P. 1


# OAR Box 1338 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 2 ) 11-1- 2 Docket Number: 

# A-89-1 0

Printed 6/17/20081:48:05PM

Sheet 2 of 105P. 2 

# 2 0 th*** * 'Anniversary 

# RADIA N CORPORATIO N DC N 89-259-039-0 3 RC N 259-039-05-0 1 

# A-89-1 0

II-I- 2 P.O
. Box 20108 8 Austin , TX 78720-108 8 (5121454-479 7

FUGITIV E EMISSION S FRO M TH E 1,3-BUTADIEN E PRODUCTIO

N INDUSTRY : A FIEL D STUD

Y FINuA L REPOR

T " * V i, , I . 1 1

Prepare dfor : Th e 1,3-Butadien e Pane l o f t h e Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n

Prepare d by : Joh n L . Randal l Graha mE . Harri s Sharo n L
. Wevil l Radian Corporatio n Austin , Texa s

Apri l 198 9P. 3

TABL E O F CONTENT S
ag e
1. 0 EXECUTIV

E SUMMAR

Y1- 1
2. 0 INTRODUCTIO N AN D OVERVIE

W 2- 1 2. 1 Definitio

n o f Fugitiv

e Emission s 2- 1 2. 2 Critica l Studie s o f Fugitiv e Emission s 2- 2 2. 3 Previou s an

d Impendin

g Concer

n Wit hFugitiv

e Emission s 2- 4
3. 0 1,3-BUTADIEN E PRODUCTIO

N AN D US E 3- 1 3. 1 Propertie s o f 1,3-Butadiene : Th e Chemica l 3- 1 3 . 2 Overvie

w o f Productio

n an d Us e 3- 2 3. 3 Productio

n an d Us e 3- 6
4. 0 MONITORIN G APPROACH 4- 1 4. 1 Overvie

w o f Method s Used t

o Estimat e Fugitiv

e Emission s 4- 1 4.1. 1 SOCM I Average Emissio n Factor 4- 3 4.1. 2 Screenin

g Tes t 4- 3 4.1. 3 Leak/N

o Lea k Metho d 4- 5 4.1. 4 Stratified Method 4- 5 4.1. 5 Correlatio

n Equation s 4- 6 4.1. 6 Baggin

g 4- 7 4.1. 7 Curren t Stud y 4- 9 4. 2 Screenin

g Technique s 4-1 0 4. 3 Calibratio

n 4-1 2 4. 4 Screenin

g Protoco l 4-1 2 4. 5 B D Workbook 4-1 4 4.5. 1 1,3-Butadien e Screenin

g Surve y Repor t Form... . 4-1 4 4.5. 2 Calibratio

n Dat a Shee t fo

r 1,3-Butadien

e Screenin

g 4-1 8 4.5. 3 Drif t Tes t Dat a Shee t fo r 1,3-Butadien

e Screenin

g 4-1 8 4. 6 Quality

Contro l Result s 4-2 1

i iP. 4

TABL E OF CONTENT S (Continued )

5. 0 DAT

A ANALYSI S 5- 1 5. 1 Convertin

g Ra w OV A Value s t

o BD-Specifi c Emissio n Estimate s 5- 1 5.1. 1 Theor

y 5- 1 5.1. 2 Practica l Example s 5- 4
5. 2 Summar

y o f Component s Studie d 5- 8 5. 3 Emission s B

y Componen t Typ

e an d Servic e Categor

y 5-2 1 5.3. 1 Valve s in Liqui d Servic e 5-2 1 5.3.1. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-2 5 5.3.1. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-2 5 5.3.1. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analysi s 5-2 9 5.3.1. 4 Summar

y 5-2 9 5.3. 2 Valve s in Ga s Servic e 5-2 9 5.3.2. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-3 1 5.3.2. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-3 1 5.3.2. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyses.. . 5-3 1 5.3.2. 4 Summar

y 5-3 6 5.3. 3 Flange s 5-3 6 5.3.3. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-3 7 5.3.3. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-3 7 5.3.3. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s 5-3 7 5.3.3. 4 Summary... . 5-4 2 5.3. 4 Open-Ended Line s 5-4 2 5.3.4. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-4 2 5.3.4. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-4 5 5.3.4. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s 5-4 5 5.3.4. 4 Summar

y 5-4 5 5.3. 5 Pumps 5-4 8 5.3.5. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-4 8 5.3.5. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-4 8 5.3.5. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s 5-5 2 5.3.5. 4 Summar

y 5-5 2 5.3. 6 Safet

y Valve s 5-5 2 5.3.6. 1 Screenin

g Measurement s 5-5 4 5.3.6. 2 Emissio

n Estimate s 5-5 4 5.3.6. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s 5-5 4 5.3.6. 4 Summar

y 5-5 9

i nP. 5



### 6. 0

7. 0 TABL E OF CONTENT S (Continued ) Pag e 5.3. 7 Sampl e Point s 5-5 9 5.3. 8 Compressor s 5-6 4 5. 4 Baggin

g Stud y 5-6 4

BUTADIEN

E WOR KPRACTICES , OPERATIN G PROCEDURES , AN

D DESIG N GUIDELINES : RESULT S OF A 1,3-BUTADIEN

E PANEL SURVE

Y6- 1
REFERENCE S 7- 1

APPENDI X1 APPENDI X2 APPENDI X3 APPENDI X4 APPENDI X5 EP

A METHO D 2 1 1,3-BUTADIEN

E FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N MONITORIN

G PROTOCOL INDIVIDUA

L PLAN T SUMMAR

YDAT A TABLE S BAGGIN G STUD YDAT A BUTADIEN

E FUGITIV

E EMISSIO

N SURVE Y

I VP. 6

LIS T OF TABLE S Pag e -1-1 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Al l Component s Studied : 1,3-Butadien e Productio

nPlant Stud

y 1- 3 1- 2 ReductioninEmissio nFactor s fo

r Component s inBD Servic e 1- 4 1- 3 Compariso no f Lea

k Frequencies : B

d Pane l Stud

y v s SOCM I 24-Uni t Stud

y 1- 5 1- 4 Estimated 1,3-Butadien e Productio

nPlant Equipmen t Lea k Emission s 1-1 1 3- 1 Majo r U.S . Butadien e Use s (1986 ) 3- 4 3- 2 1,3-Butadien e Finishe

d Produc t Plant s an d Nameplat e Capacitie s in1986 . 3- 7 4- 1 EP

A Emissio

nFactor s inlb/hr/sourc e 4- 5 4- 2 Fugitiv

e Emissio

nCorrelatio

nEquation s 4- 7 4- 3 Summar

y o f Calibratio

nan d Drif t Tes t Result s 4-2 1 5- 1 Organi c Solvent s an d Respons e Factor s 5- 3 5- 2 Summar

y Distributio

no f Al l Component s b y Plant 5- 9 5- 3 Distributio n o f Component s b

y BD Concentratio

n5-1 1 5- 4 Distributio n o f Ra w OV A Scree nValue s b

y B D Concentration . 5-1 2 5- 5 Distributio no f Component s b

y Ra w OV A Scree nValue fo

r al l Participatin

g Plant s Al l Component s an d Al l B D Concentratio

n5-1 3 5- 6 1,3-Butadien e Fugitiv

e Emissio

nSurve y Summar y Repor t fo

r Al l Plants : Compariso no f MeanEmissio

nFactor s fo

r Al l Calculatio

nMetnod s 5-1 6 5- 7 Summar

y o f Estimate

d 1,3-Butadien

e Fugitiv

e Emission s fo

r Al l Participatin

g Plants : Emissio

nEstimate s fo

r Al l Component s 5-1 8 5- 8 Compariso no f OV A Screenin

g Value s Fro

m th e B D Pane l Stud

y Wit hThos e Estimate d fro m SOCMI Factor s 5-2 0 5- 9 Summar

y o f Estimate

d 1,3-Butadien

e Fugitiv

e Emissio

nfo r Al l Participatin

g Plants : Emissio

nEstimate s fo

r Component s Wit hBD Concentration s Between5X an d 30X5-2 2 5-1 0 Summar

y o f Estimate

d 1,3-Butadien

e Fugitiv

e Emission s fo

r Al l Plants : Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Component s Wit hB D Concentration s Between 30 2 an d 90 Z 5-2 3

vP. 7



### ag e LIS T O F TABLE S (Continued )

5-1 1 Summar

y o f Estimated 1,3-Butadien e Fugitiv

e Emission s fo

r Al l Plants : Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Component s Wit hB D Concentration s Between90Xan d 100 X5-2 4 5-1 2 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y B D Concentratio

nfo r Valve s inLiqui d Servic e 5-2 6 5-1 3 Distributio no f Emission s b

y Butadien

e Concentratio

nfo r Al l Plants : Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Valve s inLiqui d Servic e 5-2 8 5-1 4 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Valve s inLiqui d Servic e fo r Eac hPlant 5-3 0 5-1 5 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y BD Concentratio

n fo r Valve s inGa s Servic e 5-3 2 5-1 6 Distributio no f Emission s b

y Butadien

e Concentratio

nfo r Ai l Plants : Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Valv e inGa s Service.. . 5-3 4 5-1 7 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Valve s inGa s Servic e fo r Eac hPlant . 5-3 5 5-1 8 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y B D Concentratio

nfo r Flange s 5-3 8 5-1 9 Distributio n o f Emission s b

y Butadien

e Concentratio

nfo r Al l Plants : Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Flange s 5-4 0 5-2 0 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Flange s fo

r Eac hPlant 5-4 1 5-2 1 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y B D Concentratio

n Fo r Open-Ended Line s 5-4 3 5-2 2 Distributio no f Emission s b

y Butadiene Concentratio nfo r Al l Participatin

g Plants : Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Open-Ended Line s 5-4 6 5-2 3 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Open-Ended Line s fo r Eac hPlant 5-4 7 5-2 4 Distributio n o f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y B D Concentratio

nfo r Pump s 5-4 9 5-2 5 Distributio no f Emission s b

y Butadiene Concentratio nfo r Al l Plants : Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Pump s 5-5 1 5-2 6 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Pump s fo

r Eac hPlant 5-5 3 5-2 7 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y B D Concentrationfo

r Safet y Valve s 5-5 5



### v iP. 8

LIS T O F TABLE S (Continued ) Pag e 5-2 8 Distributio no f Emission s b

y Butadien

e Concentratio

nfo r Al l Plants : Emissio nEstimate s for Safety Valve s 5-5 7 5-2 9 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Safet y Valve s fo

r Eac hPlant 5-5 8 5-3 0 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y B D Concentratio

nfo r Sampl e Point s 5-6 0 5-3 1 Distributio no f Emission s b

y Butadien

e Concentratio

nfo r Al l Plants : Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Sampl e Point s 5-6 2 5-3 2 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Sampl e Point s fo

r Eac hPlant 5-6 3 5-3 3 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s b

y B D Concentratio

nfo r Compressor s 5-6 5 5-3 4 Distributio no f Emissio

nb y Butadien

e Concentratio

nfo r Al l Plants : Emissio

nEstimate s fo

r Compressor s 5-6 7 5-3 5 Emissio

nFactor s fo

r Compressor s fo

r Eac hPlant 5-6 8 5-3 6 Summar

y o f Butadien

e Defaul t Zero Baggin g Stud y Results.. . 5-7 3



### v nP. 9

LIS T OF FIGURE S Pag g 1- 1 Compariso no f Leak Frequencie s o f Sourc e Categorie s at Butadiene Productio nFacilitie s 1- 6 1- 2 Distributio n o f Component s b

y OV A Screenin

g Value 1- 8 1- 3 Percen t Contributio no f Sourc e Categorie s t o Tota l B

D Emission s 1- 9 1- 4 Distributio no f BD Emission s an d Component s b

y B D Compositio

n1-1 0 3- 1 Productio nan d En d Use s o f Butadiene 3- 3 4- 1 Overvie

w o f Fugitiv

e Emissio

nEstimatio

n4- 2 4- 2 Exampl e Screenin g Dat a Repor t For

m 4-1 5 4- 3 Exampl e Calibratio nReportin

g For m 4-1 8 4- 4 Exampl e Drif t Tes t Repor t For m 4-2 0 5- 1 Distributio n o f Selecte

d Component s b

y Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value 5-1 4 5- 2 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Valve s inLiqui d Servic e 5-2 7 5- 3 Distributio n o f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Valve s i nGa s Servic e 5-3 2 5- 4 Distributio n o f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Flange s 5-3 8 5- 5 Distributio n o f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Open-Ended Line s 5-4 4 5- 6 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Pump s 5-5 0 5- 7 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Safet y Valve s 5-5 5 5- 8 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Sampl e Point s 5-6 1 5- 9 Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Compressor s 5-6 5 5-1 0 Screenin

g t o Leak Rat e Correlatio nExamination : Valve s in Liqui d Servic e inButadien e Plant s 5-6 9 5-1 1 Screenin

g t o Leak Rat e Correlatio nExamination : Flange s in Butadien

e Plant s 5-7 0

v mP.1 0

GLOSSAR Y


### CM A Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n
Correlatio

nEquatio

n Th e equatio

nneede d t o conver t screenin

g value s t

o mas s emissio

nfactors : developed b y EP A fro m fiel d dat a obtaine

d durin g variou s fugitiv

e emissio

n studies . Defaul t Zer

o Emissio

n Factor Defaul t Zero Screenin

g Value
EP A Emissio nFactor Th e emissio

nfactor associate

d wit ha zero screenin g value . Th e screenin

g value bac k calculated fro m th e zero emissio nfactor defaul t usin g th e appropriat e correlatio

nequation . United State s Environmenta l Protectio nAgency Th e per component mas s emissio nrat e applicabl e t o population s o f sources , no t individua l componen t measurements . Heav y Liqui d Hig hEmitter s
Lea k Definitio

n

Leak Rat e A proces s liqui d wit ha vapo r pressur e < 0.0 4 psi a a t 20 ° C . Component s wit hscreenin g value s between1,00 0 an d .9,99 9 ppm . Th e monitorin

g instrument readin g selecte

d a s th e trigger value fo

r beginnin

g som e action , suc

ha s maintenance ; e.g. , 10,00 0 ppm v i s th e lea k definitio

n used b y EPA . See mas s emission s rate . Leakin g Emissio

n Factor Th e pe r component mas s emissio nrat e associated with th e populatio

no f source s wit hscreenin g value s a

t o r abov e th e lea k definition . Leakin g Sourc e Light Liqui d A sourc e whos e screenin g value i s greate r tha no r equa l t o 10,00 0 ppmv . A proces s liqui d wit ha vapo r pressur e >0.0 4 psi a at 20°C . Lo w Emitter s
Mas s Emission s Rat e Component s wit hscreenin g value s between10 0 an d 99 9 ppm . Th e quantity

o f volatil e organi c compound(s ) release d t o th e atmospher e i

nterm s o f tota l mas s per uni t time .

I XP.1 1

Monitorin

g Instrumen t
Non-emittin

g Sourc e Non-Leaker s Screenin

g Value
SOCM I
SOCM I Factor s
Ver y Lo w Emitter s Weighted Averag e Portabl e hydrocarbonanalyze r meetin g th e performanc e specification s giveninMetho d 21 . A sourc e whos e screenin g value i s les s tha n1 0 ppm . Component s wit hscreenin g value s les s tha

n1 0 ppm . Monitorin

g instrument readin g generall y

givenin concentratio

nunits ; e.g. , ppmv . Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturin g Industries . Fugitiv e emissio

nfactor s developed b y EP A fo r SOCM I in1983 . Component s wit hscreenin g value s between1 0 an d 9 9 ppm . Th e value fo

r eac hbutadiene range "weighted " b y th e number o f component s intha t range . Th e tota l numbe r o f component s inth e screenin

g value range expressed a s a percentag e o f th e tota l numbe r o f component s in al l ranges .P.1 2

1. 0 EXECUTIV

E SUMMAR

Y
Thi s repor t present s the result s o f a stud yconducte d b

ymember s o f the Butadien e Specia l Progra mPane l o f the Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n (B D Panel ) i n cooperatio n wit h the U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y(EPA ) t o evaluat e the emission s resulting fro mequipmen t leak s i n th e 1,3-butadien e (BD ) productio n industry .

Th e stud

ywa s initiate d t o addres s tw o need s o f th e industry . Th e firs t wa s t o provid e bette r estimate s o f ai r emission s o f butadien e fo r reporting unde r th e Superfun d Amendment s an

d Reauthorizatio n Ac t (SARA) , Titl e III . Th e secon

d wa s t o respon

d t o EPA' s notic e o f inten t t o lis t 1,3

- butadien e a s a hazardou s ai r pollutan t unde r Sectio n 11 2 o f th e Clean Ai r Act . I n it s initia l evaluatio n o f the B D productio n industry , EP Aconclude d tha t emission s o f B D ma

ycaus e a significan t ris k t o th e publi c health . Th e emission s wer e attribute d almos t exclusivel yt o equipmen t leak s tha t wer e estimate d using EPA' s averag e SOCM I emissio n factors . EP Ahad establishe d thes e factor s afte r studying equipmen t leak s fro mpetroleu

mrefinerie s an

d chemica l plant s i n the lat e 1970s . Th e factor s ar e specifi c t o eac h typ e o f component , suc h a s valve s an d pumps .
Th e B D Panel , a s wel l a s man yothe r industr

yorganizations , ha s long believe d tha t the us e o f averag e SOCM I factor s i s no t appropriat e fo r estimating chemica l leak s fro mequipmen t fo r specifi c proces s units . EP Aals o recognize d th

e nee d t o develop mor e specifi c equipmen t lea k information , an d the yprepare d a draf t protoco l (se e Appendi x 2 ) tha t coul d b e use d t o estimat e the emission s o f a specifi c chemica l resulting fro mequipmen t leak s in a specifi c proces s unit . Workin g wit h thi s draf t protocol , th e B D Pane l worke d wit h EP At o establis h a procedur e t o conduc t the studie s tha t ar e th e subjec t o f thi s report . Th e B D Pane l contracte d Radia n Corporatio n t o develo p the testing procedures , overse e the testing effor t conducte d b ymembe r companies , analyz e th e data , an d generat e th e fina l report . Thirtee n B D productio n facilities , including nin e o f the eleve n finishe d B D producing facilitie s i n th e Unite d States , bega n th e stud yi n Marc h 1988 .

1- 1P.1 3

Result s

Dat a wer e receive d onove r 44,00 0 individua l component s fro m th e 1 3 participants . Th e dat a covere d essentiall y 100 % o f the components , excep t fo r flanges . Abou t 24 % o f al l flange s were screened . A detaile d analysi s o f th e dat a appear s i nSectio n5 .

One purpos e o f th e stud y wa s t o addres s the issu e o f the validit y o f the SOCM I lea k rat e correlation s whe nscreenin g value s wer e below 8.1 7 ppm . Thi s wa s don e b

y "bagging " source s screene d a t "zero " t o determin e a nactua l lea k rate . Sufficien t dat a wer e gathere d t o establis hne w lowe r limi t o f detectio n(LLD ) screenin g values . N o singl e LL D o r defaul t zer o valu e coul d adequatel y

describ e al l o f the sources . Therefore , new defaul t zer o value s wer e establishe d fo r eac ho f th e fou r correlatio ncurve s previousl y develope d b y EPA . Th e ne w

defaul t zer o value s wer e use d t o develo p the B D Pane l emissio nfactor s show ni nthi s report .
Table 1- 1 summarize s th e averag e emissio nfactor s develope d b y the BD Pane l stud

y fo r eac htyp e o f componen t an d compare s the

m t o the averag e SOCM I factor s previousl y develope d b

y EP A fo r tota l VO C emission s an d t o thos e factor s correcte d fo r actua l averag e B D compositio ni nthe componen t (weighte d SOCMI) . Th e B D Pane l Facto r value s represen t the averag e butadien e specifi c emssio n facto r (rate ) fo r the averag e concentratio no f butadien e fo r eac h componen t shown . Whil e the result s i nSectio n5 presen t dat a fo r "Sampl e Points, " th

e presen t stud

y di d no t attemp t t o asses s the emission s tha t resul t fro m takin g a sample . (Thi s i s the basi s fo r EPA' s averag e SOCM I facto r fo r thes e components. ) Th e sampl e poin t categor y inth e presen t stud

y wa s considere d a subse t o f the broa d categor y o f open-ende d lines , an d the result s hav e bee ncombine d i nTabl e 1-1 .

1- 2P.1 4

TABL E 1-1 . EMISSIO N FACTORS FORAL L COMPONENTS STUDIED : 1,3-BUTADIEN E PRODUCTIO N PLAN T STUD Y

Componen t
Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet yValv e Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r Numbe r o f Component s
2323 3 631 5 

### 42 8 37 6 178 4 1142 8 

### 1 7 Mea n B D

Cone . (% )
59. 7 60. 2 56. 7 64. 1 67. 9 61. 0 27. 9 Mea n

Averag e SOCM I
.0156 0 .0123 0 .229 1 .108 9 .00370 0 .00183 0 .5022 0 Emissio n Fac t

(lb/hr/source ) Weighte d SOCM I
.00931 4 .00739 9 .130 0 .0698 5 .00251 4 .00111 6 .140 3 

### ors

BD Pane l Facto r
.00314 0

. .00110 5 .0299 6 .0563 4 .00012 0 .00030 7 .00000 4

SOURCE : B D PuANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

1- 3P.1 5

A s show n i n Tabl e 1-2 , th e presen t stud ydemonstrate d that , wit h the exceptio n o f pumps , averag e emissio n factor s range d fro m73 % t o 99+ % lowe r tha n wha t woul d b e expecte d using EPA' s weighte d SOCM I factor-approach . Th e emissio n facto r reductio n fo r pump s wa s 19% . Th e primar yreaso n fo r thi s reductio n i s tha t the percentag e o f leaking source s (defined a s a screening valu e o f >10,00 0 ppm ) wa s significantl ylowe r than see n i n previou s EP A studies . Tabl e 1- 3 an d Figur e 1- 1 compar e the lea k frequencie s foun d in thi s stud ywit h thos e use d b yEP Ain developing it s averag e SOCM I lea k factors . A s can b e seen,.th e reductio n i n lea k frequenc yrange d fro ma low o f 12 % fo r pump s t o a high o f 99.9+ % fo r compressors . Th e averag e lea k frequenc ywa s 1.8 % fo r th e nearl y44,00 0 component s studied .

