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[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8467 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

118th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 8467

 To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other 
programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2029, and 
                          for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                              May 21, 2024

 Mr. Thompson of Pennsylvania introduced the following bill; which was 
                referred to the Committee on Agriculture

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To provide for the reform and continuation of agricultural and other 
programs of the Department of Agriculture through fiscal year 2029, and 
                          for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Farm, Food, and 
National Security Act of 2024''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
                          TITLE I--COMMODITIES

                      Subtitle A--Commodity Policy

Sec. 1101. Reference prices.
Sec. 1102. 1-time opportunity to add base acres.
Sec. 1103. Producer election.
Sec. 1104. Price loss coverage.
Sec. 1105. Agriculture risk coverage.
                      Subtitle B--Marketing Loans

Sec. 1201. Loan rates for nonrecourse marketing assistance loans.
Sec. 1202. Repayment rates for upland cotton, long grain rice, and 
                            medium grain rice.
Sec. 1203. Repayment rates for extra long staple cotton.
Sec. 1204. Modifications to storage credits.
Sec. 1205. Economic adjustment assistance for textile mills.
                           Subtitle C--Sugar

Sec. 1301. Loan rate modifications.
Sec. 1302. Adjustments to commodity credit corporation storage rates.
Sec. 1303. Modernizing beet sugar allotments.
Sec. 1304. Reallocations of tariff rate quota shortfall.
Sec. 1305. Clarification of tariff rate quota adjustments.
                           Subtitle D--Dairy

Sec. 1401. Dairy margin coverage production history.
Sec. 1402. Premiums for dairy margins.
Sec. 1403. Mandatory reporting of dairy product processing costs.
Sec. 1404. Class I skim milk price.
Sec. 1405. Extensions.
Sec. 1406. Dairy reports.
   Subtitle E--Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Programs

Sec. 1501. Livestock indemnity payment rates.
Sec. 1502. Emergency assistance for honeybees.
Sec. 1503. Tree assistance program.
Sec. 1504. Assistance in the form of block grants.
                       Subtitle F--Administration

Sec. 1601. Suspension of permanent price support authority.
Sec. 1602. Implementation.
Sec. 1603. Equitable treatment of certain entities.
Sec. 1604. Payment limitation.
Sec. 1605. Adjusted gross income limitation.
Sec. 1606. Storage facility loans.
Sec. 1607. Strengthening domestic food production supply chains.
Sec. 1608. Limitation on CCC authority.
                         TITLE II--CONSERVATION

                        Subtitle A--Definitions

Sec. 2001. Definitions.
                Subtitle B--Conservation Reserve Program

Sec. 2101. Definitions.
Sec. 2102. Conservation reserve.
Sec. 2103. Partnership initiatives.
Sec. 2104. Duties of owners and operators.
Sec. 2105. Duties of the Secretary.
Sec. 2106. Payments.
Sec. 2107. Contracts.
          Subtitle C--Environmental Quality Incentives Program

Sec. 2201. Definitions.
Sec. 2202. Establishment and administration.
Sec. 2203. Limitation on payments.
Sec. 2204. Conservation innovation grants and payments.
              Subtitle D--Conservation Stewardship Program

Sec. 2301. Conservation stewardship program.
Sec. 2302. Duties of the Secretary.
Sec. 2303. State assistance for soil health.
                Subtitle E--Other Conservation Programs

Sec. 2401. Conservation of private grazing land.
Sec. 2402. Feral swine eradication and control program.
Sec. 2403. Grassroots source water protection program.
Sec. 2404. Voluntary public access and habitat incentive program.
Sec. 2405. Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act.
Sec. 2406. Emergency conservation program.
Sec. 2407. Emergency watershed program.
Sec. 2408. National agriculture flood vulnerability study.
                 Subtitle F--Funding and Administration

Sec. 2501. Commodity Credit Corporation.
Sec. 2502. Rescissions.
Sec. 2503. Delivery of technical assistance.
Sec. 2504. Administrative requirements for conservation programs.
Sec. 2505. Experienced services program.
         Subtitle G--Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

Sec. 2601. Definitions.
Sec. 2602. Agricultural land easements.
Sec. 2603. Wetland reserve easements.
Sec. 2604. Administration.
            Subtitle H--Forest Conservation Easement Program

Sec. 2701. Forest conservation easement program.
         Subtitle I--Regional Conservation Partnership Program

Sec. 2801. Establishment and purposes.
Sec. 2802. Definitions.
Sec. 2803. Regional conservation partnerships.
Sec. 2804. Assistance to producers.
Sec. 2805. Funding.
Sec. 2806. Administration.
Sec. 2807. Critical conservation areas.
            Subtitle J--Repeals and Transitional Provisions

Sec. 2901. Superseded conservation reserve program authorities.
Sec. 2902. Healthy Forests Reserve Program.
                            TITLE III--TRADE

                     Subtitle A--Food for Peace Act

Sec. 3101. Food aid quality assurance.
Sec. 3102. Minimum levels of assistance.
Sec. 3103. Food aid consultative group.
Sec. 3104. Issuance of regulations; oversight, monitoring, and 
                            evaluation.
Sec. 3105. International food relief partnership.
Sec. 3106. Use of commodity credit corporation.
Sec. 3107. Pre-positioning of agricultural commodities and annual 
                            report regarding food aid programs and 
                            activities.
Sec. 3108. Deadline for agreements to finance sales or to provide other 
                            assistance.
Sec. 3109. Minimum level of nonemergency food assistance.
Sec. 3110. Termination date for micronutrient fortification programs.
Sec. 3111. John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter farmer-to-farmer program.
               Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

Sec. 3201. Agricultural trade promotion and facilitation.
Sec. 3202. Preserving foreign markets for goods using common names.
Sec. 3203. Interagency seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetable 
                            working group.
               Subtitle C--Other Agricultural Trade Laws

Sec. 3301. Growing American food exports.
Sec. 3302. Food for progress act of 1985.
Sec. 3303. Bill Emerson humanitarian trust act.
Sec. 3304. Promotion of agricultural exports to emerging markets.
Sec. 3305. International agricultural education fellowship program.
Sec. 3306. International agriculture cultural immersion and exchange 
                            program.
Sec. 3307. International food security technical assistance.
Sec. 3308. McGovern-Dole international food for education and child 
                            nutrition program.
Sec. 3309. Global crop diversity trust.
Sec. 3310. Local and regional food aid procurement projects.
Sec. 3311. Agricultural trade enforcement task force.
                          TITLE IV--NUTRITION

         Subtitle A--Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Sec. 4101. Declaration of policy.
Sec. 4102. Food distribution program on Indian reservations.
Sec. 4103. Exclusions from income and resources.
Sec. 4104. Earned income deduction.
Sec. 4105. SNAP employment and training provider service referrals.
Sec. 4106. Prohibited fees.
Sec. 4107. Prohibition on benefit redemption by owners of retail food 
                            stores.
Sec. 4108. Supplemental nutrition assistance program benefit transfer 
                            transaction data report.
Sec. 4109. Public availability of State plans.
Sec. 4110. National accuracy clearinghouse.
Sec. 4111. SNAP staffing flexibility.
Sec. 4112. Updates to administrative processes for SNAP retailers.
Sec. 4113. Adjustment to percentage of recovered funds retained by 
                            States.
Sec. 4114. Tolerance level for payment errors.
Sec. 4115. Public comment on quality control guidance.
Sec. 4116. Office of program integrity.
Sec. 4117. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 4118. Assistance for community food projects.
Sec. 4119. Emergency food assistance program.
Sec. 4120. Nutrition education.
Sec. 4121. Retail food store and recipient trafficking.
Sec. 4122. Repeal of denial of benefits for certain drug-related 
                            convictions.
Sec. 4123. Residents of Institutions.
Sec. 4124. Block grants for Puerto Rico and American Samoa.
Sec. 4125. Elderly simplified application program.
Sec. 4126. Amendment to Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023.
Sec. 4127. Modification of State plan requirement.
Sec. 4128. Food security and diet quality report.
Sec. 4129. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 
                            study and report.
              Subtitle B--Commodity Distribution Programs

Sec. 4201. Commodity distribution program.
Sec. 4202. Commodity supplemental food program.
Sec. 4203. Distribution of surplus commodities to special nutrition 
                            projects.
Sec. 4204. Commodity supplemental food program demonstration project 
                            for Tribal organizations.
                       Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

Sec. 4301. Purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables for distribution to 
                            schools and service institutions.
Sec. 4302. Food box pilot program.
Sec. 4303. Nutrition standards for food distribution programs.
Sec. 4304. Guidance regarding notifying certain students regarding SNAP 
                            benefits.
Sec. 4305. Buy American requirements for certain school meals.
Sec. 4306. Reauthorization of the Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive 
                            program.
Sec. 4307. Food loss and waste reduction liaison annual report.
Sec. 4308. Healthy food financing initiative.
Sec. 4309. Micro-grants for food security.
Sec. 4310. Healthy fluid milk incentives projects.
                            TITLE V--CREDIT

                    Subtitle A--Farm Ownership Loans

Sec. 5101. Persons eligible for real estate loans.
Sec. 5102. Experience requirements.
Sec. 5103. Conservation loan and loan guarantee program.
Sec. 5104. Limitations on amount of farm ownership loans.
Sec. 5105. Inflation percentage.
Sec. 5106. Authority of Farm Credit System institutions to provide 
                            financial support for essential rural 
                            community facilities projects.
Sec. 5107. Down payment loan program.
Sec. 5108. Heirs property.
Sec. 5109. Prompt approval of loans and loan guarantees.
Sec. 5110. Farmer loan pilot projects.
Sec. 5111. Refinancing of guaranteed loans into direct loans.
                      Subtitle B--Operating Loans

Sec. 5201. Persons eligible for operating loans.
Sec. 5202. Limitations on amount of operating loans.
Sec. 5203. Limitation on microloan amounts.
Sec. 5204. Cooperative lending pilot projects.
                      Subtitle C--Emergency Loans

Sec. 5301. Persons eligible for emergency loans.
                 Subtitle D--Administrative Provisions

Sec. 5401. Beginning farmer and rancher individual development accounts 
                            pilot program.
Sec. 5402. Loan authorization levels.
Sec. 5403. Loan fund set-asides.
Sec. 5404. Use of additional funds for direct operating microloans 
                            under certain conditions.
                       Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

Sec. 5501. Export finance authority.
Sec. 5502. Support for rural water and waste systems.
Sec. 5503. Farmer loan data collection.
Sec. 5504. Loan guarantees.
Sec. 5505. Standards for qualified loans.
Sec. 5506. State agricultural mediation programs.
Sec. 5507. Technical corrections.
                      TITLE VI--RURAL DEVELOPMENT

         Subtitle A--Improving Health Outcomes in Rural America

Sec. 6101. Prioritizations for distance learning and telemedicine and 
                            community facilities program.
Sec. 6102. Distance learning and telemedicine loans and grants.
     Subtitle B--Connecting Rural Americans to High Speed Broadband

Sec. 6201. Rural broadband program loans and grants.
Sec. 6202. Expansion of middle mile infrastructure into rural areas.
Sec. 6203. Innovative broadband advancement program.
Sec. 6204. Community connect grants.
Sec. 6205. Rate regulation.
Sec. 6206. Public notice, assessments, technical assistance, and 
                            reporting requirements.
Sec. 6207. Limitation on overbuilding.
                       Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

Sec. 6301. Rural energy savings program.
Sec. 6302. Regional commission reauthorization.
Sec. 6303. Promoting precision agriculture.
Sec. 6304. Food supply chain guaranteed loans.
Sec. 6305. New, mobile, and expanded meat processing and rendering 
                            grants.
Sec. 6306. Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative.
Sec. 6307. Technical assistance for geographically underserved and 
                            distressed areas.
Sec. 6308. Establishment of the Rural Development Innovation Center.
Sec. 6309. Rural Health Liaison report.
Sec. 6310. Precision Agriculture Task Force amendments.
 Subtitle D--Additional Amendments to the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
                            Development Act

Sec. 6401. Water, waste disposal, and wastewater facility grants.
Sec. 6402. Rural water and wastewater circuit rider program.
Sec. 6403. Zero and low interest loans for distressed water systems.
Sec. 6404. Tribal college and university essential community 
                            facilities.
Sec. 6405. Emergency and imminent community water assistance grant 
                            program.
Sec. 6406. Water systems for rural and native villages in Alaska.
Sec. 6407. Rural decentralized water systems.
Sec. 6408. Assistance to rural entities.
Sec. 6409. Solid waste management grants.
Sec. 6410. Rural business development grants.
Sec. 6411. Rural cooperative development grants.
Sec. 6412. Lender fees in guaranteed loan programs.
Sec. 6413. Locally or regionally produced agricultural food products.
Sec. 6414. Appropriate technology transfer for rural areas program.
Sec. 6415. Rural economic area partnership zones.
Sec. 6416. Intermediary relending program.
Sec. 6417. Rural health care facility assistance.
Sec. 6418. Elimination of prohibition on use of loans for certain 
                            purposes.
Sec. 6419. Rural Business-Cooperative Service programs technical 
                            assistance and training.
Sec. 6420. National Rural Development Partnership.
Sec. 6421. Grants for NOAA weather radio transmitters.
Sec. 6422. Rural microentrepreneur assistance program.
Sec. 6423. Health care services.
Sec. 6424. Strategic economic and community development.
Sec. 6425. Rural innovation stronger economy grant program.
Sec. 6426. Delta Regional Authority.
Sec. 6427. Limitation on rural business investment companies controlled 
                            by Farm Credit System institutions.
Sec. 6428. Rural business investment program.
Sec. 6429. Technical corrections.
Sec. 6430. Rural water and wastewater technical assistance and training 
                            programs.
 Subtitle E--Additional Amendments to the Rural Electrification Act of 
                                  1936

Sec. 6501. Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for utility 
                            infrastructure purposes.
Sec. 6502. Extension of the rural economic development loan and grant 
                            program.
Sec. 6503. Expansion of 911 access.
          TITLE VII--RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS

  Subtitle A--National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
                           Policy Act of 1977

Sec. 7101. National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and 
                            Economics Advisory Board.
Sec. 7102. Specialty crop committee.
Sec. 7103. Veterinary medicine loan repayment.
Sec. 7104. Veterinary services grant program.
Sec. 7105. Grants and fellowships for food and agriculture sciences 
                            education.
Sec. 7106. Agricultural and food policy research centers.
Sec. 7107. Education grants to Alaska Native serving institutions and 
                            Native Hawaiian serving institutions.
Sec. 7108. Nutrition education program.
Sec. 7109. Continuing animal health and disease research programs.
Sec. 7110. Extension and agricultural research at 1890 land-grant 
                            colleges, including Tuskegee University.
Sec. 7111. Scholarships for students at 1890 Institutions.
Sec. 7112. Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities 
                            at 1890 land-grant colleges, including 
                            Tuskegee University.
Sec. 7113. Grants to upgrade agriculture and food sciences facilities 
                            and equipment and support tropical and 
                            subtropical agricultural research at 
                            insular area land-grant colleges and 
                            universities.
Sec. 7114. Matching funds requirement for research and extension 
                            activities at eligible institutions.
Sec. 7115. New Beginning for Tribal Students.
Sec. 7116. Education grants programs for Hispanic-serving institutions.
Sec. 7117. Binational agricultural research and development.
Sec. 7118. Grants and partnerships for international agricultural 
                            research, extension, and education.
Sec. 7119. Research equipment grants.
Sec. 7120. University research.
Sec. 7121. Extension service.
Sec. 7122. Supplemental and alternative crops.
Sec. 7123. Grants for community college agriculture and natural 
                            resources programs.
Sec. 7124. Capacity building grants for NLGCA institutions.
Sec. 7125. Agriculture advanced research and development authority.
Sec. 7126. Aquaculture assistance programs.
Sec. 7127. Special authorization for biosecurity planning and response.
Sec. 7128. Agriculture and food protection grant program.
Sec. 7129. Distance education grants for insular areas.
Sec. 7130. Resident instruction grants for insular areas.
Sec. 7131. Repeals.
   Subtitle B--Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

Sec. 7201. Sustainable agriculture research and education.
Sec. 7202. National Genetics Resources Program.
Sec. 7203. Agricultural genome to phenome initiative.
Sec. 7204. High-priority research and extension initiatives.
Sec. 7205. Organic agriculture research and extension initiative.
Sec. 7206. Farm business management.
Sec. 7207. Urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural production 
                            research, education, and extension 
                            initiative.
Sec. 7208. Centers of excellence.
Sec. 7209. ThinkDIFFERENTLY National AgrAbility Project.
Sec. 7210. Farming opportunities training and outreach.
Sec. 7211. National Rural Information Center Clearinghouse.
Sec. 7212. Repeal.
Subtitle C--Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act 
                                of 1998

Sec. 7301. National food safety training, education, extension, 
                            outreach, and technical assistance program.
Sec. 7302. Integrated research, education, and extension competitive 
                            grants program.
Sec. 7303. Support for research regarding diseases of wheat, triticale, 
                            and barley caused by fusarium graminearum 
                            or by tilletia indica.
Sec. 7304. Grants for youth organizations.
Sec. 7305. Specialty crop research initiative.
Sec. 7306. Agriculture grants for veteran education and training 
                            services.
Sec. 7307. Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database program.
Sec. 7308. Office of Pest Management Policy.
Sec. 7309. Forestry products advanced utilization research.
Sec. 7310. Repeals.
         Subtitle D--Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

Sec. 7401. Grazinglands research laboratory.
Sec. 7402. Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network.
Sec. 7403. Sun grant program.
Sec. 7404. Repeals.
                  Subtitle E--Amendments to Other Laws

Sec. 7501. Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994.
Sec. 7502. Research Facilities Act.
Sec. 7503. Agriculture and Food Research Initiative.
Sec. 7504. Extension design and demonstration initiative.
Sec. 7505. Biomass research and development.
Sec. 7506. Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978.
Sec. 7507. National Aquaculture Act of 1980.
Sec. 7508. Reports on disbursement of funds for agricultural research 
                            and extension at 1862 and 1890 land-grant 
                            colleges, including Tuskegee University.
Sec. 7509. Repeal.
                       Subtitle F--Other Matters

Sec. 7601. Foundation for food and agriculture research.
Sec. 7602. Agriculture innovation center demonstration program.
Sec. 7603. Livestock insects laboratory.
Sec. 7604. Hatch Act of 1887.
Sec. 7605. Commission on national agricultural statistics service 
                            modernization.
Sec. 7606. Restoration of 4-H name and emblem authority.
Sec. 7607. Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and 
                            Economics.
Sec. 7608. Agricultural Innovation Corps.
                          TITLE VIII--FORESTRY

        Subtitle A--Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978

Sec. 8101. Support for State assessments and strategies for forest 
                            resources.
Sec. 8102. Forest Legacy Program technical correction.
Sec. 8103. State and private forest landscape-scale restoration 
                            program.
          Subtitle B--Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003

Sec. 8201. Definition of at-risk community.
Sec. 8202. Promoting cross-boundary wildfire mitigation.
Sec. 8203. Authorization of appropriations for hazardous fuel reduction 
                            on Federal land.
Sec. 8204. Water source protection program.
Sec. 8205. Watershed condition framework technical corrections.
Sec. 8206. Authorization of appropriations to combat insect 
                            infestations and related diseases.
Sec. 8207. Insect and disease infestation.
Sec. 8208. Stewardship end result contracting projects.
                  Subtitle C--Other Forestry Programs

Sec. 8301. National and Regional Agroforestry Centers.
Sec. 8302. National Forest Foundation Act.
Sec. 8303. Conveyances and leases of Forest Service administrative 
                            sites.
Sec. 8304. Forest inventory and analysis.
Sec. 8305. Reforestation, nursery, and seed orchard support.
                     Subtitle D--Forest Management

               Part I--National Forest System Management

Sec. 8401. Categorical exclusion for high priority hazard trees.
Sec. 8402. Collaborative restoration projects.
Sec. 8403. Wildfire resilience project size.
Sec. 8404. Fuel breaks in forests and other wildland vegetation.
Sec. 8405. Greater sage-grouse and mule deer habitat.
                 Part II--Forest Management Activities

Sec. 8411. No additional consultation required.
Sec. 8412. Good neighbor authority.
Sec. 8413. Collaborative forest landscape restoration program.
Sec. 8414. Public-private wildfire technology deployment and testbed 
                            partnership.
Sec. 8415. Forest Service participation in Experienced Services 
                            Program.
Sec. 8416. Timber sales on National Forest System land.
Sec. 8417. Permits and agreements with electrical utilities.
Sec. 8418. Cooperative agreements and contracts for prescribed fire.
Sec. 8419. Utilizing grazing for wildfire risk reduction.
Sec. 8420. Joint Chiefs Landscape Restoration Partnership program.
Sec. 8421. Tribal Forest Management program technical correction.
                      Part III--Timber Innovation

Sec. 8431. Community wood facilities program.
Sec. 8432. Wood innovation grant program.
Sec. 8433. Forest and wood products data tracker.
Sec. 8434. Biochar application demonstration project.
                     Subtitle E--Save Our Sequoias

Sec. 8501. Short title.
Sec. 8502. Definitions.
Sec. 8503. Shared stewardship agreement for giant sequoias.
Sec. 8504. Giant sequoia lands coalition.
Sec. 8505. Giant sequoia health and resiliency assessment.
Sec. 8506. Giant sequoia emergency response.
Sec. 8507. Giant sequoia reforestation and rehabilitation strategy.
Sec. 8508. Giant sequoia strike teams.
Sec. 8509. Giant sequoia collaborative restoration grants.
Sec. 8510. Good neighbor authority for giant sequoias.
Sec. 8511. Stewardship contracting for giant sequoias.
Sec. 8512. Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Program and Fund.
Sec. 8513. Authorization of appropriations.
                       Subtitle F--Other Matters

Sec. 8701. Rural revitalization technologies.
Sec. 8702. Resource advisory committees.
Sec. 8703. Accurate hazardous fuels reduction reports.
Sec. 8704. Special use authorization rental fee waiver.
Sec. 8705. Charges and fees for harvest of forest botanical products.
Sec. 8706. Forest Service Legacy Road and Trail Remediation Program 
                            transparency.
Sec. 8707. Direct hire authority.
Sec. 8708. Improving the emergency forest restoration program.
                            TITLE IX--ENERGY

Sec. 9001. Definition of advanced biofuel.
Sec. 9002. Biobased markets program.
Sec. 9003. Biorefinery assistance.
Sec. 9004. Bioproduct labeling report.
Sec. 9005. Bioenergy program for advanced biofuels.
Sec. 9006. Biodiesel Fuel Education Program.
Sec. 9007. Rural Energy for America Program.
Sec. 9008. Feedstock flexibility.
Sec. 9009. Biomass Crop Assistance Program.
Sec. 9010. Carbon utilization and biogas education program.
Sec. 9011. Study on effects of solar panel installations on covered 
                            farmland.
Sec. 9012. Limitation on USDA funding for ground mounted solar systems.
        TITLE X--HORTICULTURE, MARKETING, AND REGULATORY REFORM

                        Subtitle A--Horticulture

Sec. 10001. Plant pest and disease management and disaster prevention.
Sec. 10002. Specialty crop block grants.
Sec. 10003. Specialty crops market news allocation.
Sec. 10004. Office of Urban Agriculture and Innovative Production.
Sec. 10005. National plant diagnostics network.
Sec. 10006. Hemp production.
Sec. 10007. Pilot Program for the Intra-Organizational Movement of 
                            Genetically Engineered Microorganisms by 
                            Certain Authorized Parties.
                         Subtitle B--Marketing

Sec. 10101. Marketing orders.
Sec. 10102. Local agriculture market program.
Sec. 10103. Acer access and development program.
Sec. 10104. Organic production and market data initiative.
Sec. 10105. Organic certification.
Sec. 10106. National organic certification cost-share program.
Sec. 10107. Report on procurement.
                     Subtitle C--Regulatory Reform

      Part I--Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

Sec. 10201. Exclusion of certain substances.
Sec. 10202. Coordination.
Sec. 10203. Interagency working group.
Sec. 10204. Uniformity of Pesticide Labeling Requirements.
Sec. 10205. Authority of States.
              Part II--Other Regulatory Reform Provisions

Sec. 10211. Multiple crop and pesticide use survey.
Sec. 10212. Critical minerals.
Sec. 10213. Safe harbor for certain discharges of wildland fire 
                            chemicals.
Sec. 10214. Science Advisory Board of the Environmental Protection 
                            Agency.
Sec. 10215. Office of Biotechnology Policy.
                        TITLE XI--CROP INSURANCE

Sec. 11001. Specialty Crop Advisory Committee.
Sec. 11002. Identification of holders of substantial interests.
Sec. 11003. Actuarial soundness of certain new products.
Sec. 11004. Coverage of revenue losses.
Sec. 11005. Supplemental and aggregate coverage enhancements.
Sec. 11006. Limitation on farm program participation.
Sec. 11007. Limitation on interest accrual.
Sec. 11008. Crop insurance support for beginning and veteran farmers 
                            and ranchers.
Sec. 11009. Marketability.
Sec. 11010. Reinsurance.
Sec. 11011. Revenue insurance.
Sec. 11012. Pilot program to review effectiveness of coverage penalty.
Sec. 11013. Program compliance and integrity.
Sec. 11014. Reviews, compliance, and integrity.
Sec. 11015. Whole Farm improvements.
Sec. 11016. Research and development priorities.
                  TITLE XII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

                Subtitle A--Livestock and Other Animals

                  Part I--Animal Health and Production

Sec. 12001. Animal disease prevention and management.
Sec. 12002. Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program review and report.
Sec. 12003. Dog detection training center.
Sec. 12004. Regionalization, zoning, and compartmentalization 
                            agreements.
Sec. 12005. Importation of live dogs.
Sec. 12006. Sheep production and marketing grant program.
Sec. 12007. Ensuring the free movement of livestock-derived products in 
                            interstate commerce.
Sec. 12008. Report on support for livestock and poultry producers 
                            during a foreign animal disease outbreak.
          Part II--Meat and Poultry Processing and Inspection

Sec. 12111. Amplifying Processing of Livestock in the United States (A-
                            PLUS).
Sec. 12112. Hazard analysis and critical control point guidance and 
                            resources for small and very small poultry 
                            and meat establishments.
Sec. 12113. Outreach on cooperative interstate shipment.
Sec. 12114. Pilot program to support custom slaughter establishments.
    Subtitle B--Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994

Sec. 12201. Office of Homeland Security.
Sec. 12202. Farm Service Agency.
Sec. 12203. Office of Partnerships and Public Engagement.
Sec. 12204. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Sec. 12205. Burden of proof for national appeals division hearings.
Sec. 12206. Termination of authority.
Sec. 12207. Functions of the Office of Tribal Relations.
Sec. 12208. Office of the Ombudsman.
                     Subtitle C--National Security

Sec. 12301. Agricultural foreign investment disclosure improvements.
Sec. 12302. Report on agricultural land purchasing activities in the 
                            United States by countries designated as 
                            state sponsors of terrorism and certain 
                            other countries.
Sec. 12303. Investigative actions.
Sec. 12304. Digitization and consolidation of foreign land ownership 
                            data collection and publication.
               Subtitle D--Other Miscellaneous Provisions

Sec. 12401. Thrifty food plan.
Sec. 12402. Establishment of dietary guidelines.
Sec. 12403. Organic or non-organic Whole milk permissible.
Sec. 12404. Commission on Farm Transitions--Needs for 2050.
Sec. 12405. Report on personnel.
Sec. 12406. Improvements to United States Drought Monitor.
Sec. 12407. Agricultural fiber products trust fund.
Sec. 12408. Reports on land access and farmland ownership data 
                            collection.
Sec. 12409. Increasing transparency regarding detention of imported 
                            plants.
Sec. 12410. Enhancement of pet protections.
Sec. 12411. Protecting animals with shelter.
Sec. 12412. Report on available assistance to agricultural producers in 
                            the State of Texas that have suffered 
                            economic losses due to the failure of 
                            Mexico to deliver water.
Sec. 12413. Experienced services program.
Sec. 12414. Agricultural Labor Survey.
Sec. 12415. Extension of Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
                            Determination Act of 2000.
Sec. 12416. Commodity futures trading commission whistleblower program.
Sec. 12417. Qualified renewable biomass.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Agriculture.
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.

                          TITLE I--COMMODITIES

                      Subtitle A--Commodity Policy

SEC. 1101. REFERENCE PRICES.

    Section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``September 30, 2013'' 
        and inserting ``September 30, 2024''; and
            (2) in paragraph (19)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``$5.50'' and 
                inserting ``$6.35'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``$3.70'' and 
                inserting ``$4.10'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``$3.95'' and 
                inserting ``$4.40'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``$4.95'' and 
                inserting ``$5.45'';
                    (E) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``$2.40'' and 
                inserting ``$2.65'';
                    (F) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``$14.00'' and 
                inserting ``$16.90'';
                    (G) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``$14.00'' and 
                inserting ``$16.90'';
                    (H) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``$8.40'' and 
                inserting ``$10.00'';
                    (I) in subparagraph (I), by striking ``$20.15'' and 
                inserting ``$23.75'';
                    (J) in subparagraph (J), by striking ``$535.00'' 
                and inserting ``$630.00'';
                    (K) in subparagraph (K), by striking ``$11.00'' and 
                inserting ``$13.10'';
                    (L) in subparagraph (L), by striking ``$19.97'' and 
                inserting ``$23.75'';
                    (M) in subparagraph (M), by striking ``$19.04'' and 
                inserting ``$22.65'';
                    (N) in subparagraph (N), by striking ``$21.54'' and 
                inserting ``$25.65''; and
                    (O) in subparagraph (O), by striking ``$0.367'' and 
                inserting ``$0.42''.

SEC. 1102. 1-TIME OPPORTUNITY TO ADD BASE ACRES.

    Section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9012) is 
amended:
            (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) 1-time Opportunity to Add Base Acres.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Notice of opportunity to add base acres.--As 
                soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the 
                Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the 
                Secretary shall provide notice to the owners of a farm 
                regarding the allocation of base acres to such farm in 
                the manner provided in this subsection.
                    ``(B) Content of notice.--The notice under 
                subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
                            ``(i) Information that the allocation is 
                        occurring.
                            ``(ii) Information regarding the 
                        eligibility of the farm for an allocation of 
                        base acres under paragraph (2).
                            ``(iii) Information on how an owner may 
                        appeal a determination of ineligibility for an 
                        allocation of base acres under paragraph (2) 
                        through an appeals process established by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(C) Opt-out.--An owner of a farm that is eligible 
                to receive an allocation of base acres may elect to not 
                receive such allocation by notifying the Secretary.
            ``(2) Eligibility.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (E), 
                effective beginning with the 2025 crop year, a farm is 
                eligible to receive an allocation of base acres if, 
                with respect to such farm, the amount described in 
                subparagraph (B) exceeds the amount described in 
                subparagraph (C).
                    ``(B) 5-year average sum.--The amount described in 
                this subparagraph is, with respect to a farm, the sum 
                of--
                            ``(i) the 5-year average of--
                                    ``(I) the acreage planted on the 
                                farm to all covered commodities for 
                                harvest, grazing, haying, silage or 
                                other similar purposes for the 2019 
                                through 2023 crop years; and
                                    ``(II) any acreage on the farm that 
                                the producers were prevented from 
                                planting during the 2019 through 2023 
                                crop years to covered commodities 
                                because of drought, flood, or other 
                                natural disaster, or other condition 
                                beyond the control of the producers, as 
                                determined by the Secretary; plus
                            ``(ii) the lesser of the following:
                                    ``(I) 15 percent of the total acres 
                                on the farm.
                                    ``(II) The 5-year average of--
                                            ``(aa) the acreage planted 
                                        on the farm to eligible non-
                                        covered commodities for 
                                        harvest, grazing, haying, 
                                        silage, or other similar 
                                        purposes for the 2019 through 
                                        2023 crop years; and
                                            ``(bb) any acreage on the 
                                        farm that the producers were 
                                        prevented from planting during 
                                        the 2019 through 2023 crop 
                                        years to eligible non-covered 
                                        commodities because of drought, 
                                        flood, or other natural 
                                        disaster, or other condition 
                                        beyond the control of the 
                                        producers, as determined by the 
                                        Secretary.
                    ``(C) Total number of base acres for covered 
                commodities.--The amount described in this subparagraph 
                is, with respect to a farm, the total number of base 
                acres for covered commodities on the farm (excluding 
                unassigned crop base), as in effect on September 30, 
                2024.
                    ``(D) Acreage planted on the farm to eligible non-
                covered commodities defined.--In this paragraph, the 
                term `acreage planted on the farm to eligible non-
                covered commodities' means acreage planted on a farm to 
                commodities other than covered commodities, trees, 
                bushes, vines, grass, or pasture (including cropland 
                that was idle or fallow), as determined by the 
                Secretary.
                    ``(E) Effect of no recent plantings of covered 
                commodities.--In the case of a farm for which the 
                amount determined under clause (i) of subparagraph (B) 
                is equal to zero, such farm shall be ineligible to 
                receive an allocation of base acres under this 
                subsection.
            ``(3) Eligible acres.--Subject to paragraph (5), the acres 
        eligible for allocation to base acres--
                    ``(A) shall be equal to the difference obtained by 
                subtracting the amount determined under subparagraph 
                (C) of paragraph (2) from the amount determined under 
                subparagraph (B) of such paragraph; and
                    ``(B) shall include unassigned crop base.
            ``(4) Allocation of acres.--
                    ``(A) Allocation.--For the purpose of applying this 
                subsection to covered commodities, the Secretary shall 
                allocate the eligible acres under paragraph (3) among 
                those covered commodities planted on the farm at any 
                time during the 2019 through 2023 crop years.
                    ``(B) Allocation formula.--The allocation of 
                eligible acres to base acres for covered commodities 
                shall be in proportion to the ratio of--
                            ``(i) the 5-year average of--
                                    ``(I) the acreage planted on the 
                                farm to each covered commodity for 
                                harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or 
                                other similar purposes for the 2019 
                                through 2023 crop years; and
                                    ``(II) any acreage on the farm that 
                                the producers were prevented from 
                                planting during the 2019 through 2023 
                                crop years to that covered commodity 
                                because of drought, flood, or other 
                                natural disaster, or other condition 
                                beyond the control of the producers, as 
                                determined by the Secretary; to
                            ``(ii) the 5-year average determined under 
                        paragraph (2)(B)(i).
                    ``(C) Inclusion of all 5 years in average.--For the 
                purpose of determining a 5-year acreage average under 
                subparagraph (B) for a farm, the Secretary shall not 
                exclude any crop year in which a covered commodity was 
                not planted.
                    ``(D) Treatment of multiple planting or prevented 
                planting.--For the purpose of determining under 
                subparagraph (B) the acreage on a farm that producers 
                planted or were prevented from planting during the 2019 
                through 2023 crop years to covered commodities, if the 
                acreage that was planted or prevented from being 
                planted was devoted to another covered commodity in the 
                same crop year (other than a covered commodity produced 
                under an established practice of double cropping), the 
                owner may elect the commodity to be used for that crop 
                year in determining the 5-year average, but may not 
                include both the initial commodity and the subsequent 
                commodity.
                    ``(E) Limitation.--The allocation of eligible acres 
                to base acres among covered commodities on a farm under 
                this paragraph may not result in a total number of base 
                acres for the farm in excess of the total number of 
                acres on the farm.
            ``(5) Reduction by the secretary.--In carrying out this 
        subsection, if the total number of eligible acres allocated to 
        base acres across all farms in the United States under this 
        subsection would exceed 30,000,000 acres, the Secretary shall 
        apply an across the board, pro-rata reduction to the number of 
        eligible acres to ensure the number of allocated base acres 
        under this subsection is equal to 30,000,000 acres.
            ``(6) Payment yield.--Beginning with crop year 2025, for 
        the purpose of making price loss coverage payments under 
        section 1116, the Secretary shall establish payment yields to 
        base acres allocated under this subsection equal to--
                    ``(A) the payment yield established on the farm for 
                the applicable covered commodity; and
                    ``(B) if no such payment yield for the applicable 
                covered commodity exists, a payment yield--
                            ``(i) equal to the average payment yield 
                        for the covered commodity for the county in 
                        which the farm is situated; or
                            ``(ii) determined pursuant to section 
                        1113(c).
            ``(7) Treatment of new owners.--In the case of a farm for 
        which the owner on the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, 
        and National Security Act of 2024 was not the owner for the 
        2019 crop year, the Secretary shall use the planting history of 
        the prior owner or owners of such farm for purposes of 
        determining eligibility under paragraph (2), eligible acres 
        under paragraph (3), and the allocation of acres under 
        paragraph (4).'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``Notwithstanding the 
        election made under subsection (a), the'' and inserting 
        ``The'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Notwithstanding the 
        election made under subsection (a), if'' and inserting ``If''; 
        and
            (4) in subsection (d)(3)(A), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 1103. PRODUCER ELECTION.

    Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``and for'' and inserting ``, 
                for''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, and for the 2025 through 2029 
                crop years (subject to subsection (h))'' after 
                ``(subject to subsection (h))''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``2014 crop year or the 2019 crop year, as 
                applicable'' and inserting ``2014 crop year, 2019 crop 
                year, or 2025 crop year, as applicable'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2014 crop year 
                or the 2019 crop year, as applicable,'' and inserting 
                ``2014 crop year, 2019 crop year, or 2025 crop year, as 
                applicable,''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) the same coverage for each covered commodity 
                on the farm for the 2026 through 2029 crop years as was 
                applicable for the 2024 crop year.''.

SEC. 1104. PRICE LOSS COVERAGE.

    Section 1116 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(1)(B)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``2024'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 1105. AGRICULTURE RISK COVERAGE.

    Section 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9017) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``2014 through 2018 crop years or the 2019 
        through 2023 crop years, as applicable'' and inserting ``2014 
        through 2018 crop years, 2019 through 2023 crop years, or 2025 
        through 2029 crop years, as applicable'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``for each of 
                2014 through 2024 crop years and 90 percent of the 
                benchmark revenue for each of 2025 through 2029 crop 
                years'' before the period at the end;
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(C), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``2023'' 
                        and inserting ``2029''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2029'';
                    (D) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
            (3) by amending subsection (d)(1)(B) to read as follows:
                    ``(B)(i) for each of the crop years 2014 through 
                2024, 10 percent of the benchmark revenue for the crop 
                year applicable under subsection (c); and
                            ``(ii) for each of the crop years 2025 
                        through 2029, 12.5 percent of the benchmark 
                        revenue for the crop year applicable under 
                        subsection (c).'';
            (4) in subsection (e), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (5) in subsection (g)(5), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

                      Subtitle B--Marketing Loans

SEC. 1201. LOAN RATES FOR NONRECOURSE MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS.

    (a) Availability of Nonrecourse Loans.--Section 1201(b)(1) of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031(b)(1)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Loan Rates.--Section 1202 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9032) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``2023'' 
                and inserting ``2024'';
                    (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2024'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections 
        (d) and (e), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) 2025 Through 2029 Crop Years.--For purposes of each of the 
2025 through 2029 crop years, the loan rate for a marketing assistance 
loan under section 1201 for a loan commodity shall be equal to the 
following:
            ``(1) In the case of wheat, $3.72 per bushel.
            ``(2) In the case of corn, $2.42 per bushel.
            ``(3) In the case of grain sorghum, $2.42 per bushel.
            ``(4) In the case of barley, $2.75 per bushel.
            ``(5) In the case of oats, $2.20 per bushel.
            ``(6) In the case of base quality of upland cotton, $0.55 
        per pound.
            ``(7) In the case of extra long staple cotton, $1.00 per 
        pound.
            ``(8) In the case of long grain rice, $7.70 per 
        hundredweight.
            ``(9) In the case of medium grain rice, $7.70 per 
        hundredweight.
            ``(10) In the case of soybeans, $6.82 per bushel.
            ``(11) In the case of other oilseeds, $11.10 per 
        hundredweight for each of the following kinds of oilseeds:
                    ``(A) Sunflower seed.
                    ``(B) Rapeseed.
                    ``(C) Canola.
                    ``(D) Safflower.
                    ``(E) Flaxseed.
                    ``(F) Mustard seed.
                    ``(G) Crambe.
                    ``(H) Sesame seed.
                    ``(I) Other oilseeds designated by the Secretary.
            ``(12) In the case of dry peas, $6.87 per hundredweight.
            ``(13) In the case of lentils, $14.30 per hundredweight.
            ``(14) In the case of small chickpeas, $11.00 per 
        hundredweight.
            ``(15) In the case of large chickpeas, $15.40 per 
        hundredweight.
            ``(16) In the case of graded wool, $1.60 per pound.
            ``(17) In the case of nongraded wool, $0.55 per pound.
            ``(18) In the case of mohair, $5.00 per pound.
            ``(19) In the case of honey, $1.50 per pound.
            ``(20) In the case of peanuts, $390 per ton.''; and
            (4) by amending subsection (e) (as so redesignated) to read 
        as follows:
    ``(e) Special Rule for Seed Cotton and Corn.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of section 1116(b)(2) and 
        paragraphs (1)(B)(ii) and (2)(A)(ii)(II) of section 1117(b), 
        the loan rate shall be deemed to equal--
                    ``(A) for seed cotton, $0.30 per pound; and
                    ``(B) for corn, $3.30 per bushel.
            ``(2) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection authorizes any 
        nonrecourse marketing assistance loan under this subtitle for 
        seed cotton.''.

SEC. 1202. REPAYMENT RATES FOR UPLAND COTTON, LONG GRAIN RICE, AND 
              MEDIUM GRAIN RICE.

    (a) In General.--Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9034) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by inserting ``(subject to subsection (j))'' after 
        ``section 1201 for upland cotton''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
                (3); and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) a formula to determine the prevailing world market 
        price for upland cotton that, during any period which price 
        quotations for Middling (M) one and three-thirty-second inch 
        cotton are available, is based on the average of the 3 lowest-
        priced growths that are quoted; and''.
    (b) Flexibility for Seasonal Loan Redemptions.--Section 1204 of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is further amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(j) Reimbursement for Upland Cotton.--In the case of a marketing 
assistance loan under section 1201 for upland cotton that is repaid by 
a producer on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection, 
the Secretary shall provide a reimbursement to such producer in an 
amount equal to the difference obtained by subtracting--
            ``(1) the amount the producer would have paid under such 
        loan using the lowest prevailing world market price during the 
        30-day period beginning on the date on which such loan was 
        repaid, from
            ``(2) the amount repaid by the producer.''.

SEC. 1203. REPAYMENT RATES FOR EXTRA LONG STAPLE COTTON.

    Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is 
further amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by striking ``shall be at the'' and inserting 
                the following: ``shall be the lesser of--
            ``(1) the'';
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) the prevailing world market price for the commodity, 
        as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with 
        this section.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``upland cotton'' and inserting 
                ``extra long staple cotton''; and
                    (B) by striking ``and'' at the end; and
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in the heading, by inserting ``Extra Long 
                Staple Cotton,'' after ``Upland Cotton,''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the heading, by inserting ``upland'' 
                        before ``cotton''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``2024'' and inserting ``2030''.
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph 
                (4); and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Extra long staple cotton.--The prevailing world 
        market price for extra long staple cotton determined under 
        subsection (d)--
                    ``(A) shall be adjusted to United States quality 
                and location, with the adjustment to include the 
                average costs to market the commodity, including 
                average transportation costs, as determined by the 
                Secretary; and
                    ``(B) may be further adjusted, during the period 
                beginning on the date of enactment of this paragraph 
                and ending on July 31, 2030, if the Secretary 
                determines the adjustment is necessary--
                            ``(i) to minimize potential loan 
                        forfeitures;
                            ``(ii) to minimize the accumulation of 
                        stocks of extra long staple cotton by the 
                        Federal Government;
                            ``(iii) to ensure that extra long staple 
                        cotton produced in the United States can be 
                        marketed freely and competitively, both 
                        domestically and internationally; and
                            ``(iv) to ensure an appropriate transition 
                        between current-crop and forward-crop price 
                        quotations, except that the Secretary may use 
                        forward-crop price quotations prior to July 31 
                        of a marketing year only if--
                                    ``(I) there are insufficient 
                                current-crop price quotations; and
                                    ``(II) the forward-crop price 
                                quotation is the lowest such quotation 
                                available.''.

SEC. 1204. MODIFICATIONS TO STORAGE CREDITS.

    Section 1204(g) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034(g)) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Effective'' and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Crop years 2014 through 2024.--Effective'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2024''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Payment of cotton storage costs.--Effective for each 
        of the 2025 through 2029 crop years, the Secretary shall make 
        cotton storage payments for upland cotton and extra long staple 
        cotton available in the same manner as the Secretary provided 
        storage payments for the 2006 crop of upland cotton, except 
        that the payment rate shall be equal to the lesser of--
                    ``(A) the submitted tariff rate for the current 
                marketing year; or
                    ``(B) in the case of storage in--
                            ``(i) California or Arizona, a payment rate 
                        of $4.90; and
                            ``(ii) any other State, a payment rate of 
                        $3.00.''.

SEC. 1205. ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE FOR TEXTILE MILLS.

    Section 1207(c)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
9037(c)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) Value of assistance.--The value of the assistance 
        provided under paragraph (1) shall be--
                    ``(A) for the period beginning on August 1, 2013, 
                and ending on July 31, 2024, 3 cents per pound; and
                    ``(B) beginning on August 1, 2024, 5 cents per 
                pound.''.

                           Subtitle C--Sugar

SEC. 1301. LOAN RATE MODIFICATIONS.

    Section 156 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act 
of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2024''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) 24.00 cents per pound for raw cane sugar for each of 
        the 2025 through 2029 crop years.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2024''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) a rate that is equal to 136.55 percent of the loan 
        rate per pound of raw cane sugar under subsection (a)(6) for 
        each of the 2025 through 2029 crop years.''.

SEC. 1302. ADJUSTMENTS TO COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION STORAGE RATES.

    Section 167 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act 
of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7287) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for 
the 2025 crop year and each subsequent crop year thereafter, the 
Commodity Credit Corporation shall establish rates for the storage of 
forfeited sugar in an amount that is not less than--
            ``(1) in the case of refined sugar, 34 cents per 
        hundredweight per month; and
            ``(2) in the case of raw cane sugar, 27 cents per 
        hundredweight per month.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Subsequent'' and 
                inserting ``Prior''; and
                    (B) by striking ``and subsequent'' and inserting 
                ``through 2024''.

SEC. 1303. MODERNIZING BEET SUGAR ALLOTMENTS.

    (a) Allocation to Processors.--Section 359c(g)(2) of the 
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359cc(g)(2)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``In'' and inserting ``(A) in general.--
        Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Exception.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), 
                if the Secretary makes an upward adjustment under 
                paragraph (1)(A), in adjusting allocations among beet 
                sugar processors the Secretary shall give priority to 
                such processors with available sugar.''.
    (b) Timing of Reassignment.--Section 359e(b)(2) of the Agricultural 
Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ee(b)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``If'' and inserting ``(A) in general.--
        If'';
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as 
        clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Timing.--In carrying out this paragraph, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) make an initial determination 
                        following the publication of the World 
                        Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates 
                        (WASDE) by the World Agricultural Outlook Board 
                        for the month of January that is applicable to 
                        the crop year for which allotments are 
                        required; and
                            ``(ii) provide for an initial reassignment 
                        under subparagraph (A)(i) not later than 30 
                        days after the announcement of such WASDE.''.

SEC. 1304. REALLOCATIONS OF TARIFF RATE QUOTA SHORTFALL.

    Section 359k of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 
1359kk) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Reallocation.--
            ``(1) Initial reallocation.--Subject to paragraph (3), 
        following the establishment of the tariff-rate quotas under 
        subsection (a), the United States Trade Representative, in 
        consultation with the Secretary, shall--
                    ``(A) determine which countries do not intend to 
                fill their allocation for the quota year; and
                    ``(B) reallocate any forecasted shortfall as soon 
                as practicable.
            ``(2) Subsequent reallocation.--Subject to paragraph (3), 
        not later than March 1 of a quota year, the United States Trade 
        Representative, in consultation with the Secretary, shall 
        reallocate any additional forecasted shortfall in the 
        fulfillment of the minimum tariff-rate quotas for raw cane 
        sugar established under subsection (a)(1) for that quota year.
            ``(3) Early cessation of effectiveness.--Paragraphs (1) and 
        (2) shall not apply if--
                    ``(A) the Agreement Suspending the Countervailing 
                Duty Investigation on Sugar from Mexico (C-201-846) is 
                terminated; and
                    ``(B) the countervailing duty order on sugar from 
                Mexico is revoked.
    ``(d) Refined Sugar.--
            ``(1) Study required.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and 
                National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall 
                carry out a study on whether additional terms and 
                conditions with respect to refined sugar imports are 
                necessary and appropriate.
                    ``(B) Elements.--In conducting the study required 
                by subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall examine the 
                following:
                            ``(i) The need for:
                                    ``(I) Defining `refined sugar' as 
                                having a minimum polarization of 99.8 
                                degrees or higher.
                                    ``(II) Establishing a standard for 
                                color or reflectance based units for 
                                refined sugar such as those utilized by 
                                the International Commission of Uniform 
                                Methods of Sugar Analysis.
                                    ``(III) Prescribing specifications 
                                for packaging type for refined sugar.
                                    ``(IV) Prescribing specifications 
                                for transportation modes for refined 
                                sugar.
                                    ``(V) Requiring affidavits or other 
                                evidence that sugar imported as refined 
                                will not undergo further refining in 
                                the United States.
                                    ``(VI) Prescribing appropriate 
                                terms and conditions to avoid the 
                                circumvention of United States law 
                                relative to any sugar imports.
                                    ``(VII) requiring other additional 
                                definitions, terms and conditions, or 
                                other requirements.
                            ``(ii) The potential impact of each of 
                        subclauses (I) through (VII) of clause (i) on 
                        the domestic sugar industry.
                            ``(iii) Whether, based on the need 
                        described in clause (i) and the impact 
                        described in clause (ii), additional terms and 
                        conditions are appropriate.
                    ``(C) Consultation.--In conducting the study 
                required by paragraph (A), the Secretary shall consult 
                with representatives of the domestic sugar industry, 
                users of refined sugar, and relevant State and Federal 
                agencies.
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than one year after the 
                date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National 
                Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall submit to the 
                Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                includes the findings of the study required under 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Establishment of additional terms and conditions 
        permitted.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Based on the findings in the 
                report submitted under paragraph (1)(D), the Secretary 
                may establish through the rulemaking authorized under 
                subparagraph (B) such additional terms and conditions 
                after providing notice to the Committee on Agriculture 
                of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.
                    ``(B) Promulgation of regulations.--The Secretary 
                may issue regulations to establish and implement any 
                additional terms and conditions determined necessary 
                and appropriate pursuant to paragraph (1)(A), so long 
                as such regulations--
                            ``(i) do not have an adverse impact on the 
                        domestic sugar industry; and
                            ``(ii) are consistent with the requirements 
                        of this part, section 156 of the Federal 
                        Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 
                        (7 U.S.C. 7272), and obligations under 
                        international trade agreements that have been 
                        approved by Congress.
            ``(3) Domestic sugar industry.--In this subsection, the 
        term `domestic sugar industry' means domestic--
                    ``(A) sugar beet producers and processors;
                    ``(B) producers and processors of sugar cane; and
                    ``(C) refiners of raw cane sugar.''.

SEC. 1305. CLARIFICATION OF TARIFF RATE QUOTA ADJUSTMENTS.

    Section 359k(b)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 
U.S.C. 1359kk(b)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Before'' and inserting ``Notwithstanding 
        any other provision of law, before''; and
            (2) by striking ``if there is an'' and inserting ``for the 
        sole purpose of responding directly to an''.

                           Subtitle D--Dairy

SEC. 1401. DAIRY MARGIN COVERAGE PRODUCTION HISTORY.

    (a) Definition.--Section 1401(8) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9051(8)) is amended by striking ``when the participating dairy 
operation first registers to participate in dairy margin coverage''.
    (b) Production History of Participating Dairy Operations.--Section 
1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Production History.--Except as provided in subsection (b), 
the production history of a dairy operation for dairy margin coverage 
is equal to the highest annual milk marketings of the participating 
dairy operation during any one of the 2021, 2022, or 2023 calendar 
years.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);
                    (B) by striking ``Operations'' in the subsection 
                heading and all that follows through ``In the case'' in 
                the matter preceding subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) 
                and inserting the following: ``Operations.--In the 
                case''; and
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, and indenting 
                appropriately.

SEC. 1402. PREMIUMS FOR DAIRY MARGINS.

    (a) Tier I.--Section 1407(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9057(b)) is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``5,000,000'' and inserting 
        ``6,000,000''; and
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5,000,000'' and 
        inserting ``6,000,000''.
    (b) Tier II.--Section 1407(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9057(c)) is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``5,000,000'' and inserting 
        ``6,000,000''; and
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5,000,000'' and 
        inserting ``6,000,000''.
    (c) Premium Discounts.--Section 1407(g) of the Agricultural Act of 
2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(g)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting 
                ``2025 through 2029''; and
                    (B) by striking ``January 2019'' and inserting 
                ``January 2025''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 1403. MANDATORY REPORTING OF DAIRY PRODUCT PROCESSING COSTS.

    Section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 
1637b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) for each manufacturer required to report 
                under subparagraph (A) for any product, require that 
                manufacturer to report production cost and product 
                yield information, as determined by the Secretary, for 
                all products processed in the same facility or 
                facilities.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting ``products 
                and'' after ``those'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Electronic Reporting'' and inserting ``Reporting'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking 
                        ``Electronic reporting'' and inserting 
                        ``Reporting''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``this section'' and 
                        inserting in its place ``subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) of subsection (b)(1)'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``this section'' 
                and inserting in its place ``subparagraphs (A) and (B) 
                of subsection (b)(1)''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Dairy product processing costs.--Not later than 3 
        years after the date of enactment of this paragraph, and every 
        2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall publish a report 
        containing the information obtained under subparagraph (C) of 
        subsection (b)(1).''.

SEC. 1404. CLASS I SKIM MILK PRICE.

    (a) In General.--Section 8c(5)(A) of the Agricultural Adjustment 
Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(5)(A)), reenacted with amendments by the 
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, is amended by striking 
the third sentence and inserting ``For the period beginning on the 
earlier of the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of 
the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 and the date on which 
the Announcement of Advanced Prices and Pricing Factors is first 
published after such date of enactment and ending on the effective date 
of a modification by amendment to the order involved, for purposes of 
determining prices for milk of the highest use classification, the 
Class I skim milk price per hundredweight specified in section 
1000.50(b) of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor 
regulations), shall be the sum of the adjusted Class I differential 
specified in section 1000.52 of such title 7 (or successor 
regulations), plus the adjustment to Class I prices specified in 
sections 1005.51(b), 1006.51(b), and 1007.51(b) of such title 7 (or 
successor regulations), plus the higher of the advanced pricing factors 
computed in sections 1000.50(q)(1) and 1000.50(q)(2) of such title 7 
(or successor regulations).''.
    (b) Implementation.--Implementation of the amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall not be subject to any of the following:
            (1) The notice and comment provisions of section 553 of 
        title 5, United States Code.
            (2) The notice and hearing requirements of section 8c(3) of 
        the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(3)), reenacted 
        with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 
        1937.
            (3) The order amendment requirements of section 8c(17) of 
        that Act (7 U.S.C. 608c(17)).
            (4) A referendum under section 8c(19) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 
        608c(19)).

SEC. 1405. EXTENSIONS.

    (a) Forward Pricing.--Section 1502 of the Food, Conservation, and 
Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8772) is amended by striking subsection 
(e).
    (b) Indemnity Program.--Section 3 of Public Law 90-484 (7 U.S.C. 
4553) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (c) Promotion and Research.--Section 113(e)(2) of the Dairy 
Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4504(e)(2)) is amended 
by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 1406. DAIRY REPORTS.

    Section 301 of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 
U.S.C. 4514) is amended by striking ``Not later'' and all that follows 
through ``an annual report,'' and inserting ``With respect to each 
calendar year beginning after the date of the enactment of the Farm, 
Food, and National Security Act of 2024, a report (which shall be 
submitted not later than 18 months after the last day of such calendar 
year)''.

   Subtitle E--Supplemental Agricultural Disaster Assistance Programs

SEC. 1501. LIVESTOCK INDEMNITY PAYMENT RATES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1501(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9081(b)) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Payment rates.--
                    ``(A) Losses due to predation.--Indemnity payments 
                to an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph 
                (1)(A) shall be made at a rate of 100 percent of the 
                market value of the affected livestock on the 
                applicable date, as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Losses due to adverse weather or disease.--
                Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm 
                under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) shall be 
                made at a rate of 75 percent of the market value of the 
                affected livestock on the applicable date, as 
                determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(C) Determination of market value.--The Secretary 
                shall determine the market value described in 
                paragraphs (A) and (B)--
                            ``(i) in coordination with the 
                        Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
                        Service;
                            ``(ii) using other appropriate resources, 
                        as determined by the Secretary; and
                            ``(iii) on a quarterly basis.
                    ``(D) Applicable date defined.--In this paragraph, 
                the term `applicable date' means, with respect to 
                livestock, as applicable--
                            ``(i) the day before the date of death of 
                        the livestock; or
                            ``(ii) the day before the date of the event 
                        that caused the harm to the livestock that 
                        resulted in a reduced sale price.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Additional payment for unborn livestock.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of unborn livestock 
                death losses incurred on or after January 1, 2024, the 
                Secretary shall make an additional payment to eligible 
                producers on farms that have incurred such losses in 
                excess of the normal mortality due to a condition 
                specified in paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Payment rate.--Additional payments under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be made at a rate--
                            ``(i) determined by the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) less than or equal to 85 percent of 
                        the payment rate established with respect to 
                        the lowest weight class of the livestock, as 
                        determined by the Secretary, acting through the 
                        Administrator of the Farm Service Agency.
                    ``(C) Payment amount.--The amount of a payment to 
                an eligible producer that has incurred unborn livestock 
                death losses shall be equal to the payment rate 
                determined under subparagraph (B) multiplied, in the 
                case of livestock described in--
                            ``(i) subparagraph (A), (B), or (F) of 
                        subsection (a)(4), by 1;
                            ``(ii) subparagraph (D) of such subsection, 
                        by 2;
                            ``(iii) subparagraph (E) of such 
                        subsection, by 12; and
                            ``(iv) subparagraph (G) of such subsection, 
                        by the average number of birthed animals (for 
                        one gestation cycle) for the species of each 
                        such livestock, as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(D) Unborn livestock death losses defined.--In 
                this paragraph, the term `unborn livestock death 
                losses' means losses of any livestock described in 
                subparagraph (A), (B), (D), (E), (F), or (G) of 
                subsection (a)(4) that was gestating on the date of the 
                death of the livestock.''.
    (b) Determination of Losses.--
            (1) Livestock indemnity program.--In determining livestock 
        death losses in excess of the normal mortality for purposes of 
        livestock indemnity payments under section 1501(b) of the 
        Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(b)), the Secretary 
        shall--
                    (A) with respect to eligible animal attacks by 
                animals or avian predators treat documentation showing 
                probability or confirmation of such an attack as 
                sufficient to qualify for a payment under such program; 
                and
                    (B) calculate normal mortality as the numerical 
                amount, computed by a percentage, as established for 
                the area by the Farm Service Agency State Committee, of 
                expected livestock deaths by category (except that such 
                amount shall not include attacks by animals 
                reintroduced into the wild by the Federal Government or 
                protected by Federal law, including wolves and avian 
                predators), that normally occur during a calendar year 
                for a producer.
            (2) Livestock forage program.--In determining grazing 
        losses for covered livestock under the livestock forage program 
        section under 1501(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
        9081(c)), the Secretary shall provide eligible livestock 
        producers not less than 90 days after the calendar year in 
        which such grazing losses occurred to submit a completed 
        application for assistance and the required supporting 
        documentation relating to such losses.
            (3) Revision of regulations.--The Secretary shall issue or 
        revise regulations in accordance with this section and the 
        amendment made by this section, including sections 1416.302 and 
        1416.305 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect 
        on the date of the enactment of this Act).
    (c) Codification of Bovine Weight Categories.--For purposes of 
determining payments under subsection (b) of section 1501 of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081) with respect to livestock 
described in subsection (a)(4)(A) of such section, the Secretary shall 
use the following:
            (1) Weight categories of either less than 400 pounds or 400 
        pounds or more.
            (2) Such other weight categories as the Secretary 
        determines appropriate, except that such weight categories may 
        only be set at an amount that is greater than 400 pounds.

SEC. 1502. EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE FOR HONEYBEES.

    In determining honeybee colony losses eligible for assistance under 
section 1501(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(d)), the 
Secretary shall review the normal mortality rate used for the 
calculation of such assistance and adjust such rate as necessary to not 
include losses caused by colony collapse disorder, as determined by the 
Secretary.

SEC. 1503. TREE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 1501(e)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 
2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or biennial'' after 
        ``annual''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or pest'' after 
        ``insect''.
    (b) Lowering Mortality Threshold.--Section 1501(e) of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``15 percent (adjusted 
        for normal mortality)'' and inserting ``normal mortality'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)(A)(i), by striking ``15 percent 
        mortality (adjusted for normal mortality)'' and inserting 
        ``normal mortality''; and
            (3) in paragraph (3)(B)--
                    (A) by striking ``50 percent'' and inserting ``65 
                percent''; and
                    (B) by striking ``15 percent damage or mortality 
                (adjusted for normal tree damage and mortality)'' and 
                inserting ``normal tree damage or mortality''.
    (c) Assistance.--Section 1501(e)(3) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 
(7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(3)) is amended in the matter before subparagraph (A) 
by striking ``and (5)'' and inserting ``, (5), and (6)''.
    (d) Requirements With Respect to Assistance.--Section 1501(e) of 
the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(6) Timing requirements.--An eligible orchardist or 
        nursery tree grower shall agree, as a condition on receipt of 
        assistance under this subsection, to replant new trees and 
        salvage existing trees for which such assistance is provided 
        not later than--
                    ``(A) 12 months after the application for such 
                assistance is approved; or
                    ``(B) if the period specified in subparagraph (A) 
                is not adequate for tree survival, at such time as is 
                necessary to ensure tree survival.
            ``(7) Alternatives used in replanting.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An eligible orchardist or 
                nursery tree grower receiving assistance under this 
                subsection with respect to tree loss may use such 
                assistance to replant using--
                            ``(i) an alternative variety;
                            ``(ii) an alternative stand density; and
                            ``(iii) an alternative location.
                    ``(B) Limitations with respect to alternatives.--
                The assistance provided by the Secretary to eligible 
                orchardists and nursery tree growers for losses 
                described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of 
                subparagraph (A), may not be greater than the amount 
                the eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower would 
                receive if the eligible orchardist or nursery tree 
                grower planted the variety or stand density lost or 
                planted in the location in which the loss occurred, as 
                applicable.''.
    (e) Deadline for Application Status.--Section 1501(e) of the 
Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9801(e)) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Deadline for application status.--Not later than 120 
        days after receiving an application for assistance under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) approve or deny such application; and
                    ``(B) notify the applicant of such approval or 
                denial.''.

SEC. 1504. ASSISTANCE IN THE FORM OF BLOCK GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle E of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9081 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1502. ASSISTANCE IN THE FORM OF BLOCK GRANTS.

    ``(a) In General.--In the case additional funds made available 
after the date of the enactment of this section for covered losses, the 
Secretary may make assistance for such losses available in the form of 
block grants.
    ``(b) Covered Losses.--In this section, the term `covered losses' 
means losses--
            ``(1) of revenue, quality, or production of crops, trees, 
        bushes, vines, poultry or livestock as a consequence of a 
        natural disaster (as determined by the Secretary); and
            ``(2) for which assistance is not available pursuant to any 
        other Federal law.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Agricultural 
Act of 2014 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
1501 the following:

``1502. Assistance in the form of block grants.''.

                       Subtitle F--Administration

SEC. 1601. SUSPENSION OF PERMANENT PRICE SUPPORT AUTHORITY.

    Section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 1602. IMPLEMENTATION.

    Section 1614 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9097) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking the period at 
                the end and adding ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) establish a system that provides producers the option 
        to repay a marketing assistance loan under section 1204 during 
        a lapse in appropriations regardless of whether an employee of 
        the Department is on furlough.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Farm, food, and national security act of 2024.--The 
        Secretary shall make available to the Farm Service Agency to 
        carry out titles I and XI of the Farm, Food, and National 
        Security Act of 2024 and the amendments made by those titles 
        $50,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which--
                    ``(A) $15,000,000 shall be used to carry out the 
                mandatory cost surveys required by paragraph (3) of 
                section 273(d) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 
                1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b(d)), as added by the Farm, Food, 
                and National Security Act of 2024;
                    ``(B) not less than $5,000,000 shall be used to 
                carry out paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of subsection 
                (b);
                    ``(C) $3,000,000 shall be used for activities 
                described in paragraph (3)(A); and
                    ``(D) $3,000,000 shall be used for activities 
                described in paragraph (3)(B).''.

SEC. 1603. EQUITABLE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN ENTITIES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 
U.S.C. 1308) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Qualified pass through entity.--The term `qualified 
        pass through entity' means--
                    ``(A) a partnership (within the meaning of 
                subchapter K of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code 
                of 1986);
                    ``(B) a limited liability company that does not 
                affirmatively elect to be treated as a corporation;
                    ``(C) an S corporation (as defined in section 1361 
                of such Code); or
                    ``(D) a joint venture or general partnership.''; 
                and
            (2) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking ``except a 
        joint venture or general partnership'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``except a qualified pass through entity''.
    (b) Attribution of Payments.--Section 1001(e)(3)(B)(ii) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(ii)) is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``joint ventures and 
        general partnerships'' and inserting ``qualified pass through 
        entities'';
            (2) by striking ``joint venture or a general partnership'' 
        and inserting ``qualified pass through entity'';
            (3) by striking ``joint ventures and general partnerships'' 
        and inserting ``qualified pass through entities''; and
            (4) by striking ``joint venture or general partnership'' 
        and inserting ``qualified pass through entity''.
    (c) Exclusion From AGI Calculation.--Section 1001D(d) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-3a(d)) is amended by striking ``, 
general partnership, or joint venture'' both places it appears.

SEC. 1604. PAYMENT LIMITATION.

    Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308) is 
further amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``The'' and inserting 
        ``Subject to subsection (i), the'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``The'' and inserting 
        ``Subject to subsection (i), the''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Limitations for Certain Operations.--
            ``(1) In general.--Beginning with the 2025 crop year, in 
        the case of a person or legal entity (except a qualified pass 
        through entity) for which greater than or equal to 75 percent 
        of the average adjusted gross income of such person or legal 
        entity derives from farming, ranching, or silviculture 
        activities, subsections (b) and (c) shall apply by substituting 
        `$155,000' for `$125,000' each place it appears.
            ``(2) Adjustment.--The Secretary shall annually adjust the 
        amount substituted under paragraph (1) for inflation based on 
        the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers published by 
        the Department of Labor.
            ``(3) Farming, ranching, or silviculture activities.--In 
        this subsection, the term `farming, ranching, or silviculture 
        activities' includes agri-tourism, direct-to-consumer marketing 
        of agricultural products, the sale of agricultural equipment 
        owned by such person or legal entity, and other agricultural-
        related activities, as determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 1605. ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME LIMITATION.

    Section 1001D(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308-
3a(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``paragraph (3)'' and 
        inserting ``paragraphs (3) and (4)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Exception.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of an excepted 
                payment or benefit, the limitation established by 
                paragraph (1) shall not apply to a person or legal 
                entity during a crop, fiscal, or program year, as 
                appropriate, if greater than or equal to 75 percent of 
                the average adjusted gross income of the person or 
                legal entity derives from farming, ranching, or 
                silviculture activities (as described in section 
                1001(i)).
                    ``(B) Excepted payment or benefit.--For purposes of 
                this paragraph, the term `excepted payment or benefit' 
                means--
                            ``(i) a payment or benefit under subtitle E 
                        of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
                        U.S.C. 9081 et seq.);
                            ``(ii) a payment or benefit under section 
                        196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and 
                        Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333); and
                            ``(iii) beginning October 1, 2024, a 
                        payment or benefit described in paragraph 
                        (2)(C).''.

SEC. 1606. STORAGE FACILITY LOANS.

    Section 1614(a) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 8789(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``funds for producers'' and inserting the 
        following: ``funds for--
            ``(1) producers''; and
            (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
        and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) producers to construct or upgrade storage facilities 
        for propane that is primarily used for agricultural production 
        (as such term is defined in section 4279.2 of title 7, Code of 
        Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of the enactment 
        of this paragraph)).''.

SEC. 1607. STRENGTHENING DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION SUPPLY CHAINS.

    Subtitle C of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 
113-79) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1302. STRENGTHENING DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION SUPPLY CHAINS.

    ``(a) In General.--With respect to any Federal policy that would 
impact the administration of this subtitle, the amendments made by this 
subtitle, or any rule, policy, or guidance issued pursuant to such 
subtitle or amendments, the preservation and strengthening of the 
domestic production described in subsection (b) shall be a priority 
objective of the President.
    ``(b) Domestic Production Described.--The domestic production 
described in this subsection is the production of an agricultural 
commodity--
            ``(1) covered under this subtitle or an amendment made by 
        this subtitle; and
            ``(2) from which a food ingredient that serves an important 
        function throughout the domestic food production supply chain 
        is derived.''.

SEC. 1608. LIMITATION ON CCC AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 5 of the Commodity Credit 
Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714c), during fiscal years 2025 
through 2034, the Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to use its 
general powers only to carry out operations as the Congress may 
specifically authorize or provide for.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) shall be 
construed to impact funds obligated before the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

                         TITLE II--CONSERVATION

                        Subtitle A--Definitions

SEC. 2001. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3801(a)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``subtitles A through I:'' and inserting ``subtitles A through 
        J:'';
            (2) in paragraph (14), by striking ``term `Indian tribe' 
        has the meaning given the term'' and inserting ``terms `Indian 
        tribe' and `Indian Tribe' have the meaning given those terms'';
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (20) through (27) as 
        paragraphs (22) through (29), respectively; and
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (19) the following:
            ``(20) Precision agriculture.--The term `precision 
        agriculture' means managing, tracking, or reducing crop or 
        livestock production inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer, 
        chemicals, water, and time, at a heightened level of spatial 
        and temporal granularity to improve efficiencies, reduce waste, 
        and maintain environmental quality.
            ``(21) Precision agriculture technology.--The term 
        `precision agriculture technology' means any technology 
        (including equipment that is necessary for the deployment of 
        such technology) that directly contributes to a reduction in, 
        or improved efficiency of, inputs used in crop or livestock 
        production, including--
                    ``(A) Global Positioning System-based or geospatial 
                mapping technology;
                    ``(B) satellite or aerial imagery technology;
                    ``(C) yield monitors;
                    ``(D) soil mapping technology;
                    ``(E) sensors for gathering data on crop, soil, or 
                livestock conditions;
                    ``(F) Internet of Things and telematics 
                technologies;
                    ``(G) data management software and advanced 
                analytics;
                    ``(H) network connectivity products and solutions;
                    ``(I) Global Positioning System guidance or auto-
                steer systems;
                    ``(J) variable rate technology for applying inputs, 
                such as section control; and
                    ``(K) any other technology, as determined by the 
                Secretary, that directly contributes to a reduction in, 
                or improved efficiency of, the use of crop or livestock 
                production inputs, which may include seed, feed, 
                fertilizer, chemicals, water, and time.''.

                Subtitle B--Conservation Reserve Program

SEC. 2101. DEFINITIONS.

    Subchapter B of chapter 1 of title XII of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) is amended by inserting before section 
1231 the following:

``SEC. 1230. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this subchapter:
            ``(1) Conservation buffer.--The term `conservation buffer' 
        means a practice that, once established, provides a benefit to 
        water quality or another resource concern, including--
                    ``(A) a grass sod waterway;
                    ``(B) a contour grass sod strip;
                    ``(C) a prairie strip;
                    ``(D) a filterstrip;
                    ``(E) a field border;
                    ``(F) a living snow fence;
                    ``(G) a riparian buffer;
                    ``(H) a shelterbelt or windbreak;
                    ``(I) a wetland or a wetland buffer (including a 
                buffer for prairie potholes, a playa, or a pocosin);
                    ``(J) a saturated buffer;
                    ``(K) a bioreactor;
                    ``(L) a wellhead protection area; and
                    ``(M) other similar practices, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
            ``(2) Conservation reserve plan.--The term `conservation 
        reserve plan' means a plan for land enrolled in the 
        conservation reserve under a contract entered into under this 
        subchapter that--
                    ``(A) covers the full term of the contract;
                    ``(B) details the practices to be implemented under 
                the contract and a schedule for establishment, 
                evaluation, and monitoring of the applicable vegetative 
                cover;
                    ``(C) prescribes and schedules management to be 
                conducted on the established cover throughout the term 
                of the contract;
                    ``(D) sets forth the commercial use, if any, to be 
                permitted on the land during the term of the contract; 
                and
                    ``(E) may be modified, with the approval of the 
                Secretary, when necessary to achieve the purposes of 
                the program.
            ``(3) Conservation reserve program.--The term `conservation 
        reserve program' means the conservation reserve program 
        established under this subchapter.
            ``(4) Continuous enrollment option.--The term `continuous 
        enrollment option' means the continuous enrollment option 
        offered under section 1231(d)(1)(B).
            ``(5) Eligible land.--The term `eligible land' means land 
        that is authorized to be included in the conservation reserve 
        program under section 1231(b).
            ``(6) Eligible partner.--The term `eligible partner' 
        means--
                    ``(A) a State;
                    ``(B) a political subdivision of a State;
                    ``(C) an Indian Tribe; or
                    ``(D) a nongovernmental organization.
            ``(7) General enrollment option.--The term `general 
        enrollment option' means the general enrollment option offered 
        under section 1231(d)(1)(A).
            ``(8) Grasslands enrollment option.--The term `grasslands 
        enrollment option' means the grasslands enrollment option 
        offered under section 1231(d)(1)(C).
            ``(9) Land capability class.--The term `land capability 
        class' means a soil classification assigned using the land 
        capability classification system in effect on December 23, 
        1985.
            ``(10) Partnership initiatives enrollment option.--The term 
        `partnership initiatives enrollment option' means the 
        partnership initiatives enrollment option offered under section 
        1231(d)(1)(D).''.

SEC. 2102. CONSERVATION RESERVE.

    (a) In General.--Section 1231(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831(a)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--Through the 2029 fiscal year, the Secretary 
shall formulate and carry out a conservation reserve program in each 
State, to the maximum extent practicable, under which eligible land is 
enrolled in the conservation reserve through the use of contracts to 
assist owners and operators of such land with the establishment and 
maintenance of permanent cover for the purposes of--
            ``(1) conserving and improving the soil, water, and 
        wildlife resources of such land; and
            ``(2) addressing resource concerns raised by Tribal, State, 
        regional, and national conservation initiatives.''.
    (b) Eligible Land.--Section 1231(b) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(b)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Eligible Land.--The Secretary may include in the conservation 
reserve program the following, in accordance with subsection (d)(1):
            ``(1) Cropland that--
                    ``(A)(i) on a field level, consists of not less 
                than 85 percent soils with a dryland cropland land 
                capability class of III through VII; or
                    ``(ii) cannot be farmed in accordance with a plan 
                that complies with the requirements of subtitle B; and
                    ``(B) the Secretary determines had a cropping 
                history or was considered to be planted for not fewer 
                than 4 of the 6 years preceding the date of enactment 
                of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024.
            ``(2) Cropland (including prairie potholes, playas, and 
        pocosins within cropland), grasslands, and marginal pasture 
        land (including marginal pastureland converted to wetland or 
        established as wildlife habitat) to be--
                    ``(A) devoted to conservation buffers;
                    ``(B) established to ecologically appropriate 
                vegetation, including trees, in or near riparian areas, 
                intermittent, seasonal, or perennial streams, wetlands 
                (including prairie potholes, playas, and pocosins), or 
                saline-impaired soils; or
                    ``(C) devoted to similar water quality or wildlife 
                habitat practices.
            ``(3) Grasslands that--
                    ``(A) contain forbs or shrubland (including 
                improved rangeland and pastureland) for which grazing 
                is the predominant use;
                    ``(B) are located in an area historically dominated 
                by grasslands; and
                    ``(C) could provide habitat for animal and plant 
                populations of significant ecological value if the land 
                is retained in its current use or restored to a natural 
                condition.
            ``(4) Land described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) that 
        will address significant water quality, water conservation, and 
        wildlife habitat concerns, as proposed by an eligible partner 
        and agreed to by the Secretary for purposes of section 1231A.
            ``(5) The portion of land in a field not enrolled in the 
        conservation reserve in a case in which--
                    ``(A) more than 50 percent of the land in the field 
                is enrolled as a buffer or filterstrip, or more than 75 
                percent of the land in the field is enrolled as a 
                conservation practice other than as a buffer or 
                filterstrip; and
                    ``(B) the Secretary determines that the remainder 
                of the field is infeasible to farm.''.
    (c) Planting Status of Certain Land.--Section 1231(c) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(c)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(c) Planting Status of Certain Land.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of determining the 
        eligibility of land to be enrolled in the conservation reserve 
        established under this subchapter, land shall be considered to 
        be planted to an agricultural commodity during a crop year if, 
        during the crop year, the land was devoted to a conserving use.
            ``(2) Multi-year grasses and legumes.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of this subchapter, 
                alfalfa and other multi-year grasses and legumes in a 
                rotation practice, approved by the Secretary, shall be 
                considered agricultural commodities.
                    ``(B) Cropping history.--Alfalfa, when grown as 
                part of a rotation practice, as determined by the 
                Secretary, is an agricultural commodity subject to the 
                cropping history criteria under subsection (b)(1)(B) 
                for the purpose of determining whether eligible 
                cropland has been planted or considered planted for 4 
                of the 6 years referred to in such subsection.''.
    (d) Enrollment.--Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831(d)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(d) Enrollment.--
            ``(1) Enrollment options.--The Secretary shall offer 
        enrollment in the conservation reserve under this subchapter 
        through the following enrollment options:
                    ``(A) A general enrollment option, for eligible 
                land described in subsection (b)(1).
                    ``(B) A continuous enrollment option, for eligible 
                land described in subsection (b)(2) and any associated 
                eligible land described in subsection (b)(5).
                    ``(C) A grassland enrollment option, for eligible 
                land described in subsection (b)(3).
                    ``(D) A partnership initiatives enrollment option, 
                for eligible land described in subsection (b)(4), and 
                any associated eligible land described in subsection 
                (b)(5), that is to be enrolled pursuant to an agreement 
                entered into under section 1231A(b).
            ``(2) Method of enrollment.--
                    ``(A) General enrollment option.--In enrolling 
                eligible land under the general enrollment option, the 
                Secretary shall make the conservation reserve program 
                available to owners or operators of eligible land on an 
                annual enrollment basis with one or more ranking 
                periods.
                    ``(B) Continuous enrollment option.--In enrolling 
                eligible land under the continuous enrollment option, 
                the Secretary shall make the conservation reserve 
                program available to owners or operators of eligible 
                land on a continuous basis.
                    ``(C) Grasslands enrollment option.--In enrolling 
                eligible land under the grasslands enrollment option, 
                the Secretary shall make the conservation reserve 
                program available to owners or operators of eligible 
                land on an annual enrollment basis with one or more 
                ranking periods.
                    ``(D) Partnership initiatives enrollment option.--
                In enrolling eligible land under the partnership 
                initiatives enrollment option, the Secretary shall make 
                the conservation reserve program available to owners or 
                operators of eligible land using the methods and 
                processes for enrollment described in the applicable 
                agreement under section 1231A(b)(2)(A).
            ``(3) Maximum acreage enrolled.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may maintain in 
                the conservation reserve at any one time during fiscal 
                years 2025 through 2029 not more than 27,000,000 acres.
                    ``(B) Grasslands.--For purposes of applying the 
                limitations in subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) the Secretary shall enroll and 
                        maintain in the conservation reserve not fewer 
                        than 8,000,000 acres of the land described in 
                        subsection (b)(3) by September 30, 2029; and
                            ``(ii) in carrying out clause (i), to the 
                        maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
                        maintain in the conservation reserve at any one 
                        time during--
                                    ``(I) fiscal year 2025, 6,000,000 
                                acres;
                                    ``(II) fiscal year 2026, 7,000,000 
                                acres; and
                                    ``(III) fiscal years 2027 through 
                                2029, 8,000,000 acres.''.
    (e) Term of Contract.--Section 1231(e) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(e)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(e) Term of Contract.--The term of a contract under this 
subchapter shall be--
            ``(1) 10 years for a contract entered into pursuant to the 
        general enrollment option or the grasslands enrollment option;
            ``(2) not fewer than 10 years nor more than 15 years, as 
        determined by the Secretary, for a contract entered into 
        pursuant to the continuous enrollment option or the partnership 
        initiatives enrollment option; and
            ``(3) notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), upon request 
        of the owner or operator of eligible land, not fewer than 10 
        years nor more than 30 years, as determined by the Secretary, 
        for a contract to enroll eligible land devoted to conservation 
        buffers that improve water quality by reducing sediment 
        loadings, nutrient loadings, and harmful algal blooms.''.
    (f) Conservation Priority Areas.--Section 1231(f) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(f)) is amended by striking 
paragraph (4).
    (g) Reenrollment; Provisions for Land Established to Trees.--
Section 1231 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831) is 
amended by striking subsections (g) through (i) and inserting the 
following:
    ``(g) Reenrollment.--
            ``(1) Eligibility for consideration.--During the final year 
        of the term of a contract entered into under this subchapter, 
        the land subject to the contract shall be eligible to be 
        considered for reenrollment in the conservation reserve in 
        accordance with paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Requirement.--The eligibility of land for 
        reenrollment in the conservation reserve shall be subject to 
        the land meeting the applicable requirements of subsection (b).
    ``(h) Provisions for Land Established to Trees.--
            ``(1) Restricted trees.--In this subsection, the term 
        `restricted tree' means a pine tree, other than a shortleaf 
        pine (Pinus echinata) or a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris).
            ``(2) Reenrollment.--
                    ``(A) Prohibition for restricted trees.--
                Notwithstanding subsection (g), land subject to a 
                contract entered into under this subchapter that is 
                established predominately to restricted trees is not 
                eligible to be considered for reenrollment in the 
                conservation reserve.
                    ``(B) Limitation on other trees.--Notwithstanding 
                subsection (g), land subject to a contract entered into 
                under this subchapter that is established predominately 
                to trees that are not restricted trees is eligible to 
                be considered for reenrollment in the conservation 
                reserve in accordance with such subsection only if the 
                land--
                            ``(i) is devoted to shelterbelts, riparian 
                        forest buffers, or trees of high conservation 
                        value, as determined by the Secretary; or
                            ``(ii) consists of forested wetlands.
            ``(3) Subsequent enrollment.--Land that has previously been 
        subject to a contract entered into under this subchapter, and 
        which was established predominately to restricted trees during 
        the term of such contract, may be subsequently enrolled in the 
        conservation reserve in accordance with subsection (d) only 
        if--
                    ``(A) the restricted trees have been harvested; and
                    ``(B) the new enrollment is for establishment of a 
                permanent cover other than restricted trees.''.

SEC. 2103. PARTNERSHIP INITIATIVES.

    (a) Partnership Initiatives.--Section 1231A of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a) is amended in the header by striking 
``conservation reserve enhancement program'' and inserting 
``partnership initiatives''.
    (b) In General.--Section 1231A(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831a(a)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish the conservation 
reserve enhancement program and the State acres for wildlife 
enhancement program under this subchapter in order to leverage Federal 
and non-Federal funds to--
            ``(1) target specific State, regional, or nationally 
        significant conservation concerns; and
            ``(2) restore critical wildlife habitat.''.
    (c) Agreements.--Section 1231A(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831a(b)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Agreements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may enter into or modify 
        an agreement with an eligible partner to carry out the 
        conservation reserve enhancement program or the State acres for 
        wildlife enhancement program, within a defined geographic 
        area--
                    ``(A) to assist in enrolling eligible land in the 
                conservation reserve under this subchapter; and
                    ``(B) that the Secretary determines will advance 
                the purposes of this subchapter.
            ``(2) Contents.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An agreement entered into or 
                modified under paragraph (1) shall describe--
                            ``(i) 1 or more specific State or 
                        nationally significant resource concerns to be 
                        addressed by the agreement;
                            ``(ii) quantifiable environmental goals for 
                        addressing the concerns under clause (i);
                            ``(iii) a suitable acreage goal for 
                        enrollment of eligible land under the 
                        agreement, as determined by the Secretary;
                            ``(iv) the location of eligible land to be 
                        enrolled in the project area identified under 
                        the agreement;
                            ``(v) the payments to be offered by the 
                        Secretary and eligible partner to an owner or 
                        operator;
                            ``(vi) an appropriate list of conservation 
                        reserve program conservation practices that are 
                        appropriate to meeting the concerns described 
                        under clause (i), as determined by the 
                        Secretary in consultation with eligible 
                        partners; and
                            ``(vii) methods and processes for 
                        enrollment of eligible land under the 
                        agreement, as determined by the Secretary in 
                        consultation with the eligible partner.
                    ``(B) CREP matching requirements.--An agreement 
                entered into or modified under paragraph (1) to carry 
                out the conservation reserve enhancement program 
                shall--
                            ``(i) subject to clause (ii), require the 
                        eligible partner to provide matching funds--
                                    ``(I) in an amount determined 
                                during a negotiation between the 
                                Secretary and 1 or more eligible 
                                partners, if the majority of the 
                                matching funds to carry out the 
                                agreement are provided by 1 or more 
                                eligible partners that are not 
                                nongovernmental organizations; or
                                    ``(II) in an amount not less than 
                                30 percent of the cost required to 
                                carry out the conservation measures and 
                                practices described in the agreement, 
                                if a majority of the matching funds to 
                                carry out the agreement are provided by 
                                1 or more nongovernmental 
                                organizations; and
                            ``(ii) include procedures to allow for a 
                        temporary waiver of the matching requirements 
                        under clause (i), or continued enrollment with 
                        a temporary suspension of incentives or 
                        eligible partner contributions for new 
                        agreements, during a period when an eligible 
                        partner loses the authority or ability to 
                        provide matching contributions, if the 
                        Secretary determines that the temporary waiver 
                        or continued enrollment with a temporary 
                        suspension will advance the purposes of this 
                        subchapter.''.
    (d) Payments.--Section 1231A(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831a(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``under a CREP'' and 
        inserting ``under a contract entered into pursuant to an 
        agreement under this section'';
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``under a CREP'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``under a contract entered into 
        pursuant to an agreement under this section'';
            (3) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``reserve'' 
                after ``consistent with the conservation''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``The amount 
                of payments received by'' and inserting ``The amount of 
                payments made by the Secretary to''.
    (e) Forested Riparian Buffer Practice.--Section 1231A(d) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(d)) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(d) Forested Riparian Buffer Practice.--In the case of an 
agreement under subsection (b)(1) that includes forested riparian 
buffers as an eligible practice, the Secretary shall allow an owner or 
operator--
            ``(1) to plant food-producing woody plants in the forested 
        riparian buffers, on the conditions that--
                    ``(A) the plants shall contribute to the 
                conservation of soil, water quality, and wildlife 
                habitat; and
                    ``(B) the planting shall be consistent with--
                            ``(i) recommendations of the applicable 
                        State technical committee established under 
                        section 1261(a); and
                            ``(ii) technical guide standards approved 
                        by the Natural Resources Conservation Service; 
                        and
            ``(2) to harvest from plants described in paragraph (1), on 
        the conditions that--
                    ``(A) the harvesting shall not damage the 
                conserving cover or otherwise have a negative impact on 
                the conservation concerns targeted by the agreement;
                    ``(B) only native plant species appropriate to the 
                region shall be used within 35 feet of the watercourse; 
                and
                    ``(C) the producer shall be subject to a reduction 
                in the rental rate commensurate to the value of the 
                crop harvested.''.
    (f) Drought and Water Conservation Agreements.--Section 1231A(e) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831a(e)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``In 
        the case of an agreement under subsection (b)(1) to address 
        regional drought concerns, in accordance with the conservation 
        purposes of the CREP'' and inserting ``In the case of an 
        agreement under the conservation reserve enhancement program to 
        address regional drought concerns, in accordance with the 
        conservation purposes of the agreement''; and
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``notwithstanding 
        subsection (a)(2)'' and inserting ``notwithstanding section 
        1230(4)''.
    (g) Status Report.--Section 1231A of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831a) is amended by striking subsection (f).

SEC. 2104. DUTIES OF OWNERS AND OPERATORS.

    Section 1232 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3832) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``a plan'' and 
                inserting ``a conservation reserve plan'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``highly erodible 
                cropland'' and inserting ``eligible land'';
                    (C) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) by striking ``undertake'' and inserting 
                        ``conduct''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``conservation plan'' and 
                        inserting ``conservation reserve plan''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (7), by inserting ``conservation 
                reserve'' before ``program''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (b) and redesignating subsection 
        (c) as subsection (b).

SEC. 2105. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

    (a) Cost-Share and Rental Payments.--Section 1233(a)(2)(A) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(a)(2)(A)) by striking 
``highly erodible cropland, marginal pastureland, or other eligible 
lands'' and inserting ``eligible land''.
    (b) Specified Activities Permitted.--Section 1233(b) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)--
                    (A) in subclause (I)(cc), by inserting 
                ``conservation reserve'' before ``program'';
                    (B) in subclause (II), by striking ``if payments 
                are authorized for a county under the livestock forage 
                disaster program under clause (ii) of section 
                1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
                9081(c)(3)(D))'' and inserting ``if an owner or 
                operator has received a payment under the livestock 
                forage disaster program under clause (ii) of section 
                1501(c)(3)(D) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 
                9081(c)(3)(D)) in the fiscal year during which the 
                emergency grazing is conducted''; and
                    (C) in subclause (V), by striking ``under 
                paragraphs (4) and (5) of section 1231(b)'' and 
                inserting ``under a contract entered into pursuant to 
                the continuous enrollment option or the partnership 
                initiatives enrollment option''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(B)(ii)--
                    (A) by amending subclause (I) to read as follows:
                                    ``(I) In general.--Except as 
                                provided in subclause (II), haying or 
                                grazing described in paragraph (1) 
                                shall not be permitted on land covered 
                                by a contract entered into pursuant to 
                                the partnership initiatives enrollment 
                                option.''; and
                    (B) in subclause (II), by striking ``conservation 
                reserve enhancement program agreement or other 
                partnership agreement entered into under this 
                subchapter'' and inserting ``agreement entered into 
                under section 1231A''.
    (c) Resource Conserving Use.--Section 1233(d) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833(d))--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Beginning on the date 
        that is 1 year before the date of termination of a contract 
        under the program'' and inserting ``During the final year of 
        the term of a contract entered into under this subchapter'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Conservation 
                plan'' and inserting ``Conservation reserve plan''; and
                    (B) by striking ``a conservation plan'' and 
                inserting ``a conservation reserve plan''; and
            (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Limitation.--Land improved under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) shall not be eligible to be considered for 
                reenrollment in the conservation reserve under section 
                1231(g), notwithstanding paragraph (1) of such section; 
                and
                    ``(B) may not be subsequently enrolled in the 
                conservation reserve before the date that is 5 years 
                after the date of expiration of the contract.''.
    (d) Natural Disaster or Adverse Weather as Mid-contract 
Management.--Section 1233(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3833(e)) is amended by inserting ``reserve'' after 
``conservation''.
    (e) Allocation to States.--Section 1233 of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3833) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Allocation to States.--The Secretary shall allocate acres to 
States for enrollment of eligible land in the conservation reserve 
under this subchapter, based--
            ``(1) primarily on the proportion of eligible land in each 
        State relative to the total acreage of eligible land in all 
        States; and
            ``(2) also on consideration of--
                    ``(A) historical State enrollment rates;
                    ``(B) the extent and magnitude in each State of the 
                conservation needs and of the impact of agricultural 
                production on water quality, water quantity, wetlands, 
                and wildlife habitat;
                    ``(C) the degree to which implementation of the 
                conservation reserve program in each State is, or will 
                be, effective in helping producers address such needs 
                and mitigate such impact; and
                    ``(D) equitable geographic distribution of acres, 
                as determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 2106. PAYMENTS.

