U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 

1

19–011 2003

108th Congress, 1st Session – – – – – – – – – – – – House Document 108–45

BLOCKING PROPERTY OF PERSONS UNDERMINING 

DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES OR INSTITUTIONS IN 

ZIMBABWE

MESSAGE

FROM

THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

TRANSMITTING

HIS DECLARATION OF A NATIONAL EMERGENCY WITH RESPECT 

TO THE UNUSUAL AND EXTRAORDINARY THREAT TO THE FOREIGN POLICY INTERESTS OF THE UNITED STATES POSED BY 

THE ACTIONS AND POLICIES OF CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS WHO 

HAVE FORMULATED, IMPLEMENTED, OR SUPPORTED POLICIES 

THAT HAVE UNDERMINED ZIMBABWE’S DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, PURSUANT TO 50 U.S.C. 1703(b) AND 50 U.S.C. 1631

MARCH 12, 2002.—Message and accompanying papers referred to the 

Committee on International Relations and ordered to be printed


E:\Seals\Congress.#13
(1)

To the Congress of the United States: 

Pursuant to section 204(b) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1703(b) and section 301 of the National Emergencies Act, 50 U.S.C. 1631, I hereby report that I have 

exercised my statutory authority to declare a national emergency 

with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the foreign 

policy interests of the United States posed by the actions and policies of certain individuals who have formulated, implemented, or 

supported policies that have undermined Zimbabwe’s democratic 

institutions. 

Over the course of more than 2 years, the Government of 

Zimbabwe has systematically undermined that nation’s democratic 

institutions, employing violence, intimidation, and repressive 

means including legislation to stifle opposition to its rule. This 

campaign to ensure the continued rule of Robert Mugabe and his 

associates was clearly revealed in the badly flawed presidential 

election held in March 2002. Subsequent to the election, the 

Mugabe government intensified its repression of opposition political 

parties and those voices in civil society and the independent press 

calling on the government to respect the nation’s democratic values 

and the basic human rights of its citizens. To add to the desperation of the besieged Zimbabwean people, the current government 

has engaged in a violent assault on the rule of law that has thrown 

the economy into chaos, devastated the nation’s agricultural economy, and triggered a potentially catastrophic food crisis. 

As a result of the unusual and extraordinary threat posed to the 

foreign policy of the United States by the deterioration of 

Zimbabwe’s democracy and the resulting breakdown in the rule of 

law, politically motivated violence, and the political and economic 

instability in the southern African region, I have exercised my statutory authority and issued an Executive Order which, except to the 

extent provided for in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses 

that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding 

any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to 

the effective date: 

• blocks all property and interests in property of the individuals 

listed in the Annex to the order; 

• prohibits any transaction or dealing by United States persons 

or within the United States in property or interests in property 

blocked pursuant to the order, including the making or receiving of 

any contribution of funds, goods, or services to or for the benefit of 

the persons designated pursuant to the order. 

The Secretary of the Treasury is further authorized to designate 

any person determined, in consultation with the Secretary of State, 

to be owned or controlled by, or acting or purporting to act directly 

or indirectly for or on behalf of, any persons designated in or pursuant to the order. The Secretary of the Treasury is also authorized 

2

in the exercise of my authorities under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to implement these measures in consultation with the Secretary of State. All Federal agencies are directed to take actions within their authority to carry out the provisions of the Executive Order. 

This Executive Order further demonstrates the U.S. commitment 

to supporting Zimbabwe’s democratic evolution, and strengthens 

our cooperation with the European Union in efforts to promote that 

evolution. The European Union has acted to freeze the assets of 79 

individuals responsible for the political, economic, and social deterioration of Zimbabwe. With the exception of two individuals no 

longer associated with the Government of Zimbabwe, this order encompasses all those identified by the European Union. 

I have enclosed a copy of the Executive Order I have issued.

GEORGE W. BUSH. 

THE WHITE HOUSE, March 6, 2003.

(3)

EXECUTIVE ORDER

BLOCKING PROPERTY OF PERSONS UNDERMINING DEMOCRATIC

PROCESSES OR INSTITUTIONS IN ZIMBABWE

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution 

and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) 

(IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), 

and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, 

I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United States of America, have determined that the actions and policies of certain members of the Government of Zimbabwe and other persons to undermine Zimbabwe’s democratic processes of institutions, contributing 

to the deliberate breakdown in the rule of law in Zimbabwe, to politically motivated violence and intimidation in that country, and to 

political and economic instability in the southern African region, 

constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the foreign policy of the United States, and I hereby declare a national emergency 

to deal with that threat. 

I hereby order: 

Section 1. Except to the extent provided in section 203(b) of 

IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), and in regulations, orders, directives, 

or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted 

prior to the effective date of this order, all property and interests 

in property of the following persons that are in the United States, 

that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of United States persons, including their overseas branches, are blocked and may not 

be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in: 

(a) the persons listed in the Annex to this order; and 

(b) any person determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in 

consultation with the Secretary of state, to be owned or controlled 

by, or acting or purporting to act directly or indirectly for or on behalf of, any of the persons listed in the Annex to this order. 