Whil e the low percentag e o f leaking component s account s fo r a significan t portio n o f the reductio n whe n compare d wit h the averag e SOCM I factors , anothe r contributing facto r i s lowe r emissio n rate s fo r al l components . Ove r 75 % o f the component s studie d had OV Ascreening value s o f <1 0 ppm . Figur e 1- 2 show s the distributio n o f screening value s foun d i n thi s study . Analysi s o f th e dat a show s tha t th e majo r source s o f equipmen t emission s ar e liqui d valve s (57% ) an d pump s (16%) . Open-ende d line s an d compressor s ar e insignifican t source s (les s tha n 0.2% ) o f th e tota l B D emissions . Th e remaining equipmen t leak emission s ar e distribute d roughl y equall yamong the remaining components . Figur e 1- 3 graphicall ycompare s the percentag e o f tota l B D emission s attributabl e t o eac h componen t category .

A s woul d b e expected , B D emission s increas e a s the B D compositio n bein g handle d b

yth e componen t increases . Figur e 1- 4 display s the distributio n o f B D emission s i n thre e compositio n ranges : 5%-30 % BD , 30%-90 % BD , an d >90 % BD . Als o show n i s the distributio n o f the studie d component s i n thes e sam

e concentratio n ranges . Fo r example , whil e ove r 20 % o f th e component s studie d handle d stream s containing 5%-30 % BD , les s tha n 4 % o f the tota l B D emission s ar e attribute d t o thos e components .

1- 4P.1 6

TABL E 1-2 . REDUCTIONINEMISSIONFACTOR S FO R COMPONENT S INB D SERVIC E

Componen t Typ e Weighte d SOCM I Emissio n Facto r (lb/hr/source ) B D Pane l Stud y Emissio n Factor 3 (lb/hr/source ) Reduction " (% )
Valv e i n Liqui d Servic e Valv e i n Ga s Servic e Flang e Open-ende dLin e Pum p Safet y Valv e Compresso r 0.00931 4 0.00739 9 0.00111 6 0.00251 4 0.06985 2 0.130 0 0.14032 1 0.00314 0 0.00110 5 0.00030 7 0.00012 0 0.0563 4 0.0299 6 0.00000 4 66. 3 85. 1 72. 5 95. 2 19. 3 76. 9 99.9 +

a SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988
. deductio n (% ) calculate dfro m[1-(B D Pane l Value/SOCM I Value) ] x 100
.

1- 5P.1 7

TABL E 1-3
. COMPARISO

N O FLEA K FREQUENCIES : B

D PANE L STUD Y VS
. SOCM

I 24-UNI T STUDY 3
Componen t
Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Point 0 Pum p Open-ende dLin e Flang e Compresso r B D Pane l St u (% )
2.3 5 1.7 4 1.4 0 5.0 0 7.7 1 0.6 3 0.1 1 0.0 0 idy 3 SOCM I 24-Unit b (% )
6. 5 11. 4 3. 6 3. 9 8. 8 3. 9 2. 1 9. 1 Reductio n (% )
63. 8

. 84. 7 61. 1 -28. 2 12. 4 83. 8 94. 8 99.9 +

aSOURCE : B

D PANE LFUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988
. b Source : Referenc e 8
.
c Sampl e point s ar e considere da s open-ende dlines
.

1- 6

## n a SOCM I STUDY ^ BD/CM ASTUD Y PE R CEN T LEAKER S 1 1. 4 

# z 0
8
6
4
2 -

- BD/OM A STUD Y REPOR T

LI Q VALVE S GA S

VALVE S PUMP S SAFET Y VALVE S OPEN-EN D

LINE S FLANGE S COMPRE S

Figur e 1-1 . Compariso n o f Lea kFrequencie s Butadien e Productio n Facilitie s SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .P.1 9



### >10,00 0 pp m 100 0 - 999 9 pp m 10 0 - 99 9 pp m 1 0 - 9 9 pp m < 1 0 pp m LEGEN D

BO/OM * J'UO V BCPOR T

Figur e 1-2 . Distributio n o f Component s b yOV AScreenin g Value .
SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 . 

### 1- 8P.2 0



## 0- E LINE S 0.2

% S/VALVE S 1 0


## G/VALVE S 5.n /
FLANGE S u.3

% PUMP S 16.4 %

L/VALVE S 56.7

%

Figur e 1-3 . Percen t Contributio n o f Sourc e Categorie s t o Tota l B D Emissions ,
SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 , 

### 1- 9

### PERCEN T O F TOTA L

i o 

## 6 0

5 0 4 0 h 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 

# m a

5-3 0 

## 3 0 - 9 0 COMPOSITIO N %B D 

# 9 0 - 

# 10 0

Figur e 1-4 . Distributio n o f BD Emission s an d Component s b

yB D Composition .
SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

h oP.2 2

Tabl e 1- 4 show s the tota l annua l B D emission s estimate d using the B D Pane l emissio n factor s develope d b ythi s stud

y(se e Tabl e 1-1) , th e equipmen t coun t a t eac h o f th e participatin g facilitie s an d th e averag e B D concentratio n fo r eac h componen t fo r eac h plan t (se e Table s i n Appendi x 3) . Sinc e onl ya sampling o f flange s wa s tested , a scale-u p facto r fo r flange s o f 1. 6 pe r valv e wa s applie d t o estimat e flang e emission s excep t fo r plant s 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 , an d 1 3 wher e actua l flang e count s wer e used . Thi s scale-u p facto r i s the sam e a s use d b yEPAi n it s origina l studie s (1) . Also , a n annua l strea mfacto r o f 95 % wa s used fo r eac h facility . In Tabl e 1-4 , th e colum n title d "Averag e SOCMI " represent s th

e tota l emission s o f VO C usin g th e averag e SOCM I factor s develope d b

yEPA . Th e colum

n title d "Weighte d SOCMI " represent s the B D emission s estimate d b ycorrecting th

e averag e SOCM I fo r the actua l concentratio n o f B D bein g handle d b yeac h componen t i n th e facility . Th e B D Pane l estimat e represent s the B D emission s estimate d usin g the averag e emissio n factor s develope d i n the presen t stud y(Tabl e 1-1) . Tabl e 1- 4 separate s crud e B D producer s fro mthos e producing finishe d (purified ) BD .
Th e B D Fugitiv e Emission s Pane l conducte d a questionnair e surve yo f industr ywor k practices , operatin g procedures , an d desig n guideline s in a

n attemp t t o explai n the lo w fugitiv e emission s measure d i n the curren t study . Th e plant s responding t o the questionnair e represen t 46 % o f the 1,3-Butadien e plant s in the U.S . an d see mt o b e generall yawar e o f the improve d technolog y an d method s avialabl e fo r minimizin g an d respondin g t o leak s o f thi s chem'ical . Som e o f th e plant s seeme d mor e awar e tha n other s o f the technique s an d improve d equipmen t available , bu t the discrepanc ydi d no t see mwide . Thes e result s ar e disucsse d in greate r detai l i n Sectio n 6 . Acop yo f the questionnair e appear s i n Appendi x 5 .

1-1 1P.2 3

TABL E 1-4 . ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIEN E PRODUCTIO

NPLAN T EQUIPMEN

T LEA K EMISSION S

Plan t Locatio n Averag e SOCM I Averag e B D (Tota l VOC ) Concentratio n Tons/Y r (% ) Weighte d Pane l SOCM I Factor s (BD ) (BD ) Tons/Y r Tons/Y r
Finishe d Producer s Shel l Chemica l Dee r Park , TX Cai n Chemica l Chocolat e Bayou , TX Cai n Chemica l Corpu s Christi , TX Mobi l Chemica l Beaumont , T X Exxo n Chemica l Baytown , T X Exxo n Chemica l Bato n Rouge , L A Amoc o Chocolat e Bayou , T X Lyondel l (ARCO ) Channelview , T X Texac o Chemica l Por t Neches , T X 

### 19 1 13 8 5 9 7 8 

### 15 9
a 

### 29 2 37 7 1,16 5 

### 5 4

4 9 7 0 6 3 6 1
a 

### 7 0 6 8 6 1 

### 10 8

6 2 4 1 5 4 9 8
a 

### 20 8 25 7 71 7 3 6

2 1 1 2 2 1 2 9

7 1 8 9 

### 21 7

Unio n Carbid e Seadrift , T X Unio n Carbid e Taft , L A Unio n Carbid e Texa s City , T X Dow Chemica l Freeport , T X Crud e C )nl yProducer s 

### 24 9 3 6 4 7 

### a 2 8

3 3 4 3
a 

### 7 2

1 0 2 0 

### a 2 1



### 4 7

3 Insufficien t dat a t o estimat e tota l emissions . Dat a use d onl yt o estimat e individua l componen t leaks .
SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R 1988 .

1-1 2P.2 4

Method s Use d

Dat a wer e receive d fro ma tota l o f 44,01 3 individua l component s fro m 1 3 butadien e productio n facilities . Estimate s o f fugitiv e emission s wer e then calculate d using th e following si x methods :

• SOCM I Averag e Emission s Factors ;

• Weighte d SOCM I Emissio n Factors ;

• SOCM I Leak/N o Lea k Emissio n Factors ;

• SOCM I Stratifie d Emissio n Factors ;

• Correlatio n Equation s (EPA' s 8.1 7 pp mdefaul t valu e an

d B D Pane l defaul t value) ; an d

• Baggin g Tests.Seve n type s o f component s wer e include d i n the study . Valve s wer e divide d int o thos e i n liqui d servic e an d thos e i n ga s service . Th e othe r component s wer e flanges , open ende d lines , pumps , safetyvalves , sampl e points , an d compressors . Conclusion s
Dat a fro

mth e presen t stud

ysho w that , fo r the plant s studied , overal l B D emission s attributabl e t o equipmen t leak s ar e 81 % lowe r tha n thos e estimate d using EPA' s averag e facto r approach .

1-1 3P.2 5

Sinc e th e dat a develope d b ythe presen t stud

yrepresen t ove r 80 % o f th e finishe d B D productio n facilitie s ( 9 ou t o f 1 1 facilities ) in the Unite d States , covering abou t 44,00 0 individua l components , th e emissio n factor s an d tota l facilit yemission s ar e th e mos t curren t an

d accurat e availabl e data . Us e o f thi s informatio n t o estimat e potentia l populatio n exposur e wil l resul t i n a mor e realisti c evaluatio n o f the nee d t o regulat e 1,3-butadien e unde r Sectio n 11 2 o f th e Clean Ai r Act .

1-1 4P.2 6

2. 0 INTRODUCTIO NAN D OVERVIE W
Thi s documen t summarize s the result s o f fugitiv e emission s testing conducte d b

ymember s o f th e 1,3-Butadien e Pane l o f th e Chemica l Manufacturer s Associatio n (CMA ) i n cooperatio n wit h the Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) . Th e testing wa s according t o a protoco l agree d t o b yal l group s (se e Appendi x 2) . Radian Corporatio n wa s contracte d b ythe Butadien e Pane l t o overse e th

e testing effort , analyz e the data , an d generat e thi s industry-wid e fina l summar

yreport .
2. 1 Definitio n o f Fugitiv e Emission s

I n thi s report , the ter mfugitiv e emission s means , specifically , leak s o f butadien e (BD ) fro mproces s equipment , including :

• Pum

p seals ;

• Compresso r

seals ;

• Valves ;

• Connection s (flanges , threade d fittings , unions , an d an yothe r pipe-to-pip e connection s othe r tha n welds) ;

• Open-ende d line s (tha t ar e no t securel ycappe d o r plugged) ;

• Sampling point s (treated a s open-ende d line s in thi s study) ; an d

• Safet yrelie f valves . Thes e component s represen t mechanica l joints , seals , an d rotating surface s whic h in tim

e ten d t o wea r an

d develop leaks . Th e leak s ar e -calle d fugitiv e leak s becaus e ther e i s n o wayo f accuratel ypredicting thei r occurrenc e o r severity . Whe n the leaking componen t contain s a mixture , i t i s assume d tha t
2- 1P.2 7

th e fugitiv e emission s hav e th e sam e compositio n a s the materia l flowing throug h the component . However , unles s otherwis e indicated , al l mas s emission s dat a i n thi s repor t ar e expresse d a s B D only , havin g bee n correcte d t o exclud e an

yothe r co-emitte d volatil e organi c compound s (VOC) . 2. 2 Critica l Studie s o f Fugitiv e Emission s

Industr yan d governmen t agencie s hav e bee n concerne d abou t fugitiv e emission s sinc e the mid-1970s . Th e U S EPAfunde d tw o larg e studie s o f fugitiv e emission s betwee n 197 5 an d 1983 . Th e firs t o f thes e focuse d o n fugitiv e emission s fro mrefinerie s (2) . Th e secon d focuse d on th e Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturin g Industrie s (SOCMI ) (3,4) . Th e SOCM I stud ywa s criticize d fo r its.overl yhigh predictio n o f the emission s fro mman yorgani c chemica l facilities , particularl ythos e processing know n toxi c material s wher e a n attemp t t o reduc e emission s wa s an inheren t par t o f th e design an d operations . Also , the SOCM I stud yteste d onl ysi x o f the hundred s o f possibl e chemica l processes , an d mos t o f the teste d processe s wer e large-commodit y petrochemica l processes .

Despit e thes e concern s abou t th e refiner yan d SOCM I fugitiv e emissio n factors , the ynevertheles s wer e widel yused , an d numerou s regulation s hav e bee n base d o n the data . Th e U S EP Apromulgate d Ne w Sourc e Performanc e Standard s (NSPS ) an d Contro l Technique s Guideline s (CTG ) fo r bot h the refining an d organi c chemica l industrie s using SOCM I fugitiv e emission s factors . Man y state s adopte d regulation s i n thei r Stat e Implementatio n Plan s (SIP ) base d o n the CT G tha t appl yt o existing sources . Thes e ar e als o base d on SOCM I factors .
I n recen t years , th e us e o f the refiner yan d SOCM I emissio n factor s ha s bee n extende d even furthe r beyon d the origina l tes t basis . Thes e generalize d factor s hav e bee n use d t o estimat e emission s fro mhazardou s wast e handling , ai r toxic s processing , an d othe r applications—wel l beyon d the originall yintende d uses . Th e justificatio n fo r thes e application s has-bee n tha t th e refiner

yan d SOCM I factor s ar e th e bes t availabl e wayt o estimat e

2- 2P.2 8

fugitiv e emissions , sinc e n o specifi c testing ha s bee n conducte d fo r thes e othe r applications . 2. 3 Previou s an d Impending Concer n Abou t Fugitiv e Emission s
Th e presen t B D fugitiv e emission s stud ywa s conducte d fo r the following reasons :

• First , th e Superfun d Amendment s Reauthorizatio n Ac t (SARA) , Titl e II I require d B D manufacturer s t o begi n reportin g eac h year' s emission s o f B D fro mbot h fugitiv e an

d poin t sources .

• Second , the U.S . EPAannounce d the ywer e considering developing a Nationa l Emissio n Standard fo r Hazardou s Ai r Pollutant s (NESHAP ) fo r BD . EPAi s basin g th e NESHA P ris k assessmen t o n SOCM I emissio n factors , although us e o f thes e factor s wil l resul t i n a

n overestimatio n o f B D fugitiv e emission s an d therefor e in a

n overpredictio n o f the potentia l healt h risk . Th e B D pane l believe s tha t EPAshoul d conside r usin g the individua l plan t fugitiv e emission s foun d i n the presen t stud y fo r furthe r B D NESHA P evaluation s an d ris k assessments .

2- 3P.2 9

3. 0 1,3-BUTADIEN E PRODUCTIO

N AN D US E
Thi s sectio

ngive s a

novervie

w o f 1,3-Butadien

e an d it s productio

n an d us e inth

e United States .
3. 1 Propertie s o f 1.3-Butadien e 1,3-butadien

e ha s th

e followin

g structura l formula :
H H H H 

# \ I I / C - C - C - C / \ H H
I t ha s a molecula r weigh t o f 5 4 an d a molecula r formul a o f C 4 H 6 .
3. 2 Overvie

w o f Productio

nan d Us e (5 )
Accordin

g t o th e Chemica l an

d Engineerin

g News . Jun

e 8 , 1987 , butadiene i s th

e 34t hlarges t commodit

y chemica l produced inth e United States . Productio

nin198 7 i s estimate d t o hav e bee napproximatel y 11. 9 billionpound s worldwide an d 2. 7 billionpound s inth e U.S . Mos t butadiene ts extracte

d fro m a mixed butene s strea m (crud e butadiene) , whichi s a byproduc t o f ethylen

e production . Thi s rout e account s fo r approximatel y

95 Xo f domesti c an d 85 % o f worldwide production .

I n th e U.S. , there are approximatel y 3 0 ethylen

e plant s locate

d i n6 states . Th

e crud e butadiene stream

s fro m thes e facilitie s (30-60 % butadiene , dependin

g o nethylen

e plant feedstock ) are processed inextractio nunit s locate d inTexa s an

d Louisiana . Som

e crud e butadiene i s importe d fro m oversea s t

o supplemen t th

e domesti c supply . Th e extractio

nplant s us e a

n extractio

nsolvent suc

ha s dimethylformamide o r acetonitril e t

o produc e high purity (>99.0X ) butadiene monomer . Thes e plant s are typica l petrochemica l facilities . The

y are out-of-door s and , becaus e o f th e extractio

nsolvent toxicit y an d butadiene' s flammability , fully contained . Th

e butadiene i s handled a s a liquifie d compresse

d gas .
3- 1P.3 0

Butadien

e consumptio

nin198 7 wa s estimate d t o b e 12. 0 billion pound s worldwide an d 3. 3 billionpound s in th e U.S . As inmos t years , U.S . deman d exceede

d supply ; therefore , approximatel y 50 0 millionpound s o f butadiene monome r wer e imported .

Figur e 3- 1 show

s tha t butadiene i s a relativel y larg e volum e produc t produced a s a coproduc t o f ethylen e manufacture . It s majo r en d us e i s inth

e productio

no f variou s polymer s used t o mak e tire s an

d nylon . Tabl e 3- 1 list s th

e majo r use s o f butadiene : th e manufactur e o f styrene-butadien

e rubber , polybutadien e rubber , an

d othe r polymers . Th e only majo r non-polyme r en d us e i s fo

r th e manufactur e o f adiponitrile , a nylo n intermediate . Ther e are als o severa l small-volum e chemica l use s fo

r butadiene , e.g. , th e productio

no f sulfolane , a

nindustria l extractio n solvent . Butadiene consumptio ni s dominate

d b y th e rubbe r industry ; about 72 Z o f al l butadiene us e i s fo r rubber o f on

e typ e o r another . O f th

e remainder , abou t 11

Xi s used fo

r nylon ; 10Xfo

r late x(paper coating , carpe t backing) ; 5 X fo r AB S resins , an

d 2% fo r al l others . Historically , there ha s bee nlittl e overla p betweenproducer s o f butadiene monome r an d it s users . Th

e producer s are generall y majo r petrochemica l companies , an d th e butadiene extractio nplant i s a smal l piec e o f a ver

y large complex . Th e user s are generall y companie s associated directl y

wit hsupplyin

g th e en d use r (e.g. , tire manufacturers ) wit hra w material . Mos t site s are relativel y smal l an

d th e butadiene-consumin g proces s i s a significan t portio no f th e sit e activity . Sinc e mi d 1987 , there hav e bee nn o companie s inth

e U.S . that are bot hmajo r producer s an d consumer s o f butadiene .



### 3- 2Standalon e Ethylen e Productio

n

Integrate

d Ethylen e Productio

n

On-Purpos e Crud e B D Productio

n

Importe d Crud e B D

Importe d Butadien

e Barge

Pipelin e

Pipelin e Butadien

e Extractio

n

Shi p

Shi p r - AB S Resin s

SB R an d Polybutadlen

e
Chloropren

e an d Nitril e Rub .

Adiponitril e Pipe , Conduit , Etc . Aut o Part s Appliance , Equipment Part s Tire s Hoses , Belt s Seals , Gasket s

Hoses , Belt s Adhesive s Seals , Gasket s

Nylo n

S B Late x -*

• Carpe t Backin

g -* - Coating s

Othe r ^ Footwear

Adhesive s Chemica l Intermediate s Figure 3-1 . Productio nan d En d Use s o f Butadiene .
SOURCE : B

D PANEL FUGITIV

E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .P.3 2

TABL E 3-1 . MAJO

RU.S . BUTADIEN

E USE S (1986 )

Styrene-Butadiene Rubbe r 32. 7 Polybutadlen

e Rubbe r 22. 3 Adiponitril e 12. 5 Styrene-Butadien

e Late x9. 9 Chloropren

e 6. 6 AB S Resin s 4. 4 Nitril e Rubbe r 2. 7 Other , Includin

g Expor t 3. 9

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .



### 3- 4P.3 3

Th e followin

g point s summariz e th e outloo

k fo r th e butadiene industr y durin g th e next severa l year s (6) :

• Domesti c butadiene consumptio ni s expected t

o gro w at a n average annua l rat e o f 0 . 8X ;

• Domesti c (co-product ) productio ni s expecte

d t o gro w at a n average annua l rat e o f 2.3X ;

• Sinc e domesti c productio nwil l gro

w faster tha

ndemand , import s wil l graduall y

declin e bu t no t b

e eliminated ;

• Import s (o

r on-purpos e domesti c production ) wil l continu e t o b e needed unti l about 1995 , whe nco-produced butadiene wil l b e adequat e t

o mee t demand ;

• Butadiene productio n(sinc e i t wil l be a by-produc t o f ethylen e manufacture ) wil l b e independent o f demand ; an d

• Afte r domesti c crud e butadiene productio nexceed s demand , th e crud e butadiene productio nwil l probabl y

no t be reduced , bu t
som e o f th e surplu s wil l b

e dispose

d o f insom

e alternativ

e
manne r (i.e. , a s a fue l o r feedstock) .



### 3- 5Butadien e monome r i s transporte d t o consumer s ina variety o f ways , includin

g pipeline , barge , tan k car , an

d tan k truck . Sinc e butadiene i s a ga s
at ambient temperature , i t i s handled a s a liquifie d ga s unde r pressur e durin g transportation . Durin g transport , production , or use , butadiene i s store d eithe r in pressurized vessel s or a s a refrigerated liquid .

3. 3 Productio nan d Us e
Eight companie s produc e finishe d 1,3-butadien

e at 1 1 location s in th e United States . Sixteenhundred an d eight thousan

d metri c ton s wer e produced b

y thes e facilitie s i n1985 . A breakdow

no f finishe

d 1,3-butadien

e productio

ninth e U.S . i s show

ninTabl e 3-2 . Th e Do w plan t at Freeport , Texa s wa s a finished produc t facility i n198 5 bu t had bee nconverted t o crud e productio

nonl y b y th e tim e o f thi s study .

Al l o f th

e productio

nfacilitie s inservic e at th e tim e o f thi s stud y excep t fo

r Texa s Petrochemica l participated i nth e study . Th

e Shel l facilit y a t Norco , Louisian a wa s no t inservic e a t th e tim e o f th e study .