    (a) Cost Sharing Payments.--Section 1234(b) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(b)) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--In making cost sharing payments to an 
        owner or operator under a contract entered into under this 
        subchapter, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent of the cost of, 
        as the Secretary determines appropriate and in the public 
        interest--
                    ``(A) establishing permanent vegetation, including 
                site preparation, cover, fertilizer, seeding, and 
                planting;
                    ``(B) carrying out erosion control practices 
                necessary to stabilize the site for vegetation 
                established under subparagraph (A);
                    ``(C) installing fencing to protect riparian areas 
                and buffers;
                    ``(D) carrying out water development practices 
                associated with excluding livestock from protected 
                riparian areas;
                    ``(E) installing fencing and carrying out water 
                development practices to facilitate transition to 
                livestock grazing on lands enrolled under the 
                grasslands enrollment option;
                    ``(F) conducting the necessary and appropriate mid-
                contract management activities to maintain the 
                permanent cover and associated benefits; and
                    ``(G) carrying out other water quality conservation 
                measures and practices.'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in the heading, by inserting ``or 
                        haying'' after ``grazing''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``for grazing livestock 
                        or harvesting hay'' before ``pursuant to''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``made by the 
                Secretary'' before ``under this subchapter'';
            (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``the conservation 
        reserve enhancement program under section 1231A'' and inserting 
        ``section 1231A''; and
            (4) by striking paragraph (4).
    (b) Incentive Payments.--Section 1234(c) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(c)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(c) Incentive Payments.--
            ``(1) Practice incentives for continuous practices.--In 
        addition to the cost sharing payment described in subsection 
        (b), the Secretary shall make a practice incentive payment to 
        an owner or operator of eligible land enrolled under the 
        continuous enrollment option, or of eligible land described in 
        section 1231(b)(2) (and any associated eligible land described 
        in section 1231(b)(5)) and enrolled under the partnership 
        initiatives enrollment option, in an amount not to exceed 50 
        percent of the actual cost of establishing all measures and 
        practices described in subsection (b)(1), including seed costs 
        related to the establishment of cover, as determined by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(2) Sign-up incentives for qualifying practices.--
                    ``(A) Authorization.--In addition to the annual 
                rental payment under subsection (d), the Secretary may 
                make an incentive payment to an owner or operator for 
                enrolling environmentally sensitive eligible land in 
                the conservation reserve to implement or establish a 
                qualifying practice.
                    ``(B) Payment.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) for purposes of subparagraph (A), 
                        establish an incentive payment amount for each 
                        contract with an owner or operator that does 
                        not exceed 50 percent of the first annual 
                        rental payment made to the owner or operator 
                        under subsection (d) for the eligible land; and
                            ``(ii) make any incentive payment under 
                        subparagraph (A) concurrent with such first 
                        annual rental payment.
                    ``(C) Qualifying practice.--In this paragraph, the 
                term `qualifying practice' means a practice the 
                implementation or establishment of which is appropriate 
                to encourage on environmentally sensitive eligible 
                land--
                            ``(i) as determined by the Secretary, in 
                        consultation with the applicable State 
                        technical committee, for environmentally 
                        sensitive eligible land enrolled under the 
                        continuous enrollment option; or
                            ``(ii) as identified in an agreement under 
                        section 1231A, for environmentally sensitive 
                        eligible land enrolled pursuant to such 
                        agreement.
            ``(3) Forest management incentive payments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Using funds made available under 
                section 1241(a)(1)(A), the Secretary may make incentive 
                payments to an owner or operator of eligible land in an 
                amount sufficient to encourage proper thinning and 
                other practices to improve the condition of resources, 
                promote forest management, or enhance wildlife habitat 
                on the land.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--A payment described in 
                subparagraph (A) may not exceed 100 percent of the 
                total cost of thinning and other practices conducted by 
                the owner or operator.
                    ``(C) Reduction.--The Secretary shall reduce the 
                amount of a payment under subparagraph (A) by an amount 
                that is equal to any income received by the owner or 
                operator as a result of the thinning or other practice, 
                as determined by the Secretary.''.
    (c) Annual Rental Payments.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1234(d)(1) of the Food Security 
        Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(1)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``highly erodible cropland or other 
                eligible lands'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``eligible land''; and
                    (B) by striking ``the program established by this 
                subchapter'' and inserting ``the conservation reserve 
                program''.
            (2) Methods of determination.--Section 1234(d)(2) of the 
        Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(2)) is amended--
                    (A) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(B) Multiple enrollments.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding 
                        subparagraph (A), if land subject to a contract 
                        entered into under this subchapter is 
                        reenrolled pursuant to section 1231(g), the 
                        annual rental payment shall be in an amount 
                        that is not more than the applicable percentage 
                        of the relevant county average soil rental rate 
                        for the year in which the reenrollment occurs 
                        (as determined under paragraph (4)(E)).
                            ``(ii) Applicable percentage.--For purposes 
                        of clause (i), the applicable percentage shall 
                        be--
                                    ``(I) for the first reenrollment 
                                that occurs after the date of enactment 
                                of the Farm, Food, and National 
                                Security Act of 2024, 85 percent; and
                                    ``(II) for each subsequent 
                                reenrollment, the percentage that is 10 
                                percentage points less than the 
                                percentage that was applicable to the 
                                preceding reenrollment.
                            ``(iii) Partnership initiatives.--The 
                        limitations on annual rental payments under 
                        clauses (i) and (ii) may be waived or modified 
                        as part of the negotiation between the 
                        Secretary and an eligible partner to enter into 
                        an agreement under section 1231A.'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``subparagraph 
                (A)'' and inserting ``subparagraphs (A) and (B)''; and
                    (C) by striking subparagraph (D).
            (3) Acceptance of contract offers.--Section 1234(d)(3) of 
        the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(3)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(A) Natural resource considerations.--In 
                determining the acceptability of contract offers, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) with the advice of the applicable 
                        State technical committee, take into 
                        consideration the extent to which enrollment of 
                        the land that is the subject of the contract 
                        offer would improve soil resources, water 
                        quality, or wildlife habitat or provide other 
                        environmental benefits; and
                            ``(ii) ensure, to the maximum extent 
                        practicable, an equitable balance among the 
                        conservation purposes of soil erosion, water 
                        quality, and wildlife habitat.'';
                    (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(B) Establishment of different criteria in 
                various states.--The Secretary, with the advice of the 
                applicable State technical committee, shall establish 
                different criteria for determining the acceptability of 
                contract offers in various States based on the extent 
                to which water quality or wildlife habitat may be 
                improved or erosion may be abated.'';
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                subparagraph (E); and
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Conservation priority areas.--In carrying out 
                this paragraph, the Secretary shall, to the extent 
                practicable, maximize water quality and habitat 
                benefits in conservation priority areas designated 
                under section 1231(f) by promoting a significant level 
                of enrollment of land within such areas in the 
                conservation reserve by--
                            ``(i) giving additional weight to 
                        applications for the enrollment of land within 
                        such areas that will maximize water quality and 
                        habitat benefits;
                            ``(ii) holding a signup and enrollment 
                        under the general enrollment option and the 
                        grasslands enrollment option specific to the 
                        designated areas; or
                            ``(iii) whatever other means the Secretary 
                        determines are appropriate and consistent with 
                        the purposes of this subchapter.
                    ``(D) Transition to grassland use.--In carrying out 
                this paragraph, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
                applicable State technical committee, shall give 
                priority to contract offers for enrollment under the 
                grasslands enrollment option for eligible land--
                            ``(i) that has previously been enrolled 
                        under the general enrollment option, the 
                        continuous enrollment option, or the 
                        partnership initiatives enrollment option;
                            ``(ii) with established cover that supports 
                        conservation objectives for a conservation 
                        priority area designated under section 1231(f); 
                        and
                            ``(iii) enrollment of which under the 
                        grasslands enrollment option will extend the 
                        protection of the established cover as an 
                        alternative to cropping.''.
            (4) Rental rates.--Section 1234(d)(4) of the Food Security 
        Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(d)(4)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``as a 
                factor'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) in the header, by striking ``fsa 
                        offices and crep'' and inserting ``offices 
                        and'';
                            (ii) by amending clause (i) to read as 
                        follows:
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall, 
                        prior to finalizing a new soil rental rate, 
                        provide a period of not fewer than 60 days for 
                        the County Operating Committees of the Farm 
                        Service Agency, State Committees of the Farm 
                        Service Agency, State conservationists, 
                        conservation districts, State technical 
                        committees established under section 1261(a), 
                        and eligible partners to review such rate and 
                        concur or propose an alternative soil rental 
                        rate, on the condition that documentation 
                        described in clause (ii) is provided to support 
                        the proposed alternative.'';
                            (iii) by redesignating clause (iii) as 
                        clause (iv); and
                            (iv) by inserting after clause (ii) the 
                        following:
                            ``(iii) Acceptance of alternative rates.--
                        The Secretary shall accept and finalize an 
                        alternative soil rental rate proposed in 
                        accordance with clause (i) unless the Secretary 
                        finds that such alternative rate is not 
                        appropriate, and publishes such finding on a 
                        publicly accessible website, including a 
                        justification for such finding.''; and
                    (C) by amending subparagraph (E) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(E) Rental rate limitation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The county average soil 
                        rental rate (before any adjustments relating to 
                        specific practices, wellhead protection, or 
                        soil productivity) shall not exceed--
                                    ``(I) for eligible land consisting 
                                of soils with a dryland cropland land 
                                capability class of I or II that is 
                                enrolled under the general enrollment 
                                option, 85 percent of the estimated 
                                rental rate determined under this 
                                paragraph;
                                    ``(II) for eligible land consisting 
                                of soils with a dryland cropland land 
                                capability class of III that is 
                                enrolled under the general enrollment 
                                option, 100 percent of the estimated 
                                rental rate determined under this 
                                paragraph;
                                    ``(III) for eligible land 
                                consisting of soils with a dryland 
                                cropland land capability class of IV 
                                through VII that is enrolled under the 
                                general enrollment option, 115 percent 
                                of the estimated rental rate determined 
                                under this paragraph; and
                                    ``(IV) for eligible land enrolled 
                                under the continuous enrollment option, 
                                100 percent of the estimated rental 
                                rate determined under this paragraph, 
                                without regard to the land capability 
                                class of the soil.
                            ``(ii) Partnership initiatives.--For 
                        eligible land enrolled under the partnership 
                        initiatives enrollment option, the county 
                        average soil rental rate (before any 
                        adjustments relating to specific practices, 
                        wellhead protection, or soil productivity) 
                        shall not exceed--
                                    ``(I) for eligible land consisting 
                                of soils with a dryland cropland land 
                                capability class of I or II, 85 percent 
                                of the estimated rental rate determined 
                                under this paragraph;
                                    ``(II) for eligible land consisting 
                                of soils with a dryland cropland land 
                                capability class of III, 100 percent of 
                                the estimated rental rate determined 
                                under this paragraph;
                                    ``(III) for eligible land 
                                consisting of soils with a dryland 
                                cropland land capability class of IV 
                                through VII, 115 percent of the 
                                estimated rental rate determined under 
                                this paragraph; and
                                    ``(IV) for eligible land that would 
                                otherwise be enrolled under the 
                                continuous enrollment option, 100 
                                percent of the estimated rental rate 
                                determined under this paragraph, 
                                without regard to the land capability 
                                class of the soil.''.
    (d) Payment Schedule.--Section 1234(e)(2) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(e)(2)) is amended by striking ``Payments'' and 
inserting ``As the Secretary determines appropriate, payments''.
    (e) Payment Limitation for Rental Payments.--Section 1234(g)(1) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3834(g)(1)) is amended by 
striking ``$50,000'' and inserting ``$125,000''.

SEC. 2107. CONTRACTS.

    (a) Ownership or Operation Requirements.--Section 1235(a) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``placing the land in 
        the program established by'' and inserting ``enrolling the land 
        in the conservation reserve under''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``agreement'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``contract''.
    (b) Sales or Transfers.--Section 1235(b)(3) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(b)(3)) is amended by striking ``program 
established by this subchapter'' and inserting ``conservation reserve 
program''.
    (c) Early Termination by Owner or Operator.--
            (1) Early termination.--Section 1235(e)(1)(A) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(1)(A)) is amended by 
        striking ``During fiscal year 2015, the'' and inserting 
        ``The''.
            (2) Certain land excepted.--Section 1235(e)(2) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(2)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                ``Filterstrips, waterways, strips adjacent to riparian 
                areas, windbreaks, and shelterbelts'' and inserting 
                ``Conservation buffers'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``an 
                erodibility index of more than 15'' and inserting ``a 
                dryland cropland land capability class of VI through 
                VII'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``, longleaf 
                pine, or shortleaf pine'' before ``trees'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``State acres 
                for wildlife enhancement,''; and
                    (E) in subparagraph (J), by striking ``under the 
                conservation reserve enhancement program'' and 
                inserting ``pursuant to section 1231A''.
            (3) Prorated cost recovery.--Section 1235(e)(4) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(4)) is amended--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Prorated rental 
                payment'' and inserting ``Prorations'';
                    (B) by striking ``If a contract'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) Prorated rental payment.--If a contract''; 
                and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Prorated cost recovery.--If a contract 
                entered into under this subchapter is terminated under 
                this subsection before the end of the contract term, 
                the Secretary shall require repayment of the portion of 
                the cost sharing payments received that is proportional 
                to the percentage of the years remaining in the 
                contract term on the date of the termination.''.
            (4) Renewed enrollment.--Section 1235(e)(5) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)(5)) is amended--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Renewed'' and 
                inserting ``Subsequent''; and
                    (B) by striking ``a subsequent bid to enroll the 
                land'' and inserting ``an application for subsequent 
                enrollment of the land''.
    (d) Transition Option for Certain Farmers or Ranchers.--
            (1) Transition to covered farmer or rancher.--Section 
        1235(f)(1)(C) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
        3835(f)(1)(C)) is amended by inserting ``reserve'' after 
        ``conservation''.
            (2) Reenrollment.--Section 1235(f)(2) of the Food Security 
        Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(f)(2)) is amended to read as 
        follows:
            ``(2) Reenrollment.--To the extent that the maximum number 
        of acres permitted to be enrolled under the conservation 
        reserve program has not been met, the Secretary shall approve 
        the first reenrollment requested by a covered farmer or rancher 
        pursuant to section 1231(g), subject to the requirements of 
        such section.''.
    (e) Drought and Emergency Grazing Assistance.--Section 1235 of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835) is further amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(i) Drought and Emergency Grazing Assistance.--The Secretary may 
allow an owner or operator to receive emergency cost-share assistance 
for livestock water facilities and grazing infrastructure through the 
emergency conservation program, authorized by section 402 of the 
Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2202), with respect to land 
enrolled in the conservation reserve, except that the Secretary shall 
ensure that there is no payment from the conservation reserve program 
for the same assistance.''.

          Subtitle C--Environmental Quality Incentives Program

SEC. 2201. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1240A(6)(B)(v) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839aa-1(6)(B)(v)) is amended by inserting ``(including the adoption of 
precision agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision 
agriculture technology)'' after ``planning''.

SEC. 2202. ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Establishment.--Section 1240B(a) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(a)) is amended by striking ``2031'' and 
inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Payments.--
            (1) Other payments.--Section 1240B(d)(6) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)(6)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``A producer shall'' and inserting 
                the following:
                    ``(A) Payments under this subtitle.--A producer 
                shall''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Conservation loan and loan guarantee program 
                payments.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A producer receiving 
                        payments for practices on eligible land under 
                        the program may also receive a loan or loan 
                        guarantee under section 304 of the Consolidated 
                        Farm and Rural Development Act to cover costs 
                        for the same practices on the same land.
                            ``(ii) Notice to producer.--The Secretary 
                        shall inform a producer participating in the 
                        program in writing that they may apply to 
                        receive a loan or loan guarantee under section 
                        304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
                        Development Act as it relates to costs of 
                        implementing practices under this program.''.
            (2) Increased payments for high-priority practices.--
        Section 1240B(d)(7) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
        3839aa-2(d)(7)) is amended--
                    (A) in the paragraph heading, by inserting ``state-
                determined'' before ``high-priority''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (iii), by striking ``or'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) in clause (iv), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) increases carbon sequestration or 
                        reduces greenhouse gas emissions, including 
                        emissions of methane and nitrous oxide.''.
            (3) Increased payments for precision agriculture.--Section 
        1240B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
        2(d)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Increased payments for precision agriculture 
        practices.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the Secretary may 
        increase the amount that would otherwise be provided for a 
        practice under this subsection to not more than 90 percent of 
        the costs associated with adopting precision agriculture 
        practices and acquiring precision agriculture technology for 
        the purpose of implementing conservation practices.''.
    (c) Allocation of Funding.--Section 1240B(f) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``2031'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (d) Water Conservation or Irrigation Efficiency Practice.--Section 
1240B(h)(1) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; or'' and inserting 
        a semicolon;
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) the adoption of precision agriculture 
                practices or the acquisition of precision agriculture 
                technology to achieve water conservation and energy 
                efficiency.''.
    (e) Payments for Conservation Practice Related to Organic 
Production.--Section 1240B(i)(3)(A)(ii) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(i)(3)(A)(ii)) is amended by striking ``2019 
through 2023, $140,000'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029, $200,000''.
    (f) Conservation Incentive Contracts.--Section 1240B(j)(2)(A)(i) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(j)(2)(A)(i)) is 
amended by inserting ``(which may include the adoption of precision 
agriculture practices and the acquisition of precision agriculture 
technology)'' after ``incentive practices''.
    (g) Southern Border Initiative.--Section 1240B of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(k) Southern Border Initiative.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide payments 
        under the program to producers to implement conservation 
        practices on covered lands of such producers that address and 
        repair covered damage that may contribute to a natural resource 
        concern or problem.
            ``(2) Contract term.--In the case of a contract under the 
        program entered into for the implementation of practices 
        described in paragraph (1), such contract shall have a term of 
        1 year.
            ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Covered damage.--The term `covered damage' 
                means damage to agricultural land or farming 
                infrastructure.
                    ``(B) Covered land.--The term `covered land' means 
                eligible land in a county at or near the southern 
                border of the United States, as determined by the 
                Secretary.''.

SEC. 2203. LIMITATION ON PAYMENTS.

    Section 1240G of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7) 
is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 
through 2029''.

SEC. 2204. CONSERVATION INNOVATION GRANTS AND PAYMENTS.

    (a) Competitive Grants for Innovative Conservation Approaches.--
Section 1240H(a) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Grants.--Out of the funds made available to carry out 
        this subchapter, the Secretary may award competitive grants 
        that are intended to stimulate development and evaluation of 
        new and innovative approaches to leveraging the Federal 
        investment in environmental enhancement and protection, in 
        conjunction with agricultural production or forest resource 
        management, through the program, including grants for the 
        development and evaluation of new and innovative technologies 
        that may be incorporated into conservation practice 
        standards.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(H), by inserting before the period 
        ``(including precision agriculture practices and precision 
        agriculture technologies)''.
    (b) Air Quality Concerns From Agricultural Operations.--Section 
1240H(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(b)(2)) 
is amended by striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (c) On-Farm Conservation Innovation Trials.--Section 1240H(c) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B)(i)--
                    (A) in subclause (VI), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end; and
                    (B) by inserting after subclause (VII) the 
                following:
                                    ``(VIII) perennial production 
                                systems, including agroforestry and 
                                perennial forages and grain crops; 
                                and''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2031'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.
    (d) Reporting and Database.--Section 1240H(d)(2)(A) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-8(d)(2)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (i)--
                    (A) by inserting ``, including both management and 
                structural conservation practices,'' after 
                ``conservation practices''; and
                    (B) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii);
            (3) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
                            ``(ii) data that may be used to evaluate 
                        new and emerging technologies and 
                        recommendations for State and regional 
                        applications of such new and emerging 
                        technologies; and''; and
            (4) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, by inserting ``for 
        consideration under the streamlined process developed under 
        section 1242(h)(3)'' before the period at the end.

              Subtitle D--Conservation Stewardship Program

SEC. 2301. CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.

    Section 1240J(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839aa-22(a)) is amended by striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 2302. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

    (a) Conservation Stewardship Payments.--Section 1240L(c) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting before the period 
        ``(including increased costs associated with planning and 
        adopting precision agriculture conservation activities and 
        acquiring precision agriculture technology)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Minimum payment.--The amount of an annual payment 
        under the program shall be not less than $2,500.''.
    (b) Supplemental Payments for Resource-Conserving Crop Rotations 
and Advanced Grazing Management.--Section 1240L(d) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(d)) is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``and Advanced 
        Grazing Management'' and inserting ``, Advanced Grazing 
        Management, and Precision Agriculture'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; or'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) precision agriculture conservation 
                activities.''; and
            (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``or advanced grazing 
        management'' and inserting ``, advanced grazing management, or 
        precision agriculture conservation activities''.
    (c) Payment Limitations.--Section 1240L(f) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(f)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 
2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.
    (d) Organic Certification.--Section 1240L(h)(2)(A) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(h)(2)(A)) is amended by 
striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 2303. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.

    Subchapter B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

``SEC. 1240L-2. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible indian tribe.--The term `eligible Indian 
        Tribe' means an Indian Tribe that is--
                    ``(A) implementing a soil health program for the 
                area over which the Indian Tribe has jurisdiction; and
                    ``(B) meeting or exceeding performance measures 
                established by the Indian Tribe for the soil health 
                program.
            ``(2) Eligible state.--The term `eligible State' means a 
        State that is--
                    ``(A) implementing a soil health program for the 
                State; and
                    ``(B) meeting or exceeding performance measures 
                established by the State for the soil health program.
            ``(3) Soil health program.--The term `soil health program' 
        means a program to improve soil health on agricultural land 
        that--
                    ``(A) is broadly consistent with the soil health 
                principles of the Natural Resources Conservation 
                Service, as determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) may include--
                            ``(i) technical assistance;
                            ``(ii) financial assistance;
                            ``(iii) on-farm research and demonstration;
                            ``(iv) education, outreach, and training;
                            ``(v) monitoring and evaluation; or
                            ``(vi) such other components as the 
                        Secretary determines appropriate.
    ``(b) Availability and Purpose of Grants.--For fiscal years 2025 
through 2029, the Secretary shall make grants to eligible States and 
eligible Indian Tribes for the purpose of improving soil health on 
agricultural lands through the implementation of State and Tribal soil 
health programs.
    ``(c) Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--To receive a grant under this section, 
        an eligible State or eligible Indian Tribe shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such a manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary shall require, 
        which shall include--
                    ``(A) a description of performance measures to be 
                used to evaluate the State or Tribal soil health 
                program and the results of any activities carried out 
                using grant funds received under this section; and
                    ``(B) an assurance that grant funds received under 
                this section will supplement the expenditure of State 
                or Tribal funds in support of soil health, rather than 
                replace such funds.
            ``(2) Tribal option.--An Indian Tribe shall have the 
        option, at the sole discretion of the Indian Tribe, to be 
        incorporated into the application of an eligible State.
    ``(d) Priority.--In making grants under this section, the Secretary 
shall give priority to eligible States and eligible Indian Tribes with 
a climate action plan that includes soil health, as determined by the 
Secretary.
    ``(e) Grants.--
            ``(1) Amount.--The amount of a grant to an eligible State 
        or eligible Indian Tribe under this section for a fiscal year 
        may not exceed the lower of--
                    ``(A) $5,000,000; or
                    ``(B) as applicable--
                            ``(i) 50 percent of the cost of 
                        implementing the State soil health program in 
                        the fiscal year; or
                            ``(ii) 75 percent of the cost of 
                        implementing the Tribal soil health program in 
                        the fiscal year.
            ``(2) Term.--A grant under this section shall be for 1 
        year, and may be renewed annually.
    ``(f) Audits and Reviews.--An eligible State or eligible Indian 
Tribe receiving a grant under this section shall submit to the 
Secretary--
            ``(1) for each year for which the State or Indian Tribe 
        receives such a grant, the results of an audit of the 
        expenditures of the grant funds; and
            ``(2) at such intervals as the Secretary shall establish, a 
        review and evaluation of the State or Tribal soil health 
        program.
    ``(g) Effect of Noncompliance.--If the Secretary, after reasonable 
notice to an eligible State or eligible Indian Tribe receiving a grant 
under this section, finds that the State or Indian Tribe has failed to 
comply with the terms of the grant, the Secretary may disqualify, for 1 
or more years, the State or Indian Tribe from receipt of future grants 
under this section.
    ``(h) Funding.--Of the funds made available to carry out this 
subchapter, $100,000,000 shall be available in each of fiscal years 
2025 through 2029 to carry out this section.
    ``(i) Administration.--
            ``(1) Department.--The Secretary may not use more than 3 
        percent of the funds made available to carry out this section 
        for a fiscal year for administrative expenses.
            ``(2) States or indian tribes.--An eligible State or 
        eligible Indian Tribe receiving a grant under this section may 
        not use more than 7 percent of the granted funds for a fiscal 
        year for administrative expenses.''.

                Subtitle E--Other Conservation Programs

SEC. 2401. CONSERVATION OF PRIVATE GRAZING LAND.

    Section 1240M(e) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839bb) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 2402. FERAL SWINE ERADICATION AND CONTROL PROGRAM.

    (a) Feral Swine Eradication and Control Program.--Chapter 5 of 
subtitle D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) 
is amended by inserting after section 1240M the following:

``SEC. 1240N. FERAL SWINE ERADICATION AND CONTROL PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a feral swine 
eradication and control program (in this section referred to as the 
`program') to respond to the threat feral swine pose to agriculture, 
native ecosystems, and human and animal health.
    ``(b) Duties of the Secretary.--In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary shall--
            ``(1) study and assess the nature and extent of damage to 
        the threatened areas caused by feral swine;
            ``(2) develop methods to eradicate or control feral swine 
        in the threatened areas;
            ``(3) develop methods to restore damage caused by feral 
        swine; and
            ``(4) provide financial assistance to agricultural 
        producers in threatened areas.
    ``(c) Assistance.--The Secretary may provide financial assistance 
to agricultural producers under the program to implement methods to--
            ``(1) eradicate or control feral swine in the threatened 
        areas; and
            ``(2) restore damage caused by feral swine.
    ``(d) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure that the Natural 
Resources Conservation Service and the Animal and Plant Health 
Inspection Service coordinate for purposes of this section through 
State technical committees established under section 1261(a).
    ``(e) Cost Sharing.--
            ``(1) Federal share.--The Federal share of the costs of 
        activities under the program may not exceed 75 percent of the 
        total costs of such activities.
            ``(2) In-kind contributions.--The non-Federal share of the 
        costs of activities under the program may be provided in the 
        form of in-kind contributions of materials or services.
    ``(f) Threatened Area Defined.--In this section, the term 
`threatened area' means an area of a State in which feral swine have 
been identified as a threat to agriculture, native ecosystems, or human 
and animal health, as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(g) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds made available under 
        section 1241(a)(3)(A), the Secretary shall use to carry out 
        this section $150,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 
        through 2029.
            ``(2) Distribution of funds.--Of the funds made available 
        under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) 40 percent shall be allocated to the Natural 
                Resources Conservation Service to carry out the 
                program, including the provision of financial 
                assistance to producers for on-farm trapping and 
                technology related to capturing and confining feral 
                swine; and
                    ``(B) 60 percent shall be allocated to the Animal 
                and Plant Health Inspection Service to carry out the 
                program, including the use of established, and testing 
                of innovative, population reduction methods.
            ``(3) Limitation on administrative expenses.--Not more than 
        10 percent of funds made available under this section may be 
        used for administrative expenses of the program.''.
    (b) Repeal.--Section 2408 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 
2018 (7 U.S.C. 8351 note) is repealed.
    (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is amended by striking the item 
relating to section 2408.

SEC. 2403. GRASSROOTS SOURCE WATER PROTECTION PROGRAM.

    Section 1240O(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839bb-2(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) of the funds made available under section 
                1241(a)(3)(A), $1,000,000 beginning in fiscal year 
                2025, to remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 2404. VOLUNTARY PUBLIC ACCESS AND HABITAT INCENTIVE PROGRAM.

    Section 1240R(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3839bb-5(f)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(f) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds made available under 
        section 1241(a)(3)(A), the Secretary shall use to carry out 
        this section $150,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 
        through 2029.
            ``(2) Enhanced public access to wetland reserve 
        easements.--To the maximum extent practicable, of the funds 
        made available under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall use 
        $3,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to 
        encourage public access to land covered by wetland reserve 
        easements under section 1265C through agreements with States 
        and Tribal governments under this section.''.

SEC. 2405. WATERSHED PROTECTION AND FLOOD PREVENTION ACT.

    (a) Assistance to Local Organizations.--
            (1) In general.--Section 3(a) of the Watershed Protection 
        and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1003(a)) is amended by 
        redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7) and inserting 
        after paragraph (5) the following:
            ``(6) to provide technical and financial assistance for 
        remedial actions in accordance with subsection (c); and''.
            (2) Assistance for remedial actions; streamlining.--Section 
        3 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 
        U.S.C. 1003) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Assistance for Remedial Actions.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (a)(6), the 
        Secretary may provide technical and financial assistance to 
        local organizations for remedial actions for a completed work 
        of improvement installed under this Act with respect to which--
                    ``(A) deterioration of a structural component of 
                the work of improvement is occurring at an abnormal 
                rate, including situations in which such deterioration 
                is due to a design deficiency or to site conditions 
                that were unknown at the time of installation of the 
                work of improvement;
                    ``(B) the planned service life of the work of 
                improvement exceeds the service life of a structural 
                component of such work of improvement; or
                    ``(C) structural damage to such work of 
                improvement, or to a structural component of such work 
                of improvement, was caused by a storm event that 
                exceeded the maximum storm event for which the work of 
                improvement was designed.
            ``(2) Cost share.--Financial assistance provided under this 
        subsection shall be provided in accordance with the cost-share 
        rate established in the agreement with the local organization 
        for the work of improvement.
    ``(d) Streamlining.--The Secretary shall, on an ongoing basis--
            ``(1) engage with relevant Federal agencies to reduce or 
        eliminate regulatory, policy, or procedural barriers to timely 
        provision of assistance under this Act;
            ``(2) provide for streamlined procedures relating to 
        coordination with other Federal or State agencies for required 
        reviews and permitting of projects pursuant to this Act, and 
        ensure such procedures are commensurate with the size and scale 
        of the projects;
            ``(3) conduct an assessment of internal Department of 
        Agriculture planning, technical support, and approvals to 
        determine best practices to be used for the purpose of 
        maximizing the decisionmaking authority of State 
        conservationists with respect to approvals required for 
        projects under this Act; and
            ``(4) prioritize the use of agreements and contracting 
        authorities under this Act to provide funding to local 
        organizations for the planning, design, and construction of 
        works of improvement.''.
    (b) Data.--Section 13 of the Watershed Protection and Flood 
Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1010) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 13. DATA.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall collect and maintain, and 
make publicly available--
            ``(1) data, on a national and State-by-State basis, 
        concerning--
                    ``(A) expenditures for the individual flood control 
                and conservation measures for which assistance is 
                provided under this Act; and
                    ``(B) the expected flood control or environmental 
                (including soil erosion) benefits that will result from 
                the implementation of such measures; and
            ``(2) data, with respect to each project for which 
        assistance is provided under this Act, concerning--
                    ``(A) total allocated and expended funds for 
                planning, design, construction, remedial actions, and 
                rehabilitation; and
                    ``(B) contracts and agreements entered into by the 
                Secretary with a local organization to provide 
                services, including--
                            ``(i) the services provided through such 
                        contracts and agreements;
                            ``(ii) the total funds allocated to such 
                        contracts and agreements; and
                            ``(iii) any modifications or adjustments 
                        made to such contracts and agreements.
    ``(b) Prohibition.--The Secretary may not make publicly available 
under this section an agreement entered into with an individual 
landowner, operator, or occupier under this Act, or any disaggregated 
information that identifies such individual landowner, operator, or 
occupier.''.
    (c) Rehabilitation of Structural Measures Near, at, or Past Their 
Evaluated Life Expectancy.--
            (1) Cost share assistance for rehabilitation.--Section 
        14(b) of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 
        U.S.C. 1012(b)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``65 percent'' 
                and inserting ``90 percent''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Relation to requirements of authorized projects.--A 
        rehabilitation project for which assistance is provided under 
        this section shall not be subject to--
                    ``(A) the requirement under section 2 that a 
                project contain benefits directly related to 
                agriculture, including rural communities, that account 
                for at least 20 percent of the total benefits of the 
                project; or
                    ``(B) section 4(5).''.
            (2) Funding.--Section 14(h)(2)(E) of the Watershed 
        Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012(h)(2)(E)) 
        is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (d) Funding.--Section 15 of the Watershed Protection and Flood 
Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012a) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019'' and 
        inserting ``$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''; and
            (2) by inserting before the period at the end ``, to remain 
        available until expended''.

SEC. 2406. EMERGENCY CONSERVATION PROGRAM.

    Section 401 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2201) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Other Emergency Conservation Measures'' after 
                ``Fencing''; and
                    (B) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--With respect to a payment to an 
        agricultural producer under subsection (a) for the repair or 
        replacement of fencing, or for other emergency measures to 
        rehabilitate farmland or to repair or replace a farmland or 
        conservation structure, the Secretary shall give the 
        agricultural producer the option of receiving--
                    ``(A) before carrying out such replacement or 
                rehabilitation, not more than 75 percent of the payment 
                for such replacement or rehabilitation, which shall be 
                based on the fair market value of the replacement or 
                rehabilitation, as determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) before carrying out such repair, not more 
                than 50 percent of the payment for such repair, which 
                shall be based on the fair market value of the repair, 
                as determined by the Secretary.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Wildfires.--A wildfire that causes damage with respect to 
which a payment may be made under subsection (a) includes any wildfire 
that is not caused naturally, including a wildfire that is caused by 
the Federal Government, if the damage is caused by the spread of the 
fire due to natural causes.''.

SEC. 2407. EMERGENCY WATERSHED PROGRAM.

    (a) Floodplain Easements.--Section 403(b) of the Agricultural 
Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203(b)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs 
        (5) and (6);
            (2) by inserting after the subsection header the following:
            ``(1) Easement restoration.--The Secretary is authorized to 
        restore appropriate vegetative cover, hydrological functions, 
        and other functions and values of the land subject to a 
        floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a).
            ``(2) Easement maintenance.--The Secretary is authorized to 
        monitor, maintain, and enhance appropriate vegetative cover, 
        hydrological restoration measures, and other restoration 
        measures on land subject to a floodplain easement acquired 
        under subsection (a).
            ``(3) Contracts and agreements.--In carrying out paragraphs 
        (1) and (2), the Secretary may--
                    ``(A) enter into contracts with landowners; and
                    ``(B) enter into agreements with States, 
                nongovernmental organizations, and Indian Tribes.
            ``(4) Compatible use authority.--The Secretary may 
        authorize a landowner to carry out activities on land subject 
        to a floodplain easement acquired under subsection (a) that 
        are--
                    ``(A) compatible uses necessary to carry out 
                paragraph (1) or (2); or
                    ``(B) compatible economic uses (including such 
                activities as hunting and fishing, managed timber 
                harvest, water management, or periodic haying or 
                grazing) if such uses are consistent with the long-term 
                protection of the floodplain functions and values for 
                which the easement was acquired.''; and
            (3) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph (5)'' each place it 
        appears.
    (b) Level of Restoration.--Section 403 of the Agricultural Credit 
Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2203) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(c) Level of Restoration.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary may undertake measures that increase the level of protection 
above that which would be necessary to address the immediate impairment 
of the watershed if the Secretary determines that such restoration is 
in the best interest of the long-term health of the watershed and the 
long-term protection of the watershed from repetitive impairments.''.

SEC. 2408. NATIONAL AGRICULTURE FLOOD VULNERABILITY STUDY.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry of the Senate a national agriculture flood vulnerability 
report containing the results of a Conservation Effects Assessment 
Project assessment of flood risk on agricultural lands, including--
            (1) an analysis of economic losses of crops and livestock 
        resulting from flooding under different recurrence scenarios;
            (2) an analysis of the downstream effects of mitigation 
        activities carried out as part of a watershed management 
        approach;
            (3) an analysis of available Federal and State data 
        relating to flood risk, as applicable to agricultural land, 
        including data relating to riverine flooding, coastal flooding, 
        storm surge, extreme precipitation, and flash flooding; and
            (4) a description of ongoing producer-level conservation 
        practices and broader government initiatives to manage the 
        effects of flooding and flood risk within and across 
        watersheds, and recommendations for additional practices and 
        initiatives to further address such effects and risk.

                 Subtitle F--Funding and Administration

SEC. 2501. COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

    (a) Annual Funding.--Section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``2031'' and inserting ``2029'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``2019 through 
                2023 to provide payments under section 1234(c)'' and 
                inserting ``2025 through 2029 to provide payments under 
                section 1234(c)(3)''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``2019 through 
                2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029'';
            (3) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A) through 
        (F) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(B) $625,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(C) $650,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(D) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                    ``(E) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.'';
            (4) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking clauses (i) 
                through (v) and inserting the following:
                            ``(i) $2,400,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                            ``(ii) $2,600,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                            ``(iii) $2,800,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2027;
                            ``(iv) $3,100,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $3,120,000,000 for fiscal year 2029; 
                        and''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking clauses (i) 
                through (v) and inserting the following:
                            ``(i) $1,275,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                            ``(ii) $1,300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                            ``(iii) $1,325,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2027;
                            ``(iv) $1,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $1,375,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2029.''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) The forest conservation easement program under 
        subtitle I, using, to the maximum extent practicable--
                    ``(A) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(B) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(C) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(D) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                    ``(E) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
            ``(6) The regional conservation partnership program under 
        subtitle J, using, to the maximum extent practicable--
                    ``(A) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(B) $425,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(C) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(D) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                    ``(E) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.''.
    (b) Availability of Funds.--Section 1241(b) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(b)) is amended by striking ``2031'' and 
inserting ``2029''.
    (c) Regional Equity.--Section 1241(e)(1) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``subtitle I'' 
and inserting ``subtitle J''.
    (d) Acceptance and Use of Contributions for Public-Private 
Partnerships.--Section 1241(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3841(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (6)(A)(ii), by inserting ``of'' before 
        ``any terms'';
            (2) in paragraph (8), in the matter preceding subparagraph 
        (A), by striking ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (3) in paragraph (9)--
                    (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(A) subtitle D (except for subchapter B of 
                chapter 1 of such subtitle), subtitle H, subtitle I, or 
                subtitle J;'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the semicolon 
                and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by striking subparagraph (C).
    (e) Assistance to Certain Farmers or Ranchers for Conservation 
Access.--Section 1241(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3841(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``2031'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2031'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.
    (f) Report on Program Enrollments and Assistance.--Section 1241(i) 
of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(i)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2024 through 2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``section 
        1265B(b)(2)(B)(ii)'' and inserting ``section 
        1265B(b)(2)(A)(iii)''.

SEC. 2502. RESCISSIONS.

    The unobligated balances of amounts made available by the following 
provisions of Public Law 117-169 (136 Stat. 2015-2016) are hereby 
rescinded:
            (1) Clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of section 
        21001(a)(1)(A).
            (2) Clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of section 
        21001(a)(2)(A).
            (3) Subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of section 21001(a)(3).
            (4) Clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of section 
        21001(a)(4)(A).

SEC. 2503. DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 1242(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3842(a)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Non-federal certifying entity.--The term `non-Federal 
        certifying entity' means a non-Federal entity, an Indian Tribe, 
        or a State agency described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of 
        subsection (e)(4) that has entered into an agreement under 
        subsection (e)(5)(D).''.
    (b) Purpose of Technical Assistance.--Section 1242(b) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(b)) is amended by inserting 
``timely,'' after ``consistent,''.
    (c) Non-Federal Assistance.--Section 1242(d) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(d)) is amended by inserting ``(including 
private sector entities)'' after ``Department or non-Federal 
entities''.
    (d) Certification of Third-Party Providers.--Section 1242(e) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Food, Conservation, and 
        Energy Act of 2008'' and inserting ``Farm, Food, and National 
        Security Act of 2024'';
            (2) by amending paragraph (3)(A) to read as follows:
                    ``(A) ensure that persons (including commercial 
                entities, nonprofit entities, State or local 
                governments or agencies, and other Federal agencies) 
                with expertise in the technical aspects of conservation 
                planning, watershed planning, environmental 
                engineering, conservation practice design, 
                implementation, and evaluation, and any other technical 
                skills determined appropriate by the Secretary, are 
                eligible to become approved providers of the technical 
                assistance;''; and
            (3) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(4) Certification.--A third-party provider may be 
        certified to provide technical assistance under this section 
        only--
                    ``(A) through a certification process administered 
                by the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the 
                Natural Resources Conservation Service;
                    ``(B) by a non-Federal entity (other than a State 
                agency or an Indian Tribe) approved by the Secretary 
                under paragraph (5) to certify a third-party provider;
                    ``(C) by an Indian Tribe approved by the Secretary 
                under paragraph (5) to certify a third-party provider; 
                or
                    ``(D) by a State agency that--
                            ``(i) has statutory authority to certify, 
                        administer, or license professionals in one or 
                        more fields of natural resources, agriculture, 
                        or engineering; and
                            ``(ii) is approved by the Secretary under 
                        paragraph (5) to certify a third-party 
                        provider.
            ``(5) Non-federal certifying entity.--
                    ``(A) Establishment of approval process.--Not later 
                than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Farm, 
                Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary 
                shall establish a process to approve a non-Federal 
                entity (including a State agency and an Indian Tribe), 
                to become a non-Federal certifying entity.
                    ``(B) Approval.--Not later than 60 days after the 
                date on which the Secretary receives an application by 
                a non-Federal entity to certify third-party providers 
                under this section, the Secretary shall make a decision 
                on whether to approve such application.
                    ``(C) Eligibility.--In carrying out subparagraph 
                (B), the Secretary shall take into consideration--
                            ``(i) the ability of the applicable non-
                        Federal entity to assess the qualifications of 
                        a third-party provider and to certify third-
                        party providers at scale;
                            ``(ii) the experience of the applicable 
                        non-Federal entity in working with third-party 
                        providers and eligible participants;
                            ``(iii) the expertise of the applicable 
                        non-Federal entity in the technical skills 
                        described in paragraph (3)(A); and
                            ``(iv) such other qualifications as the 
                        Secretary determines to be appropriate.
                    ``(D) Agreement.--Upon approving an application 
                under this paragraph, the Secretary shall enter into an 
                agreement with the non-Federal entity to become a non-
                Federal certifying entity.
                    ``(E) Duties of non-federal certifying entities.--
                In certifying third-party providers under this section, 
                a non-Federal certifying entity shall--
                            ``(i) assess the ability of a third-party 
                        provider to appropriately provide technical 
                        assistance to eligible participants for 
                        specified practices and conservation 
                        activities;
                            ``(ii) provide training to ensure that a 
                        third-party provider is qualified to provide 
                        technical assistance upon certification by the 
                        non-Federal certifying entity; and
                            ``(iii) submit to the Secretary, in a 
                        timely manner, information on--
                                    ``(I) each third-party provider 
                                certified by the non-Federal certifying 
                                entity, for inclusion on the registry 
                                of certified third-party providers 
                                maintained by the Secretary; and
                                    ``(II) each third-party provider 
                                the certification of which is withdrawn 
                                by the non-Federal certifying entity.
            ``(6) Timely decisions.--
                    ``(A) Certification by secretary.--Not later than 
                30 days after the date on which the Secretary receives 
                an application from a third-party provider to be 
                certified under the process described in paragraph 
                (4)(A) for particular practices and conservation 
                activities, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) make a final decision with respect to 
                        such application; and
                            ``(ii) if the final decision is to certify 
                        the third-party provider, include the name of 
                        the certified third-party provider on the 
                        registry of certified third-party providers 
                        maintained by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Certification by non-federal certifying 
                entity.--Not later than 10 days after the date on which 
                the Secretary receives a notification from a non-
                Federal certifying entity that a third-party provider 
                was certified, pursuant to subparagraph (B), (C), or 
                (D) of paragraph (4), for particular practices and 
                conservation activities, the Secretary shall include 
                the name of the certified third-party provider on the 
                registry of certified third-party providers maintained 
                by the Secretary.
            ``(7) Streamlined certification.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National 
        Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish a 
        streamlined process for the Secretary and non-Federal 
        certifying entities to use to certify under this section a 
        third-party provider that has a relevant professional 
        certification for particular practices and conservation 
        activities, as determined by the Secretary.''.
    (e) Administration.--Section 1242(f) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``each of the programs 
        specified in section 1241'' and inserting ``conservation 
        programs administered by the Secretary'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph 
        (A), by inserting ``or a non-Federal certifying entity'' before 
        ``under this section'';
            (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Update of certification process by the secretary.--
        Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Farm, 
        Food, and National Security Act of 2024, and periodically 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) review the certification processes under 
                paragraphs (4)(A) and (7) of subsection (e);
                    ``(B) make any adjustments considered necessary by 
                the Secretary to--
                            ``(i) increase the number of third-party 
                        providers delivering technical assistance; and
                            ``(ii) improve the quality of technical 
                        assistance delivered by third-party providers;
                    ``(C) conduct outreach to, and receive input on the 
                barriers for third-party providers to become certified 
                under this section from--
                            ``(i) third-party providers that are, or 
                        have been, certified under this section; and
                            ``(ii) other interested parties associated 
                        with eligible participants; and
                    ``(D) set a target rate of utilization of third-
                party providers to deliver technical assistance across 
                all conservation programs administered by the 
                Secretary.'';
            (4) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by inserting ``(including 
        maintenance)'' after ``implementation'';
            (5) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(5) Payment amount.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For payments provided by the 
                Secretary under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (c), 
                the Secretary shall determine payment amounts for 
                technical assistance provided by third-party providers, 
                which shall be at rates equivalent to, but that do not 
                exceed, the cost to the Secretary of providing 
                technical assistance directly to an eligible 
                participant.
                    ``(B) Considerations.--In determining payment 
                amounts under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                consider specialized equipment, frequency of site 
                visits, training, travel and transportation, and such 
                other factors as the Secretary determines to be 
                appropriate.
                    ``(C) Exclusion.--A payment provided under 
                subsection (c)(3) shall be excluded from calculations 
                relating to any cost-sharing requirements of the 
                applicable conservation program under which the payment 
                was provided.
            ``(6) Transparency.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 
        2024, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary shall make 
        publicly available information on--
                    ``(A) funds obligated to third-party providers 
                through--
                            ``(i) contracts entered into between 
                        eligible participants and individual third-
                        party providers; and
                            ``(ii) agreements with public and private 
                        sector entities to secure third-party technical 
                        assistance;
                    ``(B) the certification process under this section, 
                including--
                            ``(i) the number of third-party providers 
                        certified by the Secretary;
                            ``(ii) the number of non-Federal certifying 
                        entities approved by the Secretary;
                            ``(iii) the number of third-party providers 
                        certified by non-Federal certifying entities 
                        (other than State agencies and Indian Tribes);
                            ``(iv) the number of third-party providers 
                        certified by Indian Tribes;
                            ``(v) the number of third-party providers 
                        certified by State agencies; and
                            ``(vi) the number of third-party providers 
                        certified through the streamlined certification 
                        process described in subsection (e)(7);
                    ``(C) how third-party providers contribute to the 
                quality and effectiveness of conservation practices 
                implemented and adopted through conservation programs 
                administered by the Secretary, and what improvements 
                are needed; and
                    ``(D) the target rate of utilization of third-party 
                providers set under paragraph (3)(D) and how actual 
                rate of utilization compares to the target rate.''; and
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Soil health planning.--The Secretary shall emphasize 
        the use of third-party providers in providing technical 
        assistance for soil health planning, including planning related 
        to the use of cover crops, precision agriculture practices, 
        comprehensive nutrient management planning, and other 
        innovative plans.''.
    (f) Review of Conservation Practice Standards.--Section 1242(h) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(h)) is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Review'' and 
        inserting ``Establishment and Review'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(A) not later than 1 year after the date of 
                enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act 
                of 2024, and at least every 5 years thereafter, 
                complete a review of each conservation practice 
                standard, including engineering design 
                specifications;'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) provide a process for public input on each 
                conservation practice standard under such review, 
                including a process for consideration of State and 
                local input;
                    ``(F) publicly post a summary of any input received 
                under subparagraph (E) and any decisions made relating 
                to such input; and
                    ``(G) revise any conservation practice standard 
                based on the results of such review, as determined 
                appropriate by the Secretary, and publish any such 
                revised standard.'';
            (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Process for establishment of interim and new 
        conservation practice standards.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National 
                Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall develop a 
                streamlined process under which the Secretary shall 
                establish interim conservation practice standards and 
                new conservation practice standards.
                    ``(B) Development.--In developing the streamlined 
                process under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) ensure that the public can engage 
                        with the Department of Agriculture, including 
                        by recommending interim conservation practice 
                        standards; and
                            ``(ii) establish--
                                    ``(I) the types of data, metrics, 
                                and other relevant information that are 
                                necessary for the establishment of 
                                interim conservation practice standards 
                                and new conservation practice 
                                standards;
                                    ``(II) the process by which an 
                                interim conservation practice standard 
                                may become a new conservation practice 
                                standard; and
                                    ``(III) specific requirements for 
                                an expedited review of a new 
                                conservation practice for the purpose 
                                of establishing a new conservation 
                                practice standard for such practice.
                    ``(C) Considerations.--In establishing an interim 
                conservation practice standard or a new conservation 
                practice standard under this subsection, the Secretary 
                shall consider--
                            ``(i) input from State technical committees 
                        on recommendations that identify innovations or 
                        advancements in conservation practices;
                            ``(ii) technological advancements, 
                        including advancements from projects developed 
                        under section 1240H; and
                            ``(iii) State and local input in the form 
                        of--
                                    ``(I) recommendations for interim 
                                conservation practice standards; and
                                    ``(II) partnership-led proposals 
                                for new and innovative techniques to 
                                facilitate implementing agreements and 
                                grants under this title; and
                            ``(iv) input from native entities in the 
                        form of information relating to native 
                        traditional ecological knowledge that can 
                        inform conservation practice standards.
                    ``(D) Transparency.--The Secretary shall make 
                available on a public website a detailed description of 
                the process for recommending, reviewing, and 
                establishing interim conservation practice standards 
                and new conservation practice standards under this 
                paragraph.'';
            (4) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``Agriculture Improvement 
                        Act of 2018'' and inserting ``Farm, Food, and 
                        National Security Act of 2024''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``a report on'' and 
                        inserting ``a report detailing'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                ``administrative'' and inserting ``streamlined'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) any other information the Secretary 
                determines useful to improve such streamlined process 
                for reviewing and establishing conservation practice 
                standards.''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Office of conservation innovation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish 
                within the Office of the Chief of the Natural Resources 
                Conservation Service an Office of Conservation 
                Innovation (referred to in this paragraph as the 
                `Office') which shall be under the direct supervision 
                of the Chief.
                    ``(B) Duties.--The Office shall--
                            ``(i) provide support to the Chief in 
                        meeting the requirements of this subsection; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) encourage innovation in conservation 
                        practices through--
                                    ``(I) revisions of existing 
                                conservation practice standards;
                                    ``(II) recommendations of interim 
                                conservation practice standards; and
                                    ``(III) recommendations of new 
                                conservation practice standards.
                    ``(C) Staff.--The Chief shall detail to the Office 
                not more than 6 employees of the Department of 
                Agriculture who are technical specialists that possess 
                an understanding of conventional, organic, and other 
                production techniques representing--
                            ``(i) agronomy and agroecology;
                            ``(ii) grazing lands ecology (including 
                        rangeland, pastureland, and grazed forest 
                        land);
                            ``(iii) animal husbandry (including animal 
                        nutrition and feed management);
                            ``(iv) water conservation, drainage water 
                        management, and irrigation engineering 
                        technology;
                            ``(v) agricultural engineering (including 
                        animal waste management, energy, and structural 
                        measures); and
                            ``(vi) forest ecology and agroforestry.
            ``(6) Funding.--The Secretary shall use funding from the 
        annual appropriations for conservation operations of the 
        Natural Resources Conservation Service to carry out this 
        subsection.''.
    (g) Direct Hire Authority.--Section 1242 of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) NRCS Direct Hire Authority.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may appoint, without 
        regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 
        5, United States Code (other than sections 3303 and 3328 of 
        such title), qualified candidates, as described in paragraph 
        (2), directly to positions within the Natural Resources 
        Conservation Service that provide technical assistance under 
        conservation programs administered by the Natural Resources 
        Conservation Service.
            ``(2) Qualifications.--Paragraph (1) applies to a candidate 
        who--
                    ``(A) is qualified to provide the technical 
                assistance described in paragraph (1), as determined by 
                the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) meets qualification standards established by 
                the Office of Personnel Management.''.

SEC. 2504. ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSERVATION PROGRAMS.

    (a) Tenant Protections.--Section 1244(d) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(d)) is amended by striking ``I.'' and inserting 
``J.''.
    (b) Acreage Limitations.--Section 1244(f) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(f)) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not enroll more than 
        25 percent of the cropland in any county in the conservation 
        reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1 of 
        subtitle D and wetland reserve easements under section 
        1265C.'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``paragraph (1)(A)'' and inserting ``paragraph 
                (1)''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end and inserting ``or'';
            (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``paragraph (1)(A)'' and 
        inserting ``paragraph (1)''; and
            (4) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ``classes IV'' and 
        inserting ``classes III''.
    (c) Review and Guidance for Practice Costs and Payment Rates.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1244(j)(1) of the Food Security 
        Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(1)) is amended--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``Not later than 1 year after the date of 
                enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, 
                and not later than October 1 of each year thereafter, 
                the Secretary shall'' and inserting ``The Secretary 
                shall establish a process under which the Secretary 
                shall annually'';
                    (B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(A) review, with respect to each State, the 
                actual practice costs and rates of payments (or, where 
                actual practice costs and rates of payments are not 
                available, estimates of such practice costs and rates) 
                made to producers pursuant to programs under this title 
                for practices on eligible land; and''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (iii) as 
                        clause (iv);
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (ii) the 
                        following:
                            ``(iii) accounts for the variability in 
                        costs of implementing practices on eligible 
                        land under this title; and''; and
                            (iv) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by 
                        striking ``regional, State, and'' and inserting 
                        ``State and''.
            (2) Guidance; review.--Section 1244(j)(2) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(2)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``estimates 
                for''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause 
                        (iii);
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the 
                        following:
                            ``(ii) monitoring for and identifying 
                        significant variability in practice costs in 
                        each year; and''; and
                            (iv) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, 
                        by inserting ``and, when appropriate, adopting 
                        any recommendations made by such State 
                        technical committee'' after ``that State''.
            (3) Effect on existing contracts.--Section 1244(j) of the 
        Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Effect on existing contracts.--In order to provide 
        rates of payments that are commensurate with the costs of 
        implementing practices pursuant to programs under this title, 
        the Secretary shall establish processes and procedures for 
        updating rates of payments under a contract or agreement in 
        effect under this title to reflect the appropriate practice 
        costs and rates of payments determined under paragraph (2)(B) 
        for the year in which the practice is implemented.''.
    (d) Source Water Protection Through Targeting of Agricultural 
Practices.--Section 1244(n) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3844(n)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause 
                        (iii);
                            (ii) in clause (i), by striking the ``and'' 
                        at the end; and
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the 
                        following:
                            ``(ii) identify in each State a source 
                        water protection coordinator who shall be 
                        responsible for coordinating such collaboration 
                        with community water systems under this 
                        subsection; and''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``under 
                subparagraph (A)(ii)'' and inserting ``under 
                subparagraph (A)(iii)'';
            (2) in paragraph (3), strike ``2031'' and insert ``2029''; 
        and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Publicly available information.--Beginning on the 
        date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act 
        of 2024, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Natural 
        Resources Conservation Service, shall make publicly available--
                    ``(A) an annual report that details--
                            ``(i) for each local priority area 
                        identified under paragraph (2)(A)(i)--
                                    ``(I) the conservation programs 
                                under which assistance is provided 
                                pursuant to paragraph (1);
                                    ``(II) the practices implemented 
                                pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                                    ``(III) the number of contracts and 
                                acres devoted to such practices;
                            ``(ii) for each conservation program 
                        administered by the Secretary--
                                    ``(I) the amount of funds obligated 
                                and expended for practices implemented 
                                pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                                    ``(II) information regarding the 
                                status of compliance with paragraph 
                                (3); and
                            ``(iii) the practices, by State, that are 
                        receiving increased incentives and higher 
                        payment rates under paragraph (2)(A)(iii); and
                    ``(B) through an interactive map, aggregated data 
                detailed under subparagraph (A).''.
    (e) Encouragement of Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife Corridors.--
Section 1244 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(q) Encouragement of Habitat Connectivity and Wildlife 
Corridors.--In carrying out any conservation program administered by 
the Secretary, the Secretary may, as appropriate, encourage the use of 
conservation practices that support the development, restoration, and 
maintenance of habitat connectivity and wildlife corridors.''.

SEC. 2505. EXPERIENCED SERVICES PROGRAM.

    (a) Establishment and Purpose.--Section 1252(a) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3851(a)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) Establishment and Purpose.--The Secretary shall establish an 
experienced services program (referred to in this section as the 
`program') for the purpose of utilizing the talents of individuals who 
are age 55 or older, but who are not employees of the Department of 
Agriculture or a State agriculture department, to provide technical, 
professional, and administrative services in support of conservation 
programs administered by the Secretary, including conservation planning 
assistance, technical consultation, and assistance with design and 
implementation of conservation practices.''.
    (b) Funding Source.--Section 1252(c) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3851(c)) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        with respect to subsection (a), the Secretary may carry out the 
        program using funds made available to carry out each 
        conservation program administered by the Secretary.''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (3).

         Subtitle G--Agricultural Conservation Easement Program

SEC. 2601. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1265A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865a) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (2);
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (7) as 
        paragraphs (2) through (6), respectively; and
            (3) in paragraph (3)(A), as so redesignated, by amending 
        clause (i) to read as follows:
                            ``(i) that is subject to a pending offer 
                        for purchase of an agricultural land easement 
                        from an eligible entity;''.

SEC. 2602. AGRICULTURAL LAND EASEMENTS.

    (a) Availability of Assistance.--Section 1265B(a) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``in eligible land;'' and 
        inserting ``on eligible land; and'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``(iv); and'' and 
        inserting ``(iii).''; and
            (3) by striking paragraph (3).
    (b) Cost-Share Assistance.--
            (1) Scope of assistance available.--Section 1265B(b)(2) of 
        the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(2)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(A) Federal share.--
                            ``(i) In general.--An agreement described 
                        in paragraph (4) shall provide for a Federal 
                        share determined by the Secretary of an amount 
                        not to exceed 65 percent of the fair market 
                        value of the agricultural land easement, as 
                        determined by the Secretary using--
                                    ``(I) the Uniform Standards of 
                                Professional Appraisal Practice;
                                    ``(II) an areawide market analysis 
                                or survey; or
                                    ``(III) another industry-approved 
                                method.
                            ``(ii) Socially disadvantaged farmers and 
                        ranchers exception.--In the case of eligible 
                        land with respect to which a socially 
                        disadvantaged farmer or rancher holds an 
                        ownership interest of not less than 50 percent, 
                        the Secretary may provide an amount not to 
                        exceed 90 percent of the fair market value of 
                        the agricultural land easement.
                            ``(iii) Grasslands exception.--In the case 
                        of grassland of special environmental 
                        significance, as determined by the Secretary, 
                        the Secretary may provide an amount not to 
                        exceed 75 percent of the fair market value of 
                        the agricultural land easement.'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by amending clause (i) to read as 
                        follows:
                            ``(i) In general.--Under the agreement, the 
                        eligible entity shall provide a non-Federal 
                        share that is equivalent to the remainder of 
                        the fair market value of the agricultural land 
                        easement not provided by the Secretary under 
                        subparagraph (A).'';
                            (ii) by striking clause (ii);
                            (iii) by redesignating clause (iii) as 
                        clause (ii); and
                            (iv) in clause (ii), as so redesignated, in 
                        the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking 
                        ``subparagraph'' and inserting ``paragraph''; 
                        and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Lower cost-share option.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding 
                        paragraph (4)(C)(v), an eligible entity may 
                        elect to enter into an agreement under 
                        paragraph (4) in which the terms and conditions 
                        of an agricultural land easement funded under 
                        the agreement do not include a right of 
                        enforcement for the Secretary if the eligible 
                        entity agrees to a Federal share that does not 
                        exceed 25 percent of the fair market value of 
                        the agricultural land easement, as determined 
                        by the Secretary under subparagraph (A).
                            ``(ii) Minimum terms and conditions.--Under 
                        an agreement described in clause (i), an 
                        eligible entity shall be authorized to use its 
                        own terms and conditions for agricultural land 
                        easements so long as the Secretary determines 
                        such terms and conditions--
                                    ``(I) are consistent with the 
                                purposes of the program; and
                                    ``(II) permit effective enforcement 
                                of the conservation purposes of such 
                                easements.
                            ``(iii) Entity enforcement.--Under an 
                        agreement described in clause (i), the 
                        Secretary shall require the terms and 
                        conditions for the agricultural land easement 
                        to include a right of enforcement for the 
                        eligible entity.
                            ``(iv) Cash contribution.--Under an 
                        agreement described in clause (i), the eligible 
                        entity shall provide cash resources in an 
                        amount that is not less than 50 percent of the 
                        fair market value of the agricultural land 
                        easement, as determined by the Secretary under 
                        subparagraph (A).''.
            (2) Evaluation and ranking of applications.--Section 
        1265B(b)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
        3865b(b)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) Pooling of applications.--The Secretary may 
                evaluate and rank applications submitted by eligible 
                entities for the purchase of agricultural land 
                easements from landowners who are socially 
                disadvantaged farmers or ranchers separately from 
                applications submitted for the purchase of agricultural 
                land easements from other landowners.''.
            (3) Agreements with eligible entities.--Section 1265B(b)(4) 
        of the Food Security Act of 1985 (42 U.S.C. 3865b(b)(4)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C)--
                            (i) by striking clause (iii);
                            (ii) by redesignating clauses (iv) and (v) 
                        as clauses (iii) and (iv), respectively;
                            (iii) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, 
                        by striking the ``and'' at the end;
                            (iv) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by 
                        striking the period at the end and inserting 
                        ``;''; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) include a right of enforcement for 
                        the Secretary that--
                                    ``(I) may be used only if the terms 
                                and conditions of the easement are not 
                                enforced by the eligible entity; and
                                    ``(II) does not extend to a right 
                                of inspection unless--
                                            ``(aa)(AA) the holder of 
                                        the easement fails to provide 
                                        monitoring reports in a timely 
                                        manner; or
                                            ``(BB) the Secretary has a 
                                        reasonable and articulable 
                                        belief that the terms and 
                                        conditions of the easement have 
                                        been violated; and
                                            ``(bb) prior to the 
                                        inspection, the Secretary 
                                        notifies the eligible entity 
                                        and the landowner of the 
                                        inspection and provides a 
                                        reasonable opportunity for the 
                                        eligible entity and the 
                                        landowner to participate in the 
                                        inspection; and
                            ``(vi) include a right of the Secretary to 
                        require the transfer of the easement to a 
                        different eligible entity if the eligible 
                        entity that holds the easement ceases to exist 
                        or is no longer eligible to participate in the 
                        program, as determined by the Secretary.'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) in clause (ii)--
                                    (I) in subclause (I)(ff), by 
                                striking ``(v)'' and inserting 
                                ``(iv)''; and
                                    (II) in subclause (II), by striking 
                                the ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subclause (iii), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by inserting at the end the 
                        following:
                            ``(iv) do not conflict with any minimum 
                        terms or conditions under subparagraph (C) that 
                        may be required.''.
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
                subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following:
                    ``(E) Modification of terms and conditions.--An 
                eligible entity shall be authorized to modify a term or 
                condition of an agricultural land easement funded under 
                an agreement under subparagraph (A) if such 
                modification does not conflict with any minimum term or 
                condition required by the Secretary under subparagraph 
                (C).''.
            (4) Certification of eligible entities.--Section 
        1265B(b)(5) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
        3865b(b)(5)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``under which the Secretary may'' and 
                        inserting ``, to minimize administrative 
                        burdens on the Secretary and recognize the 
                        ability of experienced eligible entities to 
                        administer easements with minimal oversight by 
                        the Secretary, under which the Secretary 
                        shall''; and
                            (ii) in clause (iv), by inserting ``, and 
                        modify,'' after ``entity to use'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (ii)--
                                    (I) in subclause (II), by striking 
                                ``10'' and inserting ``5''; and
                                    (II) in subclause (III), by 
                                striking the ``or'' at the end;
                            (ii) in clause (iii)--
                                    (I) in subclause (I), by striking 
                                ``10'' and inserting ``5''; and
                                    (II) in subclause (II), by striking 
                                the period at the end and inserting ``; 
                                or'';
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) is an eligible entity not described 
                        in clause (ii) or (iii) that has--
                                    ``(I) acquired not fewer than 10 
                                agricultural land easements under the 
                                program or any predecessor program; and
                                    ``(II) successfully met the 
                                responsibilities of the eligible entity 
                                under the applicable agreements with 
                                the Secretary, as determined by the 
                                Secretary, relating to agricultural 
                                land easements that the eligible entity 
                                has acquired under the program or any 
                                predecessor program.''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (C)--
                            (i) in the header, by striking ``Review and 
                        revision'' and inserting ``Review and 
                        revocation'';
                            (ii) in the header of clause (i) by 
                        striking ``Review'' and inserting ``Certified 
                        entity review''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) Easement review.--The Secretary 
                        shall establish and conduct an annual quality 
                        review process to--
                                    ``(I) review a sample set of 
                                easements acquired by certified 
                                eligible entities;
                                    ``(II) ensure the integrity of the 
                                easement acquisition process under this 
                                section;
                                    ``(III) establish and enforce a 
                                process for corrective actions; and
                                    ``(IV) provide for a waiver of 
                                successive easement reviews based on 
                                demonstrated compliance.''.

SEC. 2603. WETLAND RESERVE EASEMENTS.

    (a) Easements.--Section 1265C(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3865c(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(D), by striking ``tribes'' and 
        inserting ``Tribes and landowners who are socially 
        disadvantaged farmers or ranchers''; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (3)(C) the following:
                    ``(D) Pooling of applications.--The Secretary may 
                evaluate and rank offers from landowners who are 
                socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers separately 
                from offers from other landowners.''.
    (b) Easement Restoration.--Section 1265C(c)(1) of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``subsection 
(f)'' and inserting ``subsection (g)''.
    (c) Easement Stewardship.--Section 1265C of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (d) through (g) as 
        subsections (e) through (h); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c), the following:
    ``(d) Easement Stewardship.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide financial 
        assistance to owners of eligible land enrolled under this 
        section for the repair, necessary maintenance, and enhancement 
        activities described in the wetland reserve easement plan 
        developed for the eligible land under subsection (g)(1).
            ``(2) Evaluation of stewardship need.--The Secretary 
        shall--
                    ``(A) regularly assess land enrolled under this 
                section to identify maintenance and management needs, 
                including any needed repair or enhancement of existing 
                structural practices, in accordance with the applicable 
                wetland reserve easement plan;
                    ``(B) consistent with the purposes of the program, 
                create, execute, and update as necessary based on the 
                assessments carried out under subparagraph (A), a 
                stewardship strategy for--
                            ``(i) prioritizing and addressing the needs 
                        identified under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) projecting the amount of annual 
                        funding needed for financial and technical 
                        assistance to address such needs; and
                    ``(C) establish a 5-year schedule to address such 
                needs.
            ``(3) Payments.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall make payments in an amount that is not more 
        than 100 percent of the eligible costs, as determined by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(4) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, 
        the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of 
        the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
        Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes--
                    ``(A) an inventory of the existing stewardship 
                needs of all wetland reserve easements, based on the 
                assessments carried out under paragraph (2);
                    ``(B) the stewardship strategy created under 
                paragraph (2)(B);
                    ``(C) the amounts the Secretary plans to allocate 
                to address such stewardship needs, based on projections 
                made pursuant to paragraph (2)(B)(ii); and
                    ``(D) the planned use of compatible uses under 
                subsection (b)(5)(C), contracts or agreements under 
                subsection (e)(2), or wetland reserve easement plans 
                under subsection (g)(1) to ensure that each such 
                stewardship need is addressed.''.
    (d) Assistance.--Subsection (e) of section 1265C of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c), as so redesignated, is 
amended--
            (1) in the header, by striking ``Technical Assistance'' and 
        inserting ``Assistance''; and
            (2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may enter 
        into 1 or more contracts or agreements with a Federal, State, 
        or local agency, a nongovernmental organization, an Indian 
        Tribe, or a private entity to carry out necessary restoration, 
        enhancement, maintenance, repair, assessment, or monitoring of 
        a wetland reserve easement if the Secretary determines that the 
        contract or agreement will advance the purposes of the 
        program.''.
    (e) Wetland Reserve Enhancement Option.--Subsection (f) of section 
1265C of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865c), as so 
redesignated, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Funding.--Of the funds made available to carry out 
        this section, the Secretary shall reserve not less than 15 
        percent to carry out this subsection.''.

SEC. 2604. ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Subordination, Exchange, Modification, and Termination.--
Section 1265D(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865d(c)) 
is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Modification and exchange.--
                    ``(A) Modification.--
                            ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve 
                        a modification of any interest in land, or 
                        portion of such interest, administered by the 
                        Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the 
                        Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program 
                        if the Secretary determines that the 
                        modification--
                                    ``(I) will support the long-term 
                                agricultural viability of the 
                                applicable farm or ranch operation and 
                                the conservation values of the 
                                applicable easement;
                                    ``(II) will result in equal or 
                                increased conservation values;
                                    ``(III) is consistent with the 
                                original intent of the easement;
                                    ``(IV) is consistent with the 
                                purposes of the program; and
                                    ``(V) is in the public interest or 
                                furthers the practical administration 
                                of the program, including correcting 
                                errors, exercising reserved rights, and 
                                increasing flexibility to recognize 
                                changes in water availability or 
                                administration.
                            ``(ii) Limitation.--In modifying an 
                        interest in land, or portion of such interest, 
                        under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not, 
                        except in the case of a modification that 
                        includes a change to an easement to add 
                        acreage, increase any payment to an eligible 
                        entity.
                            ``(iii) NEPA compliance.--An action taken 
                        pursuant to this subparagraph may not be 
                        considered a major Federal action under section 
                        102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy 
                        Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)).
                    ``(B) Exchange.--
                            ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve 
                        an exchange of any interest in land, or portion 
                        of such interest, administered by the 
                        Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the 
                        Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program 
                        if the Secretary determines that--
                                    ``(I) no reasonable alternative 
                                exists and the effect on the interest 
                                in land is avoided or minimized to the 
                                extent practicable; and
                                    ``(II) the exchange--
                                            ``(aa) results in equal or 
                                        increased conservation values;
                                            ``(bb) results in equal or 
                                        greater economic value to the 
                                        United States;
                                            ``(cc) is consistent with 
                                        the original intent of the 
                                        easement;
                                            ``(dd) is consistent with 
                                        the purposes of the program; 
                                        and
                                            ``(ee) is in the public 
                                        interest or furthers the 
                                        practical administration of the 
                                        program.
                            ``(ii) Limitation.--In exchanging an 
                        interest in land, or portion of such interest, 
                        under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not 
                        increase any payment to an eligible entity.''; 
                        and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) De minimis adjustments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may approve and 
                make de minimis adjustments to any interest in land, or 
                a portion of such interest, administered by the 
                Secretary, directly or on behalf of the Commodity 
                Credit Corporation, under the program if the Secretary 
                determines that the adjustment--
                            ``(i) furthers the practical administration 
                        of the program; and
                            ``(ii) is not a subordination, 
                        modification, exchange, or termination, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Types of de minimis adjustments.--De minimis 
                adjustments made under this paragraph may include title 
                corrections and other minor adjustments, including--
                            ``(i) typographical error corrections;
                            ``(ii) minor changes in legal descriptions 
                        as a result of survey or mapping errors;
                            ``(iii) the transfer of an interest of an 
                        eligible entity to another eligible entity;
                            ``(iv) changes to a building envelope 
                        boundary;
                            ``(v) relocation of easement access;
                            ``(vi) authorization of temporary work 
                        areas not associated with other easement 
                        administration actions; and
                            ``(vii) other adjustments determined 
                        necessary by the Secretary.''.
    (b) Adjusted Gross Income Exemption.--Section 1265D of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865D) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(f) Adjusted Gross Income Exemption.--The adjusted gross income 
limitation described in section 1001D(b)(1) shall not apply to any 
payment or other assistance under this subtitle.''.

            Subtitle H--Forest Conservation Easement Program

SEC. 2701. FOREST CONSERVATION EASEMENT PROGRAM.

    Title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.) 
is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subtitle I (16 U.S.C. 3871 et seq.) as 
        subtitle J; and
            (2) by inserting after subtitle H (16 U.S.C. 3865 et seq.) 
        the following:

           ``Subtitle I--Forest Conservation Easement Program

``SEC. 1267. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a forest 
conservation easement program for the conservation and restoration of 
eligible land and natural resources through the acquisition of 
conservation easements or other interests in land.
    ``(b) Purposes.--The purposes of the program are--
            ``(1) to protect the viability and sustainability of 
        working forest land, and related conservation values of 
        eligible land, by limiting the negative effects of nonforest 
        land uses of such land;
            ``(2) to protect and enhance forest ecosystem and landscape 
        functions and values;
            ``(3) to promote the restoration, protection, and 
        improvement of habitat of species that are threatened, 
        endangered, or otherwise at risk; and
            ``(4) to carry out the purposes and functions of the 
        healthy forests reserve program established under title V of 
        the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et 
        seq.), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of 
        this section.

``SEC. 1267A. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this subtitle:
            ``(1) Acreage owned by an indian tribe.--The term `acreage 
        owned by an Indian Tribe' means--
                    ``(A) land that is held in trust by the United 
                States for Indian Tribes or individual Indians;
                    ``(B) land, the title to which is held by Indian 
                Tribes or individual Indians subject to Federal 
                restrictions against alienation or encumbrance;
                    ``(C) land that is subject to rights of use, 
                occupancy, and benefit of certain Indian Tribes;
                    ``(D) land that is held in fee title by an Indian 
                Tribe;
                    ``(E) land that is owned by a native corporation 
                formed under--
                            ``(i) section 17 of the Act of June 18, 
                        1934 (commonly known as the `Indian 
                        Reorganization Act') (25 U.S.C. 5124); or
                            ``(ii) section 8 of the Alaska Native 
                        Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1607); and
                    ``(F) a combination of 1 or more types of land 
                described in subparagraphs (A) through (E).
            ``(2) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) an agency of State or local government or an 
                Indian Tribe (including a land resource council 
                established under State law); or
                    ``(B) an organization that is--
                            ``(i) organized for, and at all times since 
                        the formation of the organization has been 
                        operated principally for, 1 or more of the 
                        conservation purposes specified in clause (i), 
                        (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 170(h)(4)(A) of 
                        the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                            ``(ii) an organization described in section 
                        501(c)(3) of that Code that is exempt from 
                        taxation under section 501(a) of that Code; or
                            ``(iii) described in--
                                    ``(I) paragraph (1) or (2) of 
                                section 509(a) of that Code; or
                                    ``(II) section 509(a)(3) of that 
                                Code and is controlled by an 
                                organization described in section 
                                509(a)(2) of that Code.
            ``(3) Eligible land.--The term `eligible land' means 
        private land or acreage owned by an Indian Tribe--
                    ``(A) that is--
                            ``(i) forest land; or
                            ``(ii) being restored to forest land;
                    ``(B) in the case of a forest land easement--
                            ``(i) the enrollment of which would protect 
                        working forests and related conservation values 
                        by conserving land; or
                            ``(ii) the protection of which will further 
                        a State or local policy consistent with the 
                        purposes of the program; and
                    ``(C) in the case of a forest reserve easement, the 
                enrollment of which will maintain, restore, enhance, or 
                otherwise measurably--
                            ``(i) increase the likelihood of recovery 
                        of a species that is listed as endangered or 
                        threatened under section 4 of the Endangered 
                        Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533); or
                            ``(ii) improve the well-being of a species 
                        that is--
                                    ``(I) not listed as endangered or 
                                threatened under that section; and
                                    ``(II)(aa) a candidate for that 
                                listing, a State-listed species, or a 
                                special concern species; or
                                    ``(bb) designated as a species of 
                                greatest conservation need by a State 
                                wildlife action plan.
            ``(4) Forest land easement.--The term `forest land 
        easement' means an easement or other interest in eligible land 
        that--
                    ``(A) is conveyed to an eligible entity for the 
                purpose of protecting natural resources and the forest 
                nature of the eligible land; and
                    ``(B) permits the landowner the right to continue 
                working forest production and related uses, consistent 
                with an applicable forest management plan.
            ``(5) Forest management plan.--The term `forest management 
        plan' means--
                    ``(A) a forest stewardship plan described in 
                section 5(f) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act 
                of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2103a(f));
                    ``(B) another plan approved by the applicable State 
                forester or State forestry agency;
                    ``(C) a plan developed under a third-party 
                certification system determined appropriate by the 
                Secretary; or
                    ``(D) another plan determined appropriate by the 
                Secretary.
            ``(6) Forest reserve easement.--The term `forest reserve 
        easement' means an easement or other interest in eligible land 
        that--
                    ``(A) is conveyed to the Secretary for the purpose 
                of protecting natural resources and the forest nature 
                of the eligible land; and
                    ``(B) permits the landowner the right to continue 
                working forest production and related uses consistent 
                with the applicable forest reserve easement plan 
                developed under section 1267C(c)(1)(A).
            ``(7) Program.--The term `program' means the forest 
        conservation easement program established under this subtitle.
            ``(8) Socially disadvantaged forest landowner.--The term 
        `socially disadvantaged forest landowner' means a forest 
        landowner who is a member of a socially disadvantaged group (as 
        defined in section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture, 
        Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))).

``SEC. 1267B. FOREST LAND EASEMENTS.

    ``(a) Availability of Assistance.--The Secretary shall facilitate 
and provide funding for--
            ``(1) the purchase by eligible entities of forest land 
        easements on eligible land;
            ``(2) the development of a forest management plan; and
            ``(3) technical assistance to implement this section.
    ``(b) Cost-Share Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall protect working 
        forests, and related conservation values of eligible land, 
        through cost-share assistance to eligible entities for 
        purchasing forest land easements.
            ``(2) Scope of assistance available.--
                    ``(A) Federal share.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), an agreement described in 
                        paragraph (4) shall provide for a Federal share 
                        of 50 percent of the fair market value of the 
                        forest land easement, as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Exception.--An agreement described 
                        in paragraph (4) may provide for a Federal 
                        share of not more than 75 percent of the fair 
                        market value of a forest land easement in the 
                        case of eligible land that is--
                                    ``(I) a forest of special 
                                environmental significance, as 
                                determined by the Secretary; or
                                    ``(II) owned by a socially 
                                disadvantaged forest landowner.
                    ``(B) Non-federal share.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Under an agreement 
                        described in paragraph (4), the eligible entity 
                        shall provide a non-Federal share that is 
                        equivalent to the remainder of the fair market 
                        value of the forest land easement not provided 
                        by the Secretary under subparagraph (A).
                            ``(ii) Permissible forms.--The non-Federal 
                        share provided by an eligible entity under this 
                        paragraph may comprise--
                                    ``(I) cash resources;
                                    ``(II) a charitable donation or 
                                qualified conservation contribution (as 
                                defined in section 170(h) of the 
                                Internal Revenue Code of 1986) from the 
                                private forest landowner from which the 
                                forest land easement will be purchased;
                                    ``(III) costs associated with 
                                securing a deed to the forest land 
                                easement, including the cost of 
                                appraisal, survey, inspection, and 
                                title; and
                                    ``(IV) other costs, as determined 
                                by the Secretary.
                    ``(C) Determination of fair market value.--For 
                purposes of this paragraph, the Secretary shall 
                determine the fair market value of a forest land 
                easement using--
                            ``(i) the Uniform Standards of Professional 
                        Appraisal Practice;
                            ``(ii) an areawide market analysis or 
                        survey; or
                            ``(iii) another industry-approved method.
            ``(3) Evaluation and ranking of applications.--
                    ``(A) Criteria.--The Secretary shall establish 
                evaluation and ranking criteria to maximize the benefit 
                of Federal investment under the program.
                    ``(B) Priority.--In evaluating applications under 
                the program, the Secretary shall give priority to an 
                application for the purchase of a forest land 
                easement--
                            ``(i) that maintains the viability of a 
                        working forest, as determined by the Secretary; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) on eligible land for which a forest 
                        management plan has been developed at the time 
                        of application.
                    ``(C) Considerations.--In establishing the criteria 
                under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall emphasize 
                support for--
                            ``(i) protecting working forests and 
                        related conservation values of eligible land;
                            ``(ii) reducing fragmentation of forest 
                        land; and
                            ``(iii) maximizing the areas protected from 
                        conversion to nonforest uses.
            ``(4) Agreements with eligible entities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into 
                agreements with eligible entities to stipulate the 
                terms and conditions under which the eligible entity is 
                permitted to use cost-share assistance provided under 
                this section.
                    ``(B) Length of agreements.--An agreement under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be for a term that is not less 
                than 3, but not more than 5, years, unless the 
                Secretary determines that a longer term is justified.
                    ``(C) Minimum terms and conditions.--An eligible 
                entity shall be authorized to use its own terms and 
                conditions for forest land easements so long as the 
                Secretary determines such terms and conditions--
                            ``(i) are consistent with--
                                    ``(I) the purposes of the program; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) the forestry activities to 
                                be conducted on the eligible land;
                            ``(ii) permit effective enforcement of the 
                        conservation purposes of the forest land 
                        easements;
                            ``(iii) include a requirement to implement 
                        a forest management plan on eligible land 
                        subject to a forest land easement;
                            ``(iv) include a limit on the impervious 
                        surfaces to be allowed that is consistent with 
                        the forestry activities to be conducted; and
                            ``(v) include a right of enforcement for 
                        the Secretary that--
                                    ``(I) may be used only if the terms 
                                and conditions of the forest land 
                                easement are not enforced by the 
                                eligible entity; and
                                    ``(II) does not extend to a right 
                                of inspection unless--
                                            ``(aa)(AA) the holder of 
                                        the forest land easement fails 
                                        to provide monitoring reports 
                                        in a timely manner; or
                                            ``(BB) the Secretary has a 
                                        reasonable and articulable 
                                        belief that the terms and 
                                        conditions of the forest land 
                                        easement have been violated; 
                                        and
                                            ``(bb) prior to the 
                                        inspection, the Secretary 
                                        notifies the eligible entity 
                                        and the landowner of the 
                                        inspection and provides a 
                                        reasonable opportunity for the 
                                        eligible entity and the 
                                        landowner to participate in the 
                                        inspection.
                    ``(D) Substitution of qualified projects.--An 
                agreement under subparagraph (A) shall allow, upon 
                mutual agreement of the parties, substitution of 
                qualified projects that are identified at the time of 
                the proposed substitution.
                    ``(E) Effect of violation.--If a violation of a 
                term or condition of an agreement under subparagraph 
                (A) occurs--
                            ``(i) the Secretary may terminate the 
                        agreement; and
                            ``(ii) the Secretary may require the 
                        eligible entity to refund all or part of any 
                        payments received by the eligible entity under 
                        the program, with interest on the payments as 
                        determined appropriate by the Secretary.
            ``(5) Forest management plan.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If the eligible land does not 
                have a forest management plan at the time of 
                application, prior to the acquisition of the forest 
                land easement the landowner shall develop, in 
                partnership with the eligible entity, a forest 
                management plan for the land subject to the forest land 
                easement.
                    ``(B) Reimbursement.--The Secretary may reimburse 
                the landowner for the cost of the development of a 
                forest management plan for eligible land enrolled under 
                this section.
    ``(c) Method of Enrollment.--The Secretary shall enroll eligible 
land under this section through the use of--
            ``(1) permanent easements; or
            ``(2) easements for the maximum duration allowed under 
        applicable State laws.
    ``(d) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may provide technical 
assistance, on request, to assist in compliance with the terms and 
conditions of forest land easements.

``SEC. 1267C. FOREST RESERVE EASEMENTS.

    ``(a) Availability of Assistance.--The Secretary shall provide 
assistance to owners of eligible land to restore, protect, and enhance 
eligible land through--
            ``(1) forest reserve easements and related forest reserve 
        easement plans; and
            ``(2) technical assistance to implement this section.
    ``(b) Easements.--
            ``(1) Method of enrollment.--
                    ``(A) Authorized methods.--The Secretary shall 
                enroll eligible land under this section--
                            ``(i) through the use of--
                                    ``(I) permanent easements;
                                    ``(II) 30-year easements; and
                                    ``(III) easements for the maximum 
                                duration allowed under applicable State 
                                laws; and
                            ``(ii) in the case of acreage owned by an 
                        Indian Tribe, through the use of--
                                    ``(I) 30-year contracts (the 
                                compensation for which shall be 
                                equivalent to the compensation for 30-
                                year easements); or
                                    ``(II) permanent easements.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--Not more than 10 percent of 
                amounts made available to carry out this section in a 
                fiscal year may be used for 30-year easements under 
                this section.
            ``(2) Evaluation and ranking of offers.--
                    ``(A) Criteria.--The Secretary shall establish 
                evaluation and ranking criteria for offers from 
                landowners under this section.
                    ``(B) Priority.--The Secretary shall give priority 
                to the enrollment of eligible land under this section 
                that provides the greatest conservation benefit to--
                            ``(i) primarily, species listed as 
                        endangered or threatened under section 4 of the 
                        Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 
                        1533); and
                            ``(ii) secondarily, species that are--
                                    ``(I) not listed as endangered or 
                                threatened under that section; and
                                    ``(II)(aa) candidates for that 
                                listing, State-listed species, or 
                                special concern species; or
                                    ``(bb) designated as species of 
                                greatest conservation need by a State 
                                wildlife action plan.
                    ``(C) Other considerations.--The Secretary may give 
                additional consideration to eligible land the 
                enrollment under this section of which will--
                            ``(i) improve biological diversity;
                            ``(ii) restore native forest ecosystems;
                            ``(iii) conserve forest land that provides 
                        habitat for species described in subparagraph 
                        (B);
                            ``(iv) reduce fragmentation of forest land; 
                        and
                            ``(v) increase carbon sequestration.
            ``(3) Terms and conditions of easements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A forest reserve easement shall 
                include terms and conditions that--
                            ``(i) are consistent with the purposes of 
                        the program and the forestry activities to be 
                        conducted on the eligible land;
                            ``(ii) are consistent with the management 
                        objectives of the owner of the eligible land 
                        and the implementation of the forest reserve 
                        easement plan developed under subsection 
                        (c)(1)(A);
                            ``(iii) permit effective enforcement of the 
                        conservation purposes of the forest reserve 
                        easements;
                            ``(iv) provide for the efficient and 
                        effective establishment or enhancement of 
                        forest ecosystem functions and values; and
                            ``(v) include such additional provisions as 
                        the Secretary determines are desirable to carry 
                        out the program or facilitate the practical 
                        administration of the program.
                    ``(B) Requested terms and conditions.--An owner of 
                eligible land may request that a term or condition be 
                included in a forest reserve easement, and the 
                Secretary may include such term or condition, if it--
                            ``(i) is consistent with the management 
                        objectives of the owner of the eligible land 
                        and the implementation of the forest reserve 
                        easement plan developed under subsection 
                        (c)(1)(A); and
                            ``(ii) does not conflict with any terms or 
                        conditions included under subparagraph (A).
            ``(4) Compensation.--
                    ``(A) Permanent easements.--In the case of eligible 
                land enrolled in a permanent easement under this 
                section, the Secretary shall pay the owner of the 
                eligible land an amount equal to the difference 
                between, as determined by the Secretary--
                            ``(i) the fair market value of the eligible 
                        land before the enrollment in the permanent 
                        easement; and
                            ``(ii) the fair market value of the 
                        eligible land as encumbered by the permanent 
                        easement.
                    ``(B) Other.--The Secretary shall pay the owner of 
                eligible land enrolled under this section in a 30-year 
                contract, a 30-year easement, or an easement for the 
                maximum duration allowed under applicable State laws, 
                not less than 50 percent, and not more than 75 percent, 
                of the compensation that would be paid under 
                subparagraph (A) if the land were being enrolled in a 
                permanent easement.
                    ``(C) Determination of fair market value.--The 
                Secretary shall determine the fair market value of 
                eligible land for purposes of this paragraph using the 
                Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice or 
                another industry-approved method.
    ``(c) Easement Restoration and Management.--
            ``(1) Forest reserve easement plan.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Land enrolled in a forest 
                reserve easement shall be subject to a forest reserve 
                easement plan, to be developed jointly by the landowner 
                and the Secretary, that describes such activities to be 
                carried out on the land as are necessary to restore, 
                maintain, and enhance habitat for species described in 
                subsection (b)(2)(B).
                    ``(B) Practices and measures.--A forest reserve 
                easement plan developed under subparagraph (A) shall 
                require implementation of such practices and measures 
                as are necessary to accomplish the activities described 
                in the plan under such subparagraph, which may 
                include--
                            ``(i) vegetative management and 
                        silviculture practices;
                            ``(ii) structural practices and measures;
                            ``(iii) practices to increase carbon 
                        sequestration;
                            ``(iv) practices to improve biological 
                        diversity; and
                            ``(v) other practices and measures, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
            ``(2) Financial assistance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                financial assistance to owners of eligible land to 
                carry out the activities, practices, and measures 
                described in the forest reserve easement plan developed 
                for the eligible land under paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Payments.--With respect to financial 
                assistance provided under subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall pay--
                            ``(i) in the case of a forest reserve 
                        easement plan for eligible land enrolled in a 
                        permanent easement, an amount that is not more 
                        than 100 percent of the eligible costs 
                        described in subparagraph (C), as determined by 
                        the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) in the case of a forest reserve 
                        easement plan for eligible land enrolled in a 
                        30-year contract, a 30-year easement, or an 
                        easement for the maximum duration allowed under 
                        applicable State laws, an amount that is not 
                        less than 50 percent, and not more than 75 
                        percent, of the eligible costs described in 
                        subparagraph (C), as determined by the 
                        Secretary.
                    ``(C) Eligible costs.--Costs eligible for payments 
                under this paragraph are the costs of activities, 
                practices, and measures referred to in subparagraph (A) 
                that are associated with the restoration or enhancement 
                of the habitat conditions specified for the applicable 
                species in the forest reserve easement plan.
                    ``(D) Timing of payments.--Payments under this 
                paragraph shall be made--
                            ``(i) only on a determination by the 
                        Secretary that an activity, practice, or 
                        measure described in subparagraph (C) has been 
                        established in compliance with appropriate 
                        standards and specifications, which 
                        determination shall be made as soon as 
                        practicable after establishment; and
                            ``(ii) as soon as possible after such 
                        determination is made.
                    ``(E) Limitations.--Financial assistance provided 
                by the Secretary under this paragraph to an owner of 
                eligible land may not exceed $500,000 per easement or 
                contract.
    ``(d) Technical Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide to owners of 
        eligible land technical assistance to assist the owners in--
                    ``(A) developing a forest reserve easement plan; 
                and
                    ``(B) complying with the terms and conditions of a 
                forest reserve easement, including the implementation 
                of a forest reserve easement plan.
            ``(2) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may enter 
        into 1 or more contracts with private entities or agreements 
        with a State, nongovernmental organization, or Indian Tribe to 
        provide technical assistance described in paragraph (1), if the 
        Secretary determines that the contract or agreement will 
        advance the purposes of the program.
    ``(e) Protections and Measures.--
            ``(1) Protections.--In the case of a landowner who enrolls 
        eligible land in a forest reserve easement, and whose 
        conservation activities under the forest reserve easement plan 
        developed for such land result in a net conservation benefit 
        for a species described in subsection (b)(2)(B), the Secretary 
        shall make available to the landowner safe harbor or similar 
        assurances and protection under--
                    ``(A) section 7(b)(4) of the Endangered Species Act 
                of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1536(b)(4)); or
                    ``(B) section 10(a)(1) of that Act (16 U.S.C. 
                1539(a)(1)).
            ``(2) Measures.--If protection under paragraph (1) requires 
        the taking of measures that are in addition to the measures 
        covered by the forest reserve easement plan developed for the 
        eligible land, the cost of the additional measures, and the 
        cost of any permit, shall be considered costs eligible for 
        payments under subsection (c)(2).
    ``(f) Administration.--
            ``(1) Delegation of easement administration.--
                    ``(A) Federal and state agencies.--The Secretary 
                may delegate any of the management, monitoring, and 
                enforcement responsibilities of the Secretary under 
                this section to other Federal or State agencies that 
                have the appropriate authority, expertise, and 
                resources necessary to carry out those delegated 
                responsibilities.
                    ``(B) Conservation organizations.--The Secretary 
                may delegate any of the management responsibilities of 
                the Secretary under this section to a nonprofit 
                conservation organization if the Secretary determines 
                the organization has the appropriate expertise and 
                resources necessary to carry out those delegated 
                responsibilities.
            ``(2) Involvement by other agencies and organizations.--In 
        carrying out this section, the Secretary may consult with--
                    ``(A) private forest landowners;
                    ``(B) other Federal agencies;
                    ``(C) State forestry agencies;
                    ``(D) State fish and wildlife agencies;
                    ``(E) State environmental quality agencies;
                    ``(F) other State conservation agencies; and
                    ``(G) nonprofit conservation organizations.

``SEC. 1267D. ADMINISTRATION.

