(Adopted; 05/04/79; Amended: 02/05/82; Amended: 12/07/84; 

Amended: 05/05/89; Amended: 03/02/90; Amended: 12/07/90; 

Amended: 08/02/91; Amended: 02/07/92; Amended: 03/08/96; 

Rescinded: mm/dd/yy) 

AVAQMD Rule 1128 1128-1

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12

RULE 1128 

Paper, Fabric, and Film Coating Operations 

[The provisions of this rule have been incorporated into the proposed amended version 

of Rule 1130. Bracketed and italicized notes for each section indicate where the 

appropriate rule provision is located in Rule 1130, or why the provision is no longer 

necessary.] 

(a) Applicability [Applicability has been incorporated into Rule 1130 §(A)(2).] 

 This rule applies to all persons applying coatings or wash primers to paper, fabric, or film 

substrates. The drying and curing processes covered under this rule include, but are not limited 

to, heated, forced-air dried, and non-heated processes. 

(b) Definitions [Definitions have been incorporated into Rule 1130 §(B). Definitions have been 

updated as needed.] 

 For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply: 

(1) AEROSOL COATING PRODUCT is a pressurized coating product containing 

pigments or resins that dispenses product ingredients by means of a propellant, and is 

packaged in a disposable can for hand-held application, or for use in specialized 

equipment for ground traffic/marking applications. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(2).] 

 (2) APPLICATION PROCESS is any process where surface coatings are applied and/or 

cured to paper, fabric, and/or film on a coating line. Such coating line shall include 

coating applicators, heating or drying ovens, any dryers, and any other equipment where 

VOC emissions occur. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(4).]

 (3) COATING means a layer of material applied on a substrate that forms a film. [See Rule 

1130 §(B)(11) for updated definition.]

 (4) DIE COATER (OR SLIT COATER) is a type of application equipment that coats an 

object by flowing coatings through a slit directly onto the object moving past the slit. 

[See Rule 1130 §(B)(17).]
1128-2 AVAQMD Rule 1128

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12 

 (5) DIP COATER is a type of application equipment that coats an object by submerging the 

object in a vat of coating, and subsequently withdrawing the object and draining off the 

excess coating. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(20).]

 (6) ELECTROSTATIC APPLICATION is a method of applying coating whereby atomized 

paint droplets are charged and subsequently deposited on the substrate by electrostatic 

attraction. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(27).]

 (7) EXEMPT COMPOUNDS (See Rule 102-Definition of Terms). [See Rule 1130 

§(B)(29), updated for consistency.]

 (8) FABRIC COATING is any decorative or protective coating or reinforcing material 

applied on or impregnated into textile fabric, vinyl coated textile fabric, or vinyl sheets. 

[See Rule 1130 §(B)(30).]

 (9) FILM COATING is any coating applied in a web coating process on any film substrate 

other than paper or fabric, including, but not limited to typewriter ribbons, photographic 

film, magnetic tape, and metal foil gift wrap, but excluding coatings applied to 

packaging used exclusively for food and health-care products for human or animal 

consumption. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(32).]

 (10) FLOW COATER is a type of application equipment that coats an object by flowing a 

stream of coating over the object and draining off any excess coating. [See Rule 1130 

§(B)(36).]

 (11) FOAM COATER is a type of application equipment that coats an object by flowing 

foam through holes or a slit directly onto the object moving underneath it. [See Rule 

1130 §(B)(37).]

 (12) GRAMS OF VOC PER LITER OF COATING, LESS WATER AND LESS EXEMPT 

COMPOUNDS, is the weight of VOC per combined volume of VOC and coating 

solids, and can be calculated by the following equation: [See Rule 1130 §(B)(41).]

 

 Grams of VOC per Liter of Coating, Less Ws - Ww - Wes

Water and Less Exempt Compounds = 

 Vm - Vw - Ves

 Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams 

 Ww = weight of water, in grams 

 Wes = weight of exempt compounds, in grams 

 Vm = volume of material, in liters 

 Vw = volume of water, in liters 

 Ves = volume of exempt compounds, in liters 

 (13) GRAMS OF VOC PER LITER OF MATERIAL is the weight of VOC per volume of 

material and can be calculated by the following equation: [See Rule 1130 §(B)(42).]
AVAQMD Rule 1128 1128-3 

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12 

 Ws - Ww - Wes

 Grams of VOC per Liter of Material = 

Vm

 Where: Ws = weight of volatile compounds, in grams 

 Ww = weight of water, in grams 

 Wes = weight of exempt compounds, in grams 

 Vm = volume of material in liters 

 (14) HAND APPLICATION METHOD is a method of applying a coating to a substrate 

using manually held, non-mechanically operated equipment. Such equipment includes 

paint brushes, hand rollers, caulking guns, trowels, spatulas, syringe daubers, rags, and 

sponges. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(47).]