### 3- 6P.3 5

TABL E 3-2 . 1,3-BUTADIEN E FINISHE

D PRODUC T PLANT S AN D NAMEPLAT E CAPACITIE S I

N 1986 '

Produce r Locatio n Annua l Capacity (thousand s o f metri c tons )

AMOC O CAI N CAI N EXXO N CHEMICA

L EXXO N CHEMICA

L LYONDEL L (ARCO ) MOBI L CHEMICA

L SHELL CHEMICAL " SHELL CHEMICA

L TEXAC O CHEMICA

L TEXAS PETROCHEMICAL " CHOCOLAT E BAYOU , T X CHOCOLAT E BAYOU , T

X CORPU S CHRISTI , TX BATO N ROUGE , L

A BAYTOWN , T

X CHANNELVIEW , TX BEAUMONT , T

X NORCO , L

A DEE RPARK , T

X POR T NECHES , TX HOUSTON , TX 8 1 7 3 10 0 15 9 11 3 21 5 3 6 22 7 11 4 25 4 23 6 Total : 160 8

a Takenfro

m Referenc e 6 . bOut o f servic e a t th e tim e o f thi s study .
e Compan

y di d no t participat e inthi s study .

SOURCE : B

D PANEL FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .



### 3- 7P.3 6

4. 0 MONITORING APPROAC H

Thi s sectio ngive s a novervie w

o f th e technica l approac htake n i n the project , a s wel l a s detail s o f the protoco l followe d b y th e participatin g membe r companies . Th e protoco l appear s inAppendi x2 .
4. 1 Overvie w o f Method s Use d t o Estimate Fugitiv e Emission s

Severa l step s canb e take nt o generat e a fugitiv e emission s estimat e fo r a specifi c chemica l unit . Figure 4- 1 illustrate s th e overal l process .

Fo r 1,3-butadien e productio nplants , the potentia l proces s fugitiv e emission s source s includ e valves , pumps , compressors , connector s (flanges , screwe d fittings , etc.) , open-ende d lines , safet y valves , an

d sampl e points . Some o f thes e componen t type s are subdivide d int o servic e categorie s tha t describ e the physica l stat e (liqui d o r gas ) an d volatilit y

rang e o f the materia l flowin g throug hth e component . Valve s hav e bee ngroupe d int o thre e categories : gas , ligh t liquid , an d heav y liquid . Pump s have bee ngroupe d int o tw o categories : ligh t liqui d an d heav y liquid . Al l othe r source s hav e onl y on e categor y

tha t cover s al l type s o f service .
The firs t ste p i nestimatin g fugitiv e emission s i s t o determin e the populatio no f eac htyp e o f componen t i nthe proces s are a t o b e monitored . Thi s ca

nb e accomplishe d b y eithe r a

non-the-groun d physica l inventor y o r b y examinin g accurat e P&I D drawings . Onc e thi s i s done , a plan t ca nselec t fro

m fiv e method s o f estimatin g fugitiv e emissions . These five method s ar e describe d below

an d are typicall y

referre d t o b

y th e followin g names :

SOCM I Averag e Emissio nFactors ; Leak/N o Lea k Emissio nFactors ; Stratifie d Emissio nFactors ; Correlatio nEquations ; an d Bagging .

4- 1Component Coun t b y Equipaent Type an

d Servic e Categor

y

Screenin

g Meeaureaent e

Averag e SOQi l Eaieeio n Fact o r a

-PI Leak/N o Lea k Metho d

Avatag e SOCM I Eaieaioo e Eatiaat e Stratified H e I ho d

Leak/N o Lea k Eaieaiona Eatiaat e Leak Bat e Correlatione Eque t ion

a

Stratifie d Eaiaaion a Eatiaat e SOCMI Correlatio n Equatio n Eaiaaio n Eatiaat e laggin g Heaaureaent e

Correlatio n Equation s Validate d Ne wCorrelatio n Equation s Develope d

Btfine d Eatiaata a Heaaure d Eaieeion a

Unit-Specifi c Correlatio n Equatio n Eaietion a Eatiaat e

Figure 4-1 . Overvie w o f Fugitiv

e Emissio

nEstimation .
SOURCE : B

D PANEL FUGITIV

E EMISSIONS STUDY , SUMME R1988 .P.3 8

Al l fiv e o f thes e method s were applie d inthi s study . Baggin g test s wer e optional .
4.1. 1 SOCM I Averag e Emissio nFactor s

I nth e earl y

1980s , EP A

conducte d a fugitive emission s stud y a t 2 4 plant s i nthe Syntheti c Organi c Chemica l Manufacturin g Industr y (SOCMI ) (4) . Fro m th e result s o f thi s study , EP A develope d averag e emissio nrat e factor s fo r severa l components . Thes e factor s were take nfro m a recen t EP A

draf t repor t (7) . Th e representativenes s o f th e dat a fo r moder nSOCM I facilitie s i s questionabl e i nligh t o f curren t desig nan d maintenanc e practices , especiall y i nplant s dealin g wit hpotentiall y toxi c chemicals .

I nestimatin g fugitiv e emission s fo r a proces s area , th e numbe r o f component s o f eac htyp e i s multiplie d b y th e averag e emissio nfacto r fo r tha t componen t type . The contribution s fro m eac hcomponen t typ e are adde d t o develo p th e tota l emissio nestimat e fo r the proces s area .

Not e tha t i nthi s study , fixe d sampl e point s (lines ) wer e treate d a s open-ende d line s sinc e al l screenin g test s wer e performe d withou t actua l samplin g bein g inprogress . Th e origina l EP A databas e include d sampl e connectio nscreenin g value s take nwhil e actua l sampl e acquisitio nwa s i n progress .
4.1. 2 Screenin g Tes t

Al l othe r emissio nestimatio nmethod s requir e tha t a screenin g surve y b e mad e o f the component s i nth e proces s are a t o b e monitored . Screenin g i s a relativel y quic k measuremen t metho d tha t employ s a portabl e detecto r tha t indicate s whethe r a source i s emittin g an d give s a rough magnitude o f th e emissions . Fo r measurin g tota l VOCs , portabl e Flam e Ionizatio nDetecto r (FID ) instrument s lik e th e Centur y System s OVA-10 8 an d combustible s analyzer s suc ha s th e TL V Sniffe r hav e bee nuse d fo r screenin g tests . T o obtai naccurat e estimate s o f the actua l VO C scree nvalues , thes e analyzer s ar e calibrate d wit hmethan e an d the nchallenge d wit hstandar d gase s
4- 3P.3 9

o f the materia l t o b e analyze d t o determin e the specifi c respons e o f th e instrumen t fo r tha t compound . The ra w screenin g dat a ar e adjuste d t o reflec t suc hinstrumen t respons e factor s (RFs) . Additiona l correction s t o th e screenin g dat a may includ e adjustment s fo r lin e compositio ns o tha t the contributio nfro

m eac hcompoun d i nthe lin e i s properl y included . Prio r t o makin g a screenin g measurement , th e instrumen t respons e t o th e ambien t ai r "near " the componen t i s determined . Thi s backgroun d readin g i s subtracte d fro m th e screenin g valu e t o correc t fo r th e ambien t leve l o f hydrocarbons .
4.1. 3 Leak/N o Lea k Metho d

Afte r examinin g al l o f th e dat a a t thei r disposal , th e EP A determine d tha t a reasonabl e approac ht o estimatin g fugitiv e emission s coul d includ e separat e emissio nfactor s fo r leakin g component s an d non-leakin g component s (8,9) . Additiona l wor k b y EP A establishe d a screenin g valu e o f 10,00 0 pp

m a s th e cutof f fo r declarin g a componen t t o b e a "leaker " (10) .
The leak/n o lea k emissio nfactor s publishe d b y EP A ar e presente d i n Tabl e 4- 1 an

d ar e take nfro

m Referenc e 7 . I napplyin g thes e factors , th e screenin g dat a are firs t divide d b y componen t typ e an d the nb

y screenin g value int o leake r or non-leake r categories . The numbe r o f component s ineac h categor y

i s multiplie d b

y the appropriat e emissio nfactor . Th e tota l emissio n estimat e i s th e su m o f al l individua l categor y contributions .
4.1. 4 Stratifie d Metho d

Recognizin g tha t th e vas t majorit y o f component s do no t lea k or hav e ver y lo w emissions , the EP A redefine d the leak/n o lea k strategy an d develope d a three-tiere d approach . Three range s o f screenin g value s wer e derived : 0 - 100 0 ppm , 1001-10,00 0 ppm , an d ove r 10,00 0 ppm . Tabl e 4- 1 give s the emissio n factor s fo r eac hcomponen t typ e an d servic e category . Th e stratifie d metho d screenin g valu e range s give ni nTabl e 4-1 , ( 0 - 99 9 ppm , 1,00 0 - 9,99 9 ppm , an d
_ > 10,00 0 ppm ) ar e slightl y differen t fro

m thos e publishe d b y EP A ( 0 - 1,00 0 ppm , 1,00 1 - 10,00 0 ppm , an d >10,00 0 ppm) , th e differenc e bein g at the boundar y

betwee nranges , i.e . a t 1,00 0 an d 10,00 0 ppm . Th e rational e o f thi s

4- 4TABL E 4-1 . EP A EMISSIO

N FACTOR S I

N lb/hr/SOURCEf l

i Componen t Typ e
Valve s Valve s Flange s Seale d Flange s Open-Ended Line s Pumps Safet y Valve s Sampl e Points 0 Compressor s Servic e Liqui d Ga s Al l Al l Al l Liqui d Al l Al l Al l Averag e

SOCM I
0.01560 0 0.01230 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00370 0 0.10890 0 0.22910 0 0.00370 0 0.50220 0 Leak/N o Leak Scree nValue Rang e (ppm ) >10,00 0
0.18780 0 0.09940 0 0.08270 0 0.08270 0 0.02630 0 0.96300 0 3.72500 0 0.02630 0 3.54200 0 <10,00 0

0.00377 0 0.00106 0 0.00013 0 0.00013 0 0.00330 0 0.02640 0 0.09850 0 0.00330 0 0.19690 0 Stratified b Scree nValue Rang 0 - 99 9
0.00061 7 0.00031 0 0.00004 4 0.00004 4 0.00029 0 0.00436 0 0.02510 0 0.00029 0 0.02490 0 (ppm )

1000-999 9
0.02123 0 0.00364 0 0.01929 0 0.01929 0 0.01930 0 0.07380 0 0.61450 0 0.01930 0 0.58150 0 e >1000 0

0.18780 0 0.09940 0 0.08270 0 0.08270 0 0.02630 0 0.96300 0 3.72500 0 0.02630 0 3.54200 0

a Value s obtaine

d fro m Tabl e 3- 5 i nProtocol s fo r Generatin

g Unit-Specifi c Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Equipmen t Leak s o f VOC an d VHAP , EP

A Report , October , 198 8 (Re f 7) . Th e screenin

g valu e range s show

nare slightl y

differen t fro

m thos e publishe

d b y EPA . Thei r range s are 0-100 0 ppm , an

d >10,00 0 ppm . Th

e range s inth

e tabl e ar e consisten t wit hth e leak/n

o lea k strateg y an d represent a mor e conservativ e estimatio

nprocedur e tha

ntha t givenb

y EPA .

c Sampl e point s treate d a s open-ended line s fo r al l purposes .
SOURCE : B

D PANEL FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

oP.4 1

stud y wa s t o us e the more conservativ e approac han d includ e th e boundar y value s i nthe highe r emissio nfacto r category . Thi s approac hthe nprovide s identica l emissio nestimate s fo r the leak/n o lea k an d stratifie d method s fo r component s wit hscreenin g value s o f 10,00 0 pp m (i.e . fo r leakers) .

Fo r example , conside r a pum p wit ha screenin g valu e o f 10,00 0 ppm . Accordin g t o the leak/n o lea k method , thi s componen t leak s a t a nestimate d emissio nrat e o f 0.96 3 lb/hr . Accordin g t o the EPA-specifie d ranges , thi s pump' s stratifie d metho d estimate d emissio nrat e i s 0.073 8 lb/hr . However , usin g the range s specifie d i nthi s B D Pane l study , the pum p emissio nrat e b y th e stratifie d metho d i s 0.96 3 lb/hr , identica l t o th e leak/n o lea k estimate .

Th e applicatio no f thes e factor s follow s the patter no f th e leak/n o lea k method . The component s wit hscreenin g value s i neac hrang e ar e counted . These value s are the nmultiplie d b y th e appropriat e emissio nfacto r an d al l contribution s ar e adde d t o deriv e th e tota l estimate d emission s fo r the proces s area .
4.1. 5 Correlatio nEquation s

Th e dat a obtaine d b y th e EP A

durin g th e refinery projec t (2 ) an

d th e SOCM I projec t (3,4 ) include d screenin g value s an d actua l fugitiv e emissio n rat e determinations . Statistica l evaluatio no f th e dat a le d t o developmen t o f correlatio nequation s t o transfor m screenin g value s to.lea k rate s fo r thre e componen t type s infou r servic e categorie s (7) . Thes e were :

• Valve s i nligh t liqui d service ;
• Valve s inga s service ;
• Flanges , an

d
• Pimps .
The equatio nfo r pump s i s typicall y applie d t o al l othe r categorie s tha t d o no t have a specifi c equation . Table 4- 2 show s the fou r correlatio n equation s use d i nthi s study ; the y were take nfro

m Reference 7 .

4- 6TABL E 4-2 . FUGITIV E EMISSION S CORRELATIO N EQUATIONS*« b

Component Typ e Servic e Correlatio nEquation* * "Defaul t Zero " Numbe r o f CorrelationEmissio nRat e Dat a Pair s Coefficien t (lb/hr )

Valv e Ga s 1.68 0 x10* 5 x(SCRNVALU) 069 3 Valv e Liqui d 3.74 0 xIO" 4 x(SCRNVALU) 047 0 Flange Al l 3.73 1 x10" 5 x(SCRNVALU) 082 0 Othe r Al l 1.33 5 x10" 5 x(SCRNVALU) 089 8 9 9 12 9 5 2 5 2 0.6 6

0.4 7 0.7 7 0.8 1 0.00007 2

0.00100 4 0.00020 9 0.00008 8

i a Emissio

nestimate s ar e calculate d inlbs/hr .
° Takenfro

m Tabl e D- l i

nProtocol s fo

r Generatin

g Unit-Specifi c Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Equipmen t Leak s o f VO

C an d VHAP , EP

A Report , October , 198 8 (Re f 7) .
c SCRNVAL

U- Maximu

m OV A screenin

g value in ppm .

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .P.4 3



### Eac ho f th e equation s predict s a zer o emissio nrat e fo r screenin g value s o f zero . Durin g the earl y fugitiv e emission s studies , th e EP A determine dth e actua l emissio nrate s fo r severa l component s tha t ha dzer o screenin g values . Workin g backward s throug hth e correlatio nequations , EP A adopte da "defaul t zero " screenin g valu e o f 8.1 7 pp m fo r al l sources . Th e mas s emissio nrate s correspondin g t o 8.1 7 pp m usin g th e correlatio nequation s ar e show ni nTabl e 4- 2 a s "defaul t zero " mas s emissio nrate s i nlb/hr . 4.1. 6 Baggin g

I f unit-specifi c correlatio nfactor s ar e desired , th e nex t ste pi s t o obtai nquantitativ e emissio nrat e dat a fro m "bagging " tests . A baggin g tes t consist s o f enclosin g th e componen t unde r tes t i na nair-tigh t Myla r or Tedla r o r aluminu

m shroudo r bag . Next , a nai r strea

m i s pushe dthroug h (flow-throug hmethod ) o r pulle dthroug h(vacuu m method ) th e ba g a t a measure d rate . Onc e equilibriu m i s established , exhaus t ai r sample s ar e analyze dfo r temperatur e an

dfo r th e specie s o f interest ; i.e. , B D fo r thi s study . Thi s ba g concentratio no f B D i s the nconverte dt o th e correspondin g mas s emissio n rat e i nlb/h r usin g Equatio n1 .

_. . B D Con e * M W * F R* T C . „ , , Mas s Emissio nRat e = rzz (Eq . 1 ) n v where : B D Con e = Concentratio no f B D i nth e ba g i nppm ; M W = Molecula r weigh t o f B D = 5 4 lb/l bmole ; M V = Mola r volum e o f B D = 39 2 ft 3 

### /l bmol e at 68°F ; F R= Ai r flo

w rat e throug hth e ba g i nfrvhr ; an d T C = Temperatur e conversio nfacto r base do nth e idea l ga s la w t o conver t F Rfro

m it s measure dvalu e t o th e correspondin g flo w rat e a t 68°F . Thi s valu e i s th e actua l measure drat e o f B D emission s fro m th e componen t int o the atmosphere . Th e measure demissio nrate s fo r severa l component s ar e plotte dinlog-lo g spac e agains t th e correspondin g screenin g tes t results . Th e EP A correlatio nequatio ni s draw no nthe sam

e plot . I f
4- 8P.4 4

eac ho f the measure d (bagged ) dat a point s fall s below th e EP A

curve , the n th e EP A curv e wil l overestimat e th e mas s emissio nrat e fro m th e component s teste d an d the EP A

correlatio nequatio ni s considere d vali d fo r th e proces s are a tested . I f th e measure d dat a point s ar e consistentl y abov e the EP A

curve , the nthe EP A

curv e underestimate s the actua l mas s emissio nrat e fro m th e component s tested , th e EP A correlatio nequatio ni s no t vali d fo r th e proces s are a tested , an

d a differen t metho d fo r estimatin g fugitiv e emission s i s indicated . I ngeneral , fou r t o eigh t comparativ e dat a set s (screenin g an d baggin g tes t results ) ar e require d t o validat e the correlatio nequations .

I f th e correlatio nequation s ar e no t vali d o r i f th e estimate s o f the emission s ar e fa r beyon d the level s indicate d b y initia l baggin g tests , a plan t ma y

choos e t o develo p a ne w unit-specifi c correlatio nequatio ntha t may requir e a s man

y a s 2 0 t o 3 0 baggin g test s pe r sourc e type/servic e category .
Th e fina l stag e o f unit-specifi c fugitiv e emissio nestimatio ni s th e developmen t o f a

nindustry-specifi c emissio nfactor . Thi s i s a facto r which , whe nmultiplie d b y the numbe r o f sources , give s the estimate d emission s fro m thes e sources . Suc ha nemissio nfacto r shoul d be base d o na larg e amoun t o f dat a take nfro

m differen t unit s o f the sam e typ e an

d a t differen t time s durin g the maintenance cycle .
4.1. 7 Curren t Stud y
Al l five o f th e estimatio nmethod s describe d abov e were employe d i n thi s study . Screenin g tes t dat a were use d fro m al l participatin g plant s t o deriv e estimate d emission s usin g the averag e SOCM I factors , the Leak/N o Leak factors , the stratifie d factors , an d the correlatio nequations . Baggin g tests , whic hwer e optional , wer e conducte d at thre e o f th e participatin g plants .

4- 9P.4 5

4. 2 Screenin g Technique s

A s applie d t o th e B D fugitiv e emission s study , screenin g analysi s corresponde d t o a supplemente d versio no f EP A Referenc e Metho d 21 . A cop y o f th e referenc e metho d i s containe d i nAppendi x1 .

EP A Metho d 2 1 describe s a procedure fo r identifyin g an d screenin g VO C leak s fro

m proces s equipment . Severa l performanc e specification s ar e give ni nth e method . Analytica l requirement s include :

• Instrumen t respons e facto r (RF ) mus t b e les s tha n1 0 fo r th e compound o f interest ;

• Instrumen t respons e tim e mus t b e les s tha n3 0 seconds ; and ,

• Instrumen t calibratio nprecisio nmus t b e withi n10% .
Othe r requirement s fo r th e analyze r include :

• I t mus t contai na ninterna l pum

p capabl e o f samplin g a t a rat e o f 0. 5 t o 3 liter s pe r minute ;

i

• I t mus t b e intrinsicall y safe ; and ,

• I t mus t b e calibrate d wit hcertifie d (^2 % accuracy ) standar d gases .
The metho d describe s the procedur e fo r screenin g valves , connectors/flanges , pumps/compressors , pressure-relie f devices , proces s drains , ope nende d lines/valves , sea l systems , an d acces s doors . Th e determinatio no f backgroun d level s i s als o described . Finally , the measuremen t o f instrumen t respons e factors , calibratio nprecision , an d respons e time s are described .

4-1 0P.4 6

Th e instrumen t chose nfo r the B D fugitive s emissio nstud y wa s th e Foxsbor o OVA-10 8 (Organi c Vapo r Analyzer) . Thi s analyze r i s a portable flame ionizatio ndetector - (FID- ) base d instrument . I t contain s a ninterna l pum

p tha t draw s approximatel y 1 L/mi no f sample . Th e ai r draw ni nwit hth e sampl e provide s the ai r fo r th e flame . The uni t i s batter y powere d an

d ha s a

n interna l hydroge ncylinde r wit henoug hfue l fo r 8 t o 1 0 hour s o f continuou s operation . Th e uni t i s certifie d b y th e manufacture r t o b e intrinsicall y safe . Th e analyze r ha s a logarithmi c readou t coverin g the rang e 1 t o 10,00 0 ppm .

A

10-to- l dilutio nprob e i s availabl e fo r th e OVA-10 8 instrument . Us e o f thi s devic e allow s the instrumen t t o respon d t o u p t o 100,00 0 ppm . Dilutio nprobe s wer e typicall y no t use d i nthi s study , an d component s wit h screenin g value s a t or abov e 10,00 0 pp m were assigne d a

nemissio nrat e equa l t o th e lea k facto r fro m th e Leak/N o Lea k method . The correlatio nequation s fo r dat a abov e 10,00 0 pp m were no t use d sinc e the equation s wer e derive d fro m dat a wher e "pegge d sources " (i.e. , source s wit hscreenin g value s abov e 10,00 0 ppm ) wer e excluded .