    ``(a) Ineligible Land.--The Secretary shall not use amounts made 
available to carry out the program for the purposes of acquiring an 
easement on--
            ``(1) land owned by a Federal agency, other than such land 
        that is acreage owned by an Indian Tribe;
            ``(2) land owned in fee title by a State, including an 
        agency or a subdivision of a State, or a unit of local 
        government;
            ``(3) land subject to an easement or deed restriction that, 
        as determined by the Secretary, provides similar protection as 
        would be provided by enrollment in the program; or
            ``(4) land the enrollment in the program of which would 
        undermine the purposes of the program due to on-site or off-
        site conditions, such as risk of hazardous substances, 
        permitted or existing rights of way, infrastructure 
        development, or adjacent land uses.
    ``(b) Subordination, Exchange, Modification, and Termination.--
            ``(1) Subordination.--The Secretary may subordinate any 
        interest in eligible land, or portion of such an interest, 
        administered by the Secretary (including for the purposes of 
        utilities and energy transmission services) directly or on 
        behalf of the Commodity Credit Corporation under the program if 
        the Secretary determines that the subordination--
                    ``(A) increases conservation values or has a 
                limited negative effect on conservation values;
                    ``(B) minimally affects the acreage subject to the 
                interest in eligible land; and
                    ``(C) is in the public interest or furthers the 
                practical administration of the program.
            ``(2) Modification and exchange.--
                    ``(A) Modification.--
                            ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve 
                        a modification of any interest in land, or 
                        portion of such interest, administered by the 
                        Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the 
                        Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program 
                        if the Secretary determines that the 
                        modification--
                                    ``(I) will support the viability 
                                and sustainability of working forests 
                                and the conservation values of the 
                                applicable easement;
                                    ``(II) will result in equal or 
                                increased conservation values;
                                    ``(III) is consistent with the 
                                original intent of the easement;
                                    ``(IV) is consistent with the 
                                purposes of the program; and
                                    ``(V) is in the public interest or 
                                furthers the practical administration 
                                of the program, including correcting 
                                errors and exercising reserved rights.
                            ``(ii) Limitation.--In modifying an 
                        interest in land, or portion of such interest, 
                        under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not, 
                        except in the case of a modification that 
                        includes a change to an easement to add 
                        acreage, increase any payment to an eligible 
                        entity.
                    ``(B) Exchange.--
                            ``(i) Authority.--The Secretary may approve 
                        an exchange of any interest in land, or portion 
                        of such interest, administered by the 
                        Secretary, either directly or on behalf of the 
                        Commodity Credit Corporation, under the program 
                        if the Secretary determines that--
                                    ``(I) no reasonable alternative 
                                exists and the effect on the interest 
                                in land is avoided or minimized to the 
                                extent practicable; and
                                    ``(II) the exchange--
                                            ``(aa) results in equal or 
                                        increased conservation values;
                                            ``(bb) results in equal or 
                                        greater economic value to the 
                                        United States;
                                            ``(cc) is consistent with 
                                        the original intent of the 
                                        easement;
                                            ``(dd) is consistent with 
                                        the purposes of the program; 
                                        and
                                            ``(ee) is in the public 
                                        interest or furthers the 
                                        practical administration of the 
                                        program.
                            ``(ii) Limitation.--In exchanging an 
                        interest in land, or portion of such interest, 
                        under this subparagraph, the Secretary may not 
                        increase any payment to an eligible entity.
            ``(3) Termination.--The Secretary may approve a termination 
        of any interest in eligible land, or portion of such an 
        interest, administered by the Secretary, directly or on behalf 
        of the Commodity Credit Corporation under the program if the 
        Secretary determines that--
                    ``(A) termination is in the interest of the Federal 
                Government;
                    ``(B) the United States will be fully compensated 
                for--
                            ``(i) the value of the interest in the 
                        land, as determined by the Secretary;
                            ``(ii) any costs relating to the 
                        termination; and
                            ``(iii) any damages determined appropriate 
                        by the Secretary; and
                    ``(C) the termination will--
                            ``(i) address a compelling public need for 
                        which there is no practicable alternative even 
                        with avoidance and minimization; and
                            ``(ii) further the practical administration 
                        of the program.
            ``(4) Consent.--The Secretary shall obtain consent from the 
        landowner and eligible entity, if applicable, for any 
        subordination, exchange, modification, or termination of an 
        interest in eligible land, or portion of such an interest, 
        under this subsection.
            ``(5) Notice.--Not fewer than 90 days before taking any 
        termination action described in paragraph (3), the Secretary 
        shall provide written notice of that action to the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
        on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.
    ``(c) Land Enrolled in Other Programs.--In accordance with the 
provisions of section 2902 of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act 
of 2024, land enrolled in the healthy forests reserve program 
established under title V of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 
2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) on the day before the date of enactment 
of this section shall be considered enrolled in the program.''.

         Subtitle I--Regional Conservation Partnership Program

SEC. 2801. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSES.

    Section 1271(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3871(b)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) To address natural resource concerns on eligible land 
        on a regional or watershed scale, including through--
                    ``(A) the conservation, protection, restoration, 
                and sustainable use of soil;
                    ``(B) the conservation and protection of water, 
                including sources of drinking water and groundwater;
                    ``(C) the prevention and mitigation of the effects 
                of flooding and drought, and the improvement or 
                expansion of flood resiliency; and
                    ``(D) the conservation of wildlife, agricultural 
                land, and related natural resources.''.

SEC. 2802. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 1271A(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3871a(1)) is amended by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the 
following:
                    ``(D) The forest conservation easement program 
                established under subtitle I.''.

SEC. 2803. REGIONAL CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIPS.

    (a) Partnership Agreements Authorized.--Section 1271B(a) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(a)) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(a) Partnership Agreements Authorized.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may enter into a 
        partnership agreement with an eligible partner to implement a 
        project that will assist producers with installing and 
        maintaining an eligible activity on eligible land.
            ``(2) Streamlining required.--The Secretary shall ensure 
        that a partnership agreement under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) is entered into not later than 180 days after 
                the date on which an application is selected under 
                subsection (e); and
                    ``(B) contains only--
                            ``(i) the information, described under 
                        subsection (e)(3), necessary to fund and 
                        initiate the project to be implemented under 
                        the partnership agreement; and
                            ``(ii) any adjustments to the requirements 
                        of a covered program determined necessary by 
                        the Secretary under paragraph (2) of section 
                        1271E(f), and any waiver provided under 
                        paragraph (3) of such section.
            ``(3) Process for requesting waivers and adjustments.--The 
        Secretary shall make available information on the process for 
        requesting a waiver or an adjustment to the requirements of a 
        covered program pursuant to section 1271E(f).''.
    (b) Duties of Secretary.--Section 1271B(d) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ``how the Secretary 
        used amounts reserved by the Secretary for that year for 
        technical assistance under section 1271D(f); and'' and 
        inserting ``the use of funds for technical assistance under 
        section 1271D(c);'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) ensure payments to eligible partners under a 
        partnership agreement are made not later than 30 days after the 
        date on which the eligible partner submits to the Secretary a 
        request for payment.''.
    (c) Applications.--Section 1271B(e)(3) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871b(e)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (F); 
        and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
                    ``(E) any requests by an eligible partner for a 
                waiver or an adjustment to the requirements of a 
                covered program pursuant to section 1271E(f); and''.

SEC. 2804. ASSISTANCE TO PRODUCERS.

    Section 1271C(d)(3) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3871c(d)(3)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C);
            (2) in subparagraph (A)(iv), by striking the ``and'' at the 
        end; and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (A)(iv) the following:
                    ``(B) provide, under section 1271B(c)(2), not less 
                than 50 percent of the overall costs of the scope of 
                the project that is the subject of a partnership 
                agreement funded pursuant to paragraph (1) in direct 
                funding; and''.

SEC. 2805. FUNDING.

    (a) Allocation of Funding.--Section 1271D of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (3871d) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b);
            (2) by redesignating subsections (c), (d), and (e) as 
        subsections (a), (b), and (c), respectively; and
            (3) in subsection (a), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``subsection (a)'' and inserting ``section 1241(a)(6)''.
    (b) Limitation on Administrative Expenses.--Subsection (b) of 
section 1271D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d), as so 
redesignated, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Limitation on Administrative Expenses.--
            ``(1) In general.--Of the funds made available to implement 
        a project under a partnership agreement, the Secretary may use 
        not more than ten percent to reimburse the eligible partner for 
        administrative expenses relating to the project.
            ``(2) Consideration.--Any amounts expended by an eligible 
        partner for administrative expenses that are not reimbursed 
        under paragraph (1) may be considered to be a part of the 
        contribution of the eligible partner under section 
        1271B(c)(2).''.
    (c) Technical Assistance.--Subsection (c) of section 1271D of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d), as so redesignated, is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(c) Technical Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall, through a 
        partnership agreement, identify--
                    ``(A) the total amount of funds that will be used 
                for technical assistance; and
                    ``(B) the share of such funds that will be provided 
                to eligible partners under paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Provision of assistance.--
                    ``(A) Reimbursement.--Under a partnership agreement 
                that is not funded through an alternative funding 
                arrangement or grant agreement under section 1271C(d), 
                the Secretary may reimburse eligible partners for the 
                costs of technical assistance provided through such 
                partnership agreement, including--
                            ``(i) the costs of technical assistance 
                        needed to facilitate the maximum conservation 
                        benefit of the applicable project;
                            ``(ii) the costs of providing outreach and 
                        education to producers for potential 
                        participation in the applicable project;
                            ``(iii) the costs of establishing baseline 
                        metrics to support the development of the 
                        assessment required under section 
                        1271B(c)(1)(E); and
                            ``(iv) other costs necessary to support the 
                        implementation of eligible activities, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Advancement of funds.--The Secretary may 
                advance to eligible partners reasonable amounts of 
                funds for costs that may be reimbursed under 
                subparagraph (A), as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Limitation.--The Secretary shall limit costs of the 
        Secretary for technical assistance to costs necessary to carry 
        out the objectives of the program.
            ``(4) Reduction of administrative barriers.--The Secretary 
        shall provide a single, simplified process for reimbursements 
        or advancements to eligible partners for the costs of technical 
        assistance under this subsection.
            ``(5) Third-party providers.--The Secretary shall develop 
        and implement strategies to encourage third-party technical 
        service providers to provide technical assistance to eligible 
        partners pursuant to a partnership agreement.''.

SEC. 2806. ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Reporting.--Section 1271E(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3871e(b)) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) 
by inserting ``make publicly available and'' after ``the Secretary 
shall''.
    (b) Consistency With Covered Program Rules.--Section 1271E of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871e) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(f) Consistency With Covered Program Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in this subsection, 
        the Secretary shall ensure that the terms and conditions of a 
        program contract are consistent with the requirements of the 
        applicable covered program to be used as part of the applicable 
        partnership agreement.
            ``(2) Adjustments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary may, if the 
                Secretary determines necessary, adjust a regulatory 
                requirement of a covered program to be used as a part 
                of a partnership agreement, or related guidance, as it 
                applies to an eligible activity carried out under a 
                program contract entered into pursuant to the 
                partnership agreement--
                            ``(i) to provide a simplified process; or
                            ``(ii) to better reflect unique local 
                        circumstances.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not adjust 
                the application of statutory requirements for a covered 
                program to be used as a part of a partnership 
                agreement, including requirements governing appeals, 
                payment limits, and conservation compliance.
            ``(3) Waiver.--With respect to a program contract for an 
        eligible activity under the agricultural conservation easement 
        program, the Secretary may, in the applicable partnership 
        agreement, waive the application of clauses (ii) or (iii)(III) 
        of section 1265A(4)(A) for purposes of determining the 
        eligibility of land.
            ``(4) Certification applicability.--With respect to a 
        partnership agreement entered into for acquisition of 
        easements, the Secretary shall apply the authorities applicable 
        to the eligible partner under section 1265B(b)(5)(A) if the 
        eligible partner is an eligible entity certified under such 
        section.
            ``(5) Exemption.--With respect to a program contract that 
        includes an eligible activity under the environmental quality 
        incentives program to be installed and maintained in a State in 
        which irrigation has not been used significantly for 
        agricultural purposes, as determined by the Secretary, the 
        Secretary may not consider prior irrigation history when 
        determining the eligibility of land.
            ``(6) Application.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to 
        partnership agreements funded pursuant to section 1271C(d).''.

SEC. 2807. CRITICAL CONSERVATION AREAS.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 1271F(a)(2)(C) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871f(a)(2)(C)) is amended by inserting ``, 
including restoration and enhancement of wildlife habitat connectivity 
and wildlife migration corridors'' before the semicolon at the end.
    (b) Applications.--Section 1271F(b) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871f(b)) is amended by striking ``funds under section 
1271D(d)(2)'' and inserting ``funds allocated under section 
1271D(a)(2)''.

            Subtitle J--Repeals and Transitional Provisions

SEC. 2901. SUPERSEDED CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Repeals.--
            (1) Farmable wetland program.--Section 1231B of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831b) is repealed.
            (2) Pilot programs.--Section 1231C of the Food Security Act 
        of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831c) is repealed.
    (b) Transitional Provisions.--
            (1) Effect on existing contracts and agreements.--Subject 
        to paragraph (2), this title, and the amendments made by this 
        title, shall not affect the validity or terms of any contract 
        or agreement entered into by the Secretary under subchapter B 
        of chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security 
        Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) before the date of 
        enactment of this Act, or any payments or technical assistance 
        required to be made in connection with the contract or 
        agreement.
            (2) Modification of existing contracts and agreements.--The 
        signatories to a contract or an agreement entered into under 
        subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XII of the 
        Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) before the 
        date of enactment of this Act may mutually agree to a 
        modification of the contract or agreement to implement this 
        title, and the amendments made by this title.
            (3) Extension permitted.--Notwithstanding the repeal of 
        sections 1231B and 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 made 
        by subsection (a), the Secretary may extend for 1 year a 
        contract or agreement entered into under either such section 
        before the date of enactment of this Act, if that contract or 
        agreement expires on or before September 30, 2025, under the 
        terms and payment rate of the existing contract or agreement 
        and in accordance with section 1231B or 1231C of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (as in effect on the day before the date 
        of enactment of this Act), as applicable.
            (4) Funding.--
                    (A) Use of prior year funds.--Notwithstanding the 
                amendments made by this title, any funds made available 
                from the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out 
                subchapter B of chapter 1 of title XII of the Food 
                Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.) (as in 
                effect on the day before the date of enactment of this 
                Act) for any of fiscal years 2019 through 2024 shall be 
                made available to carry out contracts and agreements 
                that were entered into under such subchapter prior to 
                the date of enactment of this Act, subject to the 
                condition that no such contract or agreement may be 
                modified so as to increase the amount of land enrolled 
                or the amount of the payment received.
                    (B) Other.--The Secretary may use funds made 
                available to carry out subchapter B of chapter 1 of 
                title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 to continue 
                to carry out contracts or agreements that were entered 
                into under such subchapter prior to the date of 
                enactment of this Act using the provisions of law 
                (including regulations) applicable to those contracts 
                or agreements as in existence on the day before the 
                date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 2902. HEALTHY FORESTS RESERVE PROGRAM.

    (a) Repeal.--
            (1) In general.--Title V of the Healthy Forests Restoration 
        Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents in section 
        1(b) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (Public Law 
        108-148; 117 Stat. 1887) is amended by striking the items 
        relating to title V.
    (b) Transitional Provisions.--
            (1) Effect on existing contracts, agreements, and 
        easements.--The repeal made by subsection (a) shall not affect 
        the validity or terms of any contract, agreement, or easement 
        entered into by the Secretary under title V of the Healthy 
        Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) before 
        the date of enactment of this Act, or any payments or technical 
        assistance required to be made in connection with the contract, 
        agreement, or easement.
            (2) Funding.--
                    (A) Use of prior year funds.--Notwithstanding the 
                repeal made by subsection (a), any funds made available 
                from the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out the 
                healthy forests reserve program established under title 
                V of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
                U.S.C. 6571 et seq.) (as in effect on the day before 
                the date of enactment of this Act) for any of fiscal 
                years 2019 through 2024 shall be made available to 
                carry out contracts, agreements, or easements referred 
                to in paragraph (1), subject to the condition that no 
                such contract, agreement, or easement may be modified 
                so as to increase the amount of any payment received.
                    (B) Other.--The Secretary may use funds made 
                available to carry out the forest conservation easement 
                program established under subtitle I of the Food 
                Security Act of 1985 to continue to carry out 
                contracts, agreements, or easements referred to in 
                paragraph (1) using the provisions of law (including 
                regulations) applicable to those contracts, agreements, 
                and easements as in existence on the day before the 
                date of enactment of this Act.

                            TITLE III--TRADE

                     Subtitle A--Food for Peace Act

SEC. 3101. FOOD AID QUALITY ASSURANCE.

    Section 202 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1722) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``any other provision of law'' and 
                inserting ``any other provision of this Act'';
                    (B) by inserting ``, in consultation with the 
                Secretary,'' after ``Administrator''; and
                    (C) by striking ``as the Administrator determines 
                appropriate'' and inserting ``as the Secretary 
                determines appropriate'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting ``assistance, 
        including in the form of'' before ``agricultural commodities'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; or'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(3) a nongovernmental organization, as determined by the 
        Administrator.'';
            (4) in subsection (e), by adding at the end the following 
        new paragraph:
            ``(5) Limitation on diversion of funds.--Of the funds made 
        available in each fiscal year under this title to the 
        Administrator, not more than 50 percent may be made available 
        for expenses other than the procurement of United States-grown 
        agricultural commodities and ocean transportation of such 
        commodities.''; and
            (5) in subsection (h)(3), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3102. MINIMUM LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE.

    Section 204(a) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.1724(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Committees on 
        International Relations'' and inserting ``Committees on Foreign 
        Affairs'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (2); and
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (3), as amended, as 
        paragraph (2).

SEC. 3103. FOOD AID CONSULTATIVE GROUP.

    Section 205(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 13 1725(f)) is 
amended by striking ``December 31, 2023'' and inserting ``December 31, 
2029''.

SEC. 3104. ISSUANCE OF REGULATIONS; OVERSIGHT, MONITORING, AND 
              EVALUATION.

    Section 207 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``the Agriculture 
        Improvement Act of 2018''and inserting ``the Farm, Food, and 
        National Security Act of 2024''; and
            (2) in subsection (f)(4), by striking ``2023'' each place 
        it appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3105. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RELIEF PARTNERSHIP.

    Section 208(f) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1726b(f)) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(f) Availability of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise made available to carry out this section, of the funds made 
available in each fiscal year under this title to the Administrator, 
not less than $15,000,000 shall be made available in each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029 to carry out this section, to remain available 
until expended.''.

SEC. 3106. USE OF COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION.

    Subsection (b) of section 406 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 
1736) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Included Expenses.--With respect to commodities made 
available under titles II and III, the Commodity Credit Corporation may 
pay all associated and incidental costs of such commodities.''.

SEC. 3107. PRE-POSITIONING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND ANNUAL 
              REPORT REGARDING FOOD AID PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES.

    Section 407 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736a) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (c)(1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Acquisition.--The Administrator shall transfer, 
        arrange for the transportation, and take other steps necessary 
        to make available agricultural commodities to be provided under 
        title II and title III.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(4)(A), by striking ``2023'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``2029'';
            (3) in subsection (f)(2)--
                    (A) by striking subparagraph (I);
                    (B) by amending subparagraph (H) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(H) A statement of the amount of funds provided 
                to each eligible organization that received assistance 
                under this Act and the manner in which those funds were 
                used, including whether such use was for commodity 
                transportation or administrative costs.'';
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (H) 
                (as amended) as subparagraphs (F) through (I), 
                respectively; and
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) An assessment of activities specifically 
                targeting women and girls and the impact of those 
                activities in addressing the unique needs of women and 
                girls.''; and
            (4) by striking subsection (f)(3).

SEC. 3108. DEADLINE FOR AGREEMENTS TO FINANCE SALES OR TO PROVIDE OTHER 
              ASSISTANCE.

    Section 408 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736b) is amended 
by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3109. MINIMUM LEVEL OF NONEMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE.

    Section 412 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(f) Minimum Levels of Funding to Address Child Wasting.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each of fiscal years 2025 through 
        2029, if the most recent Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates, 
        published annually by the World Health Organization, the World 
        Bank, and the United Nations Children's Fund, report a rate of 
        children under 5 years of age affected by child wasting above 5 
        percent for the year covered by such report, not less than the 
        minimum level described in paragraph (2), to be derived from 
        amounts otherwise made available to carry out food assistance 
        programs for such fiscal year and in addition to amounts 
        otherwise made available pursuant to this Act, shall be 
        expended for the procurement of ready-to-use therapeutic foods.
            ``(2) Minimum level described.--The minimum level described 
        in this paragraph is--
                    ``(A) $200,000,000; or
                    ``(B) in the case of a fiscal year for which the 
                total amount made available to carry out programs under 
                title II is less than $1,925,000,000, the product of--
                            ``(i) $200,000,000, multiplied by
                            ``(ii) the quotient of the total amount 
                        made available to carry out programs under 
                        title II for that fiscal year divided by 
                        $1,925,000,000.''.

SEC. 3110. TERMINATION DATE FOR MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION PROGRAMS.

    Section 415(c) of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C.1736g-2(c)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3111. JOHN OGONOWSKI AND DOUG BEREUTER FARMER-TO-FARMER PROGRAM.

    Section 501 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting ``2029''.

               Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

SEC. 3201. AGRICULTURAL TRADE PROMOTION AND FACILITATION.

    (a) Modification to Foreign Market Development Cooperator 
Program.--Section 203(c) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 
U.S.C. 5623(c)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
            ``(4) Technical assistance to improve infrastructure in 
        foreign markets for united states agricultural commodities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--As part of the program 
                established under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
                enter into contracts or other agreements with eligible 
                trade organizations to provide needs assessments, 
                training, and other technical assistance to enhance the 
                capabilities of infrastructure in new and developing 
                foreign markets, including infrastructure relating to 
                cold chain capacity, port improvements, and other 
                developments, to ensure that United States agricultural 
                commodities are not damaged or lost due to deficiencies 
                of such infrastructure.
                    ``(B) Authorization of appropriations.--
                            ``(i) In general.--There is authorized to 
                        be appropriated to carry out this paragraph 
                        $1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2025 
                        through 2029.
                            ``(ii) Availability.--Amounts authorized to 
                        be appropriated under this subparagraph that 
                        are not used to carry out this paragraph are 
                        authorized to be made available to carry out 
                        the program established under this 
                        subsection.''.
    (b) Report on Competitiveness of United States Specialty Crops.--
Section 203(e)(7) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 
5623(e)(7)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(7) Biennial report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation 
                with the United States Trade Representative, shall 
                submit every two years to the Committee on Agriculture 
                of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
                report detailing the competitiveness of United States 
                specialty crops.
                    ``(B) Elements.--The report required by 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) identify and analyze acts, policies, 
                        or practices of foreign countries that 
                        constitute significant barriers to, or 
                        distortions of, United States exports of 
                        specialty crops, including the imposition of--
                                    ``(I) tariffs (including 
                                retaliatory tariffs) or quotas 
                                (including tariff-rate quotas); and
                                    ``(II) non-tariff barriers, 
                                including technical barriers to trade, 
                                sanitary and phytosanitary measures, 
                                import licensing procedures, and 
                                subsidies;
                            ``(ii) identify and analyze acts, policies, 
                        or practices of foreign countries that enhance 
                        the competitiveness of imported specialty crops 
                        with domestic specialty crop producers, 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) the subsidization of exports 
                                from the producing country; and
                                    ``(II) the impact of any lack or 
                                circumvention of labor and 
                                environmental laws in the producing 
                                country;
                            ``(iii) identify and analyze any 
                        differences in applicable food safety 
                        regulations of foreign countries that may 
                        result in imported specialty crops posing a 
                        risk to United States consumers;
                            ``(iv) make an estimate--
                                    ``(I) of the impacts on the 
                                competitiveness of United States 
                                specialty crops of any act, policy, or 
                                practice identified under clauses (i) 
                                and (ii);
                                    ``(II) if feasible, of the value of 
                                additional specialty crops that would, 
                                during the year preceding submission of 
                                the report, have been exported from the 
                                United States to each foreign country 
                                an act, policy, or practice of which is 
                                identified under clause (i) if each 
                                such act, policy, or practice of that 
                                country did not exist; and
                                    ``(III) if feasible, of the injury 
                                caused to domestic specialty crop 
                                producers for any acts, policies, or 
                                practices identified under clause (ii).
                            ``(v) assess the extent to which each act, 
                        policy, or practice identified under clauses 
                        (i) and (ii) are subject to international 
                        agreements to which the United States is a 
                        party;
                            ``(vi) include information with respect to 
                        any action taken by the executive or 
                        legislative branches during the two years 
                        preceding submission of the report, or expected 
                        to be taken after submission of the report, to 
                        eliminate any act, policy, or practice 
                        identified under clauses (i) and (ii), 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) any action under section 301;
                                    ``(II) negotiations or 
                                consultations with foreign governments, 
                                which may include engagement through 
                                the standing committee on sanitary and 
                                phytosanitary matters established under 
                                a free trade agreement to which the 
                                United States is a party; and
                                    ``(III) action at the World Trade 
                                Organization, including dispute 
                                settlement actions, consultations, or 
                                negotiations; and
                            ``(vii) a description of--
                                    ``(I) any funds provided under 
                                subsection (f)(3)(A)(iv) that were not 
                                obligated in the fiscal year preceding 
                                submission of the report; and
                                    ``(II) the reason such funds were 
                                not obligated.
                    ``(C) Comment period.--In preparing the report 
                required by subparagraph (A), the Secretary, in 
                coordination with the United States Trade 
                Representative, shall seek and consider comments from 
                the public and from the Agricultural Technical Advisory 
                Committee for Trade in Fruits and Vegetables.
                    ``(D) Form of report.--The report required by 
                subparagraph (A) shall be made available to the public 
                in machine-readable format.''.
    (c) Modification and Extension of Funding.--Section 203(f) of the 
Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5623(f)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$255,000,000'' and 
        inserting ``$489,500,000'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)(A)(i), by striking ``$200,000,000'' 
        and inserting ``$400,000,000'';
            (4) in paragraph (3)(A)(ii), by striking ``$34,500,000'' 
        and inserting ``$69,000,000''; and
            (5) in paragraph (4), by striking ``during the period in 
        which that memorandum is in effect'' and inserting ``during the 
        period in which the directives in such memorandum are in 
        effect''.
    (d) Repeal.--Section 718 of title VII of the Agriculture, Rural 
Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies 
Appropriations Act, 1999 (as enacted by section 101(a) of division A of 
Public Law 105-277; 7 U.S.C. 5623 note) is repealed.

SEC. 3202. PRESERVING FOREIGN MARKETS FOR GOODS USING COMMON NAMES.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 
(7 U.S.C. 5602) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``As 
        used in this Act--'' and inserting ``In this Act:'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as 
        paragraphs (3), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (4), respectively, 
        and reordering such paragraphs in numerical sequence;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Common name.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `common name' means a 
                name that, as determined by the Secretary--
                            ``(i) is ordinarily or customarily used for 
                        an agricultural commodity or food product;
                            ``(ii) is typically placed on the packaging 
                        and product label of the agricultural commodity 
                        or food product;
                            ``(iii) with respect to wine--
                                    ``(I) is--
                                            ``(aa) ordinarily or 
                                        customarily used for a wine 
                                        grape varietal name; or
                                            ``(bb) a traditional term 
                                        or expression that is typically 
                                        placed on the packaging and 
                                        label of the wine; and
                                    ``(II) does not mean any 
                                appellation of origin for wine listed 
                                in subpart C of part 9 of title 27, 
                                Code of Federal Regulations (or 
                                successor regulations); and
                            ``(iv) the use of which is consistent with 
                        standards of the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
                    ``(B) Considerations.--In making a determination 
                under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may take into 
                account--
                            ``(i) competent sources, such as 
                        dictionaries, newspapers, professional journals 
                        and literature, and information posted on 
                        websites that are determined by the Secretary 
                        to be reliable in reporting market information;
                            ``(ii) the use of the common name in a 
                        domestic, regional, or international product 
                        standard, including a standard promulgated by 
                        the Codex Alimentarius Commission, for the 
                        agricultural commodity or food product; and
                            ``(iii) the ordinary and customary use of 
                        the common name in the production or marketing 
                        of the agricultural commodity or food product 
                        in the United States or in other countries.''; 
                        and
            (4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), in subparagraph 
        (A)--
                    (A) in clause (v), by striking ``or'' at the end;
                    (B) in clause (vi), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vii) prohibits or disallows the use of 
                        the common name of an agricultural commodity or 
                        food product of the United States.''.
    (b) Negotiations to Defend Use of Common Names.--Title III of the 
Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5652 et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 303. NEGOTIATIONS TO DEFEND THE USE OF COMMON NAMES.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall coordinate efforts with the 
United States Trade Representative to secure the right of United States 
agricultural producers, processors, and exporters to use common names 
for agricultural commodities or food products in foreign markets 
through the negotiation of bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral 
agreements, memoranda of understanding, or exchanges of letters that 
assure the current and future use of each common name identified by the 
Secretary in connection with United States agricultural commodities or 
food products.
    ``(b) Briefing.--The Secretary and the United States Trade 
Representative shall jointly provide to the Committee on Agriculture of 
the House of Representatives, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
and Forestry of the Senate, the Committee on Ways and Means of the 
House of Representatives, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate, a 
briefing, twice annually, on efforts and successes in carrying out 
subsection (a).''.

SEC. 3203. INTERAGENCY SEASONAL AND PERISHABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLE 
              WORKING GROUP.

    Subtitle B of title IV of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 
U.S.C. 5671 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 418. INTERAGENCY SEASONAL AND PERISHABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 
              WORKING GROUP.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary (acting through the Under 
Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs), 
the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary of Commerce, and 
the heads of other Federal agencies or entities as determined to be 
appropriate by the Secretary, shall jointly establish an interagency 
working group (referred to in this section as the `working group') 
composed of representatives from each agency to monitor and assess, on 
an ongoing basis, seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables trade 
data and related information.
    ``(b) Consultation.--The working group shall consult with the 
Agricultural Trade Advisory Committee, relevant seasonal or perishable 
agricultural producers, and other relevant trade associations to 
identify threats that imports pose to domestic producers of seasonal 
and perishable fruits and vegetables.
    ``(c) Trade Actions and Investigations.--The working group shall 
coordinate as appropriate regarding potential additional trade actions 
and investigations with respect to any seasonal or perishable fruits 
and vegetables, as determined to be advisable by the working group.
    ``(d) Recommendations to the Secretary.--The working group shall 
recommend programs or assistance that the Secretary could provide to 
producers of seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables to address 
market impacts.''.

               Subtitle C--Other Agricultural Trade Laws

SEC. 3301. GROWING AMERICAN FOOD EXPORTS.

    Section 1543A of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5679) is amended in subsection (d), by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3302. FOOD FOR PROGRESS ACT OF 1985.

    Section 1110 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (commonly referred to 
as the ``Food for Progress Act of 1985''; 7 U.S.C. 1736o) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by striking ``enter into'' and inserting 
                ``annually enter into two or more''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``two or more'' before ``eligible 
                entities'';
            (2) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029'';
            (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (4) in subsection (k), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (5) in subsection (l)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in the heading of paragraph (4), by striking 
                ``Humanitarian or'';
            (6) in subsection (m)(2), by striking ``humanitarian and''; 
        and
            (7) in subsection (n)(2)(C), by striking ``Committee on 
        International Relations'' and inserting ``Committee on Foreign 
        Affairs''.

SEC. 3303. BILL EMERSON HUMANITARIAN TRUST ACT.

    Section 302 of the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act (7 U.S.C. 
1736f-1) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(2)(B)(i), by striking ``2023'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``2029'';
            (2) by amending the matter preceding subclause (I) of 
        subsection (c)(1)(B)(i) to read as follows:
                            ``(i) In general.--Without undue delay, any 
                        funds or commodities held in the trust may be 
                        released by the Secretary, which shall be 
                        informed by information provided by the 
                        Administrator regarding the ongoing programs of 
                        the Administrator, to provide food, and cover 
                        any associated costs, under title II of the 
                        Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.)--'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(1)(C), by striking ``the 
        Administrator'' and inserting ``the Secretary'';
            (4) in subsection (f)(2)(A), by inserting ``by the 
        Secretary'' after ``reimbursed''; and
            (5) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3304. PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO EMERGING MARKETS.

    Section 1542(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5622 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3305. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.

    Section 3307 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
3295) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)(1)), by striking ``2019 through 
        2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
    ``(g) Program Continuity.--To assist eligible countries in the 
long-term development of enduring, school-based agricultural education 
and youth extension programs, the Secretary shall, to the maximum 
extent practicable--
            ``(1) implement the fellowship program in each 
        participating host country for not fewer than 3 consecutive 
        years; and
            ``(2) ensure that contracts awarded to outside 
        organizations are multi-year.''.

SEC. 3306. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE CULTURAL IMMERSION AND EXCHANGE 
              PROGRAM.

    Title III of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 
115-334) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 3313. INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE CULTURAL IMMERSION AND EXCHANGE 
              PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definition.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible candidate.--The term `eligible candidate' 
        means an individual that--
                    ``(A) is between the ages of 19 and 30 years;
                    ``(B) has demonstrated experience in agricultural 
                sciences, food systems, and food and nutrition 
                education;
                    ``(C) is prepared to live in 1 or more host 
                countries for at least 2 months or up to 6 months; and
                    ``(D) is a resident of the United States.
            ``(2) Eligible country.--The term `eligible country' means 
        a country that has agricultural trade relations with the United 
        States, as recognized by the Foreign Agriculture Service.
            ``(3) Program.--The term `Program' means the International 
        Agriculture Cultural Immersion and Exchange Program established 
        under subsection (b).
            ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an 
international cultural immersion and exchange program, to be known as 
the `International Agriculture Cultural Immersion and Exchange 
Program', under which the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) provide eligible candidates with international 
        cultural exchange and immersion experiences focused on 
        agricultural sciences, food systems, and food and nutrition 
        education through placement with host families in eligible 
        countries; and
            ``(2) place in the United States with host families 
        individuals that meet the requirement of subsection (a)(1)(A) 
        and are residents of eligible countries to experience United 
        States agriculture, trade relations, and culture.
    ``(c) Purposes.--The purposes of the Program are--
            ``(1) to develop globally minded citizens of the United 
        States; and
            ``(2) to strengthen and enhance trade between eligible 
        countries and the United States in agricultural, food, 
        nutrition, and environmental industries.
    ``(d) Cooperative Agreement.--
            ``(1) In general.--To administer the Program, the Secretary 
        shall enter into a cooperative agreement with a nonprofit 
        organization that has experience in implementing international 
        cultural exchange programs focused on agricultural sciences, 
        food and nutrition education, and cultural understanding 
        through placement with host families.
            ``(2) Priority.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall give priority to a nonprofit organization with 
        which the Secretary has a memorandum of understanding dated not 
        earlier than January 1, 2019.
            ``(3) Matching funds.--As a condition of entering into a 
        cooperative agreement under this subsection, a nonprofit 
        organization shall provide equal matching funds from non-
        Federal sources.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated $10,000,000 to carry out this section for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 3307. INTERNATIONAL FOOD SECURITY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

    Section 1543B(f) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3308. MCGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD 
              NUTRITION PROGRAM.

    Section 3107 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 1736o-1) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(2)(B)(ii), by inserting ``or lower-
        middle'' before ``income'';
            (2) in subsection (h)(2), by striking ``Committee on 
        International Relations'' and inserting ``Committee on Foreign 
        Affairs'';
            (3) in subsection (l)(2), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (4) in subsection (l)(4), by striking ``not more than 10 
        percent'' and inserting ``not less than 8 percent, but not more 
        than 15 percent''.

SEC. 3309. GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST.

    Section 3202 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (22 
U.S.C. 2220a note; Public Law 110-246) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (b)(1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--For the period of fiscal years 2025 
        through 2029, the aggregate contributions of funds of the 
        Federal Government provided to the Trust under this section 
        shall not exceed 33 percent of the total amount of funds 
        contributed to the Trust from all sources and for all 
        purposes.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(2)--
                    (A) by inserting ``under this section'' after 
                ``Trust''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; 
                and
            (3) in subsection (c), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 3310. LOCAL AND REGIONAL FOOD AID PROCUREMENT PROJECTS.

    Section 3206(e)(1) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 
2008 (7 U.S.C. 1726c(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 3311. AGRICULTURAL TRADE ENFORCEMENT TASK FORCE.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President shall establish a joint task 
force, to be known as the ``Agricultural Trade Enforcement Task Force'' 
(referred to in this section as the ``Task Force'').
    (b) Duties.--
            (1) In general.--The Task Force shall--
                    (A) identify trade barriers to United States 
                agricultural exports that are vulnerable to dispute 
                settlement under the World Trade Organization (``WTO'') 
                or other trade agreements;
                    (B) develop and implement a strategy for enforcing 
                violations of trade agreements related to these trade 
                barriers;
                    (C) identify like-minded trading partners for 
                specific trade barriers that could act as co-
                complainants or primary complainants on disputes that 
                are systemically or economically important to the 
                United States; and
                    (D) report quarterly to Congress on progress 
                towards resolving cases or filing disputes.
            (2) Consultation.--In carrying out its duties under this 
        subsection, the Task Force shall regularly consult, to the 
        extent necessary and appropriate, with the following:
                    (A) Relevant stakeholders in the private sector, 
                including the agricultural trade advisory committees.
                    (B) Federal departments and agencies that are not 
                represented on the Task Force.
                    (C) Like-minded trading partners that are similarly 
                concerned with trade barriers and are potential 
                participants in the dispute settlement process.
    (c) Membership.--
            (1) In general.--The Task Force shall be comprised of the 
        following members:
                    (A) One or more employees of the Foreign 
                Agricultural Service, who shall be appointed by the 
                Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign Agricultural 
                Affairs.
                    (B) One of more employees of the Office of the 
                United States Trade Representative, who shall be 
                appointed jointly by the General Counsel for the Office 
                of the United States Trade Representative and the Chief 
                Agricultural Negotiator.
                    (C) One or more employees of other Federal agencies 
                as needed, who shall be appointed jointly by the 
                officials specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
            (2) Qualification.--Employees of the Federal agencies 
        specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1) 
        may be appointed as members of the Task Force only if such 
        employees have appropriate expertise in agricultural trade 
        policy and trade enforcement.
    (d) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and on a quarterly basis thereafter, the 
        Task Force shall submit to Congress a report on its progress in 
        identifying and addressing trade barriers to United States 
        agricultural exports.
            (2) Matters to be included.--The report required by this 
        subsection shall include the following:
                    (A) A description of the systemic and economically 
                significant trade barriers that have been identified.
                    (B) A justification for including the identified 
                trade barriers.
                    (C) A description of the progress that has been 
                made in developing dispute settlement cases and further 
                information that is required.
                    (D) The current status of ongoing disputes at the 
                WTO and implementation of panel, arbitration, or 
                Appellate Body decisions.
            (3) Additional matters to be included in initial report.--
        The initial report required by this subsection shall, in 
        addition to the matters described in subparagraphs (A), (B), 
        (C), and (D) of paragraph (2), include a plan to file a request 
        under the WTO dispute settlement process for consultations to 
        address India's minimum price supports. The plan shall 
        include--
                    (A) an identification of like-minded trading 
                partners that could act as co-complainants or primary 
                complainants with respect to the request;
                    (B) a description of specific claims the United 
                States intends to make with respect to the request; and
                    (C) a timeline to--
                            (i) request consultations; and
                            (ii) request the establishment of a panel 
                        not later than 60 days after the date of the 
                        request for consultations if India does not 
                        provide assurances that it will address its 
                        minimum price supports.
    (e) Congressional Briefings.--The United States Trade 
Representative and the Secretary of Agriculture shall provide briefings 
on the Task Force to appropriate Members of Congress and congressional 
staff.

                          TITLE IV--NUTRITION

         Subtitle A--Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

SEC. 4101. DECLARATION OF POLICY.

    Section 2 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011) is 
amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(a)'' before ``It.'', and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Congress recognizes the supplemental nutrition assistance 
program allows low-income households to obtain supplemental food for an 
active, healthy life that supports the prevention of--
            ``(1) diet-related chronic disease, including--
                    ``(A) obesity;
                    ``(B) diabetes;
                    ``(C) hypertension;
                    ``(D) heart disease; and
                    ``(E) cancer;
            ``(2) disability;
            ``(3) premature death;
            ``(4) unsustainable health care costs; and
            ``(5) undermining of military readiness.
    ``(c) Accordingly, it is also the policy of the Congress that the 
Secretary should administer the supplemental nutrition assistance 
program in a manner that will provide participants, especially 
children, access to a variety of foods essential to optimal health and 
well-being.''.

SEC. 4102. FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS.

    (a) Self-determination for SNAP.--Title I of the Indian Self-
Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5321 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 112. SELF-DETERMINATION FOR SNAP.

    ``(a) Agriculture Self-determination Authorized.--The Secretary of 
Agriculture shall enter into self-determination contracts, in 
accordance with subsection (b), with Indian Tribes and Tribal 
organizations, on the request of any Indian Tribe by Tribal resolution, 
to plan, conduct, and administer any function, service, or activity of 
the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the 
Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) for the Indian 
Tribe.
    ``(b) Self-determination Contract.--A self-determination contract 
entered into under subsection (a) shall have the same terms and 
conditions, and be subject to the same procedures, regulations, and 
requirements, as a self-determination contract entered into under 
section 102, except that the Secretary of Agriculture and the 
Department of Agriculture shall be the appropriate Secretary and agency 
for purposes of a self-determination contract entered into under 
subsection (a).
    ``(c) Technical Assistance.--The Office of Self-Governance of the 
Bureau of Indian Affairs shall provide technical assistance regarding 
the self-determination contracts authorized under this section to--
            ``(1) the Secretary of Agriculture; and
            ``(2) Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations that request 
        that assistance.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.-- Section 4(b)(6)(E) of the 
Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(b)(5)(E)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 4103. EXCLUSIONS FROM INCOME AND RESOURCES.

    (a) Exclusions From Income.--Section 5(d) of the Food and Nutrition 
Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (7)--
                    (A) by striking ``a child who is'', and
                    (B) by striking ``17'' and inserting ``21'', and
            (2) in paragraph (18) by striking ``and'' at the end,
            (3) in paragraph (19) by striking the period at the end and 
        by inserting ``; and'', and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(20) Any payment, income, allowance, or earnings made to 
        household members derived from--
                    ``(A) any program defined in section 6(o)(1), 
                except any earnings made to a household member derived 
                from any program established under the Post-9/11 
                Veterans Educational Assistance Improvements Act of 
                2010 or the Harry W. Colmery Veterans Educational 
                Assistance Act of 2017;
                    ``(B) any program established under section 
                6(d)(4), any vocational rehabilitation program 
                established as defined in the Rehabilitation Act of 
                1973; or
                    ``(C) any refugee employment program established 
                under section 412(c) of the Immigration and Nationality 
                Act.''.
    (b)  Repeal of Certain Earned Income Inclusion.--Section 5 of the 
Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is amended by striking 
subsection (l).
    (c) Exclusion of Employment and Training Programs From Allowable 
Financial Resources.--Section 5(g) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 
2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(g)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) Exclusion of employment and training programs from 
        allowable financial resources.--The Secretary shall exclude 
        from financial resources under this subsection the value of any 
        earnings made to household members derived from--
                    ``(A) any program defined in section 6(o)(1), 
                except any earnings derived from any program 
                established under the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational 
                Assistance Improvements Act of 2010 or the Harry W. 
                Colmery Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2017;
                    ``(B) any program established under section 6(d)(4) 
                and any vocational rehabilitation program established 
                as defined in the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; or
                    ``(C) any refugee employment program established 
                under section 412(c) of the Immigration and Nationality 
                Act.''.

SEC. 4104. EARNED INCOME DEDUCTION.

    Section 5(e)(2)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2014(e)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``20'' and inserting ``22''.

SEC. 4105. SNAP EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROVIDER SERVICE REFERRALS.

    Section 6(d)(4) of the Food and Nutrition act (7 U.S.C. 2015) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(P) SNAP employment and training provider service 
                referrals.--In the case of any individual who is a 
                member of a household that received supplemental 
                nutrition assistance program benefits and who is exempt 
                from requirements by the State agency specified in 
                (d)(1)(A)(ii) of this section, the State may use 
                personnel exempt from Merit System requirements 
                specified in section 11(e)(6)(B) to screen the 
                recipient for appropriateness for participation in the 
                service program, notwithstanding any determination 
                otherwise by the State agency of eligibility of such 
                individual for such services.''.

SEC. 4106. PROHIBITED FEES.

    Section 7(h)(13)(B) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2016(h)(13)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
                    ``(B) Other fees.--
                            ``(i) Prohibition.--Neither a State, nor 
                        any agent, contractor, or subcontractor of a 
                        State who facilitates the provision of 
                        supplemental nutrition assistance program 
                        benefits in such State may impose a fee on a 
                        SNAP authorized retailer for EBT transactions 
                        including switching (as defined in subsection 
                        (j)(1)(H)) or routing such benefits, for costs 
                        to implement subsections (d) and (f)(5)(B).
                            ``(ii) Exception.--The prohibition against 
                        fees described in clause (i) shall not apply 
                        towards costs associated with equipment 
                        rentals.''.

SEC. 4107. PROHIBITION ON BENEFIT REDEMPTION BY OWNERS OF RETAIL FOOD 
              STORES.

    Section 7 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Owners of Retail Food Stores.--
            ``(1) Definition of covered person.--In this subsection, 
        the term `covered person' means a person who--
                    ``(A) is a member of a household that receives 
                benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance 
                program; and
                    ``(B) owns or is a member of a household in which 
                another member owns a retail food store that is 
                authorized to accept and redeem benefits under the 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program under section 
                9.
            ``(2) Prohibition.--A covered person shall not redeem 
        benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program at 
        a retail food store owned by the covered person or a member of 
        the household of the covered person.''.

SEC. 4108. SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM BENEFIT TRANSFER 
              TRANSACTION DATA REPORT.

    Section 9 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2018) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and'' at the 
                end,
                    (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and'', and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) parameters for third party cooperation with 
                the Secretary sufficient to carry out subsection 
                (k).'', and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Data Collection for SNAP Transactions.--
            ``(1) Collection of data.--To assist in making improvements 
        to supplemental nutrition assistance program design, for each 
        interval not greater than a 2-year period, the Secretary 
        shall--
                    ``(A) collect a statistically significant sample of 
                transaction data consisting of an aggregation of costs 
                and a description of items purchased for all customers 
                including those using supplemental nutrition assistance 
                program benefits, to the extent practicable and without 
                affecting retail food store confidential information or 
                document retention practices;
                    ``(B) prioritize consumer single sourced data as a 
                component of the aggregate summary with verified 
                purchases to capture consumers natural purchase 
                behavior; and
                    ``(C) make a summarized report of aggregated data 
                collected under subparagraph (A) available to the 
                public in a manner that prevents identification of 
                individual retail food stores, individual retail food 
                store chains, and households that use such benefits.
            ``(2) Nondisclosure.--Any data that contains information 
        specific to a retail food store, a retail food store location, 
        a person, or other entity shall be exempt from the disclosure 
        requirements of Section 552(a) of title 5 of the United States 
        Code pursuant to section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5 of the United 
        States Code. The Secretary shall limit the use or disclosure of 
        information obtained under this subsection in a manner 
        consistent with sections 9(c) and 11(e)(8).''.

SEC. 4109. PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF STATE PLANS.

    Section 11(d) of the Food and Nutrition Act (7 U.S.C. 2020(d)) is 
amended by inserting after the 1st sentence the following:
``The Secretary shall maintain a publicly available database of the 
parts of each State agency approved plan of operation in accordance 
with criteria established by the Secretary not later than 180 days 
after the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 
2024.''.

SEC. 4110. NATIONAL ACCURACY CLEARINGHOUSE.

    Section 11(x) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2020(x)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``an 
                interstate'' and inserting ``a centralized national'',
                    (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(B) Data matching.--The Secretary shall require 
                that State agencies make available to the National 
                Accuracy Clearinghouse only such information as is 
                necessary for the purpose described in subparagraph 
                (A), including the following for each member of a 
                participating household--
                            ``(i) the social security number or the 
                        social security number substitute;
                            ``(ii) the current residence of such 
                        member;
                            ``(iii) the employment status of such 
                        member;
                            ``(iv) the amount of income and whether 
                        that income is earned or unearned;
                            ``(v) that member's portion of the 
                        household monthly allotment; and
                            ``(vi) the portion of the aggregate value 
                        of household assets attributed to that 
                        member.'',
                    (C) in subparagraph (C)--
                            (i) by striking clauses (i), (ii), and 
                        (iii), and
                            (ii) by redesignating clauses (iv) and (v) 
                        as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and
                    (D) by adding at end the following:
                    ``(D) Administration.--The Secretary shall enter 
                into a contract with a single national contractor that 
                may subcontract with other entities as necessary to 
                administer the National Accuracy Clearinghouse 
                established in this paragraph.'',
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) by striking ``18 months'' and all that follows 
                through ``promulgate regulations'', and inserting the 
                following:
        `` 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, 
        and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall withdraw 
        regulations promulgated to implement the National Accuracy 
        Clearinghouse and promulgate new regulations'',
                    (B) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``from the'' 
                and inserting ``since the implementation of the'',
                    (C) in subparagraph (C) by inserting ``and 
                subsection (e)(8)'' before the semicolon at the end, 
                and
                    (D) by amending subparagraph (D) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(D) require a State agency, as determined by the 
                Secretary--
                            ``(i) to conduct initial and ongoing 
                        matches of participant and applicant data;
                            ``(ii) to identify and act on all apparent 
                        instances of duplicative participation by 
                        participants or applicants in multiple States; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) to disenroll an individual who has 
                        applied to participate in another State in a 
                        manner sufficient to allow the State in which 
                        the individual is currently applying to comply 
                        with paragraphs (3) and (9) of section 11(e); 
                        and'', and
            (3) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) by striking ``3 years'' and inserting ``1 
                year'', and
                    (B) by striking ``Agriculture Improvement Act of 
                2018'' and inserting ``Farm, Food, and National 
                Security Act of 2024''.

SEC. 4111. SNAP STAFFING FLEXIBILITY.

    Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition Act (7 U.S.C. 2020) is amended 
by adding at the end the following:
    ``(y) SNAP Staffing Flexibility.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 11(e)(6)(B), a 
        State agency (as defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition 
        Act of 2008) may, by contract with the State agency at a 
        reasonable cost in accordance with the State agency's standard 
        contracting rules, hire a contractor to undertake supplemental 
        nutrition assistance program certification or carry out any 
        other function of the State agency under such program so long 
        as--
                    ``(A) the contract does not provide incentives for 
                the agency or contractor to delay eligibility 
                determinations or to deny eligibility for individuals 
                otherwise eligible for supplemental nutrition 
                assistance program benefits; and
                    ``(B) the contractor has no direct or indirect 
                financial interest in an approved retail store.
            ``(2) Use.--A State agency may use the authority provided 
        in paragraph (1) when the State experiences increases in 
        supplemental nutrition assistance program applications or an 
        inability to timely process such applications from causes that 
        include but are not limited to--
                    ``(A) pandemics and other health emergencies,
                    ``(B) seasonal workforce cycles,
                    ``(C) temporary staffing shortages, and
                    ``(D) weather or other natural disasters.
            ``(3) Requirements.--A State agency that hires a contractor 
        under paragraph (1) shall ensure such action--
                    ``(A) is consistent with all principles under 
                section 900.603 of title 5 of the Code of Federal 
                Regulations; and
                    ``(B) is part of a blended workforce and does not 
                supplant existing merit-based personnel in the State.
            ``(4) Notification.--A State agency shall notify the 
        Secretary of its intent to use the authority provided in this 
        section and shall provide any information or data supporting 
        State agency increases in supplemental nutrition assistance 
        program applications or any inability to timely process such 
        applications.
            ``(5) Public availability.--Not later than 10 days after 
        the date of the receipt of a notification submitted by a State 
        agency under paragraph (4), the Secretary shall make publicly 
        available on the website of the Department of Agriculture the 
        notification submitted by such State agency and any 
        accompanying information or data supporting such notification 
        so submitted.
            ``(6) Program design.--Any action taken by a State agency 
        under paragraph (1) shall not be--
                    ``(A) considered to be a major change in the 
                operations of such State agency for purposes of section 
                11(a)(4) of this Act, or
                    ``(B) subject to any requirement specified in such 
                section.
            ``(7) Annual report.--The Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate, an annual report that contains--
                    ``(A) a description of measures taken to address 
                increases in supplemental nutrition assistance program 
                applications and any inability to timely process such 
                applications;
                    ``(B) information or data supporting State agency 
                notifications provided pursuant to paragraph (4); and
                    ``(C) recommendations for changes to the 
                Secretary's authority under this Act to assist the 
                Secretary, States, and local governments of States in 
                preparing for any future increases in supplemental 
                nutrition assistance program applications or inability 
                to timely process such applications.
            ``(8) Temporary staffing shortages.--In cases of temporary 
        staffing shortages, the authority provided to State agencies 
        under paragraph (1) shall--
                    ``(A) expire when the backlog of supplemental 
                nutrition assistance program applications has been 
                eliminated; and
                    ``(B) not override any collective bargaining 
                agreement or memorandum of understanding in effect 
                between the State and employees of the State or of a 
                local government of such State.''.

SEC. 4112. UPDATES TO ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESSES FOR SNAP RETAILERS.

    (a) Administrative Amendments.--Section 14(a) of the Food and 
Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2023(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``by any'' and inserting 
        ``to each of the firm's owners, officers, and managers by email 
        and via any other'',
            (2) in paragraph (3) by striking ``ten'' and inserting 
        ``30'',
            (3) by amending subparagraph (4) to read as follows:
    ``(4) If such a request is not made by such store, concern, or 
State agency or if such store, concern, or State agency otherwise fails 
to submit information in support of its position after filing a 
request, the administrative determination shall be a final 
determination, subject to the provisions of judicial review.'', and
            (4) by amending paragraph (5) to read as follows:
    ``(5) If such request is made by such store, concern, or State 
agency, such information as may be submitted by such store, concern, or 
State agency, as well as such other information as may be available, 
shall be reviewed by the person or persons designated by the Secretary, 
who shall, subject to the right of judicial review hereinafter 
provided, make a determination within 60 days after submission of such 
store's response. The agency's determination shall be final and shall 
take effect 30 days after the date of the delivery or service of such 
final notice of determination. In all administrative proceedings 
involving the denial, withdrawal, or disqualification of a retail food 
store from the supplemental nutrition assistance program, the agency 
shall bear the burden of proof of establishing that the denial, 
withdrawal, or disqualification is based on a preponderance of the 
evidence. The agency shall produce, within 10 days of any request by 
such store or its counsel, all records reviewed or relied upon by the 
agency in issuing the charge letter or other notice. Notwithstanding 
any other provision of this Act or of any other Act, the agency shall 
produce information and records otherwise prohibited from disclosure to 
counsel for such store subject to a nondisclosure agreement.''.
    (b) Reporting.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a 
study and submit the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry of the Senate, a report that contains the results of such 
study, including--
            (1) the number of times first-time trafficking offenders 
        are given a penalty of permanent disqualification in lieu of 
        civil penalty, disaggregated by--
                    (A) the number of employees and revenue; and
                    (B) the race and ethnicity of owners.
            (2) an analysis of the Anti-Fraud Locator Using Electronic 
        Benefits Transfer System (ALERT) including--
                    (A) the metrics of detecting fraudulent activity;
                    (B) how the metrics of detecting fraudulent 
                activity were determined;
                    (C) how often these metrics are updated to ensure 
                they continue to be reliable; and
                    (D) what metrics are reviewed in addition to ALERT 
                findings to determine fraudulent activity.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4113. ADJUSTMENT TO PERCENTAGE OF RECOVERED FUNDS RETAINED BY 
              STATES.

    Section 16(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2025(a)) is amended--
            (1) in the 1st sentence by striking ``35 percent'' and 
        inserting ``50 percent'', and
            (2) by inserting after the 1st sentence the following:
``A State agency shall use such funds retained only to carry out the 
supplemental nutrition assistance program, including investments in 
technology, improvements in administration and distribution, and 
actions to prevent fraud (including skimming).''.

SEC. 4114. TOLERANCE LEVEL FOR PAYMENT ERRORS.

    Section 16(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 2025(c)(1)(A)(ii)) is amended--
            (1) in subclause (I) by striking ``and'' at the end,
            (2) in subclause (II)--
                    (A) by striking ``fiscal year thereafter'' and 
                inserting ``of the fiscal years 2015 through 2024'', 
                and
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; and'', and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(III) for each fiscal year 
                                thereafter, $0.''.

SEC. 4115. PUBLIC COMMENT ON QUALITY CONTROL GUIDANCE.

    Section 16(c) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2025(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following--
            ``(10) Public comment on quality control guidance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                notice, and make available for public comment for a 
                period of not fewer than 60 days, any new or updated 
                guidance proposing substantive changes for conducting 
                quality control reviews prior to any such guidance 
                being finalized.
                    ``(B) Scope.--The requirement in (A) shall be 
                applicable to any proposed guidance reasonably expected 
                to require State agencies to make changes to systems, 
                procedures, or staffing pertaining to quality control 
                reviews or that impact verification requirements for 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits 
                recipients.
                    ``(C) Exception.--In the case of an urgent and 
                immediate need, the Secretary may issue interim final 
                guidance simultaneous with the notice and comment 
                requirements required in subparagraph (A).''.

SEC. 4116. OFFICE OF PROGRAM INTEGRITY.

    Section 16 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Office of Program Integrity.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 18 months after 
        enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, 
        the Secretary shall establish within the Food and Nutrition 
        Service an Office of Program Integrity.
            ``(2) Director.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        office of Inspector General, shall appoint a senior official to 
        serve as the Director of the Office of Program Integrity 
        (referred to in this section as the `Director').
            ``(3) Mission.--The mission of the Office of Program 
        Integrity shall be to reduce fraud, waste, and abuse in 
        nutrition programs administered by the Food and Nutrition 
        Service, and improve the development, implementation, 
        evaluation, and monitoring of nutrition programs and policies 
        administered by the Food and Nutrition Service.
            ``(4) Duties of the director.--The Director of the Office 
        of Program Integrity shall--
                    ``(A) evaluate current program integrity policies, 
                and where applicable develop and implement, in 
                coordination with the Food and Nutrition Service and 
                State agencies, program integrity policies, including 
                reporting requirements, for all nutrition programs 
                administered by the agency, including but not limited 
                to the--
                            ``(i) supplemental nutrition assistance 
                        program;
                            ``(ii) emergency food assistance program; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) commodity supplemental food 
                        program;
                    ``(B) continuously track and evaluate program 
                spending, participation, and outcomes;
                    ``(C) monitor, evaluate, and work to mitigate, 
                instances of program fraud, waste, and abuse by the 
                Food and Nutrition Service, State agencies, and program 
                participants;
                    ``(D) annually prepare and submit to the Committee 
                on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of 
                the Senate, reports on program trends, outcomes, 
                recommendations, and instances of fraud, waste, and 
                abuse where enforcement action was not taken, which 
                shall be made publicly available; and
                    ``(E) at the Director's discretion, and after 
                informing the Secretary, refer instances of program 
                fraud by the Food and Nutrition Service, State 
                agencies, and program participants, to appropriate law 
                enforcement agencies.
            ``(5) Collaboration.--In carrying out the duties required 
        under paragraph (4), the Director shall collaborate with other 
        Federal Departments and Agencies with offices or functions 
        similar to the Office of Program Integrity to identify and 
        incorporate best practices.''.

SEC. 4117. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    The 1st sentence of section 18(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act 
of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2027(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ```2029''.

SEC. 4118. ASSISTANCE FOR COMMUNITY FOOD PROJECTS.

    Section 25(b)(2) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2034(b)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``year 2019 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter.'' and inserting ``years 2019 through 
        2024; and''; and
            (3) by adding at end the following:
                    ``(E) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter.''.

SEC. 4119. EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) Direct Purchase of Commodities.--Section 202 of the Emergency 
Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7502) is amended by inserting 
after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Direct Purchase of Commodities.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Eligible state.--The term `eligible State' 
                has the meaning given the term in section 4206(b) of 
                the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
                7518(b)).
                    ``(B) Entitlement funds.--The term `entitlement 
                funds', with respect to an eligible State, means the 
                dollar amount used by the Secretary to purchase 
                commodities pursuant to section 27 of the Food and 
                Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036) to distribute to 
                the eligible State in accordance with section 214.
            ``(2) Direct purchase.--The Secretary shall allow an 
        eligible State to elect to receive all of the entitlement funds 
        of the eligible State as cash to make direct purchases of 
        commodities through the private commercial marketplace.''.
    (b) State and Local Supplementation of Commodities.--Section 
203D(d)(5) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 
7507(d)(5)) is amended--
            (1) by striking `` subsection'' and inserting the 
        following:
`` subsection--
                    ``(A)'';
            (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
        and''; and
            (3) by adding at end the following:
                    ``(B) $6,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
                through 2029, to remain available until the end of the 
                subsequent fiscal year.''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 204(a)(1) of the 
Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7508(a)(1)) is amended 
by striking ``year 2008'' and inserting ``years 2008 through 2024, and 
$200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.
    (d) Emergency Food Program Infrastructure Grants.--Section 209(d) 
of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7511a(d)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (e) Availability of Commodities for the Emergency Food Assistance 
Program.--Section 27(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2036(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2025''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) by striking ``2023'' the 1st place it 
                        appears and inserting ``2025'';
                            (ii) in clause (ix) by striking ``fiscal 
                        year 2023'' and inserting ``each of the fiscal 
                        years 2023 and 2024''; and
                            (iii) by adding at end the following:
                            ``(x) for fiscal year 2025, $40,000,000; 
                        and'', and
                    (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                            (i) by striking ``2024'' and inserting 
                        ``2026''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``(D)(ix)'' and inserting 
                        ``(D)(x)''.

SEC. 4120. NUTRITION EDUCATION.

    Section 28 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036a) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (1)(B) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(B) through agreements or partnerships with other 
                State or local agencies, nonprofit organizations, 
                schools, Reserve Officers' Training Corps, or community 
                organizations.'',
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                            (i) in clause (i) by inserting ``, 
                        including how the projects will reach a broad 
                        age range of individuals and how each local 
                        project will be evaluated by the local 
                        partner'' before the semicolon at the end,
                            (ii) in clause (ii)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``of all ages'' 
                                after ``individuals'', and
                                    (II) by striking ``constrained'', 
                                and
                            (iii) in clause (iii)--
                                    (I) in item (hh) by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end, and
                                    (II) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                            ``(JJ) cost of conducting 
                                        research to assess and evaluate 
                                        the projects; and'',
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(i) by inserting 
                        ``culinary and'' after ``group-based'', and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in clause (iii) by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end,
                                    (II) in clause (iv) by striking the 
                                period at the end and inserting a 
                                semicolon, and
                                    (III) by adding at end the 
                                following:
                            ``(v) healthcare practitioners and 
                        community health workers; and
                            ``(vi) educators.'',
                    (D) in paragraph (6) by inserting ``evidence-based 
                and'' after ``section are'',
                    (E) in paragraph (9)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, based on external 
                        review by non-government experts with 
                        recognized expertise in quality of evidence 
                        evaluation'' after ``report that'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)(iii) by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B) by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at end the following:
                    ``(C) includes comprehensive analysis of the 
                impacts, outcomes, and efficacy of all projects 
                described in subparagraph (8).'', and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) Project evaluation.--Project recipients shall use 
        not less than 5 percent of funds received for process and 
        impact evaluation and may contract with land-grant colleges and 
        universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National 
        Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
        1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to carry out this evaluation.'',
            (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (E) by striking ``and'' at the 
                end, and
                    (B) in subparagraph (F)--
                            (i) by striking ``2016 and each subsequent 
                        fiscal year'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2016 
                        through 2024'', and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting a semicolon, and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) for fiscal year 2025, $521,000,000; and
                    ``(H) for fiscal year 2026 and each subsequent 
                fiscal year, the applicable amount during the preceding 
                fiscal year, as adjusted to reflect any increases for 
                the 12-month period ending the preceding June 30 in the 
                Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published 
                by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of 
                Labor."''.
            (3) by adding at end the following:
    ``(f) Proposed Unification of Nutrition Education Programs.--
            ``(1) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, 
        the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, in 
        consultation with the Director of the National Institute of 
        Food and Agriculture, and the Secretary of Health and Human 
        Services, shall issue recommendations to Congress on how to 
        unify the nutrition education and obesity prevention grant 
        program under this section with the expanded food and nutrition 
        education program under section 1425 of the National 
        Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
        1977 (7 U.S.C. 3175). In developing these recommendations, the 
        Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, the Director 
        of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and the 
        Secretary of Health and Human Services shall consider the 
        policy options described in the Comptroller General report 
        described in paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Comptroller general.--Not later than 2 years after 
        the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security 
        Act of 2024, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
        finalize and submit to the United States House of 
        Representatives Committees on Agriculture, and Energy and 
        Commerce, a report that examines policy options to unify the 
        nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program under 
        this section with the expanded food and nutrition education 
        program under section 1425 of the National Agricultural 
        Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
        3175).".''.

SEC. 4121. RETAIL FOOD STORE AND RECIPIENT TRAFFICKING.

    Section 29(c)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2036b) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 4122. REPEAL OF DENIAL OF BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN DRUG-RELATED 
              CONVICTIONS.

    (a) Repealer.--Section 115 of the Personal Responsibility and Work 
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (21 U.S.C. 862a) is amended--
            (1) in the heading by striking ``and benefits'',
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``, or'' at the 
                end and inserting a period,
                    (B) by striking ``for--'' and all that follows 
                through ``(1)'', and inserting ``for'', and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (2),
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``and Benefits for Others'' and all 
                that follows through ``families'', and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2),
            (4) in subsection (c) by striking ``or benefits'', and
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``, and'' at the 
                end and inserting a period,
                    (B) by striking ``it--'' and all that follows 
                through ``(1)'', and inserting ``it'', and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (2).
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The Personal Responsibility and Work 
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 is amended in the table of 
contents by striking the item relating to section 115 and inserting the 
following:

``Sec. 115. Denial of assistance for certain drug-related 
                            convictions.''.''.
    (c) Comparable Treatment for Disqualification.--Section 6(i) of the 
Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(i) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(i) Comparable Treatment for Disqualification.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Disqualification.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), if a disqualification is imposed on a 
                household member for a failure of the member to perform 
                an action required under a Federal, State, or local law 
                relating to a means-tested public assistance program, 
                the State agency may impose the same disqualification 
                on the member of the household under the supplemental 
                nutrition assistance program.
                    ``(B) Exception.--A State agency may not impose a 
                disqualification under subparagraph (A) for a felony-
                drug conviction or for a failure to satisfy an action 
                required under a Federal, State, or local law relating 
                to a means-tested public assistance program that was 
                required as a result of a felony drug conviction.
            ``(2) Rules and procedures.--If a disqualification is 
        imposed under paragraph (1) for a failure of a household member 
        to perform an action required under part A of title IV of the 
        Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), the State agency 
        may use the rules and procedures that apply under part A of 
        title IV of the Act to impose the same disqualification under 
        the supplemental nutrition assistance program, provided that 
        there may be no disqualification under the supplemental 
        nutrition assistance program for a felony-drug conviction or 
        for a failure to satisfy an action required under a Federal, 
        State, or local law relating to a means-tested public 
        assistance program that was required as a result of a felony 
        drug conviction.
            ``(3) Application after disqualification period.--A 
        household member disqualified under paragraph (1) may, after 
        the disqualification period has expires, apply for supplemental 
        nutrition assistance program benefits and shall be treated as a 
        new applicant, except that a prior disqualification under 
        subsection (d) shall be considered in determining eligibility.
            ``(4) Felony drug conviction.--In this subsection, the term 
        `felony drug conviction' means a criminal conviction under a 
        Federal or State law that includes an element that is the 
        possession, use, or distribution of a controlled substance as 
        defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 
        U.S.C. 802).''.

SEC. 4123. RESIDENTS OF INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 3(m)(5) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2012(m)(5)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) Incarcerated individuals who are scheduled to 
                be released from an institution within 30 days.''.

SEC. 4124. BLOCK GRANTS FOR PUERTO RICO AND AMERICAN SAMOA.

    Section 19(a)(2) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2028(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) in clause (i) by striking ``2003, 
                $1,401,000,000'' and inserting ``2025, 
                $1,451,000,000'', and
                    (B) in clause (ii) by striking ``2002'' and 
                inserting ``2024'',
            (2) in subparagraph (B)(i) by striking ``2003'' and 
        inserting ``2025'',
            (3) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``2003'' and inserting 
        ``2025'', and
            (4) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``2002'' and inserting 
        ``2024''.

SEC. 4125. ELDERLY SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION PROGRAM.

    The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 31. ELDERLY SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the effective date 
of this section, the Secretary shall establish a program, to be known 
as the `elderly simplified application program' (referred to in this 
section as `ESAP'), under which a State, in carrying out the 
supplemental nutrition assistance program, may elect to implement a 
streamlined application and certification process for households in 
which all adult members--
            ``(1) are elderly or disabled members; and
            ``(2) have no earned income.
    ``(b) Certification Period.--The certification period for 
participants in ESAP shall be 36 months.
    ``(c) Income and Other Data Verification.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State agency determining the 
        eligibility for an applicant household under ESAP shall, 
        notwithstanding section 11(e)(3)--
                    ``(A) to the maximum extent practicable, use data 
                matching for income verification and household size; 
                and
                    ``(B) allow self-declaration by the household of 
                the information required under section 273.2(f) of 
                title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations (or 
                successor regulations), subject to household 
                certification after verification of the information 
                provided that relates to eligibility factors and that 
                the State agency determines is questionable.
            ``(2) Accountability and fraud prevention.--In carrying out 
        paragraph (1), a State agency shall establish accountability 
        and fraud protection measures to deter fraud and ensure the 
        integrity of ESAP and the supplemental nutrition assistance 
        program.
    ``(d) Interviews.--Notwithstanding section 11(e)(6)(A), for 
recertification of a household under ESAP, the State agency shall not 
require an interview unless requested by the household, which may be 
conducted virtually.
    ``(e) Guidance.--Before establishment of ESAP under subsection (a), 
the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service shall develop 
guidance for States, after consultation with States, to carry out ESAP, 
including--
            ``(1) general implementation guidelines;
            ``(2) reporting requirements;
            ``(3) quality control requirements; and
            ``(4) best practices.''.

SEC. 4126. AMENDMENT TO CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2023.

    Section 501 of title IV of division HH of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2023, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(e) Exclusively Out-of-State Purchases.--The State agency shall 
review and, where appropriate, suspend the accounts of households for 
which EBT card transactions are made exclusively out-of-State for a 
period longer than 90 days, until--
            ``(1) the household affirmatively provides substantiating 
        evidence that the members of the household who are program 
        participants still reside in the State from which they receive 
        benefits; or
            ``(2) an inquiry is conducted and conclusively determines 
        that the members of the household who are program participants 
        still reside in the State from which they receive benefits.''.

SEC. 4127. MODIFICATION OF STATE PLAN REQUIREMENT.

    Section 11(e) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2020(e)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (24); and
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (25) and (26) as paragraphs 
        (24) and (25), respectively.

SEC. 4128. FOOD SECURITY AND DIET QUALITY REPORT.

    The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), as 
amended by section 4125, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 32. FOOD SECURITY AND DIET QUALITY REPORT.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the effective date 
of this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and 
the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report 
on food security and diet quality in the United States.
    ``(b) Contents.--The report required to be submitted under 
subsection (a) shall include--
            ``(1) an analysis of the food security and diet quality of 
        participants and nonparticipants in the supplemental nutrition 
        assistance program;
            ``(2)(A) a summary of legislative and Executive branch 
        changes made to the supplemental nutrition assistance program 
        in the year covered by the report that are intended to improve 
        food security and diet quality; and
                    ``(B) an analysis of the impact and effectiveness 
                of those changes on food security and diet quality; and
            ``(3) recommendations to the Congress on how to improve 
        food security and diet quality for participants and 
        nonparticipants in the supplemental nutrition assistance 
        program.''.

SEC. 4129. NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, AND MEDICINE 
              STUDY AND REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the 
Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the Food 
and Nutrition Service, shall contract with the National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to carry out a study to assess the 
efficacy of allowing hot foods or hot food products ready for immediate 
consumption to be purchased with supplemental nutrition assistance 
program benefits issued under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), including the impact on diet quality, purchasing 
power, and access to food.
    (b) Inclusions.--The study pursuant to the contract under 
subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) an assessment of currently available data, including 
        data of instances of temporary emergency standards which 
        disrupt commercial channels of food distribution where the 
        prohibition on hot foods or hot food products ready for 
        immediate consumption was temporarily lifted;
            (2) an assessment of participating households' diet 
        quality, including whether diet quality would improve or worsen 
        upon the termination of the prohibition on hot foods or hot 
        food products ready for immediate consumption;
            (3) an assessment of food access, including changes in the 
        types of foods accessed for eligible households participating 
        in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program upon the 
        termination of the prohibition on hot foods or hot food 
        products ready for immediate consumption;
            (4) an assessment of participating households' purchasing 
        power of current supplemental nutrition assistance program 
        allotments compared with what the purchasing power would be 
        upon the termination of the prohibition on hot foods or hot 
        food products ready for immediate consumption; and
            (5) factors for the Congress to contemplate if considering 
        the authorization of a pilot to test the termination of the 
        prohibition on hot foods or hot food products ready for 
        immediate consumption.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 
shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives a report on the study carried out under subsection (a) 
to determine whether a pilot program for the termination of the 
prohibition on hot foods or hot food products ready for immediate 
consumption is warranted.
    (d) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the 
Secretary of Agriculture shall make available to carry out this section 
$1,000,000, to remain available until expended.

              Subtitle B--Commodity Distribution Programs

SEC. 4201. COMMODITY DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM.

    (a) Seniors Farmers' Market Nutrition Program.--Section 4402(a) of 
the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3007(a)) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking ``$20,600,000'' and inserting 
        ``$22,600,000''; and
            (2) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Expansion of the Seniors Farmers' Market Nutrition Program.--
Section 4402(b)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 3007(b)(1)) is amended by striking ``and herbs'' and 
inserting ``herbs, and maple syrup''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--The 1st sentence of section 
4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 
612c note) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 4202. COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM.

    Section 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 
U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93-86) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'', and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                ``2029'',
            (2) in subsection (d)(2), in the 1st sentence, by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (3) by amending subsection (g)(1) to read as follows--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in subsection (m)--
                    ``(A) the States shall only provide assistance 
                under the commodity supplemental food program to low-
                income persons aged 60 and older; and
                    ``(B) any amount deducted from social security 
                payments for premiums paid under part B of title XVIII 
                of the Social Security Act shall not be considered 
                income for the purposes of this section.'', and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(n) Commodity Supplemental Food Program Delivery Pilot Program.--
            ``(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to award 
        grants for the operation of projects that increase the access 
        of low-income elderly persons to commodities through home 
        delivery or other means and to evaluate such projects.
            ``(2) In general.--The Secretary shall award, on a 
        competitive basis, grants directly to State agencies, or to 
        State agencies on behalf of eligible entities, to carry out the 
        activities described in paragraph (5).
            ``(3) Maximum grant award.--A grant awarded to a State 
        agency under this subsection shall not exceed--
                    ``(A) the greater of--
                            ``(i) the State's commodity supplemental 
                        food program caseload at time of application 
                        multiplied by 60; or
                            ``(ii) $10,000; or
                    ``(B) $4,000,000;
                whichever is less.
            ``(4) Application.--A State agency seeking a grant under 
        this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an application in 
        such form, at such time, and containing such information as the 
        Secretary may require.
            ``(5) Grant uses.--A State agency awarded a grant under 
        this subsection shall distribute grant funds to eligible 
        entities to operate projects that facilitate delivery of 
        commodities to participants in the commodity supplemental food 
        program, including with respect to costs associated with--
                    ``(A) transportation and distribution of 
                commodities to participants in the commodity 
                supplemental food program, including transportation and 
                distribution services provided by a third party;
                    ``(B) staffing required to operate delivery 
                services; and
                    ``(C) outreach to participants or potential 
                participants in the commodity supplemental food program 
                with respect to home delivery.
            ``(6) Priority.--A State agency awarded a grant under this 
        subsection must prioritize eligible entities that serve 
        participants in the commodity supplemental food program who 
        reside in a rural area.
            ``(7) Report to the secretary.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the end of the fiscal year in which a State agency is 
        awarded a grant under this subsection and has distributed grant 
        funds to eligible entities, and in each succeeding fiscal year 
        until grant funds are expended, a State agency shall submit a 
        report to the Secretary that includes--
                    ``(A) a summary of the activities carried out under 
                the project, including the quantity of commodities 
                delivered, number of participants in the commodity 
                supplemental food program served, and total number of 
                deliveries;
                    ``(B) an assessment of the effectiveness of the 
                project, including a calculation of the average cost 
                per delivery, and an evaluation of any services 
                provided by a third party; and
                    ``(C) best practices regarding use of home delivery 
                to improve the effectiveness of the commodity 
                supplemental food program.
            ``(8) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Terms in regulations.--The term `State 
                agency', `local agency', and `subdistributing agency' 
                have the meanings given such terms in section 247.1 of 
                title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations (or any 
                successor regulations).
                    ``(B) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 
                means--
                            ``(i) a local agency;
                            ``(ii) a subdistributing agency;
                    ``(C) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the 
                meaning given such term in section 343(a) of the 
                Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
                1991(a)).
            ``(9) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $10,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to remain available 
        until expended.''.

SEC. 4203. DISTRIBUTION OF SURPLUS COMMODITIES TO SPECIAL NUTRITION 
              PROJECTS.

    Section 1114(a)(2)(A) of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7 
U.S.C. 1431e(a)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 4204. COMMODITY SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION PROJECT 
              FOR TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS.

    (a) Demonstration Project for Tribal Organizations.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Demonstration project.--The term 
                `demonstration project' means the demonstration project 
                established under paragraph (2).''.
                    (A) Food distribution program.--The term ``food 
                distribution program'' means the commodity supplemental 
                food program identified in section 4 of the Agriculture 
                and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c 
                note; Public Law 93-86).
                    (B) Indian reservation.--The term ``Indian 
                reservation'' has the meaning given the term 
                ``reservation'' in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition 
                Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012).
                    (C) Indian tribe.--The term ``Indian Tribe'' has 
                the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian 
                Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 
                U.S.C. 5304).
                    (D) Self-determination contract.--The term ``self-
                determination contract'' has the meaning given the term 
                in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
                Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304) with 
                modification as determined by the Secretary.
                    (E) Tribal organization.--The term ``Tribal 
                organization'' has the meaning given the term in 
                section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
                U.S.C. 2012).
            (2) Establishment.--Subject to the availability of 
        appropriations, the Secretary shall establish a demonstration 
        project under which 1 or more Tribal organizations may enter 
        into self-determination contracts to purchase agricultural 
        commodities under the food distribution program for the Indian 
        reservation of that Tribal organization.
            (3) Eligibility.--
                    (A) Consultation.--The Secretary shall consult with 
                Indian Tribes to determine the process and criteria 
                under which a Tribal organization may participate in 
                the demonstration project.
                    (B) Criteria.--The Secretary shall select for 
                participation in the demonstration project Tribal 
                organizations that--
                            (i) are successfully administering the food 
                        distribution program of the Tribal organization 
                        under section 4(b)(2)(B) of the Agriculture and 
                        Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c 
                        note);
                            (ii) have the capacity to purchase 
                        agricultural commodities in accordance with 
                        paragraph (4) for the food distribution program 
                        of the Tribal organization; and
                            (iii) meet any other criteria determined by 
                        the Secretary, in consultation with the 
                        Secretary of the Interior and Indian tribes.
            (4) Procurement of agricultural commodities.--Any 
        agricultural commodities purchased by a Tribal organization 
        under the demonstration project shall--
                    (A) be domestically produced;
                    (B) not result in a material increase in the amount 
                of food in the food package of that Tribal organization 
                compared to the amount of food that the Secretary 
                authorized to be provided through the Commodity 
                Supplemental Food Program Guide Rate;
                    (C) be of similar or higher nutritional value as 
                the type of agricultural commodities that would be 
                supplanted in the existing food package for that Tribal 
                organization or be an agricultural commodity with 
                Tribal significance to that Indian Tribe; and
                    (D) meet any other criteria determined by the 
                Secretary.
            (5) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which 
        funds are appropriated under paragraph (6) and annually 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
        on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report 
        describing the activities carried out under the demonstration 
        project during the preceding year.
            (6) Funding.--
                    (A) Authorization of appropriations.--There is 
                authorized to be appropriated to carry out this 
                subsection $5,000,000, to remain available until 
                expended.
                    (B) Appropriations in advance.--Only funds 
                appropriated under subparagraph (A) in advance 
                specifically to carry out this subsection shall be 
                available to carry out this subsection.
    (b) Administration of Tribal Self-determination Contracts.--
            (1) Administration.--The Secretary shall appoint an 
        existing office of the United States Department of Agriculture 
        to administer Tribal self-determination contracts to include 
        but not limited to:
                    (A) awarding of Food and Nutrition Service 
                nutrition program self-determination contracts to 
                selected Tribal organizations; and
                    (B) hiring contract officers and program staff in 
                order to manage the selection of Tribal organizations 
                and execution of self-determination contracts.
            (2) Staffing minimum funding.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision of law, there is authorized to be appropriated 
        $1,200,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 for the 
        payment of Department contract officers and program staff 
        salaries and benefits.

                       Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

SEC. 4301. PURCHASE OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FOR DISTRIBUTION TO 
              SCHOOLS AND SERVICE INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 10603(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 612c-4(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 4302. FOOD BOX PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through 
the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service and in 
consultation with the Food and Nutrition Service, shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
        of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024--
                    (A) establish a pilot program for the purpose of 
                procuring and distributing foods from the categories of 
                staple foods listed in section 3(q) of the Food and 
                Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(q)) that align 
                with dietary patterns as defined in the most recent 
                Dietary Guidelines for Americans; and
                    (B) publish guidance for participation in such 
                program; and
            (2) not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment 
        of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, enter 
        into contracts with eligible entities to carry out not more 
        than 20 pilot projects under such program.
    (b) Goals.--The pilot program established under subsection (a) 
shall be designed--
            (1) to supplement, not supplant, the nutrition of food 
        insecure households in a manner complementary to other food 
        nutrition programs administered by the Department;
            (2) to expand the capacity of nonprofit organizations, 
        including community-based and faith-based organizations; and
            (3) to support local and regional food systems to improve 
        food access.
    (c) Selection Criteria.--In determining whether to award contracts 
under subsection (a), the Secretary may consider whether an eligible 
entity--
            (1) demonstrates the capability to meet the program goals 
        in subsection (b);
            (2) offers a price inclusive of all inspection, 
        transportation, and distribution costs, including last mile 
        distribution;
            (3) proposes to deliver a variety of staple foods 
        determined by the Secretary to be the best value using trade-
        offs among evaluation factors other than lowest price or 
        highest technical rating;
            (4) demonstrates an established network of partners or 
        affiliates with distribution and logistics capability to 
        provide last mile delivery to individuals in need;
            (5) will engage small- and medium-sized farmers or 
        retailers, or distributors who source from such farmers; or
            (6) will source local and regional products relative to the 
        proposed distribution area when commercially and seasonally 
        available at a fair and reasonable price.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than one year after the entering 
into a contract to carry out this section, the Secretary shall submit 
to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a 
report on the status of activities carried out under this section, 
including--
            (1) the amount and types of products purchased and the 
        proximity to relevant distribution points;
            (2) the distribution data for each project sufficient to 
        identify all partners involved and their respective roles in 
        the distribution process, the means of distribution and the 
        ultimate destination of products;
            (3) the number of farms sourced from;
            (4) the number of boxes delivered to households and number 
        of households receiving boxes; and
            (5) the associated economic impact of each project.
    (e) Eligible Entities.--In this section the term ``eligible 
entity'' includes--
            (1) small- and medium-sized farmers, as determined by the 
        Secretary;
            (2) distributors with demonstrated capacity to source from 
        small- and medium-sized farmers; and
            (3) recipient and nonprofit organizations with expertise in 
        management or administration of food distribution, including--
                    (A) faith-based organizations that distributes food 
                or meals;
                    (B) Tribal organizations that distribute food or 
                meals;
                    (C) child or adult care centers; and
                    (D) any other similar feeding entity, as determined 
                by the Secretary.
    (f) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the 
Secretary shall make available to carry out this section $100,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026, to remain available until 
expended.

SEC. 4303. NUTRITION STANDARDS FOR FOOD DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMS.

    (a) Regulations.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate 
regulations with respect to nutrition guidelines for food distributed 
under the programs established under--
            (1) section 4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection 
        Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c note);
            (2) the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 
        7501); and
            (3) section 4(b) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
        U.S.C. 2013(b)).
    (b) Requirements.--In promulgating regulations under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall--
            (1) ensure that the food products distributed under the 
        programs described in such subsection are consistent with the 
        goals of the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans 
        published under section 301 of the National Nutrition 
        Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5341) and 
        designed to meet the quantitative recommendations of such 
        Guidelines; and
            (2) Ensure that the nutrition standards reflect the 
        different cultural and religious dietary needs of the 
        populations being served food products under the programs 
        described in such subsection.

SEC. 4304. GUIDANCE REGARDING NOTIFYING CERTAIN STUDENTS REGARDING SNAP 
              BENEFITS.

    The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), as 
amended by sections 4125 and 4128, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 33. GUIDANCE REGARDING NOTIFYING CERTAIN STUDENTS REGARDING SNAP 
              BENEFITS.

    ``(a) Guidance.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall issue guidance 
to States on how to identify and notify eligible students who are 
likely to qualify for the supplemental nutrition assistance program.
    ``(b) Consultation.--In issuing the guidance under subsection (a), 
the Secretary of Agriculture may consult with the Secretary of 
Education.
    ``(c) Eligible Student Defined.--In this section, the term 
`eligible student' means a student receiving work-study assistance 
under part C of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965.''.

SEC. 4305. BUY AMERICAN REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN SCHOOL MEALS.

    (a) In General.--Section 12(n)(2)(A) of the Richard B. Russell 
National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1760(n)(2)(A)) is amended to read 
as follows:
                    ``(A) Requirements.--
                            ``(i) Purchase expenditures by category.--
                        Subject to clause (ii) and subparagraph (B), 
                        the Secretary shall require that a school food 
                        authority purchase, with respect to each food 
                        purchase category designated by the 
                        Agricultural Marketing Service, at least 95 
                        percent domestic products and commodities in 
                        each such category for each school year.
                            ``(ii) Domestically unavailable food 
                        articles.--Domestically unavailable products 
                        and commodities included on a list issued 
                        pursuant to clause (iii) with respect to a 
                        school year and purchased by a school food 
                        authority during such school year shall not be 
                        used to calculate whether such school food 
                        authority meets the requirements under clause 
                        (i).
                            ``(iii) Updated list.-- Not later than 6 
                        months after the date of the enactment of this 
                        subparagraph, and every 2 years thereafter, the 
                        Secretary shall make available to school food 
                        authorities a list of domestically unavailable 
                        products.''.
    (b) Application.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply 
to school food authorities beginning on the first day of the first 
school year that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4306. REAUTHORIZATION OF THE GUS SCHUMACHER NUTRITION INCENTIVE 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 4405 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 7517) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by amending subparagraph (C) 
                to read as follows:
                    ``(C) Federal share.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii) and subparagraph (D)(iii), the 
                        Federal share of the cost of carrying out an 
                        activity under this subsection shall not exceed 
                        50 percent of the total cost of the activity.
                            ``(ii) Waiver for persistent poverty 
                        counties.--The Secretary may waive the 
                        application of clause (i) in the case of an 
                        activity carried out in a county that, during 
                        the preceding 30-year period has had a 
                        population of which greater than or equal to 20 
                        percent of such population are living in 
                        poverty (as measured by the most recent 
                        decennial censuses).''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                            (i) by redesignating clauses (ix) and (x) 
                        as clauses (x) and (xi); and
                            (ii) by inserting after clause (viii) the 
                        following:
                            ``(ix) increase year-round availability of 
                        incentives by offering all forms of fruits or 
                        vegetables;''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by striking ``fresh fruits and vegetables'' and 
                inserting ``all forms of fruits, vegetables, and 
                legumes'' each place it appears; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Transition to health and human services.--
                    ``(A) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National 
                Security Act of 2024, the Secretary, in consultation 
                with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall 
                issue recommendations to Congress on how to transition 
                the produce prescription program established under this 
                subsection to the Department of Health and Human 
                Services to be administered by the Secretary of Health 
                and Human Services. In developing these 
                recommendations, the Secretary and the Secretary of 
                Health and Human Services, shall consider the policy 
                option described in the Comptroller General report 
                described in subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) Comptroller general.--Not later than 18 
                months after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, 
                and National Security Act of 2024, the Comptroller 
                General of the United States shall finalize and submit 
                to the United States House of Representatives 
                Committees on Agriculture, and Energy and Commerce, a 
                report that examines policy options relating to the 
                transition of the produce prescription program 
                established under this subsection to the Department of 
                Health and Human Services to be administered by the 
                Secretary of Health and Human Services.
            ``(7) Termination of authority.--The authority to carry out 
        this subsection shall terminate on September 30, 2029.''; and
            (3) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(G), by striking 
                ``$56,000,000'' and inserting ``$75,000,000''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``2023'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``2029'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``8 
                        percent'' and inserting ``7 percent''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking 
                        ``$7,000,000'' and inserting ``$4,000,000''.

SEC. 4307. FOOD LOSS AND WASTE REDUCTION LIAISON ANNUAL REPORT.

    Section 224(e)(2) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization 
Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6924(e)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by inserting ``Annual'' before 
        ``Report'';
            (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting 
        ``and annually thereafter,'' before ``the Secretary shall'';
            (3) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (4) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) a general description of each project and 
                activity implemented pursuant to this section;
                    ``(D) a summary of the cooperative agreements 
                entered into pursuant to subsection (c);
                    ``(E) a detailed account of how the Secretary 
                avoided, managed, or will manage market disruption; and
                    ``(F) a summary of coordinated activities with the 
                Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency 
                and the Commissioner of the Food and Drug 
                Administration, including interagency communication and 
                coordination related to the promotion or exclusion of 
                practices and technologies to limit food waste.''.

SEC. 4308. HEALTHY FOOD FINANCING INITIATIVE.

    Section 243(d) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act 
of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6953(d)) is amended by striking ``$125,000,000'' and 
inserting ``$135,000,000''.

SEC. 4309. MICRO-GRANTS FOR FOOD SECURITY.

    Section 4206(g)(1) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 7518(g)(1)) is amended by striking ``$10,000,000'' and inserting 
``$30,000,000''.

SEC. 4310. HEALTHY FLUID MILK INCENTIVES PROJECTS.

    Section 4208 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
2026a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``flavoring or'' 
                and inserting ``artificial'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2); and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                paragraphs (2) and (3); and
            (2) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking `` $20,000,000'' 
                and inserting ``$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                2025 through 2029'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or made 
                available under paragraph (3)'' before ``shall be''; 
                and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry 
        out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
        through 2029, to remain available until expended.''.

                            TITLE V--CREDIT

                    Subtitle A--Farm Ownership Loans

SEC. 5101. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR REAL ESTATE LOANS.

    Section 302(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1922(a)) is amended--
            (1) in the 2nd sentence of paragraph (1), by striking ``a 
        majority'' each place it appears and inserting ``at least a 50 
        percent'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B) 
        and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall 
                be considered to meet the operator requirement of 
                paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only 
                entities.-- An applicant that is or will become only 
                the operator of farm real estate acquired, improved, or 
                supported with funds under this subtitle shall be 
                considered to meet the owner-operator requirements of 
                paragraph (1) if 1 or more of the individuals who is an 
                owner of the farm real estate owns at least 50 percent 
                (or such other percentage as the Secretary determines 
                is appropriate) of the applicant.
                    ``(C) Eligibility of certain embedded entities.--An 
                entity that is an owner-operator described in paragraph 
                (1), or an operator described in subparagraph (B) of 
                this paragraph that is owned, in whole or in part, by 1 
                or more other entities, shall be considered to meet the 
                direct ownership requirement imposed under paragraph 
                (1) if at least 75 percent of the total ownership 
                interests of the embedded entity, or of the other 
                entities, is owned, directly or indirectly, by 
                qualified operators of the farm acquired, improved, or 
                supported with funds under this subtitle.''.

SEC. 5102. EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS.

    Section 302(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1922(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding subparagraph 
        (A), by striking ``3 years'' and inserting ``2 years''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``3-year'' and 
                                inserting ``2-year''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``1 or 2 years'' 
                                and inserting ``1 year'';
                            (ii) in clause (iii), by inserting ``or 
                        operational'' before ``responsibilities'';
                            (iii) in clause (vii), by striking ``or''; 
                        and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ix) met any other criteria established 
                        by the Secretary; or''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``3-year'' and 
                inserting ``2- year''.

SEC. 5103. CONSERVATION LOAN AND LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM.

    Section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1924) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``1985.'' and 
                inserting ``1985 (16 U.S.C. 3812); and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) producers who use the loans to adopt precision 
        agriculture practices or acquire precision agriculture 
        technologies, including adoption or acquisition for the purpose 
        of participating in the environmental quality incentives 
        program under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title 
        XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa et 
        seq.).''; and
            (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 5104. LIMITATIONS ON AMOUNT OF FARM OWNERSHIP LOANS.

    Section 305(a)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1925(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``$600,000, or, in the 
case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased, 
beginning with fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$850,000, or, in the 
case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $3,500,000 (increased, 
beginning with fiscal year 2025''.

SEC. 5105. INFLATION PERCENTAGE.

    Section 305(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1925(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``of the Prices Paid By 
        Farmers Index (as compiled by the National Agricultural 
        Statistics Service of the Department of Agriculture) for the 
        12-month period ending on July 31 of the immediately preceding 
        fiscal year'' and inserting ``of the per acre average United 
        States farm real estate value, the per acre average United 
        States cropland value, and the per acre average United States 
        pasture value for the preceding year (as published in the 
        applicable Agricultural Land Values report of the National 
        Agricultural Statistics Service of the Department of 
        Agriculture), weighted equally''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``of such index (as so 
        defined) for the 12-month period that immediately precedes the 
        12-month period described in paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``of 
        the per acre average United States farm real estate value, the 
        per acre average United States cropland value, and the per acre 
        average United States pasture value for the year immediately 
        preceding the year described in paragraph (1) (as so 
        published), weighted equally''.

SEC. 5106. AUTHORITY OF FARM CREDIT SYSTEM INSTITUTIONS TO PROVIDE 
              FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR ESSENTIAL RURAL COMMUNITY 
              FACILITIES PROJECTS.

    (a) In General.--The Farm Credit Act of 1971 is amended by 
inserting after section 4.18A (12 U.S.C. 2206a) the following:

``SEC. 4.18B. ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES.