Sec. 2. (a) Any transaction or dealing by a United States person 

or within the United States in property or interests in property 

blocked pursuant to this order is prohibited, including but not limited to the making or receiving of any contribution of funds, goods, 

or services to or for the benefit of any person listed in the Annex 

to this order or who is the subject of a determination under subsection 1(b) of this order. 

(b) Any transaction by a United States person or within the 

United States that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or 

avoiding, or attempts to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in 

this order is prohibited. 

4

(c) Any conspiracy formed to violate the prohibitions set forth in 

this order is prohibited. 

Sec. 3. For the purposes of this order: 

(a) The term ‘‘person’’ means an individual or entity; 

(b) The term ‘‘entity’’ means a partnership, association, trust, 

joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization; 

and 

(c) The term ‘‘United States person’’ means any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of 

the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the United States. 

Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the 

Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ 

all powers granted to me by IEEPA, as may be necessary to carry 

out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may 

redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of 

the United States Government. All agencies of the United States 

Government are hereby directed to take all appropriate measures 

within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order. 

Sec. 5. This order is not intended to create, nor does it create, 

any right, benefit, or privilege, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, officers, employees, or any other person. 

Sec. 6. (a) This order is effective at 12:01 eastern standard time 

on March 7, 2003; and 

(b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published 

in the Federal Register.

GEORGE W. BUSH. 

THE WHITE HOUSE, March 6, 2003.

ANNEX

1. Robert Gabriel MUGABE [President of Zimbabwe, born 21 

Feb. 1924] 

2. Flora BUKA [Minister of State for Land Reform, born 25 Feb. 

1968] 

3. George CHARAMBA [Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Information, born 4 Apr. 1963] 

4. Fortune CHARUMBIRA [Deputy Minister for Local Government, Public Works, and National Housing, born 10 June 1962] 

5. Aeneas CHIGWEDERE [Minister of Education, Sports and 

Culture, born 25 Nov. 1939] 

6. Augustine CHIHURI [Police Commissioner, born 10 Mar. 

1953] 

7. Enos CHIKOWORE [Politburo Secretary for Land and Resettlement, born 17 July 1942] 

8. Patrick CHINAMASA [Minister of Justice, born 25 Jan. 1947] 

9. Edward CHINDORI-CHININGA [Minister of Mines, born 14 

Mar. 1955] 

10. Constantine CHIWENGA [Lt. Gen., Commander of the Army, 

born 25 Aug. 1956] 

11. Willard CHIWEWE [Senior Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, born 19 Mar. 1949] 

5

12. Ignatius CHOMBO [Minister of Local Government, born 1 

Aug. 1952] 

13. Dumiso DABENGWA [Politburo Senior Committee Member, 

born 6 Dec. 1939] 

14. Nicholas GOCHE [Minister of State for National Security, 

born 1 Aug. 1946] 

15. Rugare GUMBO [Deputy Minister for Home Affairs, born 8 

Mar. 1940] 

16. Richard HOVE [Politburo Secretary for Economic Affairs, 

born 23 Sept. 1939] 

17. David KARIMANZIRA [Politburo Secretary for Finance, born 

25 May 1947] 

18. Saviour KASUKUWERE [Deputy-Secretary for Youth Affairs, 

born 23 Oct. 1970] 

19. Christopher KURUNERI [Deputy Minister, Finance and Economic Development, born 4 Apr. 1949] 

20. Thenjiwe LESABE [Politburo Secretary for Women’s Affairs, 

born 5 Jan. 1933] 

21. Jaison MACHAYA [Deputy Minister for Mines and Mining 

Development, born 13 June 1952] 

22. Joseph MADE [Minister of Agriculture, born 21 Nov. 1954] 

23. Edna MADZONGWE [Deputy-Secretary for Production and 

Labor, born 11 July 1943] 

24. Shuvai MAHOFA [Deputy Minister for Youth Development, 

Gender and Employment Creation, born 4 Apr. 1941] 

25. Joshua MALINGA [Deputy-Secretary for Disabled and Disadvantaged, born 28 Apr. 1944] 

26. Paul MANGWANA [Minister of State for State Enterprises 

and Parastatals, born 10 Aug. 1961] 

27. Witness MANGWENDE [Minister of Transport and Communications, born 15 Aug. 1946] 

28. Elliot MANYIKA [Minister of Youth Development, born 30 

July 1955] 

29. Kenneth MANYONDA [Deputy Minister for Industry and 

International Trade, born 10 Aug. 1934] 

30. Reuben MARUMAHOKO [Deputy Minister for Energy and 

Power Development, born 4 Apr. 1948] 

31. Angeline MASUKU [Politburo Secretary for Disabled and 

Disadvantaged Person’s Welfare, born 14 Oct. 1936] 