Th e OV A respond s t o man

y organi c compound s inadditio nt o BD r . Th e respons e o f the analyze r t o a mixtur e containin g B D an d othe r organi c compound s wil l b e a combinatio no f th e respons e attributabl e t o eac h compound . I ngeneral , a weighte d basi s calculatio ni s use d t o determin e th e instrumen t respons e fro m a mixture . Thi s i s describe d i nmore detai l late r in the report .
4. 3 Calibratio n

I naccordanc e wit hEP A Metho d 21 , th e OV A instrumen t mus t b e calibrate d b

y adjustin g the mete r readin g wit ha hydrocarbon-free ai r sourc e an d b y usin g a certifie d standar d ga s containin g approximatel y 8,00 0 pp

m o f methan e i nair . Subsequently , the instrumen t respons e t o B D inai r standard s i s determine d usin g at leas t thre e standar d gase s coverin g th e rang e o f 2 0 t o 20,00 0 pp

m BD . Instrumen t respons e factor s fo r eac hstandar d ga s were determine d fro

m the followin g equation :

4-1 1P.4 7

R F = Actua l Concentration/Instrumen t Respons e (Eq . 2 )

Th e dat a are subjecte d t o a linea r leas t square s analysis . I f the correlatio ncoefficien t exceed s 0.99 , th e analyze r i s judge d t o have a linea r respons e t o BD , an d the R F fo r B D i s the average R F fro m the upscale readings . Fo r analyzer s whos e correlatio ncoefficien t i s les s tha n0.99 , calibratio n curve s are develope d an d use d t o conver t ra w OV A value s t o screenin g values . Fo r thi s B D study , al l calibratio ndat a submitte d corresponde d t o correlatio n coefficient s greate r tha n0.9 9 an d average respons e factor s wer e use d fo r al l dat a calculations .
4. 4 Screenin g Protoco l

Befor e conductin g th e fiel d tests , th e 1,3-Butadien e Pane l an d EP A agree d t o a screenin g protocol . A cop y o f thi s protoco l appear s i nAppendi x 2 . Ke y provision s ar e summarize d below :

• Mor e than 90 % o f th e U.S . productio ncapacit y o f B D woul d participate ;

• Al l stream s containin g >5 % B D woul d b e included ;

• Component s accessibl e b y platform , ladder , o r manlif t up t o 4 0 fee t abov e grad e woul d b e tested ;

• Component s t o b e teste d included :

— Valve s (all , i nbot hliqui d an d ga s service) ,

— Pump s (all) ,

—Safet y Valve s no t vente dt o aheade r syste m(all) ,

—Open-ende dline s unles s plugge do r blin dflange d(all) ,

4-1 2P.4 8

— Compressor s (all) ,

— Sampl e Point s excep t close d loops , plugge d lines , an d line s ventin g t o a contro l devic e (all) , and ,

— Connector s an

d flange s (u

p t o abou t 15 0 o na randoml y selecte d basis , bu t excludin g insulate d flanges) ;

• Baggin g test s wer e optional ;

• Baggin g tests , i f performed , woul d includ e 2 t o 9 bag s pe r componen t type/servic e category ;

• A nOV A instrumen t woul d b e use d fo r screenin g tests ;

• Eithe r th e vacuu m or blow-throug htechniqu e woul d b e use d fo r baggin g tests ;

• The CM

A Guidance Documen t publishe d i nAugust , 198 8 (11 ) woul d be followe d an

d n o specia l inspectio nan d maintenanc e (I&M ) procedure s woul d b e allowe d befor e o r durin g the tes t period ;

• The QA/Q C procedure s outline d i nth e CM A Guidanc e Documen t woul d b e followe d an d th e result s documented ;

• A concurren t industria l hygien e stud y wa s recommended ; an d

• Al l partie s agree d t o accep t the result s o f the study .
4. 5 BD Workboo k



### Th e 1,3-Butadien e Pane l contracte dRadia n Corporatio n i n Austin , Texa s t o overse e th e testin g effort , analyz e th e data , an dgenerat e afina l report . T

o facilitat e uniformit y i n dat acollectio n an dt o answe r any question s concernin g th e screenin g protocol , aB D Fugitive s Workbook (12 ) wa s 4-1 3P.4 9

prepare d an

d distribute d t o al l participant s a t a 1,3-Butadien e Pane l worksho p onhel d Apri l 26 , 1988 . Include d i nth e workboo k wer e form s designe d t o obtai nconsisten t screenin g an d Q C dat a fro

m al l participants . Dat a t o b e collecte d include d screening , instrumen t calibration , an d instrumen t drift . Eac ho f th

e dat a form s i s discusse d below .
4.5. 1 1,3-Butadien e Screenin g Surve y Repor t For

m Figur e 4- 2 show s a 1,3-Butadien e screenin g surve y dat a form . A

n explanatio no f the dat a anticipate d fo r eac hentr y i s give nbelow :

• Plan t I D - Plan t identificatio ninformation ;

• Instrumen t I D - Uniqu e identificatio n informatio ndescribin g the analyze r use d t o obtai nth e data ;

• Analyst' s Name - Perso ncollectin g the dat a wh o shoul d b e contacte d concernin g th e data ;

• Date - Dat e o f screenin g test ;

• Backgroun d Readin g Time - Time o f da y whe nth e particula r dat a shee t wa s firs t used ;

• Uncorrecte d Valu e - OV A analyze r readin g i nthe vicinit y o f th e component s bein g teste d (se e Metho d 2 1 fo r details) ;

• Averag e R F - Averag e o f respons e facto r dat a fro m the lates t multipoin t calibratio nusin g B D standar d gase s (i f th e correlatio ncoefficien t wa s >0.99) ;

• Calibratio nCurv e (Y/N ) - A spac e t o indicat e whethe r a calibratio ncurv e wa s neede d t o conver t ra w OV A value s t o screenin g value s (typicall y no t use d b

y the participant s i n thi s survey) ;
4-1 4Plan tI D Inetruaen t1 0 Analya tNaa e Phon e No . Oat e Averag e R

F Calibratio n Curv e (Y/N ) Laa tDat e Screene d Backgroun d Readin g Tia e Uncorrecte d Valu e (ppav )

Flo w Seq. - Shee tLocatio n No . No . P&I

D Servic e Category/Procea aStrea a

Coa p B D Solven t Coa p Sixe * Coa

p Ht . Naae / Typ e (in. ) Category * Phaa e Z Ut . Z Screenin g Valu e OV A B D Readin g Specific * (ppav ) (ppav ) Coaaen t

•Optiona l Figur e 4-2 . Exampl e Screenin g Dat a Repor tForm .

SOURCE : B

D PANE

L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

U lP.5 1

• Seq . No . - Sequenc e numbe r use d t o kee p trac k o f th e orde r o f componen t testin g (typicall y no t use d b

y participants) ;

• Flo

w Shee t No . - Plant-specifi c identificatio n information ;

• Locatio nP&I D - Plant-specifi c identificatio n information ;

• Componen t Typ e - Typ e o f componen t bein g screened . Fo r thi s stud y the protoco l designate d th e followin g componen t types :

— Valve s (VLV) ;

— Pump s (PMP) ;

— Connector s or flange s (FLN) ;

— Safet y

Valve s (SV) ;

— Open-Ende d Line s (OEL) ;

— Compressor s (COM) ; an d

— Sampl e Point s (SP) .

• Siz e - Siz e o f th e componen t itsel f o r th e siz e o f th e lin e feedin g int o the component ;

• Componen t Categor y - Descriptio no f th e typ e o f componen t bein g tested ; e.g. , ball , globe , butterfly , etc . fo r valves ;

• Phas e - Phas e o f th e strea m inth e componen t (liqui d o r gas) ;

• B D % - Percen t b y weigh t o f B D i nthe strea m (>5 % fo r thi s survey) ;

• Solven t Name - Name o f the majo r organi c solven t fo r mixe d streams ;

• Wt . % - Percen t b y weigh t o f the majo r solven t name d above ;

4-1 6P.5 2

• OV

A Readin g (ppm ) - Raw OV A scree nvalue , uncorrecte d fo r instrumen t response , strea m composition , o r background ;

• B D Specifi c (ppm ) - Result s o f BD specifi c scree ntest s suc ha s sorben t tubes ; an d

• Comment s - Spac e fo r an y observation s o r othe r comment s concernin g th e specifi c componen t bein g tested .

I nactua l practice , th e space s fo r respons e facto r an d calibratio n curv e wer e no t used , sinc e mos t participant s provide d ra w calibratio nan

d othe r Q C dat a t o b e include d i nth e dat a analysis . Sequenc e numbers , flo w shee t numbers , an d locatio nP&I D dat a wer e al l place d i nthe dat a bas e a s plan t identificatio ninformatio nonly . Fina l sequenc e number s wer e assigne d b y the compute r s o tha t eac hcomponen t wa s uniquel y identifie d inthe dat a base . Many

plant s submitte d secondar y solven t name s an d percentage s wit h thei r data . The dat a base an d calculation s fo r al l th e plant s wer e expande d t o hav e th e capabilit y fo r includin g a s many a s tw o organi c solvents .
4.5. 2 Calibratio nDat a Shee t fo r 1,3-Butadien e Screenin g

The B D workboo k requeste d tha t th e plant s calibrat e thei r analyzer s dail y usin g a methan e standar d o f approximatel y 8,00 0 ppm . Include d i nth e instrumen t calibratio nprocedur e i s a procedur e fo r adjustin g the instrumen t zer o "full-scale " response . The plant s wer e t o determin e the analyze r respons e t o thre e standar d gase s containin g approximatel y 2 0 ppm , 200ppm , an d 2,00 0 pp

m B D i nair . Fo r eac hstandard , the instrumen t respons e facto r wa s t o be determine d usin g Eq. 2 (se e Sectio n4.3 ) an d the instrumen t linearit y determine d usin g a linea r leas t square s analysis . I f th e correlatio n coefficien t wa s greate r than0.99 , th e instrumen t wa s considere d linea r an d th e R F wa s the averag e o f th e thre e upscal e R F values . I f the correlatio n coefficien t wa s les s tha n0.99 , a calibratio ncurv e wa s generate d fo r convertin g th e ra w OV A value s t o VO C screenin g values . Figur e 4- 3 show s a n analyze r calibratio nsheet .

4-1 7CALIBRATIO N DAT A SHEE T FO R1.3-BUTADIEN E SCREENIN G Plan t I D Instrumen t I D Certifie dMethan e Concentratio n Analys t Nam e Certifie dB D Concentration s

Lo w Mediu m

Hig h Methan e Blan k Standar dStandar dStandar d Readin g Readin g Respons e Respons e Respons e Lo w Mediu m

Hig hAverag e Dat e Tim e (ppm ) (pf* ) (ppm ) (ppm ) (ppm ) RR F R F R F R F Comment s

**

- i i - * o o

a ) R = correlatio n coefficien t Figur e 4-3 . Exampl e Calibratio n Reportin g Form .
SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .P.5 4

Th e participant s varie d considerabl yi n thei r adherenc e t o the reques t concerning calibration . Mos t plant s complie d full ywit h the request . Thre e plant s di d no t submi t calibratio n data .
4.5. 3 Drif t Tes t Dat a Shee t fo r 1,3-Butadien e Screening

Th e B D workboo k requeste d tha t participant s challeng e thei r analyzer s wit h on e o f th e calibratio n standard s thre e time s a da y(a t th e beginning , i n th e middle , an d a t th e en

d o f th e day ) t o determin e i f th e analyze r respons e wa s drifting . Theywer e t o recalibrat e the instrument s i f mor e than 20 % erro r wa s found . Figur e 4- 4 show s a n analyze r drif t tes t repor t form . Zer o respons e drif t (i f any ) wa s handle d b ythe "zero " procedur e a s par t o f the dail ycalibratio n procedure .

A s wit h th e calibrations , th e plant s varie d considerabl yin adhering t o thi s request . Drif t tes t dat a wer e no t receive d fro mthre e plants . 4. 6 Qualit yContro l Result s

Virtuall yal l instrument s fo r whic h methan e calibratio n dat a wer e submitte d wer e foun d t o b e operatin g properl yan d achieve d a methan e respons e facto r o f 1.00 . Th e result s o f the individua l plan t B D calibratio n an d drif t test s appea r i n Appendi x 3 . Asummar ytabl e showing the rang e o f result s fo r eac h plan t i s presente d i n Tabl e 4-3 .

Th e individua l plan t B D calibratio n dat a wer e initiall yexamine d fo r linearit yo f respons e usin g a linea r leas t square s analysi s o f the multipoin t data . Th e correlatio n coefficient s show n i n Tabl e 4- 3 rang e fro m0.998 2 t o 0.9999 . A s describe d earlier , i f the resulting correlatio n coefficien t wa s greate r tha

n 0.99 , th e instrumen t wa s considere d linea r and , i n general , th e averag e B D respons e facto r wa s use d t o calculat e results . I n some instances , th e lo w R F value s wer e no t used t o determin e the R F t o b e applied . In thes e cases , th

e variabilit yi n the lo w rang e R F wa s wel l above th e variabilit yfo r th e othe r range s an d wel l abov e the variabilit yo f al l othe r plants .

4-1 9Plan t I D

Instrumen t I D Analys t Name DRIF T TES T DAT A SHEE T FO R 1.3-BUTADIEN E SCREENING

Date Nomina l

Ga s Cone , (ppmv ) Pre Tes t

Cone . Z (ppmv ) Error Mi d Tes t Cone . Z (ppmv ) Erro r Pos t Tes t Cone . Z (ppmv ) Erro r Co o ment s

N 3 O

. -, certifie d cone - measure d cone ,

a ) % erro r = • —x 10 0 cert i f ie d rone .

Figur e 4-4 . Exampl e Drif t Tes t Repor t Form .
SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .P.5 6

Ui C d Oi H C O C d H Q * *

- J » J 3 O a • •o e I O 

## s . at ! •

o * u o e o •- H IO* > PC ! a

C d 

## 3 o u

•• at a .

u s O O I

•>
• 0 • S J at !

- a « -* • 

# z*

O - I •> at ! 

## s .
~ £ o • • t o > 9. 2 at ! i 3 U u j * » C a • ca S c o o c o o «oo n

i i ISISSS I •i > s s

o o r * m a » O O O ) 4 0 O

O O OOOO O O ) < o ( O t o o > 0 0)0)0) 0 OOOO O OOOO O

o > - c rs . C M • * O O O O O flD C O OS ) C O o o o OOOO O OOOO O

a s e g m m o OOOO O OOOO O OOOO O OOOO O OOOO O

Hnmo«nNON(Dn«N N o)OHNONaN>nin<«oN N

nnwin N

nHH H m

C M w*M

*-4 C M

• O O J C O - C » o I I I I I atN«<« a C M C M m O C

M

- e C M c o - * N

C M < o o o o •o o r* . o o - ••• •- I C M • # O C

O HNNN H

III I

n W-A m C M « H O H H H (

HNNNf 4 I I I I I r v t o « n t n i n o m t o « n o O C M C M C M O

*- « C O C O C O * H

^ 4 C O C M C M O

4-2 1P.5 7

Periodically , th e analyzer s wer e teste d fo r driftin g response . Th e result s fo r thes e drif t test s (show ni nTable 4-3 ) rang e fro m 0 t o 18% . Al l o f th e result s ar e withi nth e 20 % drif t acceptabilit y limit s originall y recommende d b

y the B D Workbook .

4-2 2P.5 8

5. 0 DAT

AANALYSI S
Thi s sectio n contain s a descriptio n o f the dat a analysi s method s an d summar ydescription s o f the dat a submitte d b ythe participating plants .
5. 1 Converting Raw OV At o BD-Specifi c Emissio n Estimate s .
Th e theor

ybehin d converting ra

w dat a t o emissio n estimate s i s firs t presente d in thi s section , then thre e example s ar e given . 5.1. 1 Theory

Th e dat a sheet s requeste d backgroun d OV Avalues , alon g wit h ra w screening value s an d strea mcompositio n dat a fo r the component s tested . I f th e Raw OV

Ascreening valu e wa s equa l t o o r greate r tha n 10,00 0 ppm , a s define d b

yEPA , the n the componen t wa s declare d t o b e a leake r (10 ) an d the emission s contributio n fro mthe Leak/N o Lea k tabl e (Tabl e 4-1 ) wa s assigne d fo r al l remaining.dat a analysi s purpose s t o tha t component ; i.e. , th e screening-to-lea k rat e correlatio n equation s wer e no t use d t o calculat e a n emissio n estimat e fo r thes e "pegged " sources . Fo r al l non-leakers , a screening valu e corresponding t o th e tota l VO C emission s wa s derive d an d a fugitiv e emission s estimat e wa s mad e according t o the following guidelines ;

• Correcte d scree n valu e - Th e backgroun d OV Avalu e wa s subtracte d fro

mthe ra

w screening valu e t o obtai n a correcte d screening value . Thi s correcte d OV Avalu e wa s se t t o zer o i f the calculate d valu e wa s les s than zero .

• VO C scree n valu e - Th e correcte d screening valu e wa s adjuste d t o accoun t fo r lin e compositio n an d instrumen t respons e factor s using Equatio n 3 ; (Eq
. 3 ) VO C Correcte d Scree n = [(BD% x B

D RF ) + (S0L1 Z x SOL

I RF) + (S0L2 % x S0L 2 RF) ] * Scree n (BD % + SOL

I % + S0L 2 % ) Valu e

5- 1P.5 9

where: . BD % i s the percentag e o f B D i n th e componen t unde r test ;

B D R F i s the instrumen t respons e facto r fo r butadien e derive d fro

mthe dat a supplie d wit h the screening tes t result s (se e individua l plan t R F dat a give n i n Appendi x 3 ) ;
S0L1 % an

d SOL2 % ar e the tw o majo r organi c solvent s liste d on the dat a shee t (onlythos e tha t woul d hav e a n OV A respons e wer e included) ;
SOL I R F an

d S0L 2 R F ar e th e publishe d respons e factor s fo r Solven t 1 an

d Solven t 2 , eac h a t a n OV Amete r reading o f 10,00 0 pp

m(13 ) (se e Tabl e 5- 1 fo r the compoun d name s an

d R F value s use d i n the calculations) .

• Averag e SOCM I Emission s Estimat e - Th e estimate d VO C mas s emission s fo r eac h componen t wer e calculate d fro mthe direc t applicatio n o f th e averag e SOCM I emission s facto r previousl y show n i n Tabl e 4-1 .

• B D Weigh t Fractio n - Th e weigh t fractio n o f B D i n the strea ma s liste d on the dat a sheets . Fo r thi s study , w e assume d tha t al l stream s containe d 100%*organi c compounds .

• Weighte d SOCM I Emission s Estimat e - Th e estimate d BD emission s derive d fro

mmultiplyin g th e averag e SOCM I (Tota l VOC ) emissio n estimat e b

ythe fractio n o f B D in th e stream .

• Leak/N o Lea k Emissio n Estimat e - Th e VO C screening valu e fo r eac h componen t wa s assesse d t o determin e i f the componen t wa s leaking (i.e. , 2.10*00 0 ppm) . Th e appropriat e emissio n facto r fro mTabl e 4- 1 wa s selecte d an d correcte d fo r the B D weigh t fractio n t o determin e th e B D emissio n rate . Fo r component s

5- 2P.6 0

TABL E 5-1 . ORGANI C SOLVENT S AN D RESPONS E FACTORS 8
Compoun d R F
1-BUTENE .5 6 3-METHYL-l-BUTEN E .5 6 ACETONITRILE .9 5 ACETYLEN

E .3 9 BENZEN E .2 9 CIS-1-BUTEN E .5 6 DM F 4.1 9 ETHAN E .6 5 ETHYLEN E .7 1 ISO-1-BUTYLEN E .5 6 IS O BUTAN

E .4 1 METHAN E 1.0 0 METHY L ACETYLEN

E .3 9 MIXE D C3' S .6 8 MIXE D C4» S .5 5 MIXE D C5' S .5 2 N-BUTuAN E .5 0 PROPAN E .5 5 PROPYLEN

E .7 7 SEA L OI L (O-DCB ) .6 8 VINY L ACETYLEN

E .3 9

aSource : Referenc e 13 .

5- 3P.6 1

wit h a RA

W OV Avalu e o f 10,00 0 pp mo r greater , th e Lea k emissio n facto r wa s assigne d automaticall ybefor e correctio n fo r B D weigh t fraction .

• Stratifie d Emissio n Estimat e - Th e VO C screening valu e fo r eac h componen t wa s compare d wit h the low rang e o f 0 t o 99 9 ppm , a mid-rang e o f 100 0 t o 9999 , an d th e high rang e o f 10,00 0 pp mo r more . Th e appropriat e emissio n facto r fro mTabl e 4- 1 wa s selecte d an

d correcte d fo r B D weigh t fractio n t o estimat e the B D fugitiv e emissions . Fo r component s wit h a RA W OV Avalu e o f 10,00 0 pp

mo r greater , th e HIG H emissio n facto r wa s automaticall yassigne d an d then correcte d fo r th e weigh t fractio n o f B D i n th e stream .

• Calculate d Emissio n Estimat e - Fo r component s declare d t o b e leaker s becaus e thei r RA W OV Avalu e wa s 10,00 0 pp mo r more , th e appropriat e Lea k contributio n fro mth e Leak/N o Lea k tabl e wa s selecte d fo r th e calculate d emission s estimate . Fo r al l othe r components , the VO C screening valu e wa s use d i n the correlatio n equation s fro

mTabl e 4- 2 an

d the resultan t emission s correcte d fo r B D weigh t fractio n t o determin e th e B D fugitiv e emissio n estimate . Fo r component s wit h a VO C screenin g valu e belo w 8.1 7 ppm , th e EPA-mandate d lowe r limi t o f 8.1 7 pp mwa s use d in the calculation .
A n additiona l calculatio n wa s mad e using defaul t zer o mas s emissio n rate s derive d fro

mbaggin g dat a collecte d fro msevera l "zer o screening " component s i

n tw o plants . Thi s topi c i s discusse d in greate r detai l i n Sectio n 5.4 . 5.1. 2 Practica l Example s

Thi s sectio n provide s detaile d description s o f th e calculation s used fo r severa l combination s o f components , screenin g values , an d lin e compositions .
5- 4P.6 2

Exampl e 1 :

• Componen t Typ e = Valv e i n liqui d service ;

• Raw Screening Valu e = >10,00 0 ppm ;

• Backgroun

d OV AValu e = 3 ppm ;

• BD % = 55% ;

• B D R F = 2.76 ;

• Solven t 1 = Mixe d C4' s a t 45% ;

• Th e averag e SOCM I emissio n estimat e fo r thi s componen t come s directl yfro

mTabl e 4- 1 an

d i s 0.015 6 lb/hr ;

• Th e weighte d SOCM I emissio n estimat e i s 55 % (not e BD % = 55% ) o f th e standar d SOCM I value , o r 0.0085 8 lb/hr) ;

• Th e Leak/N o Lea k emissio n estimat e i s take n directl yfro mTabl e 4- 1 an d i s 0.187 8 lb/hr . Not e tha t sinc e thi s componen t gave a "pegged " OV

Ascree n value , i t i s declare d t o b e a "leaker " an d n o correction s ar e mad e fo r instrumen t R F o r lin e composition ; an d

• Al l othe r emissio n estimate s (stratifie d an d correlatio n curves ) ar e assigne d the sam e lea k valu e (0.187 8 lb/hr ) a s above . Exampl e 2 :

• Componen t Typ e = Valv e in ga s service ;

• Raw Screening Valu e = 2,00 0 ppm ;
5- 5P.6 3

• Background OV

A= 3 ppm ;

• BD % =40% ;

• B D R F = 2.76 ;

• Solven t 1 = Mixe d C4' s a t 60% ;

• Th e averag e SOCM I estimate d emissio n rat e fro mTabl e 4- 1 i s 0.012 3 lb/hr ;

• Th e weighte d SOCM I estimate d emissio n rat e i s 0.01^ 3 x 0.4 0 0.0049 2 lb/hr ; .