    ``(a) In General.--A Farm Credit Bank, direct lender association, 
or bank for cooperatives chartered under this Act may, for the purpose 
of making available capital to develop, build, maintain, improve, or 
provide related equipment or other support for essential community 
facilities in rural areas, make and participate in loans and 
commitments, and extend other technical and financial assistance for 
projects for essential community facilities eligible for financing 
under section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act.
    ``(b) Eligibility.--Only an entity eligible for financing under 
section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act may 
receive financing or any other assistance under subsection (a) of this 
section.
    ``(c) Limitations.--
            ``(1) Financing.--A Farm Credit System institution 
        described in subsection (a) shall not provide financing or 
        assistance under this section in an aggregate amount that 
        exceeds 15 percent of the total of all outstanding loans of the 
        institution.
            ``(2) Offer requirement.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A Farm Credit System institution 
                shall not provide financing or assistance under this 
                section unless the institution--
                            ``(i) has offered, under reasonable terms 
                        and conditions acceptable to the borrower 
                        involved, an interest in the financing to at 
                        least 1 domestic lending institution not 
                        referred to in subsection (a) other than the 
                        Department of Agriculture; and
                            ``(ii) has reported the offer to the Farm 
                        Credit Administration.
                    ``(B) Rural community bank priority.--In offering 
                an interest in a financing to a domestic lending 
                institution described in subparagraph (A)(i), the Farm 
                Credit System institution shall give priority to 
                community banks located in the service area of the 
                essential community facility being financed.
    ``(d) Annual Report to Congress.--Within 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of this section and annually thereafter, the Farm Credit 
Administration shall provide a report to the Committee on Agriculture 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on the activities undertaken 
pursuant to this section by Farm Credit System institutions during the 
period covered by the report, including through partnerships between 
such an institution and other lending institutions, which shall also be 
posted on the website of the Farm Credit Administration.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on October 1, 2024.

SEC. 5107. DOWN PAYMENT LOAN PROGRAM.

    Section 310E(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1935(b)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``exceed 45 percent of the least'' and inserting ``exceed, 
        subject to section 305(a), 45 percent of the lesser'';
            (2) in subparagraph (A), by adding ``or'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; or'' and inserting 
        a period; and
            (4) by striking subparagraph (C).

SEC. 5108. HEIRS PROPERTY.

    (a) Reauthorization of the Heirs Property Intermediary Relending 
Program.--Section 310I(g) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1936c(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Cooperative Agreements for Heirs Property Resolution Through 
Direct Public Interest Legal Services.--Section 310I of such Act (7 
U.S.C. 1936c) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as subsections 
        (g) and (h), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Cooperative Agreements for Heirs Property Resolution Through 
Direct Public Interest Legal Services.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into 
        cooperative agreements with eligible entities to provide legal 
        or accounting services to underserved heirs, at no cost to the 
        underserved heirs, to assist in resolving undivided ownership 
        interests on farmland or forest land, or land transitioning to 
        farmland or forest land, that has multiple owners. Such a 
        cooperative agreement must be for any of the following 
        purposes:
                    ``(A) To assist with transitioning land to 
                agricultural production.
                    ``(B) To maintain land in agricultural production.
                    ``(C) To increase access to programs administered 
                by the Secretary through the resolution of real 
                property claims in order to allow real property owners 
                to meet land ownership eligibility requirements for 
                participation in a program administered by the 
                Secretary.
            ``(2) Administration of cooperative agreements.--
                    ``(A) Duration.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A cooperative agreement 
                        under paragraph (1) shall be in effect for not 
                        more than 4 years, subject to clause (ii).
                            ``(ii) Special rule.--The Secretary may 
                        extend a cooperative agreement or re-enter into 
                        a cooperative agreement with the same or a 
                        different eligible entity to provide continued 
                        services for heirs if--
                                    ``(I) property ownership is not 
                                resolved within the initial term of the 
                                original cooperative agreement; and
                                    ``(II) the entity certifies that 
                                the entity understands that the 
                                cooperative agreement is not guaranteed 
                                to be funded for more than 4 years 
                                after the commencement of the original 
                                cooperative agreement.
                    ``(B) Management of performance.--
                            ``(i) Annual reports.--An eligible entity 
                        must provide annual reports to the Secretary 
                        summarizing the progress made during each 
                        fiscal year towards achieving the goals of the 
                        cooperative agreement for the heirs for whom 
                        services are provided under the cooperative 
                        agreement.
                            ``(ii) Information and data.--The Secretary 
                        may require an eligible entity to provide the 
                        Secretary with such information or data as the 
                        Secretary deems necessary to determine that the 
                        eligible entity is making acceptable progress. 
                        The data may not include personally 
                        identifiable information.
                            ``(iii) Effect of failure to demonstrate 
                        success.--If an eligible entity providing 
                        services under such a cooperative agreement 
                        does not demonstrate success, as determined by 
                        the Secretary, in resolving or reasonably 
                        attempting to resolve the property claims of an 
                        heir, the Secretary may terminate the agreement
                    ``(C) Implementation.--The Secretary may utilize 
                requests for public input or the formal rulemaking 
                process to effectuate this subsection. At a minimum, 
                the Secretary shall make publicly available the 
                criteria for selecting an eligible entity to enter into 
                an agreement to provide services, the administrative 
                and performance requirements for cooperative agreements 
                under this subsection, as well as codify within its 
                internal policy its implementation process.
                    ``(D) Heirs property not in farming.--On a limited 
                basis, and when determined by the Secretary to meet the 
                purposes of a program administered by the Secretary and 
                to expand access to such a program, the Secretary may 
                allow an eligible entity to provide services at no cost 
                to an heir who is not an underserved heir if--
                            ``(i) the land with respect to which the 
                        services are to be provided is not farmland or 
                        in agricultural production, but could be viably 
                        productive for agricultural, conservation, or 
                        forestry purposes;
                            ``(ii) the heir satisfies all other 
                        requirements of the definition of `underserved 
                        heir';
                            ``(iii) the heir can provide proof to 
                        substantiate that the heir is in control of the 
                        real property; and
                            ``(iv) the heir certifies to the Secretary 
                        that the heir intends to apply for, and make a 
                        good faith effort to enroll the land in, a 
                        program administered by the Secretary once 
                        property claims to the land are resolved 
                        through services provided under a cooperative 
                        agreement entered into under this subsection.
            ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 
                means a nonprofit organization that--
                            ``(i) provides legal or accounting services 
                        to an underserved heir at no cost to the 
                        underserved heir to resolve property ownership 
                        issues; and
                            ``(ii) has demonstrated experience in 
                        resolving issues related to ownership and 
                        succession on farmland or forest land that has 
                        multiple owners.
                    ``(B) Limited resource heir.--An heir shall be 
                considered a limited resource heir for purposes of this 
                subsection if--
                            ``(i) the total household income of the 
                        heir is at or below the national poverty level 
                        for a family of 4, or less than 50 percent of 
                        the county median household income for the 2 
                        immediately preceding calendar years, as 
                        determined annually using data of the 
                        Department of Commerce; or
                            ``(ii) the property of the heir for which 
                        legal services are provided pursuant to a 
                        cooperative agreement entered into under this 
                        subsection is in a persistent poverty 
                        community, as determined annually on the basis 
                        of data from the Department of Commerce, or a 
                        socially vulnerable area, as designated by the 
                        Centers on Disease Control and Prevention.
                    ``(C) Underserved heir.--The term `underserved 
                heir' means an heir with an undivided ownership 
                interest in farmland or forest land that has multiple 
                owners, who is--
                            ``(i) a limited resource heir;
                            ``(ii) a member of a socially disadvantaged 
                        group (as defined in section 2501(a) of the 
                        Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
                        of 1990); or
                            ``(iii) a veteran (as defined in section 
                        101(2) of title 38, United States Code).
            ``(4) Annual reports to congress.--Within 1 year after the 
        date of the enactment of this subsection, and annually 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall prepare, make public, and 
        submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
        and Forestry of the Senate a written report on the activities 
        carried out under this subsection in the year covered by the 
        report.
            ``(5) Limitations on authorization of appropriations.--To 
        carry out this subsection, there is authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary $60,000,000 for each of fiscal 
        years 2025 through 2029.''.
    (c) Annual Report on Operations and Outcomes Under the Relending 
Program to Resolve Ownership and Succession on Farmland.--Section 
310I(g) of such Act, as so redesignated by subsection (b) of this 
section, is amended by striking ``Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall'' and inserting ``The 
Secretary shall annually''.

SEC. 5109. PROMPT APPROVAL OF LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES.

    Section 333A of the of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) Real estate and operating guaranteed loans.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide to 
                lenders a short, simplified application form for real 
                estate and operating guaranteed loans under this title, 
                for loans of not more than $1,000,000.
                    ``(B) Notice.--Within 5 business days after receipt 
                of an application to guarantee a farm ownership or 
                operating loan that meets the requirements under 
                subparagraph (A) originated by a USDA preferred lender, 
                the Secretary shall notify the lender as to whether the 
                application is approved or disapproved.
                    ``(C) Maximum guarantee.--The percentage of the 
                principal amount of a loan which may be guaranteed 
                pursuant to this paragraph shall not exceed--
                            ``(i) 90 percent, in the case of a loan not 
                        exceeding $125,000;
                            ``(ii) 75 percent, in the case of a loan of 
                        more than $125,000 and not more than $500,000; 
                        or
                            ``(iii) 50 percent, in the case of a loan 
                        of more than $500,000 and not more than 
                        $1,000,000.''; and
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as 
                paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively, and inserting 
                after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Business and industry guaranteed loans to assist 
        rural entities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall develop an 
                application process that accelerates, to the maximum 
                extent practicable, the processing of applications for 
                business and industry guaranteed loans to assist rural 
                entities, as described under section 310B(a)(2)(A), for 
                loans not exceeding $400,000.
                    ``(B) Exception.--The accelerated application 
                process, as provided under subparagraph (A), shall 
                apply to loans not exceeding $600,000 if there is not a 
                significant increased risk of a default on the loan, as 
                determined by the Secretary.''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (h).

SEC. 5110. FARMER LOAN PILOT PROJECTS.

    Subtitle D of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act is 
amended by inserting after section 333D (7 U.S.C. 1983d) the following:

``SEC. 333E. PRIOR APPROVAL AUTHORIZATION PILOT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator 
of the Farm Service Agency, shall carry out a pilot program to 
establish a pre-approval process for direct farm ownership loans made 
under subtitle A in order to streamline the application process and 
provide greater certainty to borrowers.
    ``(b) Eligibility Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        this Act, the Secretary may establish eligibility requirements 
        for direct farm ownership loans under subtitle A.
            ``(2) Limitation.--This section shall not be interpreted to 
        repeal any borrowing requirement imposed under subtitle A.
    ``(c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
report examining the actions undertaken under, and the results of, the 
pilot program.
    ``(d) Termination of Effectiveness.--The authority provided by this 
section shall terminate effective September 30, 2029.''.

SEC. 5111. REFINANCING OF GUARANTEED LOANS INTO DIRECT LOANS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the 
Farm Service Agency (referred to in this section as the ``Secretary''), 
shall promulgate regulations allowing certain loans guaranteed by the 
Farm Service Agency to be refinanced into direct loans issued by the 
Farm Service Agency, in accordance with this section.
    (b) Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--The regulations promulgated under 
        subsection (a) shall provide that a guaranteed loan described 
        in that subsection may be refinanced into a direct loan 
        described in that subsection only if the Secretary determines 
        that--
                    (A) the guaranteed loan is distressed;
                    (B) the borrower on that guaranteed loan has 
                attempted to work with the lender and has been 
                unsuccessful;
                    (C) a reasonable chance for the success of the 
                operation financed by the guaranteed loan exists; and
                    (D) all other criteria established by the Secretary 
                for purposes of this section to protect taxpayer funds 
                and the loan programs of the Farm Service Agency have 
                been satisfied.
            (2) Reasonable chance of success.--For purposes of 
        paragraph (1)(C), the Secretary may determine that a reasonable 
        chance for the success of an operation exists if the Secretary 
        determines that--
                    (A) all relevant problems with the operation 
                financed by the guaranteed loan--
                            (i) have been identified; and
                            (ii) can be corrected; and
                    (B) on correction of those problems, the operation 
                can achieve, or be returned to, a sound financial 
                basis.
    (c) No Effect on Subsidies.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall ensure that the refinancing of guaranteed loans into 
direct loans has no impact on the subsidy rate of--
            (1) loans guaranteed by the Farm Service Agency; or
            (2) direct loans issued by the Farm Service Agency.
    (d) Loan Programs.--In making direct loans pursuant to the 
regulations promulgated under subsection (a), the Secretary may 
refinance a loan guaranteed under 1 program of the Farm Service Agency 
into a direct loan issued under another program of the Farm Service 
Agency, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate and in accordance 
with the laws applicable to the program under which the new direct loan 
is issued.
    (e) Maximum Amount of Direct Refinancing Loans.--A direct loan 
issued by the Farm Service Agency pursuant to the regulations 
promulgated under subsection (a) shall be subject to any otherwise 
applicable limitation on the maximum amount of a direct loan issued by 
the Farm Service Agency, including, if applicable, the limitations 
described in--
            (1) section 305 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1925); and
            (2) section 313 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 1943).

                      Subtitle B--Operating Loans

SEC. 5201. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR OPERATING LOANS.

    Section 311(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1941) is amended--
            (1) in the 2nd sentence of paragraph (1), by striking ``a 
        majority'' each place it appears and inserting ``at least a 50 
        percent''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``(2) 
                special rule.--An entity'' and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Special rules.--
                    ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall 
                be considered to meet the operator requirement of 
                paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only 
                entities.--An entity''; and
                    (B) by striking ``ownership interests of each 
                embedded entity of the entity is owned directly or 
                indirectly by the individuals that own the family 
                farm'' and inserting ``total ownership interests of the 
                embedded entity, or of the other entities, is owned, 
                directly or indirectly, by qualified operators of the 
                farm improved or supported with funds under this 
                subtitle''.

SEC. 5202. LIMITATIONS ON AMOUNT OF OPERATING LOANS.

    Section 313(a)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``$400,000, or, in the 
case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $1,750,000 (increased, 
beginning with fiscal year 2019'' and inserting ``$750,000, or, in the 
case of a loan guaranteed by the Secretary, $3,000,000 (increased, 
beginning with fiscal year 2025''.

SEC. 5203. LIMITATION ON MICROLOAN AMOUNTS.

    Section 313(c)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)(2)) is amended by striking ``$50,000'' and 
inserting ``$100,000''.

SEC. 5204. COOPERATIVE LENDING PILOT PROJECTS.

    Section 313(c)(4)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1943(c)(4)(A)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

                      Subtitle C--Emergency Loans

SEC. 5301. PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR EMERGENCY LOANS.

    Section 321 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1961) is amended--
            (1) by striking all that precedes ``shall make and insure'' 
        and inserting the following:

``SEC. 321. ELIGIBILITY FOR LOANS.

    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Eligibility requirements.--The Secretary'';
            (2) in the 1st sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``(1)'' and inserting ``(A)'';
                    (B) by striking ``(2)'' and inserting ``(B)'';
                    (C) by striking ``(A)'' the 1st place it appears 
                and inserting ``(i)'';
                    (D) by striking ``(B)'' the 1st place it appears 
                and inserting ``(ii)''; and
                    (E) by striking ``a majority'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``at least a 50 percent'';
            (3) by striking the 5th sentence; and
            (4) by adding after and below the end the following:
            ``(2) Special rules.--
                    ``(A) Eligibility of qualified operators.--
                Qualified operators, as defined by the Secretary, shall 
                be considered to meet the operator requirement of 
                paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Eligibility of certain operating-only 
                entities.-- An applicant that is or will become only 
                the operator of farm real estate acquired, improved, or 
                supported with funds under this subtitle shall be 
                considered to meet the owner-operator requirements of 
                paragraph (1) if 1 or more of the individuals who is an 
                owner of the real estate owns at least 50 percent (or 
                such other percentage as the Secretary determines is 
                appropriate) of the applicant.
                    ``(C) Eligibility of certain embedded entities.--An 
                entity that is an owner-operator described in paragraph 
                (1), or an operator described in subparagraph (B) of 
                this paragraph that is owned, in whole or in part, by 1 
                or more other entities, shall be considered to meet the 
                direct ownership requirement imposed under paragraph 
                (1) if at least 75 percent of the total ownership 
                interests of the embedded entity, or of the other 
                entities, is owned, directly or indirectly, by 
                qualified operators of the farm acquired, improved, or 
                supported with funds under this subtitle.''.

                 Subtitle D--Administrative Provisions

SEC. 5401. BEGINNING FARMER AND RANCHER INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT ACCOUNTS 
              PILOT PROGRAM.

    Section 333B(h) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1983b(h)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 5402. LOAN AUTHORIZATION LEVELS.

    Section 346(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(1)) is amended in the matter preceding 
subparagraph (A) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 5403. LOAN FUND SET-ASIDES.

    Section 346(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(2)(A)(ii)(III)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 5404. USE OF ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR DIRECT OPERATING MICROLOANS 
              UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS.

    Section 346(b)(5)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(5)(C)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

                       Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

SEC. 5501. EXPORT FINANCE AUTHORITY.

    Section 3.7(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 
2128(b)(2)(A)(i)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``50 percent of the bank's capital'' and 
        inserting ``15 percent of the total assets of the bank''; and
            (2) by striking ``an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
        bank's capital'' and inserting ``15 percent of the total assets 
        of the bank''.

SEC. 5502. SUPPORT FOR RURAL WATER AND WASTE SYSTEMS.

    Section 3.7(f) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2128(f)) 
is amended by inserting ``, or in the case of such loans, commitments, 
and assistance that are guaranteed, the term `rural area' means an area 
described in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A))'' before the period at the 
end.

SEC. 5503. FARMER LOAN DATA COLLECTION.

    (a) In General.--The Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et 
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 4.20 the following:

``SEC. 4.21. SMALL FARMER LOAN DATA COLLECTION.

    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to affirm that the 
Farm Credit Administration is the sole and independent regulator of the 
Farm Credit System.
    ``(b) Definition.--In this section, the term `small farmer' means a 
`small farmer, rancher, or producer or harvester of aquatic products' 
as defined pursuant to section 4.19.
    ``(c) Collection of Demographic Data by Farm Credit System 
Lenders.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, Farm Credit 
System institutions, pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Farm 
Credit Administration, shall--
            ``(1) request that loan applicants and borrowers that are 
        small farmers disclose information identifying their race, sex, 
        and ethnicity;
            ``(2) collect and maintain the information resulting from 
        the requests; and
            ``(3) report to the Farm Credit Administration on an annual 
        basis the information collected pursuant to the requests.
    ``(d) Directions to the Farm Credit Administration.--The Farm 
Credit Administration--
            ``(1) shall collect the information gathered by Farm Credit 
        System institutions under this section and make the information 
        available to the public on an annual basis; and
            ``(2) shall not require, in prescribing regulations to 
        implement this section, that any Farm Credit System institution 
        contradict the wishes of a customer who does not wish to 
        voluntarily report race, sex, or ethnicity by requiring the 
        Farm Credit System institution to report the race, sex, or 
        ethnicity of the customer based on visual observation, surname, 
        or any other method.
    ``(e) Protection of Personally Identifiable Information.--In 
reporting the information collected under this section, the Farm Credit 
Administration shall not include any information that would reveal the 
identity of any loan applicant or borrower.
    ``(f) Effective Date.--This section shall apply only to 
applications received and loans made 1 year or more after the date of 
the enactment of this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 704B(h)(1) of the Equal Credit 
Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691c-2(h)(1)) is amended by inserting ``, 
other than any entity that is supervised by the Farm Credit 
Administration'' before the period at the end.
    (c) Compliance.--
            (1) Effective date.--A Farm Credit System institution shall 
        not be required to comply with any regulation promulgated 
        pursuant to this section until January 1, 2026.
            (2) Cessation.--If a financial institution subject to 
        subpart B of part 1002 of title 12, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, is not required to comply with the rule, whether 
        because a court invalidates the rule or the rule is otherwise 
        repealed, the Farm Credit System institutions shall not be 
        required to comply with any regulation promulgated pursuant to 
        this section or an amendment made by this section.

SEC. 5504. LOAN GUARANTEES.

    Section 8.0(7)(B) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 
2279aa(7)(B)) is amended by inserting `` or section 9007(c)(1) of the 
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8107(c)(1))'' 
before the 1st comma.

SEC. 5505. STANDARDS FOR QUALIFIED LOANS.

    Section 8.8 of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2279aa-8) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``mortgage 
        investors'' and inserting ``investors in those types of 
        loans''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``limitation'' and inserting ``limitations''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Further limitation.--Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) 
        and (2), the Farm Credit Administration may establish such 
        other loan amount limitations to reflect the treatment as a 
        qualified loan of a moderately sized agricultural mortgage 
        loan, as determined by the Farm Credit Administration, with 
        appropriate periodic adjustments for geographic differences and 
        valuations, consistent with maintaining the safety and 
        soundness of the Corporation.''.

SEC. 5506. STATE AGRICULTURAL MEDIATION PROGRAMS.

    (a) Definition of State.--Section 501 of the Agricultural Credit 
Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5101) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(e) Definition of State.--In this title, the term `State' has the 
meaning given the term in section 1404 of the Food and Agriculture Act 
of 1977, and includes any Indian tribe (as defined in section 4 of the 
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act).''.
    (b) Matching Grants to States.--Section 502 of the Agricultural 
Credit Act of 1987 (7 U.S.C. 5102) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``$500,000'' and 
        inserting ``$700,000''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Carryover of Financial Assistance.--The Secretary shall 
permit a State that receives financial assistance under subsection (a) 
for a fiscal year to carry over not more than 25 percent of the 
financial assistance that is not expended by the end of the fiscal 
year, for use during the next fiscal year without deducting the amount 
from any assistance provided under this Act in subsequent fiscal 
years.''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 506 of such Act (7 
U.S.C. 5106) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 5507. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    (a) Elimination of Obsolete References to County Committees.--
            (1) Section 333A(a)(2)(B)(vi) of the Consolidated Farm and 
        Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1983a(a)(2)(B)(vi)) is amended 
        by striking ``by the county committee'' and inserting ``of the 
        application''.
            (2) Section 336 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1986) is amended--
                    (A) by striking the last sentence of subsection 
                (b); and
                    (B) by striking subsection (c) and redesignating 
                subsection (d) as subsection (c).
            (3) Section 339 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1989) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (c)(4)(A), by striking ``county 
                committee certification that the borrower of the loan 
                meets the eligibility requirements and'' and inserting 
                ``the borrower meeting''; and
                    (B) in subsection (d)(4)(A), by striking ``county 
                committee certification that the borrower meets the 
                eligibility requirements or'' and inserting ``the 
                borrower meeting''.
            (4) Section 359(c)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2006a(c)(1)) is 
        amended by striking ``(as determined by the appropriate county 
        committee during the determination of eligibility for the 
        loan)''.
    (b) Revision of Loan Assessment Requirements.--Section 360(d)(1) of 
such Act (7 U.S.C. 2006b(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``annual review 
of direct loans, and periodic review (as determined necessary by the 
Secretary) of guaranteed loans'' and inserting ``periodic review (as 
determined by the Secretary) of direct and guaranteed loans''.
    (c) Updating of Outdated References to the Farmers Home 
Administration and the Rural Development Agency.--
            (1) Section 309(e) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1928(e)) is 
        amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration and the Rural 
        Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service 
        Agency and Rural Development''.
            (2) Section 331(a)(5) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(a)(5)) is 
        amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' each place 
        it appears and inserting ``Farm Service Agency and Rural 
        Development''.
            (3) Section 331(a)(7) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(a)(7)) is 
        amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' and 
        inserting ``Farm Service Agency and Rural Development''.
            (4) Section 331(a)(8) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(a)(8)) is 
        amended by striking ``Rural Development Administration or by 
        the Farmers Home Administration'' ``Farm Service Agency and 
        Rural Development''.
            (5) Section 331(b)(4) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(4)) is 
        amended by striking ``Consolidated''.
            (6) Section 331(b) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)) is 
        amended in each of paragraphs (5) and (7) by striking ``Farmers 
        Home Administration'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``Farm Service Agency and Rural Development''.
            (7) Section 331(b)(8) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(8)) is 
        amended by striking ``Rural Development Administration or by 
        the Farmers Home Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service 
        Agency and Rural Development''.
            (8) Section 331A(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981a(a)) is 
        amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or by the 
        Rural Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service 
        Agency or by Rural Development''.
            (9) Section 335(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(a)) is 
        amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or the Rural 
        Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service 
        Agency or Rural Development''.
            (10) Section 335(f)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(f)(1)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Agricultural Stabilization and 
                Conservation Service payments'' and inserting ``Farm 
                Service Agency farm program'';
                    (B) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration 
                liens'' and inserting ``liens for a farmer program 
                loan''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration 
                farmer'' and inserting ``Farm Service Agency farmer''.
            (11) Section 338(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1988(a)) is 
        amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration or the Rural 
        Development Administration'' and inserting ``Farm Service 
        Agency and Rural Development''.
            (12) Section 347 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1995) is amended by 
        striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' and inserting ``Farm 
        Service Agency and Rural Development''.
            (13) Section 356 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2004) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Farmers Home Administration may'' 
                and inserting ``Farm Service Agency and Rural 
                Development may''; and
                    (B) by striking ``the inventory of the Farmers Home 
                Administration'' and inserting ``inventory''.
            (14) Section 370(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2008e(a)) is 
        amended by striking ``the Rural Development Administration, the 
        Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Electrification 
        Administration'' and inserting ``Rural Development, the Farm 
        Service Agency, the Rural Utilities Service''.
            (15) Each of the following provisions of such Act is 
        amended by striking ``Farmers Home Administration'' each place 
        it appears and inserting ``Farm Service Agency'':
                    (A) Section 309(g)(1) (7 U.S.C. 1929(g)(1)).
                    (B) Section 331A(a) (7 U.S.C. 1981a(a)).
                    (C) Section 333A(a)(2)(B) (7 U.S.C. 
                1983a(a)(2)(B)).
                    (D) Section 333A(e)(1) (7 U.S.C. 1983a(e)(1)).
                    (E) Section 335(d) (7 U.S.C. 1985(d)).
                    (F) Section 353A (7 U.S.C. 2001a).
                    (G) Section 349(e)(1)(B) (7 U.S.C. 1997(e)(1)(B)).
                    (H) Section 361 (7 U.S.C. 2006c).
    (d) Section 335(c)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(c)(1)) is 
amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``15'' and inserting 
        ``60'';
            (2) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                    (A) by striking ``135'' and inserting ``180''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``suitable for farming and 
                ranching, as determined by the Secretary'' before the 
                comma; and
            (3) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``not later than 135 
        days after acquiring the real property, the Secretary shall, 
        not later than 30 days after the 135-day period,'' and 
        inserting ``or if the property is not suitable for farming and 
        ranching as determined by the Secretary, not later than 60 days 
        after the 180-day period, the Secretary shall''.
    (e) Correction of Infeasible Inventory Property Disposition 
Framework.--
            (1) Section 331(b)(1) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1981(b)(1)) is 
        amended by striking ``, and until January'' and all that 
        follows through ``fit)''.
            (2) Section 335(f) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1985(f)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (3) through (5) and 
                redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (3); and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(4) The Secretary shall issue regulations consistent with this 
section that ensures the release of funds to each borrower.''.
    (f) Replacement of References to District Office With References to 
District Director.--Section 333A(a)(2)(B) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 
1983a(a)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``district office'' each place 
it appears and inserting ``District Director''.
    (g) Correction of Obsolete Reference to Former Trust Territories.--
Section 343(a)(6) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(6)) is amended by 
striking ``the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands'' and inserting 
``the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and the 
Republic of the Marshall Islands''.
    (h) Revision of Farmer Program Loan Definition.--Section 343(a)(10) 
of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(10)) is amended by inserting ``before 
June 18, 2008, conservation loan (CL) under section 304 on or after 
June 18, 2008,'' before ``emergency loan (EM)''.
    (i) Elimination of Inconsistency Between Rules Applicable to 
Beginning Farmers.--Section 343(a)(11)(C) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 
1991(a)(11)(C)) is amended by striking ``related to one another by 
blood or marriage'' and inserting ``qualified beginning farmers''.
    (j) Updating of Provisions to Reflect Repurposing of Conservation 
Loan Provisions.--
            (1) Section 303(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1923(a)) is 
        amended in each of paragraphs (1)(D) and (2)(D) by striking 
        ``described in section 304''.
            (2) Section 310D of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1934) is amended by 
        striking ``, or paragraphs (1) through (5) of section 304(a),'' 
        and inserting ``section 304(a)''.
    (k) Updating of Notice Provision Requirement and Lifetime Debt 
Forgiveness Limit.--Section 353 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2001) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (i)(1), by striking ``registered or 
        certified mail'' and inserting ``any method that provides 
        documentation of delivery''; and
            (2) in subsection (o), by striking ``$300,000'' and 
        inserting ``$600,000''.
    (l) Updating of Obsolete Reference to the Soil Conservation 
Service.--Section 306(a)(13) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(13)) is 
amended by striking ``Soil Conservation Service'' and inserting 
``Natural Resources Conservation Service''.
    (m) Clarification of Interest Rate Requirements.--
            (1) Section 307(a)(3)(B) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 
        1927(a)(3)(B)) is amended by striking ``not be--'' and all that 
        follows and inserting ``be equal to the interest rate for 
        direct farm ownership loans under this subtitle, not to exceed 
        5 percent per year.''.
            (2) Section 316(a)(2) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1946(a)(2)) is 
        amended by striking ``not be--'' and all that follows and 
        inserting ``be equal to the interest rate for direct farm 
        ownership loans under this subtitle, not to exceed 5 percent 
        per year.''.
    (n) Correction of Heading.--Section 309(h)(6) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 
1929(h)(6)) is amended in the paragraph heading by striking ``Beginning 
farmer loans'' and inserting ``Down payment loan program participant''.
    (o) Elimination of Superfluous Restrictions.--Section 312 of such 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1942) is amended by striking subsection (d) and 
redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (d).
    (p) Elimination of Confusing References to Loan Guarantees.--
Section 319 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1949) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``or loan 
        guarantees'';
            (2) by striking ``(a)''; and
            (3) by striking ``or with respect to whom there is an 
        outstanding guarantee under this subtitle''.
    (q) Elimination of Obsolete Reporting Requirements.--Section 346 of 
such Act (7 U.S.C. 1994) is amended by striking subsections (c) and 
(d).
    (r) Correction of Obsolete Appeals Provisions.--
            (1) Section 352(c)(3) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2000(c)(3)) is 
        amended by striking ``section 333B'' and inserting ``subtitle H 
        of title II of Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of 
        Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994''.
            (2) Section 353 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2001) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (h), by striking ``under section 
                333B''; and
                    (B) in subsection (j)--
                            (i) by striking ``filed with the appeals 
                        division under section 333B'' and inserting 
                        ``to the National Appeals Division'';
                            (ii) by striking ``appeals division shall'' 
                        and inserting ``Secretary shall''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``county supervisor'' and 
                        inserting ``Secretary''.
    (s) Elimination of Unnecessary Constraint on Pilot Projects.--
Section 333D(a) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1983d(a)) is amended by striking 
``that are consistent with subtitle A through this subtitle''.
    (t) Correction of Heading.--The paragraph heading in section 
8.8(a)(3) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2279aa-8(a)(3)) is 
amended by striking ``Mortgage loans'' and inserting ``Loan quality''.

                      TITLE VI--RURAL DEVELOPMENT

         Subtitle A--Improving Health Outcomes in Rural America

SEC. 6101. PRIORITIZATIONS FOR DISTANCE LEARNING AND TELEMEDICINE AND 
              COMMUNITY FACILITIES PROGRAM.

    Section 6101(a) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (132 
Stat. 4726; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``2025'' and inserting ``2026'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (i)--
                                    (I) in the heading, by striking 
                                ``Substance use disorder set-aside'' 
                                and inserting ``Set-aside''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``, mental 
                                health, behavioral health, or maternal 
                                health'' before ``treatment''; and
                            (ii) in clause (ii), by inserting ``mental 
                        health, behavioral health, maternal health, 
                        or'' before ``substance'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (i)--
                                    (I) in the heading, by striking 
                                ``Substance abuse disorder selection'' 
                                and inserting ``Selection'';
                                    (II) in subclause (I), by inserting 
                                ``mental health, behavioral health, 
                                maternal health, or'' before 
                                ``substance''; and
                                    (III) in subclause (II), by 
                                inserting ``mental health concerns, 
                                behavioral health concerns, maternal 
                                health concerns, or'' before 
                                ``substance''; and
                            (ii) in clause (ii), by inserting ``, 
                        behavioral health treatment, mental health 
                        treatment, or maternal health, respectively'' 
                        before the period; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``behavioral 
                health, mental health, maternal health, or'' before 
                ``substance''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2025'' and inserting 
        ``2026''.

SEC. 6102. DISTANCE LEARNING AND TELEMEDICINE LOANS AND GRANTS.

    Section 2335A of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa-5) is amended by striking ``$82,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$82,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available for 2 
fiscal years after the fiscal year for which appropriated''.

     Subtitle B--Connecting Rural Americans to High Speed Broadband

SEC. 6201. RURAL BROADBAND PROGRAM LOANS AND GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 
1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``access to 
        broadband telecommunications services in rural areas'' and 
        inserting ``reconnect rural broadband program'';
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``The purpose'' and all 
        that follows through ``provide funds for'' and inserting ``The 
        Secretary shall establish a program, which shall be known as 
        the `ReConnect Rural Broadband Program', to provide grants, 
        loans, and loan guarantees to finance'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make grants, loans, 
        and loan guarantees to eligible entities described in 
        subsection (d) for the purpose of financing the construction, 
        improvement, or acquisition of facilities and equipment 
        necessary for delivering broadband service in rural areas.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A) 
                and (B) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--In making grants, making loans, 
                and guaranteeing loans under paragraph (1), the 
                Secretary shall give the highest priority to 
                applications for projects to provide broadband service 
                to unserved rural communities that do not have any 
                residential broadband service of at least--
                            ``(i) a 25-Mbps downstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                            ``(ii) a 3-Mbps upstream transmission 
                        capacity.
                    ``(B) Other.--After giving priority to the 
                applications described in subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall then give priority to applications--
                            ``(i) for projects to provide broadband 
                        service to rural communities--
                                    ``(I) with a population of less 
                                than 10,000 inhabitants; or
                                    ``(II) in geographically 
                                underserved and distressed areas, 
                                including--
                                            ``(aa) a socially 
                                        vulnerable community (as 
                                        determined by the Secretary);
                                            ``(bb) a persistent poverty 
                                        county (as determined by the 
                                        Secretary); or
                                            ``(cc) in an economically 
                                        distressed area (as determined 
                                        by the Secretary);
                            ``(ii) that were developed with the 
                        participation of, and will receive a 
                        substantial portion of the funding or in-kind 
                        assistance for the project from, 2 or more 
                        stakeholders, including--
                                    ``(I) State, local, and tribal 
                                governments;
                                    ``(II) nonprofit institutions;
                                    ``(III) community anchor 
                                institutions, such as--
                                            ``(aa) public libraries;
                                            ``(bb) elementary schools 
                                        and secondary schools (as 
                                        defined in section 8101 of the 
                                        Elementary and Secondary 
                                        Education Act of 1965 (20 
                                        U.S.C. 7801));
                                            ``(cc) institutions of 
                                        higher education (including 
                                        1862 Land-Grant Institutions, 
                                        1890 Land-Grant Institutions, 
                                        1994 Land-Grant Institutions, 
                                        Hispanic-Serving Institutions, 
                                        and Historically Black Colleges 
                                        and Universities);
                                            ``(dd) health care 
                                        facilities; and
                                            ``(ee) facilities essential 
                                        for local or regional commerce 
                                        or for the movement of goods;
                                    ``(IV) private entities;
                                    ``(V) philanthropic organizations; 
                                and
                                    ``(VI) cooperatives; or
                            ``(iii) that are submitted by an eligible 
                        entity or is owned by an entity that has 
                        provided broadband service or other utility 
                        service for at least 5 years in rural areas in 
                        the State in which the project would be carried 
                        out.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``and'' at the end 
                                of clause (i);
                                    (II) by striking the period at the 
                                end of clause (ii) and inserting ``; 
                                and''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(iii) shall be subject to a grant 
                        agreement of not less than 10 years.'';
                            (ii) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D) 
                        and inserting the following:
                    ``(C) Applications.--
                            ``(i) Grant-only applications.--The 
                        Secretary shall establish an application 
                        process that permits an application for a 
                        grant-only award.
                            ``(ii) Combined applications.--The 
                        Secretary shall establish an application 
                        process that--
                                    ``(I) permits a single application 
                                for a grant and a loan under title I or 
                                II, or this title, that is associated 
                                with the grant; and
                                    ``(II) provides a single decision 
                                to award the grant and the loan.'';
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                        subparagraph (D); and
                            (iv) by striking subparagraph (F); and
                    (D) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(4) Fees.--
                    ``(A) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may 
                assess an initial guarantee fee for any insured or 
                guaranteed loan issued or modified under this section 
                in an amount that does not exceed 3 percent of the 
                guaranteed principal portion of the loan.
                    ``(B) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may 
                assess a periodic retention fee for any insured or 
                guaranteed loan or modified under this section in an 
                amount that does not exceed 0.75 percent of the 
                outstanding principal of the guarantee loan.
                    ``(C) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for 
                any insured or guaranteed loan issued or modified under 
                this section, the Secretary, not less than 30 days in 
                advance of any fee change, shall provide a public 
                disclosure, of the financial data, economic and 
                behavioral assumptions, calculations, and other factors 
                used to determine the new fee rates.'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by adding 
                                ``and'' at the end; and
                                    (II) by striking ``require; and'' 
                                and all that follows through ``agree'' 
                                and insert ``require, and agree'';
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as 
                        subparagraph (E) and inserting after 
                        subparagraph (A) the following:
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--An entity eligible to obtain 
                assistance under subsection (c) may include--
                            ``(i) a State or local government, 
                        including any agency, subdivision, 
                        instrumentality, or political subdivision of a 
                        State or local government;
                            ``(ii) a territory or possession of the 
                        United States;
                            ``(iii) an Indian Tribe (as defined in 
                        section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
                        Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                            ``(iv) a cooperative or mutual 
                        organization;
                            ``(v) an organization of 2 or more 
                        incorporated areas that have established an 
                        intermunicipal legal agreement for the purposes 
                        of delivering communication services to 
                        residents;
                            ``(vi) a corporation; or
                            ``(vii) a limited liability company or 
                        limited liability partnership.
                    ``(C) Ineligible entities.--An individual or legal 
                general partnership that is formed with individuals 
                shall not be eligible to obtain a grant, loan, or grant 
                and loan combination under subsection (c).
                    ``(D) Affiliated owned and operated networks.--
                Under this subsection, the Secretary may fund the 
                construction of networks owned and operated by an 
                affiliate of an eligible entity receiving the grant, 
                loan, or loan guarantee, if the eligible entity, the 
                affiliate, or both, as determined necessary by the 
                Secretary, furnishes adequate security for the grant, 
                loan, or loan guarantee.''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (E) (as so 
                        redesignated by clause (ii) of this 
                        subparagraph), by inserting ``, directly or in 
                        conjunction with any combination of 
                        affiliates,'' before ``may not'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``subparagraphs (B) 
                                and (C)'' and inserting ``subparagraph 
                                (B)'';
                                    (II) by striking ``is submitted--'' 
                                and all that follows through ``(i) not 
                                less than 50'' and inserting ``is 
                                submitted not less than 75'' ; and
                                    (III) by striking ``(e); and'' and 
                                all that follows and inserting 
                                ``(e).'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``(A)(i)'' and inserting ``(A)''; and
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (C); and
                    (C) by striking paragraphs (4) and (5);
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Subject to paragraph (2), 
                        for'' and inserting ``For'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``25'' and inserting ``50''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``3'' and inserting ``25'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(2) Adjustments.--The Secretary may adjust, through a 30-
        day public notice and comment period published in the Federal 
        Register, an increase in the minimum level of broadband service 
        under paragraph (1) of no more than 50 percent from the 
        preceding year, if less than 95 percent of the funds of the 
        program are obligated in the preceding 2 funding rounds.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``buildout'' and inserting ``project 
                        agreement''; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) through 
                        (D) and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Broadband buildout standards defined.--A 
                project must meet the following applicable broadband 
                standard in order to be considered for assistance;
                            ``(i) A project with an award term of less 
                        than 8 years must provide service at 2 times 
                        the minimum broadband speed established in 
                        subsection (e)(1).
                            ``(ii) A project with an award term of at 
                        least 8 years and less than 14 years must 
                        provide service at 5 times the minimum 
                        broadband speed established in subsection 
                        (e)(1).
                            ``(iii) A project with an award term of 14 
                        or more years must provide service at 10 times 
                        the minimum broadband speed established in 
                        subsection (e)(1).
                    ``(C) Network upgrade planning.--The Secretary may 
                prioritize an applicant seeking to meet the broadband 
                buildout standards under clause (i) or (ii) of 
                subparagraph (B) if the applicant submits information 
                regarding the potential for the physical infrastructure 
                of the network to be upgraded to meet the broadband 
                buildout standards under subparagraph (B)(iii) at the 
                time of the application, assuming reasonable progress 
                in relevant networking technologies.'';
            (6) by striking subsection (j) and inserting the following:
    ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $350,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until 
expended.''; and
            (7) in subsection (k), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.
    (b) Regulations.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate rules to carry 
out the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section, and complete 
the biennial review process required by section 601(e)(2) of the Rural 
Electrification Act of 1936.
    (c) Sunset.--The authorities provided by section 779 of the 
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115-141) shall have 
no force or effect beginning 270 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act.
    (d) Transition Rules.--
            (1) Availability of funds for administrative costs.--Not 
        more than 1 percent of the unobligated balances of amounts made 
        available, as of the date that is 270 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, to carry out the pilot program 
        described in section 779 of the Consolidated Appropriations 
        Act, 2018 (Public Law 115-141) may be used for the costs of 
        transitioning from the pilot program to the program under 
        section 601 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as 
        amended by this Act.
            (2) Consolidation of funds.--
                    (A) In general.--The unobligated balances of all 
                amounts made available on or before June 30, 2025, to 
                carry out the pilot program described in section 779 of 
                the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 
                115-141) that are in excess of the amount described in 
                subparagraph (B) of this paragraph are hereby 
                transferred to and merged with amounts made available 
                to carry out the program authorized under section 601 
                of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936.
                    (B) Unfunded approvals.--The amount described in 
                this subparagraph is the amount required to fully fund 
                each project approved as of the date that is 270 days 
                after the date of the enactment of this Act, under the 
                pilot program described in such section 779 for which 
                amounts were not obligated or partially obligated as of 
                such date.

SEC. 6202. EXPANSION OF MIDDLE MILE INFRASTRUCTURE INTO RURAL AREAS.

    Section 602(g) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
950bb-1(g)) is amended by striking ``2018 through 2023'' and inserting 
``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6203. INNOVATIVE BROADBAND ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 603 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
950bb-2) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 603. INNOVATIVE BROADBAND ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to be 
known as the `Innovative Broadband Advancement Program', under which 
the Secretary may provide a grant, a loan, or both to an eligible 
entity for the purpose of demonstrating innovative broadband 
technologies or methods of broadband deployment that significantly 
decrease the cost of broadband deployment, and provide substantially 
faster broadband speeds than are available, in a rural area.
    ``(b) Terrestrial Broadband Demonstration Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide grants or 
        loans to eligible entities for the purpose of deploying 
        innovative broadband technologies to qualified consumers who 
        subscribe to terrestrial broadband service in rural areas.
            ``(2) Eligibility.--To be eligible to obtain assistance 
        under this subsection for a project, an entity shall--
                    ``(A) submit to the Secretary an application--
                            ``(i) that describes a terrestrial 
                        broadband demonstration project designed to 
                        decrease the cost of broadband deployment, and 
                        substantially increase broadband speed to not 
                        less than the maximum broadband project 
                        agreement requirements established under 
                        section 601(e)(4), to qualified consumers in a 
                        rural area to be served by the project; and
                            ``(ii) at such time, in such manner, and 
                        containing such other information as the 
                        Secretary may require;
                    ``(B) demonstrate that the entity is able to carry 
                out the project; and
                    ``(C) agree to complete the project build-out 
                within 5 years after the date the assistance is first 
                provided for the project.
            ``(3) Prioritization.--In awarding assistance under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to proposals for 
        projects that--
                    ``(A) involve partnerships between or among 
                multiple entities;
                    ``(B) would provide broadband service to the 
                greatest number of rural entities at or above the 
                broadband requirements referred to in paragraph 
                (2)(A)(i);
                    ``(C) the Secretary determines could be replicated 
                in rural areas described in paragraph (2); and
                    ``(D) are located in States and territories 
                selected by the Secretary to be diverse on the basis of 
                geography, topography, and demographics.
            ``(4) Qualified consumer.--In this subsection, the term 
        `qualified consumer' means--
                    ``(A) an individual or member of a household who 
                lives in a rural area;
                    ``(B) a rural small business; or
                    ``(C) an essential community facility, as defined 
                pursuant to section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and 
                Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)).
            ``(5) Rural area.--In this subsection, the term `rural 
        area' has the meaning provided in section 601(b)(3).
    ``(c) Satellite Broadband Demonstration Projects.--
            ``(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to reduce 
        or eliminate the costs to access satellite broadband service 
        for remote subscribers.
            ``(2) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 
                means a broadband service provider that provides 
                Internet access directly to qualified consumers in 
                remote areas via satellite technology.
                    ``(B) Qualified consumer.--The term `qualified 
                consumer' means a consumer served by an eligible entity 
                that receives a grant under paragraph (3), who is--
                            ``(i) an individual or a member of a 
                        household at or below the poverty line (as 
                        defined in section 673(2) of the Omnibus Budget 
                        Reconciliation Act of 1981, including any 
                        revision required by such section, applicable 
                        to a family of the size involved); or
                            ``(ii) an essential community facility, as 
                        defined pursuant to section 306(a) of the 
                        Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
                        U.S.C. 1926(a)).
                    ``(C) Satellite broadband equipment.--The term 
                `satellite broadband equipment' means user terminals, 
                wi-fi routers, power supplies, mounts, and any other 
                equipment necessary to connect a qualified consumer to 
                satellite broadband service.
                    ``(D) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the 
                Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the 
                Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service.
                    ``(E) Remote.--The term `remote' means a region 
                classified within level 3 or level 4 of the frontier 
                and remote zip code areas published by the Economic 
                Research Service of the Department of Agriculture.
            ``(3) Grants to eligible entities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to paragraph (B), the 
                Secretary shall make grants to eligible entities for 
                the purpose of reducing or eliminating the cost 
                associated with the purchase or installation, or both, 
                of satellite broadband equipment to qualified consumers 
                to subscribe to satellite broadband service in remote 
                areas.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--As a condition of receiving a 
                grant under this subsection, an eligible entity shall--
                            ``(i) provide retail broadband service 
                        delivered via satellite technology to qualified 
                        consumers, that--
                                    ``(I) enables a qualified consumer 
                                to the service to originate and receive 
                                high-quality voice, data, graphics, 
                                video; and
                                    ``(II) has a latency which does not 
                                exceed 250 milliseconds;
                            ``(ii) submit to the Secretary an 
                        application at such time, in such manner, and 
                        containing such other information as the 
                        Secretary may require;
                            ``(iii) agree to reduce or eliminate the 
                        cost associated with the purchase, 
                        installation, or both, of satellite broadband 
                        equipment for qualified consumers; and
                            ``(iv) agree to provide qualified consumers 
                        with the reduction or elimination of that cost 
                        within 1 year of the assistance being obligated 
                        to the eligible entity.
                    ``(C) Eligibility map of qualified consumers.--
                Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of this 
                Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall 
                publish a map of the remote areas of qualified 
                consumers that do not have access to terrestrial 
                broadband service of at least--
                            ``(i) a 25-Mbps downstream transmission 
                        capacity; and
                            ``(ii) a 3-Mbps upstream transmission 
                        capacity.
    ``(d) Report.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of 
this section, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a 
comprehensive report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry of the Senate that shall provide the outcomes, effectiveness, 
and impact of the Innovative Broadband Advancement Program, including--
            ``(1) an assessment of the broadband infrastructure funded, 
        including the scope, scale, nature and geographic locations of 
        each award;
            ``(2) the broadband access and speeds achieved, including 
        the download and upload speeds, latency, and overall network 
        reliability;
            ``(3) any technical or logistical challenges encountered by 
        the eligible entities; and
            ``(4) any recommendations for future innovative broadband 
        deployment initiatives in rural areas.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 6204. COMMUNITY CONNECT GRANTS.

    Section 604 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
950bb-3) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``10'' and 
                inserting ``25''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``1'' and 
                inserting ``3'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) provides broadband speeds not less than the broadband 
        project agreement requirements established under section 
        601(e)(4)(B)(ii) to the eligible entity within the proposed 
        eligible service area.''; and
            (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6205. RATE REGULATION.

    Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb-
950bb-5) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 607. RATE REGULATION.

    ``Nothing in this title authorizes the Secretary to regulate rates 
charged for broadband service.''.

SEC. 6206. PUBLIC NOTICE, ASSESSMENTS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, AND 
              REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Section 701 of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
950cc) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by inserting ``technical 
        assistance,'' before ``and'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(1)(B)(i), by inserting ``, including 
        a complete shapefile map'' before the semicolon;
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as 
                        subparagraph (C) and inserting after 
                        subparagraph (A) the following:
                    ``(B) validate the information submitted by service 
                providers under subparagraph (A) through procedures 
                established by the Secretary, which shall include an 
                agency determination provided to the submitter, an 
                opportunity of the submitter to respond, and a final 
                non-appealable determination of the Secretary; and''; 
                and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (C) (as so 
                        redesignated by clause (ii) of this 
                        subparagraph), by striking ``paragraph (1)'' 
                        and inserting ``subparagraph (A)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking all that precedes 
                subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Assessment of eligibility.--In making any 
        determination to award a loan, loan guarantee, or grant for any 
        retail broadband project provided assistance or for which 
        assistance is sought that is administered by the Secretary, the 
        Secretary shall confirm that each unserved rural community 
        identified in the application is eligible for funding by--
                    ``(A) utilizing the map created by the Federal 
                Communications Commission under section 802(c)(1)(A) of 
                the Communications Act of 1934 and the Deployment 
                Locations Map established under section 60104(b) of the 
                Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (47 U.S.C. 
                1704(b));''; and
            (4) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Broadband Technical Assistance Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall make grants to 
        private, nonprofit, or public organizations to provide or 
        receive eligible entities broadband technical assistance and 
        training to expand access to broadband service in rural 
        communities through the broadband programs of the Department of 
        Agriculture including--
                    ``(A) preparing applications for grants, loans and 
                loan guarantees under this section;
                    ``(B) identifying resources to finance broadband 
                facilities from public and private sources, including 
                other Federal agencies;
                    ``(C) preparing feasibility studies, financial 
                forecasts, market surveys, environmental studies, and 
                technical design information to support broadband 
                services;
                    ``(D) preparing reports and surveys necessary to 
                support the need for broadband services, the price 
                range, and request financial assistance;
                    ``(E) analyzing and improving operations related to 
                the management, including financial management, of 
                broadband facilities and to the efficiency of the 
                entity;
                    ``(F) collecting broadband infrastructure data; or
                    ``(G) assisting with other areas of need identified 
                by the Secretary.
            ``(2) Eligible entities.--To be eligible to obtain 
        assistance under this subsection, an entity shall be--
                    ``(A) a federally recognized tribe or tribal 
                entity;
                    ``(B) a State or local government, including any 
                agency, subdivision, instrumentality, or political 
                subdivision thereof;
                    ``(C) a territory or possession of the United 
                States;
                    ``(D) an institution of higher education (including 
                a 1862 Land-Grant Institution, 1890 Land-Grant 
                Institution, 1994 Land-Grant Institution, Hispanic-
                Serving Institution, or Historically Black College or 
                University);
                    ``(E) a nonprofit organization described in section 
                501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                    ``(F) a cooperative or mutual organization;
                    ``(G) a corporation; or
                    ``(H) a limited liability company or limited 
                liability partnership.
            ``(3) Selection priority.--In selecting recipients of 
        grants under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority 
        to organizations that have experience in providing technical 
        assistance and training to rural entities.
            ``(4) National applications.--The Secretary shall allow 
        applications for grants under this paragraph from qualified 
        organizations for the sole purpose of providing on-site 
        community technical assistance and training on a national or 
        multi-State regional basis.
    ``(f) Assistance for Community Broadband Mapping.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make grants to 
        eligible entities for the purpose of collecting broadband 
        service data to assist the Secretary in--
                    ``(A) establishing the availability of broadband 
                service or middle mile infrastructure in a rural area;
                    ``(B) determining the eligibility of a community 
                for assistance under any broadband program administered 
                by the Secretary;
                    ``(C) undertaking a service area assessment under 
                this section; or
                    ``(D) collecting information to submit a challenge 
                to the National Broadband Map created by the Federal 
                Communications Commission pursuant to section 802(c)(1) 
                of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
                642(c)(1)).
            ``(2) Application.--To apply for a grant under this 
        section, an entity shall submit an application which 
        identifies--
                    ``(A) the data collection area;
                    ``(B) the purpose of the data collection;
                    ``(C) the types of broadband service data to be 
                collected;
                    ``(D) the survey and data collection methods 
                utilized; and
                    ``(E) any other information the Secretary 
                determines necessary to promote the integrity of 
                broadband service collected under this section.
            ``(3) Limitation of grant amount.--The amount of a grant 
        made available under this subsection shall not exceed $50,000.
            ``(4) Broadband service data usage.--The Secretary shall 
        ensure that any broadband service data collected under this 
        section is--
                    ``(A) measured or assessed in accordance with such 
                standards as are established by the Federal 
                Communications Commission pursuant to section 
                802(a)(1)(A) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
                U.S.C. 642(a)(1)(A));
                    ``(B) accurate and verifiable in accordance with 
                such standards as are established by the Federal 
                Communications Commission pursuant to section 
                802(a)(1)(A) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
                U.S.C. 642(a)(1)(A));
                    ``(C) included in any broadband maps or data sets 
                maintained by the Secretary; and
                    ``(D) made available to the Chair of the Federal 
                Communications Commission and the Administrator of the 
                National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration for inclusion in any broadband maps or 
                data sets either may maintain.
            ``(5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Broadband service.--The term `broadband 
                service' has the same meaning given the term in section 
                601.
                    ``(B) Broadband service data.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `broadband 
                        service data' means information related to--
                                    ``(I) the location and type of 
                                broadband service;
                                    ``(II) the location and type of 
                                broadband infrastructure;
                                    ``(III) the advertised, maximum, 
                                and average speed of broadband service;
                                    ``(IV) the average price of the 
                                most subscribed tier of broadband 
                                service;
                                    ``(V) the speed tiers of broadband 
                                service available in the area; or
                                    ``(VI) any additional metric the 
                                Secretary deems appropriate.
                            ``(ii) Further definition.--The Secretary 
                        shall further define the term `broadband 
                        service area' to ensure that data is measured 
                        and collected in a manner consistent with the 
                        reporting requirements under this section, and 
                        any broadband coordination or data-sharing 
                        obligations.
                    ``(C) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 
                means--
                            ``(i) a unit of local government in a rural 
                        area;
                            ``(ii) a tribal government or unit of 
                        tribal government;
                            ``(iii) an economic development or other 
                        community organization;
                            ``(iv) an eligible entity under title I or 
                        II that serves persons in rural areas;
                            ``(v) an internet service provider that has 
                        not more than 100,000 subscribers; or
                            ``(vi) any other entity eligible under a 
                        title VI program that is not an internet 
                        service provider.
                    ``(D) Middle mile infrastructure.--The term `middle 
                mile infrastructure' has the meaning given the term in 
                section 602.
                    ``(E) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the 
                meaning given the term in section 601.
            ``(6) Limitation on amount made available for grants.--The 
        Secretary may not expend more than 1 percent of the amounts 
        made available under subsection (g) for each of fiscal years 
        2025 through 2029 to carry out this subsection.
    ``(g) Limitations on Reservation of Funds.--Not less than 3 but not 
more than 5 percent of the amounts appropriated to the program to carry 
out title VI shall be set aside to be used for--
            ``(1) conducting oversight under such title;
            ``(2) implementing accountability measures and related 
        activities authorized under such title; or
            ``(3) carrying out this section.''.

SEC. 6207. LIMITATION ON OVERBUILDING.

    Title VI of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 950bb 
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 608. LIMITATION ON OVERBUILDING.

    ``Any area in a proposed service area under this title shall not be 
considered unserved if an applicant in another Federal or State 
broadband program has received an obligation of funding to offer retail 
broadband service in the area not more than 5 years from the date of 
the obligation of funds, at a speed of at least 100 Mbps download and 
20 Mbps upload.''.

                       Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

SEC. 6301. RURAL ENERGY SAVINGS PROGRAM.

    Section 6407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8107a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, 
                        if the entity continues to serve rural areas 
                        (as defined in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the 
                        Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
                        U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A))'' before the semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``or'' at the end; and
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (E) and inserting after 
                        subparagraph (B) the following:
                    ``(C) any Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of 
                the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
                Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                    ``(D) any public, quasi-public, or nonprofit entity 
                that uses innovative financing techniques and market 
                development tools to accelerate the deployment of 
                energy efficiency technology; or'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(2) Energy efficiency measures.--The term `energy 
        efficiency measures' means, with respect to any property 
        service by an eligible entity--
                    ``(A) a structural improvement or investment in a 
                cost-effective, commercial technology to increase 
                energy efficiency (including cost-effective on-or off-
                grid renewable energy or energy storage system); and
                    ``(B) the replacement of a manufactured housing 
                unit or large appliance with a substantially similar 
                manufacturing housing unit or appliance, respectively, 
                if that replacement is a cost-effective option with 
                respect to energy savings.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Grants'' before ``to'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to this subsection, the 
        Secretary shall provide--
                    ``(A) loans to eligible entities that agree to use 
                the loan funds to make loans under subsection (d) to 
                qualified consumers for the purpose of implementing 
                energy efficiency measures; and
                    ``(B) at the election of any eligible entity that 
                receives a loan under subparagraph (A) of this 
                paragraph, a grant in accordance with paragraph 
                (11).'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (9) as 
                paragraphs (3) through (10), respectively, and 
                inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Prioritization.--The Secretary shall give priority to 
        applications from eligible entities serving at least 80 percent 
        of their ratepayers residing in rural areas, as defined in 
        section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated by 
                subparagraph (C) of this paragraph)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting 
                        ``for loans'' before the period; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking 
                        ``that is'';
                    (E) by striking paragraph (6) (as so redesignated 
                by subparagraph (C) of this paragraph) and inserting 
                the following:
            ``(6) Repayment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B) of 
                this paragraph, with respect to a loan under paragraph 
                (1)(A)--
                            ``(i) the term shall not exceed 20 years 
                        from the date on which the loan is closed; and
                            ``(ii) except as provided in paragraph (8), 
                        the repayment of each advance shall be 
                        amortized for a period not to exceed 10 years.
                    ``(B) Extensions.--The Secretary may extend the 
                term of a loan under subparagraph (A)(i), or the 
                deadline for repayment of an advance under subparagraph 
                (A)(ii), as the Secretary determines appropriate.'';
                    (F) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated by 
                subparagraph (C) of this paragraph)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``(1)'' and inserting ``(1)(A)''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``Repayment'' and inserting ``Subject to an 
                        applicable extension under paragraph (6)(B), 
                        repayment'';
                    (G) by striking paragraph (9) (as so redesignated 
                by subparagraph (C) of this paragraph) and inserting 
                the following:
            ``(9) Limitations.--
                    ``(A) Special advances.--All special advances shall 
                be made under a loan described in paragraph (1) during 
                the first 10 years of the term of the loan.
                    ``(B) Replacement of manufactured housing units or 
                large appliances.--Not more than 10 percent of the 
                total annual amount of budget authority for loans 
                described in paragraph (1) may be used for the 
                replacement of manufactured housing units or large 
                appliances.''; and
                    (H) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(11) Grants.--
                    ``(A) In general.--At the election of an eligible 
                entity that receives a loan under this subsection, the 
                Secretary may provide to the eligible entity a grant to 
                pay for a portion of the costs incurred in--
                            ``(i) making repairs to the property of a 
                        qualified consumer that facilitates the energy 
                        efficiency measures for the property financed 
                        through a loan provided to the qualified 
                        consumer under subsection (d); or
                            ``(ii) providing technical assistance, 
                        outreach, and training.
                    ``(B) Amount.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), the amount of a grant provided to 
                        an eligible entity under this paragraph shall 
                        be equal to not more than 5 percent of the 
                        amount of the loan provided to the eligible 
                        entity under this subsection.
                            ``(ii) Persistent poverty counties.--The 
                        amount of a grant provided under this paragraph 
                        to an eligible entity that will use the grant 
                        to make loans under subsection (d) to qualified 
                        consumers located in a persistent poverty 
                        county (as determined by the Secretary) shall 
                        be equal to 10 percent of the amount of the 
                        loan provided to the eligible entity under this 
                        subsection.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``or grant'' before 
                        ``funds''; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) 
                        and inserting the following:
                    ``(B)(i) may have a term and amortization schedule 
                the length of which is the useful life of the energy 
                efficiency measures implemented using the loan, if the 
                loan term does not exceed 20 years; and
                    ``(ii) shall finance energy efficiency measures for 
                the purpose of decreasing energy usage or costs of the 
                qualified consumer by an amount that ensures, to the 
                maximum extent practicable, that the applicable loan 
                term described in clause (i) will not pose an undue 
                financial burden on the qualified consumer, as 
                determined by the eligible entity;
                    ``(C) shall not be used to fund purchases of, or 
                modifications to, personal property unless the personal 
                property--
                            ``(i) is a manufactured housing unit or 
                        large appliance described in subsection 
                        (b)(2)(B); or
                            ``(ii) is or becomes attached to real 
                        property as a fixture;''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Clarification of eligibility.--Notwithstanding any 
        other provision of law (including regulations), an eligible 
        entity may make a loan under this subsection to any qualified 
        consumer located within the service territory of the eligible 
        entity, regardless of whether the qualified consumer is located 
        in a rural area.'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting 
                ``Outreach,'' before ``and Technical Assistance'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and 
                        technical assistance of the program'' and 
                        inserting ``outreach, and technical assistance 
                        relating to the program under this section''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting 
                        ``, outreach,'' before ``and training''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Funding.--Not less than 3 but not more than 5 percent 
        of amounts appropriated under subsection (i) may be used to 
        provide outreach, training, and technical assistance under this 
        subsection.''; and
            (5) in subsection (i), by striking ``2014 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6302. REGIONAL COMMISSION REAUTHORIZATION.

    (a) State Capacity Building Program.--Section 6304(c)(9)(A) of the 
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (40 U.S.C. 15501 note) is amended 
by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.
    (b) Regional Commission.--Section 15751(a) of title 40, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting 
``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6303. PROMOTING PRECISION AGRICULTURE.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Advanced wireless communications technology.--The term 
        ``advanced wireless communications technology'' means advanced 
        technology that contributes to mobile (5G or beyond) networks, 
        next-generation Wi-Fi networks, or other future networks using 
        other technologies, regardless of whether the network is 
        operating on an exclusive licensed, shared licensed, or 
        unlicensed frequency band.
            (2) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
        intelligence'' has the meaning given the term in section 238(g) 
        of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for 
        Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 
        4061).
            (3) Foreign adversary.--The term ``foreign adversary'' 
        means any foreign government or foreign nongovernment person 
        engaged in a long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct 
        significantly adverse to the national security of the United 
        States, or security and safety of United States persons.
            (4) Precision agriculture; precision agriculture 
        technology.--The terms ``precision agriculture'' and 
        ``precision agriculture technology'' have the meanings given 
        the terms in section 1201 of the Food Security Act of 1985.
            (5) Trusted.--The term ``trusted'' means, with respect to a 
        provider of advanced communications service or a supplier of 
        communications equipment or service, that the Secretary has 
        determined that the provider or supplier is not owned by, 
        controlled by, or subject to the influence of, a foreign 
        adversary.
            (6) Voluntary consensus standards development 
        organization.--The term ``voluntary consensus standards 
        development organization'' means an organization that develops 
        standards in a process that meets the principles for the 
        development of voluntary consensus standards (as defined in the 
        document of the Office of Management and Budget entitled 
        ``Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary 
        Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities'' 
        (OMB Circular A-119)).
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are--
            (1) to enhance the participation of precision agriculture 
        in the United States; and
            (2) to promote United States leadership in voluntary 
        consensus standards development organizations that set 
        standards for precision agriculture.
    (c) Interconnectivity Standards for Precision Agriculture.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
        and the Federal Communications Commission, shall--
                    (A) develop voluntary, consensus-based, private 
                sector-led interconnectivity standards, guidelines, and 
                best practices for precision agriculture that will 
                promote economies of scale and ease the burden of the 
                adoption of precision agriculture; and
                    (B) in carrying out subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) coordinate with relevant public and 
                        trusted private sector stakeholders and other 
                        relevant industry organizations, including 
                        voluntary consensus standards development 
                        organizations; and
                            (ii) consult with sector-specific agencies, 
                        other appropriate agencies, and State and local 
                        governments.
            (2) Considerations.--The Secretary, in carrying out 
        paragraph (1), shall, in consultation with the Federal 
        Communications Commission and the Director of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology, consider--
                    (A) the evolving demands of precision agriculture;
                    (B) the connectivity needs of precision agriculture 
                technology;
                    (C) the cybersecurity challenges facing precision 
                agriculture, including cybersecurity threats for 
                agriculture producers and agriculture supply chains;
                    (D) the impact of advanced wireless communications 
                technology on precision agriculture; and
                    (E) the impact of artificial intelligence on 
                precision agriculture.
    (d) GAO Assessment of Precision Agriculture Standards.--
            (1) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the Secretary 
        develops standards under subsection (c), and every 2 years 
        thereafter for the following 8 years, the Comptroller General 
        of the United States shall conduct a study that assesses those 
        standards, including the extent to which those standards, as 
        applicable--
                    (A) are voluntary;
                    (B) were developed in coordination with relevant 
                industry organizations, including voluntary consensus 
                standards development organizations; and
                    (C) have successfully encouraged the adoption of 
                precision agriculture.
            (2) Report.--The Comptroller General of the United States 
        shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, 
        and Technology of the House of Representatives, the Committee 
        on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        a report that summarizes the findings of each study conducted 
        under paragraph (1).

SEC. 6304. FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN GUARANTEED LOANS.

    Section 310B of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1932) is amended by inserting after subsection (e) the 
following:
    ``(f) Food Supply Chain Capacity and Resilience Guaranteed Loans.--
            ``(1) Definition of food supply chain guaranteed loan.--In 
        this subsection, the term `food supply chain guaranteed loan' 
        means a business and industry guaranteed loan that is made or 
        guaranteed by the Secretary under subsection (a)(2)(A), 
        including a guarantee described in subsection (a)(3).
            ``(2) Purpose.--A food supply chain guaranteed loan may be 
        made for the purpose of financing new investments in the start-
        up or expansion of projects in the United States that will 
        increase the capacity of the food supply chain in the United 
        States to aggregate, process, manufacture, store, transport, 
        wholesale, or distribute food, agricultural products, or 
        agricultural inputs.
            ``(3) Limitations.--The maximum amount of a food supply 
        chain guaranteed loan shall not exceed $40,000,000.
            ``(4) Loan guarantees in nonrural areas.--The Secretary may 
        guarantee a food supply chain guaranteed loan to an eligible 
        entity for a facility that is not located in a rural area if--
                    ``(A) the primary purpose of the loan guarantee is 
                for a facility to aggregate, process, manufacture, 
                store, transport, wholesale, or distribute food 
                agricultural products, or agricultural inputs for 
                agricultural producers or processors that are located 
                within 80 miles of the facility;
                    ``(B) the applicant demonstrates to the Secretary 
                that the primary benefit of the loan guarantee will be 
                to provide employment for residents of a rural area; 
                and
                    ``(C) the total principal amount of food supply 
                chain guaranteed loans guaranteed for a fiscal year 
                under this paragraph does not exceed 10 percent of the 
                total principal amount of food supply chain guaranteed 
                loans made for the fiscal year under subsection 
                (a)(2)(A).
            ``(5) Reservation of funds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For each of fiscal years 2025 
                through 2029, the Secretary shall reserve not more than 
                5 percent of the funds made available to carry out 
                subsection (a) to carry out this subsection.
                    ``(B) Availability of funds.--Funds reserved under 
                subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year shall be reserved 
                until April 1 of the fiscal year.''.

SEC. 6305. NEW, MOBILE, AND EXPANDED MEAT PROCESSING AND RENDERING 
              GRANTS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) a public, private, or cooperative organization 
                organized on a for-profit or nonprofit basis, including 
                a small establishment and very small establishment;
                    (B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the 
                Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 
                (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                    (C) a land-grant college or university (as defined 
                in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, 
                Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
                3103));
                    (D) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as 
                defined in that section); and
                    (E) a State department of agriculture or other 
                applicable State office with authority over meat and 
                poultry processing and rendering.
            (2) Small establishment; very small establishment.--The 
        terms ``small establishment'' and ``very small establishment'' 
        have the meanings given the terms ``smaller establishment'' and 
        ``very small establishment'', respectively, in the final rule 
        entitled ``Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical 
        Control Point (HACCP) Systems'' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25, 
        1996)) (or successor regulations).
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are--
            (1) to create more resilient local and regional food 
        systems;
            (2) to expand, diversify, and increase resilience in meat 
        and poultry processing and rendering activities;
            (3) to increase farmer and rancher access to animal 
        slaughter options;
            (4) to improve compliance of processors with livestock and 
        poultry processing statutes (including regulations), including 
        the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) and the 
        Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.);
            (5) to reduce barriers to entry for new meat and poultry 
        processors and renderers;
            (6) to establish new, or update, expand, or otherwise 
        improve existing, meat and poultry processing and rendering 
        facilities; and
            (7) to support the processing and slaughtering of niche 
        production methods such as halal, kosher, and other specific 
        cultural methods.
    (c) Grants.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall award grants to 
        eligible entities to use in accordance with subsection (d).
            (2) Maximum amount.--The maximum amount of a grant awarded 
        under paragraph (1) shall not exceed $500,000.
            (3) Duration.--The term of a grant awarded under paragraph 
        (1) shall not exceed 3 years.
            (4) Priority.--In awarding grants under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall give priority to small establishments and very 
        small establishments.
    (d) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity receiving a grant under this 
section shall use the grant to carry out activities in support of the 
purposes described in subsection (b), including activities--
            (1) to identify and analyze business opportunities, 
        including feasibility studies required for credit worthiness;
            (2) to achieve compliance with applicable Federal, State, 
        or local regulations;
            (3) to conduct regional, community, and local economic 
        development planning and coordination and leadership 
        development;
            (4) to incentivize new, innovative, or mobile enterprises 
        for increasing or improving local and regional meat or poultry 
        processing and rendering;
            (5) to implement humane handling infrastructure, including 
        holding space for livestock prior to slaughter, shade 
        structures, and structures and equipment for humane slaughter;
            (6) to develop a feasibility study or business plan for, or 
        carry out any other activity associated with, establishing or 
        expanding a small meat or poultry slaughter, processing, or 
        rendering facility;
            (7) to purchase equipment that enables the further use or 
        value-added sale of coproducts or byproducts; and
            (8) to purchase cold storage and related equipment.
    (e) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the activities carried out 
using a grant awarded under this section shall not exceed--
            (1) 90 percent in the case of a grant in the amount of 
        $100,000 or less; or
            (2) 75 percent in the case of a grant in an amount greater 
        than $100,000.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $3,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.

SEC. 6306. EXPANDING CHILDCARE IN RURAL AMERICA INITIATIVE.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Childcare.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``childcare'' means any 
                program that--
                            (i) provides quality care and early 
                        education for children who have not yet entered 
                        first grade; and
                            (ii) is operated by--
                                    (I) an eligible childcare provider 
                                described in section 658P(6)(A) of the 
                                Child Care and Development Block Grant 
                                Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858n(6)(A)); or
                                    (II) a childcare provider that, on 
                                the date of enactment of this Act--
                                            (aa) is licensed, 
                                        regulated, or registered in the 
                                        State, territory, or Indian 
                                        Tribe in which the provider is 
                                        located; and
                                            (bb) meets applicable 
                                        State, Tribal, territorial, and 
                                        local health and safety 
                                        requirements.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``childcare'' includes--
                            (i) a school-based program described in 
                        subparagraph (A);
                            (ii) a facility used for a program 
                        described in subparagraph (A); and
                            (iii) a service provided under a program 
                        described in subparagraph (A).
            (2) Initiative.--The term ``Initiative'' means the 
        Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative established 
        under subsection (b).
            (3) Rural area.--The term ``rural area'' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated 
        Farm and Rural Development Act.
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an initiative, to 
be known as the ``Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative'', 
under which the Secretary shall provide, for each of fiscal years 2025 
through 2027, priority in accordance with subsection (c) to address the 
availability, quality, and cost of childcare in rural areas.
    (c) Childcare Priorities.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law, in selecting recipients of loans and grants under a 
        program described in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall give 
        priority to any qualified applicant that proposes to use the 
        loan or grant to address the availability, quality, or cost of 
        childcare.
            (2) Description of programs.--The programs referred to in 
        paragraph (1) are the following:
                    (A) The essential community facilities loan and 
                grant programs authorized under section 306(a) of the 
                Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
                1926(a)).
                    (B) The business and industry direct and guaranteed 
                loan program authorized under section 310B(g) of that 
                Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)).
                    (C) The rural microentrepreneur assistance program 
                authorized under section 379E of that Act (7 U.S.C. 
                2008s).
                    (D) The intermediary relending program authorized 
                under the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1936b).
    (d) Requirements.--In providing funding in accordance with the 
Initiative, the Secretary shall ensure a balanced geographical 
distribution of the benefits under the Initiative.
    (e) Evaluation; Report.--
            (1) Evaluation.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a 
        comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the 
        projects carried out using assistance provided under the 
        Initiative, including--
                    (A) a description of--
                            (i) the types of projects carried out;
                            (ii) the communities in which the projects 
                        are carried out;
                            (iii) the organizations and entities 
                        participating in the projects; and
                            (iv) the types of partnerships developed to 
                        carry out the projects; and
                    (B) the economic and social impacts of the 
                investments in the projects.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives a report describing the evaluation conducted 
        under paragraph (1), including a thorough analysis of the 
        outcomes of the evaluation.

SEC. 6307. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY UNDERSERVED AND 
              DISTRESSED AREAS.

    (a) In General.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of 
this section, the Secretary shall directly, or through cooperative 
agreements, provide technical assistance and strengthen local capacity 
to improve access to rural development programs administered by the 
Secretary for local partners (including local governments, 
cooperatives, businesses, and community anchor institutions) in 
geographically underserved and distressed areas.
    (b) Reports.--Beginning 1 year after the date of the enactment of 
this section, the Secretary shall annually publish, make available to 
the public, and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry of the Senate a report on how the provision of technical 
assistance under subsection (a) has affected geographically underserved 
and distressed areas in the year covered by the report.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Geographically underserved and distressed area.--The 
        term ``geographically underserved and distressed area'' means a 
        rural area (as defined in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the 
        Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
        1991(a)(13)(A)))--
                    (A) in a socially vulnerable community (as 
                determined by the Secretary);
                    (B) in a persistent poverty county (as determined 
                by the Secretary);
                    (C) in an economically distressed area (as 
                determined by the Secretary); or
                    (D) in a colonia.
            (2) Community anchor institution.--The term ``community 
        anchor institution'' means--
                    (A) a public library;
                    (B) an elementary or secondary school;
                    (C) an institution of higher education;
                    (D) a health care facility; or
                    (E) any other nonprofit or governmental community 
                support organization.

SEC. 6308. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION CENTER.

    Subtitle D of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1981- 2008w) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 379J. RURAL DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION CENTER.

    ``(a) Definition of Rural Development Mission Areas.--In this 
section, the term `Rural Development Mission Areas' means the agencies 
under the Rural Development Agency at the Department of Agriculture, 
including the Rural Utilities Service, Rural Business-Cooperative 
Service, and the Rural Housing Service.
    ``(b) Establishment.--There is hereby established within the Rural 
Development Mission Areas a Rural Development Innovation Center (the 
`Innovation Center') to promote and facilitate innovation in the 
administration and implementation of rural development programs and 
initiatives.
    ``(c) Functions.--The Innovation Center shall--
            ``(1) review all processes for Rural Development Mission 
        Area programs to identify inefficiencies, redundancies, and 
        barriers to access, including--
                    ``(A) unnecessary delays in loan and grant 
                applications processing and approvals;
                    ``(B) high application costs; and
                    ``(C) deficiencies in technical assistance for 
                programs;
            ``(2) establish and maintain an ongoing public process for 
        public and private stakeholders to provide perspectives on the 
        challenges faced when applying for, utilizing, or participating 
        in Rural Development Mission Area programs;
            ``(3) identify and assess any innovative strategies and 
        collaborative models to enhance the efficiency and 
        effectiveness of rural development programs and initiatives;
            ``(4) foster and maintain partnerships with public and 
        private stakeholders to leverage expertise and resources for 
        the Rural Development Mission Areas;
            ``(5) promote cross-agency collaborations and identify best 
        practices in rural economic development;
            ``(6) identify and implement technological solutions and 
        software applications to improve the effectiveness and 
        efficiency of Rural Development Mission Area programs, 
        including enhancing data management systems;
            ``(7) conduct research, analysis, and evaluation to 
        modernize, simplify, and improve Rural Development Mission Area 
        programs, and ensure that the programs are accessible, 
        transparent, and user-friendly; and
            ``(8) disseminate information, guidance, and training 
        materials to Rural Development Mission Area personnel and 
        stakeholders on innovative rural development practices and 
        opportunities.
    ``(d) Modernization Plan.--The Innovation Center shall develop, and 
periodically update, a modernization plan to facilitate innovation in 
administering and implementing rural development programs and 
initiatives that--
            ``(1) outlines strategies aimed at harnessing the potential 
        of emerging technologies for program delivery and overall 
        service;
            ``(2) enhances program efficiencies by identifying and 
        implementing measures to streamline program and administrative 
        processes, reduce redundancies, and optimize resource 
        allocation;
            ``(3) expands the availability and accessibility of digital 
        services, leveraging digital platforms and tools to broaden the 
        reach of the programs and improve the overall user experience 
        for rural stakeholders;
            ``(4) integrates data-driven solutions to optimize program 
        delivery and maximize impact and effectiveness of the efforts 
        in rural development; and
            ``(5) establishes periodic milestones and goals to track 
        the progress of the modernization plan.
    ``(e) Report.--The Secretary shall submit an annual report to the 
Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on--
            ``(1) the activities and accomplishments of the Innovation 
        Center, including progress in advancing rural development 
        innovation and the outcome achieved;
            ``(2) a comprehensive working plan designed to actively 
        engage public and private stakeholders, as described in 
        subsection (c)(2); and
            ``(3) the progress on the modernization plan described in 
        subsection (d).''.

SEC. 6309. RURAL HEALTH LIAISON REPORT.

    Section 236 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6946) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) coordinate with the National Institute of Food and 
        Agriculture in implementation of the Farm and Ranch Stress 
        Assistance Network provided for in section 7522 of the Food, 
        Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 5936).''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Report.--The Rural Health Liaison shall submit an annual 
report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
outlining the activities conducted under subsection (b).''.

SEC. 6310. PRECISION AGRICULTURE TASK FORCE AMENDMENTS.

    Section 12511(b) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (132 
Stat. 4992) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``2025'' 
                        and inserting ``2026''; and
                            (ii) by redesignating clauses (iv) through 
                        (vi) as clauses (vi) through (viii), 
                        respectively, and inserting after clause (iii) 
                        the following:
                            ``(iv) conduct a comprehensive evaluation 
                        of international standards and guidelines 
                        pertaining to precision agriculture policies 
                        and offer recommendations on their suitability 
                        and integration within the United States 
                        regulatory framework;
                            ``(v) review the competitive and security 
                        implications of the use and deployment of 
                        precision agricultural technologies by foreign 
                        governments or state sponsored entities in 
                        third countries;''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``(v) and 
                (vi)'' and inserting ``(vii) and (viii)''; and
            (2) in paragraph (6), by striking ``2025'' and inserting 
        ``2026''.

 Subtitle D--Additional Amendments to the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
                            Development Act

SEC. 6401. WATER, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND WASTEWATER FACILITY GRANTS.

    Section 306(a)(2)(B)(vii) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(2)(B)(vii)) is amended by striking 
``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6402. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER CIRCUIT RIDER PROGRAM.

    Section 306(a)(22) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(22)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(22) Rural water and wastewater circuit rider program.--
                    ``(A) Establishment.--The Secretary, through the 
                Rural Utilities Service, shall continue a national 
                rural water and wastewater circuit rider program that 
                is consistent with the activities and results of the 
                program conducted before the date of enactment of this 
                Act, and with this section, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
                    ``(B) Purpose.--The Rural Water and Wastewater 
                Circuit Rider Program shall provide a network of expert 
                rural water Circuit Riders located in all 50 States, 
                including United States territories and Freely 
                Associated States, which work one-on-one with eligible 
                rural water and wastewater systems in major assistance 
                categories described in subparagraph (D). The program 
                is intended to help rural water systems operate 
                effectively and efficiently and achieve long-term 
                sustainability and compliance with certain Federal laws 
                and requirements, including the Safe Water Drinking Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.) and the Clean Water Act (33 
                U.S.C. 1251 et seq.).
                    ``(C) Eligible entities.--In selecting recipients 
                of grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements to be 
                made available for activities listed under subparagraph 
                (D), the Secretary shall select nonprofit organizations 
                that have demonstrated experience providing technical 
                assistance and disaster and recovery assistance for 
                water and wastewater utilities nationwide. Awardees 
                shall rely on personnel that possess active water and 
                wastewater operators' licenses or overall knowledge of 
                water utilities necessary to carry out eligible 
                activities under subparagraph (D).
                    ``(D) Eligible uses of funds.--An eligible entity 
                shall use funds under the Rural Water and Wastewater 
                Circuit Rider program for a rural water, wastewater, or 
                wastewater disposal facility for--
                            ``(i) technical assistance, including--
                                    ``(I) Board training;
                                    ``(II) managerial and financial 
                                operations with the effort to enhance 
                                the long-term sustainability of rural 
                                water and wastewater systems, including 
                                partnerships, consolidation, and 
                                regionalization;
                                    ``(III) physical operation and 
                                maintenance of rural water and 
                                wastewater infrastructure;
                                    ``(IV) water treatment;
                                    ``(V) regulatory compliance;
                                    ``(VI) facility security;
                                    ``(VII) loan application and 
                                reporting;
                                    ``(VIII) cybersecurity; or
                                    ``(IX) other areas the Secretary 
                                deems appropriate;
                            ``(ii) disaster and recovery assistance 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) direct on-site personnel and 
                                equipment to eligible utilities;
                                    ``(II) coordinating in statewide 
                                emergency response networks;
                                    ``(III) facilitating the 
                                development of action plans between 
                                utilities, local governments, the 
                                Federal Emergency Management Agency and 
                                the State emergency management 
                                agencies;
                                    ``(IV) resiliency and mitigation 
                                planning;
                                    ``(V) GIS mapping;
                                    ``(VI) updating vulnerability 
                                assessments, preparation of emergency 
                                response plans, communication 
                                protocols, hazard recognition and 
                                evaluation skills;
                                    ``(VII) conducting preliminary 
                                damage assessments of critical 
                                infrastructure;
                                    ``(VIII) addressing outstanding 
                                deficiencies focused on resolving 
                                health-based regulatory, operational, 
                                financial, and managerial deficiencies 
                                that impact the sustainability of the 
                                affected utilities;
                                    ``(IX) application and reporting 
                                assistance for Federal and State 
                                requirements including Federal 
                                Emergency Management Agency and 
                                insurance recovery claims;
                                    ``(X) providing for disaster 
                                readiness, support, and response 
                                activities targeted to disadvantaged 
                                communities that lack the financial 
                                resources and human capital necessary 
                                to adequately address significant 
                                health, safety, or sanitary concerns; 
                                and
                                    ``(XI) other areas the Secretary 
                                deems appropriate.
                            ``(iii) Additional uses.--In response to 
                        activities under subparagraph (B) related to 
                        natural disasters and emergencies, not more 
                        than 5 percent of each award may be used to 
                        purchase or reimburse the rental costs of 
                        appropriate emergency equipment, as determined 
                        by the Secretary.
                    ``(E) Eligible project areas.--To receive 
                assistance under the Rural Water and Wastewater Circuit 
                Rider Program and carry out activities, an eligible 
                entity must serve--
                            ``(i) an area with a population of--
                                    ``(I) 10,000 or fewer inhabitants 
                                for technical assistance under 
                                subparagraph (D)(i); or
                                    ``(II) 50,000 or fewer inhabitants 
                                for disaster and recovery assistance 
                                under subparagraph (D)(ii); and
                            ``(ii) a public body, non-profit 
                        corporation, or Indian tribe with legal 
                        authority to own and operate the water 
                        facility.
                    ``(F) Authorization of appropriations.--There is 
                authorized to be appropriated to carry out this 
                paragraph $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 through 
                fiscal year 2029.''.

SEC. 6403. ZERO AND LOW INTEREST LOANS FOR DISTRESSED WATER SYSTEMS.

    Section 306(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1926(a)) is amended by inserting after paragraph (22) the 
following:
            ``(23) Assistance for distressed water systems.--
                    ``(A) To promote the long-term sustainability and 
                financial viability of eligible rural community waste 
                disposal and water facilities as described in 
                subparagraph (B), for any entity described in 
                subparagraph (C), the Secretary may--
                            ``(i) make a zero percent interest loan or 
                        a 1 percent interest loan pursuant to paragraph 
                        (1);
                            ``(ii) forgive the principal or interest, 
                        or modify any term or condition of a new or 
                        existing loan made pursuant to paragraph (1);
                            ``(iii) refinance all or part of any other 
                        loan made for an eligible purpose under 
                        paragraph (1) of this subsection or section 
                        306C; or
                            ``(iv) waive any fee required to insure or 
                        guarantee a loan pursuant to paragraph (1) or 
                        (24).
                    ``(B) To promote the long-term sustainability and 
                financial viability of eligible entities, the Secretary 
                shall--
                            ``(i) provide assistance to an eligible 
                        entity for the purpose of--
                                    ``(I) ensuring the entity has 
                                necessary resources to maintain public 
                                health, safety, or order;
                                    ``(II) addressing financial 
                                hardships of the eligible entity, its 
                                customers, and the community it serves; 
                                and
                                    ``(III) identifying the financial 
                                stability of the eligible entity, 
                                including--
                                            ``(aa) operational 
                                        practices;
                                            ``(bb) revenue 
                                        enhancements;
                                            ``(cc) policy revisions;
                                            ``(dd) partnerships, 
                                        regionalization, or 
                                        consolidation of water systems; 
                                        and
                                            ``(ee) contract services;
                            ``(ii) require an applicant to--
                                    ``(I) receive financial planning 
                                assistance; and
                                    ``(II) prepare a long-term 
                                financial plan.
                    ``(C) An entity shall be eligible for assistance 
                under this paragraph if the entity--
                            ``(i) is a rural water, wastewater, or 
                        wastewater disposal system with respect to 
                        which assistance may be provided under a water 
                        or wastewater, or waste disposal program under 
                        this subsection or section 306A, 306C, or 306D, 
                        and
                            ``(ii) is--
                                    ``(I) located in a socially 
                                disadvantaged community, a persistent 
                                poverty county, colonia, or distressed 
                                tribal area, as determined by the 
                                Secretary; or
                                    ``(II) facing an economic hardship 
                                as defined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 6404. TRIBAL COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ESSENTIAL COMMUNITY 
              FACILITIES.

    Section 306(a)(25)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(25)(C)) is amended by striking ``2008 
through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6405. EMERGENCY AND IMMINENT COMMUNITY WATER ASSISTANCE GRANT 
              PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 306A(i)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926a(i)(2)) is amended by striking 
``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6406. WATER SYSTEMS FOR RURAL AND NATIVE VILLAGES IN ALASKA.

    Section 306D(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1926d(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023'' 
and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6407. RURAL DECENTRALIZED WATER SYSTEMS.

    Section 306E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 1926e) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 306E. RURAL DECENTRALIZED WATER SYSTEMS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible individual.--The term `eligible individual' 
        means an individual who is a member of a household the members 
        of which have a combined income (for the most recent 12-month 
        period for which the information is available) that is not more 
        than 80 percent of the median nonmetropolitan household income 
        for the State or territory in which the individual resides, 
        according to the most recent decennial census of the United 
        States.
            ``(2) Eligible grant recipient.--The term `eligible grant 
        recipient' means a private nonprofit organization that uses a 
        grant provided under this section for the purposes described in 
        subsection (b)(1).
            ``(3) Qualified water quality testing.--The term `qualified 
        water quality testing' means a baseline analysis of the 
        bacterial and chemical characteristics of concern from a 
        drinking water sample collected at the point of consumption and 
        tested by a laboratory certified to conduct water quality 
        testing that is provided to--
                    ``(A) the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) the eligible grant recipient receiving a 
                grant under this section and any eligible individual 
                served by the eligible grant recipient.
    ``(b) Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make grants to an 
        eligible grant recipient for the purpose of--
                    ``(A) providing loans and subgrants to eligible 
                individuals for--
                            ``(i) the construction, refurbishing, and 
                        servicing of individual household water well 
                        systems and individually owned household 
                        decentralized wastewater systems in rural areas 
                        that are or will be owned by the eligible 
                        individuals; or
                            ``(ii) in the event of ground well water 
                        contamination, the installation or replacement 
                        of water treatment, where needed as determined 
                        by a qualified water quality test or other 
                        third party documentation to the satisfaction 
                        of the Secretary;
                    ``(B) performing qualified water quality testing of 
                individual household water well systems and 
                individually utilized household decentralized 
                wastewater systems in rural areas that are or will be 
                utilized by the eligible individuals; or
                    ``(C) providing technical assistance to eligible 
                individuals for--
                            ``(i) the installation or replacement of 
                        individual household water well systems and 
                        individually owned household decentralized 
                        wastewater systems in rural areas that are or 
                        will be owned by the eligible individuals;
                            ``(ii) interpreting qualified water quality 
                        tests; or
                            ``(iii) addressing ground well water 
                        contamination.
            ``(2) Terms and amounts for loans and subgrants.--
                    ``(A) Terms of loans.--A loan made with grant funds 
                under this section--
                            ``(i) shall have an interest rate of 1 
                        percent; and
                            ``(ii) shall have a term not to exceed 20 
                        years.
                    ``(B) Amounts.--A loan or subgrant made with grant 
                funds under this section shall not exceed $20,000 for 
                each water well system or decentralized wastewater 
                system described in paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Administrative expenses.--A recipient of a grant made 
        under this section may use grant funds to pay administrative 
        expenses associated with providing the assistance described in 
        paragraph (1), as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(4) Water treatment standards.--Water treatment provided 
        under this section shall--
                    ``(A) incorporate components that are third-party 
                certified as compliant with relevant consensus-based 
                standards for drinking water treatment units or 
                systems, as determined by the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) be installed, according to the instructions 
                of the manufacturer, by a qualified, certified, or 
                licensed water treatment professional, including a 
                professional credentialed through a manufacturer or 
                third-party.
    ``(c) Priority in Awarding Grants.--In awarding grants under this 
section, the Secretary shall give priority to an applicant that has 
substantial expertise and experience in promoting the safe and 
effective use of individually owned household water well systems, 
individually owned household decentralized wastewater systems, and 
ground water.
    ``(d) Limitation.--An eligible grant recipient cannot use more than 
10 percent of a grant awarded under this section for the activities 
described under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (b)(1).
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 6408. ASSISTANCE TO RURAL ENTITIES.

    Section 310B(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1932(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Precision agriculture; precision agriculture 
                technology.--The terms `precision agriculture' and 
                `precision agriculture technology' have the meanings 
                given those terms in section 1201 of the Food Security 
                Act of 1985.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph 
                (C);
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of 
                subparagraph (D) and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) expanding the adoption of precision 
                agriculture practices, including by financing the 
                acquisition of precision agriculture technology, in 
                order to promote best practices, reduce costs, and 
                improve the environment.''.

SEC. 6409. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT GRANTS.

    Section 310B(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1932(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``governments and related 
        agencies'' and inserting ``governments, related agencies, and 
        Indian tribes''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and 
        inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6410. RURAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.

    Section 310B(c)(4)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(c)(4)(A)) is amended by striking ``2014 
through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6411. RURAL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.