 (15) HEATING OVEN is a device into which paper, fabric or film is put in order to dry or 

cure the applied coating by applying heat. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(76) definition for Oven.]

 (16) HIGH VOLUME LOW PRESSURE (HVLP) SPRAY is an atomized coating 

application system which is operated between 0.1 and 10 psig air pressure at the air 

cap/tip of the spray gun. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(49) for updated definition.]

 (17) PAPER COATING is any coating applied on or impregnated into paper, including, but 

not limited to, adhesive tapes and labels, book covers, post cards, office copier paper, 

drafting paper, and pressure sensitive tapes. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(81).]

 (18) PLASTISOL is a coating that is a liquid dispersion of small particles of resins and 

plastisizers that are fused to become a plastic. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(82).]

 (19) PLASTISIZER is a material used to keep plastic material soft and viscous. [See Rule 

1130 §(B)(82).]

 (20) ROLL COATER is a type of application equipment in which a series of mechanical 

rollers form a thin coating film on the surface of a roller, which is subsequently applied 

to a substrate by moving the substrate underneath the roller. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(94).]

 (21) TRANSFER EFFICIENCY is the ratio of the weight or volume of coating solids 

adhering to an object to the total weight or volume, respectively, of coating solids used 

in the application process expressed as a percentage. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(107).]

 (22) VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND (VOC) is any volatile chemical compound 

which contains the element carbon excluding methane, carbon monoxide, carbon 

dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, ammonium carbonate, and 

exempt compounds. [See Rule 1130 §(B)(110) for updated definition.]
1128-4 AVAQMD Rule 1128

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12 

 (23) WASH PRIMER is a material used to clean and/or to activate surfaces of paper, fabric, 

or film and may contain no more than five percent, by weight, solid materials. [See Rule 

1130 §(B)(111).]

(c) Requirements

(1) Until January 1, 1994, a person shall not use or apply any coating in any paper, fabric, 

or film coating application process involving the use of heating ovens unless: [This 

subsection deleted. Provisions expired 1/1/94.] 

(A) the coating contains less than 265 grams of VOC per liter of coating, less water, 

and less exempt compounds, as applied, and is applied with a minimum transfer 

efficiency of 95 percent; or 

(B) the VOC emissions are collected and reduced to less than 120 grams per liter of 

coating applied. 

(2) On or after January 1, 1994, a person shall not use or apply any coating in any paper, 

fabric or film coating application process, with or without heating ovens, unless: 

[Section relocated to Rule 1130, §(C)(3)(a).] 

(A) The coating contains less than 265 grams of VOC per liter of coating less water, 

and less exempt compounds, as applied; or 

(B) VOC emissions are collected and reduced by an approved emission control 

system pursuant to subdivisions (d) and (j). 

(3) A person shall not use or apply any plastisol to any paper, fabric, or film substrate 

unless the coating contains less than 20 grams of VOC per liter of coating, less water, 

and less exempt compounds, as applied. [Section relocated to Rule 1130, §(C)(3)(b).]

(4) Until January 1, 1994, a person shall not use wash primer on any paper, fabric, and/or 

film used in any paper, fabric, and/or film coating application process involving the use 

of heating ovens, unless: [This subsection deleted. Provisions expired 1/1/94.]

 (A) the wash primer contains less than 265 grams of VOC per liter of material used, 

or 

 (B) the VOC emissions from the washing operations are collected and reduced to 

less than 120 grams per liter of washing material used. 

 (5) On or after January 1, 1994, a person shall not use wash primer on any paper, fabric, 

and/or film used in any paper, fabric, and/or film coating application process, with or 

without heating ovens, unless: [Section relocated to Rule 1130 §(C)(3)(c).]
AVAQMD Rule 1128 1128-5 

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12 

 (A) The wash primer contains less than 265 grams of VOC per liter of material used, 

or 

 (B) VOC emissions are collected and reduced by an approved emission control 

system, pursuant to subdivisions (d) and (j). 

 (6) Application Methods [This subsection is already represented in Rule 1130 subsection 

(C)(5), except for (H) which has been added as §(C)(5)(h).]