• Th e correcte d OV Avalu e = 2,00 0 - 3 = 199 7 ppm ;

• Th e VO C scree n valu e = 199 7 x (0.4 0 x 2.7 6 + 0.6 0 x 0.55 ) = 2.86 4 pp m (.4 0 + .60 ) where : 0.5 5 i s th e R F fo r mixe d C4' s a s give n i n Tabl e 5-1 .

• Th e Leak/N o Lea k estimate d emission s ar e 40 % o f 0.00106 0 = 0.00042 4 lb/hr . Sinc e 2,86 4 pp mi s les s than th e 10,00 0 pp m leve l necessaryfo r a leaker , thi s componen t i s considere d t o b e a non-leaker , an d the 0.00106 0 lb/hr contributio n fo r VO C i s appropriate .

• Th e stratifie d metho d estimate d emission s ar e 40 % o f 0.00364 0 = 0.00145 6 lb/hr . Th e 2,86 4 pp mVO C screening valu e fall s in the mid-leve l strata .

5- 6P.6 4

• Fo r the correlatio n curve , th e 2,86 4 pp mVO C screening valu e i s substitute d int o the ga s phas e valv e equatio n o f Tabl e 4- 2 t o give a tota l VO C emission s estimat e o f 0.00417 8 lb/hr . Th e B D portio n o f thi s i s 40% , o r 0.00167 1 lb/hr . Sinc e thi s i s wel l abov e th e defaul t zer o value s (o f bot h EP Aan d th e B D Panel) , n o furthe r correction s ar e necessary . Exampl e 3 : Componen t Typ e = Flange ;

Raw Screening Valu e = 5 ppm ; Backgroun

d OV A= 3 ppm ;

BD % =7% ;

B D R F = 2.76 ;
Solven t 1 = 1-Buten e a t 93% ;
Th e averag e SOCM I emission s estimat e i s 0.0018 3 lb/hr ;
Th e weighte d SOCM I emissio n estimat e i s 0.0018 3 x 0.0 7 0.000JL2 8 lb/hr ;
Th e correcte d OV

Avalu e = 5- 3 = 2 ppm ;
Th e VO C scree n valu e = (.0 7 x 2.7 6 + .9 3 x 0.56 ) , . . 2 x (.0 7 + .93 ) = 1<4 3 Pp m Th e Leak/N o Lea k estimat e = .00013 0 x .0 7 = 0.00000 9 lb/hr ;

5- 7P.6 5

• Th e stratifie d metho d estimat e = 0.00004 4 x .0 7 = 0.00000 3 lb/hr ;

• Through straigh t forwar d applicatio n o f the correlatio n equation , the correlatio n curv e give s a preliminar yestimat e o f 0.000050 0 lb/hr . ABD-specifi c valu e o f 0.000003 5 lb/hr i s obtaine d b

ymultiplyin g b

yth e B D weigh t fractio n (0.07) ;

• Th e estimate d emission s valu e calculate d fro mthe correlatio n curv e i s als o les s tha n the B D Pane l defaul t valu e (0.000178 8 lb/hr ) fro

mthi s stud

y(detail s ar e presente d in Sectio n 5. 4 o f thi s report) . Therefore , th e correlatio n curv e (B D Pane l default ) estimat e o f 0.000178 8 lb/hr woul d appl yt o the componen t fo r thi s method . Not e tha t n o correctio n fo r % B D i s mad e sinc e th e B D Pane l defaul t zer o value s ar e alread y specifi c fo r BD .
5. 2 Summar

yo f Component s Studied . Screening dat a fro

ma tota l o f 44,01 3 individua l component s wer e receive d fro

m1 3 butadien e productio n facilities . Thes e dat a ar e summarize d b yplan t i n Tabl e 5-2 . Fewe r tha n 1 % (432 ) o f the component s wer e inaccessible . O f the 43,58 1 accessibl e components , 53.3 % (23,233 ) wer e valve s in liqui d service , 14.5 % (6,315 ) wer e valve s in ga s service , 26.2 % (11,428 ) wer e flanges , an

d 4.0 % (1,744 ) wer e open-ende d lines . Th e remaining 2.0 % (821 ) comprise d a combinatio n o f pumps , safet yvalves , sampl e points , an d compressors .

Th e productio n o f B D proceed s b ystage s fro

mthe crud e chemica l throug h purificatio n t o th e finishe d product . Th e concentratio n o f B D increase s steadil ythroughou t thi s process . Th e temperature , pressure , an d othe r operating condition s var ythroughou t the . differen t stage s o f the productio n process . T o investigat e whethe r difference s in emission s resulte d fro mdifference s in plan t operations , the dat a wer e studie d a s a functio n o f th e following range s o f B D composition :
5- 8TABL E 5-2 . SUMMAR Y DISTRIBUTIO

N O F AL L COMPONENT S B Y PLAN T

U l I sO Plan t

No .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3

Tota l Liqui d

Valve s
1,71 8 1,31 1 50 1 76 7 1,37 3 48 0 2,47 1 1,88 4 26 6 41 2 13 5 3,52 1 8,39 4
23,23 3 G

« a s Valve s

1

1

6 62 7 19 1 21 8 11 6 83 6 55 5 ,05 9 58 0 6 2 1 4 4 8 31 3 ,69 6
,31 5 Flange s

2 6

1 1 21 3 2 1 91 8 15 0 6 2 0 15 0 18 1 15 8 14 7 13 6 ,53 4 ,75 8
,42 8 O F >en Ende d Line s

1 .

1 , 4 7 0 0 0 5 0 1 2 3 0 1 1 0 66 6 0

74 4 Pump s

3 4 2 1 9 2 5 1 7 1 4 6 7 2 0 3 6 0 6 3 9 7

37 6 Safet y Valve s
3 1 6 2 0 1 0 1 3 0 7 1 9 4 0 3 3 26 7

42 8 Sampl e Point s
1 6 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 0 Comp
ressor s
0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 4

1 7 Accessibl e

Tota l
2,65 8 1,56 1 1,66 8 1,05 8 2,30 4 1,06 2 3,76 4 2,73 9 49 8 59 4 31 9 8,13 0 17,22 6
43,58 1 Inacc
essibl e
13 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 2 1 0 0 0 21 6

43 2 Tota l

2,79 5 1,56 1 1,66 8 1,05 8 2,30 4 1,06 2 3,84 0 2,74 1 49 9 59 4 31 9 8,13 0 17,44 2
44,01 3

SOURCE : BD PANEL FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .• 5 % t o 30% ;
• 30 % t o 90% ; an d
• 90 % t o 100% .
Tabl e 5- 3 show s th e distributio no f component s b y B D concentration . The uppe r portio no f Table 5- 3 show s the actua l number s o f component s o f eac htyp e (i.e. , th e numbe r o f valve s inliqui d service , th e numbe r o f valve s inga s service , etc. ) i neac ho f the thre e B D concentratio nranges . Th e botto m portio no f Tabl e 5- 3 show s th e percentag e o f eac htyp e o f componen t ineac ho f the thre e B D concentratio nranges . Fo r example , th e 5,16 3 valve s i nliqui d servic e i nth e B D rang e o f 5 % t o 30 % represen t 22.22 % o f th e tota l numbe r o f liqui d valve s (23,233 ) teste d i nth e study . Mor e tha n3 2 percen t o f the component s teste d i nthi s stud y wer e i nline s containin g 90 % o r mor e BD . Abou t 47.percen t o f the component s teste d wer e i nth e B D concentratio nrang e o f 30 % t o 90% . The concentratio nrang e o f 5%-30 % B D containe d abou t 20 % o f the numbe r o f component s tested .

Tabl e 5- 4 show s a distributio no f th e teste d component s i neac hBD concentratio nrang e b y ra w OV A screenin g value . Th e OV A screenin g value s cove r a five-decad e rang e fro m 1 0 pp m t o 10,00 0 pp

m o r more . The uppe r portio no f Table 5- 4 show s the numbe r o f component s i neac hcategory , whil e th e lowe r portio nshow s th e percentag e o f th e tota l containe d ineac hrange . Th e dat a indicat e the larg e numbe r o f component s wit hver y lo w screenin g values . Ove r 67 % o f al l component s ineac hB D concentratio nrang e hav e screenin g value s a t o r belo w 9 ppm , i.e. , essentiall y a t o r below

the EP A "defaul t zero " screenin g value . Mor e than92 % o f al l component s ineac hB D rang e ha d screenin g value s below 10 0 ppm .
Tabl e 5- 5 show s a distributio no f th e teste d component s fo r eac h componen t typ e ineac hra w OV A screenin g value rang e (withou t regar d t o BD concentration) . Th e uppe r portio no f Tabl e 5- 5 show s the numbe r o f component s i neac hcategory , whil e the lowe r portio nshow s the percentag e o f the tota l containe d i neac hrange . The percentag e value s ar e show ngraphicall y

i n Figur e 5-1 . Som

e genera l observation s ca nbe made fro

m thes e results .

5-1 0P.6 8

TABL E 5-3 . DISTRIBUTIO NO F COMPONENT S B Y B D CONCENTRATIO N

NUMBE R O F COMPONENT S INB D CONCENTRATIO NRANG E 5 % - 30 % 30 % - 90 % 90 % - 100 % Tota l Componen t Typ e
Valv e (Liquid ) Valv e (Gas ) Flang e Open-Ende d Lin e Pum p Safet yValv e Sampl e Poin t Compresso r Tota l Number : 516 3 172 8 170 0 

### 21 1 7 3 9 9 

### 8 1 4 1037 3

214 1 634 0 104 6 

### 15 2 20 6 1 1 

### 3 769 7

244 6 338 8 

### 48 7 15 1 12 3 2 1 

### 0 2323 3

631 5 1142 8 174 4 

### 37 6 42 8 4 0 1 7 899 6 2027 2 1431 3 4358 1

Componen t Typ e Percentag e o f Component s I n B D Concentratio n Rang e 5 % - 30 % 30 % - 90 % 90 % - 100 %
Valv e (Liquid ) Valv e (Gas ) Flang e Open-Ende d Lin e Pum p Safet yValv e Sampl e Poin t Compresso r WEIGHTE D AVERAG E % : 22.2 2 27.3 6 14.8 8 12.1 0 19.4 1 23.1 3 20.0 0 82.3 5 44.6 5

33.9 1 55.4 7 59.9 8 40.4 3 48.1 3 27.5 0 17.6 5 33.1 3

38.7 3 29.6 5 27.9 2 40.1 6 28.7 4 52.5 0 0.0 0 20.6 4 46.5 2 32.8 4

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-1 1P.6 9

TABL E 5-4
. DISTRIBUTIO N OFRA WOV A SCREENIN GVALUES BY BD CONCENTRATIO N

Butadien e Concentratio n
5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % Tota l (al l B D Ranges )

Butadien e Concentratio n Numbe r

0- 9 pp m10

-
594 9 1624 5 1074 7
3294 1 o f Component s

9 9 pp m
236 1 304 8 289 1
830 0

Percentag e o f 0- 9 pp m 10-9 9 

### L

n 10 0 t o 99 9 pp m
30 6 29 2 26 1
85 9

Component s pp m Screening

100 0 t o 999 9 pp m
25 0 32 3 19 1
76 4 Valu e Rang e

•999 9 pp m
13 0 36 4 22 3
71 7

i n Screenin g Valu e Rar 10 0 t o 99 9 pp m 100 0 999 9 t o pp m Tota l

899 6 2027 2 1431 3
4358 1

g e >999 9 pp m 5 % t o 30% 66.1 3 30% t o 90% 80.1 4 90% t o 100 % 75.0 9 Weighte dAverage 3 75.5 9 26.2 4 15.0 4 20.2 0 19.0 4 3.4 0

1.4 4 1.8 2 1.9 7 2.7 8

1.5 9 1.3 3 1.7 5 1.4 5

1.8 0 1.5 6 1.6 5

aWeighte dAverag e mean s tha t th e valu e fo r

eac hB

D rang e wa s "weighted " b y th e numbe r

o f component s i n tha t range . A

n alternativ e way o f lookin g a t thi s valu e i s tha t

i t i s th e tota l numbe r o f component s i n th e screenin g valu e rang e expresse da s apercentag e o f th e tota l numbe r

o f component s i n a l l ranges . SOURCE : B

D PANE LFUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988
.

5-1 2P.7 0

TABL E 5-5
. DISTRIBUTION O FCOMPONENT

S B Y RA WOV A SCREENIN

GVALU E FO RAL L PARTICIPATINGPLANT S AL L COMPONENT

S AN D AL L B D CONCENTRATION

S
Numbe r o f Com p Componen t

Typ e 0- 9 ppm10-9 9 pp m onent s i n Screenin g Valu e Rang e 10 0 t o 100 0 t o >999 9 99 9 ppm999 9 pp

mppm Tota l
Valv e (liq ) 1573 5 577 5 Valv e (gas ) 426 0 164 4 Safet y Valv e 36 8 4 4 Sampl e Poin t

1 2 1 5 Pum p 17 4 11 6 Open-Ende dLin e 169 2 3 1 Flang e ' 1068 6 67 2 Compresso r

1 4 3 Tota l Number : 3294 1 830 0 60 6 17 4 8 8 2 3 5 3 5 0 85 9 57 1

12 7 2 3 3 4 5 2 2 0 76 4 54 6

11 0 6 2 2 9 1 1 1 3 0 71 7 2323 3

631 5 42 8 4 0 37 6 174 4 1142 8 1 7 4358 1

Percentag e o f

Component s i n Screenin g Valu e Rang e

10 0 t o 100 0 t o >999 9 10-9 9 pp

m99 9 pp

m999 9 pp

mpp

m Componen t

Typ e 0- 9 ppm Valv e (liq ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende dLin e Flang e Compresso r Weighte dAverage 3 67.7 3 67.4 6 85.9 8 30.0 0 46.2 8 97.0 2 93.5 1 82.3 5 24.8 6

26.0 3 10.2 8 37.5 0 30.8 5 1.7 8 5.8 8 17.6 5 2.6 1

2.7 6 1.8 7 20.0 0 6.1 2 0.2 9 0.3 1 0.0 0 2.4 6

2.0 1 0.4 7 7.5 0 9.0 4 0.2 9 0.1 9 0.0 0 2.3 5

1.7 4 1.4 0 5.0 0 7.7 1 0.6 3 0.1 1 0.0 0 75.5 9 19.0 4 1.9 7 1.7 5 1.6 5

3 Weighte dAverag e mean s tha t th e valu e fo r

eac hB

D rang e wa s "weighted " b y th e numbe r

o f component s i n tha t range . A

n alternat e wa

y o f lookin g a t

thi s valu e i s tha t

i t i s th e tota l numbe r o f component s i n th e screenin g valu e rang e expresse da s apercentag e o f th e tota l numbe r

o f component s i n al l ranges .

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988
.

5-1 3P.7 1

C 

## s £ 10 0
9 0 -
8 0 -
7 0 -
6 0 - 2 " s o 50- 1
4 0 - 3 0
2 0 -
1 0 -

<1 0 pp m 

# s

§ 

# p U l o

<10 0 pp m <100 0 pp m - < 10,00 0 pp m

OV A Screenin g Value , pp m < 10.00 0 ppm

Valv e (liq ) Valv e (gas ) Pum p Open-Ended Lin e | | Rang e

Figur e 5-1 . Distributio n o f Selecte d Component s b y Ra w OV A Screenin g Valu e SOURCE : B

D PANE LFUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988
. 5-1 4P.7 2

Overall , the percentag e o f component s havin g screenin g value s o f les s tha n 1 0 pp m varie d fro

m a hig ho f 97 % fo r open-ende d line s t o a lo w o f 30 % fo r sampl e points . A

t the othe r en

d o f the scale , the percentag e o f leaker s varie d fro m a hig ho f 7.7 % fo r pump s t o a lo w o f 0 % fo r compressors . More detaile d result s an

d a discussio no f eac hcomponen t typ e wil l appea r i nth e followin g section s o f thi s report .

Estimate d emission s wer e determine d fo r al l o f th e 43,58 1 accessible component s reporte d i nthi s study . Eac ho f the estimatio nmethod s previousl y describe d wa s included . Th e mea no r averag e valu e fo r eac hcomponen t typ e an d servic e categor y

wa s determined . These mea nvalue s ar e show ni nTable 5-6 . I ngeneral , th e progressio no f estimate s a s on e proceed s fro m lef t t o righ t i

n the tabl e involve s increasingl y mor e sophisticate d method s o f estimatin g fugitiv e emissions . Th e averag e SOCM I estimat e take s int o accoun t onl y th e numbe r o f component s an d the average SOCM I valu e fro m th e EP A

stud y conducte d abou t 1 0 year s ago . Th e weighte d SOCM I value s simpl y correc t the averag e SOCM I value s fo r the percentag e o f B D i nth e lines . Th e leak/n o lea k valu e divide s the component s int o leaker s or non-leakers , base d o nthe OV

A screenin g value , applie s the appropriat e emission s facto r fo r eac hcomponent , an d correct s fo r th e percentage o f BD . Th e stratifie d emission s metho d partition s the component s int o thre e categories , dependin g o nOV A screenin g value , applie s th e appropriat e emissio nfactor , an d correct s fo r B D composition . Al l othe r emission s estimate s us e the EP A correlatio nequation s (previousl y give n i nTabl e 4-2 ) wit hdifferen t "defaul t values" .

A defaul t or lowe r leve l o f detectio n(LLD ) o f 8.1 7 pp m i s specifie d b y th e EPA , base d o nth e dat a se t tha t they hav e generated . Earl y inthi s study , man

y membe r companie s expresse d thei r belie f tha t a more appropriate LL D woul d b e eithe r 2 o r 1 ppm . Also , some member s believe d tha t th e correlatio ncalculatio nshoul d b e base d o nthe actua l value obtained , i.e. , allowin g the LL D t o go t o 0 i f tha t wa s reported . Finally , the result s o f baggin g test s conducte d durin g thi s stud y provide d adequat e dat a t o deriv e ne w an d individua l "defaul t zero " emissio nestimate s fo r eac ho f the fou r

5-1 5TABL E 5-6 . 1,3-BUTADIEN E FUGITIVE EMISSION S SURVE Y SUMMAR Y REPORT FOR AL L PLANTS : COMPARISO

NO F MEA

NEMISSIO

NFACTOR S FOR AL L CALCULATIO NMETHOD S

Componen t Typ e

Valv e (liq ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r Numbe r o f Component s

2323 3 631 5 A 2 8 4 0 37 6 174 4 1142 8 1 7 Mea n OV

A Scree n Valu e (ppm )

150 7 110 9 103 5 241 6 2841 43 1 6 0 4 ESTIMATE D EMISSIO N FACTOR S Averag e SOCM I Emissio n Facto r

.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 Weighte d

SOCM I Emissio n Facto r

.00931 4 .00739 9 .12995 3 .00247 0 .06985 2 .00251 4 .00111 6 .14032 1 Leak /

N o Lea k Emissio n Facto r

.005591 .00206 0 .08519 7 .00270 3 .08986 5 .00233 6 .00016 4 .05501 6 USIN G 1K B METHOD S LISTE D

Calculate d Stratifie d Emissio n Facto r

.00398 8 .00163 6 .04575 5 .00268 4 .08011 1 .00033 5 .00012 9 .00695 7 Calculate d

Emissio n Facto r LLD= 8 pp x

.00361 9 .00114 1 .03000 5 .00265 7 .05637 2 .00017 7 .00025 7 .00002 5 —

AL L VALUE S AR E I N lB/hr/SOURC B Calculate d Emissio n Facto r LLD- 2 pp

m

.00347 6 .00132 6 .02959 0 .00264 3 .06039 7 .00014 7 .00017 4 .00000 8 Calculate d

Emissio n Facto r LLD= 1 pp

m

.00340 5 .00132 1 .02958 4 .00264 1 .06039 3 .00013 9 .00015 7 .00000 5 Calculate d

Emissio n Facto r LL0= 0 pf »

.00322 1 .00131 2 .02957 7 .00263 9 .06038 8 .00013 0 .00013 5 .00000 1 Calculate d

Emissio n Facto r B D Panel *

.00314 0 .00110 5 .02996 0 .00264 0 .05633 9 .00012 0 .00030 7 .00000 4 Reductio n

rt)

79. 9 91. 0 86. 9 28. 6 48. 3 96. 8 83. 2 99.9 + Defaul tzer o value s wer e determine d separatel y fo rvalve s i n liqui d service , valve s i n ga s service , flanges , an d open-ende d line s (others) .

SOURCE: B

D PANE L FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

. SUMME R1988 .P.7 4

componen t type s tha t hav e correlatio n equations . Th e detail s o f thi s baggin g stud yar e presente d later , along wit h th e new defaul t zer o emission s value s (Section 5. 4 an

d Tabl e 5-36) . Tabl e 5- 6 show s th e averag e emission s estimate s allowing each o f thes e defaul t zer o values .

Excep t fo r permanen t sampl e points , the valu e fo r eac h componen t decrease s going fro mlef t t o righ t i n Tabl e 5-6 . Thi s show s the improvemen t afforde d b

yeac h o f the mor e sophisticate d estimatio n methods . However , the correlatio n equatio n value s using th e new defaul t zer o fro mthi s stud

yar e slightl yhighe r tha n the value s derive d whe n actua l zer o emission s wer e allowed . Th e overal l reductio n i n estimate d emission s achieve d using the correlatio n equation s wit h B D Pane l defaults , a s compare d wit h the averag e SOCM I emissions , i s show n i n Tabl e 5- 6 i n the las t column . Th e leve l o f reductio n range s fro m28.6 % fo r sampl e point s t o 99.99+ % fo r compressors . Withou t a screening survey , a plant' s bes t wa yt o estimat e fugitiv e emission s o f B D woul d involve simpl ycorrecting the averag e SOCM I estimate s fo r B D concentration . Th e bes t emissio n estimat e method , however , i s a screening surveyfollowe d b yapplicatio n o f the correlatio n equations . Th e EP Aspecifie s a defaul t valu e o f 8.1 7 ppm . Th e presen t stud yha s develope d ne w defaul t values . Emissio n estimate s obtaine d b yeac h o f the four method s

t ar e reporte d throughou t the remainde r o f thi s repor t s o tha t th e result s ma y b e compared .