    Section 310B(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1932(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Cooperative development.--The term 
                `cooperative development' means activities including 
                education, training, and technical assistance, to 
                support the start-up, expansion, or ongoing 
                sustainability of new and existing cooperatives.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``underserved 
                and economically distressed areas in rural areas of the 
                United States'' and inserting ``socially vulnerable, 
                underserved, or distressed communities''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (F)--
                            (i) by inserting ``at least'' before ``a 25 
                        percent''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``, and all applications 
                        that satisfy this subparagraph shall be given 
                        the same priority for the scoring criterion 
                        based on satisfying this subparagraph'' before 
                        the period;
            (3) in paragraph (6), by striking subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Award renewals for qualified non-profit 
                institutions.--The Secretary shall award a grant under 
                this subsection to a non-profit institution on the same 
                terms and for the establishment or operation of the 
                same center or centers for cooperative development for 
                which the non-profit institution was awarded a grant in 
                the current fiscal year, if the non-profit 
                institution--
                            ``(i) is a recipient of an award under this 
                        subsection;
                            ``(ii) requests a renewal under this 
                        subparagraph;
                            ``(iii) has submitted a complete 
                        application under this subsection in the 
                        preceding 2 fiscal years; and
                            ``(iv) has operated the center or centers 
                        for cooperative development in a manner which 
                        successfully meets the parameters described in 
                        paragraph (5), as determined by the 
                        Secretary.'';
            (4) in paragraph (10), by adding at the end the following: 
        ``The Secretary shall analyze the data resulting from the 
        research, and include the data and the analysis in the annual 
        report submitted by the interagency working group under 
        paragraph (12).'';
            (5) in paragraph (12), by adding at the end the following: 
        ``Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
        this sentence and annually thereafter, the interagency working 
        group shall submit to the Congress a report describing the 
        activities carried out by the working group.''; and
            (6) in paragraph (13), by striking ``2014 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6412. LENDER FEES IN GUARANTEED LOAN PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Section 333 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1983) is 
amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(a) In General.--'' before ``In 
        connection'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by adding ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in paragraph (6)(E), by striking ``; and'' and 
        inserting a period;
            (4) by striking paragraph (7); and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Fees.--
            ``(1) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may assess an 
        initial guarantee fee for any insured or guaranteed loan issued 
        or modified under section 306(a) in an amount that does not 
        exceed 3 percent of the guaranteed principal portion of the 
        loan.
            ``(2) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may assess a 
        periodic retention fee for any insured or guaranteed loan or 
        modified under section 306(a) in an amount that does not exceed 
        0.75 percent of the outstanding principal of the guaranteed 
        loan.
            ``(3) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for any 
        insured or guaranteed loan issued or modified under section 
        306(a), the Secretary, not less than 30 days in advance of any 
        fee change, shall provide a public disclosure, of the financial 
        data, economic and behavioral assumptions, calculations, and 
        other factors used to determine the new fee rates.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 310B(g)(5) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 
1932(g)(5)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(5) Fees.--
                    ``(A) Initial guarantee fee.--The Secretary may 
                assess an initial guarantee fee for any guaranteed 
                business and industry loan in an amount that does not 
                exceed 3 percent of the guaranteed principal portion of 
                the loan.
                    ``(B) Periodic retention fee.--The Secretary may 
                assess a periodic retention fee for any guaranteed 
                business and industry loan in an amount that does not 
                exceed 0.75 percent of the outstanding principal of the 
                guaranteed loan.
                    ``(C) Disclosure.--In altering any fee charged for 
                any guaranteed business and industry loan, the 
                Secretary, not less than 30 days in advance of any fee 
                change, shall provide a public disclosure, of the 
                financial data, economic and behavioral assumptions, 
                calculations, and other factors used to determine the 
                new fee rates.''.

SEC. 6413. LOCALLY OR REGIONALLY PRODUCED AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTS.

    Section 310B(g)(9)(B)(iv)(I) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(g)(9)(B)(iv)(I)) is amended by striking 
``2008 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6414. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR RURAL AREAS PROGRAM.

    Section 310B(i)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)(4)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023'' 
and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6415. RURAL ECONOMIC AREA PARTNERSHIP ZONES.

    Section 310B(j) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1932(j)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 6416. INTERMEDIARY RELENDING PROGRAM.

    Section 310H(i) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1936b(i)) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and 
inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6417. RURAL HEALTH CARE FACILITY ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Section 342 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1990a) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Assistance'' and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Refinancing of Certain Rural Health Care Facility Debt.--
            ``(1) In general.--Assistance'';
            (2) by striking ``rural hospital'' and inserting ``an 
        eligible health care facility'';
            (3) by striking ``a community'' and inserting ``an area'';
            (4) by striking ``hospital,'' and inserting ``eligible 
        health care facility,''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Requirements.--To promote the long-term 
        sustainability and financial viability of an eligible health 
        care facility, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) provide assistance to an eligible health care 
                facility for the purpose of--
                            ``(i) ensuring the facility has necessary 
                        resources to maintain public health, safety, or 
                        order;
                            ``(ii) addressing financial hardships of 
                        the facility, its patients, and the area it 
                        serves; and
                            ``(iii) identifying the financial stability 
                        of the facility, including--
                                    ``(I) operational practices;
                                    ``(II) revenue enhancements;
                                    ``(III) policy revisions;
                                    ``(IV) partnerships, 
                                regionalization, or consolidation of 
                                rural health systems; and
                                    ``(V) contract services; and
                    ``(B) require an applicant to--
                            ``(i) receive financial planning 
                        assistance; and
                            ``(ii) prepare a long-term financial plan.
            ``(3) Waiver.--In the case of an application for 
        refinancing pursuant to this section, the Secretary may waive 
        the requirement of section 302(a)(1)(D) if the eligible health 
        care facility is insolvent.
    ``(b) Rural Health Care Facility Technical Assistance Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--In lieu of any other authority under 
        which the Secretary may provide technical assistance to any 
        eligible health care facility, the Secretary shall establish, 
        and maintain, directly or by grant, contract, or cooperative 
        agreement, a Rural Health Care Facility Technical Assistance 
        Program (in this section referred to as the `Program') to 
        provide technical assistance and training, tailored to the 
        capacity and needs of each eligible health care facility, to 
        help eligible health care facilities in rural areas--
                    ``(A) identify development needs for maintaining 
                essential health care services, and support action 
                plans for operational and quality improvement projects 
                to meet the development needs;
                    ``(B) better manage their financial and business 
                strategies, including providing financial planning 
                assistance and preparing long-term financial plans; and
                    ``(C) identify, and apply for assistance from, loan 
                and grant programs of the Department of Agriculture for 
                which the facilities are eligible.
            ``(2) Goals.--The goals of the Program shall be to--
                    ``(A) improve the long-term financial position and 
                operational efficiency of the eligible health care 
                facilities;
                    ``(B) prevent the closure of eligible health care 
                facilities;
                    ``(C) strengthen the delivery of health care in 
                rural areas;
                    ``(D) help eligible health care facilities better 
                access and compete for loans and grants from programs 
                administered by the Department of Agriculture; and
                    ``(E) continue the activities of the Rural Hospital 
                Technical Assistance Program in effect as of the date 
                of the enactment of this subsection.
            ``(3) Program participation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall engage in 
                outreach and engagement strategies to encourage 
                eligible health care facilities to participate in the 
                Program.
                    ``(B) Eligible health care facility selection.--In 
                selecting eligible health care facilities to 
                participate in the Program, the Secretary shall give 
                priority to borrowers and grantees of the Rural Housing 
                Service, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, and Rural 
                Utilities Service. The Secretary may also consider--
                            ``(i) the age and physical state of the 
                        health care facility involved;
                            ``(ii) the financial vulnerability of the 
                        eligible health care facility, and the ability 
                        of the eligible health care facility to meet 
                        debt obligations;
                            ``(iii) the electronic health record 
                        implementation needs of the health care 
                        facility;
                            ``(iv) whether the eligible health care 
                        facility is located in a health professional 
                        shortage area or a medically underserved area;
                            ``(v) whether the eligible health care 
                        facility serves a medically underserved 
                        population; and
                            ``(vi) such other criteria and priorities 
                        as are determined by the Secretary of 
                        Agriculture.
                    ``(C) Reporting requirements.--Not later than 1 
                year after the date of the enactment of this section, 
                and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to 
                the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a written report 
                describing the progress and results of the program 
                conducted under this section, which should include--
                            ``(i) a brief description of each project 
                        to provide technical assistance to an eligible 
                        health care facility under this section, 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) the name and location of the 
                                facility;
                                    ``(II) a description of the 
                                assistance provided;
                                    ``(III) a description of the 
                                outcomes for completed projects;
                                    ``(IV) the cost of the technical 
                                assistance; and
                                    ``(V) any other information the 
                                Secretary deems appropriate;
                            ``(ii) a summary of the technical 
                        assistance projects completed;
                            ``(iii) a summary of the outcomes of the 
                        technical assistance projects;
                            ``(iv) an assessment of the effectiveness 
                        of the Program; and
                            ``(v) recommendations for improving the 
                        Program.
                    ``(D) Limitations on authorization of 
                appropriations.--To carry out this section, there are 
                authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary not more 
                than $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
                2029.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 343(a)(13)(A) of the Consolidated 
        Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(A)).
            ``(2) Development needs.--The term `development needs' 
        includes--
                    ``(A) constructing, expanding, renovating or 
                otherwise modernizing health care facilities;
                    ``(B) increasing telehealth capabilities;
                    ``(C) acquiring or upgrading health care 
                information systems such as electronic health records;
                    ``(D) providing financial planning assistance and 
                preparing long-term financial plan; and
                    ``(E) such other needs as the Secretary deems 
                critical to maintaining health care services in the 
                community in which an eligible health care facility is 
                located.
            ``(3) Eligible health care facility.--The term `eligible 
        health care facility' means a facility that is located in a 
        rural area and is--
                    ``(A) a hospital (as defined in section 1861(e) of 
                the Social Security Act;
                    ``(B) a psychiatric hospital (as defined in section 
                1861(f) of such Act);
                    ``(C) a long-term care hospital (as defined in 
                section 1861(ccc) of such Act);
                    ``(D) a critical access hospital (as defined in 
                section 1861(mm)(1) of such Act);
                    ``(E) a rural health clinic (as defined in section 
                1861(aa)(2) of such Act);
                    ``(F) a religious nonmedical health care 
                institution (as defined in section 1861(ss)(1) of such 
                Act);
                    ``(G) a sole community hospital (as defined in 
                section 1886(d)(5)(C)(iii) of such Act);
                    ``(H) a rural emergency hospital (as defined in 
                section 1861(kkk)(2) of such Act);
                    ``(I) a home health agency (as defined in section 
                1861(o) of such Act); or
                    ``(J) a community health center (as defined in 
                section 330 of the Public Health Service Act).
            ``(4) Health professional shortage area.--The term `health 
        professional shortage area' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 332(a)(1)(A) of the Public Health Service Act.
            ``(5) Medically underserved area.--The term `medically 
        underserved area' has the meaning given the term in section 
        330I(a)(5) of the Public Health Service Act.
            ``(6) Medically underserved population.--The term 
        `medically underserved population' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 330(b)(3) of the Public Health Service Act.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on the completion of a rulemaking carrying out such 
amendments.

SEC. 6418. ELIMINATION OF PROHIBITION ON USE OF LOANS FOR CERTAIN 
              PURPOSES.

    Section 363 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2006e) is hereby repealed.

SEC. 6419. RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE PROGRAMS TECHNICAL 
              ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING.

    Section 368(d)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 2008c(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6420. NATIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP.

    Section 378 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2008m) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``2008 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 6421. GRANTS FOR NOAA WEATHER RADIO TRANSMITTERS.

    Section 379B(d) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 2008p(d)) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and 
inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6422. RURAL MICROENTREPRENEUR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    Section 379E of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2008s) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``$50,000'' and 
        inserting ``$75,000'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``shall not exceed 
        75 percent'' and inserting ``may be up to 100 percent, and a 
        loan under this section for a project may be used to cover not 
        more than 50 percent of any renovation, construction, or 
        related costs of real estate improvements under the project''; 
        and
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6423. HEALTH CARE SERVICES.

    Section 379G(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 2008u(e)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023'' and 
inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6424. STRATEGIC ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 379H(d)(4) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 2008v(d)(4)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6425. RURAL INNOVATION STRONGER ECONOMY GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 379I of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2008w) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (iii)--
                                    (I) by striking subclause (I) and 
                                inserting the following:
                                    ``(I) an institution of higher 
                                education (as defined in section 101, 
                                and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
                                section 102(a)(1), of the Higher 
                                Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001, 
                                1002(a)(1)));'';
                                    (II) by redesignating subclauses 
                                (II) and (III) as subclauses (III) and 
                                (IV), respectively, and inserting after 
                                subclause (I) the following:
                                    ``(II) an area career and technical 
                                education school (as defined in section 
                                3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and 
                                Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 
                                U.S.C. 2302);''; and
                                    (III) in subclause (IV) (as so 
                                redesignated by subclause (II) of this 
                                clause), by striking ``and'';
                            (ii) in clause (iv)--
                                    (I) by striking subclause (IV) and 
                                inserting the following:
                                    ``(IV) an institution of higher 
                                education (as defined in section 101, 
                                and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
                                section 102(a)(1), of the Higher 
                                Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001, 
                                1002(a)(1)));''; and
                                    (II) by redesignating subclause (V) 
                                as subclause (VI) and inserting after 
                                subclause (IV) the following:
                                    ``(V) an area career and technical 
                                education school (as defined in section 
                                3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and 
                                Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 
                                U.S.C. 2302); or''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) in the case of a career pathway 
                        program, includes 1 or more members of the 
                        local workforce development board established 
                        under section 107 of the Workforce Innovation 
                        and Opportunity Act and serving the region to 
                        ensure the program is integrated with the 
                        activities carried out by the local workforce 
                        development board; and''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Career pathway.--The term `career pathway' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 3(7) of the Workforce 
        Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102(7)).
            ``(7) Industry or sector partnership.--The term `industry 
        or sector partnership' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 
        U.S.C. 3102).'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``or carry out career pathway 
                        training programs or industry or sector 
                        partnerships aligned with industry sectors in 
                        rural communities'' before ``, including'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period and inserting a semicolon; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) address workforce challenges, including 
                worker displacement, faced by specific industry sectors 
                in rural communities; and
                    ``(D) promote targeted skills development and 
                training initiatives to stimulate innovation and 
                enhance economic development in rural regions.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by inserting ``, 
                                career pathway programs, or industry or 
                                sector partnerships'' before the 
                                semicolon; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii)--
                                            (aa) by inserting ``, 
                                        career pathway programs, or 
                                        industry or sector 
                                        partnerships'' before ``to 
                                        provide''; and
                                            (bb) by inserting 
                                        ``leadership development,'' 
                                        before ``customized training'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the 
                        period and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) the ability of the eligible entity to carry 
                out activities to address the issues of worker 
                displacement, an aging workforce, and youth 
                migration.''; and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(5) Geographic distribution.--The Secretary shall ensure 
        regional diversity of recipients of grants or participants in 
        providing grants under paragraph (1) for jobs accelerators, 
        career pathway programs, and related programming.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)(xi), by striking the period 
                and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) to support career pathway programs or 
                industry or sector partnerships to be carried out 
                within industries in rural communities, including--
                            ``(i) telecommunications or broadband 
                        services;
                            ``(ii) water, waste water, or disposal 
                        services;
                            ``(iii) electric supply services;
                            ``(iv) forestry and logging operations;
                            ``(v) conservation practices and 
                        management;
                            ``(vi) health care and child care;
                            ``(vii) manufacturing;
                            ``(viii) agribusiness related to 
                        production, processing, and distribution;
                            ``(ix) veterinarian services; and
                            ``(x) any other sectors identified by the 
                        local workforce development board serving the 
                        region to be an in-demand industry sector or 
                        occupation, as defined in section 3 of the 
                        Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act.'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B)--
                            (i) in clause (xvii), by striking ``or'';
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (xviii) as 
                        clause (xix) and inserting after clause (xvii) 
                        the following:
                            ``(xviii) the number of individuals who 
                        have completed skills development, recognized 
                        postsecondary credentials, or gained 
                        specialized education through career pathways 
                        programs or industry or sector partnerships; 
                        or''; and
                            (iii) in clause (xix) (as so redesignated 
                        by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph), by 
                        striking the period and inserting ``; and''; 
                        and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) in the case of a career pathway program or industry 
        or sector partnership, report to the Secretary the employment 
        and earnings outcomes for individuals who participate in the 
        program on the indicators described in subclauses (I) through 
        (III) of section 116(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Workforce Innovation 
        and Opportunity Act.''; and
            (5) in subsection (f), by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6426. DELTA REGIONAL AUTHORITY.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 382M(a) of the 
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2009aa-12(a)) is 
amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 
2029''.
    (b) Termination of Authority.--Section 382N of such Act (7 U.S.C. 
2009aa-13) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
    (c) Clarification of Delta Regional Authority Areas.--Section 
4(2)(D) of the Delta Development Act (42 U.S.C. 3121 note; Public Law 
100-460) is amended by inserting ``Sabine, Vernon,'' after 
``Webster,''.

SEC. 6427. LIMITATION ON RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT COMPANIES CONTROLLED 
              BY FARM CREDIT SYSTEM INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 384J(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act 
(7 U.S.C. 2009cc-9(c)) is amended by striking ``50'' and inserting 
``75''.

SEC. 6428. RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 384S of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 
U.S.C. 2009cc-18) is amended by striking ``2014 through 2023'' and 
inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6429. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    Each of the following provisions of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act are amended by striking ``urbanized'' and inserting 
``urban'':
            (1) Section 343(a)(13)(A)(ii) (7 U.S.C. 
        1991(a)(13)(A)(ii)).
            (2) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(I) (7 U.S.C. 
        1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)), in the matter preceding item (aa).
            (3) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)(bb) (7 U.S.C. 
        1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(I)(bb)).
            (4) Section 343(a)(13)(D)(i)(II) (7 U.S.C. 
        1991(a)(13)(D)(i)(II)).
            (5) Section 343(a)(13)(E) (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)(13)(E)).
            (6) Section 343(a)(13)(F)(i)(II) (7 U.S.C. 
        1991(a)(13)(F)(i)(II)).
            (7) Section 384I(c)(4)(C) (7 U.S.C. 2009cc-8(c)(4)(C)).

SEC. 6430. RURAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TRAINING 
              PROGRAMS.

    Section 306(a)(14) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 926(a)(14)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) by striking ``technical assistance and training 
                to--'' and inserting ``for--'';
                    (B) in clause (v), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by redesignating clauses (i) through (v) as 
                subclauses (I) through (V), respectively, and moving 
                each such provision 2 ems to the right; and
                    (D) by inserting before the matter so redesignated 
                the following:
                            ``(i) technical assistance and training 
                        to--''; and
                    (E) by adding after and below the end the 
                following:
                            ``(ii) disaster and recovery assistance.''; 
                        and
            (2) in subparagraph (B),by inserting ``or disaster and 
        recovery assistance'' before ``described''.

 Subtitle E--Additional Amendments to the Rural Electrification Act of 
                                  1936

SEC. 6501. GUARANTEES FOR BONDS AND NOTES ISSUED FOR UTILITY 
              INFRASTRUCTURE PURPOSES.

    Section 313A(f) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
940c-1(f)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 6502. EXTENSION OF THE RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LOAN AND GRANT 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 313B of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
940c-2) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Repayments.--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of zero interest loans, the 
        Secretary shall establish such reasonable repayment terms as 
        will encourage borrower participation.
            ``(2) Letters of credit.--The Secretary shall not require a 
        letter of credit or other similar guarantee from a recipient of 
        a zero-interest loan under this section if the borrower assigns 
        the Secretary a security interest in any collateral provided to 
        secure a loan made with funds loaned under this section, or 
        makes other similar arrangements to the satisfaction of the 
        Secretary.''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 6503. EXPANSION OF 911 ACCESS.

    Section 315(d) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 
940e(d)) is amended by striking ``2008 through 2023'' and inserting 
``2025 through 2029''.

          TITLE VII--RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND RELATED MATTERS

  Subtitle A--National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
                           Policy Act of 1977

SEC. 7101. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, EDUCATION, AND 
              ECONOMICS ADVISORY BOARD.

    Section 1408 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``15'' and 
                inserting ``16'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(E) 1 member representing the industry, consumer, 
                or rural interests of insular areas.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (5), by striking ``7'' and 
                inserting ``3''; and
            (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 7102. SPECIALTY CROP COMMITTEE.

    Section 1408A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later 
                than'' and all that follows through ``initial members 
                of'' and inserting ``The Secretary shall continue to 
                implement, and appoint the members of''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by adding a period 
                        at the end; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``executive 
        committee'' and inserting ``Secretary''.

SEC. 7103. VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT.

    Section 1415A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151a) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Determination of Veterinarian Shortage Situations.--In 
determining `veterinarian shortage situations', the Secretary--
            ``(1) may consider--
                    ``(A) geographical areas that the Secretary 
                determines have a shortage of veterinarians;
                    ``(B) areas of veterinary practice that the 
                Secretary determines have a shortage of veterinarians, 
                such as food animal medicine, public health, 
                epidemiology, and food safety; and
                    ``(C) areas described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) 
                identified by appropriate State agencies; and
            ``(2) shall--
                    ``(A) develop quantitative mechanisms for 
                predicting the emergence of new veterinarian shortage 
                situations in the short-term and long-term; and
                    ``(B) make available to State agencies described in 
                paragraph (1)(C) the quantitative mechanisms developed 
                under subparagraph (A).''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) Eligibility.--The Secretary shall not make a 
        veterinarian ineligible for the program under this section 
        based on a veterinarian's participation in a comparable 
        Federal, State, or local program.
            ``(10) Application process.--Not later than 1 year after 
        the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National 
        Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall establish streamlined 
        application procedures and guidelines for entering into 
        agreements with veterinarians under this section.''.

SEC. 7104. VETERINARY SERVICES GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 1415B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3151b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by striking ``, as 
                defined in'' and all that follows through ``1991(a))''; 
                and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Rural area.--The term ``rural area'' has the meaning 
        given such term in section 343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and 
        Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a)).'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(2)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as 
                subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
                    ``(B) expand, retain, or attract additional 
                veterinary practices in rural areas;'';
            (3) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Application process.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act 
        of 2024 the Secretary shall establish a streamlined application 
        process.''; and
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``To 
                Relieve Veterinarian Shortage Situations and Support 
                Veterinary Services''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``situations and support'' and 
                        inserting ``situations, to expand, retain, or 
                        attract additional veterinary practices in 
                        rural areas, and to support''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) To cover expenses associated with starting a 
                new veterinary practice or attracting new veterinarians 
                to existing practices, including--
                            ``(i) relocation expenses;
                            ``(ii) the purchase of necessary startup 
                        equipment; and
                            ``(iii) housing or living stipends for 
                        veterinary students, veterinary interns, 
                        externs, fellows, and residents, and veterinary 
                        technician students.''.

SEC. 7105. GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SCIENCES 
              EDUCATION.

    Section 1417(m)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152(m)(2)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7106. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD POLICY RESEARCH CENTERS.

    Section 1419A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3155(e)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7107. EDUCATION GRANTS TO ALASKA NATIVE SERVING INSTITUTIONS AND 
              NATIVE HAWAIIAN SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1419B of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3156) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the 
                following: ``The term of such grants may be for a 
                period of more than 1 year, but not more than 5 
                years.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the 
                following: ``The term of such grants may be for a 
                period of more than 1 year, but not more than 5 
                years.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7108. NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAM.

    Section 1425(g) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3175(g)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7109. CONTINUING ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE RESEARCH PROGRAMS.

    Section 1433 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3195) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Carryover.--The balance of any annual funds provided 
        to an eligible institution for a fiscal year under this 
        subsection that remains unexpended at the end of that fiscal 
        year may be carried over for use during the following fiscal 
        year.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7110. EXTENSION AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AT 1890 LAND-GRANT 
              COLLEGES, INCLUDING TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY.

    (a) Extension.--Section 1444(a)(2) of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
3221(a)(2)) is amended by striking ``20 percent'' and inserting ``40 
percent''.
    (b) Research.--Section 1445 of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``30 percent'' and 
        inserting ``40 percent'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``the research 
        director'' each place it appears and inserting ``the 
        agricultural research director''; and
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking ``a research director'' and 
                inserting ``an agricultural research director''; and
                    (B) by striking ``or other officer''.

SEC. 7111. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTS AT 1890 INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1446(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222a(b)) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry 
        out this section--
                    ``(A) $40,000,000, not later than October 1, 2019, 
                to remain available until expended;
                    ``(B) $10,000,000, not later than November 17, 
                2023, to remain available until expended; and
                    ``(C) $100,000,000, not later than October 1, 2024, 
                to remain available until expended.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 7112. GRANTS TO UPGRADE AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCES FACILITIES 
              AT 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES, INCLUDING TUSKEGEE 
              UNIVERSITY.

    Section 1447(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b(b)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7113. GRANTS TO UPGRADE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SCIENCES FACILITIES 
              AND EQUIPMENT AND SUPPORT TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL 
              AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AT INSULAR AREA LAND-GRANT COLLEGES 
              AND UNIVERSITIES.

    Section 1447B(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b-2(d)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7114. MATCHING FUNDS REQUIREMENT FOR RESEARCH AND EXTENSION 
              ACTIVITIES AT ELIGIBLE INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1449 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``Not later than September 30, 
                1999'' and inserting ``Beginning on September 30, 2025, 
                and not later than September 30 of each fiscal year 
                thereafter''; and
                    (B) by striking ``fiscal year 1999'' and inserting 
                ``the fiscal year ending on that September 30''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
    ``(c) State Matching Funds Requirement.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of this subtitle, for each fiscal year, a State shall provide 
to each eligible institution located in the State matching funds from 
non-Federal sources in an amount equal to the amounts provided to the 
eligible institution under sections 1444 and 1445 for the purposes 
described in subsection (b)(1).''.

SEC. 7115. NEW BEGINNING FOR TRIBAL STUDENTS.

    Section 1450 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222e) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (5); and
            (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 7116. EDUCATION GRANTS PROGRAMS FOR HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1455(c) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3241(c)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7117. BINATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 1458(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3291(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``entered into'' and 
        inserting ``, as entered into in 1977,'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``United States and 
        Israel'' and inserting ``United States, Israel, or other 
        signatories of the Abraham Accords Declaration''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) BARD fund accelerator.--The BARD Fund shall establish 
        an accelerator program that supports mid-stage research, as 
        determined by the technology readiness level, in priority areas 
        established by the BARD Fund that--
                    ``(A) fast-tracks cooperative research between 
                scientists participating in activities described in 
                paragraph (2);
                    ``(B) accelerates the successful development of 
                agricultural research through resources and services 
                developed or orchestrated by the BARD Fund;
                    ``(C) provides management guidance, technical 
                assistance, and consulting to scientists participating 
                in activities described in paragraph (2); or
                    ``(D) advances cooperative agricultural research 
                projects of mutual interest to the United States, 
                Israel, or other signatories of the Abraham Accords 
                Declaration.''.

SEC. 7118. GRANTS AND PARTNERSHIPS FOR INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL 
              RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 1458A of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292) is 
amended--
            (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows 
        ``grants and partnerships for international agricultural 
        research, extension, and education'';
            (2) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Developing country.--The term `developing country' 
        means a country that meets such criteria as determined by the 
        Secretary, established using a gross national income per capita 
        test selected by the Secretary.
            ``(2) Eligible institution.--The term `eligible 
        institution' means--
                    ``(A) a land-grant colleges or university;
                    ``(B) a non-land-grant college of agriculture;
                    ``(C) a Hispanic-serving agricultural college or 
                university; and
                    ``(D) a cooperating forestry school.
            ``(3) International partner institution.--The term 
        `international partner institution' means a higher education 
        institution in a developing country that is performing, or 
        desiring to perform, activities similar to agricultural 
        research, extension, and education activities carried out 
        through eligible institutions in the United States.
    ``(b) Grants and Partnerships.--
            ``(1) Grants.--The Secretary may make competitive grants to 
        eligible institutions in order to strengthen United States 
        economic competitiveness and to promote international market 
        development through--
                    ``(A) enhancing the international content of the 
                curricula in colleges and universities so as to ensure 
                that United States students acquire an understanding of 
                the international dimensions and trade implications of 
                their studies;
                    ``(B) ensuring that United States scientists, 
                extension agents, and educators involved in 
                agricultural research and development activities 
                outside of the United States have the opportunity to 
                convey the implications of their activities and 
                findings to their peers and students in the United 
                States and to the users of agricultural research, 
                extension, and teaching;
                    ``(C) enhancing the capabilities of colleges and 
                universities to do collaborative research with other 
                countries, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, 
                on issues relevant to United States agricultural 
                competitiveness;
                    ``(D) enhancing the capabilities of colleges and 
                universities to provide cooperative extension education 
                to promote the application of new technology developed 
                in foreign countries to United States agriculture; and
                    ``(E) enhancing the capability of United States 
                colleges and universities, in cooperation with other 
                Federal agencies, to provide leadership and educational 
                programs that will assist United States natural 
                resources and food production, processing, and 
                distribution businesses and industries to compete 
                internationally, including through the use of product 
                market identification, international policies limiting 
                or enhancing market production, the development of new 
                or enhancement of existing markets, and production 
                efficiencies.
            ``(2) Partnerships.--The Secretary may promote cooperation 
        and coordination between eligible institutions and 
        international partner institutions through--
                    ``(A) improving extension by--
                            ``(i) encouraging the exchange of research 
                        materials and results between eligible 
                        institutions and international partner 
                        institutions;
                            ``(ii) facilitating the broad dissemination 
                        of agricultural research through extension;
                            ``(iii) assisting with efforts to plan and 
                        initiate extension services in developing 
                        countries; and
                            ``(iv) developing self-sustaining regional 
                        agricultural markets and promoting the 
                        application of new agricultural technologies 
                        and techniques;
                    ``(B) improving agricultural research by--
                            ``(i) in partnership with international 
                        partner institutions, encouraging research that 
                        addresses problems affecting food production 
                        and security, human nutrition, agriculture, 
                        forestry, livestock, and fisheries, including 
                        local challenges; and
                            ``(ii) supporting and strengthening 
                        national agricultural research systems in 
                        developing countries;
                    ``(C) supporting the participation of eligible 
                institutions in programs of international 
                organizations, such as the United Nations, the World 
                Bank, regional development banks, and international 
                agricultural research centers;
                    ``(D) improving agricultural teaching and education 
                by--
                            ``(i) in partnership with international 
                        partner institutions, supporting education and 
                        teaching relating to food and agricultural 
                        sciences, including technical assistance, 
                        degree training, research collaborations, 
                        classroom instruction, workforce training, and 
                        education programs; and
                            ``(ii) assisting with efforts to increase 
                        student capacity, including to encourage 
                        equitable access for women and other 
                        underserved populations, at international 
                        partner institutions by promoting partnerships 
                        with, and improving the capacity of, eligible 
                        institutions;
                    ``(E) assisting eligible institutions in 
                strengthening their capacity for food, agricultural, 
                and related research, extension, and teaching programs 
                relevant to agricultural development activities in 
                developing countries to promote the application of new 
                technology to improve education delivery;
                    ``(F) providing support for the 
                internationalization of resident instruction programs 
                of eligible institutions;
                    ``(G) establishing a program, to be coordinated by 
                the Director of the National Institute of Food and 
                Agriculture and the Administrator of the Foreign 
                Agricultural Service, to place interns from eligible 
                institutions in, or in service to benefit, developing 
                countries; and
                    ``(H) establishing a program to provide fellowships 
                to students at eligible institutions to study at 
                foreign agricultural colleges and universities.'';
            (3) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``covered Institutions'' and inserting 
        ``eligible institutions''; and
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1459A of the National 
Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 
U.S.C. 3292b) is repealed.

SEC. 7119. RESEARCH EQUIPMENT GRANTS.

    Section 1462A(e) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3310a(e)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7120. UNIVERSITY RESEARCH.

    Section 1463 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3311) is amended by striking 
``2023'' each place it appears in subsections (a) and (b) and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 7121. EXTENSION SERVICE.

    Section 1464 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3312) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7122. SUPPLEMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE CROPS.

    Section 1473D of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as 
                subparagraph (G); and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the 
                following:
            ``(F) to examine potential benefits and opportunities for 
        supplemental and alternative crops (including winter-planted 
        rapeseed and winter-planted canola crops); and''; and
            (3) in subsection (e)(3), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7123. GRANTS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGE AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL 
              RESOURCES PROGRAMS.

     Section 1473E of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319e) is amended--
            (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows: 
        ``grants for community college agriculture and natural 
        resources programs'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e);
            (3) by striking subsections (a) through (c) and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means--
                    ``(A) a junior or community college (as defined in 
                section 312 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 1058)) supporting agriculture advancement;
                    ``(B) a consortium or alliance of 2-year public 
                colleges supporting agriculture advancement; or
                    ``(C) an area career and technical education school 
                (as defined in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career 
                and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302)) 
                that offers a program of study in agriculture.
            ``(2) Work-based learning.--The term `work-based learning' 
        has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Carl D. 
        Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 
        2302).
    ``(b) Competitive Grants.--The Secretary shall make competitive 
grants to eligible entities to conduct workforce training, education, 
research, and outreach activities relating to food and agricultural 
sciences.
    ``(c) Priority.--In making grants under subsection (b), the 
Secretary shall give priority to an eligible entity coordinating with a 
local agriculture industry operator to provide work-based learning, 
experiential training, and other opportunities for students.
    ``(d) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under 
subsection (b) may use the funds made available through the grant--
            ``(1) to offer educational programming on agricultural 
        industry jobs, including farm business management-related 
        subjects, such as accounting, paralegal studies, and finance;
            ``(2) to develop apprenticeships and other work-based 
        learning opportunities; and
            ``(3) other services that would increase workforce 
        training, education, research, and outreach activities relating 
        to food and agricultural sciences, as determined by the 
        Secretary.''; and
            (4) in subsection (e), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7124. CAPACITY BUILDING GRANTS FOR NLGCA INSTITUTIONS.

    Section 1473F(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319i(b)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7125. AGRICULTURE ADVANCED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

    Section 1473H of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319k) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, including precision 
                        agriculture,'' after ``equipment''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``relating to the research 
                        and development of qualified products and 
                        projects'';
                    (B) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``person'' and inserting ``eligible entity'';
                            (ii) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``person'' and inserting 
                        ``eligible entity'';
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (E); and
                            (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) 
                        through (H) as subparagraphs (E) through (G), 
                        respectively;
                    (C) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking 
                        the period at the end and inserting ``; or''; 
                        and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) any other product or project, as determined 
                by the Secretary.''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (7), by striking ``that is 
                developed to assist in the discovery, development, or 
                manufacture of a qualified product or project'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by amending subparagraph (B) 
                to read as follows:
                    ``(B) to overcome the long-term and high-risk 
                technological barriers in the development of 
                agricultural technologies, research tools, and 
                qualified products and projects that enhance export 
                competitiveness, environmental sustainability, water 
                conservation, and resilience to extreme weather, 
                drought, infectious diseases, plant and animal 
                pathogens, and plant and animal pests;'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``persons'' and inserting ``eligible 
                        entities''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (G), by striking 
                        ``persons'' and inserting ``eligible 
                        entities''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (7)(A)--
                            (i) by striking ``a person'' and inserting 
                        ``an eligible entity''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``person'' and inserting 
                        ``eligible entity'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``persons'' and 
                inserting ``eligible entities''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Use of strategic plan.--The Secretary shall use the 
        strategic plan developed under paragraph (1) to inform the 
        administration of AGARDA under this section.'';
            (4) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5 years'' and 
                inserting ``11 years''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``5-year'' and 
                inserting ``11-year''.

SEC. 7126. AQUACULTURE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

    Section 1477(a)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3324(a)(2)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and insert ``2029''.

SEC. 7127. SPECIAL AUTHORIZATION FOR BIOSECURITY PLANNING AND RESPONSE.

    Section 1484(a)(3) of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3351(a)(3)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7128. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROTECTION GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 1485 of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3352) is 
amended--
            (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows: 
        ``agriculture and food protection grant program'';
            (2) by striking subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and 
        (f) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a competitive 
grant program under which the Secretary will award grants to eligible 
entities to support research, extension, and education activities that 
improve the capability of the United States to protect the food and 
agricultural system from any chemical, biological, cybersecurity, or 
bioterrorism attack.
    ``(b) Use of Funds.--Grants made under this section shall be used 
to--
            ``(1) encourage basic and applied research and development 
        of agricultural countermeasures;
            ``(2) promote the development and expansion of teaching 
        programs in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and other 
        disciplines closely allied to the food and agriculture system 
        to increase the number of trained individuals with an expertise 
        in agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity;
            ``(3) expand or upgrade facilities to meet biosafety and 
        biosecurity requirements necessary to protect facility staff, 
        members of the public, and the food supply while carrying out 
        agricultural biosecurity research;
            ``(4) costs associated with the acquisition of equipment 
        and other capital costs related to expansion of food, 
        agriculture, and veterinary medicine teaching programs in 
        agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity; or
            ``(5) otherwise improve the capacity of the United States 
        to respond in a timely manner to emerging or existing threats.
    ``(c) Eligible Entities.--Entities eligible to receive a grant 
under this section include--
            ``(1) State agricultural experiment stations;
            ``(2) State departments of agriculture;
            ``(3) colleges and universities;
            ``(4) university research foundations;
            ``(5) other research institutions and organizations;
            ``(6) Federal agencies;
            ``(7) national laboratories; or
            ``(8) any group consisting of 2 or more of the entities 
        described in paragraphs (1) through (7).'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (d); and
            (4) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``for each fiscal year.'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal 
        years 2025 through 2029.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 14112 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act 
        of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8912) is repealed.
            (2) Section 14113 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act 
        of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8913) is repealed.
            (3) Section 14121 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act 
        of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8921) is repealed.
            (4) Section 14122 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act 
        of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8922) is repealed.

SEC. 7129. DISTANCE EDUCATION GRANTS FOR INSULAR AREAS.

    Section 1490(f)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3362(f)(2)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7130. RESIDENT INSTRUCTION GRANTS FOR INSULAR AREAS.

    Section 1491(c)(2) of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3363(c)(2)) is 
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7131. REPEALS.

    (a) Section 1410 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 ((7 U.S.C. 3125) is repealed.
    (b) Section 1419C of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3158) is repealed.
    (c) Section 1447A of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b-1) is repealed.
    (d) Subtitle M of title XIV of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3331 et seq.) is 
repealed.

   Subtitle B--Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

SEC. 7201. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.

    Subtitle B of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.) is amended by striking 
``2023'' each place it appears in sections 1624 (7 U.S.C. 5814), 
1627(d) (7 U.S.C. 5821(d)), 1628(f)(2) (7 U.S.C. 1631(f)(2)), and 
1629(i) (7 U.S.C. 5832(i)), and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7202. NATIONAL GENETICS RESOURCES PROGRAM.

    Section 1635(b)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5844(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' 
and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7203. AGRICULTURAL GENOME TO PHENOME INITIATIVE.

    Section 1671(g) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924(g)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7204. HIGH-PRIORITY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVES.

    Section 1672 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (5), (6), (9), (10), 
                (11), (13), and (18);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (7), (8), (12), 
                (14), (15), (16), (17), (19), and (20) as paragraphs 
                (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), and (13);
                    (C) in paragraph (11), as so redesignated, by 
                inserting ``and harmful algal blooms'' after ``macro-
                algae systems''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(14) Fertilizer and nutrient management initiative.--
        Research and extension grants may be made under this section 
        for the purposes of carrying out research to improve fertilizer 
        use efficiency in crops and examining nutrient management based 
        on the source, rate, timing, and placement of crop nutrients.
            ``(15) Tropical plant health initiative.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of--
                    ``(A) developing and disseminating science-based 
                tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious 
                weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the 
                Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact 
                tropical plants, including--
                            ``(i) coffee plants;
                            ``(ii) macadamia trees;
                            ``(iii) cacao trees;
                            ``(iv) plantains and bananas;
                            ``(v) mangos;
                            ``(vi) tropical floriculture and nursery 
                        crops; and
                            ``(vii) any other tropical plant as 
                        determined by the Secretary;
                    ``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest 
                management program in areas affected by, or areas at 
                risk of being affected by, plant pests or noxious 
                weeds;
                    ``(C) surveying and collecting data on tropical 
                plant production and health;
                    ``(D) investigating tropical plant biology, 
                immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
                    ``(E) conducting research on various factors that 
                may contribute to, or be associated with, tropical 
                plant immune systems and other serious threats to 
                tropical plants.
            ``(16) Biochar research.--Research and extension grants may 
        be made under this section for the purpose of testing the full 
        range of biochar types across soil types, soil health and soil 
        management conditions, application methods, and climatic and 
        agronomic regions, including through the establishment of a 
        national biochar research network, to--
                    ``(A) assess the soil carbon sequestration 
                potential of various biochars and management systems 
                integrating biochar use;
                    ``(B) understand how to use biochar productively to 
                contribute to climate mitigation, crop production, 
                resilience to extreme weather events, ecosystem and 
                soil health, natural resource conservation, and farm 
                profitability; and
                    ``(C) deliver science-based, region-specific, cost-
                effective, and practical information to farmers, 
                ranchers, foresters, land reclamation managers, urban 
                land managers, and other land and natural resource 
                managers and businesses on sustainable biochar 
                production and application.
            ``(17) Wildfire smoke exposure research.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of studying the impact of wildfire smoke exposure on 
        specialty crops, including wine grapes, hops, stone fruit, and 
        apples, by--
                    ``(A) conducting research--
                            ``(i) to identify the compounds responsible 
                        for smoke exposure; and
                            ``(ii) to establish standard methodologies 
                        for sampling and testing smoke-exposed 
                        specialty crops and smoke-affected products, 
                        including fast and inexpensive screening 
                        methods;
                    ``(B) establishing a reliable database of 
                background levels of smoke exposure compounds that 
                occur naturally in specialty crops;
                    ``(C) developing risk assessment tools or 
                mitigation methods to reduce or eliminate smoke 
                exposure; and
                    ``(D) studying compounds that can act as a barrier 
                between specialty crops and smoke compounds.
            ``(18) Invasive species research.--Research and extension 
        grants may be made under this section for the purposes of 
        developing and disseminating science-based tools and treatments 
        to manage or eradicate (including through methods of biocontrol 
        and sterile insect techniques) invasive species of plants and 
        animals, such as the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula), 
        navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella), and spotted wing 
        drosophila (Drosophila suzukii).
            ``(19) Microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl 
        substances on farmland.--Research and extension grants may be 
        made under this section for the purposes of carrying out or 
        enhancing research on the agricultural impacts of microplastics 
        and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, including structural 
        firefighting foam, in land-applied biosolids or compost on 
        farmland, including by--
                    ``(A) conducting surveys and collecting data on 
                concentration, particle size, and chemical composition 
                of such substances in land-applied biosolids on 
                farmland;
                    ``(B) the development or analysis of techniques, 
                including wastewater treatment and composting, to 
                filter out or biodegrade such substances from biosolids 
                intended to be used for agricultural purposes;
                    ``(C) conducting an analysis of the impact on 
                agricultural crops and soil health of such substances 
                in land-applied biosolids on farmland, including the 
                uptake of such substances by various crops or 
                livestock;
                    ``(D) conducting research to better understand how 
                wastewater processing impacts such substances;
                    ``(E) conducting research to better understand the 
                fate, residence time, and transport of such substances 
                on farmland; and
                    ``(F) conducting research on how to remediate soil 
                and water systems contaminated with such substances.
            ``(20) Agricultural byproducts research.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of converting agricultural byproducts or forest 
        residuals into valuable materials and products, including 
        innovations in production processes for easily deployable 
        refining facilities, developing alternatives to agricultural 
        burning, and fostering energy production through recycling 
        animal byproducts, wet waste, and plant-based waste.
            ``(21) Soil health research.--Research and extension grants 
        may be made under this section for the purposes of--
                    ``(A) developing management practices that improve 
                soil health, including establishing tools that aid soil 
                preservation or improve composition of soil organic 
                compounds that are beneficial to soil quality and the 
                environment; and
                    ``(B) disseminating such practices through methods 
                such as innovative coursework and work-based learning.
            ``(22) White oak research.--Research and extension grants 
        may be made under this section for the purposes of white oak 
        research, including conducting research on--
                    ``(A) white oak genes with resistance and stress 
                tolerance;
                    ``(B) white oak trees that exhibit vigor for the 
                purpose of increasing survival and growth;
                    ``(C) establishing a diverse white oak seed bank 
                capable of responding to stressors;
                    ``(D) providing a sustainable supply of white oak 
                seedlings and genetic resources;
                    ``(E) reforestation of white oak through natural 
                and artificial regeneration; and
                    ``(F) the best methods for reforesting abandoned 
                mine land sites.
            ``(23) Alternative growing media research.--Research and 
        extension grants may be made under this section for the 
        purposes of developing and enhancing research on the 
        characterization, utilization, and evaluation of alternative 
        growing media, including science-based techniques that maximize 
        functions in the growth of plants and harvest yields.
            ``(24) Rangeland research.--Research and extension grants 
        may be made under this section for the purposes of carrying out 
        or enhancing research on the development of forage production 
        and improved grazing and range management, including the 
        adoption of virtual fencing technology that simultaneously 
        enhance wildlife habitat, protect watersheds, and reduce 
        hazards of erosion and flooding.
            ``(25) Specialty crop mechanization and automation 
        research.--Research and extension grants may be made under this 
        section for the purpose of developing and evaluating 
        mechanization and automation technologies for specialty 
        crops.'';
            (2) in subsection (e)(5), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029'';
            (3) in subsection (f)(5), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029'';
            (4) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
            (5) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i);
            (6) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:
    ``(h) Report.--Not later than February 1, 2026, and not less 
frequently than once every other year thereafter, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
a report describing how the Department carried out research and 
extension activities specified in subsections (d) through (f) for the 
previous two fiscal years, including the amount of funding allocated to 
each high-priority research and extension initiative, through--
            ``(1) amounts made available under appropriations Acts to 
        the Agricultural Research Service;
            ``(2) amounts made available to the National Institute of 
        Food and Agriculture under capacity and infrastructure programs 
        (as defined in section 251 of the Department of Agriculture 
        Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971));
            ``(3) amounts made available to the National Institute of 
        Food and Agriculture under competitive programs (as defined in 
        such section); and
            ``(4) amounts made available through other agencies within 
        the Department.''; and
            (7) in subsection (i) (as redesignated by paragraph (4)), 
        by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7205. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.

    Section 1672B of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (2) by striking subsection (e);
            (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (e); and
            (4) in subsection (e), as so redesignated--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (3).

SEC. 7206. FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.

    Section 1672D(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925f(d)(2)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7207. URBAN, INDOOR, AND OTHER EMERGING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 
              RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE.

    Section 1672E of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925g)--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``the Urban Agriculture and 
                        Innovative Production Advisory Committee 
                        established under section 222(b) of the 
                        Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
                        1994'' and inserting ``the Urban Agriculture 
                        and Innovative Production Advisory Committee 
                        and the Office of Urban Agriculture and 
                        Innovative Production established under section 
                        222 of the Department of Agriculture 
                        Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923)''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``emerging agricultural 
                        production'' and inserting ``emerging 
                        agricultural production practices (as described 
                        in subsection (a)(3) of such section)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``emerging 
                agricultural production'' and inserting ``emerging 
                agricultural production practices'';
                    (C) in paragraph (7), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (D) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) managing waste streams to improve the environmental 
        footprint; or
            ``(10) advising land-grant colleges and universities (as 
        defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, 
        Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)), 
        minority-serving institutions (as described in section 371(a) 
        of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a))), 
        junior or community colleges (as defined in section 312(f) of 
        such Act (20 U.S.C. 1058(f))), and vocational schools, with 
        respect to career and technical education.''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(2), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7208. CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE.

    Section 1673 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5926) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (a), (b), and (c) and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(a) Centers of Excellence.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall 
        establish at least one center of excellence for the purpose of 
        carrying out research, extension, and education activities for 
        each of the areas of focus described in paragraph (3).
            ``(2) Host institutions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Institutions eligible to host or 
                co-host a center of excellence established under this 
                subsection include--
                            ``(i) 1862 Institutions, as defined in 
                        section 2 of the Agricultural Research, 
                        Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 
                        U.S.C. 7601);
                            ``(ii) 1890 Institutions, as defined in 
                        section 2 of the Agricultural Research, 
                        Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 
                        U.S.C. 7601);
                            ``(iii) 1994 Institutions, as defined in 
                        section 532 of the Equity in Educational Land-
                        Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note);
                            ``(iv) non-land-grant colleges of 
                        agriculture, as defined in section 1404 of the 
                        National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
                        Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103);
                            ``(v) Hispanic-serving agricultural 
                        colleges or universities, as defined in section 
                        1404 of the National Agricultural Research, 
                        Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 
                        U.S.C. 3103); and
                            ``(vi) accredited schools of veterinary 
                        medicine.
                    ``(B) Distribution.--To the maximum extent 
                practicable, the Secretary shall ensure the geographic 
                diversity of institutions selected to host or co-host a 
                center of excellence established under this subsection.
                    ``(C) Limitation.--An institution may host or co-
                host only one center of excellence under this 
                subsection at a time.
                    ``(D) Duties.--The institution or institutions 
                selected to host or co-host a center of excellence 
                established under this subsection shall partner with 
                the Agricultural Research Service, other Federal 
                agencies, State governments, other institutions of 
                higher education (as defined in section 101 of the 
                Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), 
                agricultural industry groups, or other relevant 
                entities to--
                            ``(i) reduce duplicative efforts and focus 
                        on filling gaps across research, extension, and 
                        education activities by enhancing coordination 
                        and improving cost-effectiveness;
                            ``(ii) leverage available resources by 
                        using public-private partnerships;
                            ``(iii) implement training and educational 
                        initiatives to increase awareness and 
                        effectively disseminate solutions to target 
                        audiences through extension activities;
                            ``(iv) increase the economic returns to 
                        rural communities by identifying, attracting, 
                        and directing funds to high-priority 
                        agricultural issues;
                            ``(v) rapidly respond to emerging issues 
                        that threaten any sector of the United States 
                        agricultural industry;
                            ``(vi) focus on workforce development for 
                        employers to recruit and retain high-quality 
                        employees in rural areas; and
                            ``(vii) engage in assistance for 
                        administrative management and education 
                        regarding potentially valuable intellectual 
                        property derived from federally-supported 
                        research, extension, and education activities.
            ``(3) Areas of focus.--
                    ``(A) Aquaculture.--A center of excellence 
                established under this subsection may engage in 
                research, extension, and education activities focused 
                on developing and applying aquaculture methods, 
                including through the propagation and rearing of 
                economically and ecologically valuable aquatic and 
                marine species.
                    ``(B) Beginning farmers and ranchers.--A center of 
                excellence established under this subsection may engage 
                in research, extension and education activities focused 
                on training beginning farmers and ranchers, including 
                farm and agribusiness management, mentoring and 
                technical assistance, and access to capital.
                    ``(C) Biosecurity and cybersecurity.--A center of 
                excellence established under this subsection may engage 
                in research, extension, and education activities 
                focused on agricultural biosecurity and cybersecurity 
                efforts to defend the United States food supply from 
                any attacks.
                    ``(D) Biosystems and agricultural engineering.--A 
                center of excellence established under this subsection 
                may engage in research, extension, and education 
                activities focused on biosystems and agricultural 
                engineering, including precision agriculture 
                technologies and mechanization and automation 
                technologies for specialty crops.
                    ``(E) Biotechnology.--A center of excellence 
                established under this subsection may engage in 
                research, extension, and education activities focused 
                on development of animal and plant biotechnologies that 
                will increase agricultural productivity.
                    ``(F) Crop production, protection, and 
                resilience.--A center of excellence established under 
                this subsection may engage in research, extension, and 
                education activities focused on crop production and 
                protection, including the development, manufacture, and 
                use of fertilizer, crop protection tools, and adjuvants 
                in increasing productivity and protecting crops from 
                damaging pests and diseases.
                    ``(G) Digital agriculture.--A center of excellence 
                established under this subsection may engage in 
                research, extension, and education activities focused 
                on developing, evaluating, and deploying digital 
                agriculture, including artificial intelligence and 
                remote sensing systems.
                    ``(H) Farm business and financial management.--A 
                center of excellence established under this subsection 
                may engage in research, extension, and education 
                activities focused on farm business and financial 
                management activities, including marketing plans, 
                production diversification, and cash forward 
                contracting.
                    ``(I) Food quality.--A center of excellence 
                established under this subsection may engage in 
                research, extension, and education activities focused 
                on improving food quality, including research on the 
                uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in food, 
                the presence of microplastics in biosolids, and the 
                efficacy and feasibility of reducing levels of 
                inorganic arsenic, lead, cadmium, or mercury in food.
                    ``(J) Foreign animal disease.--A center of 
                excellence established under this subsection may engage 
                in research, extension, and education activities 
                focused on foreign animal diseases, including the 
                ecology and etiology of emerging diseases, control 
                methods, and implementation strategies to enhance 
                preparedness and response efforts to protect the 
                livestock and poultry industry.
                    ``(K) Forestry.--A center of excellence established 
                under this subsection may engage in research, 
                extension, and education activities focused on forest 
                productivity and forest health, including invasive 
                species control, biochar and pyrolysis development and 
                commercialization, reforestation and restoration of 
                damaged landscapes, and new wood-based materials.
                    ``(L) Invasive species.--A center of excellence 
                established under this subsection may engage in 
                research, extension, and education activities focused 
                on the control and eradication of invasive species that 
                pose a persistent and growing threat to United States 
                agricultural production, forest resources, global food 
                security, and rural economies.
                    ``(M) Livestock and poultry.--A center of 
                excellence established under this subsection may engage 
                in research, extension, and education activities 
                focused on issues impacting livestock (including 
                equines) and poultry production in the United States, 
                including economic research to understand policy 
                implications for producers.
                    ``(N) Veterinary medicine.--A center of excellence 
                established under this subsection may engage in 
                research, extension, and education activities focused 
                on developing large animal veterinarians and addressing 
                the veterinarian shortage in rural areas.
                    ``(O) Water quality and quantity.--A center of 
                excellence established under this subsection may engage 
                in research, extension, and education activities 
                focused on water quality and quantity efforts, 
                including drought, water management, natural resource 
                benefits, and the health and resilience of the water 
                supply in the United States.
            ``(4) Terms.--
                    ``(A) Duration.--The term of an award under this 
                subsection shall be for a five-year period, and may be 
                renewed for not more than one additional five-year 
                period.
                    ``(B) Construction prohibited.--Funds made 
                available under this subsection shall not be used for 
                the construction of a new building or facility or the 
                acquisition, expansion, remodeling, or alteration of an 
                existing building or facility (including site grading 
                and improvement, and architect fees).
            ``(5) Annual report.--Not later than one year after the 
        date of enactment of this subsection, and every year 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
        on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report 
        describing--
                    ``(A) the projects initiated by each center of 
                excellence established under this subsection in the 
                preceding year;
                    ``(B) the amount of funding for each such project 
                and the funding source;
                    ``(C) the institutions participating in each such 
                project and their shares of the overall funding for 
                each project;
                    ``(D) the level of cost sharing for each such 
                project;
                    ``(E) any technology transfer and intellectual 
                property management actions taken by each such center 
                of excellence, such as the number of relevant invention 
                disclosures, any provisional patents filed, any non-
                provisional patents filed and issued, the number of 
                licenses executed, and any start-up companies 
                registered; and
                    ``(F) any additional information deemed 
                necessary.'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (b);
            (3) in subsection (b), as so redesignated--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
                        inserting ``In addition to the centers of 
                        excellence established under subsection (a), 
                        the Secretary''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``not less than 3 centers 
                        of excellence'' and inserting ``not less than 8 
                        centers of excellence'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in the subparagraph heading, by 
                                striking ``and workforce development'' 
                                and inserting ``, workforce 
                                development, and rural studies''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``economics, 
                                psychology, rural sociology, data 
                                sciences,'' after ``mathematics,'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (E), by inserting 
                        ``and nature-based solutions to improve the 
                        composition of soil organic compounds, 
                        including carbon, that are beneficial to soil 
                        quality and the environment'' before the period 
                        at the end; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) Forest health and conservation.--A center of 
                excellence established under paragraph (1) may focus on 
                forest health, sustainable forest management, 
                agroforestry, enhancing forest resilience to 
                catastrophic wildfire, supporting rural infrastructure, 
                and urban and community forestry programs to promote 
                healthy forest ecosystems and resilient communities.
                    ``(H) Food safety, bioprocessing, and value-added 
                agriculture.--A center of excellence established under 
                paragraph (1) may focus on food safety, bioprocessing, 
                value-added agriculture enterprise development, and 
                innovative food and agriculture product development.''; 
                and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7209. THINKDIFFERENTLY NATIONAL AGRABILITY PROJECT.

    Section 1680 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5933) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``assistive 
        technology program for farmers with disabilities'' and 
        inserting ``thinkdifferently national agrability project'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) provide education and support to youth and 
                young adults with disabilities interested in farming 
                and farm-related occupations.''; and
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Authorization of Appropriations'' and inserting 
                ``Funding'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
                paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting before paragraph (2), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this 
        section $8,000,000, to remain available until expended.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``In general'' and inserting ``Authorization of 
                        appropriations'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Subject to paragraph 
                        (2)'' and inserting ``Subject to paragraph 
                        (3)''; and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                    (E) by amending paragraph (3), as so redesignated, 
                to read as follows:
                    ``(3) National grant.--Not more than 15 percent of 
                the amounts made available under this subsection shall 
                be used to carry out subsection (b).''.

SEC. 7210. FARMING OPPORTUNITIES TRAINING AND OUTREACH.

    Section 2501 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``Secretary of 
                        Agriculture'' and inserting ``Secretary of 
                        Agriculture, acting through the Director of the 
                        National Institute of Food and Agriculture,''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2029''; and
            (2) by striking ``2023'' each place it appears in 
        subsections (d)(1) and (l)(2) and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7211. NATIONAL RURAL INFORMATION CENTER CLEARINGHOUSE.

    Section 2381(e) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 3125b(e)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7212. REPEAL.

    Subtitle D of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5851 et seq.) is repealed.

Subtitle C--Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act 
                                of 1998

SEC. 7301. NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY TRAINING, EDUCATION, EXTENSION, 
              OUTREACH, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    Section 405 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education 
Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7625) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (d);
            (2) by redesignating subsections (e) through (j) as 
        subsections (d) through (i), respectively; and
            (3) in subsection (i), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7302. INTEGRATED RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION COMPETITIVE 
              GRANTS PROGRAM.

    Section 406(f) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7626(f)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7303. SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH REGARDING DISEASES OF WHEAT, TRITICALE, 
              AND BARLEY CAUSED BY FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM OR BY TILLETIA 
              INDICA.

    Section 408(e)(3) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7628(e)(3)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7304. GRANTS FOR YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS.

    Section 410(d)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7630(d)(2)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7305. SPECIALTY CROP RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    Section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education 
Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``subsection (d) and 
        (j)'' and inserting ``subsections (d), (j), and (k)'';
            (2) in subsection (g)(3), by adding at the end the 
        following:
                    ``(C) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the matching 
                funds requirement under subparagraph (A) with respect 
                to a grant if the Secretary determines that--
                            ``(i) the results of the grant are of a 
                        particular benefit to a specific specialty 
                        crop, but such results are likely to be 
                        applicable to specialty crops or agricultural 
                        commodities, generally; or
                            ``(ii)(I) the grant--
                                    ``(aa) involves a minor commodity; 
                                and
                                    ``(bb) deals with scientifically 
                                important research; and
                            ``(II) the recipient is unable to satisfy 
                        the matching funds requirement.'';
            (3) in subjection (j)(5), by striking ``subsection 
        (k)(1)(C)'' and inserting ``subsection (l)(1)(C)'';
            (4) by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (l);
            (5) by inserting after subsection (j) the following:
    ``(k) Specialty Crop Mechanization and Automation Research and 
Extension Program.--The Secretary shall establish a competitive 
research and extension grant program to award grants to eligible 
entities to increase the competitiveness of specialty crops in the 
United States through the advancement and acceleration of mechanization 
and automation, including projects that--
            ``(1) create or improve cost-effective mechanization and 
        automation technologies to--
                    ``(A) reduce the manual labor requirements of a 
                specialty crop grower; or
                    ``(B) increase the efficiency of--
                            ``(i) crop production;
                            ``(ii) resource management;
                            ``(iii) harvesting;
                            ``(iv) processing;
                            ``(v) post-harvest technologies; or
                            ``(vi) packing;
            ``(2) increase adoption of mechanization and automation 
        technologies by--
                    ``(A) emphasizing adoption drivers, including--
                            ``(i) connectivity;
                            ``(ii) autonomy;
                            ``(iii) reliability;
                            ``(iv) durability;
                            ``(v) in-field validation; or
                            ``(vi) cost-effectiveness; or
                    ``(B) investing in, and developing human capital 
                to, increase the capacity to--
                            ``(i) utilize new technologies; or
                            ``(ii) manage a more tech-focused farm 
                        workforce; or
            ``(3) accelerate automation and mechanization through--
                    ``(A) prototype development;
                    ``(B) in-field trial testing;
                    ``(C) ongoing industry engagement; or
                    ``(D) rapid commercialization.''; and
            (6) in subsection (l), as redesignated by paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``section $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2014'' 
                        and inserting the following: ``section--
                            ``(i) $80,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                        2014 through 2024; and
                            ``(ii) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2025'';
                            (ii) by amending subparagraph (C) to read 
                        as follows:
                    ``(C) Reservation.--
                            ``(i) Emergency citrus disease research and 
                        extension program.--
                                    ``(I) Fiscal years 2014 through 
                                2018.--For each of fiscal years 2014 
                                through 2018, the Secretary shall 
                                reserve not less than $25,000,000 of 
                                the funds made available under 
                                subparagraph (B) to carry out the 
                                program established under subsection 
                                (j).
                                    ``(II) Fiscal years 2025 through 
                                2029.--For each of fiscal years 2025 
                                through 2029, the Secretary shall 
                                reserve not less than $25,000,000 of 
                                the funds made available under 
                                subparagraph (B) to carry out the 
                                program established under subsection 
                                (j).
                            ``(ii) Specialty crop mechanization and 
                        automation research and extension program.--For 
                        each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, the 
                        Secretary shall reserve not less than 
                        $20,000,000 of the funds made available under 
                        subparagraph (B) to carry out the program 
                        established under subsection (k).''; and
                            (iii) by amending subparagraph (D) to read 
                        as follows:
                    ``(D) Reallocation.--Notwithstanding paragraph (4), 
                any funds reserved under subparagraph (C) that remain 
                unobligated at the end of the fiscal year following the 
                fiscal year in which such funds are first made 
                available shall be reallocated to carry out activities 
                of the specialty crop research initiative established 
                under subsection (b).'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``for fiscal years 2014 through 2023''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                        ``2029'';
                    (C) by striking paragraph (3); and
                    (D) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as 
                paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.

SEC. 7306. AGRICULTURE GRANTS FOR VETERAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING 
              SERVICES.

    Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education 
Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7624 et seq.) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:

``SEC. 414. AGRICULTURE GRANTS FOR VETERAN EDUCATION AND TRAINING 
              SERVICES.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program under 
which the Secretary will award competitive grants to eligible entities 
for the purpose of establishing and enhancing farming and ranching 
opportunities for veterans (as defined in section 101(2) of title 38, 
United States Code).
    ``(b) Eligible Entities.--An entity is eligible for a grant under 
this section if such entity is--
            ``(1) a cooperative extension service;
            ``(2) a land-grant college or university (as defined in 
        section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
        and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));
            ``(3) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as defined 
        in such section);
            ``(4) a Hispanic-serving agricultural college and 
        university (as defined in such section);
            ``(5) a State department of agriculture;
            ``(6) a nonprofit organization;
            ``(7) a community-based organization; or
            ``(8) a combination of 2 or more eligible entities 
        described in paragraphs (1) through (7).
    ``(c) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a grant under 
this section shall use the funds received through the grant--
            ``(1) to provide training and classroom education that 
        leads to a comprehensive understanding of farm and ranch 
        business operations and management practices;
            ``(2) to develop or identify curriculum that veteran 
        farmers and ranchers can adopt to help manage their enterprise;
            ``(3) to offer education, workshops, tours, and instructor-
        supervised field experiences; or
            ``(4) to support any other activity, as identified by the 
        Secretary, to increase the number of veterans pursuing 
        knowledge and skills development in agriculture.
    ``(d) Matching Funds.--An entity that receives a grant under this 
section shall provide non-Federal matching funds for the purposes of 
carrying out this section in an amount equal to not less than the 
amount of the grant.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $3,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.''.

SEC. 7307. FOOD ANIMAL RESIDUE AVOIDANCE DATABASE PROGRAM.

    Section 604(e) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7642(e)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7308. OFFICE OF PEST MANAGEMENT POLICY.

    Section 614(f)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7653(f)(2)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7309. FORESTRY PRODUCTS ADVANCED UTILIZATION RESEARCH.

    Section 617(f)(1) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7655b(f)(1)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7310. REPEALS.

    The Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 
1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) by striking section 404 (7 U.S.C. 7624); and
            (2) by striking section 411 (7 U.S.C. 7631).

         Subtitle D--Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

SEC. 7401. GRAZINGLANDS RESEARCH LABORATORY.

    Section 7502 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 
(Public Law 110-246; 122 Stat. 2019) is amended by striking ``, for the 
15-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act''.

SEC. 7402. FARM AND RANCH STRESS ASSISTANCE NETWORK.

    Section 7522 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 5936) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by inserting ``, including 
        crisis hotlines'' after ``websites'';
            (2) in subsection (d), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Referrals to Providers.--As part of the efforts of the 
recipient of a grant under subsection (a) to connect individuals to 
behavioral health counseling and wellness support and to ensure 
individuals have access to a comprehensive scope of mental health and 
substance use treatments and supports, when applicable, the grant 
recipient may establish referral relationships with--
            ``(1) certified community behavioral health clinics 
        described in section 223 of the Protecting Access to Medicare 
        Act of 2014 (42 U.S.C. 1396a note; Public Law 113-93);
            ``(2) health centers (as defined in section 330(a) of the 
        Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254b(a)));
            ``(3) rural health clinics (as defined in section 1861(aa) 
        of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)));
            ``(4) Federally qualified health centers (as defined in 
        that section); and
            ``(5) critical access hospitals (as defined in section 
        1861(mm) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(mm))).''.

SEC. 7403. SUN GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 7526 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 8114) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and 
                bioproduct'' before ``technologies'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``product'' and 
                inserting ``bioproduct''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``product'' and 
                inserting ``bioproduct'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ``4 percent'' and 
        inserting ``30 percent''; and
            (3) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 7404. REPEALS.

    The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8701 et 
seq.) is amended--
            (1) by striking section 7521 (7 U.S.C. 3202); and
            (2) by striking section 7525 (7 U.S.C. 5937).

                  Subtitle E--Amendments to Other Laws

SEC. 7501. EQUITY IN EDUCATIONAL LAND-GRANT STATUS ACT OF 1994.

    The Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 
301 note; Public Law 103-382) is amended--
            (1) in section 533(b), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029'';
            (2) in section 534(a)(1), by striking ``equal to'' and 
        inserting ``not less than'';
            (3) in section 535, by striking ``2023'' each place it 
        appears in subsections (b)(1) and (c) and inserting ``2029'';
            (4) in section 536--
                    (A) by striking subsection (b);
                    (B) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection 
                (b); and
                    (C) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7502. RESEARCH FACILITIES ACT.

    Section 6 of the Research Facilities Act (7 U.S.C. 390d) is 
amended--
            (1) in the section heading by striking ``authorization of 
        appropriations'' and inserting ``funding''; and
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``(a) In General.--Subject to'' and 
                inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry 
        out the competitive grant program under section 4, 
        $2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain available until 
        expended.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--Subject to''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), as so designated, by striking 
                ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7503. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    Subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research 
Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)(iii)--
                            (i) by inserting ``regionally adapted'' 
                        before ``cultivar''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``breeding for 
                        environmental resilience,'' before ``and 
                        participatory breeding'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting ``, 
                including methods of increasing survival rate and 
                adaptability of shellfish'' after ``aquaculture'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                            (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) in clause (v), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(vi) hydroponics, aquaponics, aeroponics, 
                        and other production technologies used in 
                        controlled-environment agriculture 
                        production.''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (F)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by inserting ``, 
                        including supply chain coordination and 
                        capacity building'' after ``overseas markets'';
                            (ii) in clause (vii), by striking ``; and'' 
                        at the end and inserting a semicolon;
                            (iii) in clause (viii), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ix) workforce training and development, 
                        including meat and poultry processing 
                        (including rendering) and precision 
                        agriculture.'';
            (2) in paragraph (7)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (I) 
                as subparagraphs (E) through (J), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                following:
                    ``(D) area career and technical education 
                schools;''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (J), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``(H)'' and inserting ``(I)''; and
            (3) in paragraph (11)(A), in the matter preceding clause 
        (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7504. EXTENSION DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION INITIATIVE.

    Subsection (d)(6) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities 
Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(d)(6)) is amended by striking 
``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7505. BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 9008(h)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8108(h)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7506. RENEWABLE RESOURCES EXTENSION ACT OF 1978.

    The Renewable Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1671 et 
seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 6 (16 U.S.C. 1675), in the first sentence, 
        by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; and
            (2) in section 8 (16 U.S.C. 1671 note), by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7507. NATIONAL AQUACULTURE ACT OF 1980.

    The National Aquaculture Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.) is 
amended--
            (1) in section 4 (16 U.S.C. 2803)--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(2), by striking 
                ``acquaculture'' and inserting ``aquaculture'';
                    (B) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by inserting ``, not less than once 
                every 3 years,'' after ``periodic reviews''; and
                    (C) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by inserting ``, not less than once every 3 
                        years,'' after ``undertake a continuing 
                        assessment of aquaculture in the United 
                        States'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) in paragraph (6), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
                        and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) a catalog of new and existing capital constraints, as 
        described in the capital requirements plan formulated under 
        section 8(b), that affect the development of the aquaculture 
        industry in the United States; and
            ``(8) a catalog of new and existing Federal or State 
        regulatory barriers, as described in the regulatory constraints 
        plan formulated under section 9(b), to the initiation and 
        operation of commercial aquaculture ventures.'';
            (2) in section 5 (16 U.S.C. 2804), by striking subsection 
        (d) and inserting the following:
    ``(d) Aquaculture Advisory Committee.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 
        2024, the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee, to 
        be known as the Aquaculture Advisory Committee (referred to in 
        this subsection as the `Committee'), to advise the Secretary 
        on--
                    ``(A) oversight of programs of the Department and 
                other members of the coordinating group to support 
                development of, and to advance, aquaculture best 
                practices using the best available science, in 
                consultation with farmers and industry partners;
                    ``(B) providing technical assistance to aquaculture 
                farmers and businesses, including technical assistance 
                that pertains to shellfish, algae, and land-based 
                aquaculture systems, using the best available science; 
                and
                    ``(C) any other aspects of the implementation of 
                this Act.
            ``(2) Membership.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Committee shall be composed 
                of 14 members, who are not officers or employees of the 
                Federal Government.
                    ``(B) Initial appointments.--The Secretary shall 
                appoint the members of the Committee not later than 180 
                days after the date of enactment of this section.
                    ``(C) Period of initial appointment; vacancies.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), a member of the Committee shall be 
                        appointed for a term of 3 years.
                            ``(ii) Initial appointments.--Of the 
                        members first appointed to the Committee--
                                    ``(I) 5 of the members, as 
                                determined by the Secretary, shall be 
                                appointed for a term of 3 years;
                                    ``(II) 5 of the members, as 
                                determined by the Secretary, shall be 
                                appointed for a term of 2 years; and
                                    ``(III) 4 of the members, as 
                                determined by the Secretary, shall be 
                                appointed for a term of 1 year.
                            ``(iii) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the 
                        Committee--
                                    ``(I) shall not affect the powers 
                                of the Committee; and
                                    ``(II) shall be filled as soon as 
                                practicable in the same manner as the 
                                original appointment.
                    ``(D) Consecutive terms.--An initial appointee of 
                the Committee may serve an additional consecutive term 
                if the member is reappointed by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Meetings.--
                    ``(A) Frequency.--The Committee shall meet not 
                fewer than 3 times per year.
                    ``(B) Initial meeting.--Not later than 180 days 
                after the date on which the members are appointed under 
                paragraph (2)(B), the Committee shall hold the first 
                meeting of the Committee.
            ``(4) Duties.--The Committee shall--
                    ``(A) develop recommendations and advise the 
                Secretary on aquaculture policies, initiatives, and 
                outreach administered by the Department;
                    ``(B) evaluate and review ongoing research and 
                extension activities relating to aquaculture practices;
                    ``(C) identify new and existing barriers to 
                successful aquaculture practices; and
                    ``(D) provide additional assistance and advice to 
                the Secretary as appropriate.
            ``(5) Personnel matters.--
                    ``(A) Compensation.--A member of the Committee 
                shall serve without compensation.
                    ``(B) Travel expenses.--A member of the Committee 
                shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in 
                lieu of subsistence, in accordance with section 5703 of 
                title 5, United States Code.
            ``(6) Termination.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                Committee shall terminate on the date that is 5 years 
                after the date on which the members are appointed under 
                paragraph (2)(B).
                    ``(B) Extensions.--Before the date on which the 
                Committee terminates, the Secretary may renew the 
                Committee for 1 or more 2-year periods.
    ``(e) Annual Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, and 
each year thereafter, the Secretary, acting through the coordinating 
group and in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the 
Secretary of the Interior, shall prepare on an annual basis, and submit 
to Congress, a report on the status of aquaculture in the United 
States. Such report shall contain--
            ``(1) a description and evaluation of the actions 
        undertaken with respect to the Plan during the reporting 
        period;
            ``(2) an explanation of any revisions made to the Plan 
        during the reporting period;
            ``(3) the results of the continuing assessment established 
        under section 4(e);
            ``(4) an evaluation of the role each Federal department or 
        agency has in supporting the aquaculture industry;
            ``(5) the total amount and value of expenditures of Federal 
        departments or agencies on--
                    ``(A) aquaculture purchases;
                    ``(B) aquaculture promotion and outreach supporting 
                the aquaculture industry;
                    ``(C) grants made to the aquaculture industry; and
                    ``(D) grants to facilitate aquaculture research and 
                the subject matter of such research;
            ``(6) a summary of the activities and recommendations of 
        the Aquaculture Advisory Committee established under subsection 
        (d);
            ``(7) a summary of the activities and recommendations of 
        the coordinating group; and
            ``(8) such other comments and recommendations as the 
        Secretary determines appropriate.''; and
            (3) in section 10 (16 U.S.C. 2809), by striking ``2023'' 
        each place it appears in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 7508. REPORTS ON DISBURSEMENT OF FUNDS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 
              AND EXTENSION AT 1862 AND 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES, 
              INCLUDING TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY.

     Section 7116 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
2207d) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``Not later than'' and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Outreach.--Not later than February 1 of each fiscal year, the 
Secretary shall provide information relating to each matching 
requirement applicable to the State under the programs referred to in 
subsection (a) to the Governor and legislature of each State in which 
an 1862 Institution or 1890 Institution (as those terms are defined in 
section 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform 
Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7601)) is located.
    ``(c) Attestations.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not less frequently than once each 
        calendar year, the Governor of each State described in 
        subsection (b) shall submit to the Secretary an attestation 
        that describes if the State is able to fulfill each matching 
        requirement with respect to which information is provided by 
        the Secretary under such subsection for such State and calendar 
        year.
            ``(2) Reports.--Not later than December 31 of each calendar 
        year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly 
        available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, an 
        annual report describing the attestations received under 
        paragraph (1) during that calendar year.''.

SEC. 7509. REPEAL.

    Section 1431 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985 (title XIV of Public Law 99-198; 
99 Stat. 1556) is repealed.

                       Subtitle F--Other Matters

SEC. 7601. FOUNDATION FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE RESEARCH.

    Section 7601 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 5939) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``of 
                        Agriculture; and'' and inserting a semicolon; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking clause (iii); and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``the roadmap 
                for agricultural research, education, and extension 
                authorized by section 7504 of the Food, Conservation, 
                and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 7614a)'' and inserting 
                ``the national research policies and priorities set 
                forth in section 1402 of the National Agricultural 
                Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 
                U.S.C. 3101)'';
            (2) in subsection (e)(2)(C)(i)--
                    (A) in subclause (I), by striking ``National 
                Academy of Sciences'' and inserting ``National 
                Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and 
                Economics Advisory Board established under section 1408 
                of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
                Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123)''; and
                    (B) in subclause (II), by striking ``industry'' and 
                inserting ``national farm, producer, or research 
                organizations''; and
            (3) in subsection (f)(3)(B)(i)--
                    (A) in subclause (I)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding item (aa), by 
                        striking ``and post online'' and inserting 
                        ``online and submit to the Committee on 
                        Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
                        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                        Forestry of the Senate'';
                            (ii) in item (bb), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (iii) in item (cc), by striking the period 
                        at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                            ``(dd) the source and a 
                                        description of all gifts to the 
                                        Foundation of real or personal 
                                        property;
                                            ``(ee) the source and 
                                        amount of each gift to the 
                                        Foundation of money, including 
                                        a specification of any 
                                        restrictions on the purposes 
                                        for which a gift to the 
                                        Foundation may be used;
                                            ``(ff) the source and 
                                        amount of any Federal or State 
                                        grant, contract, or cooperative 
                                        agreement awarded to the 
                                        Foundation;
                                            ``(gg) an accounting of the 
                                        use of funds made available 
                                        under subsection (g)(1);
                                            ``(hh) a description of the 
                                        Foundation's outreach 
                                        activities to agricultural 
                                        stakeholders and potential 
                                        research partners; and
                                            ``(ii) a description of the 
                                        Foundation's consultation 
                                        process with the Department 
                                        under subsection (d)(1)(B).'';
                    (B) by striking subclauses (II) and (III); and
                    (C) by redesignating subclause (IV) as subclause 
                (II).

SEC. 7602. AGRICULTURE INNOVATION CENTER DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.

    Section 6402 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 1632b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``Each Agriculture 
                        Innovation Center'' and inserting ``Subject to 
                        paragraph (3), each Agriculture Innovation 
                        Center''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``following::'' and 
                        inserting ``following:''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the requirement 
        described in paragraph (2) with respect to an eligible entity 
        if the Secretary determines that the eligible entity has a 
        board of directors adequate for the purpose of carrying out 
        this section.''; and
            (2) in subsection (g), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 7603. LIVESTOCK INSECTS LABORATORY.

    The Act of December 23, 1987 (Public Law 100-208; 101 Stat. 1439) 
is amended by striking ``Knipling-Bushland Research Laboratory'' each 
place it appears and inserting ``Knipling-Bushland Research Center''.

SEC. 7604. HATCH ACT OF 1887.

    Section 5 of the Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361e) is amended--
            (1) in the second sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``known as a director'' and 
                inserting ``known as an experiment station director''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``or other officer appointed by the 
                government board of the station'';
            (2) in the third sentence, by striking ``or other 
        officer''; and
            (3) by striking ``the authorized receiving officer'' and 
        inserting ``the experiment station director''.

SEC. 7605. COMMISSION ON NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE 
              MODERNIZATION.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a commission to be known 
as the Commission on National Agricultural Statistics Service 
Modernization (referred to in this section as the ``Commission'').
    (b) Study.--The Commission shall conduct a study of the National 
Agricultural Statistics Service and provide recommendations on--
            (1) how data collection can be modernized and streamlined 
        to--
                    (A) improve the quality of statistics reported;
                    (B) account for differences of national, regional, 
                and local production;
                    (C) accelerate adoption of new and innovative 
                technologies to reduce the number of surveys needed;
                    (D) improve producer response rates in statistical 
                surveys and identifying ways to reduce survey fatigue;
                    (E) increase transparency and confidence in 
                statistical reports through improved collaboration with 
                agricultural stakeholders;
                    (F) use more real-time statistical and 
                environmental data to complement existing survey-based 
                data and reporting; and
                    (G) improve collection and generation of timely 
                data on the specialty crop industry; and
            (2) how the recommendations under paragraph (1) with 
        respect to modernizing and streamlining data collection can be 
        implemented and the estimated costs of such implementation.
    (c) Membership.--
            (1) Composition.--The Commission shall be composed of 11 
        members, as follows:
                    (A) The Administrator of the National Agricultural 
                Statistics Service.
                    (B) The Administrator of the Economic Research 
                Service.
                    (C) The Chief Economist of the Department.
                    (D) The Chair of the World Agricultural Outlook 
                Board of the Department.
                    (E) A representative from the Bureau of Labor 
                Statistics.
                    (F) 3 members appointed by the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, of 
                which--
                            (i) 1 shall be appointed by the chair of 
                        the Committee;
                            (ii) 1 shall be appointed by the ranking 
                        member of the Committee; and
                            (iii) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the 
                        chair and ranking member of the Committee.
                    (G) 3 members appointed by the Committee on 
                Agriculture of the House of Representatives, of which--
                            (i) 1 shall be appointed by the chair of 
                        the Committee;
                            (ii) 1 shall be appointed by the ranking 
                        member of the Committee; and
                            (iii) 1 shall be appointed jointed by the 
                        chair and ranking member of the Committee.
            (2) Date of appointments.--The appointment of all members 
        of the Commission shall be made not later than 60 days after 
        the date of enactment of this Act.
            (3) Term; vacancies.--
                    (A) Term.--A member shall be appointed for the life 
                of the Commission.
                    (B) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission--
                            (i) shall not affect the powers of the 
                        Commission; and
                            (ii) shall be filled in the same manner as 
                        the original appointment was made.
            (4) Initial meeting.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
        on which all members of the Commission have been appointed, the 
        Commission shall hold the initial meeting of the Commission.
    (d) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Commission shall 
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a lesser 
number of members may hold hearings.
    (e) Chair.--The Chair of the Commission shall be selected by a 
majority of the members of the Commission.
    (f) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Commission shall submit to the President, the Committee 
on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report containing 
the results of the study required by subsection (b), including--
            (1) an inventory of surveys conducted by the Commission, 
        and the frequency with which they are conducted; and
            (2) such recommendations for administrative, regulatory, 
        and legislative changes as the Commission considers 
        appropriate.
    (g) Hearings.--The Commission shall hold such hearings, meet and 
act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such 
evidence as the Commission considers advisable to carry out this 
section.
    (h) Stakeholder Engagement.--The Commission shall establish a 
process to collect feedback from agricultural stakeholders to inform 
the results of the study required under subsection (b) and the report 
required under subsection (f).
    (i) Information From Federal Agencies.--The Commission may secure 
directly from a Federal agency such information as the Commission 
considers necessary to carry out this section. On request of the 
Chairperson of the Commission, the head of the agency shall provide the 
information to the Commission.
    (j) Postal Services.--The Commission may use the United States mail 
in the same manner and under the same conditions as other agencies of 
the Federal Government.
    (k) Assistance From Secretary.--The Secretary shall provide to the 
Commission appropriate office space and such reasonable administrative 
and support services as the Commission may request.
    (l) Compensation of Members.--
            (1) Non-federal employees.--A member of the Commission who 
        is not an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall 
        be compensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the 
        annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the 
        Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States 
        Code, for each day (including travel time) during which the 
        member is engaged in the performance of the duties of the 
        Commission.
            (2) Federal employees.--A member of the Commission who is 
        an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall serve 
        without compensation in addition to the compensation received 
        for the services of the member as an officer or employee of the 
        Federal Government.
            (3) Travel expenses.--A member of the Commission shall be 
        allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
        subsistence, at rates authorized for an employee of an agency 
        under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States 
        Code, while away from the home or regular place of business of 
        the member in the performance of the duties of the Commission.
    (m) Federal Advisory Committee Act.--Sections 1009 and 1013 of 
title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to the Commission or any 
proceeding of the Commission.
    (n) Termination.--The Commission shall terminate on September 30, 
2029.
    (o) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the 
Secretary shall use to carry out this section $1,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2025, to remain available until expended.

SEC. 7606. RESTORATION OF 4-H NAME AND EMBLEM AUTHORITY.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) 4-H club.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``4-H club'' means a 4-H 
                club recognized under the 4-H Program.
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``4-H club'' includes an 
                authorized agent of a 4-H club.
            (2) 4-H emblem or name.--The term ``4-H emblem or name'' 
        means the 4-H sign or emblem, consisting of a green four-leaf 
        clover with stem and the letter ``H'' in white or gold on each 
        leaflet, and the words ``4-H'', ``4-H Club'', and ``4-H 
        Clubs'', used to identify and distinguish the 4-H Program and 
        the activities, clubs, members, goods, and services of the 4-H 
        Program.
            (3) 4-H program.--The term ``4-H Program''--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``4-H Program'' means the 
                youth development program of the land-grant colleges or 
                universities, the Cooperative Extension System (as 
                defined by the Secretary), and the Department.
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``4-H Program'' includes 
                an authorized agent of the 4-H Program.
            (4) Land-grant college or university.--The term ``land-
        grant college or university''--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``land-grant college or 
                university'' means an 1862 Institution, an 1890 
                Institution, or a 1994 Institution (as those terms are 
                defined in section 2 of the Agricultural Research, 
                Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 
                7601)).
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``land-grant college or 
                university'' includes an authorized agent of a land-
                grant college or university.
    (b) Effect of Repeal; Ratification.--
            (1) Civil acts.--Any civil act or action of the 4-H 
        Program, a 4-H club, the Secretary, or a land-grant college or 
        university taken with respect to the use of the 4-H emblem or 
        name, or the recognition of any 4-H club, during the period 
        beginning on May 8, 1914, and ending on the date of enactment 
        of this Act, is deemed to be of legal force and effect and 
        ratified as if section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of 
        2019 (title X of division O of Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat. 
        2155) had not been enacted into law.
            (2) Effect on criminal law.--Nothing in this subsection 
        affects the effect on criminal law of the repeal made by 
        section 1002(3) of the Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (title X 
        of division O of Public Law 116-260; 134 Stat. 2155). 
    (c) Authorizations for Use of 4-H Emblem or Name; Fees; Deposits.--
            (1) Authorization.--The Secretary may--
                    (A) use the 4-H emblem or name; and
                    (B) grant authorizations to use the 4-H emblem or 
                name, as provided by regulations issued by the 
                Secretary.
            (2) Fees.--An authorization under paragraph (1) may be 
        granted--
                    (A) without a fee or other consideration; or
                    (B) for a fee or other consideration.
            (3) Use of fees.--The Secretary shall deposit into a 
        special account any fees collected under paragraph (2)(B), the 
        amounts in which shall remain available to the Secretary until 
        expended, without further appropriation, for furthering the 4-H 
        Program.
    (d) Unauthorized Use of 4-H Emblem or Name.--
            (1) Prohibition.--Whoever, other than the 4-H Program, a 4-
        H club, the Department, a land-grant college or university, and 
        those authorized by them, uses in commerce the 4-H emblem or 
        name or any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable 
        imitation of the 4-H emblem or name to indicate membership in 
        an association, organization, or other collective group, or in 
        connection with the sale, offering for sale, distribution, or 
        advertising of goods or services, on or in connection with 
        which that use is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake, 
        or to deceive as to membership or participation in, an 
        affiliation, connection, or association with, or authorization 
        or approval by, a 4-H club or the 4-H Program, shall be subject 
        to the civil action under paragraph (2).
            (2) Civil action.--The Attorney General, on behalf of the 
        Secretary, or contract counsel procured by the Secretary, may 
        bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the 
        United States against whoever engages in any of the prohibited 
        acts described in paragraph (1) for the remedies provided in 
        the Act of July 5, 1946 (commonly known as the ``Trademark Act 
        of 1946'' or the ``Lanham Act'') (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.). 
    (e) Savings Clauses.--
            (1) Prior authorized uses.--Nothing in this section makes 
        unlawful the use of any emblem, name, sign, symbol, insignia, 
        or words that was lawful on December 26, 2020.
            (2) Delegation.--Nothing in this section limits the 
        authority of the Secretary to delegate the authority of the 
        Secretary as otherwise authorized by law.

SEC. 7607. UNDER SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE FOR RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND 
              ECONOMICS.

    Section 251 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; and'' at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) be responsible for the coordination of research 
        activities with other Federal agencies.'';
            (2) in subsection (e)(3)(C), by striking ``not less than 3 
        years'' and inserting ``not less than 1 year'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Interagency Coordination.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out cross-
        cutting and collaborative research and development activities 
        focused on the joint advancement of the mission requirements 
        and priorities of the Department of Agriculture and other 
        Federal agencies.
            ``(2) Memoranda of understanding.--
                    ``(A) Department of energy.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year 
                        after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, 
                        and National Security Act of 2024, the 
                        Secretary and the Secretary of Energy (referred 
                        to in this subparagraph as the `Secretaries') 
                        shall coordinate the activities under paragraph 
                        (1) through the establishment of memoranda of 
                        understanding or other appropriate interagency 
                        agreements. Such a memorandum or such an 
                        agreement shall require the use of a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed process as 
                        appropriate. Activities may include components 
                        proposed by Federal agencies, National 
                        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
                        nonprofit organizations, and other entities 
                        deemed appropriate under the memorandum or 
                        agreement.
                            ``(ii) Coordination.--In carrying out the 
                        activities under paragraph (1), the Secretaries 
                        may--
                                    ``(I) conduct collaborative 
                                research in a variety of focus areas;
                                    ``(II) develop methods to 
                                accommodate large voluntary 
                                standardized and integrated data sets 
                                on agricultural, environmental, supply 
                                chain, and economic information with 
                                variable accuracy and scale;
                                    ``(III) promote collaboration and 
                                open community-based development 
                                between--
                                            ``(aa) Federal agencies;
                                            ``(bb) National 
                                        Laboratories;
                                            ``(cc) institutions of 
                                        higher education (as defined in 
                                        section 101 of the Higher 
                                        Education Act of 1965 (20 
                                        U.S.C. 1001));
                                            ``(dd) nonprofit 
                                        institutions;
                                            ``(ee) industry partners; 
                                        and
                                            ``(ff) other entities 
                                        deemed appropriate under the 
                                        memorandum or agreement 
                                        involved;
                                    ``(IV) support research 
                                infrastructure, including new 
                                facilities and equipment, and workforce 
                                development as the Secretaries 
                                determine necessary;
                                    ``(V) conduct collaborative 
                                research, development, and 
                                demonstration of methods and 
                                technologies; and
                                    ``(VI) facilitate relations between 
                                public and private entities to carry on 
                                the activities of this clause upon the 
                                termination of any agreement 
                                established under this subparagraph.
                            ``(iii) Agreements.--In carrying out the 
                        activities under this subparagraph, the 
                        Secretaries are authorized to--
                                    ``(I) carry out reimbursable 
                                agreements between the Department of 
                                Agriculture, the Department of Energy, 
                                and other entities in order to maximize 
                                the effectiveness of research and 
                                development; and
                                    ``(II) collaborate with other 
                                Federal agencies, as appropriate.
                    ``(B) National science foundation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not later than 1 year 
                        after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, 
                        and National Security Act of 2024, the 
                        Secretary and the Director of the National 
                        Science Foundation (referred to in this 
                        subparagraph as the ``Director'') shall 
                        coordinate the activities under paragraph (1) 
                        through the establishment of memoranda of 
                        understanding or other appropriate interagency 
                        agreements. Such a memorandum or such an 
                        agreement shall require the use of a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed process as 
                        appropriate. Activities may include components 
                        proposed by Federal agencies, institutions of 
                        higher education, nonprofit organizations, and 
                        other entities deemed appropriate under the 
                        memorandum or agreement.
                            ``(ii) Coordination.--In carrying out the 
                        activities under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
                        and the Director may--
                                    ``(I) conduct collaborative 
                                research in a variety of focus areas;
                                    ``(II) promote collaboration and 
                                open, community-based development 
                                between--
                                            ``(aa) Federal agencies;
                                            ``(bb) institutions of 
                                        higher education;
                                            ``(cc) community colleges 
                                        (as defined in section 3167B of 
                                        the Energy Science Education 
                                        Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 
                                        7381c-3));
                                            ``(dd) area career and 
                                        technical education schools (as 
                                        defined in section 3 of the 
                                        Carl D. Perkins Career and 
                                        Technical Education Act of 2006 
                                        (20 U.S.C. 2302));
                                            ``(ee) nonprofit 
                                        institutions;
                                            ``(ff) industry partners; 
                                        and
                                            ``(gg) other entities 
                                        deemed appropriate under the 
                                        memorandum or agreement;
                                    ``(III) support research 
                                infrastructure, including new 
                                facilities, equipment and broadband 
                                deployment, as the Secretary and 
                                Director determine necessary;
                                    ``(IV) develop translational 
                                technologies for commercial 
                                utilization;
                                    ``(V) organize education, training, 
                                and research initiatives relating to 
                                STEM education and workforce 
                                development, which may include--
                                            ``(aa) activities supported 
                                        by the Cooperative Extension 
                                        System;
                                            ``(bb) industrial 
                                        partnership programs;
                                            ``(cc) workshops for 
                                        educating kindergarten through 
                                        grade 12 teachers on how to 
                                        increase agricultural literacy;
                                            ``(dd) development of 
                                        agricultural-based science 
                                        curricula for kindergarten 
                                        through grade 12 students; and
                                            ``(ee) distribution of 
                                        resources for educators to 
                                        implement curricula; and
                                    ``(VI) facilitate relationships 
                                between public and private entities to 
                                carry on the activities under this 
                                clause upon the termination of any 
                                agreement established under this 
                                subparagraph.
                            ``(iii) Agreements.--In carrying out the 
                        activities under this subparagraph, the 
                        Secretary and the Director are authorized to--
                                    ``(I) carry out reimbursable 
                                agreements between the Department of 
                                Agriculture, the National Science 
                                Foundation, and other entities in order 
                                to maximize the effectiveness of 
                                research and development; and
                                    ``(II) collaborate with other 
                                Federal agencies as appropriate.
                    ``(C) Other federal agencies.--In addition to the 
                memoranda of understanding with Federal agencies 
                described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), the Secretary 
                shall, as appropriate, enter into memoranda of 
                understanding with the heads of other Federal agencies 
                to coordinate the activities under paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of 
        enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, 
        the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
        committees a report detailing--
                    ``(A) interagency coordination between each Federal 
                agency involved in the research and development 
                activities carried out under this section;
                    ``(B) potential opportunities to expand the 
                technical capabilities of each Federal agency involved 
                in the research and development activities carried out 
                under this section;
                    ``(C) collaborative research achievements;
                    ``(D) areas of future mutually beneficial 
                successes;
                    ``(E) continuation of coordination activities 
                between each Federal agency involved in the research 
                and development activities carried out under this 
                section;
                    ``(F) potential opportunities for additional 
                memoranda of understanding with other Federal agencies; 
                and
                    ``(G) any additional information as the Secretary 
                deems appropriate.
            ``(4) Research security.--The activities authorized under 
        this section shall be applied in a manner consistent with 
        subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, 
        Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of the 
        CHIPS Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et 
        seq.)).''.