 On or after January 1, 1994, no person shall apply coatings, unless these materials are 

applied with equipment operated according to manufacturer's specifications, and by the 

use of one of the following methods: 

 (A) Flow Coater; 

 (B) Roll Coater; 

 (C) Dip Coater; 

 (D) Foam Coater; 

 (E) Die Coater; 

 (F) Hand Application Methods; 

 (G) High-Volume Low-Pressure (HVLP) spray, only for air-dried coatings; or 

 (H) Such other alternative spray application methods as are demonstrated in 

accordance with the provisions of paragraph (f)(4), to be capable of achieving 

equivalent or better transfer efficiency than the application method listed in 

subparagraph (c)(6)(G), and for which written approval of the Executive Officer 

has been obtained; [See rule 1130 amendment §(C)(5)(h).] 

(7) Containers for organic solvents and mixing tanks for coatings containing organic 

solvents shall be free from leaks and shall be covered except when adding or removing 

materials, cleaning, or when the container is empty. [See Rule 1130 subsection (C)(8) 

for these provisions.] 

(8) A person shall not: [See Rule 1130 subsection (C)(7).]

 (A) use VOC-containing materials for the cleaning of application equipment used in 

paper, fabric, and/or film coating operations, excluding hand wiping, unless: 

 (i) 85 percent of the VOCs are collected and properly disposed of in such a 

way that they are not emitted into the atmosphere; or 

 (ii) the clean-up materials contain 15 percent or less, by weight, VOC. 
1128-6 AVAQMD Rule 1128

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12 

 (B) use other than closed containers for disposal of cloth or paper used for surface 

preparation, clean-up, and the removal of uncured coatings, which are 

impregnated with solvent containing VOC. [See Rule 1130 subsection (C)(8) 

for these provisions.]

 (C) use other than closed containers for disposal of cloth or paper used in stripping 

cured coatings, which are impregnated with solvent containing VOC. [See Rule 

1130 subsection (C)(8) for these provisions.]

(9) Solvent Cleaning Operations: Storage and Disposal of VOC Containing Materials 

 Subparagraphs (c)(8)(A), (c)(8)(B) and hand wipe cleaning of application equipment 

used in paper, fabric, and/or film coating operations shall be superseded by paragraphs 

(c)(1), (c)(2), (c)(4), and (c)(6) of Rule 1171 - Solvent Cleaning Operations, on and 

after July 1, 1992. [See Rule 1130 subsection (C)(7).]

(d) Approved Emission Control System [See Rule 1130 subsection (C)(4)(c).]

 A person may comply with the provisions of paragraph (c)(2), (c)(5) or (c)(6) by using an 

emission control system for reducing VOC emissions consisting of collection and control 

devices, which are approved, in writing, by the Executive Officer and installed in accordance 

with the Compliance Schedule of subdivision (j) and operated subject to the following 

provisions: 

 (1) The emission collection system shall collect at least 90 percent, by weight, of the 

emissions generated by the source of emissions. 

 (2) The control device shall reduce emissions from an emission collection system by at 

least 95 percent, by weight, or the output of the control device is 50 ppm, by volume, 

calculated as carbon, with no dilution. 

(e) Recordkeeping Requirements [See Rule 1130 Section (E).]

 

 Records shall be maintained pursuant to Rule 109. 

 

(f) Compliance Test Methods [See Rule 1130 Section (H).]

 For the purpose of this rule, the following test methods shall be used. 

 (1) The VOC content of materials subject to the provisions of this rule shall be determined 

by: 
AVAQMD Rule 1128 1128-7 

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12 

 (A) The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Reference 

Method 24 (Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density 

Volume Solids, and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings, Code of Federal 

Regulations Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A). The exempt compound's content 

shall be determined by the South Coast Air Quality Management District's 

(SCAQMD) Laboratory Methods of Analysis for Enforcement Samples - 

Section III, Methods 19 and 22; or [See Rule 1130 §(H)(3).] 

 (B) SCAQMD's Laboratory Methods of Analysis for Enforcement Samples - 

Section III, Methods 16, 17, 19, 22, and 24. [See Rule 1130 §(H)(1).]

 VOC emissions determined to exceed any limits established by this rule through the use 

of the above-referenced sets of test methods shall consititute a violation of the rule. [See 

Rule 1130§(H)(10).] 

 (2) The capture efficiency of the emissions collection system shall be determined by the 

USEPA method cited in 55 FR (Federal Register) 26865, June 29, 1990. [See Rule 1130 

§(H)(8) for updated test method.] 