Th e uppe r portio n o f Tabl e 5- 7 compare s th e mean emissio n factor s (i n lb/hr/source ) b

yeac h metho d fo r eac h componen t typ e include d i n the study . Th e lowe r portio n o f Tabl e 5- 7 show s the tota l estimate d emission s (i n lb/hr ) fo r eac h componen t type . Thi s represent s a roug h estimat e o f the fugitiv e emission s o f 1,3-Butadien e produce d b ythe plant s participatin g in thi s study .

5-1 71

0 0 TABL E 5-7
. SUMMAR

Y O FESTIMATE

D 1 EMISSIO N ESTIMATE S FO R

Componen t Typ e
Valv e (liq ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r

Componen tN Typ e C
Valv e (liq ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r Numbe ro f Component s
2323 3 631 5 42 8 4 0 37 6 174 4 1142 8 1 7

umbe ro f omponen ts
2323 3 631 5 42 8 4 0 37 6 174 4 1142 8 1 7 Hea n Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
150 7 110 9 103 5 241 6 284 1 43 1 6 0 4

Mean Ra

w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
150 7 110 9 103 5 241 6 284 1 43 1 6 0 4

Flang e emissio n multiplie d b y 4.1 4 whic h Tota l annua l emission s base d o n astrea m

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY . ,3-BUTADIEN E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FO RAL L PARTICIPATIN G PLANTS : AL LCOMPONENT

S

Mea n B D Amoun t (% )
59. 7 60. 2 56.7 . 66. 8 64. 1 67. 9 61. 0 27. 9

Mea n B D Amoun t (% )
59. 7 60. 2 56. 7 66. 8 64. 1 67. 9 61. 0 27. 9 Mea n Emissio n Factor s (Al l Value s i n lb/hr/source )

Averag e Weighte d Correlatio n Correlatio n Curv e SOCM I SOCM

I Curv e (EPA ) B D Pane l
.01560 0 .00931 4 .00361 9 .00314 0 .01230 0 .00739 9 .00114 1 .00110 5 .22910 0 .12995 3 .03000 5 .02996 0 .00370 0 .00247 0 .00265 7 .00264 0 .10890 0 .06985 2 .05637 2 .05633 9 .00370 0 .00251 4 .00017 7 .00012 0 .00183 0 .00111 6 .00025 7 .00030 7 .50220 0 .14032 1 .00002 5 .00000 4

B D Pane l Tota l Emission s (Al l Value s I n lb/hr ) Estimate d Correlatio n Annua l Averag e Weighte d Correlatio n Curv e Emission s SOCM I SOCM

I Curv e (EPA ) (B D Panel ) (tons/yr) 3
362.3238 0 216.3834 8 84.0840 4 72.9620 8 303.595 2 77.6745 0 46.7262 2 7.2043 8 6.9794 1 29.041 3 98.0548 0 55.6199 8 12.8423 5 12.8229 9 53.356 5 0.1480 0 0.0987 9 0.1062 9 0.1055 9 0.439 4 40.9464 0 26.2643 9 21.1960 1 21.1832 8 88.143 6 6.4528 0 4.3839 1 0.3079 3 0.2089 0 0.869 i 20.9132 4 12.7566 9 2.9354 0 3.5098 7 60.462 9 8.5374 0 2.3854 5 0.0004 3 0.0000 6 0.000 3 BD Pane l Tota l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (Tons/yr ) 535.9084 s

assune s tha tth e numbe ro f flange s = 1. 6 time s th e numbe ro f valves , facto ro f

95X .

SUMME R1988 .P.7 6

Not e tha t th e las t colum n show s th e estimate d emission s i n ton s pe r yea r fo r eac h component , assuming 2 4 hou r a da yoperation , 36 5 day s a year , running 95 % o f th e time . An additiona l assumptio n wa s mad e fo r flanges , onl y a percentag e o f whic h wer e teste d i n thi s study . Fo r the industry , a flang e scale-u p facto r o f 4.1 4 wa s applie d t o th e data . Thi s facto r wa s determine d b yassuming tha t the numbe r o f flange s wa s equa l t o 1. 6 (Re f 1 ) time s the tota l numbe r o f valve s (liqui d servic e plu s ga s service ) i n the plant s an d b y determining the rati o o f the tota l numbe r o f flange s t o the numbe r o f measure d flanges . Individua l summar yestimate s (simila r t o Tabl e 5-7 ) fo r eac h o f the plant s appea r i n Appendi x 3 . Wher e dat a wer e availabl e fo r individua l plants , actua l flang e count s wer e use d t o determin e the scal e u p factor .
Th e dat a i n Table s 5- 6 an d 5- 7 show the averag e o r mea n OV A screening valu e fo r eac h componen t typ e i n thi s study . Tabl e 5- 8 compare s thes e value s wit h the corresponding averag e value s fro mthe previou s EP

A fugitiv e emission s studies . Th e averag e SOCM I value s wer e calculate d usin g the correlatio n equation s presente d i n Tabl e 4-2 .

Fo r al l componen t type s excep t sampl e points , whic h wer e treate d the sam e a s open-ende d lines , a reductio n i n mea n screenin g value s wa s seen i n thi s study . Sinc e virtuall yal l screening test s o f sampl e point s wer e performe d whe n the sampl e point s wer e no t i n us e fo r sampling , the y corresponde d mor e closel yt o uncappe d open-ende d line s tha n t o the "i n use " sampl e point s o f previou s EPAstudies .

Fo r thos e component s fo r whic h screening valu e reduction s wer e recorded , th

e reduction s range d fro m17.9 % fo r open-ende d line s t o 99.9+ % fo r compressors . Th e principa l reason s fo r thes e reduce d emission s ar e probabl y improve d plan t desig n criteria , operations , an d maintenanc e programs . Sectio n 6 o f thi s repor t discusse s othe r possibl e explanation s fo r thes e reductions .

5-1 9P.7 7

TABL E 5-8 . COMPARISO NO F OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S FROM TH E B D PANE L STUDY WIT H THOS E ESTIMATE D FROM SOCM I FACTOR S

Componen t Typ e SOCMI 3 (ppm ) B D Pane l

(ppm ) Reductio n (% )
Valv e (Liquid ) Valv e (Gas ) Sampl e Poin t Safet yValv e Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r 281 5 1365 0 52 5 5190 0 2270 0 52 5 11 5 12450 0 150 7

110 9 241 6 103 5 284 1 43 1 6 0 4 46. 5

91. 9 -360. 2 98. 0 87. 5 17. 9 47. 8 99.9 +

a SOCM I screening value s derive d fro mthe correlatio n equatio n give n i n Sectio n 4 .

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-2 0P.7 8

Th e relatio n betwee n fugitiv e emission s an d B D concentratio n wa s explore d b

ydetermining mean emissio n factor s fo r eac h componen t typ e in eac h o f thre e B D percentag e ranges . Th e firs t rang e include d component s containing 5 % t o <30 % BD , whic h cover s al l o f the productio n an d the beginning s o f the purificatio n stages . Th e secon d rang e include d al l component s wit h 30 % t o <90 % BD , whic h cover s al l purificatio n stage s o f the productio n process . Th e third rang e include d component s containing 90 % o r mor e BD , whic h cover s al l pur e B D service s lines . Mea n emissio n factor s an d tota l emission s o f component s i n thes e thre e range s ar e show n in Table s 5-9 , 5-10 , an d 5-11 .
Fo r mos t components , the effec t o f increasing the B D concentratio n i s clearl ya noticeabl e increas e i n B D emissions . A n increas e in the averag e emissio n facto r i s foun d fo r virtuall yever ycomponen t typ e whe n th e B D concentratio n increase s fro m5 % t o 30 % t o 30%-90% . Fo r ever ycomponen t excep t valve s i n ga s servic e an d sampl e points , increase d emissio n factor s ar e foun d whe n th e B D concentratio n increase s fro m30 % t o 90 % t o >90% . Th e mea n emissio n facto r fo r component s i n th e 5%-30 % B D rang e i s abou t 8 time s highe r tha n the mean emissio n facto r fo r component s in th e >90 % B D range .
5. 3 Emission s B yComponen t Typ e an d Servic e Categor

y Fugitiv e emission s i n the chemica l industr yar e considere d t o b e volatil e organi c compound s (VOC ) emission s tha t resul t whe n proces s fluid s (eithe r liqui d o r gas ) lea k fro mplan t equipment . Seve n type s o f component s wer e include d i n thi s study : valves , pumps , flanges , open-ende d lines , safet y valves , sampl e points , an d compressors . Valve s wer e furthe r separate d int o valve s in liqui d servic e an d valve s i

n ga s service . Thi s sectio n present s the dat a fo r eac h o f thes e eigh t categories .
5.3. 1 Valve s i

n Liqui d Servic e
Ther e wer e 23,23 3 valve s in liqui d servic e include d in thi s study , representing 53.31 % o f al l component s tested .

5-2 1TABL E 5-9 . SUMMAR Y O F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIEN E FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO R AL L PARTICIPATING PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FOR COMPONENT S WIT H B D CONCENTRATION S BETWEE N5 % AND 30 %

Componen t Typ e
Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r Component s
516 3 172 8 9 9 8 7 3 21 1 170 0 14 Mea n Ra w Scree n Valu e ( p
123 6 68 2 203 1 17 2 212 7 60 4 3 6 2 OV A pm ) Mea nB D

Amoun t (Z )

14. 3 14. 0 12. 5 16. 5 13. 9 23. 0 16. 4 19. 6 Mea n

Averag e SOCM I

.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 Emissio nFactor s

Weighte d SOCM I

.00223 1 .00171 9 .02856 1 .00061 1 .01513 6 .00085 2 .00029 9 .09864 6 (Al l Value 6 i n

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

.00070 1 .00014 6 .00566 1 .00053 6 .00575 4 .00012 2 .00006 4 .00001 8 lb/hr /

Co r source ) relatio nCurv e (BD Panel )

.00060 8 .00013 8 .00565 3 .00053 1 .00574 7 .00010 5 .00020 6 .00000 45-2 N J Componen t Typ e

Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r Numbe r of Component s
516 3 172 8 9 9 8 7 3 21 1 170 0 1 4 Mea nRa

w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )

123 6 68 2 203 1 17 2 212 7 60 4 3 6 2 Mea n B D

Amoun t (Z )

14. 3 14. 0 12. 5 16. 5 13. 9 23. 0 16. 4 19. 6 Tota l

Averag e SOCM I
80.5428 0 21.2544 0 22.6809 0 0.0296 0 7.9498 0 0.7807 0 3.1110 0 7.0308 0 W

e

B D Emission s (Al l ighte d SOCM I
11.5209 6 2.9699 9 2.8275 5 0.0048 8 1.1049 0 0.1796 7 0.5089 1 1.3810 5 Pane l Tota l Value s i n lb/ h Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

3.6200 6 0.2528 1 0.5604 8 0.0042 9 0.4200 1 0.0257 7 0.1086 4 0.0002 5 Estimate d Annua l r )

Correlatio nCurv e (BD Panel )

3.1407 1 0.2392 2 0.5596 9 0.0042 4 0.4195 5 0.0218 5 0.1005 2 0.0000 3 Emission s (Tons/Y e B D Pane l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (To n 6/Year )

13.068 5 0.995 4 2.328 9 0.017 7 1.745 7 0.092 3 9.477 2 0.000 2
ar ) 27.7259 °

Tota l annua l emission s base d ona strea m facto r o f 95Z . Flang e emission s multiplie d b y 6.4 9 whic hassume s tha t th e numbe r o f flange s = 1. 6 time 6 th e numbe r o f valves .

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 .I

N u C u Tu^BL

E 5-10 . SUMMAR

Y O F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIVE EMISSION S FOR AL L PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FO R COMPONENT S WIT H B D CONCENTRATION S BETWEE N 30 % AND 90 %

Componen tTyp e
Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r Component s
1037 3 214 1 20 6 1 1 15 2 104 6 634 0 3 Mean Ra w Scree n OV

A Valu e (ppm )
180 7 193 9 8 2 839 3 438 7 48 2 1 3 1 3 Mea n B D Amoun t(Z )
54. 9 55. 1 54. 2 47. 2 55. 5 66. 6 54. 7 66. 7 Mean

Averag e SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 Emissio n Factor s

Weighte d SOCM I
.00856 1 .00677 6 .12409 2 .00174 6 .06044 6 .00246 4 .00100 1 .33480 0 (Al l Value s i n

Correlatio n C i rv e (EPA )
.00355 0 .00163 8 .00825 3 .00387 2 .06373 2 .00015 0 .00018 6 .00005 9 lb/ h

C r/source ) correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )
.00310 1 .00160 5 .00821 0 . .00386 3 .06370 1 .00009 4 .00024 8 .00000 2

Componen tTyp e
Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Compresso r Numbe ro f Component s
1037 3 214 1 20 6 1 1 15 2 104 6 634 0 3 Mean Ra

w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
180 7 193 9 8 2 839 3 438 7 48 2 1 3 1 3 Mea n B D Amoun t(Z )
54. 9 55. 1 54. 2 47. 2 55. 5 66. 6 54. 7 66. 7 Tota l

Averag e SOCM

I
161.8188 0 26.3343 0 47.1946 0 .0407 0 16.5528 0 3.8702 0 11.6022 0 1.5066 0 Emission s (Al l

Weighte d SOCM

I
88.8020 5 14.5079 9 25.5629 8 0.0192 0 9.1877 8 2.5769 8 6.3493 4 1.0044 0 B D Pane l Value s i n lb/hr )

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
36.8265 3 3.5065 7 1.7000 3 0.0425 9 9.6872 8 0.1566 0 1.1786 1 0.0001 8 Estimate d Annua l Correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )
32.1639 0 3.4372 1 1.6913 3 0.0424 9 9.6825 7 0.0982 5 1.5754 1 0.0000 1 Emission s (Ton s B D Pane l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (Tons/Year )
133.834 0 14.302 2 7.037 6 0.176 8 40.289 2 0.4088 . 20.714 7 0.000 0 /Year ) 216.7634 8
Tota l annua l emission s base d o n astrea m facto ro f 95Z . Flang e emission s multiplie d b y 3.1 6 whic h assume s tha tth e numbe ro f flange s = 1. 6 time 6 th e nimibe ro f valveB .

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

0 0TABL E 5-11 . SUMMAR Y O F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIEN E FUGITIV

E EMISSION S FOR AL L PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FO

R COMPONENT S WIT H B D CONCENTRATION S BETWEE N90 % AND 100 %

Componen tTyp e
Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Component s
769 7 244 6 12 3 2 1 15 1 48 7 3 38 8 Mean Ra w Scree n OV

A Valu e (ppm )
128 5 68 4 182 9 13 9 163 0 24 8 16 0 Mean B D Amou n t(Z )
96. 7 97. 2 96. 6 96. 1 97. 3 90. 3 95. 1 Mean

Averag e SOCM I
.01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 Emissio n Factor s

Weighte d SOCM I
.01507 9 .01195 8 .22137 8 .00355 7 .10577 3 .00334 1 .00174 1 (Al l

C c Ct Value s i n rrelatio n rv e (EPA )
.00566 9 .00140 8 .08603 1 .00282 9 .07343 5 .00025 8 .00048 6 lb/hr / source )

Correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )
.00489 2 .00135 0 .08595 1 .00280 3 .07338 5 .00018 2 .00046 7

U i 1 4 > Componen t Typ e

Valv e (liquid ) Valv e (gas ) Safet y Valv e Sampl e Poin t Pum p Open-Ende d Lin e Flang e Numbe r o f Componen t 6

769 7 244 6 12 3 2 1 15 1 48 7 338 8 Mea n Ra wOV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )

128 5 68 4 182 9 13 9 163 0 24 8 16 0 Mea n B D

Amoun t (Z )

96. 7 97. 2 96. 6 96. 1 97. 3 90. 3 95. 1 To t

Averag e SOCM I

120.0732 0 30.0858 0 28.1793 0 0.0777 0 16.4439 0 1.8019 0 6.2000 4 a l Emission s (Al l

Weighte d SOCM I

116.0604 7 29.2482 4 27.2294 5 0.0747 0 15.9717 1 1.6272 6 5.8984 5 Value s i n lb/ h

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

43.6374 5 3.4450 0 10.5818 4 0.0594 1 11.0887 2 0.1255 6 1.6481 4 r )

Correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )

37.6574 7 3.3029 8 10.5719 7 0.0588 6 11.0811 5 0.0884 7 1.5835 2 B D Pane l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (Tons/Year ) B D Pane l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (Tons/Year )

156.692 8 13.743 7 43.990 0 0.244 9 46.108 7 0.368 1 31.561 3 292.7095 8
Tota l annua l emission s base d o n astrea m facto ro f 95Z . Flang e emission s multiplie d b y 4.7 9 whic h assume s tha tth e numbe ro f flange s = 1. 6 time s th e nmbe ro f valves . SOURCE: ' B

D PANE 1 FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 .

0 0P.8 2

5.3.1. 1 Screenin g Measurement s

The distributio no f ra w OV A screenin g value s fo r valve s inliqui d servic e fo r eac ho f the B D percentag e range s i s show ni nTable 5-1 2 an d illustrate d i nFigure 5-2 . • Th e rang e o f 0 t o 9 pp m represent s non-emittin g components , whil e component s wit hscreenin g value s >999 9 pp m are considere d t o b e leakers . Component s wit hscreenin g value s betwee n100 0 pp m an d 999 9 pp

m ar e referre d t o a s hig hemitters ; thos e wit hscreenin g value s betwee n10 0 an d 99 9 pp m ar e lo

w emitters ; an

d thos e component s wit hscreenin g value s betwee n 1 0 an d 9 9 pp

m ar e ver y

lo w emitters .

Fo r valve s i nliqui d service , ther e wer e 54 6 o r 2.35 % i nth e leake r category , u^

n additiona l 57 1 o r 2.61 % wer e i nthe hig hemitte r category . More tha n95 % o f th e valve s inliqui d servic e wer e i nth e lo w emitter , ver y

lo w emitter , o r non-emittin g category . Fo r thi s componen t typ e an d servic e category , the percentag e o f leaker s i s no t strongl y affecte d b

y B D concentration . Th e percentag e o f component s tha t are lo w an d hig hemitters , decrease s a s th e amoun t o f B D increases .

A s previousl y

show ni nTabl e 1-3, . th e origina l SOCM I databas e include d 6.5 % leakin g liqui d servic e valves . Th e leve l found i nthi s stud y wa s 2.35% , whic hrepresent s a reductio no f 63.8% .
5.3.1. 2 Emissio nEstimate s

Tabl e 5-1 3 show s the distributio no f emissio nfactor s an d tota l emission s fo r al l valve s i nliqui d servic e fo r eac hB D concentratio nrange . Th e increas e i

nemission s wit hincreasein g B D concentratio ni s evident . Th e reductio ninemissio nfactor s betwee nthe average SOCM I metho d an d the B D Pane l decrease s a s th e B D concentratio nrises . The mea nB D Pane l emissio n facto r estimat e fo r al l valve s i nliqui d servic e wa s 0.00314 0 lb/hr/source (se e Tabl e 5-7) , whic hi s a reductio no f 79.9 % fro m the averag e SOCM I emissio n facto r estimate .

5-2 5P.8 3

TABL E 5-12
.

Butadien e DISTRIBUTION O FRA W FO RVALVE S I N LIQUID
Numbe r < Concentratio n 0- 9 pp m
5 % t o 30% 30% t o 90% 90 % t o 100 % TOTA L

Butadien e 310 9

761 2 501 4 1573 5 DV A SCREE N 1 1 SERVIC E TO VALUE

S B Y

a f Component s i n Screenin g 1 1 0 t o 9 9 pp m
155 1 204 1 218 3 577 5

Percentag e o f Concentratio n 0- 9 pp m
5 % t o 30% 30% t o 90 % 90% t o 100 % 60.2 2 73.3 8 65.1 4 Weighte dAverag e 67.7 3 1 0 9 9
3 0 1 9 2 8 2 4 10 0 t o 99 9 pp m
21 8 20 3 18 5 60 6

Component s : t o pp m .0 4 .6 8 .3 6 .8 6 10 0

99 9
4 1 2 2 100 0 999 9

mS t o pp m
2 2 9 6 .4 0 6 1 18 3 24 1 14 7 57 1 7alu e t o pp m

creenin g B

D CONCENTRATIO

N

> Rang e >999 9 pp m

Va l 100 0 t o 10 2

27 6 16 8 54 6

u e Rang e 999 9 pp m
3
. 2
. 1
. 2
. 5 4 3 2 9 1 4 6 .

>999 9
1
. 2
. 2
. 2
. 9 8 6 6 1 8 3 5 TOTA L
516 3 1037 3 769 7 2323 3

pp m

SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-2 6P.8 4

67.73 % ^Ntaki^iti V " —2.35 %

" - : : -^S? » "2.46 % *.-:'.'•:-:': : /

2.61 %

' 24.86 % ..... .

!•&&$ & *y.'-::•: • < 1 0 pp m

1 0 •9 9 pp m
10 0 •99 9 pp m
1000 •999 9 pp m

> 999 9 pp m

Figur e 5-2 . Distributio n o f Ra w OV AScreenin g Value s fo r Valve s i n Liqui d Servic e
SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 , 5-2 7TABL E 5-13 . DLSTRIBUTUIO NO F EMISSION S B

Y BUTADIENE CONCENTRATIO NFOR AL L PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FOR VALVE S INLIQUI D SERVIC E

Butadien e Concentratio n
5 % t o 30 Z 30 Z t o 90 Z 90 Z t o 100 Z Numbe ro f Component s
516 3 1037 3 769 7 Mean Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
123 6 180 7 128 5 Mean B D Amoun t (X )
14. 2 57. 5 96. 6 Mean

Averag e SOCM I
.01560 0 .01560 0

. .01560 0 E

m issio n Factor s Weighte d SOCH I
.00223 1 .00856 1 .01507 9 (Al l Value s i n

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
.00070 1 .00355 0 .00566 9 lb/hr/source )

Correlatio n Curv e B D Pane l
.00060 8 .00310 1 .00489 2

t_ n I N J O O Butadien e Concen tra tio n
5 % t o 30 Z 30% t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % Numbe ro f

Componen ts
516 3 1037 3 769 7 M

e OV A Va l a n Ra

w Scree n u e (ppm )
123 6 180 7 128 5 Mean B

D Amoun t (% )
14. 2 57. 5 96. 6 To t

Averag e SOCM I
80.5428 0 161.8188 0 120.0732 0 B D Pane l a l Emission s

Weighte d SOCM I
11.5209 6 88.8020 5 116.0604 7 (Al l Value s I n

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
3.6200 6 36.8265 3 43.6374 5 lb/hr )

Correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )
3.1407 1 32.1639 0 37.6574 7 Tota l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (Tons/yr ) B D Panel 8 Annua l Emission s (tons/yr) -
13.068 5 133.834 0 156.692 8 303.5952 °

Tota l annua l emission s base d o n a strea m facto r o f 95% .