SEC. 7608. AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION CORPS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish an Agricultural 
Innovation Corps (referred to in this section as the ``Ag I-Corps'') to 
promote technology transfer and increase the economic impact of 
federally-funded research through--
            (1) supporting agricultural researchers, students, and 
        institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of 
        the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), in 
        exploring the commercial potential of technologies developed in 
        laboratories through a standardized entrepreneurial training 
        program; and
            (2) bringing together Agriculture Research Service 
        researchers and institutions of higher education within a 
        distinct geographical region to collaborate and deliver a 
        standardized entrepreneurial training curriculum.
    (b) Eligibility.--Agricultural researchers, students, and 
institutions of higher education receiving funds from the Department 
shall be eligible to participate in Ag I-Corps.
    (c) Follow-on Grants.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary may make funds available 
        from the Small Business Innovation Research Program for 
        competitive grants to Ag I-Corps participants to help support--
                    (A) prototype or proof-of-concept development; and
                    (B) such activities as the Secretary considers 
                necessary to build local, regional, and national 
                infrastructure for agricultural entrepreneurship.
            (2) Limitation.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be 
        limited to participants in Ag I-Corps with innovations that, 
        because of the early stage of development of such innovations, 
        are not eligible to participate in a Small Business Innovation 
        Research Program or Small Business Technology Transfer Program 
        (as defined in section 9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 
        638)).
    (d) Partnerships.--The Secretary may engage in partnerships with 
other Federal agencies, State and local governments, economic 
development organizations, and nonprofit organizations to provide 
access to Ag I-Corps to support entrepreneurship education and training 
for agricultural researchers, students, and institutions of higher 
education under this section.
    (e) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2025, and not less 
frequently than once every other year, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
report on the efficacy of Ag I-Corps, including metrics on the 
effectiveness of the program. 

                          TITLE VIII--FORESTRY

        Subtitle A--Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978

SEC. 8101. SUPPORT FOR STATE ASSESSMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR FOREST 
              RESOURCES.

    Section 2A(f) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 
(16 U.S.C. 2101a(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``to carry out this 
        section'' and all that follows through the period at the end 
        and inserting the following: ``the Secretary may use any other 
        funds made available under this Act to develop and implement 
        the State-wide assessment and State-wide strategy required by 
        subsection (a), except that the total amount of combined 
        funding used to develop and implement such assessment and 
        strategy may not exceed $10,000,000 in any fiscal year.''.

SEC. 8102. FOREST LEGACY PROGRAM TECHNICAL CORRECTION.

    Section 7(l)(3) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 
(16 U.S.C. 2103c) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the State of 
        Vermont'' and inserting ``any State''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B)(ii), in the matter preceding 
        subclause (I), by striking ``of Vermont'' and inserting 
        ``involved''.

SEC. 8103. STATE AND PRIVATE FOREST LANDSCAPE-SCALE RESTORATION 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 13A(l)(3) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 
1978 (16 U.S.C. 2109a(l)(3)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

          Subtitle B--Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003

SEC. 8201. DEFINITION OF AT-RISK COMMUNITY.

    Section 101(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6511(1)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(1) At-risk community.--The term `at-risk community' 
        means an area that is comprised of--
                    ``(A) an interface community as defined in the 
                notice entitled `Wildland Urban Interface Communities 
                Within the Vicinity of Federal Lands That Are at High 
                Risk From Wildfire' issued by the Secretary of 
                Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior in 
                accordance with title IV of the Department of the 
                Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 
                (114 Stat. 1009) (66 Fed. Reg. 753, January 4, 2001); 
                or
                    ``(B) a group of homes or other structures with 
                basic infrastructure and services (such as utilities 
                and collectively maintained transportation routes) at 
                risk from wildfire as recognized by a local, State, 
                regional, Tribal, territorial, or national wildfire 
                risk assessment.''.

SEC. 8202. PROMOTING CROSS-BOUNDARY WILDFIRE MITIGATION.

    Section 103(e)(5) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
(16 U.S.C. 6513(e)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 8203. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR HAZARDOUS FUEL REDUCTION 
              ON FEDERAL LAND.

    Section 108 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6518) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8204. WATER SOURCE PROTECTION PROGRAM.

    Section 303 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6542(g)(4)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) as 
                paragraphs (2) through (8), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting before paragraph (2), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Adjacent land.--The term `adjacent land' means non-
        Federal land, including State, local, and private land, that is 
        adjacent to, and within the same watershed as, National Forest 
        System land on which a watershed protection and restoration 
        project is carried out under this section.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (G) and 
                        (H) as subparagraphs (K) and (L), respectively; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (F) 
                        the following:
                    ``(G) an acequia association;
                    ``(H) a local, regional, or other public entity 
                that manages stormwater or wastewater resources or 
                other related water infrastructure;
                    ``(I) a land-grant mercedes;
                    ``(J) a local, regional, or other private entity 
                that has water delivery authority;'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary shall'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Requirements.--A watershed protection and restoration 
        project under the Program shall be designed to--
                    ``(A) protect and restore watershed health, water 
                supply and quality, a municipal or agricultural water 
                supply system, and water-related infrastructure;
                    ``(B) protect and restore forest health from insect 
                infestation and disease or wildfire; or
                    ``(C) advance any combination of the purposes 
                described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
            ``(3) Priorities.--In selecting watershed protection and 
        restoration projects under the Program, the Secretary shall 
        give priority to projects that would--
                    ``(A) provide risk management benefits associated 
                with: drought; wildfire; post-wildfire conditions; 
                extreme weather; flooding; resilience to climate 
                change; and watershed and fire resilience, including 
                minimizing risks to watershed health, water supply and 
                quality, and water-related infrastructure, including 
                municipal and agricultural water supply systems;
                    ``(B) support aquatic restoration and conservation 
                efforts that complement existing or planned forest 
                restoration or wildfire risk reduction efforts; or
                    ``(C) provide quantifiable benefits to water supply 
                or quality and include the use of nature-based 
                solutions, such as restoring wetland and riparian 
                ecosystems.
            ``(4) Conditions for projects on adjacent land.--
                    ``(A) In general.--No project or activity may be 
                carried out under this section on adjacent land unless 
                the owner of the adjacent land agrees in writing that 
                the owner is a willing and engaged partner in carrying 
                out that project or activity.
                    ``(B) Effect.--Nothing in this section shall be 
                construed to authorize any change in--
                            ``(i) the ownership of adjacent land on 
                        which a project or activity is carried out 
                        under this section; or
                            ``(ii) the management of adjacent land on 
                        which a project or activity is carried out 
                        under this section, except during the carrying 
                        out of that project or activity.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``with end water 
                users'' and inserting ``with end water users to protect 
                and restore the condition of National Forest watersheds 
                and adjacent land that provide water--
                    ``(A) to the end water users subject to the 
                agreement; or
                    ``(B) for the benefit of another end water user.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``or'' 
                        at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (E); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 
                        the following:
                    ``(D) a good neighbor agreement entered into under 
                section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 
                2113a); or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Cooperation with non-federal partners.--The Secretary 
        shall cooperate with non-Federal partners in carrying out 
        assessments, planning, project design, and project 
        implementation under this section.'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Requirement.--A water source management plan shall 
        be--
                    ``(A) designed to protect and restore ecological 
                integrity (as defined in section 219.19 of title 36, 
                Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date 
                of enactment of this subparagraph));
                    ``(B) based on the best available scientific 
                information; and
                    ``(C) conducted in a manner consistent with the 
                forest plan applicable to the National Forest System 
                land on which the watershed protection and restoration 
                project is carried out.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Reducing redundancy.--An existing watershed plan, 
        such as a watershed protection and restoration action plan 
        developed under section 304(a)(3), or other applicable 
        watershed planning documents as approved by the Secretary may 
        be used as the basis for a water source management plan under 
        this subsection.'';
            (5) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``primary purpose 
        of'' and all that follows through the period at the end and 
        inserting ``primary purpose of advancing any of the purposes 
        described in subsection (b)(2).'';
            (6) in subsection (g), by amending paragraph (2) to read as 
        follows:
            ``(2) Matching funds required.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                Secretary shall require the contribution of funds or 
                in-kind support from non-Federal partners to be in an 
                amount that is not less than 50 percent of the amount 
                of Federal funds.
                    ``(B) Waiver.--The requirement in subparagraph (A) 
                may be waived at the discretion of the Secretary.''; 
                and
            (7) in subsection (g)(4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``2019 through 
                2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Set-aside for partner participation in 
                planning and technical assistance.--Of the amounts made 
                available under subparagraph (B) to carry out this 
                section for each fiscal year, the Secretary may not use 
                more than 10 percent for non-Federal partner planning 
                and technical assistance efforts in developing or 
                implementing a water source management plan under 
                subsection (d).''.

SEC. 8205. WATERSHED CONDITION FRAMEWORK TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    Section 304(a) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6543(a)) is amended in paragraphs (3) and (5) by striking 
``protection and''.

SEC. 8206. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO COMBAT INSECT 
              INFESTATIONS AND RELATED DISEASES.

    Section 406 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6556) is amended by striking ``October 1, 2023'' and inserting 
``October 1, 2029''.

SEC. 8207. INSECT AND DISEASE INFESTATION.

    Section 602(d)(2) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
(16 U.S.C. 6591a(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 8208. STEWARDSHIP END RESULT CONTRACTING PROJECTS.

    Section 604 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6591c) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by inserting ``, including retaining 
        and expanding existing forest products infrastructure'' before 
        the period at the end;
            (2) in subsection (d)(3)(B), by striking ``10'' and 
        inserting ``20''; and
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking ``Other Laws.--'' and all that 
                follows through ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting 
                ``Other Laws.--Notwithstanding''; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (B).

                  Subtitle C--Other Forestry Programs

SEC. 8301. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL AGROFORESTRY CENTERS.

    Section 1243 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting 
        ``national and regional agroforestry centers'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) as 
        subsections (b), (d), (e), and (h), respectively;
            (3) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(a) Definition of Agroforestry.--In this section, the term 
`agroforestry' means a management system that intentionally integrates 
trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to build more 
profitable and weather-resilient farms, ranches, and communities, 
address natural resource concerns and conservation needs, and establish 
productive and sustainable land use practices, including--
            ``(1) riparian forest buffers;
            ``(2) alley cropping;
            ``(3) silvopasture;
            ``(4) forest farming and multistory cropping; and
            ``(5) windbreaks, shelterbelts, hedgerows, and, where 
        applicable, field borders, and living snow fences.'';
            (4) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Semiarid'' and inserting ``National'';
                    (B) by inserting ``(referred to in this section as 
                the `Secretary')'' after ``Secretary of Agriculture'';
                    (C) by striking ``Semiarid Agroforestry Research, 
                Development, and Demonstration Center (hereafter 
                referred to in this section as the `Center')'' and 
                inserting ``National Agroforestry Research, 
                Development, and Demonstration Center''; and
                    (D) by striking ``subsection (b)'' and inserting 
                ``subsection (d)'';
            (5) by inserting after subsection (b) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(c) Regional Agroforestry Centers.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural 
        Resources Conservation Service, shall, subject to the 
        availability of appropriations, establish 1 or more regional 
        agroforestry centers to advance agroforestry research, 
        outreach, technical assistance, and adoption.
            ``(2) Director.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
        the Forest Service and in cooperation with the Natural 
        Resources Conservation Service, shall appoint a Director to 
        manage and coordinate the 1 or more regional agroforestry 
        centers established under paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Location.--In selecting the locations for the 1 or 
        more regional agroforestry centers under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall prioritize locations at which the Department of 
        Agriculture has, on the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, 
        and National Security Act of 2024, at least 1 employee 
        providing coordination among a diverse group of research 
        institutions and other partners.
            ``(4) Administration.--Regional agroforestry centers 
        established under paragraph (1) shall by administered by the 
        National Agroforestry Center.'';
            (6) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``the Center'' and 
                        inserting ``each of the centers established 
                        under subsections (b) and (c) (referred to in 
                        this section as the `Centers')'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``and organizations'' 
                        after ``nonprofit foundations''; and
                            (iii) by inserting ``demonstration 
                        projects,'' after ``studies,'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands that'' 
                        and inserting ``that build soil health and''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting ``, including 
                        agroforestry systems on semiarid land and other 
                        fragile agroecosystems where permanent woody 
                        perennial plant communities can enhance carbon 
                        sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas 
                        emissions'' before the semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``forestry 
                products for commercial sale from semiarid land'' and 
                inserting ``agroforestry products for commercial 
                sale'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking ``in semiarid regions''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``the Great Plains 
                        region'' and inserting ``particular regions'';
                    (E) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``technical 
                assistance, demonstration projects, and'' before 
                ``technology'';
                    (F) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (11) as 
                paragraphs (8) through (12), respectively;
                    (G) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(6) develop improved silvopasture, alley cropping, forest 
        farming, multistory cropping, riparian buffer, windbreak and 
        shelterbelt, and other perennial production and conservation 
        systems and technologies to improve soil health, carbon 
        sequestration, drought preparedness, soil and water 
        conservation, environmental quality, and biological diversity;
            ``(7) address barriers to the adoption of agroforestry 
        practices, including--
                    ``(A) insufficient access to plant material;
                    ``(B) insufficient infrastructure to contain 
                equipment and plant material;
                    ``(C) insufficient machinery to implement 
                agroforestry practices;
                    ``(D) insufficient technical service assistance; 
                and
                    ``(E) insufficient research related to agroforestry 
                systems, including silvopasture and alley cropping;'';
                    (H) in paragraph (8) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``on semiarid lands'';
                    (I) in paragraph (9) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``on semiarid lands worldwide'' and inserting 
                ``worldwide, including on semiarid land''; and
                    (J) in paragraph (10) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``and extreme weather'' 
                        after ``pollution'';
            (7) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by 
                striking ``the Center'' and inserting ``each of the 
                Centers'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``forestry'' and inserting 
                        ``forestry, agroforestry,''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) facilitate agroforestry adoption by disseminating 
        comprehensive information on Federal, State, local, and Tribal 
        programs that provide support for agroforestry.'';
            (8) by inserting after subsection (e) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(f) Regional Support.--The Secretary shall provide targeted 
regional support for agroforestry projects, including demonstration 
sites.
    ``(g) Survey.--Not later than 5 years after the date of the 
enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 and 
every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall conduct a National 
Agroforestry Producers Survey.''; and
            (9) in subsection (h) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``There are'' and inserting ``In 
                addition to amounts otherwise available, there is''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``$5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
                years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``$7,000,000 
                for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 8302. NATIONAL FOREST FOUNDATION ACT.

    (a) Matching Funds.--Section 405(b) of the National Forest 
Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-3(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' 
and inserting ``2029''.
    (b) White Oak Restoration Fund.--Section 409 of the National Forest 
Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-7) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The activities'' and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(a) In General.--The activities''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) White Oak Restoration Fund.--
            ``(1) In general.--Funds described in paragraph (2) shall 
        be made available for activities--
                    ``(A) on national forests that are approved by the 
                Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest 
                Service; and
                    ``(B) to--
                            ``(i) re-establish white oak forests where 
                        appropriate;
                            ``(ii) improve management of existing white 
                        oak forests to foster natural regeneration of 
                        white oak;
                            ``(iii) improve and expand white oak 
                        nursery stock; and
                            ``(iv) adapt and improve white oak 
                        seedlings.
            ``(2) Fund.--The National Forest Foundation may accept 
        gifts, devises, or bequests for the purposes of carrying out 
        the activities specified in paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Summary.--Beginning 1 year after the date of the 
        enactment of this section, the National Forest Foundation shall 
        include in the budget justification materials submitted to 
        Congress in support of the budget of each such Foundation for 
        each fiscal year (as submitted with the budget of the President 
        under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code) a 
        summary of the activities carried out under paragraph (1) and 
        the funds accepted under paragraph (2) that includes--
                    ``(A) the amount--
                            ``(i) accepted under paragraph (2) in the 
                        preceding fiscal year; and
                            ``(ii) described in clause (i) that is 
                        unobligated on the date of the report; and
                    ``(B) a description of the activities under 
                paragraph (1) funded during the preceding fiscal 
                year.''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 410(b) of the 
National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-8(b)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8303. CONVEYANCES AND LEASES OF FOREST SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE 
              SITES.

    (a) Conveyance of Forest Service Administrative Sites.--Section 
503(f) of the Forest Service Facility Realignment and Enhancement Act 
of 2005 (16 U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 109-54) is amended by striking 
``September 30, 2019'' and inserting ``September 30, 2029''.
    (b) Authorization for Lease of Forest Service Administrative 
Sites.--Section 8623 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16 
U.S.C. 580d note; Public Law 115-334) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)(D), by striking ``dwelling;'' and 
        inserting ``dwelling or multiunit dwelling;'';
            (2) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)(B)(ii)--
                            (i) in subclause (I), by inserting ``such 
                        as housing,'' after ``improvements,'';
                            (ii) in subclause (II), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) in subclause (III), by striking 
                        ``or'' at the end and inserting ``and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(IV) services occurring off the 
                                administrative site that--
                                            ``(aa) occur at another 
                                        administrative site on the same 
                                        or a different unit of the 
                                        National Forest System in which 
                                        the administrative site is 
                                        located;
                                            ``(bb) benefit the National 
                                        Forest System; and
                                            ``(cc) support activities 
                                        occurring within the unit of 
                                        the National Forest System in 
                                        which the administrative site 
                                        is located; or''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Lease term.--The term of a lease of an administrative 
        site under this section shall be not greater than 100 years.'';
            (3) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by inserting ``(or other party)'' after 
                ``leaseholder''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``or constructed'' after 
                ``improved''; and
            (4) in subsection (i), by striking ``2023'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8304. FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS.

    (a) In General.--Section 3(e) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable 
Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``their resources'' and inserting 
                ``the resources of those forests, including forest 
                carbon,'';
                    (B) by striking ``In compliance'' and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(A) In general.--In compliance''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Additional methods.--Under the program under 
                this subsection, the Secretary shall carry out, as a 
                data collection method--
                            ``(i) a national timber products output 
                        survey; and
                            ``(ii) a national woodland owner survey.'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting ``including with 
        respect to available forest carbon data,'' after ``2 
        decades,'';
            (3) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in the second sentence, by striking ``The 
                standards'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The standards described in 
                subparagraph (A)'';
                    (B) by striking ``(4) national standards and 
                definitions.--To ensure'' and inserting the following:
            ``(4) National consistency.--
                    ``(A) Standards and definitions.--To ensure''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Terminology.--The Secretary shall include a 
                clear description of the definition of `forest' used 
                for purposes of reporting data from inventories and 
                analyses of forests and the resources of forests under 
                this subsection with--
                            ``(i) any data or report provided under the 
                        program under this subsection;
                            ``(ii) Renewable Resource Assessments 
                        prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest and 
                        Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 
                        1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601(a)); and
                            ``(iii) any data or report provided to an 
                        entity outside the United States.'';
            (4) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``Not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of this subsection,'' and inserting ``In 
                accordance with paragraph (7),''; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraphs (D) and (E) and 
                inserting the following:
                    ``(D) the organization and procedures necessary to 
                understand and report on changes in land cover and use;
                    ``(E) the organization and procedures necessary to 
                sample and evaluate carbon-related data variables, 
                including soil carbon, collected from forest inventory 
                and analysis plots, timber products output surveys, and 
                national woodland owner surveys to ensure that carbon 
                accounting information needs can be met; and''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Updates to strategic plan.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary 
                shall prepare an update to the strategic plan under 
                paragraph (6) to include--
                            ``(i) a plan to implement nationally 
                        consistent data collection protocols and 
                        procedures to improve the statistical precision 
                        of base program estimates;
                            ``(ii) pathways to integrate and report on 
                        status and trends in forest carbon pools, 
                        including below-ground carbon;
                            ``(iii) plans, including the identification 
                        of challenges, to collaborate with other 
                        Federal agencies, non-Federal partners, and the 
                        private sector to integrate existing nationally 
                        available data sets and best available 
                        commercial technologies, such as remote 
                        sensing, spatial analysis techniques, and other 
                        new technologies;
                            ``(iv) a plan to increase transparency and 
                        clarity in reporting in accordance with 
                        paragraph (4)(C);
                            ``(v) a plan to expand current data 
                        collection, further integrate remote sensing 
                        technology, or both, to include procedures to 
                        improve the statistical precision of estimates 
                        at the sub-State level;
                            ``(vi) a plan to expand current data 
                        collection, further integrate remote sensing 
                        technology, or both, to include information on 
                        renewable biomass supplies and carbon stocks at 
                        the local, State, regional, and national 
                        levels, including by ownership type; and
                            ``(vii) such other matters as the Secretary 
                        determines to be appropriate based on 
                        recommendations of the Forest Inventory and 
                        Analysis National User Group.
                    ``(B) Submission.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary 
                shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee 
                on Agriculture of the House of Representatives the 
                update to the strategic plan prepared under 
                subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Further updates.--Not later than 5 years 
                after the date on which the update is submitted under 
                subparagraph (B), and every 5 years thereafter, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) prepare an additional update to the 
                        strategic plan; and
                            ``(ii) submit the additional update to the 
                        committees described in subparagraph (B).
            ``(8) Accessibility.--The Secretary shall ensure that data 
        collected under this subsection is--
                    ``(A) easily accessible to all public- and private-
                sector entities; and
                    ``(B) collected and made accessible using means 
                that ensure the confidentiality, in accordance with 
                section 1770 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 
                2276), of--
                            ``(i) plot locations;
                            ``(ii) nonaggregated data of woodland 
                        owners; and
                            ``(iii) nonaggregated data from timber 
                        product output survey.
            ``(9) Biennial compilations.--Biennially, the Secretary 
        shall prepare and make publicly available a compilation of 
        national forest inventory and analysis forest statistics, which 
        shall be similar to the tables contained in the Renewable 
        Resource Assessments prepared under section 3(a) of the Forest 
        and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 
        U.S.C. 1601(a)), accompanied by relevant geospatial products.
            ``(10) External complex data requests.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish an 
                office, a data platform, or team to process and respond 
                to complex data requests submitted by external 
                organizations relating to the program under this 
                subsection.
                    ``(B) Fees.--
                            ``(i) In general.--To cover the costs of 
                        processing of and responding to complex data 
                        requests described in subparagraph (A), the 
                        Secretary may impose fees on external 
                        organizations submitting the requests.
                            ``(ii) Fees collected.--Fees collected 
                        under clause (i) may only be used for the 
                        purposes described in such clause.
            ``(11) Reports.--Each year, the Secretary shall publish as 
        part of the forest inventory and analysis business report a 
        detailed description of the progress of the Secretary in 
        implementing the programmatic elements of the strategic plan 
        described in paragraph (6), including--
                    ``(A) the costs and priorities of the strategic 
                plan; and
                    ``(B) how the program under this subsection 
                leverages new technology, improves and standardizes 
                collection protocols, and increases workforce 
                capacity.''.
    (b) Remote Sensing Technologies.--Section 8632(1) of the 
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 
115-334) is amended by striking ``technologies'' and inserting 
``technologies, such as microwave, LiDAR, hyperspectral, and high-
resolution remote sensing data, and advanced computing technologies for 
improved modeling to provide tabular statistical estimates and 
geospatial products,''.

SEC. 8305. REFORESTATION, NURSERY, AND SEED ORCHARD SUPPORT.

    (a) Partnerships, Collaboration, and Other Assistance in Support of 
Nurseries and Seed Orchards.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief 
of the Forest Service, shall--
            (1) partner with Federal and State agencies, Indian Tribes, 
        private nurseries, and other relevant entities to provide 
        training, technical assistance, and research to nursery and 
        tree establishment programs that support natural regeneration, 
        reforestation, agroforestry, and afforestation;
            (2) promote information sharing to improve the technical 
        knowledge, practices, and understanding of the demands, climate 
        change impacts, and other issues necessary to address all 
        facets of the reforestation pipeline;
            (3) provide technical and financial assistance to 
        international nursery and tree establishment programs through--
                    (A) international programs conducted by the Forest 
                Service pursuant to the International Forestry 
                Cooperation Act of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.);
                    (B) the Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry of 
                the Forest Service; and
                    (C) the International Institute of Tropical 
                Forestry of the Forest Service;
            (4) collaborate with other relevant Federal departments and 
        agencies, including the Foreign Agricultural Service of the 
        Department, the United States Agency for International 
        Development, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service of the 
        Department of the Interior, and international organizations to 
        provide technical and financial assistance related to nurseries 
        and reforestation;
            (5) coordinate the efforts of the Department to--
                    (A) address the challenges associated with the 
                reforestation pipeline; and
                    (B) leverage economic development assistance for 
                work with private nurseries; and
            (6) expand science-based reforestation supply chains 
        through research, seed collection and storage, and nursery 
        infrastructure and operations in coordination with the 
        Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service.
    (b) Nursery and Seed Orchard Financial Assistance.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a program 
        to provide grants to eligible recipients to support nurseries 
        and seed orchards.
            (2) Eligible projects.--The Secretary may make a grant 
        under this subsection to an eligible recipient for a project to 
        carry out at least one of the following:
                    (A) Develop, expand, enhance, or improve nursery 
                production capacity or other infrastructure to--
                            (i) improve seed collection, processing, 
                        and storage;
                            (ii) increase seedling production, storage, 
                        and distribution; or
                            (iii) enhance seedling survival and 
                        properly manage tree genetic resources.
                    (B) Establish, improve, or expand a nursery or seed 
                orchard, including by acquiring equipment for such 
                nursery or seed orchard.
                    (C) Develop or implement quality control measures 
                at nurseries or seed orchards.
                    (D) Promote workforce development within any facet 
                of the reforestation pipeline.
                    (E) Carry out such other activity as the Secretary 
                determines appropriate.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Eligible recipient.--The term ``eligible recipient'' 
        means--
                    (A) a State forestry agency;
                    (B) an Indian Tribe;
                    (C) a private nursery that has experience growing 
                high-quality native trees of appropriate genetic 
                sources in bareroot or container stocktypes specific 
                for reforestation, restoration, or conservation, 
                including native plants and seeds that are of cultural 
                significance to Indian Tribes;
                    (D) an institution of higher education (as defined 
                in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 1001)); and
                    (E) a county or local government with a nursery or 
                seed orchard.
            (2) Nursery.--The term ``nursery'' means a tree or native 
        plant nursery.
            (3) Seed orchard.--The term ``seed orchard'' means a tree 
        or native plant seed orchard.
            (4) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several 
        States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 
        Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.

                     Subtitle D--Forest Management

               PART I--NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

SEC. 8401. CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION FOR HIGH PRIORITY HAZARD TREES.

    (a) Categorical Exclusion.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Secretary shall develop a 
        categorical exclusion (as defined in section 1508.4 of title 
        40, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation)) 
        for high priority hazard tree activities.
            (2) Administration.--In developing and administering the 
        categorical exclusion under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
        shall--
                    (A) comply with the National Environmental Policy 
                Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and
                    (B) apply the extraordinary circumstances 
                procedures under section 220.6 of title 36, Code of 
                Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), in 
                determining whether to use the categorical exclusion.
    (b) Project Size Limitations.--A project under this section may not 
exceed 3,000 acres.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) High-priority hazard tree.--The term ``high-priority 
        hazard tree'' means a standing tree that--
                    (A) presents a visible hazard to people or Federal 
                property due to conditions such as deterioration of or 
                damage to the root system, trunk, stem, or limbs of the 
                tree, or the direction or lean of the tree, as 
                determined by the Secretary;
                    (B) is determined by the Secretary to be highly 
                likely to fail and, if it failed, would be highly 
                likely to cause injury to people or damage to Federal 
                property; and
                    (C) is within 300 feet of a National Forest System 
                road with a maintenance level of 3, 4, or 5, a National 
                Forest System trail, or a developed recreation site on 
                National Forest System lands that is operated and 
                maintained by the Secretary.
            (2) High-priority hazard tree activities.--The term ``high 
        priority hazard tree activities''--
                    (A) means forest management activities that 
                mitigate the risks associated with high-priority hazard 
                trees, including pruning, felling, and disposal of 
                those trees; and
                    (B) does not include any activity--
                            (i) conducted in a wilderness area or 
                        wilderness study area;
                            (ii) for the construction of a permanent 
                        road or permanent trail;
                            (iii) conducted on Federal land on which, 
                        by Act of Congress or Presidential 
                        proclamation, the removal of vegetation is 
                        restricted or prohibited;
                            (iv) that would be inconsistent with the 
                        applicable land and resource management plan; 
                        or
                            (v) conducted in an inventoried roadless 
                        area.

SEC. 8402. COLLABORATIVE RESTORATION PROJECTS.

    Section 603(c)(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
(16 U.S.C. 6591b(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``3000 acres'' and 
inserting ``10,000 acres''.

SEC. 8403. WILDFIRE RESILIENCE PROJECT SIZE.

    Section 605(c)(1) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 
(16 U.S.C. 6591d(c)(1)) is amended by striking ``3000 acres'' and 
inserting ``10,000 acres''.

SEC. 8404. FUEL BREAKS IN FORESTS AND OTHER WILDLAND VEGETATION.

    Section 40806(d)(1) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act 
(16 U.S.C. 6592b(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``3,000 acres'' and 
inserting ``10,000 acres''.

SEC. 8405. GREATER SAGE-GROUSE AND MULE DEER HABITAT.

     Section 606 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 
U.S.C. 6591e) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A)--
                    (A) by striking clause (ii);
                    (B) by redesignating clauses (iii) through (vii) as 
                clauses (ii) through (vi), respectively; and
                    (C) in clause (iii), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``concurrently for both 
        greater sage-grouse and'' and inserting ``for greater sage-
        grouse or'';
            (3) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:
    ``(g) Limitation.--A covered vegetation management activity that is 
covered by the categorical exclusion under subsection (b) may not 
exceed 4,500 acres in a forested ecosystem or 7,500 acres in a 
rangeland ecosystem.''.

                 PART II--FOREST MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

SEC. 8411. NO ADDITIONAL CONSULTATION REQUIRED.

    (a) Forest Service Plans.--Section 6(d)(2) of the Forest and 
Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 
1604(d)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) No additional consultation required under certain 
        circumstances.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
        Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation 
        under section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 
        U.S.C. 1536(a)(2)) or section 402.16 of title 50, Code of 
        Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), on an approved 
        land management plan prepared, amended, or revised under this 
        section when, after the date of such approval, amendment, or 
        revision--
                    ``(A) a species is listed as a threatened or 
                endangered species under section 4 of the Endangered 
                Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533);
                    ``(B) a critical habitat for a threatened or 
                endangered species is designated under that section; or
                    ``(C) new information concerning a threatened or 
                endangered species or critical habitat for such a 
                species becomes available.''.
    (b) Bureau of Land Management Plans.--Section 202 of the Federal 
Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1712) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) No Additional Consultation Required Under Certain 
Circumstances.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation under 
section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 
1536(a)(2)) or section 402.16 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations 
(or a successor regulation), on an approved land management plan 
prepared, amended, or revised under this section when, after the date 
of such approval, amendment, or revision--
            ``(1) a species is listed as a threatened or endangered 
        species under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 
        (16 U.S.C. 1533);
            ``(2) a critical habitat for a threatened or endangered 
        species is designated under that section; or
            ``(3) new information concerning a threatened or endangered 
        species or critical habitat for such a species becomes 
        available.''.

SEC. 8412. GOOD NEIGHBOR AUTHORITY.

    (a) Treating Tribes and Counties as Good Neighbors.--Section 8206 
of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(6), by striking ``or Indian tribe'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``, Indian 
                tribe,'' after ``Governor'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking clause (i) and 
                inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--Funds received from the 
                        sale of timber by a Governor, an Indian tribe, 
                        or a county under a good neighbor agreement 
                        shall be retained and used by the Governor, 
                        Indian tribe, or county, as applicable--
                                    ``(I) to carry out authorized 
                                restoration services under the good 
                                neighbor agreement; and
                                    ``(II) if there are funds remaining 
                                after carrying out subclause (I), to 
                                carry out authorized restoration 
                                services under other good neighbor 
                                agreements.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, Indian 
                tribe,'' after ``Governor''; and
                    (D) by striking paragraph (4).
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act 
of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by inserting ``, Indian tribe,'' 
        after ``Governor''; and
            (2) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``, Indian tribe,'' 
        after ``Governor''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section apply to 
any project initiated pursuant to a good neighbor agreement (as defined 
in section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 
2113a(a)))--
            (1) before the date of enactment of this Act, if the 
        project was initiated after the date of enactment of the 
        Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115-334; 132 
        Stat. 4490); or
            (2) on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 8413. COLLABORATIVE FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PROGRAM.

    Section 4003 of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (16 
U.S.C. 7303) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``or 
                pathogens'' after ``species'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (H), by adding ``and'' after 
                the semicolon at the end; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(I) address standardized monitoring questions and 
                indicators;'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) proposals that seek to use innovative 
                implementation mechanisms, including conservation 
                finance agreements, good neighbor agreements entered 
                into under section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 
                (16 U.S.C. 2113a), and similar implementation 
                mechanisms; and
                    ``(H) proposals that seek to reduce the risk of 
                uncharacteristic wildfire or increase ecological 
                restoration activities--
                            ``(i) within areas across land ownerships, 
                        including State, Tribal, and private land; and
                            ``(ii) within the wildland-urban interface; 
                        and
                    ``(I) proposals that seek to enhance watershed 
                health and drinking water sources.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                        follows:
                    ``(A) 4 proposals in any 1 region of the National 
                Forest System to be funded during any fiscal year; 
                and'';
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                        subparagraph (B); and
            (3) in subsection (f)(6), by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
        and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 8414. PUBLIC-PRIVATE WILDFIRE TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT AND TESTBED 
              PARTNERSHIP.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Appropriate committees.--The term ``appropriate 
        committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committees on Agriculture, Natural 
                Resources, and Science, Space, and Technology of the 
                House of Representatives; and
                    (B) the Committees on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry, Energy and Natural Resources, and Commerce, 
                Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
            (2) Covered agency.--The term ``covered agency'' means--
                    (A) the National Park Service;
                    (B) the United States Fish and Wildlife Service;
                    (C) the Bureau of Land Management;
                    (D) the Bureau of Reclamation;
                    (E) the Forest Service;
                    (F) the Department of Defense;
                    (G) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                Administration;
                    (H) the United States Fire Administration;
                    (I) the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
                    (J) the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration;
                    (K) the Bureau of Indian Affairs; and
                    (L) any other Federal agency involved in wildfire 
                response.
            (3) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                    (A) a private entity;
                    (B) a nonprofit organization; or
                    (C) an institution of higher education (as defined 
                in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 1001)).
            (4) Secretaries.--The term ``Secretaries'' means the 
        Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior, 
        acting jointly.
            (5) Pilot program.--The term ``Pilot Program'' means the 
        deployment and testbed pilot program developed under subsection 
        (b).
    (b) Deployment and Testbed Pilot Program Established.--Not later 
than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretaries, in coordination with the heads of the covered agencies, 
shall establish a deployment and testbed pilot program for new and 
innovative wildfire prevention, detection, communication, and 
mitigation technologies.
    (c) Functions.--In carrying out the Pilot Program, the Secretaries 
shall--
            (1) incorporate the Pilot Program into an existing 
        interagency coordinating group on wildfires;
            (2) in consultation with the heads of covered agencies, 
        identify key technology priority areas with respect to the 
        deployment of wildfire prevention, detection, communication, 
        and mitigation technologies, including--
                    (A) hazardous fuels reduction treatments or 
                activities;
                    (B) dispatch communications;
                    (C) remote sensing and tracking;
                    (D) safety equipment; and
                    (E) common operating pictures or operational 
                dashboards; and
            (3) partner with each covered entity selected to 
        participate in the Pilot Program with the appropriate covered 
        agency to coordinate real-time and on-the-ground testing of 
        technology during wildland fire mitigation activities and 
        training.
    (d) Applications.--To participate in the Pilot Program, a covered 
entity shall submit to the Secretaries an application at such time, in 
such manner, and containing such information as the Secretaries may 
require, which shall include a proposal to test technologies specific 
to key technology priority areas identified under subsection (c)(2).
    (e) Prioritization of Emerging Technologies.--In selecting covered 
entities to participate in the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall 
give priority to covered entities developing and applying emerging 
technologies that address issues identified by the Secretaries, 
including artificial intelligence, quantum sensing, computing and 
quantum-hybrid applications, augmented reality, and 5G private networks 
and device-to-device communications supporting nomadic mesh networks, 
for wildfire mitigation.
    (f) Outreach.--The Secretaries, in coordination with the heads of 
the covered agencies, shall make publicly available the key technology 
priority areas identified under subsection (c)(2) and invite covered 
entities to apply to test and demonstrate their technologies to address 
those priority areas.
    (g) Reports and Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter for the 
duration of the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall submit to the 
appropriate committees a report that includes the following with 
respect to the Pilot Program:
            (1) A list of participating covered entities.
            (2) A brief description of the technologies tested by such 
        covered entities.
            (3) An estimate of the cost of acquiring the technology 
        tested in the program and applying it at scale.
            (4) Outreach efforts by Federal agencies to covered 
        entities developing wildfire technologies.
            (5) Assessments of, and recommendations relating to, new 
        technologies with potential adoption and application at-scale 
        in Federal land management agencies' wildfire prevention, 
        detection, communication, and mitigation efforts.
    (h) Termination.--The Pilot Program shall expire on September 30, 
2029.

SEC. 8415. FOREST SERVICE PARTICIPATION IN EXPERIENCED SERVICES 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 8302 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 3851a) is 
amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``aces'' and 
        inserting ``experienced services'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``(a) In General.--'';
                    (B) by striking ``Agriculture Conservation''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``, professional, or 
                administrative'' after ``technical''; and
            (3) by striking subsection (b).

SEC. 8416. TIMBER SALES ON NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LAND.

    Section 14 of the National Forest Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 
472a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d) by striking ``$10,000'' and inserting 
        ``$50,000''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) In the event of extreme risks to a unit of National Forest 
System land, including catastrophic wildfire, insect and disease 
outbreak, wind, hurricane, flood, drought, or to avoid impacts from 
such extreme events, the Secretary may, without an appraisal and under 
such rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary, dispose of by 
sale or otherwise, portions of trees, or forest products located on 
such unit of National Forest System lands.''.

SEC. 8417. PERMITS AND AGREEMENTS WITH ELECTRICAL UTILITIES.

    (a) In General.--In any special use permit or easement on National 
Forest System lands provided to an electric utility company (as defined 
in section 1262 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16451)) the 
Secretary may provide permission to cut and remove trees or other 
vegetation from within the vicinity of distribution lines or 
transmission lines, including hazardous vegetation that increases fire 
risk, without requiring a separate timber sale if that cutting and 
removal is consistent with the applicable land management plan.
    (b) Use of Proceeds.--A special use permit or easement that 
includes permission for the cutting and removal of trees or other 
vegetation described in subsection (a), shall include a requirement 
that, if the applicable electrical utility sells any portion of the 
material removed under the permit or easement, the electrical utility 
shall provide to the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest 
Service, any proceeds received from the sale, less any transportation 
costs incurred in the sale.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to require the sale of any material removed under a special 
use permit or easement that includes permission for the cutting and 
removal of trees or other vegetation described in subsection (a).

SEC. 8418. COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FOR PRESCRIBED FIRE.

    (a) Authority to Enter Into Agreements and Contracts for Prescribed 
Fire.--
            (1) Authorization.--The Secretary, the Secretary of the 
        Interior, and the Secretary of Defense may each enter into a 
        cooperative agreement or contract with an eligible entity, for 
        a period of less than or equal to 10 years, that authorizes the 
        eligible entity to coordinate, plan, or conduct a prescribed 
        fire on Federal land or to conduct a prescribed fire training 
        event.
            (2) Subcontracts.--A State, Indian Tribe, or county that 
        enters into a cooperative agreement or contract under paragraph 
        (1) may enter into a subcontract, in accordance with applicable 
        contracting procedures of the State, Indian Tribe, or county, 
        to conduct a prescribed fire on Federal land or to conduct a 
        prescribed fire training event pursuant to that cooperative 
        agreement or contract.
            (3) Applicable law.--A prescribed fire conducted under this 
        subsection shall be carried out on a project-by-project basis 
        under existing authorities of the applicable Federal agency 
        responsible for the management of the Federal land.
            (4) Preservation of decision authority.--An eligible entity 
        may not carry out a project authorized under this subsection 
        pursuant to a cooperative agreement or contract without the 
        prior written approval of each Secretary that entered in to 
        such cooperative agreement or contract.
            (5) Definition of eligible entity.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``eligible entity'' means a State, Indian Tribe, county or 
        local government, Department of Defense military installation 
        (as defined in section 2801(c) of title 10, United States 
        Code), fire district, nongovernmental organization, or private 
        entity.
    (b) Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004 Amendments.--The Tribal 
Forest Protection Act of 2004 (25 U.S.C. 3115a et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 3. TRIBAL PRESCRIBED BURN DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary may enter into a contract or 
agreement with an Indian tribe under this Act that provides for 
prescribed burns on Federal land under the additional authorities 
provided in this section.
    ``(b) Scope of Contract or Agreement.--Contracts or agreements 
entered into under this section may, notwithstanding any other 
provision of law--
            ``(1) utilize burn plans that, once approved by the 
        Secretary, allow multiple prescribed burns to be conducted in 
        accordance with the burn plan to eliminate the need for 
        individual burn plans for each prescribed burn and enable 
        forest managers to have the flexibility to conduct prescribed 
        burns when conditions allow; and
            ``(2) include terms that--
                    ``(A) authorize the Secretary to delegate their 
                authority to an Indian tribe to plan, coordinate, and 
                execute prescribed burns on the behalf of the Secretary 
                within the scope of the burn plan including, but not 
                limited to, applying the National Wildfire Coordinating 
                Group standards for Prescribed Fire Planning and 
                Implementation, to the extent authorized by Federal 
                law;
                    ``(B) any applicable Federal standard that requires 
                a certain number of personnel to be on-hand during 
                prescribed burns may be satisfied by regional Federal, 
                State, or tribal resources and personnel; and
                    ``(C) where appropriate, the Secretary shall work 
                with other Federal agencies and Tribal, State, and 
                local governments to coordinate and communicate the 
                shared objectives of the prescribed burn and ensure 
                activities comply with applicable law and 
                regulations.''.
    (c) Cooperative Funds and Deposits Act Amendments.--Public Law 94-
148 is amended--
            (1) in section 1 (16 U.S.C. 565a-1), by inserting 
        ``prescribed fire and prescribed fire training events,'' after 
        ``including fire protection,''; and
            (2) in section 2 (16 U.S.C. 565a-2), by inserting ``, 
        section 3 of the Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004, or 
        section 8418(a) of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 
        2024'' after ``authorized by section 1''.

SEC. 8419. UTILIZING GRAZING FOR WILDFIRE RISK REDUCTION.

    The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, in 
coordination with holders of permits to graze livestock on Federal 
land, shall develop a strategy to increase opportunities to utilize 
livestock grazing and associated rangeland improvements as a wildfire 
risk reduction strategy, including--
            (1) completing the reviews required under the National 
        Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)) to 
        allow permitted grazing on vacant grazing allotments during 
        instances of drought, wildfire, or other natural disasters that 
        disrupt grazing on allotments already permitted;
            (2) using targeted grazing;
            (3) increasing the use of all instruments applicable to 
        grazing, including temporary permits, to promote targeted 
        grazing to reduce fuels and invasive annual grasses; and
            (4) increasing the use of grazing as a postfire recovery 
        and restoration strategy, where appropriate.

SEC. 8420. JOINT CHIEFS LANDSCAPE RESTORATION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

    Section 40808 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)(2), by inserting ``and at least once 
        every 2 fiscal years thereafter'' after ``and 2023''; and
            (2) in subsection (h)(1), by striking ``and 2023'' and 
        inserting ``through 2029''.

SEC. 8421. TRIBAL FOREST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TECHNICAL CORRECTION.

    Section 8703 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 is 
amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``demonstration project'' 
        and inserting ``program''; and
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``demonstration projects 
        by'' and inserting ``a program under''.

                      PART III--TIMBER INNOVATION

SEC. 8431. COMMUNITY WOOD FACILITIES PROGRAM.

    Section 9013 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8113) is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``community wood energy and 
        wood innovation program'' and inserting ``community wood 
        facilities program'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), in the matter 
                preceding subclause (I) by striking ``woody biomass, 
                including residuals'' and inserting ``primarily forest 
                biomass, including processing or manufacturing 
                residuals''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Community Wood 
                Energy and Wood Innovation Program'' and inserting 
                ``Community Wood Facilities Program'';
            (3) in subsection (b), by striking ``to be known as'' and 
        all that follows through the period at the end and inserting 
        ``to be known as the `Community Wood Facilities Program'.'';
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``exceed--'' in the 
        matter preceding paragraph (1) and all that follows through the 
        period at the end of paragraph (2) and inserting ``exceed 
        $5,000,000.'';
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (1);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as 
                (1) through (7), respectively; and
                    (C) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated, by 
                inserting ``or market competitiveness'' after ``cost 
                effectiveness'';
            (6) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (2);
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                    (C) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated, by 
                striking ``use or retrofitting (or both) of existing 
                sawmill'' and inserting ``construction, use or 
                retrofitting of forest products manufacturing'';
            (7) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``5 megawatts of 
                thermal energy or combined thermal and electric 
                energy'' and inserting ``15 megawatts of thermal energy 
                or combined thermal and electric energy''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``25 percent'' 
                and inserting ``50 percent''; and
            (8) in subsection (h), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 8432. WOOD INNOVATION GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) Application to Transportation Costs.--Section 8643(b)(1) of the 
Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(b)(1)) is amended 
by inserting ``, including the construction of new facilities that 
advance the purposes of the program and for the hauling of material 
removed to reduce hazardous fuels to locations where that material can 
be utilized'' before the period at the end.
    (b) Targeting to Support Economic Development, Enhanced Building 
Design, and Impact Assessment.--Section 8643(c) of the Agriculture 
Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(c)) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(c) Targeting to Support Economic Development, Enhanced Building 
Design, and Impact Assessment.--In selecting among proposals of 
eligible entities under subsection (b)(2), the Secretary may give 
priority to proposals for projects that--
            ``(1) include the use or retrofitting (or both) of existing 
        sawmill facilities located in counties in which the average 
        annual unemployment rate exceeded the national average 
        unemployment rate by more than 1 percent in the previous 
        calendar year;
            ``(2) recognize or enhance carbon reduction strategies in 
        building design and interior wood products, including forest 
        impacts, which can be improved or by North American 
        manufacturing; or
            ``(3) includes in the proposal of the entity an analysis of 
        the benefits that forest management under the proposal will 
        have on the resilience and economy of the community, including 
        benefits associated with--
                    ``(A) wood products from anticipated wood supply 
                areas;
                    ``(B) wildfire risk reduction;
                    ``(C) increased fiber flow;
                    ``(D) the increase of forest or mill jobs; and
                    ``(E) support for forested communities.''.
    (c) Matching Requirement.--Section 8643(d) of the Agriculture 
Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d(d)) is amended by inserting 
``50 percent of'' before ``the amount''.

SEC. 8433. FOREST AND WOOD PRODUCTS DATA TRACKER.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the 
Forest Service, in collaboration with the Chief of the Natural 
Resources Conservation Service and in consultation with federally-
recognized Indian Tribes, State foresters, and private sector partners, 
shall establish a publicly available platform to provide measurement, 
monitoring, verification, and reporting data regarding the carbon 
emissions, sequestration, storage, and related atmospheric impacts of 
forest management and wood products.
    (b) Activities.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall source data, information, and data analysis from Department 
programs and interagency programs, including--
            (1) the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, including 
        the Timber Products Output survey;
            (2) Forest Service and Natural Resources Conservation 
        Service soil carbon estimations;
            (3) the Forest Products Laboratory;
            (4) the Federal Life Cycle Assessment Commons;
            (5) Department entity level guidelines; and
            (6) other relevant programmatic data and information 
        sources, as published and made available.
    (c) Priorities.--The platform established by subsection (a) shall 
provide tools that calculate--
            (1) the above- and below-ground forest carbon stocks and 
        stock changes associated with species composition, forest 
        management regime, and landowner types (including small area 
        estimations for regional and localized geographies across the 
        United States) made available through Forest Inventory and 
        Analysis updates and annual reports;
            (2) the embodied carbon involved in the manufacture of 
        products, using data from published environmental product 
        declarations and life cycle assessments, updated as new and 
        more refined data becomes available;
            (3) the long-term stored carbon in manufactured timber 
        products; and
            (4) the carbon displacement of wood products, compared to 
        other materials, using substitution factors.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to provide authority with respect to the generation, consumption, or 
trading of carbon or environmental credits from National Forest System 
lands in any voluntary or compliance environmental markets.

SEC. 8434. BIOCHAR APPLICATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Biochar.--The term ``biochar'' means carbonized biomass 
        produced by converting feedstock through reductive thermal 
        processing with limited oxygen for non-fuel uses.
            (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) an individual;
                    (B) a public or private entity; or
                    (C) a State, local, or Tribal government.
            (3) Feedstock.--The term ``feedstock'' means excess woody 
        and agricultural biomass in the form of plant matter or 
        materials that serves as the raw material for the production of 
        biochar.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary, 
        acting through the Chief of the Forest Service.
    (b) Biochar Application Demonstration Projects.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall conduct 
        performance-driven research and development, education, 
        technical assistance, outreach, and demonstration projects for 
        the purpose of facilitating the use of biochar, developing 
        additional biochar applications, and commercializing biochar in 
        accordance with this subsection.
            (2) Location of demonstration projects.--The Secretary 
        shall, to the maximum extent practicable, establish a biochar 
        application demonstration project in each Forest Service 
        region.
            (3) Activities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall--
                    (A) conduct research and development, education, 
                technical assistance, outreach, and demonstration 
                projects--
                            (i) in close coordination with the Forest 
                        Products Lab after receipt of input from the 
                        forest products industry, conservation 
                        organizations, and institutions of higher 
                        education; and
                            (ii) that meets measurable performance 
                        goals for the achievement of the priorities 
                        described in paragraph (4); and
                    (B) enter into partnerships and provide financial 
                and technical assistance to carry out demonstration 
                projects with eligible entities that ---
                            (i) acquire and test various feedstocks and 
                        their efficacy;
                            (ii) develop and optimize commercially and 
                        technologically viable biochar production 
                        units, including mobile and permanent units;
                            (iii) demonstrate the production of biochar 
                        from forest residues and the use of biochar to 
                        restore forest health and resiliency;
                            (iv) build, expand, or establish biochar 
                        facilities;
                            (v) conduct research on new and innovative 
                        uses of biochar or demonstrate cost-effective 
                        market opportunities for biochar and biochar-
                        based products;
                            (vi) carry out any activities the Secretary 
                        determines appropriate that meet the measurable 
                        performance goals for the achievement of 
                        priorities described in paragraph (4).
            (4) Priorities.--The research and development, education, 
        technical assistance, outreach, and demonstration projects 
        conducted under paragraph (1) shall give priority to--
                    (A) projects to improve the commercialization of 
                biochar and create the greatest potential for long-term 
                market growth;
                    (B) projects that create new jobs and contribute to 
                local economies, particularly in rural areas;
                    (C) projects demonstrating--
                            (i) new and innovative applications of 
                        biochar;
                            (ii) viable markets for cost-effective 
                        biochar-based products;
                            (iii) economic viability of production and 
                        markets;
                            (iv) the ecosystem services of biochar;
                            (v) the benefits of biochar to restore 
                        forest heath and resiliency, including for 
                        forest soils and watersheds;
                            (vi) have the most carbon sequestration 
                        potential; or
                            (vii) any combination of purposes specified 
                        in clauses (i) through (vi); or
                    (D) projects located in local markets that have the 
                greatest need for the biochar production units--
                            (i) near forestlands identified as having 
                        high or very high or extreme risk of wildfire, 
                        forestlands experiencing significant die off 
                        due to insects and diseases, forestlands 
                        impacted by extreme weather events, or 
                        forestlands needing soil or water quality 
                        remediation;
                            (ii) near sufficient quantities of 
                        feedstocks; or
                            (iii) where a high level of demand for 
                        biochar or other commercial byproducts of 
                        biochar exists.
    (c) Feedstock Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, a 
biochar application demonstration project under this subsection shall 
derive such feedstock from forest thinning and management activities 
conducted for science-based restoration on National Forest System 
lands, and other Federal, State, Tribal, and private forestlands, 
including mill residuals.
    (d) Timeframe.--To the maximum extent practicable, the measurable 
performance goals for the research and development, education, 
technical assistance, and demonstration projects conducted under 
subsection (a) shall be achievable within a 5-year timeframe.
    (e) Funding.--
            (1) Limitation.--In the case of an eligible entity that 
        enters into a partnership to carry out a demonstration project 
        under this section and seeks to establish a biochar facility 
        under such demonstration project, the Secretary may not provide 
        funding to such eligible entity in an amount greater than 35 
        percent of the capital cost of establishing such biochar 
        facility.
            (2) Funding source.--Funds made available to carry out the 
        wood innovation grant program under section 8643 of the 
        Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7655d) may also 
        be used to carry out this section.

                     Subtitle E--Save Our Sequoias

SEC. 8501. SHORT TITLE.

    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Save Our Sequoias Act''.

SEC. 8502. DEFINITIONS.

    In this subtitle:
            (1) Assessment.--The term ``Assessment'' means the Giant 
        Sequoia Health and Resiliency Assessment required by section 
        8505.
            (2) Coalition.--The term ``Coalition'' means the Giant 
        Sequoia Lands Coalition codified under section 8504(a).
            (3) Collaborative process.--The term ``collaborative 
        process'' means a process relating to the management of covered 
        National Forest system lands or covered public lands by which a 
        project or forest management activity is developed and 
        implemented by the Secretary concerned through collaboration 
        with multiple interested persons representing diverse 
        interests.
            (4) Covered national forest system lands.--The term 
        ``covered National Forest System lands'' means the proclaimed 
        National Forest System lands reserved or withdrawn from the 
        public domain of the United States covering the Sequoia 
        National Forest and Giant Sequoia National Monument, Sierra 
        National Forest, and Tahoe National Forest.
            (5) Covered public lands.--The term ``covered public 
        lands'' means--
                    (A) the Case Mountain Extensive Recreation 
                Management Area in California managed by the Bureau of 
                Land Management; and
                    (B) Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia National 
                Park, and Yosemite National Park in California managed 
                by the National Park Service.
            (6) Giant sequoia.--The term ``giant sequoia'' means a tree 
        of the species Sequoiadendron giganteum.
            (7) Grove-specific hazardous fuels reduction plan.--The 
        term ``grove-specific hazardous fuels reduction plan'' means a 
        plan developed by the applicable land management agency prior 
        to conducting an analysis under the National Environmental 
        Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) to address hazardous fuels 
        in 1 or more giant sequoia groves.
            (8) Protection project.--The term ``Protection Project'' 
        means a Giant Sequoia Protection Project carried out under 
        section 8506.
            (9) Reforestation.--The term ``reforestation'' means the 
        act of renewing tree cover, taking into consideration species 
        composition and resilience, by establishing young trees through 
        natural regeneration, artificial or natural regeneration with 
        site preparation, planting or direct seeding, or vegetation 
        competition control following artificial or natural 
        regeneration.
            (10) Rehabilitation.--The term ``rehabilitation'' means any 
        action taken during the 5-year period beginning on the last day 
        of a wildland fire to repair or improve fire-impacted lands 
        which are unlikely to recover to management-approved 
        conditions.
            (11) Relevant congressional committees.--The term 
        ``relevant Congressional Committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committees on Natural Resources, 
                Agriculture, and Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (B) the Committees on Energy and Natural Resources, 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, and 
                Appropriations of the Senate.
            (12) Responsible official.--The term ``responsible 
        official'' means an employee of the Department of the Interior 
        or Forest Service who has the authority to make and implement a 
        decision on a proposed action.
            (13) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of the Interior.
            (14) Secretary concerned.--The term ``Secretary concerned'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to 
                covered National Forest System lands, or their 
                designee; and
                    (B) the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to 
                covered public lands, or their designee.
            (15) Strategy.--The term ``Strategy'' means the Giant 
        Sequoia Reforestation and Rehabilitation Strategy established 
        under section 8507.
            (16) Strike team.--The term ``Strike Team'' means a Giant 
        Sequoia Strike Team established under section 8508.
            (17) Tribe.--The term ``Tribe'' means the Tule River Indian 
        Tribe of the Tule River Reservation, California.

SEC. 8503. SHARED STEWARDSHIP AGREEMENT FOR GIANT SEQUOIAS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after receiving a request 
from the Governor of the State of California or the Tribe, the 
Secretary shall enter into or expand an existing shared stewardship 
agreement or enter into a similar agreement with the Secretary, the 
Governor of the State of California, and the Tribe to jointly carry out 
the short-term and long-term management and conservation of giant 
sequoias.
    (b) Participation.--
            (1) In general.--If the Secretary has not received a 
        request from the Governor of the State of California or the 
        Tribe under subsection (a) before the date that is 90 days 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
        enter into the agreement under subsection (a) and jointly 
        implement such agreement with the Secretary.
            (2) Future participation.--If the Secretary receives a 
        request from the Governor of the State of California or the 
        Tribe any time after entering into the agreement with the 
        Secretary under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall accept the 
        Governor of the State of California or the Tribe as a party to 
        such agreement.

SEC. 8504. GIANT SEQUOIA LANDS COALITION.

    (a) Codification.--The Coalition is the entity established under 
the charter titled ``Giant Sequoia Lands Coalition Charter'' (or 
successor charter) signed during the period beginning June 2, 2022 and 
ending August 2, 2022 by each of the following:
            (1) The National Park Service, representing Sequoia and 
        Kings Canyon National Parks.
            (2) The National Park Service, representing Yosemite 
        National Park.
            (3) The Forest Service, representing Sequoia National 
        Forest and Giant Sequoia National Monument.
            (4) The Forest Service, representing Sierra National 
        Forest.
            (5) The Forest Service, representing Tahoe National Forest.
            (6) The Bureau of Land Management, representing Case 
        Mountain Extensive Recreation Management Area.
            (7) The Tribe, representing the Tule River Indian 
        Reservation.
            (8) The State of California, representing Calaveras Big 
        Trees State Park.
            (9) The State of California, representing Mountain Home 
        Demonstration State Forest.
            (10) The University of California, Berkeley, representing 
        Whitaker's Research Forest.
            (11) The County of Tulare, California, representing Balch 
        Park.
    (b) Duties.--In addition to the duties specified in the charter 
referenced in subsection (a), the Coalition shall--
            (1) produce the Assessment under section 8505;
            (2) observe implementation, and provide policy 
        recommendations to the Secretary concerned, with respect to--
                    (A) Protection Projects carried out under section 
                8506; and
                    (B) the Strategy established under section 8507;
            (3) facilitate collaboration and coordination on Protection 
        Projects, particularly projects that cross jurisdictional 
        boundaries;
            (4) facilitate information sharing, including best 
        available science as described in section 8505(c) and mapping 
        resources; and
            (5) support the development and dissemination of 
        educational materials and programs that inform the public about 
        the threats to the health and resiliency of giant sequoia 
        groves and actions being taken to reduce the risk to such 
        groves from high-severity wildfire, insects, and drought.
    (c) Administrative Support, Technical Services, and Staff 
Support.--The Secretary shall make personnel of the Department of the 
Interior available to the Coalition for administrative support, 
technical services, development and dissemination of educational 
materials, and staff support that the Secretary determines necessary to 
carry out this section.

SEC. 8505. GIANT SEQUOIA HEALTH AND RESILIENCY ASSESSMENT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Coalition shall submit to the relevant 
Congressional Committees a Giant Sequoia Health and Resiliency 
Assessment that, based on the best available science--
            (1) identifies--
                    (A) each giant sequoia grove that has experienced 
                a--
                            (i) stand-replacing disturbance; or
                            (ii) disturbance but continues to have 
                        living giant sequoias within the grove, 
                        including identifying the tree mortality and 
                        regeneration of giant sequoias within such 
                        grove;
                    (B) each giant sequoia grove that is at high risk 
                of experiencing a stand-replacing disturbance;
                    (C) lands located near giant sequoia groves that 
                are at risk of experiencing high-severity wildfires 
                that could adversely impact such giant sequoia groves; 
                and
                    (D) each giant sequoia grove that has experienced a 
                disturbance and is unlikely to naturally regenerate and 
                is in need of reforestation;
            (2) analyzes the resiliency of each giant sequoia grove to 
        threats, such as--
                    (A) high-severity wildfire;
                    (B) insects, including beetle kill; and
                    (C) drought;
            (3) with respect to Protection Projects, proposes a list of 
        highest priority Protection Projects to be carried out under 
        section 8506, giving priority to projects located on lands 
        identified under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection 
        (a)(1);
            (4) examines how historical, Tribal, or current approaches 
        to wildland fire suppression and forest management activities 
        across various jurisdictions have impacted the health and 
        resiliency of giant sequoia groves with respect to--
                    (A) high-severity wildfires;
                    (B) insects, including beetle kill; and
                    (C) drought; and
            (5) includes program and policy recommendations that 
        address--
                    (A) Federal and State policies that impede 
                activities to improve the health and resiliency of 
                giant sequoias and proposed policy changes to address 
                such impediments;
                    (B) new Federal and State policies necessary to 
                increase the pace and scale of treatments that improve 
                the health and resiliency of giant sequoias;
                    (C) options to enhance communication, coordination, 
                and collaboration, particularly for cross-boundary 
                projects, to improve the health and resiliency of giant 
                sequoias; and
                    (D) research gaps that should be addressed to 
                improve the best available science on the giant 
                sequoias.
    (b) Annual Updates.--Not later than 1 year after the submission of 
the Assessment under subsection (a), and annually thereafter, the 
Coalition shall submit an updated Assessment to the relevant 
Congressional Committees that--
            (1) includes any new data, information, or best available 
        science that has changed or become available since the previous 
        Assessment was submitted;
            (2) with respect to Protection Projects--
                    (A) includes information on the number of 
                Protection Projects initiated the previous year and the 
                estimated timeline for completing those projects;
                    (B) includes information on the number of 
                Protection Projects planned in the upcoming year and 
                the estimated timeline for completing those projects;
                    (C) provides status updates and long-term 
                monitoring reports on giant sequoia groves after the 
                completion of Protection Projects;
                    (D) if the Secretary concerned failed to reduce 
                hazardous fuels in at least 3 giant sequoia groves in 
                the previous year, a written explanation that 
                includes--
                            (i) a detailed explanation of what 
                        impediments resulted in failing to reduce 
                        hazardous fuels in at least 3 giant sequoia 
                        groves;
                            (ii) a detailed explanation of what actions 
                        the Secretary concerned is taking to ensure 
                        that hazardous fuels are reduced in at least 3 
                        giant sequoia groves the following year; and
                            (iii) recommendations to Congress on any 
                        policies that need to be changed to assist the 
                        Secretary concerned in reducing hazardous fuels 
                        in giant sequoia groves; and
            (3) with respect to reforestation and rehabilitation of 
        giant sequoias--
                    (A) contains updates on the implementation of the 
                Strategy under section 8507, including grove-level data 
                on reforestation and rehabilitation activities; and
                    (B) provides status updates and monitoring reports 
                on giant sequoia groves that have experienced natural 
                or artificial regeneration as part of the Strategy 
                under section 8507.
    (c) Dashboard.--
            (1) Requirement to maintain.--The Coalition shall create 
        and maintain a website that--
                    (A) publishes the Assessment, annual updates to the 
                Assessment, and other educational materials developed 
                by the Coalition;
                    (B) contains searchable information about 
                individual giant sequoia groves, including the--
                            (i) resiliency of such groves to threats 
                        described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of 
                        subsection (a);
                            (ii) Protection Projects that have been 
                        proposed, initiated, or completed in such 
                        groves; and
                            (iii) reforestation and rehabilitation 
                        activities that have been proposed, initiated, 
                        or completed in such groves; and
                    (C) maintains a searchable database to track--
                            (i) the status of Federal environmental 
                        reviews and authorizations for specific 
                        Protection Projects and reforestation and 
                        rehabilitation activities; and
                            (ii) the projected cost of Protection 
                        Projects and reforestation and rehabilitation 
                        activities.
            (2) Searchable database.--The Coalition shall include 
        information on the status of Protection Projects in the 
        searchable database created under paragraph (1)(C), including--
                    (A) a comprehensive permitting timetable;
                    (B) the status of the compliance of each lead 
                agency, cooperating agency, and participating agency 
                with the permitting timetable;
                    (C) any modifications of the permitting timetable 
                required under subparagraph (A), including an 
                explanation as to why the permitting timetable was 
                modified; and
                    (D) information about project-related public 
                meetings, public hearings, and public comment periods, 
                which shall be presented in English and the predominant 
                language of the community or communities most affected 
                by the project, as that information becomes available.
    (d) Best Available Science.--In utilizing the best available 
science for the Assessment, the Coalition shall include--
            (1) data and peer-reviewed research from academic 
        institutions with a demonstrated history of studying giant 
        sequoias and with experience analyzing distinct management 
        strategies to improve giant sequoia resiliency;
            (2) traditional ecological knowledge from the Tribe related 
        to improving the health and resiliency of giant sequoia groves; 
        and
            (3) data from Federal, State, Tribal, and local governments 
        or agencies.
    (e) Technology Improvements.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary may enter into memorandums of understanding or agreements 
with other Federal agencies or departments, State or local governments, 
Tribal governments, private entities, or academic institutions to 
improve, with respect to the Assessment, the use and integration of--
            (1) advanced remote sensing and geospatial technologies;
            (2) statistical modeling and analysis; or
            (3) any other technology the Secretary determines will 
        benefit the quality of information used in the Assessment.
    (f) Planning.--The Coalition shall make information from this 
Assessment available to the Secretary concerned and State of California 
to integrate into the--
            (1) State of California's Wildfire and Forest Resilience 
        Action Plan;
            (2) Forest Service's 10-year Wildfire Crisis Strategy (or 
        successor plan); and
            (3) Department of the Interior's Wildfire Risk Five-Year 
        Monitoring, Maintenance, and Treatment Plan (or successor 
        plan).
    (g) Relation to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.--The 
development and submission of the Assessment under subsection (a) shall 
not be subject to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

SEC. 8506. GIANT SEQUOIA EMERGENCY RESPONSE.

    (a) Emergency Response to Protect Giant Sequoias.--
            (1) In general.--
                    (A) Emergency determination.--Congress determines 
                that--
                            (i) an emergency exists on covered public 
                        lands and covered National Forest System lands 
                        that makes it necessary to carry out Protection 
                        Projects that take needed actions to respond to 
                        the threat of wildfires, insects, and drought 
                        to giant sequoias; and
                            (ii) Protection Projects are necessary to 
                        control the immediate impacts of the emergency 
                        described in clause (i) and are needed to 
                        mitigate harm to life, property, or important 
                        natural or cultural resources on covered public 
                        lands and covered National Forest System lands.
                    (B) Application.--The emergency determination 
                established under subparagraph (A) shall apply to all 
                covered public lands and covered National Forest System 
                lands.
                    (C) Expiration.--The emergency determination 
                established under subparagraph (A) shall expire on the 
                date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of 
                this Act.
            (2) Implementation.--While the emergency determination 
        established under subsection (a) is in effect, the following 
        shall apply:
                    (A) The following shall have the force and effect 
                of law:
                            (i) Section 220.4(b) of title 36, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations (as in effect July 21, 
                        2022), with respect to covered National Forest 
                        System lands.
                            (ii) Section 46.150 of title 43, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations (as in effect October 12, 
                        2022), with respect to covered public lands.
                            (iii) Section 402.05 of title 50, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations (as in effect July 21, 
                        2022), with respect to covered National Forest 
                        System lands and covered public lands.
                            (iv) Section 800.12 of title 36, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations (as in effect July 21, 
                        2022), with respect to covered National Forest 
                        System lands and covered public lands.
                    (B) A responsible official may carry out a 
                Protection Project described by paragraph (4) before 
                initiating--
                            (i) an analysis under section 102 of the 
                        National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
                        U.S.C. 4332);
                            (ii) consultation under section 7 of the 
                        Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 
                        1536); and
                            (iii) consultation under section 106 of the 
                        National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 
                        470(f)).
                    (C) The rules established under subsections (d) and 
                (e) of section 40807 of the Infrastructure Investment 
                and Jobs Act (16 U.S.C. 6592c(d) and (e)) shall apply 
                with respect to Protection Projects by substituting 
                ``Protection Projects'' for ``authorized emergency 
                action under this section'' each place it appears in 
                such subsections.
                    (D) Protection Projects shall be subject to the 
                requirements of section 106 of title I of the Healthy 
                Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6511 et 
                seq.).
            (3) Protection projects.--The responsible official shall 
        carry out the following forest management activities, 
        consistent with applicable grove-specific hazardous fuels 
        reduction plans or activities recommend by the Assessment under 
        section 8505, as Protection Projects under the emergency 
        determination under this section:
                    (A) Conducting hazardous fuels management, 
                including mechanical thinning, mastication, and 
                prescribed burning.
                    (B) Removing hazard trees, dead trees, dying trees, 
                or trees at risk of dying, as determined by the 
                responsible official.
                    (C) Removing trees to address overstocking or 
                crowding in a forest stand, consistent with the 
                appropriate basal area of the forest stand as 
                determined by the responsible official.
                    (D) Activities included in the applicable grove-
                specific hazardous fuels reduction plan.
                    (E) Using chemical treatments to address insects 
                and disease and control vegetation competition.
                    (F) Any combination of activities described in this 
                paragraph.
            (4) Requirements.--
                    (A) In general.--Protection Projects carried out 
                under paragraph (3) and reforestation and 
                rehabilitation activities carried out under this Act 
                that are described by subparagraph (D) are a category 
                of actions hereby designated as being categorically 
                excluded from the preparation of an environmental 
                assessment or an environmental impact statement under 
                section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 
                1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332).
                    (B) Availability.--The Secretary concerned shall 
                use the categorical exclusion established under 
                subparagraph (A) in accordance with this section.
                    (C) Interagency cooperation.--Congress finds that 
                Protection Projects carried out under this section are 
                consistent with improving the health and resiliency of 
                critical habitat for threatened and endangered species, 
                including the Pacific fisher and California spotted 
                owl.
                    (D) Requirements.--A Protection Project or 
                reforestation or rehabilitation activity is described 
                by this subparagraph if such Protection Project or 
                reforestation or rehabilitation activity--
                            (i) covers an area of no more than--
                                    (I) 2,000 acres within giant 
                                sequoia groves where a grove-specific 
                                hazardous fuels reduction plan has been 
                                developed by the relevant land 
                                management agency or on lands 
                                identified under section 8505(a)(1)(B); 
                                and
                                    (II) 3,000 acres on lands 
                                identified under section 8505(a)(1)(C); 
                                and
                            (ii) was--
                                    (I) proposed by the Assessment 
                                under section 8505(a)(3);
                                    (II) developed through a 
                                collaborative process; or
                                    (III) proposed by a resource 
                                advisory committee (as defined in 
                                section 201 of the Secure Rural Schools 
                                and Community Self-Determination Act of 
                                2000 (16 U.S.C. 7121)); and
                            (iii) occurs on Federal land or non-Federal 
                        land with the consent of the non-Federal 
                        landowner.
                    (E) Use of other authorities.--To the maximum 
                extent practicable, the Secretary concerned shall use 
                the authorities provided under this section in 
                combination with other authorities to carry out 
                Protection Projects, including--
                            (i) good neighbor agreements entered into 
                        under section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 
                        2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a); and
                            (ii) stewardship contracting projects 
                        entered into under section 604 of the Healthy 
                        Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 
                        6591c).
                    (F) Savings clause.--With respect to joint 
                Protection Projects and reforestation and 
                rehabilitation activities involving the Tribe, nothing 
                in this section shall be construed to add any 
                additional regulatory requirements onto the Tribe.
    (b) Implementation.--To the maximum extent practicable, the 
Secretary concerned shall reduce hazardous fuels in no fewer than 3 
giant sequoia groves each year.

SEC. 8507. GIANT SEQUOIA REFORESTATION AND REHABILITATION STRATEGY.

    (a) Reforestation and Rehabilitation Strategy.--
    (1) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
Coalition, shall develop and implement a strategy, to be known as the 
Giant Sequoia Reforestation and Rehabilitation Strategy, to enhance the 
reforestation and rehabilitation of giant sequoia groves that--
    (A) identifies giant sequoia groves in need of natural or 
artificial regeneration, giving highest priority to groves identified 
under section 8505(a)(1)(A)(i);
    (B) creates a priority list of reforestation and rehabilitation 
activities;
    (C) identifies and addresses--
    (i) barriers to reforestation or rehabilitation including--
    (I) regulatory and funding barriers;
    (II) seedling shortages or related nursery infrastructure capacity 
constraints;
    (III) labor and workforce shortages;
    (IV) technology and science gaps; and
    (V) site preparation challenges;
    (ii) potential public-private partnership opportunities to complete 
high-priority reforestation or rehabilitation projects;
    (iii) a timeline for addressing the backlog of reforestation for 
giant sequoias in the 10-year period after the agreement is entered 
into under section 8503; and
    (iv) strategies to ensure genetic diversity across giant sequoia 
groves; and
    (D) includes program and policy recommendations needed to improve 
the efficiency or effectiveness of the Strategy.
    (2) Assessment.--The Secretary may incorporate the Strategy into 
the Assessment under section 8505.
    (b) Priority Reforestation Projects Amendment.--Section 
3(e)(4)(C)(ii)(I) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 
Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1601(e)(4)(C)(ii)(I)) is amended--
    (1) in item (bb), by striking ``and'';
    (2) in item (cc), by striking the period and inserting ``; and''; 
and
    (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                            ``(dd) shall include 
                                        reforestation and 
                                        rehabilitation activities 
                                        conducted under section 8507 of 
                                        the Save Our Sequoias Act.''.
    (c) Implementation.--Section 4(d)(1) of the Wilderness Act (16 
U.S.C. 1133(d)) is amended by inserting ``Nothing in this Act precludes 
reforestation (as defined in section 8502 of the Save our Sequoias Act) 
activities to reestablish giant sequoias following a wildfire.'' after 
the period at the end.

SEC. 8508. GIANT SEQUOIA STRIKE TEAMS.

    (a) Giant Sequoia Strike Teams.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary concerned shall each 
        establish a Giant Sequoia Strike Team to assist the Secretary 
        concerned with the implementation of--
                    (A) primarily, section 8506; and
                    (B) secondarily, section 8507.
            (2) Duties.--Each Strike Team shall--
                    (A) assist the Secretary concerned with any 
                reviews, including analysis under the National 
                Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et 
                seq.), consultations under the National Historic 
                Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.) and 
                consultations under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 
                (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.);
                    (B) implement any necessary site preparation work 
                in advance of or as part of a Protection Project or 
                reforestation or rehabilitation activity;
                    (C) implement Protection Projects under section 
                8506; and
                    (D) implement reforestation or rehabilitation 
                activities under section 8507.
            (3) Members.--The Secretary concerned may appoint no more 
        than 10 individuals each to serve on a Strike Team comprised 
        of--
                    (A) employees of the Department of the Interior;
                    (B) employees of the Forest Service;
                    (C) private contractors from any nonprofit 
                organization, State government, Tribal Government, 
                local government, academic institution, or private 
                organization; and
                    (D) volunteers from any nonprofit organization, 
                State government, Tribal Government, local government, 
                academic institution, or private organization.

SEC. 8509. GIANT SEQUOIA COLLABORATIVE RESTORATION GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the parties to 
the agreement under section 8503, shall establish a program to award 
grants to eligible entities to advance, facilitate, or improve giant 
sequoia health and resiliency.
    (b) Eligible Entity.--The Secretary may award grants under this 
section to any nonprofit organization, Tribal Government, local 
government, academic institution, or private organization to help 
advance, facilitate, or improve giant sequoia health and resiliency.
    (c) Priority.--In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary 
shall give priority to eligible entities that--
            (1) primarily, are likely to have the greatest impact on 
        giant sequoia health and resiliency; and
            (2) secondarily--
                    (A) are small businesses or tribal entities, 
                particularly in rural areas; and
                    (B) create or support jobs, particularly in rural 
                areas.
    (d) Use of Grant Funds.--Funds from grants awarded under this 
section shall be used to--
            (1) create, expand, or develop markets for hazardous fuels 
        removed under section 8506, including markets for biomass and 
        biochar;
            (2) facilitate hazardous fuel removal under section 8506, 
        including by reducing the cost of transporting hazardous fuels 
        removed as part of a Protection Project;
            (3) expand, enhance, develop, or create facilities or land 
        that can store or process hazardous fuels removed under section 
        8506;
            (4) establish, develop, expand, enhance, or improve nursery 
        capacity or infrastructure necessary to facilitate the Strategy 
        established under section 8507; or
            (5) support tribal management and conservation of giant 
        sequoias, including funding for tribal historic preservation 
        officers.

SEC. 8510. GOOD NEIGHBOR AUTHORITY FOR GIANT SEQUOIAS.

    Section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (16 U.S.C. 2113a), as 
amended by section 8412, is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause 
                        (iii);
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (i) the 
                        following:
                            ``(ii) Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia 
                        National Park, and Yosemite National Park; 
                        or'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (ii), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (iii) as 
                        clause (iv);
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (ii) the 
                        following:
                            ``(iii) activities conducted under section 
                        8506 of the Save Our Sequoias Act;'';
                            (iv) in clause (iv), as so redesignated, by 
                        striking the period at the end and inserting 
                        ``; or''; and
                            (v) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) any combination of activities 
                        specified in clauses (i) through (iv).''.
                    (C) in paragraph (10)(B) by striking ``land.'' and 
                inserting ``land, Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia 
                National Park, and Yosemite National Park.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(C)--
                            (i) by striking clause (ii); and
                            (ii) by inserting after clause (i) the 
                        following:
                            ``(ii) Special rule for certain national 
                        parks.--Funds received from the sale of timber 
                        by a Governor, an Indian tribe, or a county 
                        under a good neighbor agreement carried out 
                        within the boundaries of Kings Canyon National 
                        Park, Sequoia National Park, or Yosemite 
                        National Park shall be retained and used by the 
                        Governor, Indian tribe, or county, as 
                        applicable--
                                    ``(I) to carry out authorized 
                                restoration services under such good 
                                neighbor agreement;
                                    ``(II) if there are funds remaining 
                                after carrying out the services under 
                                clause (i), to carry out authorized 
                                restoration services under other good 
                                neighbor agreements within the 
                                boundaries of the park unit in which 
                                the initial good neighbor agreement 
                                occurred; and
                                    ``(III) if there are no further 
                                good neighbor agreements to carry out 
                                under clause (ii), to transfer to the 
                                park unit in which the initial good 
                                neighbor agreement occurred to be used 
                                for giant sequoia conservation and 
                                management.
                            ``(iii) Termination of effectiveness.--The 
                        authority provided by this subparagraph 
                        terminates effective October 1, 2029.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Authorized restoration services in certain national 
        parks.--Authorized restoration services occurring in Kings 
        Canyon National Park, Sequoia National Park, and Yosemite 
        National Park shall be carried out in accordance with section 
        100753 of title 54, United States Code.''.

SEC. 8511. STEWARDSHIP CONTRACTING FOR GIANT SEQUOIAS.

    (a) National Park Service.--Section 604(a)(2) of the Healthy 
Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6591c(c)) is amended to read 
as follows:
            ``(2) Director.--The term `Director' means the Director of 
        the Bureau of Land Management with respect to Bureau of Land 
        Management lands and the Director of the National Park Service 
        with respect to lands within Kings Canyon National Park, 
        Sequoia National Park, and Yosemite National Park.''.
    (b) Giant Sequoia Stewardship Contracts.--Section 604(c) of the 
Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6591c(c)) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Promoting the health and resiliency of giant 
        sequoias.''.

SEC. 8512. GIANT SEQUOIA EMERGENCY PROTECTION PROGRAM AND FUND.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1011 of title 54, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting at the end the following:
``Sec. 101123. Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Program and Fund
    ``(a) Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Program.--The National 
Park Foundation, in coordination with the National Forest Foundation, 
shall design and implement a comprehensive program to assist and 
promote philanthropic programs of support that benefit--
            ``(1) primarily, the management and conservation of giant 
        sequoias on National Park Service and covered National Forest 
        System lands to promote resiliency to wildfires, insects, and 
        drought; and
            ``(2) secondarily, the reforestation of giant sequoias on 
        National Park Service and covered National Forest System lands 
        impacted by wildfire.
    ``(b) Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Fund.--The National Park 
Foundation, in coordination with the National Forest Foundation, shall 
establish a joint special account to be known as the Giant Sequoia 
Emergency Protection Fund (referred to as `the Fund' in this section), 
to be administered in support of the program established under 
subsection (a).
            ``(1) Funds for giant sequoia emergency protection.--The 
        Fund shall consist of any gifts, devises, or bequests that are 
        provided to the National Park Foundation or National Forest 
        Foundation for such purpose.
            ``(2) Use of funds.--Funds shall be available to the 
        National Park Foundation and National Forest Foundation without 
        further appropriation, subject to the provisions in paragraph 
        (3), for projects and activities approved by the Chief of the 
        Forest Service or the Director of the National Park Service as 
        appropriate, or their designees, to--
                    ``(A) primarily, support the management and 
                conservation of giant sequoias on National Park Service 
                and covered National Forest System lands to promote 
                resiliency to wildfires, insects, and drought; and
                    ``(B) secondarily, support the reforestation of 
                giant sequoias on National Park Service and covered 
                National Forest System lands impacted by wildfire.
            ``(3) Tribal support.--Of the funds provided to the 
        National Park Foundation and National Forest Foundation under 
        paragraph (2), not less than 15 percent of such funds shall be 
        used to support tribal management and conservation of giant 
        sequoias including funding for tribal historic preservation 
        officers.
    ``(c) Summary.--Beginning 1 year after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the National Park Foundation and National Forest Foundation 
shall include with their annual reports a summary of the status of the 
program and Fund created under this section that includes--
            ``(1) a statement of the amounts deposited in the Fund 
        during the fiscal year;
            ``(2) the amount of the balance remaining in the Fund at 
        the end of the fiscal year; and
            ``(3) a description of the program and projects funded 
        during the fiscal year.
    ``(d) Covered National Forest System Lands Defined.--In this 
section, the term `covered National Forest System lands' has the 
meaning given such term in section 8502 of the Save Our Sequoias Act.
    ``(e) Termination of Effectiveness.--The authority provided by this 
section shall terminate 7 years after the date of enactment of the Save 
Our Sequoias Act.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 1011 
of title 54, United States Code, is amended by inserting at the end the 
following:

``101123. Giant Sequoia Emergency Protection Program and Fund.''.

SEC. 8513. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subtitle 
and the amendments made by this subtitle $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.

                       Subtitle F--Other Matters

SEC. 8701. RURAL REVITALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES.

    Section 2371(d)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6601(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' 
and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 8702. RESOURCE ADVISORY COMMITTEES.

    Section 205 of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 7125) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Appointments by applicable regional foresters.--In 
        making appointments under this subsection, the Secretary 
        concerned may act through the applicable regional forester so 
        long as before the applicable regional forester makes an 
        appointment, the applicable regional forester conducts the 
        review and analysis that would otherwise be conducted for an 
        appointment to a resource advisory committee, including any 
        review and analysis with respect to civil rights, budgetary 
        requirements, vetting, and reporting, as the Secretary 
        concerned determines appropriate.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(6), by striking ``October 1, 2023'' 
        and inserting ``October 1, 2029''; and
            (3) by striking subsection (g).

SEC. 8703. ACCURATE HAZARDOUS FUELS REDUCTION REPORTS.

    (a) Inclusion of Hazardous Fuels Reduction Report in Materials 
Submitted in Support of the President's Budget.--
            (1) In general.--Beginning with the first fiscal year that 
        begins after the date of the enactment of this Act, and each 
        fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary concerned shall include 
        in the materials submitted in support of the President's budget 
        pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, a 
        report on the number of acres of Federal land on which the 
        Secretary concerned carried out hazardous fuels reduction 
        activities during the preceding fiscal year.
            (2) Requirements.--For purposes of the report required 
        under paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned shall--
                    (A) in determining the number of acres of Federal 
                land on which the Secretary concerned carried out 
                hazardous fuels reduction activities during the period 
                covered by the report--
                            (i) record acres of Federal land on which 
                        hazardous fuels reduction activities were 
                        completed during such period; and
                            (ii) record each acre described in clause 
                        (i) once in the report, regardless of whether 
                        multiple hazardous fuels reduction activities 
                        were carried out on such acre during such 
                        period; and
                    (B) with respect to the acres of Federal land 
                recorded in the report, include information on--
                            (i) which such acres are located in the 
                        wildland-urban interface;
                            (ii) the level of wildfire risk (high, 
                        moderate, or low) on the first and last day of 
                        the period covered by the report;
                            (iii) the types of hazardous fuels 
                        activities completed for such acres, 
                        delineating between whether such activities 
                        were conducted--
                                    (I) in a wildfire managed for 
                                resource benefits; or
                                    (II) through a planned project;
                            (iv) the cost per acre of hazardous fuels 
                        activities carried out during the period 
                        covered by the report;
                            (v) the region or system unit in which the 
                        acres are located; and
                            (vi) the effectiveness of the hazardous 
                        fuels reduction activities on reducing the risk 
                        of wildfire.
            (3) Transparency.--The Secretary concerned shall make each 
        report submitted under paragraph (1) publicly available on the 
        website of the Department and the Department of the Interior, 
        as applicable.
    (b) Accurate Data Collection.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary concerned shall 
        implement standardized procedures for tracking data related to 
        hazardous fuels reduction activities carried out by the 
        Secretary concerned.
            (2) Elements.--The standardized procedures required under 
        paragraph (1) shall include--
                    (A) regular, standardized data reviews of the 
                accuracy and timely input of data used to track 
                hazardous fuels reduction activities;
                    (B) verification methods that validate whether such 
                data accurately correlates to the hazardous fuels 
                reduction activities carried out by the Secretary 
                concerned;
                    (C) an analysis of the short- and long-term 
                effectiveness of the hazardous fuels reduction 
                activities on reducing the risk of wildfire; and
                    (D) for hazardous fuels reduction activities that 
                occur partially within the wildland-urban interface, 
                methods to distinguish which acres are located within 
                the wildland-urban interface and which acres are 
                located outside the wildland-urban interface.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 2 weeks after implementing the 
        standardized procedures required under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary concerned shall submit to Congress a report that 
        describes--
                    (A) such standardized procedures; and
                    (B) program and policy recommendations to Congress 
                to address any limitations in tracking data related to 
                hazardous fuels reduction activities under this 
                subsection.
    (c) GAO Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) conduct a study on the implementation of this section, 
        including any limitations with respect to--
                    (A) reporting hazardous fuels reduction activities 
                under subsection (a); or
                    (B) tracking data related to hazardous fuels 
                reduction activities under subsection (b); and
            (2) submit to Congress a report that describes the results 
        of the study under paragraph (1).
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Hazardous fuels reduction activity.--The term 
        ``hazardous fuels reduction activity''--
                    (A) means any vegetation management activity to 
                reduce the risk of wildfire, including mechanical 
                treatments and prescribed burning; and
                    (B) does not include the awarding of contracts to 
                conduct hazardous fuels reduction activities.
            (2) Federal lands.--The term ``Federal lands'' means lands 
        under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior or the 
        Secretary.
            (3) Secretary concerned.--The term ``Secretary concerned'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Secretary, with respect to National Forest 
                System lands; and
                    (B) the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to 
                public lands and units of the National Park System.
            (4) Wildland-urban interface.--The term ``wildland-urban 
        interface'' has the meaning given the term in section 101 of 
        the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6511).
    (e) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are 
authorized to carry out the requirements of this section, and the 
activities authorized by this section are subject to the availability 
of appropriations made in advance for such purposes.

SEC. 8704. SPECIAL USE AUTHORIZATION RENTAL FEE WAIVER.

    All or part of the programmatic administrative fee, and any fees 
related to the special use authorization, as appropriate, may be waived 
by the Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, when 
equitable and in the public interest as determined by the Chief of the 
Forest Service, for the use and occupancy of National Forest System 
land in the following circumstances:
            (1) The holder of the special use authorization is a State 
        or local government or any agency or instrumentality thereof, 
        excluding municipal utilities and cooperatives whose principal 
        source of revenue is customer charges.
            (2) The holder is--
                    (A) an organization described in section 501(c)(3) 
                of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and is exempt from 
                taxation under section 501(a) of such Code;
                    (B) not controlled or owned by profit-making 
                corporation or business enterprise; and
                    (C) is engaged in public or semi-public activity to 
                further public health, safety, or welfare.
            (3) The holder is an amateur station, amateur operator, or 
        provides amateur radio services, as those terms are defined in 
        section 97.3 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
        successor regulations).
            (4) Other circumstances the Secretary, acting through the 
        Chief of the Forest Service, determines appropriate.

SEC. 8705. CHARGES AND FEES FOR HARVEST OF FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS.

    (a) Recovery of Fair Market Value for Products.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
        the Forest Service, shall establish and carry out a program to 
        charge and collect fees under subsection (b) for forest 
        botanical products harvested on National Forest System lands.
            (2) Appraisal methods; bidding procedures.--The Secretary, 
        acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall establish 
        a fee system based on fair market value for forest botanical 
        products harvested on National Forest System lands.
    (b) Fees.--
            (1) Imposition and collection.--The Secretary shall charge 
        and collect fees from persons who harvest forest botanical 
        products on National Forest System lands.
            (2) Amount of fee.--The fees collected under paragraph (1) 
        shall be based on the fair market value of the harvested forest 
        botanical products and the costs incurred by the Secretary 
        associated with the granting, modifying, or monitoring the 
        authorization for harvest of the forest botanical products, 
        including the costs of any environmental or other analysis.
            (3) Security.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
        the Forest Service, may require a person assessed a fee under 
        this subsection to provide security to ensure that the 
        Secretary receives the fees imposed under this subsection from 
        the person.
    (c) Sustainable Harvest Levels for Forest Botanical Products.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
        the Forest Service, shall--
                    (A) conduct appropriate analyses to determine 
                whether and how the harvest of forest botanical 
                products on National Forest System lands can be 
                conducted on a sustainable basis; and
                    (B) establish procedures and timeframes to monitor 
                and revise the harvest levels established for forest 
                botanical products.
            (2) Prohibition on harvest in excess of sustainable 
        levels.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest 
        Service, may not permit under the program under this section 
        the harvest of forest botanical products on National Forest 
        System lands at levels in excess of sustainable harvest levels, 
        as defined under section 4 of the Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield 
        Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 531).
    (d) Waiver Authority.--
            (1) Personal use.--The Secretary, acting through the Chief 
        of the Forest Service, shall establish a personal use harvest 
        level for each forest botanical product, and the harvest of a 
        forest botanical product below that level by a person for 
        personal use shall not be subject to charges and fees under 
        subsections (a) and (b).
            (2) Other exceptions.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Chief of the Forest Service, may also waive the application of 
        subsection (a) or (b) pursuant to such regulations as the 
        Secretary may prescribe.
    (e) Deposit and Use of Funds.--
            (1) Deposit.--Funds collected under the program in 
        accordance with subsections (a) and (b) shall be deposited into 
        a special account in the United States Treasury.
            (2) Funds available.--Funds deposited into the special 
        account in accordance with paragraph (1) shall remain available 
        until expended without further appropriation.
            (3) Authorized uses.--The funds made available under 
        paragraph (2) shall be expended at units of the National Forest 
        System in proportion to the charges and fees collected at that 
        unit under the program under this section to pay for--
                    (A) the costs of conducting inventories of forest 
                botanical products, determining sustainable levels of 
                harvest, monitoring and assessing the impacts of 
                harvest levels and methods, and for restoration 
                activities, including any necessary revegetation; and
                    (B) the costs described in subsection (b)(2).
            (4) Treatment of fees.--Funds collected under the program 
        in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) shall not be taken 
        into account for the purposes of the following laws:
                    (A) The sixth paragraph under the heading ``forest 
                service'' in the Act of May 23, 1908 (16 U.S.C. 500), 
                and section 13 of the Act of March 1, 1911 (commonly 
                known as the Weeks Act; 16 U.S.C. 500).
                    (B) The fourteenth paragraph under the heading 
                ``forest service'' in the Act of March 4, 1913 (16 
                U.S.C. 501).
                    (C) Section 33 of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant 
                Act (7 U.S.C. 1012).
                    (D) The Act of August 28, 1937 (43 U.S.C. 2601 et 
                seq.) and the Act of May 24, 1939 (43 U.S.C. 2621 et 
                seq.).
                    (E) Section 6 of the Act of June 14, 1926 (commonly 
                known as the Recreation and Public Purposes Act; 43 
                U.S.C. 869-4).
                    (F) Chapter 69 of title 31, United States Code.
                    (G) Section 401 of the Act of June 15, 1935 (16 
                U.S.C. 715s).
                    (H) Section 100904 of title 54, United States Code.
                    (I) Any other provision of law relating to revenue 
                allocation.
    (f) Reporting Requirements.--As soon as practicable after the end 
of each fiscal year in which the Secretary collects charges and fees 
under the program in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) or expends 
funds from the special account under subsection (e), the Secretary, 
acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall submit to the 
Congress a report summarizing the activities of the Secretary under the 
program under this section, including the funds collected under the 
program in accordance with subsections (a) and (b), the expenses 
incurred to carry out the program under this section, and the 
expenditures made from the special account during that fiscal year.
    (g) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
            (1) Forest botanical product.--The term ``forest botanical 
        product''--
                    (A) means any naturally occurring mushroom, fungus, 
                flower, seed, root, bark, leaf, berry, bough, 
                bryophyte, bulb, burl, cone, epiphyte, fern, forb, 
                grass, moss, nut, pine straw, sedge, shrub, transplant, 
                tree sap, or other vegetation (or portion thereof) that 
                grows on National Forest System lands; and
                    (B) does not include trees, or portions of trees, 
                except as provided in regulations issued under section 
                339 of the Department of the Interior and Related 
                Agencies Appropriations Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 528 
                note) by the Secretary before the date of enactment of 
                this Act.
            (2) National forest system.--The term ``National Forest 
        System'' has the meaning given that term in section 11(a) of 
        the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 
        1974 (16 U.S.C. 1609(a)).