32. Sithokozile MATHUTHU [Deputy-Secretary for Transport 

and Social Welfare] 

33. Amos Bernard Muvenga MIDZI [Minister for Energy and Development, born 4 July 1952] 

34. Emmerson MNANGAGWA [Parliamentary Speaker, born 15 

Sept. 1946] 

35. Kembo MOHADI [Minister of Home Affairs, born 15 Nov. 

1949] 

36. Swithun MOMBESHORA [Minister of Higher Education, 

born 20 Aug. 1945] 

37. Jonathan MOYO [Minister of Information, born 12 Jan. 1957] 

38. July MOYO [Minister of Public Service, Labor and Social 

Welfare, born 7 May 1950] 

39. Simon Khaya MOYO [Deputy-Secretary for Legal Affairs, 

born 1945] 

6

40. Obert MPOFU [Deputy-Secretary for National Security, born 

12 Oct. 1951] 

41. Joseph MSIKA [Vice President, born 6 Dec. 1923]

42. Olivia MUCHENA [Minister of State for Science and Technology Development, born 18 Aug. 1946] 

43. Opah MUCHINGURI [Politburo Secretary for Gender and 

Culture, born 14 Dec. 1958] 

44. Stan MUDENGE [Minister of Foreign Affairs, born 17 Dec. 

1948] 

45. Grace MUGABE [born 23 July 1965] 

46. Sabina MUGABE [Politburo Senior Committee Member, born 

14 Oct. 1934] 

47. Joyce MUJURU [Minister of Rural Resources and Water, 

born 15 Apr. 1955] 

48. Solomon MUJURU [Politburo Senior Committee Member, 

born 1 May 1949] 

49. Samuel MUMBENGEGWI [Minister of Industry and International Trade, born 20 July 1945] 

50. Herbert MURERWA [Minister of Finance, born 31 July 1941] 

51. Christopher MUSHOHWE [Deputy Minister, Transport and 

Communications, born 6 Feb. 1954] 

52. Didymus MUTASA [Politburo Secretary for External Relations, born 27 July 1935] 

53. Kenneth MUTIWEKUZIVA [Deputy Minister for Small and 

Medium Enterprise Development, born 27 May 1948] 

54. Simon Vengesai MUZENDA [Vice President, born 28 Oct. 

1922] 

55. Tsitsi MUZENDA [Politburo Senior Committee Member, born 

28 Aug. 1922] 

56. Elisha MUZONZINI [Director of the Central Intelligence Organization, born 24 June 1957] 

57. Abedinico NCUBE [Deputy Minister, Foreign Affairs, born 13 

March 1954] 

58. Naison NDLOVU [Politburo Secretary for Production and 

Labor, born 22 Oct. 1930] 

59. Sikhanyiso NDLOVU [Deputy-Secretary for Commissariat, 

born 20 Sept. 1949] 

60. Francis NHEMA [Minister of Environment and Tourism, 

born 17 Apr. 1959] 

61. John NKOMO [Minister of State for Special Affairs, born 22 

Aug. 1934] 

62. Stephen NKOMO [Politburo Senior Committee Member, born 

3 Oct. 1926] 

63. Sithembiso NYONI [Minister of Small and Medium Enterprises Development, born 20 Sept. 1949] 

64. David PARIRENYATWA [Minister of Health and Child Welfare, born 2 Aug. 1950] 

65. Selina POTE [Deputy-Secretary for Gender and Culture] 

66. Tinos RUSERE [Deputy Minister for Rural Resources and 

Water Development, born 10 May 1945] 

67. Stanley SAKUPWANYA [Deputy-Secretary for Health and 

Child Welfare] 

68. Sidney SEKERAMAYI [Minister of Defense, born 30 Mar. 

1944] 

7

69. Nathan SHAMUYARIRA [Politburo Secretary for Information 

and Publicity, born 29 Sept. 1928] 

70. Perence SHIRI [Air Marshal (Air Force), born 11 Jan. 1955] 

71. Isaiah SHUMBA [Deputy Minister, Education, Sports and 

Culture, born 3 Jan. 1949] 

72. Absolom SIKOSANA [Politburo Secretary for Youth Affairs] 

73. Solomon TAWENGWA [Deputy-Secretary for Finance, born 

15 June 1940] 

74. Josiah TUNGAMIRAI [Politburo Secretary for Empowerment 

and Indigenization, born 8 Oct. 1948] 

75. Charles UTETE [Cabinet Secretary, born 30 Oct. 1938] 

76. Paradzai ZIMONDI [Prisons chief, born 4 Mar. 1947] 

77. Vitalis ZVINAVASHE [General, Commander of Zimbabwe 

Defense Forces, born 27 Sept. 1943]

Note: The bracketed identifying information with respect to each 

person listed in this Annex reflects information currently available 

and is provided solely to facilitate compliance with this order. Each 

individual listed in this Annex remains subject to the prohibitions 

of this order notwithstanding any change in title, position, or affiliation.

Æ