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1968 .P.8 6

5.3.1. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s

Tabl e 5-1 4 present s separat e emissio n factor s develope d fo r eac h o f the 1 3 plant s participating i n thi s study . Th e B D Pane l estimate d emissio n factor s var

yfro m0.00047 4 lb/hr/sourc e t o 0.00570 0 lb/hr/source . Thi s represent s a rati o o f 12.03 . Overall , the variabilit yamong plant s i s reflecte d b

ya relativ e standar d deviatio n o f 45.2% . I n general , th e dat a d o no t indicat e a widesprea d variatio n i n emission s betwee n plants . 5.3.1. 4 Summar

y
Overall , th e following conclusion s ca n b e draw

n abou t th e 23,23 3 valve s i n liqui d servic e include d i n thi s study :

• Th e percentag e o f leaking component s foun d i n thi s stud

yi s abou t 1/ 3 tha t foun d i n th e SOCM I study .

• Th e amoun t o f B D emitte d fro ma componen t i s a functio n o f the concentratio n o f B D i n the component ;

• Estimate d emissio n factor s var ylittl e fro

mplan t t o plant ; an d

• Presen t dat a show tha t the emissio n facto r estimate d i n th e presen t stud

yar e abou t 80 % lowe r tha n seen i

n the SOCM I study . 5.3. 2 Valve s i n Ga s Servic e

Ther e wer e 631 5 valve s in ga s servic e include d i n thi s study , representin g 14.49 % o f al l components .

5-2 9P.8 7

TABL E 5-14 . EMISSIO N FACTOR S FO RVALVE

S I N LIQUI D SERVICE FO REAC H PLAN T

Plan t Numbe r


### 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 Relativ e Std . Mea n Emissio n Averag e SOCM I
0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 0.01560 0 Dev . Factor s Usin g Weighte d SOCM I
0.00845 6 0.00688 4 0.01102 1 0.01093 8 0.00917 4 0.00967 8 0.01163 0 0.00382 7 0.00458 8 0.00649 3 0.00599 0 0.01082 0 0.00988 0 39.1 % the Metho d Liste d

COR R Curv e (EPA )
0.00360 8 0.00335 3 0.00372 3 0.00208 6 0.00421 1 0.00215 1 0.00535 9 0.00105 3 0.00589 6 0.00369 7 0.00077 9 0.00353 8 0.00385 2 45.3 % (lb/hr/source )

COR R Curv e (B D Panel )
0.00335 0 0.00299 0 0.00326 0 0.00208 6 0.00382 6 0.00211 6 0.00468 8 0.00085 9 0.00570 0 0.00336 2 0.00047 4 0.00290 3 0.00326 4 45.2 %

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-3 0P.8 8



### 5.3.2. 1 Screenin g Measurement s

The distributio n of

ra w OV A screenin g measurement s fo r valve s i n ga s servic e fo r

eac hof

th e B D concentratio n range s i s shown i n Tabl e 5-1 5 an d illustrate di n Figur e 5-3
. Ther e wer e 11 0 o r 1.74 % leakin g component s of thi s type . Abou t

2 % (12 7 valves ) wer e i n th e categor y o f high-emitters
. Almos t 96 % of th e ga s servic e valve s wer e i n th e low-emitter , very-low-emitte r o r non-emitte r

categories
. The number of leakin g valve s i n ga s servic e doe s no t appea r t o b e strongl y relate dt o B D concentration
. However , th e number of valve s i n ga s servic e i n th e high-emitte r an dlow-emitte r

categorie s appear s t o b e relate dt o th e amount of B D i n th e component . A s previousl y shown (Tabl e 1-3) , th e origina l SOCM I databas e include d11.4 % leakin g ga s servic e valves
. Th e 1.74 % o f leakin g component s foun di n thi s stud y represent s areductio n b y 84.7 % fro mth e historica l level
. 5.3.2. 2 Emissio n Estimate s

Tabl e 5-1 6 show s th e distributio n of emissio n factor s andtota l emission s fo r

al l valve s i n ga s servic e fo r eac hB D concentratio n range . The averag e emissio n factor s increas e tenfol dfro mth e 5%-30 % B D concentratio n rang e t o th e 30%-90% B D concentratio n range . However , a t th e >90

% B D range , a decreas e i n th e estimate dmea n emissio n facto r

i s observed
. The mea n B D Pane l emissio n facto r

fo r al l valve s i n ga s servic e wa s 0.00110 5 lb/hr/sourc e (se e Tabl e 5-7) , whic hi s areductio n of 91.02 % fro mth e averag e SOCM I emissio n factor
. 5.3.2. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s

Tabl e 5-1 7 presen t the separat e emissio n facto r estimate s develope d fo r eac h o f the 1 3 participating plants . Th e B D Pane l estimate d emissio n factor s var

yfro m0.00452 6 lb/hr/sourc e t o 0.00001 4 lb/hr/source . Overall , th e relativ e standard deviatio n fo r thes e dat a i s 84.3% , suggesting a high degre e o f variabilit yamong plants .

5-3 1P.8 9

TABL E 5-15 . DISTRIBUTIO NO F RA W OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S B Y B D COMPOSITIO NFO R VALVE S INGA S SERVIC E

Butadien e Concentratio n
5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % TOTA L

, Butadien e Concentratio n
5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % Numbe r

0- 9 pp m
105 9 134 5 185 6 426 0 o f Concentratio n

1 0 t o 9 9 pp m
53 2 62 7 48 5 164 4

Percentag e o f 0- 9 pp m
61.2 8 62.8 2 75.8 8 Weighte d Averag e 67.4 6 i n 10 0 t o 99 9 pp m
6 9 5 7 4 8 17 4 Screening Valu e Rang e

100 0 999 9

Concentratio n 1 0 t o 9 9 ]
3 0 2 9 1 9 2 6 3p m
.7 9 .2 9 .8 3 .0 3 10 0

99 9
3 2 . 1 2 t o pp m
9 9 6 6 9 6 7 6 4 9 5 2 2 6 12 7

i n S t o pp m >999 9

1 9 6 0 3 1 11 0

creening Va l 100 C 999 9
2 . 2 . 1 . 2 . t o pp m
8 4 4 3 0 6 0 1 pp

mTOTA

L
172 8 214 1 244 6 631 5

u e Rang e >999 9 pp

m
1.1 0 2.8 0 1.2 7 1.7 4

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-3 2P.9 0

67.46 1

26.03 * < 1 0 pp m
1 0 •9 9 pp m v{&*-^*i l 100-99 9 pp m ^H^^ H 1000-999

9 pp m [ *..V-%» | > " " PP m

Figur e 5-3 . Distributio n o f Ra w OV AScreenin g Value s fo r Valve s i n Ga s Service . SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 . 5-3 3TABL E 5-16 . DISTRIBUTIO NO F EMISSION S B

Y BUTADIENE CONCENTRATIO NFO R AL L PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FO

R VALVE INGA S SERVIC E

Butadien e Concentratio n

5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % Numbe r of Component s

172 8 214 1 244 6 Mea nRa w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )

68 2 193 9 68 4 Mea nB D

Amoun t (% )

14. 0 55. 1 97. 2 Mea nE m Averag e SOCM I

.00123 0 .00123 0 .00123 0 issio n Factor s

Weighte d SOCM I

.00171 9 .00677 9 .01195 8 (Al l Value s i nlb/hr/source )

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

.00014 6 .00163 8 .00140 8 Correlatio nCur v

(BD Panel )

.00013 8 .00160 5 .00135 0

U l I •cButadien e

Concentratio n

5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % Numbe r o f

Component s

172 8 214 1 244 6 Mea nRaw

OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
68 2 193 9 68 4 Mea nB D

Amoun t (% )

14. 0 55. 1 97. 2 To

t Averag e SOCM I

21.2544 0 26.3343 0 30.0858 0 B D Pane l a

l Emission s Weighte d SOCM I

2.9699 9 14.5079 9 29.2482 4 (Al l Value s I n

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

0.2528 1 3.5065 7 3.4450 0 lb/hr )

Correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )

0.2392 2 3.4372 1 3.3029 8 Tota l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (Tons/yr )

...••••-...-..—i . • • . • •.— . . . — . . . *

— - • • - -.— — B D Panel 8 Annua l Emission s (tons/yr )

0.995 4 14.302 2 13.743 7 29.0413 °

Tota l annua l emission s base d o na 6trea m facto r o f 95% .

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 .

* • c oP.9 2

TABL E 5-17
. EMISSION FACTOR S FO RVALVE S I N GA S SERVIC

E FO REAC H PLAN T

Plan t Numbe r
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 Mea

n Emissio n Averag e SOCM I
0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 0.01230 0 Relativ e Std.Dev
. Factor s Usin g Weighte d SOCM I
0.00825 8 0.00426 5 0.00853 3 0.00945 6 0.00883 8 0.00804 5 0.00763 3 0.00290 4 0.00543 0 0.00499 9 0.00525 8 0.00757 5 0.00773 9 28.4 % th e Metho dListe d

COR RCurv e (EPA )
0.00169 6 0.00085 5 0.00102 9 0.00102 9 0.00099 4 0.00048 8 0.00090 2 0.00216 7 0.00454 7 0.00370 3 0.00004 0 0.00099 4 0.00098 7 82.5 % (lb/hr/source )

COR RCurv e (BD Panel )
0.00166 5 0.00083 7 0.00099 1 0.00102 9 0.00095 2 0.00045 5 0.00086 0 0.00215 6 0.00452 6 0.00367 8 0.00001 4 0.00095 4 0.00094 3 84.3 %

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988
.

5-3 5P.9 3

5.3.2. 4 Summar

y
Base d o n dat a fro

mthe 631 5 valve s i n ga s servic e include d i n thi s study , the following overal l conclusion s can b e drawn :

• Th e amoun t o f B D emitte d fro ma ga s servic e valv e usuall y varie s wit h th e B D concentratio n in the valve ;

• Th e variabilit yi n emissio n factors * among plant s i s highe r tha n fo r valve s i n liqui d servic e bu t i s stil l relativel ylow ; an d

• Curren t dat a show tha t th e emissio n facto r estimate d i n th e presen t stud

yfo r valve s i n ga s servic e i s abou t 91 % time s lowe r than th e averag e SOCM I emissio n facto r estimate .

• Th e percentag e o f leaking valve s i n ga s servic e i s 85 % lowe r tha n seen i n th e SOCM I study . 5.3. 3 Flange s

Ther e wer e 11,42 8 flange s include d i n thi s study , whic h amount s t o abou t 26 % o f the tota l component s studied . Th e protoco l require d tha t onl ya smal l percentag e o f the flange s i n eac h plan t b e tested . Th e formul a use d fo r determining the minimun numbe r o f flange s t o b e teste d was :

n = N(l-0.05)**(50/n )
where : N=.tota l numbe r o f flange s i n the teste d area ; an d n = th e numbe r o f flange s t o b e tested .
A s the tota l numbe r o f flange s presen t i n the are a increases , thi s serie s converge s t o a maximu mo f abou t 15 0 flange s t o b e tested . Fo r the purpose s o f estimating tota l plant-wid e emissions , the numbe r o f flange s in a plan t wa s assume d t o b e 1. 6 time s (Re f 1 ) th e numbe r o f valve s (liqui d an d ga s service )

5-3 6P.9 4

whe n th e actua l numbe r o f flange s wa s no t known . Wher e the numbe r o f flange s wa s knVown , the actua l numbe r wa s used . 5.3.3. 1 Screening Measurement s

Tabl e 5-1 8 an

d Figur e 5- 4 show the distributio n o f ra w OV Ascreening value s fo r flange s fo r eac h o f th e B D ranges . Th e numbe r o f leaking flange s wa s onl y13 , o r 0.11% . Thi s represent s a reductio n o f 94.8 % fro mthe 2.1 % leaker s foun

d durin g the SOCM I study . High emitter s constitute d anothe r 22 , o r 0.19% . Non-emitters , verylow emitters , an d low emitter s constitute d 99.8 % o f al l flanges . Th e relatio n betwee n the numbe r o f flange s in a n OV Arang e an d th e amoun t o f B D presen t i s no t clear .
5.3.3. 2 Emissio n Estimate s

Tabl e 5-1 9 show s th e distributio n o f mea n emissio n factor s an d tota l emission s fo r flanges . Th e dat a i n Tabl e 5-1 9 show tha t the mea n emissio n facto r fo r flange s i s influence d b yth e concentratio n o f B D i n th e flang e sinc e the mea n rat e varie s fro m0.00020 6 lb/hr/sourc e i n th e 5%-30 % B D concentratio n rang e t o 0.00024 8 lb/hr/sourc e fo r th e 30%-90 % B D concentratio n rang e t o 0.00046 7 lb/hr/sourc e fo r the flange s containing >90 % BD . Th e B D Pane l estimate d mean emissio n facto r fo r al l flange s wa s 0.00030 7 lb/hr/sourc e (se e Tabl e 5-7) , whic h i s 83.22 % lowe r tha n the averag e SOCM I emissio n factor . Th e estimate d annua l emission s ar e determine d b ymultiplyin g the ra w dat a b

y a facto r o f 4.1 4 t o accoun t fo r the rati o o f existing t o teste d flanges , assuming tha t ther e ar e 1. 6 time s a s man yflange s a s valve s (liqui d an d ga s service ) (Ref . 1) . 5.3.3. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s

Th e estimate d emissio n factor s fo r flange s in eac h participatin g plan t ar e show

n i n Tabl e 5-20 . Th e B D Pane l emissio n factor s var yfro m 0.00017 9 lb/hr/sourc e t o 0.00190 1 lb/hr/source , whic h correspond s t o a rati o o f 10.6 . Th e dat a als o sho w widesprea d variabilit yin the mean emissio n facto r fo r flange s among th e plants . 5-3 7P.9 5

TABL E 5-18 . DISTRIBUTIO NO F RA W OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S B Y B D CONCENTRATIO NFO R FLANGE S

Butadien e Concentratio n
5 % T O 30 % 30 % T O 90 % 90 % T O 100 % TOTA L Numbe r

0- 9 pp m
147 2 599 3 322 1 1068 6 o f Concentratio n i n

1 0 t o 9 9 pp m


### 21 3 31 4 14 5 67 2 10 0 t o

99 9 pp m 

### 6 1 8 1 1 3 5 Screening Va l

100 0 t o 999 9 pp m


### 7 1 1 

### 4 2 2 u e Rang e >999 9 pp

m


### 2 4 7 1 3 TOTA

L
170 0 634 0 338 8 1142 8



### B i itadiene Concen t


### 5 % 

### 30 % 90 % T O T O T O ratio n


### 30 % 90 % 100 % WEIGHTE D AVERAG E Percent a



### 0- 9
8 6 

### 94 . 9 5 9 3 

### pp m
5 9 5 3 0 7 5 1 

### g e o f Concentratio n i n 

### 1 0 9 9
1 2 

### 4 4 5 t o 

### pp m
5 3 9 5 

### .2 8 8 8 

### 10 0

99 9
0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . t o 

### pp m 3 5 2 8 3 2 3 1 Screenin g Valu e

100 0 999 9


### 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . t o 

### pp m
4 1 1 7 1 2 1 9 Rang e >999 9 pp

m 

### 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 1 2 0 6 2 1 1 1

SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R 1988 .

5-3 8P.9 6

.19 % < 1 0 pp m
1 0 - 9 9 pp m
10 0 - 99 9 pp m
1000-999 9 pp m
1 » . v . » K ' \ ; '»'»' ' > 999 9 pp m

93.5 U

Figur e 5-4 . Distributio n o f Raw OV Ascreenin g Value s fo r Flange s SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 . 5-3 9U l

I •p o TABL E 5-19 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F EMISSION S B

Y BUTADIEN E CONCENTRATIO N FO RAL L PLANTS : EMISSIO N ESTIMATE S FORFLANGE S

Butadien

e Concentratio

n
5 % t o 30 % 30 % to 90 % 90 % to 100 % Numbe r o f Component s
170 0 634 0 338 8 Mea

n Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (PP» )
3 6 1 3 16 0 Mea

nB D Amoun t (% )
16. 4 54. 7 95. 1 Mea

n E m Average SOCM I
.00183 0 .00183 0 .00183 0 issio

n Factor s Weighte d SOCM I
.00029 9 .00100 1 .00174 1 (Al l Value s i n lb/hr/source ) Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.00006 4 .00018 6 .00048 6 Correlatio n Cur v (B D Panel )
.00020 6 .00024 8 .00046 7

Butadien

e Concentratio

n
5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % to 100 % Numbe r o f Component s
170 0 634 0 338 8 Mea

nRa w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
3 6 1 3 16 0 Mea

n B D Amoun t (% )
16. 4 54. 7 95. 1 Tota l

Averag e SOCMI
3.1110 0 11.6022 0 6.2000 4 BD Pane l Emission s

Weighte d SOCM I
.5089 1 6.3493 4 5.8984 5 (Al l Value s I n Correlatio

n Curv e (EPA )
.1086 4 1.1786 1 1.6481 4 lb/hr )

Correlatio

n Curv e (B D Panel )
.3509 4 1.5754 1 1.5835 2 Tota l Estimate

d Annua l Emission s (Tons/yr ) BD Panel 8 Annua l Emission s (tons/yr )
6.0455 ^ 27.1389 7 27.278 5 60.4629 * Al l emissio n value s multiplie d b y 4.1 4 whic h assume s tha tth e numbe ro f flange s = 1. 6 time s th e numbe ro f valves . Tota l annua l emission s base d o n astrea m facto ro f 95 %

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

. SUMME R1988 .P.9 8

TABL E 5-20 . EMISSIO N FACTOR S FO RFLANGE

S FO REAC H PLAN T

Plan t Numbe r


### 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 Relativ e Std . Mea n Emissio n Averag e SOCM I
0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 0.00183 0 Dev . Factor s Usin g Weighte d SOCM I
0.00094 9 0.00097 3 0.00125 4 0.00105 9 0.00097 9 0.00126 4 0.00055 5 0.00060 4 0.00079 3 0.00046 8 0.00123 2 0.00110 6 29.5 % th e Metho d Liste d

COR R Curv e (EPA )
0.00184 1 0.00041 6 0.00056 3 0.00109 3 0.00105 7 0.00021 1 0.00015 4 0.00022 6 0.00026 1 0.00005 5 0.00014 1 0.00019 1 104.7 % (lb/hr/source )

COR R Curv e (B D Panel )
0.00190 1 0.00046 7 0.00059 4 0.00113 5 0.00111 7 0.00023 9 0.00026 8 0.00032 7 0.00034 6 0.00017 9 0.00017 9 0.00024 4 91.4 %

SOURCE : BD PANE

L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-4 1P.9 9

5.3.3. 4 Summary

Base d o nthe 11,42 8 flange s reporte d inthi s study , th e followin g conclusion s canb e drawn :

• Th e rat e o f B D leakag e fro m flange s depend s o n th e concentratio no f B D i nthe flange ;

• The percentag e o f leakin g an d high-emittin g flange s i s muc h smalle r tha nthe correspondin g percentag e o f leakin g an d high emittin g valves ;

• Mea nemissio nfactor s var y considerabl y

amon g plants ; an d

• Curren t dat a sho w tha t the emissio nfacto r fo r flange s estimate d i nth e presen t stud y i s abou t 83 % lowe r tha ntha t estimate d b

y th e SOCM I study .
5.3. 4 Open-Ende d Line s

Ther e wer e 1,74 4 open-ende d line s include d i nthi s study , correspondin g t o 4.0 % o f al l component s tested . Th e B D pane l samplin g protoco l specificall y exclude d testin g open-ende d line s tha t wer e cappe d o r blin d flanged .
5.3.4. 1 Screenin g Measurement s

Th e distributio no f ra w OV A screenin g value s fo r open-ende d line s a s a functio no f B D compositio ni s show ni nTable 5-2 1 an d illustrate d i nFigure 5-5 . Eleve n(0.63% ) o f thes e wer e leakers , whil e 5 (0.29% ) wer e hig h emitters . More tha n99 % o f the open-ende d line s wer e eithe r non-leakers , ver y lo w emitters , o r lo

w emitters . Th e effect s o f B D concentratio nonscreenin g value s i s no t clear . The 0.63 % leaker s represent s a reductio no f 83.8 % fro m the 3.9 % leakin g open-ende d line s found durin g th e SOCM I study.