SEC. 8706. FOREST SERVICE LEGACY ROAD AND TRAIL REMEDIATION PROGRAM 
              TRANSPARENCY.

    Section 8 of Public Law 88-657 (16 U.S.C. 538a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(2)--
                    (A) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(B) solicit and consider public input regionally 
                in selecting projects for funding under the Program 
                by--
                            ``(i) publishing annually, for each region, 
                        a list of projects considered for funding under 
                        the Program;
                            ``(ii) accepting public comment on the 
                        projects described in clause (i); and
                            ``(iii) considering public comments in 
                        selecting projects for funding under the 
                        Program;''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        inserting ``annually, for each region,'' before 
                        ``publish''; and
                            (ii) by striking clause (ii) and inserting 
                        the following:
                            ``(ii) a list that includes a description 
                        of--
                                    ``(I) each project considered for 
                                funding under the Program;
                                    ``(II) public comments received on 
                                each project described in subclause 
                                (I);
                                    ``(III) the ranking within the 
                                applicable region of each project 
                                described in subclause (I); and
                                    ``(IV) the proposed outcome of each 
                                project funded under the Program for 
                                the applicable fiscal year.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Definition of Region.--In this section, the term `region' 
means one of the 9 regions of the Forest Service.''.

SEC. 8707. DIRECT HIRE AUTHORITY.

    For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary 
may appoint, without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of 
chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, other than sections 3303 and 
3328 of that title, a Job Corps graduate (as defined in section 142(5) 
of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192(5))) to 
a position in the competitive service in the Forest Service for which 
the graduate meets the qualification standards.

SEC. 8708. IMPROVING THE EMERGENCY FOREST RESTORATION PROGRAM.

    Section 407 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2206) 
is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Advance Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall give an owner of 
        nonindustrial private forest land the option of receiving, 
        before the owner carries out emergency measures under this 
        section, not more than 75 percent of the cost of the emergency 
        measures, as determined by the Secretary based on the fair 
        market value of the cost of the emergency measures using the 
        estimated cost of the applicable practice published in the 
        Field Office Technical Guide of each State by the Natural 
        Resources Conservation Service.
            ``(2) Return of funds.--If the funds provided under 
        paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 180-day period 
        beginning on the date on which the owner of nonindustrial 
        private forest land receives those funds, the funds shall be 
        returned within a reasonable timeframe, as determined by the 
        Secretary.''.

                            TITLE IX--ENERGY

SEC. 9001. DEFINITION OF ADVANCED BIOFUEL.

    Section 9001(3)(B)(iv) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment 
Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101(3)(B)(iv)) is amended by inserting ``and 
sustainable aviation fuel'' after ``diesel-equivalent fuel''.

SEC. 9002. BIOBASED MARKETS PROGRAM.

    Section 9002 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8102) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(G) Procurement resources.--The Office of Federal 
                Procurement Policy, in coordination with the Secretary, 
                shall provide educational materials to procuring 
                agencies to consider the longevity of a product, 
                economic savings, and the efficacy and performance of a 
                product when making procurement decisions under this 
                subsection.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking clause 
                        (ii) and redesignating clauses (iii) and (iv) 
                        as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding 
                                subclause (I)--
                                            (aa) by inserting ``and the 
                                        Secretary'' after ``Policy''; 
                                        and
                                            (bb) by striking 
                                        ``information concerning--'' 
                                        and inserting ``a report that 
                                        describes, for the year covered 
                                        by the report--'';
                                    (II) in subclause (I), by inserting 
                                ``, including the actions taken by the 
                                procuring agency to establish and 
                                implement the biobased procurement 
                                program of the procuring agency under 
                                that paragraph'' before the semicolon;
                                    (III) in subclause (IV), by 
                                striking ``and'' at the end;
                                    (IV) in subclause (V), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end; and
                                    (V) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                    ``(VI)(aa) the specific categories 
                                of biobased products that are 
                                unavailable to meet procurement needs 
                                of the procuring agencies; and
                                    ``(bb) the desired performance 
                                characteristics and other relevant 
                                specifications for those products; and
                                    ``(VII) if applicable, an 
                                explanation of the procurement 
                                requirement or updated procurement 
                                requirement established under paragraph 
                                (2)(A)(i) that procuring agencies 
                                failed to meet and reasons for the 
                                failure; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Accountability.--The Office of Federal 
                Procurement Policy, in consultation with the Secretary, 
                shall annually--
                            ``(i) collect the information required to 
                        be reported under subparagraph (B) and make the 
                        information publicly available;
                            ``(ii) using the information collected 
                        under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, 
                        document relevant procuring agencies under 
                        paragraph (2)(A)(i) that, as applicable, have 
                        established a procurement program in accordance 
                        with paragraph (2)(A)(i)(I); and
                            ``(iii) make the information publicly 
                        available, subject to the exemptions from 
                        disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5, 
                        United States Code.'';
            (2) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the heading, by inserting ``and 
                        napcs'' before ``codes'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``and North American 
                        Products Classification System codes'' before 
                        ``for--''; and
                            (iii) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B) 
                        and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) renewable chemicals manufacturers and 
                biobased products manufacturers; and
                    ``(B) renewable chemicals and biobased products.''; 
                and
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3) 
                and inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Report.--To inform the development of codes under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, within 90 days after the 
        date of the enactment of this paragraph, submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate, a report that provides--
                    ``(A) the Federal statistical collections of 
                information related to the North American Industry 
                Classification System codes and the North American 
                Product Classification System codes that utilize 
                bioeconomy-specific data;
                    ``(B) recommendations to implement any bioeconomy 
                related changes as part of the 2027 revisions of the 
                North American Industry Classification System codes and 
                the North American Product Classification System codes; 
                and
                    ``(C) an assessment of the impacts that bioeconomy-
                specific North American Industry Classification System 
                codes and North American Products Classification System 
                codes would have on the measurement by the agency of 
                the economic contributions of the bioeconomy.''; and
            (3) in subsection (k)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2024'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 9003. BIOREFINERY ASSISTANCE.

    Section 9003 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8103) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)--
                    (A) by inserting ``or innovative'' before 
                ``commercial-scale''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, renewable chemicals, or 
                biobased products'' after ``end-user products'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking all that precedes ``a loan 
                        guarantee'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Feasibility.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In approving''; and
                            (ii) by adding after and below the end the 
                        following:
                            ``(ii) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the 
                        requirement that the applicant must demonstrate 
                        commercial viability for projects adopting 
                        commercially available technology.'';
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as 
                subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Technical review agreement.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        enter into an agreement with each project 
                        applicant that clearly outlines the specific 
                        objectives, outcomes, and conditions by which 
                        the Secretary determines successful technical 
                        feasibility of the project under this section.
                            ``(ii) Conditions of agreement.--The 
                        agreement provided under clause (i) shall 
                        include clear guidelines and expectations for 
                        the methodologies, protocols, and procedures, 
                        and what the eligible technology must 
                        demonstrate, for the Department to determine 
                        technical feasibility from an integrated 
                        demonstration unit, including--
                                    ``(I) a set timeline for the 
                                integrated demonstration unit campaign 
                                and final technical report to show 
                                reliable evidence of continuous, 
                                steady-state production;
                                    ``(II) criteria and methods for 
                                evaluating the project's success, 
                                including any third-party assessments 
                                or evaluations that may be conducted 
                                during the demonstration period and at 
                                the conclusion of the set timeline;
                                    ``(III) criteria and methods to 
                                prove the ability of the integrated 
                                demonstration unit to use project-
                                specific feedstock for the production 
                                of advanced biofuels, renewable 
                                chemicals, or biobased products at a 
                                yield and quality consistent with the 
                                design basis of the project;
                                    ``(IV) required information and 
                                conditions that demonstrate operation 
                                duration, quality, and quantity 
                                specifications; and
                                    ``(V) any other information that, 
                                if supplied to the Secretary, would 
                                assist the eligible entity in 
                                sufficiently demonstrating a project's 
                                technical feasibility.
                            ``(iii) Failure to comply with agreement.--
                                    ``(I) Noncompliance notification.--
                                If a project applicant fails to comply 
                                with the technical feasibility 
                                requirements as provided under clause 
                                (ii), the Secretary shall issue a 
                                written notice to the project applicant 
                                detailing the specific deficiencies and 
                                providing a reasonable timeframe for 
                                the project applicant to rectify the 
                                issues.
                                    ``(II) Corrective action period.--
                                The project applicant shall have a 
                                period of not more than 90 days from 
                                the date of issuance of the 
                                noncompliance notice to address the 
                                identified deficiencies and submit a 
                                revised technical feasibility 
                                assessment for reconsideration.
                            ``(iv) Technical feasibility approval.--
                        Upon fulfillment of the conditions of agreement 
                        established under clause (ii) or approval of 
                        the revised technical feasibility assessment 
                        under clause (iii)(II), the Secretary shall 
                        determine the project to be technically 
                        feasible.'';
            (3) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by striking all that precedes ``is authorized'' 
                and inserting the following:
    ``(g) Funding.--There''; and.
                    (B) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029'';
            (4) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2031'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2031'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
            (5) in subsection (i)(1), by striking ``2031'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (6) in subsection (j)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2031'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``2031'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 9004. BIOPRODUCT LABELING REPORT.

    Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8101-8115) is amended by inserting after section 9003 the 
following:

``SEC. 9004. BIOPRODUCT LABELING REPORT.

    ``(a) In General.--Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of 
this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a report containing 
an analysis of the potential effects of a program to implement national 
uniform labeling standards for bioproducts described under subsection 
(b), including the effects on--
            ``(1) consumer trust, certainty, and adoption;
            ``(2) the scope and accuracy of bioproduct industry data; 
        and
            ``(3) market growth.
    ``(b) Bioproduct Terminology.--In preparing the report required by 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) consider national uniform labeling standards for--
                    ``(A) bio-attributed products;
                    ``(B) biobased products;
                    ``(C) biobased plastics;
                    ``(D) bio-attributed plastics;
                    ``(E) plant-based products;
                    ``(F) renewable chemicals; and
                    ``(G) renewable biomass; and
            ``(2) define the bioproducts identified in paragraph (1), 
        unless otherwise defined in statute.
    ``(c) Consultation.--In defining the terminology described in 
subsection (b) and preparing the report required by subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall consult with--
            ``(1) biomanufacturers;
            ``(2) entities engaged in research and development of 
        bioproducts;
            ``(3) feedstock growers; and
            ``(4) other industry stakeholders.''.

SEC. 9005. BIOENERGY PROGRAM FOR ADVANCED BIOFUELS.

    Section 9005(g) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8105(g)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(F), by striking ``2024'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 9006. BIODIESEL FUEL EDUCATION PROGRAM.

    Section 9006 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8106) is repealed.

SEC. 9007. RURAL ENERGY FOR AMERICA PROGRAM.

    Section 9007 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8107) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``, cost 
                savings,'' after ``savings'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) the potential of the proposed program to 
                meaningfully improve the financial conditions of the 
                agricultural producers or rural small businesses.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (F), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (G) as 
                        subparagraph (H); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (F) 
                        the following:
                    ``(G) the potential improvements to the financial 
                conditions of the agricultural producer or rural small 
                business; and''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                        follows:
                    ``(A) Grants.--With respect to grants made under 
                paragraph (1)(A)(i), the amount of a grant shall not 
                exceed--
                            ``(i) 50 percent of the cost of the 
                        activity carried out using funds from the grant 
                        for--
                                    ``(I) a beginning farmer or 
                                rancher, a socially disadvantaged 
                                farmer or rancher, or a veteran farmer 
                                or rancher (as those terms are defined 
                                in section 2501(a) of the Food, 
                                Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act 
                                of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))); and
                                    ``(II) a recipient with a proposed 
                                project located in an area where 20 
                                percent or more of the population is 
                                living in poverty over the last 30 
                                years, as defined by the United States 
                                Census Bureau, or an area that has 
                                experienced long-term population 
                                decline or loss of employment, as 
                                determined by the Secretary; or
                            ``(ii) 35 percent of the cost of the 
                        activity carried out using funds from the grant 
                        in all other cases.''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``$25,000,000'' and inserting ``$50,000,000'';
            (3) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Project Diversity.--In approving grant or loan guarantee 
applications under this section, the Secretary shall ensure that, to 
the extent practicable, there is diversity in the types of projects 
approved for grants or loan guarantees to ensure that as wide a range 
as possible of technologies, products, and approaches are assisted.''.

SEC. 9008. FEEDSTOCK FLEXIBILITY.

    Section 9010(b) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8110(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 9009. BIOMASS CROP ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    Section 9011(f)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 
2002 (7 U.S.C. 8111(f)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 9010. CARBON UTILIZATION AND BIOGAS EDUCATION PROGRAM.

    Section 9014 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8115) is repealed.

SEC. 9011. STUDY ON EFFECTS OF SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATIONS ON COVERED 
              FARMLAND.

    Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8101-8115) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 9015. STUDY ON EFFECTS OF SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATIONS ON COVERED 
              FARMLAND.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Energy, shall conduct a study on the effects of solar 
panel installations on the conversion of covered farmland out of 
agricultural production in accordance with this section.
    ``(b) Content.--In conducting the study under this section, the 
Secretary shall--
            ``(1) analyze the economic effects of solar panel 
        installations on covered farmland, including the effects on--
                    ``(A) crop yields;
                    ``(B) land values, including adjacent properties;
                    ``(C) land access and tenure;
                    ``(D) local economies; and
                    ``(E) food security;
            ``(2) investigate impacts of solar panel installation, 
        operation, and decommissioning on covered farmland, and suggest 
        best practices to protect--
                    ``(A) soil health;
                    ``(B) water resources;
                    ``(C) wildlife;
                    ``(D) vegetation;
                    ``(E) water drainage; and
                    ``(F) air quality;
            ``(3) assess the impacts of shared solar energy and 
        agricultural production on covered farmland, including best 
        practices to--
                    ``(A) maintain or increase agricultural production;
                    ``(B) increase agricultural resilience;
                    ``(C) retain covered farmland;
                    ``(D) increase economic opportunities in farming 
                and rural communities, including new revenue streams 
                and job creation;
                    ``(E) reduce nonfarmer ownership of covered 
                farmland; and
                    ``(F) enhance biodiversity;
            ``(4) assess the types of agricultural land best suited and 
        worst suited for shared solar energy and agricultural 
        production;
            ``(5) study the compatibility of different species of 
        livestock with different solar panel system designs, 
        including--
                    ``(A) the optimal height of and distance between 
                solar panels for livestock grazing and shade for 
                livestock;
                    ``(B) manure management considerations;
                    ``(C) fencing requirements; and
                    ``(D) other animal handling considerations;
            ``(6) study the compatibility of different crop types with 
        different solar panel system designs, including--
                    ``(A) the optimal height of and distance between 
                solar panels for plant shading and farm equipment use; 
                and
                    ``(B) the impact on crop yield;
            ``(7) evaluate the degree to which existing Federal, State, 
        or local tax incentives result in the development of covered 
        farmland under study;
            ``(8) recommend effective incentives that could shift solar 
        panel installations towards the built environment, brownfield 
        sites, and other contaminated sites;
            ``(9) evaluate the effectiveness of programs administered 
        by the federal government related to solar energy development 
        that--
                    ``(A) results in the development of contaminated 
                lands, the built environment, and other preferred 
                sites; and
                    ``(B) discourages solar panel installations that 
                would convert covered farmland out of agricultural 
                production; and
            ``(10) estimate the loss of agricultural production on 
        covered farmland due to solar panel installations.
    ``(c) Consultation With Relevant Stakeholders.--In addition to 
consultation with the Secretary of Energy, while conducting the study 
under this section, the Secretary shall consult with--
            ``(1) farmers;
            ``(2) ranchers;
            ``(3) landowners;
            ``(4) agricultural organizations;
            ``(5) State departments of agriculture and energy;
            ``(6) units of local government;
            ``(7) conservation organizations;
            ``(8) land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in 
        section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, 
        and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)); and
            ``(9) solar developers.
    ``(d) Report.--Within 2 years after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a written report on 
the findings of the study and recommendations under this section.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered farmland.--The term `covered farmland' 
        includes--
                    ``(A) farmland, as defined in section 1540(c)(1) of 
                the Farmland Protection Policy Act (7 U.S.C. 
                4201(c)(1)); and
                    ``(B) nonindustrial private forest land, as defined 
                in section 201(a)(18) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
                (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(18)).
            ``(2) Brownfield site.--The term `brownfield site' has the 
        meaning given that term in section 101(39) of the Comprehensive 
        Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 
        (42 U.S.C. 9601(39)).
            ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.''.

SEC. 9012. LIMITATION ON USDA FUNDING FOR GROUND MOUNTED SOLAR SYSTEMS.

    Title IX of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8101-8115) is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 9016. LIMITATION ON USDA FUNDING FOR GROUND MOUNTED SOLAR ENERGY 
              SYSTEMS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered farmland.--The term `covered farmland' 
        includes--
                    ``(A) farmland, as defined in section 1540(c)(1) of 
                the Farmland Protection Policy Act (7 U.S.C. 
                4201(c)(1)); and
                    ``(B) nonindustrial private forest land, as defined 
                in section 201(a)(18) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
                (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(18)).
            ``(2) Conversion.--The term `conversion' means, with 
        respect to covered farmland, any activity that results in the 
        covered farmland failing to meet the requirements of a State 
        (as defined in section 343 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
        Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991)) for agricultural production, 
        activity, or use or timber harvest.
            ``(3) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.
    ``(b) In General.--The Secretary may not provide financial 
assistance for a project that would result in the conversion of covered 
farmland for solar energy production.
    ``(c) Exception.--Subsection (b) shall not apply to a project if 
the project--
            ``(1) results in the conversion of less than 5 acres;
            ``(2) results in the conversion of less than 50 acres of 
        covered farmland and the majority of the energy produced is for 
        on-farm use; or
            ``(3) has received a resolution of approval or support, or 
        other similar instrument from each county and municipality in 
        which the project is sited.
    ``(d) Covered Farmland Protection.--
            ``(1) Farmland conservation plan required.--A person who 
        has applied to the Secretary for financial assistance for a 
        project subject to subsection (c)(3) shall--
                    ``(A) develop a farmland conservation plan for the 
                project to--
                            ``(i) implement best practices to protect 
                        future soil health and productivity, and 
                        mitigate soil erosion, compaction, and other 
                        effects of solar energy production during 
                        construction, operation, and decommissioning; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) remediate and restore the soil 
                        health of the farmland to that of the farmland 
                        before the solar energy production project 
                        construction; and
                    ``(B) ensure that sufficient funds, as determined 
                by the Secretary, are provided for the decommissioning 
                of the solar energy production system and the 
                remediation and restoration of covered farmland to 
                carry out the farmland conservation plan described in 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Obligation and disbursment of funds.--The Secretary 
        may obligate financial assistance for a project described in 
        paragraph (1), but shall not disburse the financial assistance 
        until the Secretary has determined that the applicant for the 
        financial assistance has complied with paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Farmland conservation plan implementation.--A person 
        referred to in paragraph (1) shall carry out--
                    ``(A) the provisions of the plan that are described 
                in paragraph (1)(A)(i), on the receipt by the project 
                of financial assistance from the Secretary and for the 
                duration of solar energy production under the project; 
                and
                    ``(B) the provisions of the plan that are described 
                in paragraph (1)(A)(ii), on the cessation of solar 
                energy production under the project.
            ``(4) Compliance.--A person who fails to comply with 
        paragraph (3) with respect to a project shall repay to the 
        Secretary the full amount of the financial assistance provided 
        by the Secretary to the person for the project.''.

        TITLE X--HORTICULTURE, MARKETING, AND REGULATORY REFORM

                        Subtitle A--Horticulture

SEC. 10001. PLANT PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER PREVENTION.

    Section 420(f) of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7721) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7);
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
            ``(6) $75,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 
        2024; and''; and
            (4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2018'' and inserting 
        ``$90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.

SEC. 10002. SPECIALTY CROP BLOCK GRANTS.

    Section 101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7 
U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 108-465) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``specialty crops, including--'' 
                and inserting ``specialty crops through priorities 
                established by State program administrators in 
                consultation with specialty crop producers and producer 
                groups, including--'';
            (2) by striking subsection (e), and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(e) Plan Requirements.--The State plan shall identify the lead 
agency charged with the responsibility of carrying out the plan and 
indicate--
            ``(1) how the grant funds will be utilized to enhance the 
        competitiveness of specialty crops; and
            ``(2) how outreach to, and consultation with, specialty 
        crop producers and producer groups will be achieved.''; and
            (3) in subsection (l)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                subparagraph (F);
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following:
                    ``(E) $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 
                through 2024; and''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``$85,000,000 for fiscal year 2018'' and 
                inserting ``$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.

SEC. 10003. SPECIALTY CROPS MARKET NEWS ALLOCATION.

    Section 10107(b) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 1622b(b)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 10004. OFFICE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE AND INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION.

    Section 222 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6923) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(3)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                inserting ``production'' after ``emerging 
                agricultural'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) by inserting ``controlled-environment 
                        agriculture, including'' before ``hydroponic''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                subparagraph (H); and
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following:
                    ``(E) using the resources of the Department and of 
                State, Tribal, and local agencies to provide technical 
                assistance for business incorporation, navigating local 
                zoning, and managing farm tract numbers for smaller, 
                noncontiguous parcels to growers implementing 
                activities described in paragraph (3);
                    ``(F) using the resources of the Department and of 
                State, Tribal, and local agencies to promote 
                conservation techniques unique to urban agriculture and 
                innovative production, including techniques that 
                address stormwater runoff and the impacted nature of 
                urban land and the subsurface of the land;
                    ``(G) assisting urban and innovative producers in 
                navigating Federal, State, Tribal, and local policies 
                and regulations that impact business or operations; 
                and'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (7)(A), by striking ``the date 
                that is 5 years after the date on which the members are 
                appointed under paragraph (2)(B)'' and inserting 
                ``September 30, 2029'';
            (3) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
    ``(c) Grants and Cooperative Agreements.--
            ``(1) Grants.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director shall award 
                competitive grants to support the development of urban 
                and innovative agricultural production and technical or 
                financial assistance to producers.
                    ``(B) Subgrants.--An eligible entity may use funds 
                from a grant under subparagraph (A) to provide 
                subgrants to urban and innovative producers to support 
                the growth of the farm or farm business of the urban 
                and innovative producers.
                    ``(C) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to 
                receive a grant under subparagraph (A) is--
                            ``(i) a nonprofit organization;
                            ``(ii) a unit of local government;
                            ``(iii) a Tribal organization;
                            ``(iv) an agricultural cooperative or other 
                        agricultural business entity or a producer 
                        network or association; or
                            ``(v) a school that serves any of grades 
                        kindergarten through grade 12.
            ``(2) Cooperative agreements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director may enter into 
                cooperative agreements with eligible entities to 
                support the development of urban and innovative 
                agricultural production.
                    ``(B) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to 
                enter into cooperative agreements under subparagraph 
                (A) is--
                            ``(i) a nonprofit organization;
                            ``(ii) a unit of local government;
                            ``(iii) a Tribal organization; or
                            ``(iv) an agricultural cooperative or other 
                        agricultural business entity or a producer 
                        network or association.'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Pilot'';
                    (B) by striking ``pilot'' each place it appears in 
                paragraphs (1) and (2);
                    (C) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``Not later 
                than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
                section, the Secretary shall establish a pilot program 
                for not fewer than 5 years that'' and inserting ``The 
                Secretary shall continue to implement a program that'';
                    (D) in paragraph (1)(C), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
                ``2029''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``and 
                        construct at-scale composting, food-to-feed, or 
                        anaerobic digestion food waste-to-energy 
                        projects'' before the period at the end; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in the subparagraph heading, 
                                strike ``pilot'';
                                    (II) in the matter preceding clause 
                                (i), by inserting ``Tribal 
                                governments,'' after ``local 
                                governments,'';
                                    (III) by redesignating clauses (vi) 
                                through (viii) as clauses (vii) through 
                                (ix), respectively; and
                                    (IV) by inserting after clause (v) 
                                the following:
                            ``(vi) develop food waste-to-energy 
                        operations;''; and
            (5) in subsection (e), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 10005. NATIONAL PLANT DIAGNOSTICS NETWORK.

    Section 12203(c)(5) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 8914(c)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 10006. HEMP PRODUCTION.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 
1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639o) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as 
        paragraphs (3) through (7), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Industrial hemp.--The term `industrial hemp' means 
        hemp--
                    ``(A) grown for the use of the stalk of the plant, 
                fiber produced from such a stalk, or any other non-
                cannabinoid derivative, mixture, preparation, or 
                manufacture of such a stalk;
                    ``(B) grown for the use of the whole grain, oil, 
                cake, nut, hull, or any other non-cannabinoid compound, 
                derivative, mixture, preparation, or manufacture of the 
                seeds of such plant;
                    ``(C) that is an immature hemp plant intended for 
                human consumption;
                    ``(D) that is a plant that does not enter the 
                stream of commerce and is intended to support hemp 
                research at an institution of higher education (as 
                defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 
                1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) or an independent research 
                institute; or
                    ``(E) grown for the use of a viable seed of the 
                plant produced solely for the production or manufacture 
                of any material described in subparagraphs (A) through 
                (D).''.
    (b) State and Tribal Plans.--Section 297B of the Agricultural 
Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639p) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by redesignating clauses (ii) 
                                through (vii) as clauses (iii) through 
                                (viii), respectively;
                                    (II) by inserting after clause (i) 
                                the following:
                            ``(ii) a procedure under which a hemp 
                        producer shall be required to designate the 
                        type of production of the hemp producer as--
                                    ``(I) only industrial hemp; or
                                    ``(II) hemp grown for any purpose 
                                other than industrial hemp;''; and
                                    (III) in clause (iii), as 
                                redesignated by clause (i) of this 
                                subparagraph, by inserting ``except as 
                                provided in subparagraph (B)(i),'' 
                                before ``a procedure''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``include any other practice'' and inserting 
                        the following: ``include--
                            ``(i) notwithstanding subparagraph 
                        (A)(iii), a procedure for the use of visual 
                        inspections, performance-based sampling 
                        methodologies, certified seed, or a similar 
                        procedure when developing sampling plans for 
                        any producer who elects to be designated as a 
                        producer of only industrial hemp under 
                        subparagraph (A)(ii)(I);
                            ``(ii) notwithstanding subsection 
                        (e)(3)(B)(i), a procedure for eliminating the 
                        10-year period of ineligibility following the 
                        date of conviction for a felony related to a 
                        controlled substance for producers who elect to 
                        be designated as producers of only industrial 
                        hemp under subparagraph (A)(ii); and
                            ``(iii) any other practice''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Inspection of industrial hemp producers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If a State or Tribal plan 
                referred to in paragraph (1) includes procedures for 
                reducing or eliminating sampling or testing 
                requirements under paragraph (2)(B)(i) for a producer 
                of industrial hemp, the State or Indian tribe shall 
                require the producer to provide documentation that 
                demonstrates a clear intent to produce, and use in-
                field practices consistent with production of, only 
                industrial hemp, such as a seed tag, sales contract, 
                Farm Service Agency report, harvest technique, or 
                harvest inspection.
                    ``(B) Testing.--If a producer fails to provide the 
                documentation required under subparagraph (A), the 
                State or Indian tribe involved shall require the 
                producer to conduct the testing described in paragraph 
                (2)(A)(iii).''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)(3)--
                    (A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(A) Reporting.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of a State 
                        department of agriculture or a Tribal 
                        government with respect to which a State or 
                        Tribal plan is approved under subsection (b), 
                        such State department of agriculture or Tribal 
                        government (as applicable) shall immediately 
                        report a hemp producer to the Attorney General, 
                        and, as applicable, the chief law enforcement 
                        officer of the State or Indian tribe, if the 
                        State department of agriculture or Tribal 
                        government (as applicable) determines that the 
                        hemp producer has--
                                    ``(I) violated the State or Tribal 
                                plan with a culpable mental state 
                                greater than negligence; or
                                    ``(II) violated the State or Tribal 
                                plan by producing a crop that is 
                                inconsistent with the designation of 
                                only industrial hemp under subsection 
                                (a)(2)(A)(ii).
                            ``(ii) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not 
                        apply with respect to--
                                    ``(I) a violation described in 
                                subclause (I) of clause (i); or
                                    ``(II) the production of a crop 
                                inconsistent with its designation, as 
                                described in subclause (II) of such 
                                clause.'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by amending clause (ii) to 
                read as follows:
                            ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not 
                        apply to any person growing hemp that 
                        designates the type of production as only 
                        industrial hemp under subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii) 
                        if--
                                    ``(I) the State or Tribal plan 
                                approved under subsection (b) includes 
                                a procedure described in subsection 
                                (a)(2)(B)(ii); or
                                    ``(II) the plan established by the 
                                Secretary under section 297C includes a 
                                procedure described in subsection 
                                (a)(2)(B)(ii) of such section.''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Production inconsistent with industrial hemp 
                designation.--Any person who knowingly produces a crop 
                that is inconsistent with the designation of only 
                industrial hemp under subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii) shall be 
                ineligible to participate in the program established 
                under this section for a period of 5 years beginning on 
                the date of the violation.''.
    (c) Department of Agriculture.--Section 297C of the Agricultural 
Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639q) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``paragraph (1) shall'' and 
                        all that follows through ``practice to 
                        maintain'' and inserting the following: 
                        ``paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) shall include--
                            ``(i) a practice to maintain'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by redesignating 
                        clauses (i) and (ii) as subclauses (I) and 
                        (II), respectively, and moving the margins of 
                        such subclauses (as so redesignated) two ems to 
                        the right;
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) 
                        through (E) as clauses (iii) through (vi), 
                        respectively, and moving the margins of such 
                        clauses (as so redesignated) two ems to the 
                        right;
                            (iv) by inserting after clause (i) (as 
                        designated by clause (i) of this subparagraph) 
                        the following:
                            ``(ii) a procedure under which the 
                        Secretary shall require a hemp producer to 
                        designate the type of production of the hemp 
                        producer as--
                                    ``(I) only industrial hemp; or
                                    ``(II) hemp grown for any purpose 
                                other than industrial hemp;'';
                            (v) in clause (iii) (as redesignated by 
                        clause (iii) of this subparagraph), by 
                        inserting ``except as provided in subparagraph 
                        (B)(i),'' before ``a procedure'';
                            (vi) by striking subparagraph (F); and
                            (vii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) may include--
                            ``(i) notwithstanding subparagraph 
                        (A)(iii), a procedure for the use of visual 
                        inspections, performance-based sampling 
                        methodologies, certified seed, or a similar 
                        procedure when developing sampling plans for 
                        any producer who elects to be designated as a 
                        producer of only industrial hemp under 
                        subparagraph (A)(ii);
                            ``(ii) notwithstanding section 
                        297B(e)(3)(B)(i), a procedure for eliminating 
                        the 10-year period of ineligibility following 
                        the date of conviction for a felony related to 
                        a controlled substance for producers who elect 
                        to be designated as producers of only 
                        industrial hemp under subparagraph (A)(ii); and
                            ``(iii) such other practices or procedures 
                        as the Secretary considers to be appropriate, 
                        to the extent that the practice or procedure is 
                        consistent with this subtitle.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Inspections of industrial hemp producers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If a plan referred to in 
                paragraph (1) includes procedures for reducing or 
                eliminating sampling or testing requirements under 
                paragraph (2)(B)(i) for a producer of only industrial 
                hemp, the Secretary shall require the producer to 
                provide documentation that demonstrates a clear intent 
                to produce, and use in-field practices consistent with 
                production of, industrial hemp, such as a seed tag, 
                sales contract, Farm Service Agency report, harvest 
                technique, or harvest inspection.
                    ``(B) Testing.--If a producer fails to provide the 
                appropriate documentation required under subparagraph 
                (A), the Secretary shall require the producer to 
                conduct the testing described in paragraph 
                (2)(A)(iii).''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (C)--
                            (i) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) 
                        as clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively;
                            (ii) by inserting before clause (ii) (as so 
                        redesignated), the following:
                            ``(i) the designation of the type of 
                        production of the hemp producers under section 
                        297B(a)(2)(A)(ii) or under subsection 
                        (a)(2)(A)(ii) of this section;''; and
                            (iii) in clause (iii), (as so 
                        redesignated), by striking the period at the 
                        end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) the laboratory certificate of analysis for 
                hemp disposed of under section 297B(a)(2)(A)(iv) or 
                subsection (a)(2)(A)(iv) of this section.''.
    (d) Regulations and Guidelines; Effect on Other Law.--Section 297D 
of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1639r) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``regulations and 
        guidelines'' and inserting ``administration, regulations, and 
        guidelines''; and
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Promulgation of Regulations and Guidelines'' and 
                inserting ``Administration, Regulations, and 
                Guidelines''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Laboratory accreditation.--The Secretary, in 
        consultation with the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement 
        Administration, shall establish a process by which the 
        Department of Agriculture can issue certificates of 
        accreditation to laboratories for the purposes of testing hemp 
        in accordance with this subtitle.''.

SEC. 10007. PILOT PROGRAM FOR THE INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL MOVEMENT OF 
              GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS BY CERTAIN 
              AUTHORIZED PARTIES.

    Subtitle A of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7711 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 420A. PILOT PROGRAM FOR THE INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL MOVEMENT OF 
              GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS BY CERTAIN 
              AUTHORIZED PARTIES.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered microorganism.--The term `covered 
        microorganism'--
                    ``(A) means a genetically engineered microorganism 
                that is a plant pest or may pose a plant pest risk; and
                    ``(B) does not include listed agents or toxins (as 
                defined in section 212(l) of the Agricultural 
                Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 
                8401(l))).
            ``(2) Covered unauthorized release.--The term `covered 
        unauthorized release' means an unauthorized release of a 
        covered microorganism, including such a release that a 
        responsible party suspects took place.
            ``(3) Pilot program.--The term `pilot program' means the 
        pilot program established under subsection (b).
            ``(4) Plant pest risk.--The term `plant pest risk' has the 
        meaning given such term in section 340.3 of title 7, Code of 
        Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
            ``(5) Responsible party.--The term `responsible party' 
        means a partnership, corporation, association, joint venture, 
        or other legal entity that--
                    ``(A) has a physical address in the United States;
                    ``(B) is not owned by or otherwise affiliated with 
                the government of a country of concern (as defined in 
                section 10638 of the CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C. 
                19237));
                    ``(C) has more than 1 responsible party 
                biocontainment facility;
                    ``(D) employs quality control personnel that are 
                capable of overseeing the movement and control of 
                covered microorganisms;
                    ``(E) has, in each of the 3 years preceding 
                enrollment in the pilot program, moved plant pests 
                pursuant to permits granted by the Secretary under this 
                Act;
                    ``(F) has the ability and resources to ensure 
                compliance with the requirements under subsection (e) 
                for the duration of the pilot program;
                    ``(G) has implemented the precautions specified in 
                subsection (e) to prevent the unauthorized release of 
                covered microorganisms; and
                    ``(H) has not, during the 5-year period preceding 
                the date on which the relevant application is submitted 
                under subsection (c)--
                            ``(i) caused an unauthorized release of a 
                        plant pest;
                            ``(ii) materially failed to comply with a 
                        permit granted by the Secretary for the 
                        interstate movement of plant pests; or
                            ``(iii) violated any provision of this 
                        section (including regulations promulgated 
                        thereunder).
            ``(6) Responsible party biocontainment facility.--The term 
        `responsible party biocontainment facility'--
                    ``(A) means a physical structure or portion 
                thereof, constructed and maintained in order to contain 
                plant pests, that is under the control of, or operated 
                by, a responsible party within the contiguous United 
                States; and
                    ``(B) includes sites under the control of, or 
                operated by, any parent organization, subsidiary, or 
                affiliate of the responsible party.
    ``(b) Establishment.--Not later than 100 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish a pilot 
program under which the Secretary shall authorize not more than 75 
responsible parties--
            ``(1) to move covered microorganisms in interstate commerce 
        between responsible party biocontainment facilities without a 
        permit; and
            ``(2) to maintain control over and dispose of such covered 
        microorganisms.
    ``(c) Application.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall accept applications 
        from responsible parties for enrollment in the pilot program 
        during a 45-day application period, beginning on the date on 
        which the pilot program is established under subsection (b), 
        using a web-based application process established by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(2) Contents.--An application submitted by a responsible 
        party for enrollment in the pilot program shall include the 
        following:
                    ``(A) The name and contact information of the 
                responsible party and any agent of the responsible 
                party that will be involved in the movement of a 
                covered microorganism.
                    ``(B) The methods by which a covered microorganism 
                will be moved and the measures taken to ensure that 
                there is no unauthorized release of the covered 
                microorganism.
                    ``(C) The manner in which a shipping container, 
                packaging material, or any other material accompanying 
                the covered microorganism will be disposed of to 
                prevent the unauthorized release of a covered 
                microorganism.
                    ``(D) A list of responsible party biocontainment 
                facilities to which the responsible party intends to 
                move covered microorganisms.
                    ``(E) A list of the predominant covered 
                microorganism chassis strains that, at the time of the 
                application, the responsible party intends to move.
                    ``(F) A sworn certification that the responsible 
                party meets each criterion specified in subsection 
                (a)(5).
            ``(3) Supplemental applications.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A responsible party may submit a 
                supplemental application to the Secretary to update a 
                list under subparagraph (D) or (E) of paragraph (2) at 
                any time during such enrollment. The Secretary shall 
                make a determination with respect to such supplemental 
                application not later than 30 days after the date on 
                which such supplemental application is submitted to the 
                Secretary.
                    ``(B) Denials.--The Secretary may only deny a 
                supplemental application if the Secretary has made the 
                determination set forth in subsection (d)(2)(B). A 
                denial of a supplemental application shall be subject 
                to appeal in accordance with the terms specified in 
                subsection (d)(3).
    ``(d) Selection Process.--
            ``(1) Timing.--The Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) evaluate applications received under 
                subsection (c)(1) in the order in which the 
                applications are received; and
                    ``(B) approve or deny all applications received 
                during the period described in that subsection not 
                later than 45 days after the end of that period.
            ``(2) Denial.--The Secretary shall deny an application 
        received under subsection (c)(1) if--
                    ``(A) the Secretary has already selected 75 
                responsible parties for enrollment in the pilot 
                program; or
                    ``(B) the Secretary determines that the responsible 
                party submitting the application does not meet each 
                criterion specified in subsection (a)(5).
            ``(3) Appeal.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A responsible party seeking to 
                enroll in the pilot program whose application has been 
                denied under paragraph (2) may submit to the Secretary 
                a written appeal within--
                            ``(i) the 10-day period beginning on the 
                        date on which the responsible party receives 
                        written notification of the denial; or
                            ``(ii) a longer period, if the responsible 
                        party makes a request for additional time to 
                        submit such appeal and the Secretary grants 
                        such request.
                    ``(B) Decision.--The Secretary shall, within a 
                reasonably prompt period, grant or deny an appeal under 
                subparagraph (A) in writing, which shall include the 
                reasons for the decision.
    ``(e) Requirements.--A responsible party shall, as a condition of 
enrollment in the pilot program, agree to--
            ``(1) maintain, move, and dispose of covered microorganisms 
        in a manner that prevents unauthorized release, spread, 
        dispersal, or persistence of those covered microorganisms in 
        the environment;
            ``(2) unless otherwise authorized under a permit under this 
        Act, only move a covered microorganism between sites that are 
        responsible party biocontainment facilities;
            ``(3) maintain, move, and dispose of each covered 
        microorganism separately from other organisms;
            ``(4) ensure that each covered microorganism is maintained, 
        moved, and disposed of in a manner commensurate with the plant 
        pest risk posed by that covered microorganism;
            ``(5) use, at a minimum, a package for movement--
                    ``(A) that consists of a securely sealed inner and 
                outer container, each of which is an effective barrier 
                to the escape or unauthorized dissemination of the 
                covered microorganism;
                    ``(B) the inner container of which--
                            ``(i) contains all of the applicable 
                        covered microorganism; and
                            ``(ii) is cushioned and sealed in such a 
                        manner as to remain sealed during any shock, 
                        impact, or change in pressure; and
                    ``(C) the outer container of which is rigid and 
                strong enough to withstand typical shipping conditions 
                (such as dropping, stacking, and impact from other 
                freight) without opening;
            ``(6) on request, grant the Secretary access--
                    ``(A) to sample materials associated with the 
                interstate movement of covered microorganisms under the 
                pilot program;
                    ``(B) to observe and inspect the interstate 
                movement of those covered microorganisms; and
                    ``(C) to audit records of the activities of the 
                responsible party under the pilot program;
            ``(7) maintain detailed and accurate records of all 
        activities carried out under the pilot program to demonstrate 
        compliance with the applicable requirements;
            ``(8) on request, grant the Secretary access to each 
        responsible party biocontainment facility for inspection in 
        relation to a responsible party's enrollment in the pilot 
        program; and
            ``(9) comply with any additional requirement for the 
        containment of covered microorganisms in interstate commerce 
        that the Secretary may require if--
                    ``(A) the Secretary determines that such an 
                additional requirement is reasonable; and
                    ``(B) the sole purpose of such additional 
                requirement is to avoid a covered unauthorized release.
    ``(f) Prohibition on Certain Preferences.--In carrying out the 
pilot program, the Secretary shall take no action or promulgate any 
regulation that--
            ``(1) treats genetically engineered covered microorganisms 
        less favorably than nongenetically engineered covered 
        microorganisms; or
            ``(2) limits the quantity or type of covered microorganisms 
        that may be moved under the pilot program between responsible 
        party biocontainment facilities.
    ``(g) Reporting by Responsible Parties.--A responsible party shall 
submit to the Secretary a quarterly report that describes the 
activities of the responsible party under the pilot program during the 
period covered by the report, including--
            ``(1) a description of each covered microorganism moved in 
        interstate commerce, including--
                    ``(A) the 1 or more countries or localities at 
                which the covered microorganism was collected, 
                developed, manufactured, reared, cultivated, or 
                cultured, as applicable;
                    ``(B) the genus, species, and any relevant 
                subspecies and common name information of the covered 
                microorganism; and
                    ``(C) when applicable, a brief description of the 
                genetic modifications made in the microorganism, 
                including--
                            ``(i) the intended phenotype that the 1 or 
                        more modifications are expected to confer;
                            ``(ii) any targeted deletions, insertions, 
                        or base pair substitutions; and
                            ``(iii) the genetic elements used in 
                        imparting the modification, including the name, 
                        donor organism, and a brief description of the 
                        function;
            ``(2) each method by which the covered microorganism was 
        moved in interstate commerce;
            ``(3) the quantity of the covered microorganism moved in 
        interstate commerce; and
            ``(4) the specific responsible party biocontainment 
        facilities between which the covered microorganism was moved in 
        interstate commerce.
    ``(h) Unauthorized Release.--In the case of a covered unauthorized 
release, a responsible party shall--
            ``(1) contact the applicable office within the Animal and 
        Plant Health Inspection Service within 48 hours of discovery of 
        the covered unauthorized release; and
            ``(2) submit to the Secretary a statement of facts 
        pertaining to such release, in writing, not later than 5 
        business days after the date of that discovery.
    ``(i) Disenrollment From Pilot Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall terminate the 
        enrollment of a responsible party in the pilot program if the 
        Secretary has a sound factual basis to determine that--
                    ``(A) the responsible party no longer meets the 
                eligibility criteria of a responsible party described 
                in subsection (a)(5);
                    ``(B) the responsible party has materially failed 
                to comply with the requirements under subsection (e); 
                or
                    ``(C) as a result of a failure by a responsible 
                party under subparagraph (B), the responsible party 
                caused a covered unauthorized release during the pilot 
                program.
            ``(2) Disenrollment decision.--If the Secretary terminates 
        the enrollment of a responsible party under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall submit that decision in writing to the 
        responsible party.
            ``(3) Appeal.--The appeal process described in subsection 
        (d)(3) shall apply in the case of a responsible party that 
        seeks to appeal a termination of enrollment under paragraph 
        (1).
    ``(j) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the date 
that is 3 years after the date on which the Secretary completes the 
application selection process under subsection (d)(1)(B).
    ``(k) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
termination of the pilot program described in subsection (j), the 
Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes--
            ``(1) the activities carried out under the pilot program, 
        including--
                    ``(A) the quantities and identities of covered 
                microorganisms that were moved; and
                    ``(B) a description of any unauthorized release of 
                covered microorganisms that were moved, including a 
                description of the cause and consequence of any 
                unauthorized release; and
            ``(2) recommendations on--
                    ``(A) whether the pilot program should become a 
                permanent program; and
                    ``(B) whether, as a permanent program, changes 
                should be made to the criteria for a responsible party 
                under subsection (a)(5) or to the requirements under 
                subsection (e).''.

                         Subtitle B--Marketing

SEC. 10101. MARKETING ORDERS.

    Section 8e(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 608e-
1(a)), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing 
Agreement Act of 1937, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``almonds,'' after ``onions,''; and
            (2) by striking ``, other than dates for processing,'' each 
        place it appears.

SEC. 10102. LOCAL AGRICULTURE MARKET PROGRAM.

    Section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 
1627c) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (13) as 
                paragraphs (6) through (14), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) Food hub.--The term `food hub' means a business or 
        organization that actively manages the aggregation, 
        distribution, and marketing of source-identified food products 
        to multiple buyers from multiple producers, who are primarily 
        local and regional producers, to strengthen the ability of such 
        producers to satisfy local and regional wholesale, retail, and 
        institutional demands.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(4), by inserting ``, regional food 
        chain coordination,'' after ``collaboration'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(4), by striking ``stakeholders'' and 
        inserting ``stakeholders before and after providing grants 
        under the program'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (I), by striking ``or'' 
                        ;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (J)(ii), by striking 
                        the period at the end and inserting ``; or''; 
                        and
                            (iii) by inserting at the end the 
                        following:
                    ``(K) to support the purchase of special purpose 
                equipment.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by redesignating clauses (vii) 
                                and (viii) as clauses (viii) and (ix), 
                                respectively; and
                                    (II) by inserting after clause (vi) 
                                the following:
                            ``(vii) a food hub;'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding clause 
                                (i), by striking ``applications that'' 
                                and inserting ``applications, outreach, 
                                and technical assistance that would'' ;
                                    (II) in clause (i), by striking 
                                ``or'' at the end;
                                    (III) by redesignating clause (ii) 
                                as clause (iii);
                                    (IV) by inserting after clause (i) 
                                the following:
                            ``(ii) provide greater geographic balance 
                        relative to the benefits of the Program; or''; 
                        and
                                    (V) in clause (iii) (as so 
                                redesignated), by striking ``are used'' 
                                and inserting ``be used'';
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) 
                        and (E) as subparagraphs (E) and (F); and
                            (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 
                        the following:
                    ``(D) Simplified applications.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        establish a simplified application form for 
                        eligible entities described in subparagraph (B) 
                        that--
                                    ``(I) request less than $100,000; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) choose from the project 
                                categories described in clause (ii), 
                                which shall include a specific, limited 
                                set of key activities with predefined 
                                requirements established by the 
                                Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Project categories.--The Secretary 
                        shall establish a simplified application form 
                        for the following project categories but may 
                        include additional project categories as 
                        necessary:
                                    ``(I) Direct-to-consumer 
                                projects.--In the case of a direct-to-
                                consumer project, an application form 
                                described in clause (i) may be 
                                available for the following categories 
                                of projects:
                                            ``(aa) An outreach and 
                                        promotion project.
                                            ``(bb) A project to provide 
                                        funding for farmers market 
                                        manager staff time.
                                            ``(cc) A project to provide 
                                        vendor training.
                                            ``(dd) A planning and 
                                        design project.
                                            ``(ee) A data collection 
                                        and evaluation project.
                                    ``(II) Local and regional food 
                                markets and enterprise projects.--In 
                                the case of a local and regional food 
                                market and enterprise project, an 
                                application form described in clause 
                                (i) may be available for the following 
                                categories of projects:
                                            ``(aa) A food hub 
                                        feasibility study project.
                                            ``(bb) A project to provide 
                                        funding for regional food chain 
                                        coordination staff time.
                                            ``(cc) A project to provide 
                                        technical assistance.
                                            ``(dd) A data collection 
                                        and evaluation project.
                                            ``(ee) A project to support 
                                        the purchase of special purpose 
                                        equipment.'';
            (5) in subsection (e)(2)(A), by striking ``2019 through 
        2023'' and all that follows through the period at the end and 
        inserting the following: ``2025 through 2029 to support 
        partnerships--
                            ``(i) to plan a local or regional food 
                        system;
                            ``(ii) to implement a local or regional 
                        food system plan;
                            ``(iii) to develop and implement a regional 
                        food chain coordination project; and
                            ``(iv) to develop and implement a regional 
                        outreach, technical assistance, and evaluation 
                        project.'';
            (6) in subsection (f)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``subsection 
                (d); or'' and inserting ``subsection (d)(5)'';
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as 
                subparagraph (C); and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
                    ``(B) are eligible to submit an application in 
                accordance with subsection (d)(6)(D); or''; and
            (7) in subsection (i)(3)(B)--
                    (A) by striking ``Of the funds'' and inserting the 
                following:
                            ``(i) In general.--Of the funds''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) Simplified applications.--Of the 
                        funds made available for grants under 
                        subsection (d)(6) for a fiscal year, not less 
                        than 10 percent, and not more than 50 percent, 
                        shall be used to provide grants to eligible 
                        entities that submit an application in 
                        accordance with subsection (d)(6)(D).''.

SEC. 10103. ACER ACCESS AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 12306 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 1632c) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections 
        (f) and (g), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Consultations.--
            ``(1) In general.--Beginning with the first request for 
        applications under this section that occurs at least 1 year 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, not later than 6 
        months before such a request for applications, the Secretary 
        shall solicit input from maple syrup industry stakeholders with 
        respect to the research and education priorities of the maple 
        syrup industry.
            ``(2) Consideration.--The Secretary shall consider the 
        information provided through the consultation required under 
        paragraph (1) when making grants under this section.''; and
            (3) in subsection (g), as so redesignated, by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 10104. ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA INITIATIVE.

    Section 7407 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 5925c) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) collect and publish cost-of-production data for 
        organic milk, through support from regional and national 
        programs, including regularly reported data related to--
                    ``(A) the costs of major organic feedstuffs, 
                including--
                            ``(i) the prices for major organic 
                        feedstuffs produced domestically;
                            ``(ii) the prices for imported major 
                        organic feedstuffs; and
                            ``(iii) all other costs relating to the 
                        production of organic milk;
                    ``(B) establishment of an Organic All Milk Prices 
                Survey, which shall be analogous to the existing All 
                Milk Prices Survey conducted by the National 
                Agricultural Statistics Service, to gather and report 
                monthly data about the amounts organic dairy farmers 
                are being paid for organic milk and prices received for 
                organic dairy cows, including--
                            ``(i) national data; and
                            ``(ii) data relating to, at a minimum, the 
                        6 regions with the greatest quantity of organic 
                        dairy production; and
                    ``(C) periodic organic milk reporting under which 
                the Secretary, using data collected by the National 
                Agricultural Statistics Service, the Economic Research 
                Service, or the Agricultural Marketing Service, 
                publishes new periodic reports that include, or add to 
                existing periodic reports relating to, data for organic 
                milk, which shall be equivalent to data reported for 
                conventionally produced milk.''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 
                2025 through 2029.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 10105. ORGANIC CERTIFICATION.

    (a) Reports.--Section 2122(d)(1) of the Organic Foods Production 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6521(d)(1)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and 
inserting ``2029''.
    (b) Organic Technical Assistance.--The Organic Foods Production Act 
of 1990 is amended by inserting after section 2122A (7 U.S.C. 6521a) 
the following:

``SEC. 2122B. ORGANIC TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.

    ``(a) In General.--In carrying out this title, the Secretary may 
provide technical assistance, outreach, and education to support 
organic production through existing programs implemented by a covered 
agency.
    ``(b) Covered Agency.--For the purposes of this section, the term 
`covered agency' means--
            ``(1) the Agricultural Marketing Service;
            ``(2) the Agricultural Research Service;
            ``(3) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture;
            ``(4) the Farm Service Agency;
            ``(5) the Risk Management Agency;
            ``(6) the Natural Resources Conservation Service;
            ``(7) the Rural Business-Cooperative Service;
            ``(8) the Food and Nutrition Service; and
            ``(9) other agencies, as determined by the Secretary.''.
    (c) Funding.--Section 2123(b)(6) of the Organic Foods Production 
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6522(b)(6)) is amended by striking ``for fiscal 
year 2023'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2029''.
    (d) Modernization and Improvement of International Trade Technology 
Systems and Data Collection Funding.--Section 2123(c)(4) of the Organic 
Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6522(c)(4)) is amended, in the 
matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``and $1,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2024'' and inserting ``, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, 
and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2025''.

SEC. 10106. NATIONAL ORGANIC CERTIFICATION COST-SHARE PROGRAM.

    Section 10606(d)(1)(C) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment 
Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 6523(d)(1)(C)) is amended by striking ``for each 
of fiscal years 2022 through 2024'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal 
years 2022 through 2029''.

SEC. 10107. REPORT ON PROCUREMENT.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Farm, 
Food, and National Security Act of 2024, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
report that examines--
            (1) the process by which domestic commodities or products 
        (as defined in section 220.16 of title 7, Code of Federal 
        Regulations (or any successor regulation)) are procured by the 
        Secretary, including the solicitation process used to procure 
        such commodities or products;
            (2) barriers to entry into such procurement process that 
        are for nontraditional, culturally relevant, or local and 
        regional commodities or products;
            (3) the diet quality and accessibility of commodities or 
        products that are so procured; and
            (4) the Secretary's recommendations for administrative, 
        regulatory, and legislative changes to improve such procurement 
        process.

                     Subtitle C--Regulatory Reform

      PART I--FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT

SEC. 10201. EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 2 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, 
and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (v) to read as follows:
    ``(v) Plant Regulator.--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `plant regulator' means any 
        substance or mixture of substances intended, through 
        physiological action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of 
        growth or rate of maturation, or for otherwise altering the 
        behavior of plants or the produce thereof.
            ``(2) Exclusions.--Such term shall not include--
                    ``(A) substances to the extent that they are--
                            ``(i) intended to be produced and used 
                        within a plant; or
                            ``(ii) intended as plant nutrients, trace 
                        elements, nutritional chemicals, plant 
                        inoculants, soil amendments, or vitamin hormone 
                        products; or
                    ``(B) plant biostimulants that--
                            ``(i) have a low-risk profile in relation 
                        to humans and other organisms, as determined by 
                        the Agency; and
                            ``(ii) are of biological origin or include 
                        chemical compounds that are synthetically 
                        derived, but structurally-similar and 
                        functionally identical to, substances of 
                        biological origin.'';
            (2) in subsection (hh)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``substances.'' and inserting 
                        ``substances''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``volatilization 
                                urease'' and inserting 
                                ``volatilization, or urease'';
                                    (II) by striking the period at the 
                                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) a plant biostimulant; or
            ``(5) a nutritional chemical.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(pp) Plant Biostimulant.--The term `plant biostimulant' means any 
substance or mixture of substances that, when applied to seeds, plants, 
the rhizosphere, or soil or other growth media, acts to support a 
plant's natural nutrition processes independently of the nutrient 
content of that substance or mixture of substances, and that thereby 
improves--
            ``(1) nutrient availability, uptake, or use efficiency;
            ``(2) tolerance to abiotic stress; or
            ``(3) consequent growth, development, quality, or yield.
    ``(qq) Nutritional Chemical.--The term `nutritional chemical' means 
any substance or mixture of substances that interacts with plant 
nutrients in a manner that improves nutrient availability or aids the 
plant in acquiring or utilizing plant nutrients.
    ``(rr) Vitamin Hormone Product.--The term `vitamin hormone product' 
means a product that--
            ``(1) consists of a mixture of plant hormones, plant 
        nutrients, plant inoculants, soil amendments, trace elements, 
        nutritional chemicals, plant biostimulants, or vitamins that is 
        intended for the improvement, maintenance, survival, health, 
        and propagation of plants;
            ``(2) is nontoxic and nonpoisonous in the undiluted 
        packaged concentrations of the product; and
            ``(3) is not intended for use on food crop sites and is 
        labeled accordingly.
    ``(ss) Plant-incorporated Protectant.--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `plant-incorporated protectant' 
        means a pesticide that is--
                    ``(A) intended for preventing, destroying, 
                repelling, or mitigating a pest; and
                    ``(B) a substance or mixture of substances intended 
                to be produced and used within a living plant, or in 
                the produce thereof, and the genetic material necessary 
                for its production.
            ``(2) Inclusions.--Such term includes any inert ingredient 
        (as defined in section 174.3 of title 40, Code of Federal 
        Regulations (or any successor regulation)).''.
    (b) Exemption From Regulation.--Section 25(b) of the Federal 
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136w(b)) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Exemption of Pesticides.--
            ``(1) Exemption by rule.--The Administrator may exempt from 
        the requirements of this Act by regulation any pesticide which 
        the Administrator determines either--
                    ``(A) to be adequately regulated by another Federal 
                agency; or
                    ``(B) to be of a character which is unnecessary to 
                be subject to this Act in order to carry out the 
                purposes of this Act.
            ``(2) Exemption for certain plant-incorporated 
        protectants.--
                    ``(A) Exemption.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Upon the issuance of 
                        guidance as described in subparagraph (B), 
                        plant-incorporated protectants resulting from 
                        endogenous genetic material found within or 
                        that could arise from the plant's gene pool are 
                        exempt from the requirements of this Act.
                            ``(ii) Exception.--A specific plant-
                        incorporated protectant arising from endogenous 
                        genetic material found within or that could 
                        arise from the plant's gene pool shall not be 
                        exempt from the requirements of this Act if the 
                        Administrator determines that such plant-
                        incorporated protectant is of a character which 
                        is necessary to be subject to this Act in order 
                        to carry out the purposes of this Act.
                    ``(B) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National 
                Security Act of 2024, the Administrator shall issue 
                guidance for the implementation of subparagraph (A). 
                The Administrator may update such guidance, as the 
                Administrator determines to be appropriate.
                    ``(C) Order.--
                            ``(i) In general.--If the Administrator 
                        makes a determination described in subparagraph 
                        (A)(ii) with respect to a plant-incorporated 
                        protectant, the Administrator shall issue an 
                        order explaining the basis for such 
                        determination, which may be issued directly to 
                        any person who owns, controls, or has custody 
                        of such plant-incorporated protectant or 
                        published in the Federal Register.
                            ``(ii) Effect of order.--After receipt or 
                        publication of an order described in clause 
                        (i), the plant-incorporated protectant 
                        described in the order will no longer be exempt 
                        from the requirements of this Act.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--Section 17(c) of the Federal 
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136o(c)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``(as defined in section 174.3 of title 40, 
                Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor 
                regulation))'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) that plant-incorporated protectant is exempt 
                under section 25(b)(2) or part 174 of title 40, Code of 
                Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation).''; 
                and
            (2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ``(as defined in 
        section 174.3 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or any 
        successor regulation))''.

SEC. 10202. COORDINATION.

    Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide 
Act (7 U.S.C. 136a) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Coordination.--
            ``(1) Risk mitigation measures.--If any risk mitigation 
        measures are required for any pesticide registered under this 
        Act, the Administrator shall--
                    ``(A) develop such measures in coordination with 
                the Secretary of Agriculture; and
                    ``(B) conduct, and publish in the docket, with the 
                corresponding action, an economic analysis determining 
                the cost of implementation of such measures.
            ``(2) Data and information.--
                    ``(A) Coordination of data and information.--With 
                regard to the registration or registration review of a 
                pesticide under this Act and for making a determination 
                under section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
                Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 346a) with respect to any 
                action that impacts the sale, distribution, or use of a 
                pesticide, the Administrator shall coordinate with the 
                Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Director 
                of the Office of Pest Management Policy, so that the 
                Administrator has for the Administrator's use and 
                consideration for such processes--
                            ``(i) agronomic use data from--
                                    ``(I) the Department of 
                                Agriculture; and
                                    ``(II) industry; and
                            ``(ii) any information relating to the 
                        availability and economic viability of 
                        alternatives to such pesticide.
                    ``(B) Data and information.--When issuing any 
                decision resulting from the processes referred to in 
                subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall publish--
                            ``(i) a description of the use by the 
                        Administrator of any data or information 
                        provided by the Secretary of Agriculture under 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) the determination of the 
                        Administrator on whether to use such data or 
                        information, including, as applicable, the 
                        reasons that the data or information was not 
                        used.
            ``(3) Reasonable and prudent actions and measures.--For 
        implementation of reasonable and prudent actions and measures 
        with respect to the use of a pesticide registered under this 
        Act, the Administrator shall coordinate with the Secretary of 
        Agriculture, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary 
        of Commerce--
                    ``(A) to review the development of any such actions 
                and measures that are a result of consultations 
                relating to actions under this Act;
                    ``(B) to fully consider the risks and benefits of 
                any such actions and measures in a manner consistent 
                with practices established to evaluate the risks and 
                benefits of a pesticide registered under this Act; and
                    ``(C) to provide feedback to the Secretary of the 
                Interior and the Secretary of Commerce on decisions 
                relating to any such actions and measures that may 
                affect end users of a pesticide registered under this 
                Act.
            ``(4) Waiver.--The coordination requirements imposed by 
        this subsection may be waived or modified for a specific action 
        to the extent agreed upon by the Administrator, the Secretary 
        of Agriculture, and the registrant so long as such agreement is 
        published by the Administrator in the docket for the 
        corresponding action.''.

SEC. 10203. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.

    Section 3(c)(11) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and 
Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a(c)(11)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Administrator shall'' and 
                inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--The Administrator 
                        shall''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) Participation.--The Secretary of 
                        Agriculture shall include the Director of the 
                        Office of Pest Management Policy in all 
                        meetings of the interagency working group.'';
            (2) in subparagraph (D)--
                    (A) in clause (iv)--
                            (i) by striking ``every 180 days 
                        thereafter'' and inserting ``each year 
                        thereafter''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``during the 5-year period 
                        beginning on that date''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) Availability.--All reports required 
                        under this subparagraph shall be published on 
                        the website of the Environmental Protection 
                        Agency.''; and
            (3) by amending subparagraph (E) to read as follows:
                    ``(E) Consultation.--
                            ``(i) Working group with private sector.--
                        In carrying out the duties under this 
                        paragraph, the working group shall, as 
                        appropriate--
                                    ``(I) consult, including through 
                                public meetings, with representatives 
                                of interested industry stakeholders and 
                                nongovernmental organizations not less 
                                than once every year; and
                                    ``(II) take into consideration 
                                factors, such as actual and potential 
                                differences in interest between, and 
                                the views of, those stakeholders and 
                                organizations.
                            ``(ii) Administrator with working group.--
                        Before the Administrator implements any policy, 
                        strategy, workplan, or pilot program regarding 
                        the application of the Endangered Species Act 
                        of 1973 (16 U.S.C.1531 et seq.) to the 
                        processes for the registration or registration 
                        review of a pesticide under this Act, the 
                        Administrator shall--
                                    ``(I) consult with the covered 
                                agencies on the policy, strategy, 
                                workplan, or pilot program and take 
                                into consideration input received; and
                                    ``(II) publish the input received 
                                from the covered agencies in the docket 
                                with the corresponding policy, 
                                strategy, workplan, or pilot 
                                program.''.

SEC. 10204. UNIFORMITY OF PESTICIDE LABELING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 24(b) of the Federal Insecticide, 
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136v(b)) shall be applied to 
require uniformity in national pesticide labeling, and prohibit any 
State, instrumentality or political subdivision thereof, or a court 
from directly or indirectly imposing or continuing in effect any 
requirements for, or penalize or hold liable any entity for failing to 
comply with requirements with respect to, labeling or packaging that is 
in addition to or different from the labeling or packaging approved by 
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (referred to 
in this section as the ``Administrator'') under such Act (7 U.S.C. 136 
et seq.), including any requirements relating to warnings on such 
labeling or packaging.
    (b) Prohibition.--The Administrator may not issue or adopt any 
guidance or any policy, take any regulatory action, or approve any 
labeling (or change to such labeling) that is inconsistent with or in 
any respect different from the conclusion of--
            (1) a human health assessment performed pursuant to the 
        Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 
        136 et seq.); or
            (2) a carcinogenicity classification for a pesticide 
        performed pursuant to such Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.).

SEC. 10205. AUTHORITY OF STATES.

    Section 24 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide 
Act (7 U.S.C. 136v) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading by inserting ``and localities'' 
        after ``states''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Local Regulation.--A political subdivision of a State shall 
not impose, or continue in effect, any requirement relating to the 
sale, distribution, labeling, application, or use of any pesticide or 
device that is subject to regulation--
            ``(1) by a State pursuant to this section; or
            ``(2) by the Administrator under this Act.''.

              PART II--OTHER REGULATORY REFORM PROVISIONS

SEC. 10211. MULTIPLE CROP AND PESTICIDE USE SURVEY.

    Section 10109 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 4906) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Administration.--
            ``(1) Submission.--The Secretary shall submit to the 
        Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and make 
        publicly available, the survey described in subsection (a).
            ``(2) Commercial data.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Director of the Office of Pest Management Policy, shall obtain 
        commercial data on pesticide use to inform the conduct of, and 
        enhance the results of, the survey described in subsection 
        (a).''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by amending paragraph (1) to read as 
        follows:
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this 
        section--
                    ``(A) $500,000 for fiscal year 2019, to remain 
                available until expended;
                    ``(B) $100,000 for fiscal year 2024, to remain 
                available until expended; and
                    ``(C) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, to remain 
                available until expended.''.

SEC. 10212. CRITICAL MINERALS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this section, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Agriculture, shall evaluate potash, phosphates, and 
other minerals necessary for the production of fertilizer and other 
agricultural products used to promote crop development for designation 
as critical minerals under section 7002(c)(4) of the Energy Act of 2020 
(30 U.S.C. 1606(c)(4)).
    (b) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary of the Interior, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall evaluate current 
policies related to permitting and leasing of projects for the 
exploration, development, and production of the minerals described in 
subsection (a) and issue recommendations to support domestic production 
of such minerals to--
            (1) the Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and
            (2) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this section, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Agriculture, shall prepare a report that describes how 
each mineral described in subsection (a) meets each aspect of the 
methodology under section 7002(c)(3) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 
U.S.C. 1606(c)(3), as of the date of enactment of this section, to 
determine eligibility for the list as described under section 
7002(c)(4) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 1606(c)(4) and issue 
such report to--
            (1) the Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and
            (2) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate.

SEC. 10213. SAFE HARBOR FOR CERTAIN DISCHARGES OF WILDLAND FIRE 
              CHEMICALS.

    (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), no court may enjoin 
under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) 
a covered entity from conducting an aerial application of a covered 
fire retardant and water enhancer for wildfire suppression, control, or 
prevention activities that results in a discharge, if such aerial 
application is conducted in accordance with the requirements of the 
Federal Facility Compliance Agreement between the Environmental 
Protection Agency and the U.S. Forest Service, as agreed to on February 
16, 2023.
    (b) Period of Application.--Subsection (a) shall apply to any 
aerial application described in such subsection that is conducted 
before the effective date of a permit issued by the Administrator of 
the Environmental Protection Agency or a State, as applicable, under 
section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1342) 
that authorizes the discharge, from such aerial application, of a 
covered fire retardant and water enhancer for wildfire suppression, 
control, or prevention activities.
    (c) Effect.--Nothing in this section affects the authority of any 
court under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with respect to any 
discharge resulting from an aerial application not conducted in 
accordance with the requirements described in subsection (a).
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                    (A) any Federal agency, agency of a State or 
                political subdivision thereof, or Tribal agency, 
                authorized by law to conduct an aerial application of 
                fire retardants and water enhancers for wildfire 
                suppression, control, or prevention activities; and
                    (B) any contractor, subcontractor, or other agent 
                of an agency described in subparagraph (A).
            (2) Covered fire retardant and water enhancer.--The term 
        ``covered fire retardant and water enhancer'' means a fire 
        retardant and water enhancer that--
                    (A) has been evaluated, qualified, and approved by 
                the Secretary; and
                    (B) appears on the most current Forest Service 
                Qualified Products List.
            (3) Discharge; state.--The terms ``discharge'' and 
        ``State'' have the meanings given those terms in section 502 of 
        the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1362).
    (e) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on the date 
that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this section.

SEC. 10214. SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
              AGENCY.

    Section 8 of the Environmental Research, Development, and 
Demonstration Authorization Act of 1978 (42 U.S.C. 4365) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``the Committee on 
        Environment and Public Works of the United States Senate, or 
        the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, on Energy and 
        Commerce, or on Public Works and Transportation of the House of 
        Representatives'' and inserting ``the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Environment and 
        Public Works, or the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
        Forestry of the Senate or the Committee on Science, Space, and 
        Technology, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee 
        on Transportation and Infrastructure, or the Committee on 
        Agriculture of the House of Representatives''; and
            (2) in subsection (i)--
                    (A) by striking ``the Committees on Environment and 
                Public Works and Agriculture of the Senate and the 
                Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy 
                and Commerce, and Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives'' and inserting ``the Committee on 
                Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on 
                Environment and Public Works, and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and 
                the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the 
                Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure, and the Committee on 
                Agriculture of the House of Representatives''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``and any additional agriculture-
                related committees and investigative panels established 
                pursuant to subsection (e)(2)(A)(ii)'' before the 
                period.

SEC. 10215. OFFICE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY.

    Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 220 
(7 U.S.C. 6920) the following:

``SEC. 220A. OFFICE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish in the Department 
an Office of Biotechnology Policy to provide for the effective 
coordination of policies and activities within the Department of 
Agriculture related to biotechnology, biomanufacturing, synthetic 
biology, and related emerging technologies, while taking into account 
the effects of regulatory actions of other government agencies.
    ``(b) Director.--The Office of Biotechnology Policy shall be under 
the direction of a Director appointed by the Secretary, who shall 
report directly to the Secretary or a designee of the Secretary.
    ``(c) Duties.--The Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy 
shall--
            ``(1) develop and coordinate Department policy on 
        biotechnology and related topics;
            ``(2) coordinate activities and services of the Department 
        on biotechnology and related topics, including--
                    ``(A) research and development;
                    ``(B) extension and education;
                    ``(C) communication;
                    ``(D) regulation and labeling; and
                    ``(E) commercialization, use, and trade;
            ``(3) assist other offices and agencies of the Department 
        in fulfilling their responsibilities related to biotechnology 
        under applicable Federal law; and
            ``(4) perform such other functions as may be required under 
        Federal law or prescribed by the Secretary.
    ``(d) Interagency Coordination.--In carrying out the duties under 
subsection (b), the Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy 
shall provide leadership to ensure coordination of interagency 
activities with the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug 
Administration, and other Federal and State agencies.
    ``(e) Outreach.--The Director of the Office of Biotechnology Policy 
shall consult with biotechnology developers, academics, agricultural 
producers, and other entities that may be affected by biotechnology-
related activities or actions of the Department or other Federal and 
State agencies as necessary in carrying out the Office's 
responsibilities under this section.
    ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.''.

                        TITLE XI--CROP INSURANCE

SEC. 11001. SPECIALTY CROP ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--Section 505 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 
U.S.C. 1505) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (E), 
                        (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (F), (G), and 
                        (H), respectively;
                            (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (D) 
                        the following:
                    ``(E) The Chairperson of the Specialty Crop 
                Advisory Committee established by subsection (f).''; 
                and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (H), as so 
                        redesignated, by striking ``specialty crop'' 
                        and inserting ``livestock'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``subparagraphs 
                (E), (F), and (G) of paragraph (2)'' and inserting 
                ``subparagraphs (F), (G), and (H) of paragraph (2) and 
                the members of the Specialty Crop Advisory Committee 
                described in subsection (f)(2)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Specialty Crop Advisory Committee.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) establish a Specialty Crop Advisory Committee 
                (in this subsection, referred to as `the Committee'); 
                and
                    ``(B) appoint to the Committee in accordance with 
                paragraph (2) the initial members that will assist the 
                Corporation in the research, creation, and improvement 
                of policies or plans of insurance for specialty crops.
            ``(2) Composition.--
                    ``(A) Chairperson.--The chairperson of the 
                Committee shall be an individual with experience in 
                crop insurance and familiarity with the unique nature 
                of the specialty crop industry.
                    ``(B) Members.--The Committee shall consist of--
                            ``(i) individuals with an understanding of 
                        the production methods, markets, and risks 
                        (including losses due to weather, trade 
                        damages, and supply chain disruptions) unique 
                        to specialty crop production;
                            ``(ii) not less than 5 producers and not 
                        more than 10 total members; and
                            ``(iii) not less than one producer from 
                        each of the West, Midwest, South, and Northeast 
                        regions of the United States (as identified by 
                        the Bureau of the Census).
            ``(3) Duties.--The Committee established by this subsection 
        shall--
                    ``(A) advise the manager of the Corporation on 
                issues relating to specialty crop insurance policies;
                    ``(B) provide input, through the Chairperson of the 
                Committee, to the Board on decisions relating to 
                specialty crop insurance policies;
                    ``(C) review available educational programs and 
                make recommendations to the manager of the Corporation 
                on how to enhance the effectiveness of such programs 
                for specialty crop producers;
                    ``(D) provide recommendations to the manager of the 
                Corporation regarding the presentation of policies to 
                the Board required by section 508(a)(6);
                    ``(E) advise the manager of the Corporation on 
                entering into partnerships to carry out subsections (d) 
                and (e)(2)(B) of section 522; and
                    ``(F) meet not less than two times each year to 
                carry out these duties.''.
    (b) Specialty Crops Coordinator.--Section 507(g)(2) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1507(g)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) Responsibilities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Specialty Crops Coordinator 
                shall have primary responsibility for addressing the 
                needs of specialty crop producers, and for providing 
                information and advice, in connection with the 
                activities of the Corporation to improve and expand the 
                insurance program for specialty crops.
                    ``(B) Other duties.--In carrying out this 
                paragraph, the Specialty Crops Coordinator shall--
                            ``(i) act as the liaison of the Corporation 
                        with representatives of specialty crop 
                        producers and the Specialty Crop Advisory 
                        Committee; and
                            ``(ii) assist the Corporation with the 
                        knowledge, expertise, and familiarity of the 
                        producers with risk management and production 
                        issues pertaining to specialty crops.''.
    (c) Annual Review of New and Specialty Crops.--Section 508(a)(6)(A) 
of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(6)(A)) is amended 
by inserting ``(in consultation with the Specialty Crop Advisory 
Committee)'' after ``Corporation''.

SEC. 11002. IDENTIFICATION OF HOLDERS OF SUBSTANTIAL INTERESTS.

    Section 506(m) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1506(m)) 
is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Identification of holders of substantial interests.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Manager of the Corporation 
                may require each policyholder to provide to the 
                Manager, at such times and in such manner as prescribed 
                by the Manager, the name of each individual or other 
                entity that acquires or holds a substantial beneficial 
                interest in such policyholder.
                    ``(B) Extension available.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of a 
                        policyholder that does not provide the 
                        information required pursuant to subparagraph 
                        (A) to the Manager at the time prescribed by 
                        the Manager, the Manager shall allow such 
                        policyholder to provide to the Manager such 
                        information at any time during the applicable 
                        crop year.
                            ``(ii) Exception.--Clause (i) shall not 
                        apply to a policyholder that an approved 
                        insurance provider determines--
                                    ``(I) would receive 
                                disproportionate benefits under a crop 
                                insurance program as a result of 
                                failing to provide the information 
                                required pursuant to subparagraph (A) 
                                to the Manager at the time prescribed 
                                by the Manager; or
                                    ``(II) failed to provide such 
                                information to avoid an obligation or 
                                requirement under any State or Federal 
                                law.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (4), by striking ``5 percent'' and 
        inserting ``10 percent''.

SEC. 11003. ACTUARIAL SOUNDNESS OF CERTAIN NEW PRODUCTS.

    Section 506(n) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1506(n)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Actuarial soundness of certain new products.--The 
        Corporation shall--
                    ``(A) review each policy or product developed under 
                section 508(h) periodically for actuarial soundness; 
                and
                    ``(B) take such actions, in consultation with 
                persons described in paragraph (1)(A) of such section, 
                as are necessary to improve the actuarial soundness of 
                such policies and products.''.

SEC. 11004. COVERAGE OF REVENUE LOSSES.

    Section 508(a)(1) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(a)) is amended, in the second sentence, by inserting ``or a 
decline in the market price of the insured commodity, so long as such 
decline was not directly caused by the producer (as determined by the 
Secretary)'' before the period at the end.

SEC. 11005. SUPPLEMENTAL AND AGGREGATE COVERAGE ENHANCEMENTS.

    (a) Coverage Level.--Section 508(c)(4) of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(c)(4)) is amended--
            (1) by amending subparagraph (A)(ii) to read as follows:
                            ``(ii) may be purchased at any level not to 
                        exceed--
                                    ``(I) in the case of the individual 
                                yield or revenue coverage, 85 percent;
                                    ``(II) in the case of individual 
                                yield or revenue coverage aggregated 
                                across multiple commodities, 90 
                                percent; and
                                    ``(III) in the case of area yield 
                                or revenue coverage (as determined by 
                                the Corporation), 95 percent.''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (C)--
                    (A) clause (ii), by striking ``14'' and inserting 
                ``10''; and
                    (B) in clause (iii)(I), by striking ``86'' and 
                inserting ``90''.
    (b) Premium Subsidy.--Section 508(e)(2)(H)(i) of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(2)(H)(i)) is amended by striking ``65'' 
and inserting ``80''.

SEC. 11006. LIMITATION ON FARM PROGRAM PARTICIPATION.

    (a) In General.--The Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et 
seq) is amended--
            (1) in section 508(c)(4)(C)(iv)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``crops and''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Crops'' and all that follows 
                through ``acres'' and inserting ``Acres''; and
            (2) in section 508B(f) is amended by striking ``Effective 
        beginning with the 2019 crop year'' and inserting ``Effective 
        for the 2019 through 2024 crop years''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 
2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015), as amended by section 1103, is further amended by 
adding at the end the following subsection:
    ``(i) Limitation.--Beginning with the 2025 crop year--
            ``(1) in the case of a farm for which a producer obtains 
        coverage under the Stacked Income Protection Plan for upland 
        cotton under section 508B of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 
        U.S.C. 1508b) for a crop year, such farm shall not be eligible 
        to receive payments for seed cotton for such crop year under--
                    ``(A) price loss coverage under section 1116; and
                    ``(B) agriculture risk coverage under section 1117; 
                and
            ``(2) in the case of a crop on a farm for which a producer 
        obtains supplemental coverage under section 508(c)(4)(C) of the 
        Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(c)(4)(C)) for a crop 
        year, such crop on such farm shall not be eligible to receive 
        payments under agriculture risk coverage under section 1117 for 
        such crop year.''.

SEC. 11007. LIMITATION ON INTEREST ACCRUAL.

    Section 508(d) of Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(d)) is 
amended by inserting at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(5) Limitation on interest accrued.--Effective beginning 
        with the 2025 reinsurance year, in the case of a producer that 
        is delinquent in paying a premium or administrative fee, an 
        approved insurance provider may charge such producer with 
        respect to such delinquency an amount less than or equal to 1 
        percent of the simple interest of the amount for which such 
        producer is delinquent, for each month (not to exceed 60-
        consecutive months) the producer is so delinquent.''.

SEC. 11008. CROP INSURANCE SUPPORT FOR BEGINNING AND VETERAN FARMERS 
              AND RANCHERS.

    (a) Definition of Beginning and Veteran Farmer or Rancher.--Section 
502(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)) is amended
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``5 crop years'' and 
        inserting ``10 crop years''; and
            (2) in paragraph (14)(B)--
                    (A) in clause (ii) by striking ``5 years'' and 
                inserting ``10 years''; and
                    (B) in clause (iii) by striking ``5-year'' and 
                inserting ``10-year''.
    (b) Increase in Assistance.--Section 508(e)(8) of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(8)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding'';
            (2) by striking ``is 10 percentage points greater than'' 
        and inserting ``is the amount of percentage points specified in 
        subparagraph (B) greater than''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Percentage points adjustments.--For purposes 
                of subparagraph (A), the percentage points specified in 
                this subparagraph are as follows:
                            ``(i) For each of the first and second 
                        reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or 
                        rancher participates as a beginning farmer or 
                        rancher in the applicable policy or plan of 
                        insurance, 15 percentage points.
                            ``(ii) For the third reinsurance year that 
                        a beginning farmer or rancher participates as a 
                        beginning farmer or rancher in the applicable 
                        policy or plan of insurance, 13 percentage 
                        points.
                            ``(iii) For the fourth reinsurance year 
                        that a beginning farmer or rancher participates 
                        as a beginning farmer or rancher in the 
                        applicable policy or plan of insurance, 11 
                        percentage points.
                            ``(iv) For each of the fifth through tenth 
                        reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or 
                        rancher participates as a beginning farmer or 
                        rancher in the applicable policy or plan of 
                        insurance, 10 percentage points.''.

SEC. 11009. MARKETABILITY.

    Section 508(h)(4) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1508(h)(4)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by amending clause (iii) to read 
        as follows:
                            ``(iii) Application.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Except as 
                                provided in subclause (II), this 
                                subparagraph shall apply with respect 
                                to a proposal only during the period 
                                preceding any approval of the proposal 
                                by the Board.
                                    ``(II) Exception.--An approved 
                                insurance provider that submits a 
                                letter of support for a concept 
                                proposal, a policy, or plan of 
                                insurance shall--
                                            ``(aa) not be considered 
                                        the public for purposes of 
                                        clause (ii);
                                            ``(bb) have access to data 
                                        and other product development 
                                        information submitted to the 
                                        Board during its review under 
                                        this subsection, and;
                                            ``(cc) be subject to the 
                                        confidentiality requirements as 
                                        applicable to the Board 
                                        pursuant to clauses (i) and 
                                        (ii).'';
            (2) in subparagraph (D), by adding at the end the 
        following:
                            ``(iv) Marketability deadline.--Any new 
                        policy, plan of insurance, or other material 
                        approved by the Board under this subsection 
                        during a reinsurance year and after the 
                        Standard Reinsurance Agreement closing date of 
                        July 1, shall not be implemented for such 
                        reinsurance year unless at least 90 days prior 
                        to the sales closing date for such policy, plan 
                        of insurance, or other material, the Board 
                        makes available to the approved insurance 
                        providers all necessary, as determined by the 
                        Board, handbooks, training materials, and other 
                        resources associated with such policy, plan of 
                        insurance, or other material.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) Marketability determination.--
                            ``(i) Submission to the board.--Prior to 
                        the approval of a product, any approved 
                        insurance provider that submitted a letter of 
                        support for the product shall provide 
                        information and analysis to the Board on the 
                        marketability of such product.
                            ``(ii) Deemed marketable.--In reviewing a 
                        policy, plan of insurance, or other material 
                        submitted to the Board under this subsection 
                        such product shall be deemed marketable in 
                        accordance with paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I) if at 
                        least one approved insurance provider, in its 
                        submission pursuant to clause (i), expresses 
                        support for such policy, plan, or material.
                            ``(iii) Evaluation by the board.--In 
                        evaluating whether a product is marketable in 
                        accordance with paragraph (3)(A)(ii)(I), the 
                        Board shall take into consideration any 
                        information and analysis submitted pursuant to 
                        clause (ii).
                            ``(iv) AIP participation.--The Board shall 
                        not require the submission of a letter of 
                        support from an approved insurance provider in 
                        order to review and approve any policy, plan of 
                        insurance, or other materials submitted 
                        pursuant to this subsection.''.

SEC. 11010. REINSURANCE.

    (a) Supplementing Loss Adjustment Expenses.--Section 508(k) of the 
Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) Additional expenses.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In addition to the terms and 
                conditions of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, to 
                cover additional expenses for loss adjustment 
                procedures, the Corporation shall pay an additional 
                administrative and operating expense subsidy to 
                approved insurance providers for eligible contracts.
                    ``(B) Payment amount.--In the case of an eligible 
                contract, the payment to an approved insurance provider 
                required under subparagraph (A) shall be the amount 
                equal to 6 percent of the net book premium.
                    ``(C) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Eligible state.--The term `eligible 
                        State' means a State--
                                    ``(I) identified in State Group 2 
                                or State Group 3 (as defined in the 
                                Standard Reinsurance Agreement for 
                                reinsurance year 2025); and
                                    ``(II) in which, with respect to an 
                                insurance year, the loss ratio for 
                                eligible contracts is greater than 120 
                                percent of the total net book premium 
                                written by all approved insurance 
                                providers.
                            ``(ii) Eligible contracts.--The term 
                        `eligible contract'--
                                    ``(I) means a crop insurance 
                                contract entered into by an approved 
                                insurance provider in an eligible 
                                State; and
                                    ``(II) does not include a contract 
                                for--
                                            ``(aa) catastrophic risk 
                                        protection under subsection 
                                        (b);
                                            ``(bb) an area-based plan 
                                        of insurance or similar plan of 
                                        insurance, as determined by the 
                                        Corporation; or
                                            ``(cc) a policy under which 
                                        an approved insurance provider 
                                        does not incur loss adjustment 
                                        expenses, as determined by the 
                                        Corporation.''.
    (b) Reimbursement for Administrative and Operating Expenses With 
Respect to Specialty Crops Contracts.--Section 508(k) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) is further amended by adding at 
the end of the following:
            ``(11) Specialty crops.--
                    ``(A) Minimum reimbursement.--Beginning with the 
                2025 reinsurance year and for each reinsurance year 
                thereafter, the rate of reimbursement to approved 
                insurance providers for administrative and operating 
                expenses with respect to crop insurance contracts 
                covering agricultural commodities described in section 
                101 of title I of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness 
                Act of 2004 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note) shall be equal to or 
                greater than the percent that is the greater of the 
                following:
                            ``(i) 17 percent of the premium used to 
                        define loss ratio.
                            ``(ii) The percent of the premium used to 
                        define loss ratio that is otherwise applicable 
                        for the reinsurance year under the terms of the 
                        Standard Reinsurance Agreement in effect for 
                        the reinsurance year.
                    ``(B) Other contracts.--In carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall not reduce, 
                with respect to any reinsurance year, the amount or the 
                rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers 
                under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement described in 
                clause (ii) of such subparagraph for administrative and 
                operating expenses with respect to contracts covering 
                agricultural commodities that are not subject to such 
                subparagraph.
                    ``(C) Short-term equitable relief.--With respect to 
                the 2022 through 2024 reinsurance years, in addition to 
                the amount of reimbursement for administrative and 
                operating expenses available for crop insurance 
                contracts described in subparagraph (A), the 
                Corporation shall use $50,000,000, to remain available 
                until expended, to pay, with respect to such contracts, 
                an amount that is equal to the difference between--
                            ``(i) the amount to be paid pursuant to the 
                        Standard Reinsurance Agreement for the 
                        applicable reinsurance year; and
                            ``(ii) the amount that would be paid if 
                        such contracts were--
                                    ``(I) not subject to a reduction 
                                described in subsection (a)(2)(G) of 
                                section III of the Standard Reinsurance 
                                Agreement; and
                                    ``(II) subject to a reimbursement 
                                rate equal to 17 percent of the net 
                                book premium.
                    ``(D) Administration.--The requirements of this 
                paragraph and the adjustments made pursuant to this 
                paragraph shall not be considered a renegotiation under 
                paragraph (8)(A).
            ``(12) Adjustment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Beginning with the 2025 
                reinsurance year and for each reinsurance year 
                thereafter, the Corporation shall increase the total 
                administrative and operating expense reimbursements 
                otherwise required under the Standard Reinsurance 
                Agreement in effect for the reinsurance year in order 
                to account for inflation in a manner that is consistent 
                with the increases provided with respect to the 2011 
                through 2015 reinsurance years under the enclosure, 
                included in the Risk Management Agency's Bulletin, MGR-
                10-007, dated June 30, 2010.
                    ``(B) Administration.--The increase described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) apply with respect to all contracts 
                        covering agricultural commodities that were 
                        subject to an increase during the period of the 
                        2011 through 2015 reinsurance years under the 
                        enclosure described in such subparagraph; and
                            ``(ii) not be considered a renegotiation 
                        under paragraph (8)(A).
                    ``(C) Special rule for the 2025 reinsurance year.--
                The increase described in subparagraph (A) for the 2025 
                reinsurance year shall not exceed the percentage change 
                from the preceding year included in the Consumer Price 
                Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau 
                of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.''.

SEC. 11011. REVENUE INSURANCE.

    The Federal Crop Insurance Act is amended by inserting after 
section 508D (7 U.S.C. 1508d) the following:

``SEC. 508E. SUGARBEET REVENUE INSURANCE.

    ``(a) In General.--Effective beginning with the 2026 crop year, the 
Risk Management Agency and the Corporation shall make available to 
producers of sugar beets a revenue crop insurance policy for sugar 
beets.
    ``(b) Coverage.--The policy required under subsection (a) shall 
provide for a combination of--
            ``(1) individual-based yield coverage; and
            ``(2) coverage against a decrease in a gross beet sugar 
        payment to a producer from a cooperative processor due to a 
        shortfall in sugar production at the cooperative level as the 
        result of one or more of the following conditions:
                    ``(A) cooperative-level sugar beet production that 
                is below average;
                    ``(B) cooperative-level raw sugar content of the 
                beets that is below average, irrespective of the 
                quantity of sugar beets produced; or
                    ``(C) a decrease in price in the refined sugar 
                market relative to the expected price at the beginning 
                of the crop year.''.

SEC. 11012. PILOT PROGRAM TO REVIEW EFFECTIVENESS OF COVERAGE PENALTY.

    The Federal Crop Insurance Act, as amended by section 11011, is 
further amended by inserting after section 508E the following:

``SEC. 508F. PILOT PROGRAM TO REVIEW EFFECTIVENESS OF COVERAGE PENALTY.

    ``(a) In General.--Effective beginning with the 2025 crop year, the 
Risk Management Agency and the Corporation shall establish a pilot 
program to evaluate the effectiveness of the reduction in benefits 
applied to corn and other crops, as determined by the Corporation, 
planted during the late planting period (as defined in section 457.8 of 
title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulation)).
    ``(b) Location and Duration of Pilot.--The pilot program 
established under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) be conducted in not less than 10 counties located 
        within or adjacent to the North Plains Ground Conservation 
        District or the Panhandle Ground Conservation District in the 
        State of Texas; and
            ``(2) operate for a period of not less than four crop 
        years.
    ``(c) Evaluation.--In carrying out the pilot program established 
under subsection (a), the Risk Management Agency and the Corporation 
shall--
            ``(1) suspend any reduction to the insurance guarantee 
        applied to an insurance policy for a crop that is planted 
        during the late planting period;
            ``(2) gather and analyze data to determine if the number of 
        days beyond the final plant date in which a crop was planted 
        during the late planting period correlates with a decrease in 
        crop yields; and
            ``(3) determine if planting a crop after the final plant 
        date results in reduced usage of irrigation from the Ogallala 
        Aquifer.
    ``(d) Report Required.--Not later than 90 days after the last day 
of crop year 2029, the Risk Management Agency and the Corporation shall 
submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Agriculture, Forestry, and Nutrition of the Senate 
a report that includes--
            ``(1) a summary of the results of the pilot program 
        established under subsection (a);
            ``(2) an analysis of the correlation between planting date 
        and final yields; and
            ``(3) any changes to existing policies that the Corporation 
        intends to make as a result of the information obtained during 
        the pilot program.
    ``(e) Partnerships.--Of the amounts made available in section 
522(e)(2)(A)(ii), the Corporation may use not more than $200,000 to 
enter into a partnership or cooperative agreement with a nonprofit 
organization, State agency, or public university that is familiar with 
agricultural production in the region described in subsection (b)(1) to 
conduct the research and evaluation required under paragraphs (2) and 
(3) of subsection (c).''.

SEC. 11013. PROGRAM COMPLIANCE AND INTEGRITY.