 (3) The efficiency of the control device and the VOC content measured and calculated as 

carbon in the control device exhaust gases shall be determined by USEPA's Test 

Method 18, or Air Resources Board (ARB) Method 422 for the determination of 

emissions of Exempt Compounds and USEPA's Test Methods 25, 25A, or SCAQMD's 

Method 25.1 (Determination of Total Gaseous Non-Methane Organic Emissions as 

Carbon) for the determination of total organic compound emissions. Emissions 

determined to exceed any limits established by this rule through the use of any of the 

above-referenced test methods shall constitute a violation of the rule. [See Rule 1130 

§(H)(8)(b).] 

 (4) The transfer efficiency of alternative coating application methods shall be determined in 

accordance with SCAQMD method "Spray Equipment Transfer Efficiency Test 

Procedure for Equipment User, May 24, 1989." [See Rule 1130 § (H)(7).] 

 The following classes of compounds: cyclic branched, or linear, completely fluorinated 

alkanes; cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations; cyclic, 

branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturations; and sulfurcontained perfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with sulfur bonds only to carbon and 

fluorine, will be analyzed as exempt compounds for compliance with subdivision (c), only at 

such time as manufacturers specify which individual compounds are used in the coating 

formulations and identify the test methods, which, prior to such analysis, have been approved 

by the USEPA and the SCAQMD, that can be used to quantify the amounts of each exempt 

compound. [See Rule 1130 §(H)(3).] 

(g) Rule 442 Applicability
1128-8 AVAQMD Rule 1128

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12 

 Any coating, coating operation, or facility which is exempt from all or a portion of this rule, 

shall comply with the provisions of Rule 442. [See Rule 1130 §(F).] 

(h) Alternative Emission Control Plan [See Rule 1130 §(C)(6).] 

 An owner/operator may comply with subparagraph (c)(1)(A) or (c)(2)(A) by means of an 

Alternative Emission Control Plan pursuant to Rule 108. 

(i) Exemptions 

 (1) Until January 1, 1994, the provisions of subdivision (c) shall not apply to any coating 

application facility which applies less than two gallons of coatings per day. [This 

provision has expired and has not been incorporated in amended Rule 1130.] 

 (2) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to aerosol coating products. [See Rule 1130 

§(I)(3)(t).] 

 (3) The provisions of subparagraph (c)(6) shall not apply to the application of materials that 

contain less than 20 g/L of VOC per liter of material. [Incorporated into amended Rule 

1130 §(I)(2)(a).] 

 (4) The provisions of subdivision (c) shall not apply to laboratories which apply less than 

two (2) gallons per day of coatings to test specimens for purposes of testing for 

production-related operations, research, development, and quality control. 

[Incorporated into amended Rule 1130 §(I)(2)(b).]

 (5) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to the application of coatings to fine arts 

paintings, or to scenic or theatrical backgrounds for motion pictures, television, and 

theater. [See Rule 1130 § (I)(3)(j). Additional provisions have been incorporated for 

consistency.] 

 (6) The provisions of subdivision (c) shall not apply to laboratories located at facilities that 

manufacture reinforced plastic, structural materials, which apply no more than three (3) 

gallons per day of coatings to test specimens for either testing production-related 

operations, research, development, or quality control. [Incorporated into amended Rule 

1130 §(I)(2)(c).]

(j) Compliance Schedule [Compliance dates for this section are past and should have been 

achieved. This Section has not been incorporated in amended Rule 1130.] 

 Persons complying with the provisions of subdivision (d) shall comply with the following 

increments of progress to achieve compliance: 
AVAQMD Rule 1128 1128-9 

Paper, Fabric, And Film Coating Operations D1: 12/18/12 

 (1) By July 1, 1992, submit required applications for permits to construct and operate, to 

achieve compliance with paragraphs (c)(2), (c)(5), or (c)(6). 

 (2) By January 1, 1994, demonstrate compliance with paragraphs (c)(2), (c)(5), or (c)(6). 

[SIP: Submitted as amended 3/8/96 on 7/23/96; Approved 12/20/93, 58 FR 66287, 40 CFR 

52.220(c)(189)(I)(A)(3); Approved 11/16/83, 48 FR 52054, 40 CFR 52.220(c)(125)(ii)(D); Approved 

1/21/81, 46 FR 5965, 40 CFR 52.220(c)(58)(ii)(A)]