    Section 515 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the heading, by inserting ``, Response, and 
                Final Determination'' after ``Notification'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``shall notify in 
                writing'' and inserting ``shall, through an initial 
                finding in writing, notify (unless such notification is 
                pursuant to the responsibilities to conduct reviews and 
                make corrections)'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``Time for 
                        notification'' and inserting ``Required 
                        timing'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Notice'' and inserting 
                        the following:
                    ``(A) Initial finding.--Notice''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Response.--During the 90-day period beginning 
                on the date the Corporation notifies an approved 
                insurance provider through an initial finding under 
                paragraph (1), such approved insurance provide may 
                appeal such initial finding in writing.
                    ``(C) Final finding.--Not later than 90 days after 
                the date on which an approved insurance provider 
                appeals pursuant to subparagraph (B), the Corporation 
                shall issue a final finding in writing to such approved 
                insurance provider.
                    ``(D) Request for final administrative 
                determination.--An approved insurance provider shall 
                have not more than 90 days after the receipt of the 
                Corporation's final finding under subparagraph (C) to 
                request, in writing, a final agency determination, if 
                such approved insurance provider has reason to believe 
                that the Corporation's final finding under subparagraph 
                (C) is not in accordance with--
                            ``(i) the applicable laws, regulations, 
                        custom, or practice of the crop insurance 
                        industry; or
                            ``(ii) the approved policy and procedure of 
                        the Corporation.
                    ``(E) Final determination.--The Corporation shall 
                have not more than 90 days after the receipt of a 
                request for a final administrative determination under 
                subparagraph (D) to provide such final administrative 
                determination, unless substantial new information, as 
                determined by the Corporation, is provided by the 
                approved insurance provider.
                    ``(F) Appeal to civilian board of contract 
                appeals.--An approved insurance provider shall have not 
                more than 90 days after receipt of final administrative 
                determination provided pursuant to subparagraph (E) to 
                appeal such determination to the Civilian Board of 
                Contract Appeals.''; and
                    (D) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Effect of failure to timely notify.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), failure of the Corporation to comply 
                with the requirements under paragraph (2) shall relieve 
                the approved insurance provider from the debt owed to 
                the Corporation.
                    ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply 
                to any matters referred to the Office of the Inspector 
                General or the Department of Justice.''.
            (2) in subsection (l)(2), by striking ``than'' and all that 
        follows through the period at the end and inserting the 
        following: ``than--
                    ``(A) $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 
                through 2024; and
                    ``(B) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 and each 
                subsequent fiscal year.''.

SEC. 11014. REVIEWS, COMPLIANCE, AND INTEGRITY.

    Section 516(b)(2)(C)(i) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1516(b)(2)(C)(i)) is amended by striking ``each fiscal year'' and 
inserting ``for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2024 and $10,000,000 
for fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter''.

SEC. 11015. WHOLE FARM IMPROVEMENTS.

    Section 522(c)(7)(E) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1522(c)(7)(E)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) Additional review.--Not later than 
                        12 months after the date of enactment of this 
                        clause and annually thereafter, the Corporation 
                        shall--
                                    ``(I) review any limitations on 
                                insurable revenue (including the 
                                overall limitation and limitations 
                                specific to animals, animal products, 
                                greenhouse and nursery, and 
                                aquaculture) to ensure such limitations 
                                are adequate to cover the financial 
                                risks associated with the production of 
                                high-value agricultural products; and
                                    ``(II) submit to the Committee on 
                                Agriculture of the House of 
                                Representatives and the Committee on 
                                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of 
                                the Senate a report that includes a 
                                summary of the most recent review 
                                conducted and any expected changes to 
                                the policy for the following 
                                reinsurance year.''.

SEC. 11016. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES.

    (a) Expansion of Revenue Policies.--Section 522(c) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 522(c)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
            ``(20) Expansion of revenue policies.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, to expand the 
                availability of policies that provide coverage against 
                losses of revenue for--
                            ``(i) oilseeds, including camelina, 
                        carinata, and pennycress;
                            ``(ii) alfalfa;
                            ``(iii) pulse crops (including dry edible 
                        beans);
                            ``(iv) sugarcane; and
                            ``(v) other crops for which only individual 
                        yield-based insurance policies are available.
                    ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the 
                last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section 
                508(a)(2), the Corporation shall make a policy 
                described in subparagraph (A) available if the 
                requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                    ``(C) Determination of projected price.--In 
                developing a policy described in subparagraph (A) the 
                Corporation may utilize alternative methods of 
                determining a projected price for a crop, including the 
                correlation of actual prices received for such crop to 
                the futures markets prices of other commodities.
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation 
                shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the 
                House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the crops for which research and 
                        development has been carried out under 
                        subparagraph (A);
                            ``(ii) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A);
                            ``(iii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results; and
                            ``(iv) additional crops for which research 
                        and development under this paragraph is planned 
                        to be carried out.''.
    (b) Wine Grape Losses Due to Smoke Exposure.--Section 522(c) of the 
Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(21) Wine grape losses due to smoke exposure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of the enactment of this paragraph, the 
                Corporation shall carry out research and development, 
                or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or 
                more qualified persons to carry out research and 
                development, regarding a policy to insure wine grapes 
                (including wine grapes produced in the States of 
                California, Oregon, and Washington) against losses due 
                to wildfire smoke exposure.
                    ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the 
                last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section 
                508(a)(2), not later than 18 months after the date of 
                the enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall 
                make available a policy described in subparagraph (A) 
                if the requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation 
                shall submit to the Committees on Appropriations and 
                Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committees on Appropriations and Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                includes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research conducted 
                        under subparagraph (A);
                            ``(ii) a description of the policies made 
                        available under this paragraph; and
                            ``(iii) the feasibility of a product that 
                        allows producers of wine grapes to claim an 
                        indemnity through post-harvest, post-
                        vinification testing, if such testing 
                        demonstrates smoke damage that was not 
                        detectable prior to harvest.''.
    (c) Mushrooms.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 
U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(22) Mushrooms.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding a policy 
                to insure--
                            ``(i) the production of mushroom growing 
                        media; and
                            ``(ii) the production of mushrooms.
                    ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the 
                second sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section 
                508(a)(2), the Corporation shall make a policy 
                described in subparagraph (A) available if the 
                requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                    ``(C) Research and development described.--Research 
                and development described in subparagraph (A) shall 
                evaluate the effectiveness of policies described in 
                that subparagraph, including policies that--
                            ``(i) are based on the risk of--
                                    ``(I) pests, including mushroom 
                                phorid flies and sciarid flies;
                                    ``(II) fungal pathogens; and
                                    ``(III) viral pathogens;
                            ``(ii) consider other causes of loss 
                        applicable to mushroom compost and mushroom 
                        production, such as--
                                    ``(I) a loss of electricity due to 
                                weather; and
                                    ``(II) loss of growing media due to 
                                excessive 5-year, 10-year, or 20-year 
                                rainfall events;
                            ``(iii) consider appropriate best practices 
                        to minimize the risk of loss;
                            ``(iv) consider whether to provide coverage 
                        for mushrooms under 1 policy or to provide 
                        coverage for various phases of production;
                            ``(v) have streamlined reporting and 
                        paperwork requirements that take into account 
                        short propagation schedules, variable crop 
                        years, and the variety of mushrooms that may be 
                        produced in a single facility; and
                            ``(vi) provide protection for revenue 
                        losses.
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation 
                shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the 
                House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (A); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.''.
    (d) Study on Hurricane Insurance.--Section 522(c) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(23) Standalone policy for hurricanes and tropical 
        storms.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                conduct a study to determine the feasibility of 
                offering insurance against tropical storms and 
                hurricanes made available regardless of underlying crop 
                insurance policy (or lack thereof).
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall 
                submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                describes the results of the study conducted under 
                subparagraph (A).''.
    (e) Frost or Cold Weather Insurance.--Section 522(c) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(24) Frost or cold weather insurance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding an index-
                based policy to insure crops (including tomatoes, 
                peppers, sugarcane, strawberries, melons, citrus, 
                peaches, blueberries, and any other crop) on a 
                nationally-available basis against losses due to a 
                frost or cold weather event.
                    ``(B) Research and development.--Research and 
                development under subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) evaluate the effectiveness of risk 
                        management tools, such as the use of an index, 
                        with respect to low frequency and catastrophic 
                        loss weather events; and
                            ``(ii) result in a policy that provides 
                        protection for at least 1 of the following:
                                    ``(I) Production loss.
                                    ``(II) Revenue loss.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall 
                submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under this paragraph; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.''.
    (f) Study of Inclusion of Certain Oilseed Crops Under Double and 
Rotational Cropping Policies.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 4 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:
            ``(25) Double cropping and rotational cropping of certain 
        oilseed crops.--
                    ``(A) Definition of covered oilseed crops.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `covered oilseed crops' means 
                rapeseed, canola, camelina, and other oilseed crops, as 
                determined by the Corporation.
                    ``(B) Research and development.--The Corporation 
                shall carry out research and development, or offer to 
                enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or more qualified 
                persons to carry out research and development, with 
                respect to insurance policies for covered oilseed crops 
                under double cropping and rotational cropping 
                practices.
                    ``(C) Requirements.--The research and development 
                carried out pursuant to subparagraph (B) shall be 
                conducted in consultation with stakeholders to 
                evaluate--
                            ``(i) the factors impacting availability 
                        and cost of crop insurance when incorporating 
                        covered oilseed crops into double cropping and 
                        rotational cropping policies; and
                            ``(ii) the potential risk management 
                        benefits associated with incorporating covered 
                        oilseed crops into double cropping and 
                        rotational cropping policies, specifically with 
                        respect to winter planted covered oilseed 
                        crops, including risk management benefits to 
                        soil health, biodiversity, and the 
                        profitability of farming operations.
                    ``(D) Emphasis.--In awarding contracts under 
                subparagraph (B), the Corporation may give priority to 
                awarding contracts to qualified persons that--
                            ``(i) have previous research experience 
                        with covered oilseed crops; and
                            ``(ii) have access to a facility with the 
                        capacity to carry out the applicable research.
                    ``(E) Report.--Not later than 13 months after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation 
                shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the 
                House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
                report that describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under subparagraph (B); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.''.
    (g) Harvest Incentives.--Section 522(c) of the Federal Crop 
Insurance Act (7 4 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:
            ``(26) Harvest incentives.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of the enactment of this paragraph, the 
                Corporation shall carry out research and development, 
                or offer to enter into 1 or more contracts with 1 or 
                more qualified persons to carry out research and 
                development, regarding harvest incentives for policies 
                that provide coverage against losses of revenue.
                    ``(B) Availability of policy.--Notwithstanding the 
                last sentence of section 508(a)(1), and section 
                508(a)(2), not later than 24 months after the date of 
                the enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall 
                make available a policy described in subparagraph (A) 
                if the requirements of section 508(h) are met.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall 
                submit to the Committees on Appropriations and 
                Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committees on Appropriations and Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                includes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research conducted 
                        under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) a description of the policies made 
                        available under this paragraph.''.
    (h) Revenue or Mortality Insurance for Poultry.--Section 522(c) of 
the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(27) Revenue or mortality insurance for poultry.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Corporation shall carry out 
                research and development, or offer to enter into 1 or 
                more contracts with 1 or more qualified persons to 
                carry out research and development, regarding an index 
                or revenue policy to insure poultry (including 
                broilers, layers, pullets, turkeys, ducks, pheasants, 
                and quail) on a nationally-available basis against 
                losses from mortality caused by naturally occurring 
                weather or infectious disease events.
                    ``(B) Research and development.--Research and 
                development under subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) evaluate the effectiveness of risk 
                        management tools, such as the use of an index, 
                        with respect to low frequency and catastrophic 
                        loss weather or zoonotic disease events; and
                            ``(ii) result in a policy that provides 
                        protection for at least 1 of the following:
                                    ``(I) Mortality on an area level.
                                    ``(II) Revenue on an area level.
                                    ``(III) Cost of inputs on an area 
                                level.
                                    ``(IV) Future revenue from loss of 
                                flock placement on an individual level.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of this paragraph, the Corporation shall 
                submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
                Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
                describes--
                            ``(i) the results of the research and 
                        development carried out under this paragraph; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations with respect to 
                        those results.''.

                  TITLE XII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

                Subtitle A--Livestock and Other Animals

                  PART I--ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION

SEC. 12001. ANIMAL DISEASE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT.

    (a) NADPRP Program Activities.--Section 10409A(b)(2) of the Animal 
Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8308A(b)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (F)--
                    (A) by striking ``including training additional 
                emergency response personnel.'' and inserting the 
                following: ``including--
                            ``(i) training additional emergency 
                        response personnel; and''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) improving animal disease 
                        traceability.''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (I), by inserting before the period at 
        the end the following: ``, including activities approved by the 
        Secretary as of the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, 
        and National Security Act of 2024''.
    (b) Mandatory Funding.--Section 10409A(d)(1) of the Animal Health 
Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8308a(d)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
                    ``(A) Fiscal years 2025 through 2029.--Of the funds 
                of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary 
                shall make available to carry out this section 
                $233,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 
                2029, of which--
                            ``(i) not less than $10,000,000 shall be 
                        made available for each such fiscal year to 
                        carry out subsection (a);
                            ``(ii) not less than $70,000,000 shall be 
                        made available for each such fiscal year to 
                        carry out subsection (b); and
                            ``(iii) not less than $153,000,000 shall be 
                        made available for each such fiscal year to 
                        carry out subsection (c).''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) by striking ``$30,000,000 for fiscal year 
                2023'' and inserting ``$75,000,000 for fiscal year 
                2025''; and
                    (B) by striking ``$18,000,000'' and inserting 
                ``$45,000,000''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) National animal health laboratory.--Section 
        10409A(d)(2)(A) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 
        8308a(d)(2)(A)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``$30,000,000'' and inserting 
                ``$45,000,000''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and inserting 
                ``2025 through 2029''.
            (2) National animal disease preparedness and response 
        program; national animal vaccine and veterinary countermeasures 
        bank.--Section 10409A(d)(2)(B) of the Animal Health Protection 
        Act (7 U.S.C. 8308a(d)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``2019 
        through 2023'' and inserting ``2025 through 2029''.
            (3) Availability and purpose of funding.--Section 
        10409A(e)(1) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 
        8308a(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and 
        inserting ``2025 through 2029''.

SEC. 12002. CATTLE FEVER TICK ERADICATION PROGRAM REVIEW AND REPORT.

    (a) Program Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall offer to 
        enter into a contract with a covered institution under which 
        the covered institution shall conduct a review of the Program.
            (2) Review elements.--The review conducted pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall include an evaluation of--
                    (A) the effectiveness of the Program with respect 
                to preventing and reducing the spread of tick-borne 
                illnesses in cattle, including a review of places from 
                which the cattle fever tick has been eradicated and the 
                resulting economic impact;
                    (B) with respect to cattle producers--
                            (i) the benefits of the Program; and
                            (ii) the burden of compliance with the 
                        Program;
                    (C) the treatment protocols developed and 
                implemented under the Program; and
                    (D) the Federal and State funds allocated to 
                support the Program for the most recent fiscal year, 
                including the funds allocated to each research project 
                associated with the Program.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the 
Secretary and a covered institution enter into a contract pursuant to 
subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that 
includes--
            (1) the results of the review conducted pursuant to 
        subsection (a); and
            (2) recommendations for improvements to the Program, 
        including recommendations for reducing the burden of compliance 
        with the Program with respect to cattle producers.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered institution.--The term ``covered institution'' 
        means--
                    (A) a land-grant college or university (as defined 
                in section 1404(13) of the National Agricultural 
                Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 
                U.S.C. 3103(13))); or
                    (B) a non-land-grant college of agriculture (as 
                defined in section 1404(14) of the National 
                Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy 
                Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103(14))).
            (2) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the Cattle Fever 
        Tick Eradication Program carried out by the Animal and Plant 
        Health Inspection Service of the Department in coordination 
        with the Texas Animal Health Commission.

SEC. 12003. DOG DETECTION TRAINING CENTER.

    (a) In General.--There is established a National Detector Dog 
Training Center (referred to in this Act as the ``Center'').
    (b) Duties.--The Center shall have the following duties:
            (1) Training dogs for the purpose of safeguarding domestic 
        agricultural and natural resources from foreign and invasive 
        pests and diseases.
            (2) Training human handlers to successfully select and 
        train dogs for the purpose described in paragraph (1).
            (3) Collaborating with relevant Federal agencies, including 
        U.S. Customs and Border Protection, to safeguard domestic 
        agricultural and natural resources.
            (4) Collaborating with external stakeholders, including 
        State departments of agriculture, local and county agricultural 
        officials, private sector entities, and other relevant non-
        Federal partners.
            (5) Ensuring the health and welfare of all dogs under the 
        care of the Center, including by ensuring access to necessary 
        veterinary care, adequate shelter, and proper nutrition.
            (6) Providing opportunities for private adoption of 
        retirement-age trained dogs and dogs that do not complete 
        training.
            (7) Any other duties necessary to safeguard domestic 
        agricultural and natural resources from foreign and invasive 
        pests and diseases, as determined by the Secretary, acting 
        through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health 
        Inspection Service.
    (c) Additional Training Facilities.--In addition to the Center 
established under subsection (a), the Secretary may--
            (1) establish other dog training facilities, which shall 
        have the same duties as are specified in subsection (b) for the 
        Center; and
            (2) enter into a cooperative agreement with the department 
        of agriculture of a State (or political subdivision thereof) to 
        establish an off-site training program for the purpose of 
        providing training and technical assistance in the training of 
        dogs, as described in subsection (b).
    (d) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Animal 
and Plant Health Inspection Service, shall submit to Congress a report 
that contains--
            (1) a description of current and emerging threats to 
        domestic agricultural and natural resources from foreign pests 
        and diseases within the purview of the operations of the 
        Center;
            (2) an examination of the role that the Center plays in the 
        protection against foreign pests and diseases;
            (3) a description of improvements needed in Federal 
        programs to minimize threats from foreign pests and diseases 
        within the purview of the operations of the Center, including 
        strengthened coordination among the Animal and Plant Health 
        Inspection Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and 
        other relevant Federal agencies;
            (4) recommendations to strengthen the capabilities of the 
        Center in protecting against foreign pests and diseases;
            (5) an evaluation of the need for, and feasibility of, 
        additional dog detector training facilities or off-site 
        training options to address regional demands, taking into 
        consideration--
                    (A) the location of international ports of entry;
                    (B) the volume of international passengers and 
                cargo; and
                    (C) regional agricultural production trends and 
                associated pest and disease threats; and
            (6) recommendations to improve--
                    (A) the dog procurement procedures of the Center; 
                and
                    (B) private adoption opportunities for retirement-
                age trained dogs and dogs that do not complete the 
                training described in subsection (b).
    (e) Expiration of Authority.--The authority provided by this 
section shall expire on September 30, 2029.

SEC. 12004. REGIONALIZATION, ZONING, AND COMPARTMENTALIZATION 
              AGREEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act 
(7 U.S.C. 8304) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Engagement With Key Export Markets.--
            ``(1) In general.--To reduce the impact of animal disease 
        outbreaks on United States exports, the Secretary, acting 
        through the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health 
        Inspection Service, the Under Secretary of Agriculture for 
        Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs, and the Administrator 
        of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, in consultation with 
        the United States Trade Representative, is authorized to 
        negotiate in advance, to the extent practicable, 
        regionalization, zoning, compartmentalization, and other 
        agreements regarding outbreaks of known animal disease threats 
        of trade significance with the governments of countries with 
        export markets for livestock animals or animal products from 
        the United States.
            ``(2) Research.--A negotiation carried out under paragraph 
        (1) should seek to take into account accepted global research 
        advances.''.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed--
            (1) to limit the ability of the United States Trade 
        Representative to negotiate trade agreements; or
            (2) to require the United States Trade Representative to 
        condition other trade agreements on the inclusion of language 
        relating to reducing the impact of animal disease outbreaks on 
        United States exports, as described in subsection (d)(1) of 
        section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 
        8304) (as inserted by subsection (a)(2)).
    (c) Notification System.--The Secretary shall promulgate a 
regulation to require that, in the case of any language removed from 
the Import and Export Library of the Food Safety and Inspection 
Service, the Administrator of the Food Safety and Inspection Service 
shall directly notify each State department of agriculture, each lead 
State agency for animal disease, and any State and national producer 
organizations representing impacted livestock producers not later than 
3 days after such removal.

SEC. 12005. IMPORTATION OF LIVE DOGS.

    (a) In General.--The Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et 
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 10404 (7 U.S.C. 8303) the 
following:

``SEC. 10404A. IMPORTATION OF LIVE DOGS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Compensation.--The term `compensation' means any act, 
        consideration, or thing of value received by a person directly, 
        including cash or noncash benefits, cost-avoidance, obtaining 
        positive or avoiding negative publicity, an exchange of 
        services, or maintaining a license issued under any local, 
        State, or Federal government authority.
            ``(2) Importer.--The term `importer' means any person who 
        transports or causes the transportation of a dog into the 
        United States from a foreign country.
            ``(3) Import transporter.--The term `import transporter' 
        means any person or entity that--
                    ``(A) receives an imported dog from any importer, 
                dealer, research facility, exhibitor, operator of an 
                auction sale, or department, agency, or instrumentality 
                of the United States or of any State or local 
                government; and
                    ``(B) receives compensation for moving such dog in 
                commerce.
            ``(4) Transfer.--The term `transfer' means a change of 
        ownership or control of an imported dog to another person, 
        including by sale, adoption, exchange, or donation.
    ``(b) Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no 
        person shall import a dog into the United States unless prior 
        to transport to the United States, the Secretary receives 
        electronic documentation necessary, as determined by the 
        Secretary, to demonstrate that the dog--
                    ``(A) is in good health;
                    ``(B) has received all necessary vaccinations and 
                internal and external parasite treatment, and 
                demonstrated negative test results, as required by the 
                Secretary and evidenced by a certificate that--
                            ``(i) is issued by a licensed veterinarian 
                        accredited by a competent veterinary authority 
                        recognized by the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) is endorsed by that authority in a 
                        manner representing that the veterinarian 
                        issuing the certificate was authorized to do 
                        so;
                    ``(C) is officially identified by a permanent 
                method approved by the Secretary; and
                    ``(D) in the case that the dog is intended for 
                transfer--
                            ``(i) is at least 6 months old; and
                            ``(ii) is accompanied by an import permit 
                        issued by the Secretary under this Act.
            ``(2) Exceptions.--The Secretary, by regulation, shall 
        provide an exception to any requirement under this Act in any 
        case in which a dog is imported for purposes of transfer--
                    ``(A) as a personal pet of United States origin 
                returning to the United States;
                    ``(B) as a United States military working dog or 
                contracted working dog supporting a military mission or 
                tasking;
                    ``(C) for research purposes;
                    ``(D) for veterinary treatment which is paid for by 
                the importer, subject to the condition that the dog--
                            ``(i) is taken directly to a veterinary 
                        facility for treatment with appropriate 
                        quarantine until the dog meets the criteria 
                        described in paragraph (1); and
                            ``(ii) is then exported to its country of 
                        origin; or
                    ``(E) in the case of a dog that is less than 6 
                months old, for lawful importation into the State of 
                Hawaii from the British Isles, Australia, Guam, or New 
                Zealand in compliance with the regulations of the State 
                of Hawaii and the other requirements of this section, 
                if the dog is not transported out of the State of 
                Hawaii for transfer at less than 6 months of age.
    ``(c) Implementation and Regulations.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security 
Act of 2024, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of 
Homeland Security, and the Secretary of Transportation, shall 
promulgate such regulations as the Secretary determines necessary to 
implement and enforce this section, including regulations--
            ``(1) to facilitate electronic submission and interagency 
        sharing of all documentation required prior to the importation 
        of a dog into the United States under subsection (b)(1);
            ``(2) to establish any necessary post-arrival verification 
        processes for imported dogs;
            ``(3) to ensure the denial of entry into the United States 
        of any dog attempted to be imported into the United States in 
        violation of subsection (b)(1);
            ``(4) to provide that each importer, import transporter, 
        intermediate handler, or carrier receiving a certificate of 
        veterinary inspection required under this section shall submit 
        a copy of the certificate to the Secretary, who shall record 
        the information in a centralized, publicly available database 
        and, upon request by a State veterinarian, share the 
        information with such State veterinarian; and
            ``(5) to determine and establish such fees for the 
        verification of documentation and issuance of permits required 
        under subsection (b)(1) as may be necessary to fund the 
        implementation and enforcement of this section.
    ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection (c)(5) shall be 
construed as limiting the availability of funding made available under 
section 10417 to carry out this section.
    ``(e) Enforcement.--
            ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary shall have the authority 
        granted under section 10414 to enforce this section.
            ``(2) Penalties.--An importer or import transporter that 
        fails to comply with this section shall--
                    ``(A) be subject to penalties under section 10414; 
                and
                    ``(B) provide, as the Secretary may determine, at 
                the expense of the importer or import transporter, 
                for--
                            ``(i) the care (including appropriate 
                        veterinary care), forfeiture, quarantine, and 
                        removal from the United States of each 
                        applicable dog; and
                            ``(ii) the return of each applicable dog to 
                        its place of export, with due care for the 
                        welfare of each applicable dog.''.
    (b) Transition Period.--
            (1) In general.--During the transition period, regulations 
        promulgated under section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 
        U.S.C. 2148) (as in effect on the day before the date of 
        enactment of this Act) shall continue to apply to the extent 
        that such regulations do not conflict with section 10404A of 
        the Animal Health Protection Act (as inserted by subsection 
        (a)).
            (2) Transition period defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``transition period'' means the period beginning on the 
        date of enactment of this Act and ending on the date on which 
        final regulations are promulgated under such section 10404A.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 18 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 
U.S.C. 2148) is repealed.

SEC. 12006. SHEEP PRODUCTION AND MARKETING GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 209(c) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 
1627a(c)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``$2,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, and''; 
        and
            (2) by inserting ``, and $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2025'' 
        after ``fiscal year 2024''.

SEC. 12007. ENSURING THE FREE MOVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK-DERIVED PRODUCTS IN 
              INTERSTATE COMMERCE.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to--
            (1) protect the free movement in interstate commerce of 
        products derived from covered livestock;
            (2) encourage a national market of such products;
            (3) ensure that producers of covered livestock are not 
        subject to a patchwork of State laws restricting access to a 
        national market; and
            (4) ensure that the United States continues to uphold its 
        international trade obligations.
    (b) In General.--Producers of covered livestock have a Federal 
right to raise and market their covered livestock in interstate 
commerce and therefore no State or subdivision thereof may enact or 
enforce, directly or indirectly, a condition or standard on the 
production of covered livestock other than for covered livestock 
physically raised in such State or subdivision.
    (c) Protecting Interstate Commerce.--Producers of covered livestock 
have a Federal right to raise and market their covered livestock in 
interstate commerce and therefore no State or subdivision thereof may 
enact or enforce, directly or indirectly, as a condition for sale or 
consumption, any condition or standard of production on products 
derived from covered livestock not physically raised in such State or 
subdivision that is in addition to, or different from, the conditions 
or standards of production in the State in which the production occurs.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered livestock.--The term ``covered livestock''--
                    (A) means any domestic animal raised for the 
                purpose of--
                            (i) slaughter for human consumption; or
                            (ii) producing products manufactured for 
                        human consumption which are derived from the 
                        processing of milk, including fluid milk 
                        products; and
                    (B) does not include domestic animals raised for 
                the primary purpose of egg production.
            (2) Production.--The term ``production''--
                    (A) means the raising (including breeding) of 
                covered livestock; and
                    (B) does not include the movement, harvesting, or 
                further processing of covered livestock.

SEC. 12008. REPORT ON SUPPORT FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCERS 
              DURING A FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE OUTBREAK.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the 
Department's preparedness to support livestock producers and poultry 
growers facing economic losses in the event of an outbreak of a foreign 
animal disease.
    (b) Contents.--The report submitted under subsection (a) shall 
include, with respect to the Department's ability to protect producers 
and growers from significant economic losses as a result of a foreign 
animal disease--
            (1) an assessment of--
                    (A) existing Federal programs, including 
                catastrophic risk management tools, indemnity, direct 
                payments, and herd buyouts; and
                    (B) the Department's capacity to utilize such 
                programs to provide benefits to producers and growers 
                experiencing economic losses as a result of having to 
                sell livestock and poultry at a reduced price, having 
                to quarantine, treat, destroy, or dispose of animals, 
                or as a result of catastrophic market conditions;
            (2) a determination of gaps that exist in the Department's 
        ability to provide economic support for producers and growers 
        suffering such losses; and
            (3) recommendations of the Secretary for modifications to 
        Federal law (including regulations) relating to protecting 
        producers and growers from significant economic losses related 
        to a foreign animal disease outbreak.
    (c) Provision of Information.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, for purposes of facilitating the 
        preparation of the report submitted under subsection (a), the 
        relevant Department officials described in paragraph (2) shall 
        inform the Secretary of the information described in subsection 
        (b).
            (2) Relevant department officials described.--The relevant 
        Department officials described in this paragraph are the 
        following:
                    (A) The Under Secretary for Farm Production and 
                Conservation.
                    (B) The Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition and 
                Consumer Services.
                    (C) The Under Secretary for Rural Development.
                    (D) The Under Secretary for Food Safety.
                    (E) The Under Secretary for Trade and Foreign 
                Agricultural Affairs.
                    (F) Other officials, as specified by the Secretary.

          PART II--MEAT AND POULTRY PROCESSING AND INSPECTION

SEC. 12111. AMPLIFYING PROCESSING OF LIVESTOCK IN THE UNITED STATES (A-
              PLUS).

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall revise section 201.67 of title 9, Code 
of Federal Regulations, as in effect on January 1, 2024, to specify 
that--
            (1) market agencies may have an ownership interest in, 
        finance, or participate in the management or operation of, a 
        packer, so long as such packer--
                    (A) with respect to cattle and sheep, has a 
                cumulative slaughter capacity of less than--
                            (i) 2,000 animals per day; or
                            (ii) 700,000 animals per year; and
                    (B) with respect to hogs, has a cumulative 
                slaughter capacity of less than--
                            (i) 10,000 animals per day; or
                            (ii) 3,000,000 animals per year; and
            (2) market agencies that have an ownership interest in, 
        finance, or participate in the management or operation of, a 
        packer shall disclose to sellers of livestock the existence of 
        such ownership interest, financial relationship, or 
        participation.
    (b) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section shall be interpreted 
as a limitation on the authority of the Secretary to adopt or enforce 
rules or regulations under the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 
U.S.C. 181 et seq.) related to the protection of producers, 
competition, market integrity, or the prevention of conflicts of 
interest.

SEC. 12112. HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT GUIDANCE AND 
              RESOURCES FOR SMALL AND VERY SMALL POULTRY AND MEAT 
              ESTABLISHMENTS.

    (a) Meat Establishments.--The Federal Meat Inspection Act is 
amended by inserting after section 25 (21 U.S.C. 625) the following:

``SEC. 26. SMALL AND VERY SMALL ESTABLISHMENT GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES.

    ``(a) Studies; Model Plans.--Not later than 18 months after the 
date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, to the 
maximum extent practicable, make publicly available--
            ``(1) a list of scientific studies (which the Secretary 
        shall update as necessary) for use by small establishments and 
        very small establishments in developing a Hazard Analysis and 
        Critical Control Points plan;
            ``(2) guidelines relating to best practices and techniques 
        by small establishments and very small establishments in the 
        production of raw or further processed meat and meat food 
        products; and
            ``(3) scale-appropriate model Hazard Analysis and Critical 
        Control Points plans for small establishments and very small 
        establishments, including model plans for--
                    ``(A) slaughter-only establishments;
                    ``(B) processing-only establishments; and
                    ``(C) slaughter and processing establishments.
    ``(b) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after 
notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on 
the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and very 
small establishments to develop, pursuant to this Act, a Hazard 
Analysis and Critical Control Points plan.
    ``(c) Data Confidentiality.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall not publish confidential business information of any 
meat processing establishment, including a Hazard Analysis and Critical 
Control Points plan of a meat processing establishment.
    ``(d) Small Establishment and Very Small Establishment Defined.--In 
this section, the terms `small establishment' and `very small 
establishment' have the meanings given the terms `smaller 
establishment' and `very small establishment', respectively, in the 
final rule entitled `Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical 
Control Point (HACCP) Systems' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25, 1996)) (or 
successor regulations).''.
    (b) Poultry Establishments.--The Poultry Products Inspection Act is 
amended by inserting after section 14 (21 U.S.C. 463) the following:

``SEC. 14A. SMALL AND VERY SMALL ESTABLISHMENT GUIDANCE AND RESOURCES.

    ``(a) Studies; Model Plans.--Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall, to the maximum 
extent practicable, make publicly available--
            ``(1) a list of scientific studies (which the Secretary 
        shall update as necessary) for use by small establishments and 
        very small establishments in developing a Hazard Analysis and 
        Critical Control Points plan;
            ``(2) guidelines relating to best practices and techniques 
        used by small establishments and very small establishments in 
        the production of raw or further processed poultry products; 
        and
            ``(3) scale-appropriate model Hazard Analysis and Critical 
        Control Points plans for small establishments and very small 
        establishments, including model plans for--
                    ``(A) slaughter-only establishments;
                    ``(B) processing-only establishments; and
                    ``(C) slaughter and processing establishments.
    ``(b) Guidance.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this section, the Secretary shall publish a guidance document, after 
notice and an opportunity for public comment, providing information on 
the requirements that need to be met for small establishments and very 
small establishments to develop a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control 
Points plan pursuant to this Act.
    ``(c) Data Confidentiality.--In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall not publish confidential business information of any 
poultry processing establishment, including a Hazard Analysis and 
Critical Control Points plan of a poultry processing establishment.
    ``(d) Small Establishment and Very Small Establishment Defined.--In 
this section, the terms `small establishment' and `very small 
establishment' have the meanings given the terms `smaller 
establishment' and `very small establishment', respectively, in the 
final rule entitled `Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical 
Control Point (HACCP) Systems' (61 Fed. Reg. 38806 (July 25, 1996)) (or 
successor regulations).''.

SEC. 12113. OUTREACH ON COOPERATIVE INTERSTATE SHIPMENT.

    (a) Meat.--Section 501 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 
U.S.C. 683) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Federal Outreach.--In each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, 
the Secretary shall conduct outreach to States that--
            ``(1) have a State meat inspection program in effect 
        pursuant to section 301; and
            ``(2) do not have a selected establishment.''.
    (b) Poultry.--Section 31 of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 
U.S.C. 472) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Federal Outreach.--In each of fiscal years 2024 through 2029, 
the Secretary shall conduct outreach to States that--
            ``(1) have a State poultry product inspection program in 
        effect pursuant to section 5; and
            ``(2) do not have a selected establishment.''.
    (c) Report.--At the conclusion of each of fiscal years 2024 through 
2029, the Secretary shall submit a report detailing the activities and 
results of the outreach conducted during that fiscal year under 
subsection (k) of section 501 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 
U.S.C. 683) and subsection (j) of section 31 of the Poultry Products 
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 472), as added by subsections (a) and (b), 
to--
            (1) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (2) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 
        of the Senate;
            (3) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

SEC. 12114. PILOT PROGRAM TO SUPPORT CUSTOM SLAUGHTER ESTABLISHMENTS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) State operated pilot program.--Upon the receipt of an 
        application from a custom exempt facility and subject to the 
        requirements specified in subsection (c), a State department of 
        agriculture may operate a pilot program to allow such custom 
        facility to sell slaughtered meat and meat food products 
        (referred to in this section as ``meat products'') directly to 
        consumers within the State in which the facility is located in 
        accordance with the pilot program.
            (2) Lack of a state pilot program.--If a State department 
        of agriculture does not elect to operate a pilot program, the 
        Secretary shall, upon request from a custom exempt facility in 
        such a State, operate a pilot program administered by the 
        Secretary for that State in accordance with this section.
    (b) Allowable Number of Facilities.--
            (1) Initial approval.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (2)--
                    (A) a State department of agriculture may approve 
                not more than 5 facilities in such State for 
                participation in a pilot program established under 
                subsection (a)(1); and
                    (B) the Secretary may approve not more than 10 
                facilities to participate in all pilot programs 
                established under subsection (a)(2).
            (2) Subsequent approval of facilities.--Not less than 2 
        years after the establishment of a pilot program, a State 
        department of agriculture or the Secretary may, if no product 
        produced at a facility that was initially approved under 
        paragraph (1) for participation in such pilot program has been 
        subject to an emergency action under subsection (f) during the 
        2-year period following such establishment, approve--
                    (A) in the case of a State department of 
                agriculture, not more than 5 additional facilities in 
                the respective State; and
                    (B) in the case of the Secretary, not more than 10 
                additional facilities in all States.
    (c) Pilot Program Requirements.--A pilot program established under 
this section shall, at a minimum, require--
            (1) that meat products sold under the pilot program are--
                    (A) sold directly to consumers within the State 
                from--
                            (i) the owner of the animals from which 
                        such meat products are derived; or
                            (ii) the custom exempt facility at which 
                        the meat products were processed;
                    (B) not eligible for re-sale; and
                    (C) clearly labeled to indicate--
                            (i) the name and address of the facility at 
                        which the meat products were processed;
                            (ii) the name and address of the owner of 
                        the animals from which such meat products are 
                        derived;
                            (iii) the location where animals from which 
                        such meat products are derived were raised;
                            (iv) the date of slaughter of such animals 
                        and the period of time over which the owner 
                        raised such animals;
                            (v) that such meat products were not 
                        subject to Federal inspection; and
                            (vi) that such meat products shall not be 
                        resold;
            (2) that custom exempt facilities participating in the 
        pilot program comply with--
                    (A) Public Law 85-765 (7 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.; 
                commonly known as the ``Humane Methods of Slaughter Act 
                of 1958'');
                    (B) applicable State and local laws;
                    (C) section 23(d) of the Federal Meat Inspection 
                Act (21 U.S.C. 623(d)); and
                    (D) Federal regulations pertaining to--
                            (i) sanitation standards and record keeping 
                        requirements for custom exempt facilities; and
                            (ii) the handling and disposition of 
                        specified risk materials;
            (3) that custom exempt facilities participating in the 
        pilot program be subject to onsite inspection by the Secretary 
        to ensure compliance with the requirements specified in 
        paragraphs (1) and (2); and
            (4) that custom exempt facilities participating in the 
        pilot program be subject to onsite inspection at least annually 
        by the local authority responsible for restaurant inspections 
        or the State department of agriculture.
    (d) Implementation.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue, and make publicly 
available, guidance for participation in a pilot program established 
pursuant to this section.
    (e) Ineligibility.--An establishment subject to inspection by the 
Secretary under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) 
or operating pursuant to a State meat inspection program authorized 
under section 301 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 661) 
shall not be eligible to participate in a pilot program established 
pursuant to this section.
    (f) Authority for Emergency Action.--If the Secretary has credible 
evidence that a meat product produced at a custom exempt facility 
participating in a pilot program established pursuant to this section 
is adulterated, the Secretary--
            (1) shall, pursuant to the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 
        U.S.C. 601 et seq.), take such actions as may be necessary to 
        address the risk to public health posed by such products; and
            (2) may terminate the participation of a custom exempt 
        facility in a pilot program established pursuant to this 
        section.
    (g) Report Required.--
            (1) Reports by state departments of agriculture to 
        secretary.--Beginning September 30, 2025, and each fiscal year 
        thereafter until September 30, 2029, each State department of 
        agriculture operating a pilot program pursuant to this section 
        shall submit to the Secretary a report detailing, with respect 
        to each such pilot program within the relevant State for the 
        preceding fiscal year--
                    (A) the number and location of persons or custom 
                exempt facilities selling meat products under each such 
                pilot program;
                    (B) the outcomes of each such pilot program; and
                    (C) any instances in which a meat product was 
                subject to an emergency action under subsection (f).
            (2) Report by secretary to congress.--Not later than 2 
        years after initiating a pilot program under this section, the 
        Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the 
        House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
        Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report detailing--
                    (A) the information received from participating 
                State departments of agriculture under paragraph (1); 
                and
                    (B) for any custom exempt facilities participating 
                in a pilot program established by the Secretary 
                pursuant to subsection (a)(2)--
                            (i) the number and location of persons or 
                        custom exempt facilities selling products 
                        pursuant to such pilot program;
                            (ii) the outcomes of such pilot program; 
                        and
                            (iii) any instances in which a meat product 
                        was subject to an emergency action under 
                        subsection (f).
    (h) Custom Exempt Facility Defined.--In this section, the term 
``custom exempt facility'' means an establishment engaged in the 
slaughter of animals and the preparation of the carcasses, parts 
thereof, meat, and meat food products for commerce that is not subject 
to the Federal inspection requirements under title I of the Federal 
Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
    (i) Sunset.--A State and the Secretary may not operate a pilot 
program under this section on or after September 30, 2029, and no 
facility that is exempt from inspection under the Federal Meat 
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) pursuant to this section shall 
be exempt from that inspection on or after September 30, 2029.

    Subtitle B--Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994

SEC. 12201. OFFICE OF HOMELAND SECURITY.

    Section 221 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6922) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (8) as paragraph 
                (9); and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
            ``(8) conducting annual cross-sector crisis simulation 
        exercises related to a food-related emergency or disruption; 
        and''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Detailees.--The Secretary may detail employees of the 
Department of Agriculture to, and accept employees detailed from, the 
intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National 
Security Act of 1947) to assist in carrying out the duties of the 
Office of Homeland Security.
    ``(g) Risk Assessments and Reports.--
            ``(1) Risk assessments.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act 
        of 2024, and not less than every 2 years thereafter, the 
        Secretary shall conduct an assessment of risks and security 
        vulnerabilities to the food and agriculture critical 
        infrastructure sector, including--
                    ``(A) naturally occurring, unintentional, or 
                intentional threats, including chemical, biological, 
                cybersecurity, or bioterrorism attacks;
                    ``(B) influence of state-owned enterprise;
                    ``(C) control of and access to agricultural data;
                    ``(D) foreign acquisition of intellectual property, 
                agricultural assets, and land;
                    ``(E) agricultural input shortages and dependence 
                on foreign-sourced inputs;
                    ``(F) supply chain and trade disruptions;
                    ``(G) science and technology cooperation;
                    ``(H) unequal investments in research, development, 
                and commercialization;
                    ``(I) incongruent regulatory policies; and
                    ``(J) any other vulnerabilities identified by the 
                Secretary.
            ``(2) Briefing and report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the completion of a risk assessment under paragraph 
                (1), the Secretary shall provide a briefing on the 
                results of the risk assessment and submit to the 
                Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Homeland 
                Security of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and 
                the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
                Affairs of the Senate a report that includes--
                            ``(i) an assessment of any gaps or 
                        limitations in national security efforts 
                        related to the food and agriculture critical 
                        infrastructure sector;
                            ``(ii) any actions taken by the Secretary 
                        to address any gaps or limitations identified 
                        under clause (i), including through interagency 
                        coordination, threat information sharing, and 
                        stakeholder outreach;
                            ``(iii) any recommendations for 
                        administrative, regulatory, or legislative 
                        actions that can be taken to reduce any gaps or 
                        limitations identified under clause (i), 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) recommendations to reduce the 
                                dependence on foreign-source inputs 
                                necessary for the food and agriculture 
                                critical infrastructure sector; and
                                    ``(II) recommendations to address 
                                the cybersecurity threats to, and 
                                security vulnerabilities in, the food 
                                and agriculture critical infrastructure 
                                sector; and
                            ``(iv) resources the Secretary requires to 
                        address current and future national security 
                        vulnerabilities related to the food and 
                        agriculture critical infrastructure sector.
                    ``(B) Exemption from access to congressionally 
                mandated reports act.--A report required under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be exempt from the requirements 
                of the Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act 
                (subtitle D of title VII of Public Law 117-263; 136 
                Stat. 3677).''.

SEC. 12202. FARM SERVICE AGENCY.

    (a) Functions.--Section 226(b) of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6932(b)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (4); and
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4).
    (b) Special Concurrence Requirements for Certain Functions.--
Section 226(c) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6932(c)) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph 
(1) by striking ``the programs specified in subsection (b)(4)'' and 
inserting ``any conservation programs that are under the jurisdiction 
of the Farm Service Agency pursuant to subsection (b)''.

SEC. 12203. OFFICE OF PARTNERSHIPS AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT.

    Section 226B(f)(3)(B) of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6934(f)(3)(B)) is amended by 
striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12204. NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE.

    Section 228 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6936) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``, except 
                subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of such 
                title''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``, except 
                functions under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D 
                of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
                U.S.C. 3831 et seq.)''; and
            (2) in subsection (g)(3), by striking ``2023'' and 
        inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12205. BURDEN OF PROOF FOR NATIONAL APPEALS DIVISION HEARINGS.

    Section 277(c)(4) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization 
Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6997(c)(4)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(4) Burden of proof.--The agency shall bear the burden of 
        proving by substantial evidence that the adverse decision of 
        the agency was valid.''.

SEC. 12206. TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.

    Section 296(b) of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act 
of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
            ``(11) The authority of the Secretary to carry out the 
        amendments made to this title by the Farm, Food, and National 
        Security Act of 2024.''.

SEC. 12207. FUNCTIONS OF THE OFFICE OF TRIBAL RELATIONS.

    Section 309 of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of 
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6921) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``shall advise'' and all that 
                follows through the period at the end and inserting 
                ``shall--''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(1) advise the Secretary on policies related to Indian 
        tribes;
            ``(2) oversee--
                    ``(A) each self-determination contract (as defined 
                in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
                Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)) entered into 
                between the Secretary and a tribal organization; and
                    ``(B) each self-governance compact (as defined in 
                section 401 of such Act (25 U.S.C. 5361)) entered into 
                between the Secretary and an Indian tribe; and
            ``(3) carry out such other functions as the Secretary 
        considers appropriate.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``this subsection'' 
        and inserting ``this section''.

SEC. 12208. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN.

    Title III of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of 
Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 2231b et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 310. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish within the 
Department an Office of the Ombudsman (in this section referred to as 
the `Office'). The Office shall be independent of Department agencies 
and offices.
    ``(b) Ombudsman.--The Office shall be headed by an Ombudsman that 
shall--
            ``(1) be considered a senior official; and
            ``(2) have a background in civil rights enforcement.
    ``(c) Functions.--The functions of the Office shall be to--
            ``(1) assist producers and other customers of Department 
        programs in navigating the civil rights review process;
            ``(2) ensure that participants (as defined in section 271) 
        are aware of the appeals process under subtitle H of title II, 
        including informal hearings under section 275;
            ``(3) promote awareness of the Office and its 
        responsibilities among producers and other customers of 
        Department programs; and
            ``(4) raise issues and concerns with respect to, and make 
        recommendations to the Secretary about, equitable access or 
        implementation of Department programs.
    ``(d) Access to Information.--The Secretary shall establish 
procedures to provide the Ombudsman access to all departmental records 
necessary to execute the functions of the Office under subsection (d) 
not later than 60 days after a request from the Ombudsman for such 
information.
    ``(e) Effect on Procedures for Grievances, Appeals, or 
Administrative Matters.--The establishment of the Office shall not 
affect any procedures for grievances, appeals, or administrative 
matters in any other provision of this Act, any other provision of law, 
or any other Federal regulation.
    ``(f) Annual Report.--Beginning not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the 
Ombudsman shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on--
            ``(1) the activities carried out by the Office; and
            ``(2) the findings and recommendation of the Office with 
        respect to equitable access or implementation of Department 
        programs.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated $1,000,000 to carry out this section for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2029.''.

                     Subtitle C--National Security

SEC. 12301. AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT DISCLOSURE IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) AFIDA.--The term ``AFIDA'' means the Agricultural 
        Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et 
        seq.).
            (2) FPAC-BC.--The term ``FPAC-BC'' means the Farm 
        Production and Conservation Business Center of the Department 
        of Agriculture.
    (b) MOU With CFIUS.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into 1 or more 
memoranda of understanding with the Committee on Foreign Investment in 
the United States under which the Secretary shall provide the Committee 
with all relevant information relating to reports on foreign ownership 
of United States agricultural land submitted to the Secretary under 
section 2 of AFIDA (7 U.S.C. 3501), including information on--
            (1) each report submitted to the Secretary; and
            (2) with respect to each such report, the identity of the 
        person submitting the report and the date of submission.
    (c) AFIDA Handbook Updates.--
            (1) First update.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) update the most recent version of the Farm 
                Service Agency handbook titled ``Foreign Investment 
                Disclosure'' as determined necessary by the Secretary 
                for the effective implementation of AFIDA; and
                    (B) incorporate in such update the recommendations 
                made by the report of the Government Accountability 
                Office titled ``Foreign Investments in U.S. 
                Agricultural Land: Enhancing Efforts to Collect, Track, 
                and Share Key Information Could Better Identify 
                National Security Risks'' and dated January 18, 2024.
            (2) Subsequent updates.--After updating the handbook 
        described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) under that 
        paragraph, the Secretary shall carry out an update of that 
        handbook every 10 years thereafter, including by incorporating 
        any recommendations of the Government Accountability Office.
    (d) Civil Penalties.--Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign 
Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c);
            (2) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``(a) If the'' and all that follows through 
        ``Any such civil penalty shall be recoverable'' and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(a) In General.--A person shall be subject to a civil penalty 
imposed by the Secretary if the Secretary determines that the person--
            ``(1) has failed to submit a report in accordance with the 
        provisions of section 2; or
            ``(2) has knowingly submitted a report under section 2 
        that--
                    ``(A) does not contain all the information required 
                to be in such report; or
                    ``(B) contains information that is misleading or 
                false.
    ``(b) Civil Action.--Any civil penalty imposed by the Secretary 
under subsection (a) shall be recoverable''; and
            (3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking the subsection designation and all 
                that follows through ``The amount'' and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(c) Amount of Penalty.--The amount'';
                    (B) by striking ``of this section''; and
                    (C) by striking ``shall not exceed 25 percent'' and 
                inserting ``for violations under (a)(1) shall not 
                exceed 25 percent, and for violations under (a)(2) 
                shall be not less than 5 percent, but not more than 25 
                percent,''.
    (e) Public Disclosure of Enforcement Actions.--Section 3 of the 
Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) 
(as amended by subsection (b)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(d) Public Disclosure of Enforcement Actions.--The Secretary 
shall publicly disclose the name of each person who paid to the 
Secretary a civil penalty imposed under subsection (a), including, if 
applicable, after the completion of an appeal of a civil penalty.''.
    (f) Publication of Reporting Requirements.--Section 3 of the 
Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) 
(as amended by subsection (c)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(e) Outreach.--Using existing resources and efforts to the 
maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall carry out a nationwide 
outreach program directed primarily toward landlords, operators, 
owners, persons, producers, and tenants (as those terms are defined in 
section 718.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on 
the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 
2024)) of agricultural land and county property appraiser offices, land 
appraisal companies, and real estate auction companies to increase 
public awareness and provide education regarding the reporting 
requirements under this Act.''.

SEC. 12302. REPORT ON AGRICULTURAL LAND PURCHASING ACTIVITIES IN THE 
              UNITED STATES BY COUNTRIES DESIGNATED AS STATE SPONSORS 
              OF TERRORISM AND CERTAIN OTHER COUNTRIES.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Agricultural land.--The term ``agricultural land'' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 9 of the Agricultural 
        Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
            (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and 
                Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
                    (D) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House 
                of Representatives;
                    (E) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (F) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
                of the House of Representatives.
            (3) Covered foreign country.--The term ``covered foreign 
        country'' means a foreign country of concern (as defined in 
        section 10638 of the CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C. 19237)).
            (4) Covered foreign person.--The term ``covered foreign 
        person'' means a foreign person (as defined in section 9 of the 
        Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 
        U.S.C. 3508)) that is a citizen of, or headquartered in, as 
        applicable, a covered foreign country.
            (5) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
        Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
            (6) State sponsor of terrorism.--The term ``state sponsor 
        of terrorism'' means a country the government of which the 
        Secretary of State has determined has repeatedly provided 
        support for acts of international terrorism, for purposes of--
                    (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control 
                Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)(i));
                    (B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
                1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371);
                    (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act 
                (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or
                    (D) any other provision of law.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary 
        of Agriculture, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland 
        Security and the head of any other appropriate Federal agency, 
        shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
        describing the national security risks of the purchase and 
        management of agricultural land by covered foreign persons.
            (2) Contents.--A report submitted under paragraph (1) shall 
        include the following with respect to the year covered by the 
        report:
                    (A) A description of--
                            (i) the number of acres of agricultural 
                        land owned, leased, or managed by covered 
                        foreign persons, organized by State; and
                            (ii) for each State, the percentage of land 
                        owned or managed by covered foreign persons 
                        compared to the total acreage of the State.
                    (B) An analysis of the possible threat to food 
                security, food safety, biosecurity, or environmental 
                protection due to the ownership of agricultural land by 
                each covered foreign country through covered foreign 
                persons.
                    (C) An analysis of the annual and total cost of 
                support for agricultural land owned by covered foreign 
                persons through farm programs administered by the Farm 
                Service Agency.
                    (D) An analysis of the use of agricultural land for 
                industrial espionage or intellectual property transfer 
                by covered foreign persons.
                    (E) An analysis of the potential use by covered 
                foreign persons of agricultural land in close proximity 
                to manufacturing facilities, water sources, and other 
                critical infrastructure to monitor, interrupt, or 
                disrupt activities critical to the national and 
                economic security of the United States.
                    (F) An analysis of other threats to the 
                agricultural industry or national security of the 
                United States due to the ownership of agricultural land 
                by covered foreign persons.
            (3) Unclassified form.--A report submitted under this 
        subsection shall--
                    (A) be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
                include a classified annex; and
                    (B) be consistent with the protection of 
                intelligence sources and methods.

SEC. 12303. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.

    (a) Investigative Actions.--Section 4 of the Agricultural Foreign 
Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3503) is amended to read as 
follows:

``SEC. 4. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall appoint an employee in the 
Senior Executive Service (as described in section 3131 of title 5, 
United States Code) of the Department of Agriculture to serve as Chief 
of Operations of Investigative Actions (referred to in this section as 
the `Chief of Operations'), who shall hire, appoint, and maintain 
additional employees to monitor compliance with the provisions of this 
Act.
    ``(b) Chief of Operations.--The Chief of Operations may serve in 
such position simultaneously with a concurrent position within the 
Department of Agriculture.
    ``(c) Security.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) provide classified storage, meeting, and other 
        spaces, as necessary, for personnel of the Chief of Operations; 
        and
            ``(2) assist such personnel in obtaining security 
        clearances.
    ``(d) Duties.--The Chief of Operations shall--
            ``(1) monitor compliance with this Act;
            ``(2) refer noncompliance with this Act to the Secretary, 
        the Farm Service Agency, and any other appropriate authority;
            ``(3) conduct investigations, in coordination with the 
        Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the 
        Department of Homeland Security, the Department of the 
        Treasury, the National Security Council, and State and local 
        law enforcement agencies, on malign efforts--
                    ``(A) to steal agricultural knowledge and 
                technology; or
                    ``(B) to disrupt the United States agricultural 
                base;
            ``(4) conduct an annual audit of the database developed 
        under section 12304(c) of the Farm, Food, and National Security 
        Act of 2024;
            ``(5) seek to enter into memoranda of agreement and 
        memoranda of understanding with the Federal agencies described 
        in paragraph (3)--
                    ``(A) to ensure compliance with this Act; and
                    ``(B) to prevent the malign efforts described in 
                that paragraph;
            ``(6) refer to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the 
        United States transactions that--
                    ``(A) raise potential national security concerns; 
                and
                    ``(B) result in agricultural land acquisition by a 
                foreign person that is a citizen of, or headquartered 
                in, as applicable, a foreign entity of concern; and
            ``(7) publish annual reports that summarize the information 
        contained in every report received by the Secretary under 
        section 2 during the period covered by the report.
    ``(e) Administration.--The Chief of Operations shall report to--
            ``(1) the Secretary; or
            ``(2) if delegated by the Secretary, to--
                    ``(A) the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency; 
                or
                    ``(B) the Director of the Department of Agriculture 
                Office of Homeland Security.''.
    (b) Definition of Foreign Entity of Concern.--Section 9 of the 
Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508) 
is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``For purposes of this Act--'' and inserting ``In this Act:'';
            (2) in each of paragraphs (1) through (6)--
                    (A) by striking ``the term'' and inserting ``The 
                term''; and
                    (B) by inserting a paragraph heading, the text of 
                which comprises the term defined in that paragraph;
            (3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as 
        paragraphs (3), (4), (6), (7), and (8), respectively;
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity 
        of concern' has the meaning given the term in section 9901 of 
        the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
        Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651).''; and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(5) Malign effort.--The term `malign effort' means any 
        hostile effort undertaken by, at the direction of, on behalf 
        of, or with the substantial support of the government of a 
        foreign entity of concern.''.

SEC. 12304. DIGITIZATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF FOREIGN LAND OWNERSHIP 
              DATA COLLECTION AND PUBLICATION.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Agricultural land.--The term ``agricultural land'' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 781.2 of title 7, Code of 
        Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of 
        this Act).
            (2) Database.--The term ``database'' means the database 
        developed under subsection (c).
            (3) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign 
        Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508).
    (b) Electronic Filing.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a streamlined 
process for electronic submission and retention of disclosures made 
pursuant to the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 
(7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
    (c) Database.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a database of agricultural 
land owned by foreign persons, using data that are collected--
            (1) pursuant to the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
        Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.); and
            (2) from--
                    (A) FSA-153 forms submitted to the Farm Service 
                Agency; or
                    (B) the electronic system established pursuant to 
                subsection (b).
    (d) Contents.--Each entry in the database for each registration or 
updated registration of agricultural land owned or leased by a foreign 
person shall include pertinent information, as determined by the 
Secretary, in the applicable filing, except it shall not include the 
name of the filer and the purchase or lease price of such transaction.
    (e) Audit.--Not later than 180 days after the database is made 
publicly available, and annually thereafter, the Chief of Operations 
for Investigative Actions appointed under section 4 of the Agricultural 
Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (as amended by section 
12303(a)) shall--
            (1) conduct an audit of the database; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report--
                    (A) evaluating the accuracy of the database; and
                    (B) describing recommendations for improving 
                compliance with the reporting required under the 
                Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 
                (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.).
    (f) Funding.--Out of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, 
the Secretary shall use $10,000,000, to remain available until 
expended, to carry out the requirements of this section.
    (g) Repeal.--Section 773 of division A of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2023 (Public Law 117-328) is repealed.

               Subtitle D--Other Miscellaneous Provisions

SEC. 12401. THRIFTY FOOD PLAN.

    Section 3(u) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2012(u)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(u)(1) `Thrifty food plan' means the diet required to feed a 
family of 4 persons consisting of a man and a woman 20 through 50, a 
child 6 through 8, and a child 9 through 11 years of age, based on 
relevant market baskets that shall only be changed pursuant to 
paragraph (3). The cost of such diet shall be the basis for uniform 
allotments for all households regardless of their actual composition. 
The Secretary shall only adjust the cost of the diet as specified in 
paragraphs (2) and (4).
    ``(2) Household Adjustments.--The Secretary shall make household-
size adjustments based on the following ratios of household size as a 
percentage of the maximum 4-person allotment:
            ``(A) For a 1-person household, 30 percent.
            ``(B) For a 2-person household, 55 percent.
            ``(C) For a 3-person household, 79 percent.
            ``(D) For a 4-person household, 100 percent.
            ``(E) For a 5-person household. 119 percent.
            ``(F) For a 6-person household, 143 percent.
            ``(G) For a 7-person household, 158 percent.
            ``(H) For an 8-person household, 180 percent.
            ``(I) For a 9-person household, 203 percent.
            ``(J) For a 10-person household, 224 percent.
            ``(K) For households with more than 10 persons, such 
        adjustment for each additional person shall be 224 percent plus 
        the product of 21 percent and the difference in the number of 
        persons in the household and 10.
            ``(3) Reevaluation of market baskets.--
                    ``(A) Evaluation.--Not earlier than October 1, 
                2027, and at not more frequently than 5-year intervals 
                thereafter, the Secretary may reevaluate the market 
                baskets of the thrifty food plan taking into 
                consideration current food prices, food composition 
                data, consumption patterns, and dietary guidance.
                    ``(B) Notice.--Prior to any update of the market 
                baskets of the thrifty food plan based on a 
                reevaluation pursuant to subparagraph (A), the 
                methodology and results of any such revelation shall be 
                published in the Federal Register with an opportunity 
                for comment of not less than 60 days.
                    ``(C) Cost neutrality.--The Secretary shall not 
                increase the cost of the thrifty food plan based on a 
                reevaluation or update under this paragraph.
            ``(4) Allowable cost adjustments.--On October 1 immediately 
        following enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security 
        Act of 2024 and on each October 1 thereafter, the Secretary 
        shall--
                    ``(A) adjust the cost of the thrifty food plan to 
                reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for All 
                Urban Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor 
                Statistics of the Department of Labor, for the most 
                recent 12-month period ending in June;
                    ``(B) make cost adjustments in the thrifty food 
                plan for urban and rural parts of Hawaii and urban and 
                rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of food in 
                urban and rural Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska 
                provided such cost adjustment shall not exceed the rate 
                of increase described in the Consumer Price Index for 
                All Urban Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor 
                Statistics of the Department of Labor, for the most 
                recent 12-month period ending in June; and
                    ``(C) make cost adjustments in the separate thrifty 
                food plans for Guam and the Virgin Islands of the 
                United States to reflect the cost of food in those 
                States, but not to exceed the cost of food in the 50 
                States and the District of Columbia, provided that such 
                cost adjustment shall not exceed the rate of increase 
                described in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban 
                Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
                of the Department of Labor, for the most recent 12-
                month period ending in June.''.

SEC. 12402. ESTABLISHMENT OF DIETARY GUIDELINES.

    (a) Establishment of Dietary Guidelines.--Section 301(a) of the 
National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7 
U.S.C. 5341(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``At least every five years the'' 
                and inserting ``The''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``jointly'' after ``Secretaries 
                shall'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``be based on the 
        preponderance of the scientific and medical knowledge which is 
        current at the time the report is prepared.'' and inserting 
        ``be--
                    ``(A) based on significant scientific agreement 
                that is determined by evidence-based review;
                    ``(B) current at the time the report is prepared;
                    ``(C) derived from questions--
                            ``(i) generated from the Independent 
                        Advisory Board described in paragraph (4); and
                            ``(ii) based on high priority areas of 
                        concern to advance scientific outcomes;
                    ``(D) designed to achieve nutritional adequacy and 
                promote health, as specified by the Food and Nutrition 
                Board of the National Academies of Sciences, 
                Engineering and Medicine, from the consumption of food, 
                including nutrients and bioactive food components 
                occurring naturally and in fortified foods;
                    ``(E) include nutritional and dietary information 
                relevant to individuals with nutrition-related common 
                chronic diseases, as defined by the Centers for Disease 
                Control and Prevention; and
                    ``(F) include recommendations that are affordable, 
                available, and accessible for the general 
                population.'';
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (7);
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Frequency.--The Secretaries shall publish the report 
        required under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) as necessary to promote health based on 
                updated Dietary Reference Intake values specified by--
                            ``(i) the Food and Nutrition Board of the 
                        National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
                        and Medicine; and
                            ``(ii) other relevant scientific 
                        advancements based on continuous review of the 
                        totality of publicly available scientific 
                        evidence; and
                    ``(B) not less than once every 10 years.
            ``(4) Independent advisory board.--
                    ``(A) When the Secretaries jointly determine it is 
                appropriate to begin the process of updating the 
                Dietary Guidelines, the Secretaries shall notify, in 
                writing, the Committees on--
                            ``(i) Agriculture of the House of 
                        Representatives;
                            ``(ii) Energy and Commerce of the House of 
                        Representatives;
                            ``(iii) Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                        Forestry of the Senate; and
                            ``(iv) Health, Education, Labor, and 
                        Pensions of the Senate.
                    ``(B) The notification under subparagraph (A) shall 
                include a justification for why the Secretaries have 
                determined it is appropriate to begin the process of 
                updating the Dietary Guidelines.
                    ``(C) Not later than 3 months after sending such 
                notification, the Secretaries shall establish an 
                Independent Advisory Board (hereinafter referred to as 
                the `Board') and jointly appoint 4 members to the 
                Board, no more than 2 of whom may be Federal employees.
                    ``(D) Not later than 3 months after receiving such 
                notification, the highest-ranking Member on each 
                Committee described in subparagraph (A) of the opposite 
                political party of the President of the United States 
                shall appoint 1 member to the Board.
                    ``(E) The Board shall consist of no more than 8 
                members, and a working quorum shall be 4 members 
                present. No meeting of the Board may take place until 
                after 3 months from the date on which the Secretaries 
                send the notification under subparagraph (A).
                    ``(F) The members appointed to the Board shall have 
                expertise in nutrition science or food science, 
                including academic and applied experience.
                    ``(G) Not later than 12 months after the date on 
                which the Secretaries send the notification under 
                subparagraph (A), the Board shall generate and send to 
                the Secretaries and the Committees described in 
                subparagraph (A) the questions described in paragraph 
                (2)(C)(i).
                    ``(H) The authority of the Board shall terminate, 
                and the Board shall disband, immediately after 
                satisfying subparagraph (G).
            ``(5) Dietary reference intake updates.--The Secretaries 
        shall coordinate with the Joint United States-Canada Dietary 
        Reference Intake Working Group to ensure that the Food and 
        Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, 
        Engineering, and Medicine update the Dietary Reference Intake 
        values to represent the most up-to-date understanding of 
        nutritional science. The Joint United States-Canada Dietary 
        Reference Intake Working Group should initiate at least one 
        Dietary Reference Intake update per year and identify updates 
        which are of highest priority which necessitate review.
            ``(6) Exclusion.--The information and guidelines contained 
        in each report required under paragraph (1) shall not be based 
        on or include topics which are not relevant to dietary 
        guidance, including taxation, social welfare policies, 
        purchases under Federal feeding programs, food and agricultural 
        production practices, food labeling, socioeconomic status, 
        race, ethnicity, culture, or regulations relating to 
        nutrition.''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Evidence based review.--
                    ``(A) Definition.--For purposes of this section, 
                the term `evidence-based review' means a process under 
                which--
                            ``(i) the totality of the scientific 
                        evidence relevant to a question of interest is 
                        collected, analyzed, and evaluated;
                            ``(ii) scientific studies, conclusions, and 
                        recommendations are rated, adhering strictly to 
                        standardized, generally accepted evidence-based 
                        review methods; and
                            ``(iii) external peer review is conducted 
                        by non-government experts with recognized 
                        expertise in quality of evidence evaluation.
                    ``(B) Strength of evidence.--Each guideline 
                contained in a report published pursuant to this 
                subsection shall be assigned a rating by the 
                Secretaries for the strength of evidence used, 
                including to the extent by which the guideline will 
                improve the Healthy Eating Index.
                    ``(C) Transparency.--
                            ``(i) Disclosure.--Any individual appointed 
                        to the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee to 
                        review the science for the guidelines, or 
                        appointed to the Independent Advisory Board 
                        under paragraph (4), must provide full 
                        disclosure of all financial and nonfinancial 
                        conflicts of interest relevant to such review, 
                        using the Office of Government Ethics Form 450 
                        (or successor form).
                            ``(ii) Publication.--Notwithstanding any 
                        other provision of law, not later than 30 days 
                        after the date on which a Dietary Guidelines 
                        Advisory Committee is established, the 
                        Secretaries shall make publicly available--
                                    ``(I) the disclosures required 
                                under clause (i), categorized by the 
                                name of the individual; and
                                    ``(II) a detailed plan for managing 
                                any disclosed conflicts of interest, 
                                including financial or ethical 
                                conflicts of interest, along with 
                                preferences, values, and beliefs.
            ``(9) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit 
        Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make available 
        to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
        years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.''.
    (b) Controlling Report.--The 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 
published by the Secretaries under subsection (a)(1) of section 301 of 
the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (7 
U.S.C. 5341(a)(1)) shall be controlling and considered to be the most 
recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans until the publication of the 
first report under such subsection in accordance with the amendments 
made to such section by this Act.

SEC. 12403. ORGANIC OR NON-ORGANIC WHOLE MILK PERMISSIBLE.

    Section 9(a)(2) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1758(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
                    ``(A) In general.--Lunches served by schools 
                participating in the school lunch program under this 
                Act--
                            ``(i) shall offer students a variety of 
                        fluid milk;
                            ``(ii) may offer students flavored and 
                        unflavored organic or non-organic whole, 
                        reduced-fat, low-fat and fat-free fluid milk 
                        and lactose-free fluid milk; and
                            ``(iii) shall provide a substitute for 
                        fluid milk for students whose disability 
                        restricts their diet, on receipt of a written 
                        statement from a licensed physician that 
                        identifies the disability that restricts the 
                        student's diet and that specifies the 
                        substitute for fluid milk.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Saturated fat.--Milk fat included in any 
                fluid milk provided under subparagraph (A) shall not be 
                considered saturated fat for purposes of measuring 
                compliance with the allowable average saturated fat 
                content of a meal under section 210.10 of title 7, Code 
                of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).
                    ``(E) Prohibition on certain purchases.--The 
                Secretary shall prohibit schools participating in the 
                school lunch program under this Act from purchasing or 
                offering milk produced by China state-owned 
                enterprises.
                    ``(F) Limitation on authority.--The Secretary may 
                not prohibit any school participating in the school 
                lunch program under this Act from offering students the 
                milk described in subparagraph (A)(ii).''.

SEC. 12404. COMMISSION ON FARM TRANSITIONS--NEEDS FOR 2050.

    Section 12609 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115-334; 132 Stat. 5009) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``There is established'' 
        and inserting ``Not later than 60 days after the date of the 
        enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, 
        the Secretary shall establish'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Recommendations'' after ``Study'';
                    (B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                inserting ``, and make recommendations relating to,'' 
                after ``study on'';
                    (C) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``and 
                        timely'' after ``affordable''; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (D) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(D) apprenticeships, mentoring programs, business 
                training, and technical assistance programs;'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``existing and new Federal tax 
                        policies'' and inserting ``existing and new 
                        State and Federal policies, including tax 
                        policies''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``or 
                        impede'' after ``facilitate'';
                    (E) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (F) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (G) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) heirs' property and succession of agricultural land;
            ``(7) any unique barriers faced by historically underserved 
        and women farmers and ranchers in the ability to transfer, 
        inherit, or purchase agricultural assets, including land; and
            ``(8) leasing and ownership trends, including leasing and 
        ownership trends by foreign persons or entities.'';
            (3) in subsection (f), by striking ``1 year after the date 
        of enactment of this Act'' and inserting ``2 years after the 
        date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act 
        of 2024''; and
            (4) in subsection (m), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 12405. REPORT ON PERSONNEL.

    Section 12506 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.

SEC. 12406. IMPROVEMENTS TO UNITED STATES DROUGHT MONITOR.

    Section 12512(d)(2) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 
U.S.C. 5856(d)(2)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 12407. AGRICULTURAL FIBER PRODUCTS TRUST FUND.

    (a) Establishment of Trust Fund.--There is established in the 
Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the 
``Agricultural Fiber Products Trust Fund'' (in this section referred to 
as the ``Trust Fund''), consisting of such amounts as may be 
transferred to the Trust Fund pursuant to subsection (c)(1), and to be 
used for the following purposes:
            (1) Reducing the injury to domestic manufacturers resulting 
        from tariffs on wool fabric that are higher than tariffs on 
        certain apparel articles made of wool fabric.
            (2) Reducing the injury to domestic manufacturers resulting 
        from tariffs on cotton fabric that are higher than tariffs on 
        certain apparel articles made of cotton fabric.
            (3) Providing grants described in section 506(d) of the 
        Trade and Development Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 7101 note).
    (b) Use of Funds.--
            (1) Wool apparel manufacturers.--From the amount made 
        available in subsection (c), the Secretary shall make payments 
        annually beginning in calendar year 2025 for the purposes 
        described in subsection (a)(1).
                    (A) Distribution of funds.--The Secretary shall 
                make payments under paragraph (1) as follows:
                            (i) To each eligible manufacturer under 
                        paragraph (3) of section 4002(c) of the Wool 
                        Suit and Textile Trade Extension Act of 2004 
                        (Public Law 108-429; 118 Stat. 2600), as 
                        amended by section 1633(c) of the Miscellaneous 
                        Trade and Technical Corrections Act of 2006 
                        (Public Law 109-280; 120 Stat. 1166) and 
                        section 325(b) of the Tax Extenders and 
                        Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008 
                        (division C of Public Law 110-343; 122 Stat. 
                        3875), and any successor-in-interest to such a 
                        manufacturer as provided for under paragraph 
                        (4) of such section 4002(c), that submits an 
                        affidavit in accordance with paragraph (2) for 
                        the year of the payment, payments in amounts 
                        authorized under that paragraph.
                            (ii) To each eligible manufacturer under 
                        paragraph (6) of such section 4002(c), payments 
                        in amounts authorized under that paragraph.
                    (B) Submission of affidavits.--An affidavit 
                required by subparagraph (A)(i) shall be submitted to 
                the Secretary, or as directed by the Secretary, and not 
                later than March 15.
                    (C) Payment of amounts.--The Secretary shall make 
                payments to eligible manufacturers and successors-in-
                interest described in clauses (i) and (ii) of 
                subparagraph (A) not later than April 15 of the year of 
                the payment.
                    (D) Memoranda of understanding.--The Secretary 
                shall, as soon as practicable after the date of the 
                enactment of this Act, negotiate memoranda of 
                understanding with the Commissioner responsible for 
                U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Secretary of 
                Commerce to establish procedures pursuant to which the 
                Commissioner and the Secretary of Commerce will assist 
                in carrying out the provisions of this section.
                    (E) Increase in payments in the event of expiration 
                of duty suspensions.--
                            (i) In general.--In any calendar year in 
                        which the suspension of duty on wool fabrics 
                        provided for under headings 9902.51.11, 
                        9902.51.13, 9902.51.14, 9902.51.15, and 
                        9902.51.16 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of 
                        the United States are not in effect, the amount 
                        of any payment described in paragraph (1) to a 
                        manufacturer or successor-in-interest shall be 
                        increased by an amount the Secretary, after 
                        consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, 
                        determines is equal to the amount the 
                        manufacturer or successor-in-interest would 
                        have saved during the calendar year of the 
                        payment if the suspension of duty on wool 
                        fabrics were in effect.
                            (ii) No appeal of determinations.--A 
                        determination of the Secretary under this 
                        subsection shall be final and not subject to 
                        appeal or protest.
            (2) Pima agriculture cotton.--From the amount made 
        available in subsection (c) the Secretary shall make payments 
        annually beginning in calendar year 2025 for the purpose 
        described in subsection (a)(2).
                    (A) Distribution of funds.--The Secretary shall 
                make payments under paragraph (2) as follows:
                            (i) Twenty-five percent of the amounts made 
                        available in subsection (c)(2)(A) shall be paid 
                        to one or more nationally recognized 
                        associations established for the promotion of 
                        pima cotton for use in textile and apparel 
                        goods.
                            (ii)(I) Except as provided in subclause 
                        (II), 25 percent of the amounts made available 
                        in subsection (c)(2)(A) shall be paid to yarn 
                        spinners of pima cotton that produce ring spun 
                        cotton yarns in the United States, to be 
                        allocated to each spinner in an amount that 
                        bears the same ratio as--
                                            (aa) the spinner's 
                                        production of ring spun cotton 
                                        yarns, measuring less than 
                                        83.33 decitex (exceeding 120 
                                        metric number) from pima cotton 
                                        in single and plied form during 
                                        the prior calendar year (as 
                                        evidenced by an affidavit 
                                        provided by the spinner that 
                                        meets the requirements of 
                                        subparagraph (B)), bears to--
                                            (bb) the production of the 
                                        yarns described in item (aa) 
                                        during the prior calendar year 
                                        for all spinners who qualify 
                                        under this paragraph.
                                    (II)(aa) A yarn spinner shall not 
                                receive an amount under clause (ii) 
                                that exceeds the cost of pima cotton 
                                that--
                                            (bb) was purchased during 
                                        the prior calendar year; and
                                            (cc) was used in spinning 
                                        any cotton yarns.
                                    (III) The Secretary shall 
                                reallocate any amounts reduced by 
                                reason of the limitation under item 
                                (aa) to spinners using the ratio 
                                described in subclause (I), 
                                disregarding production of any spinner 
                                subject to that limitation.
                            (iii) Fifty percent of the amounts made 
                        available in subsection (c)(2)(A) shall be paid 
                        to manufacturers who cut and sew cotton shirts 
                        in the United States who certify that they used 
                        imported cotton fabric during the prior 
                        calendar year, to be allocated to each such 
                        manufacturer in an amount that bears the same 
                        ratio as--
                                    (I) the dollar value (excluding 
                                duty, shipping, and related costs) of 
                                imported woven cotton shirting fabric 
                                of 80s or higher count and 2-ply in 
                                warp purchased by the manufacturer 
                                during the prior calendar year (as 
                                evidenced by an affidavit provided by 
                                the manufacturer that meets the 
                                requirements of subparagraph (C)) used 
                                in the manufacturing of men's and boys' 
                                cotton shirts; bears to
                                    (II) the dollar value (excluding 
                                duty, shipping, and related costs) of 
                                the fabric described in subclause (I) 
                                purchased during the prior calendar 
                                year by all manufacturers who qualify 
                                under this clause.
                    (B) Affidavit of yarn spinners.--The affidavit 
                required by subparagraph (A)(ii)(I)(aa) is a notarized 
                affidavit provided annually by an officer of a producer 
                of ring spun yarns that affirms--
                            (i) that the producer used pima cotton 
                        during the year in which the affidavit is filed 
                        and during the prior calendar year to produce 
                        ring spun cotton yarns in the United States, 
                        measuring less than 83.33 decitex (exceeding 
                        120 metric number), in single and plied form;
                            (ii) the quantity, measured in pounds, of 
                        ring spun cotton yarns, measuring less than 
                        83.33 decitex (exceeding 120 metric number), in 
                        single and plied form during the prior calendar 
                        year;
                            (iii) that the producer maintains 
                        supporting documentation showing the quantity 
                        of such yarns produced, and evidencing the 
                        yarns as ring spun cotton yarns, measuring less 
                        than 83.33 decitex (exceeding 120 metric 
                        number), in single and plied form during the 
                        prior calendar year; and
                            (iv) the dollar amount of pima cotton 
                        purchased during the prior calendar year--
                                    (I) that was used in spinning any 
                                cotton yarns; and
                                    (II) for which the producer 
                                maintains supporting documentation.
                    (C) Affidavit of shirting manufacturers.--
                            (i) In general.--The affidavit required by 
                        subparagraph (A)(iii)(I) is a notarized 
                        affidavit provided annually by an officer of a 
                        manufacturer of men's and boys' shirts that 
                        affirms--
                                    (I) that the manufacturer used 
                                imported cotton fabric during the year 
                                in which the affidavit is filed and 
                                during the prior calendar year, to cut 
                                and sew men's and boys' woven cotton 
                                shirts in the United States;
                                    (II) the dollar value of imported 
                                woven cotton shirting fabric of 80s or 
                                higher count and 2-ply in warp 
                                purchased by the manufacturer during 
                                the prior calendar year;
                                    (III) that the manufacturer 
                                maintains invoices along with other 
                                supporting documentation (such as price 
                                lists and other technical descriptions 
                                of the fabric qualities) showing the 
                                dollar value of such fabric purchased, 
                                the date of purchase, and evidencing 
                                the fabric as woven cotton fabric of 
                                80s or higher count and 2-ply in warp; 
                                and
                                    (IV) that the fabric was suitable 
                                for use in the manufacturing of men's 
                                and boys' cotton shirts.
                            (ii) Date of purchase.--For purposes of the 
                        affidavit under clause (i), the date of 
                        purchase shall be the invoice date, and the 
                        dollar value shall be determined excluding 
                        duty, shipping, and related costs.
                    (D) Filing deadline for affidavits.--Any person 
                required to provide an affidavit under this paragraph 
                shall file the affidavit with the Secretary or as 
                directed by the Secretary not later than March 15 of 
                the applicable calendar year.
                    (E) Timing of distributions.--The Secretary shall 
                make a payment under clause (ii) or (iii) of 
                subparagraph (A) not later than the date that is 30 
                days after the filing of the affidavit required with 
                respect to that payment.
            (3) Wool research and promotion.--From the amount made 
        available in subsection (c) the Secretary shall make payments 
        annually beginning in calendar year 2025 for the purpose 
        described in subsection (a)(3).
    (c) Funding.--
            (1) In general.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit 
        Corporation, the Secretary shall transfer to the Trust Fund 
        $50,000,000 for each of the calendar years 2025 through 2029.
            (2) Distribution of funds.--The funds made available under 
        paragraph (1), shall be distributed to the purposes of this 
        section in the following manner:
                    (A) Not less than $30,000,000 for each of the 
                calendar years 2025 through 2029 for the purposes 
                described in (a)(1).
                    (B) Not less than $17,750,000 for each of the 
                calendar years 2025 through 2029 for the purposes 
                described in (a)(2).
                    (C) Not less than $2,250,000 for each of the 
                calendar years 2025 through 2029 for the purposes 
                described in (a)(3).
            (3) Availability of funds.--Amounts transferred to the 
        Trust Fund under paragraph (1) shall remain available until 
        expended.
    (d) Sunset of Previous Funds.--The Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public 
Law 113-79) is amended--
            (1) in section 12314 (7 U.S.C. 2101 note), by adding at the 
        end the following:
    ``(i) Sunset.--Effective January 1, 2025, the Trust Fund shall be 
abolished and all unobligated amounts in the Trust Fund on such date 
shall be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury of the United 
States.'';
            (2) in section 12315 (7 U.S.C. 2101 note), by adding at the 
        end the following:
    ``(g) Sunset.--Effective January 1, 2025, the Trust Fund shall be 
abolished and all unobligated amounts in the Trust Fund on such date 
shall be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury of the United 
States.''; and
            (3) in section 12316 (7 U.S.C. 2101 note)--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the 
                following: ``Effective January 1, 2025, the Secretary 
                may not make grants under the preceding sentence and, 
                any unobligated amounts of the amounts made available 
                under such preceding sentence, are rescinded.''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the 
                following: ``Effective January 1, 2025, the authority 
                to use unexpended unobligated balances remaining in the 
                Wool Research, Development, and Promotion Trust Fund 
                for the purposes described in the preceding sentence 
                shall cease to be effective.''.

SEC. 12408. REPORTS ON LAND ACCESS AND FARMLAND OWNERSHIP DATA 
              COLLECTION.

    Section 12607 of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 
2204i) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                inserting ``and not less frequently than once every 2 
                years thereafter,'' before ``the Secretary of 
                Agriculture'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) a catalog of existing Federal, State, or private 
        programs that facilitate access to land, capital, and markets, 
        including programs providing assistance relating to--
                    ``(A) acquiring of real property (including air 
                rights, water rights, and other interests therein), 
                including closing costs;
                    ``(B) subsidizing interest rates and mortgage 
                principal amounts for intended beneficiaries;
                    ``(C) providing down payment assistance to decrease 
                farm mortgages;
                    ``(D) securing clear title on heirs' property 
                farmland;
                    ``(E) conducting surveys and assessments of 
                agricultural land;
                    ``(F) improving or remediating land, water, and 
                soil;
                    ``(G) constructing or repairing infrastructure;
                    ``(H) supporting land use planning;
                    ``(I) acquiring legal or financial planning 
                assistance;
                    ``(J) carrying out Tribal consultation;
                    ``(K) supporting acquisition of a Department of 
                Agriculture farm number; and
                    ``(L) any other activities as determined by the 
                Secretary.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 12409. INCREASING TRANSPARENCY REGARDING DETENTION OF IMPORTED 
              PLANTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the Director 
of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commissioner of U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection, shall issue guidance to clarify the 
process by which an importer of plants that have been denied entry into 
the United States and detained under the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981 
(16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.) may obtain additional information on such 
denial and detention.
    (b) Information Provided.--The process referred to in subsection 
(a) shall ensure that the Secretary shall provide to an importer 
described in such subsection, upon the detention of any plants of such 
importer, the following information:
            (1) The specific reasons for which the detention of the 
        plants was initiated, including the date on which the plants 
        were presented to the Secretary for examination.
            (2) The anticipated length of the detention of such plants.
            (3) The nature of the tests or inquiries to be conducted on 
        the plants, which the importer shall be able to replicate.
            (4) The nature of any information that, if supplied to the 
        Secretary, would accelerate the disposition of the detention.

SEC. 12410. ENHANCEMENT OF PET PROTECTIONS.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment 
of this Act (or later, if the Secretary determines appropriate after 
taking into consideration any ongoing programmatic review of the Animal 
Care program of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate a report with respect to companion animals 
that--
            (1) evaluates the enforcement of standards under, and 
        requirements of, the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.) 
        by the Secretary for both effectiveness and efficiency;
            (2) evaluates the efforts by the Secretary to educate and 
        advise dealers of all standards under, and requirements of, 
        such Act;
            (3) evaluates the capacity of the Secretary to enforce the 
        standards established by such Act;
            (4) makes recommendations for the improvement of--
                    (A) all standards (including animal welfare 
                standards) under, and requirements of, such Act; and
                    (B) education efforts of the Secretary with respect 
                to such standards and requirements; and
            (5) considers the impact and associated costs of any 
        recommended improvements or amendments to the standards under, 
        and requirements of, such Act.
    (b) Veterinary Care.--
            (1) In general.--Section 13(a)(2)(A) of the Animal Welfare 
        Act (7 U.S.C. 2143(a)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting ``(which 
        shall include visual dental examinations)'' after ``adequate 
        veterinary care''.
            (2) Technical amendment.--Section 13 of the Animal Welfare 
        Act (7 U.S.C. 2143) is amended by redesignating the second 
        subsection (f) (prohibiting delivery of certain animals without 
        certificate of inspection), subsection (g), and subsection (h) 
        as subsections (g) through (i), respectively.
    (c) Confiscation for Unrelieved Suffering.--
            (1) In general.--Section 13 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 
        U.S.C. 2143) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) The Secretary shall promulgate such rules and regulations as 
may be necessary to, during the inspection process under section 16--
            ``(1) provide for the notification of State law enforcement 
        officials or the State animal health official (or designee of 
        such official); or
            ``(2) consider immediate confiscation or destruction of a 
        dog, in the event that such dog is determined to be in a state 
        of unrelieved suffering.''.
            (2) Definition.--Section 2 of the Animal Welfare Act (7 
        U.S.C. 2132) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(p) The term `unrelieved suffering' means, with respect to a dog, 
a state in which the dog is forced to endure conditions, arising out of 
a dealer's failure to comply with the provisions of this Act, which 
cause severe pain or distress or severe discomfort, or which could 
directly and negatively impact the health and well-being of the dog if 
immediate actions are not taken to remedy the situation.''.

SEC. 12411. PROTECTING ANIMALS WITH SHELTER.

    Section 12502(b)(8) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 
(Public Law 115-334) is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
``2029''.

SEC. 12412. REPORT ON AVAILABLE ASSISTANCE TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN 
              THE STATE OF TEXAS THAT HAVE SUFFERED ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE 
              TO THE FAILURE OF MEXICO TO DELIVER WATER.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
and Forestry of the Senate a report that lists all existing authorities 
of the Secretary and programs within the Department that are or could 
be made available to provide assistance to agricultural producers in 
the State of Texas that have suffered economic losses due to the 
failure of Mexico to deliver water to the United States in accordance 
with the Treaty Relating to the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado 
and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande signed at Washington on 
February 3, 1944 and the Supplementary Protocol signed at Washington 
November 14, 1944.

SEC. 12413. EXPERIENCED SERVICES PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall use the talents of individuals 
who are age 55 or older, but who are not employees of the Department or 
a State agriculture department, to provide technical, professional, and 
administrative services in support of programs and authorities in each 
mission area of the Department, other than programs and authorities of 
the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Forest Service.
    (b) Agreements.--The Secretary shall enter into agreements under 
section 1252(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3851(b)) 
for purposes of carrying out subsection (a).
    (c) Funding.--The Secretary may carry out subsection (a) using 
funds made available to carry out any program in the applicable mission 
area of the Department.
    (d) Liability.--Section 1252(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3851(d)) shall apply to individuals providing technical, 
professional, or administrative services pursuant to this section.
    (e) References to Experienced Services Program.--For purposes of 
this section, references in subsections (b) and (d) of section 1252 of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3851) to the program shall be 
deemed to be references to this section.

SEC. 12414. AGRICULTURAL LABOR SURVEY.

    (a) In General.--In carrying out the Agricultural Labor Survey, the 
Secretary shall make such changes as are necessary to--
            (1) collect and publish data regarding the average hourly 
        base rate of pay for hired agricultural workers; and
            (2) ensure survey recipients include all agricultural 
        employers, agricultural associations employing farm labor, and 
        farm labor contractors (as such term is defined in section 
        500.20 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor 
        regulations).
    (b) Report Required.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and 
        the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the 
        Senate a report examining the quality of the farm labor survey 
        and the impacts of labor costs on agricultural employers.
            (2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall 
        examine--
                    (A) with regard to the Agricultural Labor Survey--
                            (i) for each of the previous 5 years--
                                    (I) the number of surveys that were 
                                distributed;
                                    (II) the number of responses to 
                                such surveys; and
                                    (III) relevant metrics regarding 
                                the statistical soundness of such 
                                surveys, including the survey response 
                                rate; and
                            (ii) what actions can be taken by the 
                        Secretary to increase the response rate and 
                        improve the statistical soundness of such 
                        survey; and
                    (B) with regard to agricultural labor costs--
                            (i) the share of such costs as a percentage 
                        of total variable costs, broken out by size of 
                        operation and by primary commodity produced;
                            (ii) an analysis of the impact of such 
                        costs on beginning farmers and ranchers (as 
                        defined in section 210A(a) of the Agricultural 
                        Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627c(a)));
                            (iii) a comparison of the trends of wages 
                        surveyed under the agricultural labor survey 
                        and the non-farm wage rates over the previous 
                        10 years;
                            (iv) an analysis of the extent to which the 
                        Adverse Effect Wage Rate (as defined in section 
                        500.10 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations 
                        (or successor regulations)) utilized by the H-
                        2A temporary agricultural labor certification 
                        program impacts costs for all agricultural 
                        workers; and
                            (v) a determination of any adverse effect 
                        the wage rate described in clause (iv) has on 
                        domestic agricultural workers.

SEC. 12415. EXTENSION OF SECURE RURAL SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITY SELF-
              DETERMINATION ACT OF 2000.

    (a) Secure Payments for States and Counties Containing Federal 
Land.--
            (1) Secure payments.--Section 101 of the Secure Rural 
        Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 
        7111) is amended, in subsections (a) and (b), by striking 
        ``2023'' each place it appears and inserting ``2026''.
            (2) Distribution of payments to eligible counties.--Section 
        103(d)(2) of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-
        Determination Act of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 7113(d)(2)) is amended by 
        striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2026''.
    (b) Extension of Authority To Conduct Special Projects on Federal 
Land.--
            (1) Existing advisory committees.--Section 205(a)(4) of the 
        Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 
        2000 (16 U.S.C. 7125(a)(4)) is amended by striking ``December 
        20, 2023'' each place it appears and inserting ``December 20, 
        2026''.
            (2) Extension of authority.--Section 208 of the Secure 
        Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 (16 
        U.S.C. 7128) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``2025'' and 
                inserting ``2028''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``2026'' and 
                inserting ``2029''.
    (c) Extension of Authority To Expend County Funds.--Section 305 of 
the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 
(16 U.S.C. 7144) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2025'' and inserting 
        ``2028''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``2026'' and inserting 
        ``2029''.

SEC. 12416. COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION WHISTLEBLOWER PROGRAM.

    Section 1(b) of Public Law 117-25 (135 Stat. 297; 136 Stat. 2133) 
is amended in each of paragraphs (3) and (4), by striking ``2024'' and 
inserting ``2026''.

SEC. 12417. QUALIFIED RENEWABLE BIOMASS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Agency action.--The term ``agency action'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 551 of title 5, United States 
        Code.
            (2) Qualified renewable biomass.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``qualified renewable 
                biomass'' means--
                            (i) forest products manufacturing bioenergy 
                        feedstocks, including from--
                                    (I) forest products manufacturing 
                                residuals, including spent pulping 
                                liquors, pulping by-products, bark, 
                                woody manufacturing residuals, paper 
                                recycling residuals, wastewater and 
                                process water treatment plant 
                                residuals, and anaerobic digester 
                                biogas;
                                    (II) harvest residues, including 
                                portions of harvested trees that are 
                                too small or of too poor quality to be 
                                utilized for wood products or paper 
                                products;
                                    (III) downed wood from extreme 
                                weather events and natural disasters, 
                                nonhazardous landscape or right-of-way 
                                trimmings and municipal trimmings, and 
                                plant material removed for purposes of 
                                invasive or noxious plant species 
                                control;
                                    (IV) biowaste, including landfill 
                                gas; and
                                    (V) non-chemically treated used 
                                wood products, such as crates or 
                                pallets; and
                            (ii) forest biomass derived from residues 
                        created as a by-product of timber harvesting, 
                        including treetops, tree limbs, and bark, but 
                        excluding stumps, roots, and round wood 
                        suitable for industrial purposes.
                    (B) Exclusion.--Such term does not include paper of 
                a type that is commonly recycled.
    (b) In General.--
            (1) Consideration as renewable energy source.--With respect 
        to any agency action of the Department of Agriculture related 
        to qualified renewable biomass, the Secretary shall consider 
        qualified renewable biomass to be a renewable energy source and 
        assign it (and a facility, to the extent it uses qualified 
        renewable biomass as fuel) a greenhouse gas emission rate, and 
        a carbon intensity, of not greater than zero, if the use of 
        such qualified renewable biomass as fuel does not cause the 
        conversion of forests to non-forest use.
            (2) Petitions.--Not later than 1 year after receiving a 
        petition requesting a change to a rule, policy, or program of 
        the Department of Agriculture in order to comply with the 
        requirements of paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take such 
        action as may be necessary to comply with such requirements 
        with respect to such rule, policy, or program.
    (c) Guidance.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish 
        guidance for purposes of carrying out subsection (b).
            (2) Modification.--The Secretary may periodically update 
        the guidance established under paragraph (1) as the Secretary 
        may determine necessary.
            (3) Consultation.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        Secretary shall consult with--
                    (A) the Administrator of the Environmental 
                Protection Agency;
                    (B) the Secretary of Energy; and
                    (C) any other relevant entities, as determined by 
                the Secretary.
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