5-4 2P. 1

TABL E 5-21 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN G VALUE S B Y B D CONCENTRATIO N FO R OPEN-ENDE D LINE S

Butadien e Concentratio n
5 % T O 30 % 30 % T O 90 % 90 % T O 100 % TOTA L Numbe r

0- 9 pp m
19 4 102 7 47 1 169 2 o f Component s i n Screening Valu e

1 0 t o 9 9 pp m
8 1 1 1 2 

### 3 1 10 0 t o

99 9 pp m
3 1 1 

### 5 100 0 t o

999 9 pp m
3 2 0 

### 5 Rang e

>999 9
3 5 3 

### 1 1 

### pp m TOTA

L
21 1 104 6 48 7 174 4

Butadien e Concentratio n Percentag e o f Component s i n Screenin g Valu e Rang e 0- 9 pp m 1 0 t o 9 9 pp m 10 0 t o 99 9 pp m 100 0 t o 999 9 pp m >999 9 pp

m
5 % T O 30 % 30 % T O 90 % 90 % T O 100 % 91.9 4 98.1 8 96.7 1 3.7 9

1.0 5 2.4 6 1.4 2

0.1 0 0.2 1 1.4 2

0.1 9 0.0 0 1.4 2

0.4 8 0.6 2 Weighte d Averag e 97.0 2 1.7 8 0.2 9 0.2 9 0.6 3

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-4 3P. 2

\



### . _ .L„ . •63•^ ^ 

## &fcitai^—.29 % -^-v-x-r- j "*"••*• . 2 9

% ^ ^ y "^^* " 1.78 % B B ^ < 1 0 pp m
10-9 9 pp m
100-99 9 pp m
1000-999 9 pp m

> 999 9 ppff l

97.02 %

Figur e 5-5 . Distributio nof Ra w OV A Screenin

g Vlaue s fo

r Open-Ende

d Line s SOURCE : B D PANE

L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 .
5-4 4P. 3

5.3.4. 2 Emissio nEstimate s

Tabl e 5-2 2 present s mea nemissio nfactor s an d tota l emission s fo r open-ende d line s fo r eac hB D percentag e range . Whil e a discernibl e trend i s indicated , th e variatio no f emissio nfactor s wit hB D concentratio ni s no t clear . Th e overal l mea nemissio nfacto r fo r al l open-ende d line s wa s 0.00012 0 lb/hr/source (se e Tabl e 5-7) , whic hi s 96.76 % time s lowe r tha nthe averag e SOCM I emissio nfactor .
5.3.4. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s

Tabl e 5-2 3 show s th e separat e emissio nfactor s develope d fo r open ende d line s fo r eac hplant . Not e tha t seve n(mor e tha nhalf ) o f th e plant s di d no t repor t an y dat a fo r open-ende d lines . Whil e mos t plant s gave n o explici t explanation , some indicate d tha t compan y polic y

require d tha t al l open-ende d line s b e cappe d o r otherwis e plugge d whe nno t i nuse . Cappe d o r plugge d open-ende d line s wer e specificall y exempte d fro

m the screenin g protocol .
The dat a fo r open-ende d line s varie d considerably . The mea n emissio nfacto r varie d fro m 0.00000 2 lb/hr/sourc e t o 0.00434 1 lb/hr/source . Suc hwid e variabilit y i s als o show

nb y th e 118 % relativ e standar d deviatio n i n thes e data .
5.3.4. 4 Summary

• Th e relatio nbetwee nth e numbe r o f component s i na give n screenin g valu e rang e an d B D concentratio ni s no t clear ;

• The relatio nbetwee nmea nemissio nfactor s an d B D concentratio n i s no t clear ;

• Th e percentag e o f leakin g an d high-emittin g open-ende d line s i s ver y smal l compare d wit hvalves ;

5-4 5TABL E 5-22 . DISTRIBUTIO NO F EMISSION S B

Y BUTADIEN E CONCENTRATIONFO R AL L PARTICIPATIN G PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FOR OPE NENDE D LINE S

Butadien e Concentratio n

5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % Numbe r of Component s

21 1 104 6 48 7 Mea n Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )

60 4 48 2 24 8 Hea n B D

Amoun t (% )

23. 0 66. 6 90. 3 Mea nE m Averag e SOCM I
.00370 0 .00370 0

. .00170 0 issio n Factor s

Weighte d SOCH I
.00085 2 .00246 4 .00334 1 (Al l Value s i nlb/hr /

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

.00012 2 .00015 0 .00025 8 C

o source ) rrelatio n Cur v (BD Panel )

.00010 5 .00009 4 .00018 2

U l I .po* > Butadien e Concen t rat io

n

5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % Numbe r o f Component s

21 1 104 6 48 7 Mea nRa w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )

60 4 48 2 24 8 Mea nB D

Amoun t (% )

23. 0 66. 6 90. 3 Tota l

Averag e SOCH I

.7807 0 3.8702 0 1.8019 0 Emission s

Weighte d SOCM I
.1796 7 2.5769 8 1.6272 6 (Al l Value s I n

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )

.0257 7 .1566 0 .1255 6 lb/hr )

Correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )

.0221 8 .0982 5 .0884 7 B D Panel 8

Annua l Emission s (tons/yr )

0.092 3 0.408 8 0.368 1 B D Pane l Tota l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (Tons/yr ) 0.869 2
Tota l annua l emission s base d o n a*- • • ear n facto ro f

95% .

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 .

j* .JP^STABL E 5-23 . EMISSIO N FACTOR S FOR OPEN-ENDE D LINE S FOR

Mea n Emissio n Factor s Usin g Plan t Numbe r


### 1 5 7 8 1 0 1 2 Relativ e Std . Dev . Averag e SOCM I
0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 Weighte d

SOCM I
0.00122 7 0.00245 7 0.00322 2 0.00199 8 0.00188 7 0.00255 0 30.6 % the Metho d Liste d

COR R Curv e (EPA )
0.00150 1 0.00032 1 0.00440 2 0.00004 8 0.00309 9 0.00008 9 115.0 % EAC H PLAN T (lb/hr/source ) COR R Curv e (B D Panel )
0.00148 7 0.00029 1 0.00434 1 0.00000 2 0.00307 2 0.00003 1 117.8 %

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-4 7P. 6

• Mea n emissio nfactor s amon g plant s varie d considerably ;

• Curren t dat a sho w tha t th e emissio nfactor s fo r open-ende d line s see ni nthe presen t stud y ar e almos t 97 % lowe r tha n th e SOCM I emissio nfactors ; an d

• Th e percentag e o f leakin g open-ende d line s i s 84 % lowe r tha n see ni nth e SOCM I study.

5.3. 5 Pump s

There wer e 37 6 pump s reporte d i nthi s study . Thi s constitute s 0.86 % o f the tota l numbe r o f components .
5.3.5. 1 Screenin g Measurement s

Table 5-2 4 an

d Figure 5- 6 sho

w th e distributio no f ra w OV A screenin g value s and B D concentratio nfo r pumps . Twenty-nine , o r 7.71% , o f thes e pump s wer e leakers , whil e 34 , o r 9.04% , wer e high-emittin g pumps . A nadditiona l 23 , o r 6.12% , wer e i nth e categor y o f lo w emitters , whil e 116 , o r 30.85% , o f th e pump s wer e ver y

lo w emitters . Onl y

174 , o r 46.28% , o f al l pump s wer e non leakers . The relatio nbetwee nscreenin g valu e and B D concentratio n i s unclear . The 7.71 % leakin g pump s represent s a 12.4 % reductio nfro m th e 8.8 % o f leakin g component s found i nthe SOCM I study.

5.3.5. 2 Emissio nEstimate s

Table 5-2 5 give s th e distributio no f mea nemissio nfactor s an d tota l emission s fo r pumps . These dat a clearl y sho w anincreas e i nemissio nfactor s wit hB D concentration . The overal l mea nemissio nfacto r fo r al l pump s wa s 0.05633 9 lb/hr/sourc e (se e Table 5-7) , whic hi s 48.27 % lowe r tha nth e averag e SOCM I factor .

5-4 8P. 7

TABL E 5-24 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YBD CONCENTRATIO

N FO R PUMP S



### Bu 1 radien e Concentratio

n


### 5 % 30 % 90 % T O T O T O 30 % 90 % 100 % TOTA L Numbe r

0- 9 pp m


### 3 2 8 3 5 9 17 4 o

f Component s i

nSe r 1 0 t o 9 9 pp m


### 2 6 3 2 5 8 11 6 10 0 t o

99 9 pp m


### 6 7 1 0 2 3 eenin

g 100 0 999 9


### 7 1 4 13 3 4 Value 

### t o pp m Rang e >999 9


### 2 1 6 11 2 9 pp m TOTA

L


### 7 3 15 2 151 37 6

Butadiene Concentratio

n Percentage o f Component s i

nScreenin

g Value Range 1 0 t o 10 0 t o 100 0 t o 0- 9 pp m 1 0 t o 9 9 pp m 10 0 t o 99 9 pp m 100 0 t o 999 9 pp m >999 9 pp

m
5 % TO 30 % 30 % T O 90 % 90 % TO 100 % 43.8 4 54.6 1 39.0 7 35.6 2

21.0 5 38.4 1 8.2 2

4.6 1 6.6 2 9.5 9

9.2 1 8.6 1 2.7 4

10.5 3 7.2 8 Weighte d Averag e 46.2 8 30.8 5 6.1 2 9.0 4 7.7 1

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-4 9P. 8

46.28 Z

30.85 Z

6.12 Z < 1 0 pp m 1 0 -9 9 pp m 10 0 -99 9 pp m 1000-9999 pp

m

> 999 9 pp

m

7.71 Z 9.04 Z

Figur e 5-6 . Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s for Pumps SOURCE : B D PANE

L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-5 0TABL E 5-25 . DISTRIBUTIONO F EMISSION S BY BUTADIEN E CONCENTRATIO NFO R AL L PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FO R PUMP S

Butadien e Concentratio n Numbe r o f Component s Hea nRa w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppn ) Mea nB D

Amoun t (% ) Mea nEmissio nFactor s (Al l Value s i nlb/hr/source ) Averag e Weighte d Correlatio nCorrelatio nCurv e SOCM I SOCM I Curv e (EPA ) (BD Panel )

5 % t o 30 % 30 Z t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % 7 3 15 2 15 1 212 7

438 7 163 0 13. 9

55. 5 97. 1 .10890 0

.10890 0 .10890 0 .01513 6

.06044 6 .10577 3 .00575 4

.06373 2 .07343 5 .00574 7 .06370 1 .07338 5

I Butadien e Concentratio n
5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 Z t o 100 %

Tota l annua l Numbe ro f

Component s
7 3 15 2 15 1

emission s bas e Mea n Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
212 7 438 7 163 0

d o n astrea m Mea n B D Amoun t (% )
13. 9 55. 5 97. 1

facto ro f Tota l

Averag e SOCM I
7.9497 0 16.5528 0 16.4439 0
B D Pane l
95% . Emission s

Weighte d SOCM I
1.1049 0 9.1877 8 15.9717 1 Tota l Estima t (Al l Value s I n

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
0.4200 1 9.6872 8 11.0887 2
e d Annua l Emi s lb/hr )

Correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )
0.4195 5 9.6825 7 11.0811 5 sion s (Tons/yr ) B D Panel 8 Annua l Emission s (tons/yr )
1.745 7 40.289 2 46.108 7 88.1436 "

SOURCE : BD PANE

L FUGITIV E HUSSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 .

* 0 COP.1 0

5.3.5. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s

Separate emissio nestimate s fo r eac hparticipatin g plan t ar e give n i nTabl e 5-26 . The rate s var y fro m 0.00013 5 lb/hr/sourc e t o 0.13940 0 lb/hr/source , representin g a rati o o f 103 3 betwee nthe highes t an d lowes t rates . Th e variabilit y amon g plan t emissio nfactor s i s quit e high .
5.3.5. 4 Summary

The dat a fo r th e 37 6 pump s include d i nthi s stud y suppor t th e followin g conclusions :

• Th e percentag e o f leakin g an d high-emittin g pump s i s highe r thanfo r al l othe r componen t types ;

• Th e emissio nfactor s fo r pump s ar e a functio no f B D concentratio ni nth e pump ;

• Th e emissio nfacto r develope d fro m thi s stud

y i s 48 % lowe r tha n the average SOCM I emissio nfactor ; an d

• Emissio nfactor s var y considerabl y

amon g plants .
5.3. 6 Safet y

Valve s
Ther e wer e 42 8 safet y valve s reporte d i nthi s study , o r 0.98 % o f th e components . Th e protoco l specificall y exclude d al l safet y valve s tha t vente d t o a commo nheade r leadin g t o a pollutio ncontro l device .

5-5 2P.1 1

TABL E 5-26
. EMISSION FACTOR S FO RPUMP S FO REAC H PLAN T

Plan t Numbe r
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 2 1 3 Relativ e Std
. Mea n Emissio n Averag e SOCM I
0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 0.10890 0 Dev
. Factor s Usin g Weighte d SOCM I
0.07017 6 0.05128 7 0.07514 1 0.08206 7 0.07059 3 0.06845 1 0.07826 2 0.04029 8 0.04842 4 0.05553 9 0.07719 8 0.06725 3 20.4 % th e Metho dListe d

COR RCurv e (EPA )
0.04617 6 0.04079 2 0.00140 9 0.13940 0 0.00016 8 0.00436 5 0.11166 0 0.07725 5 0.00017 7 0.08189 2 0.04741 5 0.02786 0 95.9 % (lb/hr/source )

COR RCurv e (BD Panel )
0.04617 3 0.04076 4 0.00139 8 0.13940 0 0.00013 5 0.00436 5 0.11161 3 0.07724 0 0.00016 5 0.08185 7 0.04736 6 0.02781 3 96.0 %

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988
.

5-5 3P.1 2

5.3.6. 1 Screenin g Measurement s

The distributio no f ra w OV A screenin g value s fo r eac hB D concentratio nrang e fo r safet y valve s i nshow

ni nTable 5-2 7 an d illustrate d i nFigur e 5-7 . Si xcomponent s comprisin g 1.40 % o f al l safet y valve s teste d wer e found t o b e leaking . Thi s represent s a 61.1 % reductio nfro m th e 3.6 % o f leakin g component s foun d i nth e SOCM I study . Two valve s (0.47% ) wer e high emitters . Almos t 98 % o f al l safet y valve s wer e eithe r non-emitters , ver y lo w emitters , o r lo

w emitters . The effect s o f B D concentratio no nth e numbe r o f component s i neac hscreenin g valu e rang e ar e no t evident . 5.3.6. 2 Emissio n Estimate s

Tabl e 5-2 8 show s th e mea n emissio n factor s an d tota l emission s fo r safet y valves . Th e mea n emissio n factor s fo rth e 5%-30% B D an d 30%-90 % B

D range s ar e almos tidentical , whil e th e facto rfo rth e >90 % B D rang e i s mor e tha n 1 0 time s higher . Th e B D Pane l mea

n emissio n facto rfo ral l safet y valve s wa s 0.02996 0 lb/hr/sourc e (se e Tabl e 5-7) , whic h i s 86.9 % lowe rtha n th e averag e SOCM

I emissio n factor . 5.3.6. 3 Plant-Specifi c Analyse s

Tabl e 5-2 9 show s th e separat e mean emissio n factor s develope d fo r safet y valve s fo reac h plant . Th e mea n value s rang e fro m 0.00000 5 lb/hr/sourc e t o 0.10245 3 lb/hr/source . Wid e variabilit y i n emissio n factor s i s als o eviden ti n th e table , a s show n b y th e 226.6 % relativ e standar d deviatio n i n th e data .

5-5 4P.1 3

TABL E 5-27 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YB D CONCENTRAITO

N FO R SAFET YVALVE S

Butadiene Concentratio

n
5 % TO 30 % 30 % TO 90 % 90 % TO 100 % TOTAL . Numbe r

0- 9 pp m
6 7 18 2 11 9 36 8 o

f Component s i

n 1 0 t o 9 9 pp m
2 6 1 7 1 . 4 4 10 0 t o

99 9 pp a
4 4 0 8 Screenin

g Va l 100 0 to 999 9 pp m
0 2 0 2 u e Range >999 9 pp

m
2 1 3 6 TOTA

L
9 9 20 6 12 3 42 8

Butadiene Concentratio

n Percentage of Component s inScreenin g Value Rang e 1 0 t o 10 0 t o 100 0 t o 0- 9 pp m 9 9 pp

m 99 9 pp

m 999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m
5 % T O 30 % 30 % TO 90 % 90 % T O 100 % 67.6 8 88.3 5 96.7 5 26.2 6

8.2 5 0.8 1 .4.0 4

1.9 4 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.9 7 0.0 0 2.0 2

0.4 9 2.4 4 Weighte d Averag e 85.9 8 10.2 8 1.8 7 0.4 7 1.4 0

SOURCE : BD PANE

L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-5 5P.1 4

< 1 0 pp m J 10-9 9 pp

m vM$ffl «»-999ppm
1000-999 9 pp m
i ^VjVJ > 9999pp

m

Figur e 5-7 . Distributio n o f Ra w OV A Screenin g Value s fo rSafet y Valves , SOURCE: B

D PANE L FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-5 6TABL E 5-28 . DISTRIBUTIO NO F EMISSION S B

Y BUTADIENE CONCENTRATIONFO R AL L PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FO R SAFETY VALVE S

Butadien e Concentratio n Numbe r o f Component e Mea nRa w OV A Scree n Valu e (PP" ) Mea nB D Mea nEmissio nFactor s (Al l Value s i nlb/hr/source )

Amoun t Averag e Weighte d Correlatio nCorrelatio nCurv e (% ) SOCM I SOCM I Curv e (EPA ) (B D Panel )

5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % 9 9 20 6 12 3 203 1

8 2 182 9 12. 5

54. 2 96. 6 .22910 0

.22910 0 .22910 0 .02856 1

.12409 2 .22137 8 .00566 1

.00825 3 .08603 1 .00565 3 .00821 0 .08595 1

O i I O i ^ 4 Butadien e Concentratio n
5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % Numbe ro f

Component s
9 9 20 6 12 3 Mea n Ra w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
203 1 8 2 182 9 Mea n B D Amoun t (% )
12. 5 54. 2 96. 6 To t

Averag e SOCM I
22.6809 0 47.1946 0 28.1793 0 B D Pane l a l Emission s

Weighte d SOCM I
2.8275 5 25.5629 8 27.2294 5 (Al l Value s I n

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA )
0.5604 8 1.7000 3 10.5818 4 lb/hr )

Correlatio n Curv e (B D Panel )
0.5596 9 1.6913 3 10.5719 7 Tota l Estimate d Annua l Emission s (Tons/yr ) BD Pane l Annua l Emission s (tons/yr )
2.328 9 7.037 6 43.990 0 53.3565 ®

Tota l annua l emission s base d o n a strea m facto r o f 95% .

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E HUSSION S STUDY . SUMME R 1988 .

* 0P.1 6

TABL E 5-29 . EMISSIO NFACTOR S FO

R SAFETY VALVE S FO

R EAC H PLAN

T

Plan t Numbe r
1 2 3 5 6 8 9 1 0 1 2 1 3 Relativ e Std
. Mea n Emissio n

Dev
.

• i • Averag e SOCM I
0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 0.22910 0 Factor s Usin g

Weighte d SOCM I
0.05192 9 0.09865 6 0.10309 5 0.13746 0 0.19244 4 0.08570 9 0.04429 3 0.07846 7 0.13773 8 0.14404 5 42.6 % th e Metho dListe d

COR RCurv e (EPA )
0.00004 1 0.10248 2 0.00013 9 0.00005 3 0.00008 2 0.00324 7 0.00002 7 0.00012 6 0.00032 7 0.04104 3 226.1 % (lb/hr/source )

COR RCurv e (BD Panel )
0.00003 8 0.10245 4 0.00012 9 0.00000 5 0.00002 3 0.00322 1 0.00001 2 0.00010 2 0.00027 7 0.04099 1 226.6 %

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-5 8P.1 7



### 5.3.6. 4 Summary

Conclusion s draw

nfro m th e 42 8 safet y

valv e dat a point s ar e a s follows :

• Th e relatio nbetwee nB D concentratio nan demissio n characteristic s (bot hth e numbe r an dseverit y

o f emitters ) i s no t clear ;

• Emission s var y

considerabl y

amon g plants ; >


### • Curren t dat a sho w tha t emissio nfacto r fo r safet y valve s see n i nth e presen t stud

y i s 87 % lowe r tha nth e SOCM I factor ; an d

• Th e percentag e o f leakin g safet y valve s i s 61 % lowe r i nthe curren t stud

y tha nfoundi nth e SOCM I study . 5.3. 7 Sampl e Point s

Fort y sampl e point s wer e reporte di nthi s study . Sinc e i nevery cas e testin g wa s performe dwhil e the sampl e poin t wa s inoperative , thes e component s wer e compare dwit hopen-ende dlines . Th e smal l numbe r o f component s correspond s t o onl y 0.09 % o f the tota l component s studied . Tabl e 5-3 0 an dFigur e 5- 8 sho

w th e distributio no f ra w OV A screenin g value s fo r sampl e point s i neac hB D concentratio nrange . Tabl e 5-3 1 show s th e mea n emissio nfactor s an

dtota l emission s correspondin g t o sampl e points . Tabl e 5-3 2 indicate s tha t dat a wer e receive dfro m fou r plant s andtha t a substantia l sprea di nemissio nfactor s occurre damon g the plants . Overall , dat a ar e insufficien t t o full y evaluat e th e emissio ncharacteristic s o f sampl e points .

5-5 9P.1 8

TABL E 5-30 . DISTRIBUTIO N

SAMPL E POINT S

Numbe r Butadien e Concentratio n0- 9 pp m

5 % T O 30 % 30 % T O 90 % 90 % T O 100 % TOTAL 3

2 7 1 2 O

F RA W OV A SCREENING VALUE S B Y

o f Component s i nScreenin g Va l 1 0 t o 9 9 pp m

4 4 7 1 5 10 0 t o

99 9 pp m
0 2 6 8 100 0 t o

999 9 pp

m

1 1 1 3 B D

u e CONCENTRATIO N

Range >999 9 pp

m
0 2 0 2 

### FO

R

Tota l

8 1 1 2 1 4 0

Butadien e Concentratio n Percentag e o f Component s i nScreenin g Valu e Rang e 1 0 t o 10 0 t o 100 0 t o 0- 9 pp m 9 9 pp

m 99 9 pp

m 999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m

5 % T O 30 % 30 % T O 90 % 90 % T O 100 % 37.5 0 18.1 8 33.3 3 50.0 0

36.3 6 33.3 3 a . 0 0

18.1 8 28.5 7 12.5 0

9.0 9 4.7 6 0.0 0

18.1 8 0.0 0 Weighte d Averag e 30.0 0 37.5 0 20.0 0 7.5 0 5.0 0

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-6 0P.1 9

37.50 Z 30.00 %

S.00 Z I I < 10 pp m
[ ••--*--'• •> j 10 •9 9 pp m fejaSKffl 100*999pp

m 11^1 1 1000-999 9 pp m l'///*V'/- j >9999pp m

20.00 Z

Figur e 5-8 . Distributio nof Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s fo

r Sampl e Point s SOURCE : B D PANE

L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 . 5-6 1TABL E 5-31 . DISTRIBUTIO NO F EMISSION S B

Y BUTADIEN E CONCENTRATIONFO R AL L PARTICIPATING PLANTS : EMISSIO NESTIMATE S FO R SAMPL E POINT S

Butadien e Concentratio n Numbe r o f Component t Mea nRaw

OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm ) Hea n B D Mea nEmissio nFactor s (Al l Value s i nlb/hr/source )

Amoun t Averag e Weighte d Correlatio nCorrelatio nCurv e (% ) SOCM I SOCM I Curv e (EPA ) (BD Panel )

5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 % 8 1 1 2 1 17 2

839 3 13 9 16. 5

47. 2 96. 1 .00370 0

.00370 0 .00370 0 .00061 1

.00174 6 .00355 7 .00053 6

.00387 2 .00282 9 .00053 1

.00386 3 .00280 3

O i I as t o Butadien e Concentratio n

5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % 90 % t o 100 %

Tota l annua l Numbe r o f Component s
8 1 1 2 1

emission s ba

t Mea n Ra

w OV A Scree n Valu e (ppm )
17 2 839 3 13 9

je d o n a strea

m Hea nB D Amoun t (% )

16. 5 47. 2 96. 1

facto r o f To t Averag e SOCM I

.0296 0 .0407 0 .0777 0 B D Pane l
95% . a

l Emission s Weighte d SOCM I
.0048 8 .0192 0 .0747 0 Tota l Estima (Al l Value s I n

Correlatio n Curv e (EPA)

.0042 9 .0425 9 .0594 1 lb/hr )

Correlatio n Curv e (BD Panel )

.0042 5 .0424 9 .0588 6 te d Annua l Emission s (Tons/yr) B D Panel 8 Annua l Emission s (tons/yr)

.017 7 .1768 . .244 9 .4394 °

SOURCE : B

D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 .P.2 1

TABL E 5-32 . EMISSIO NFACTOR S FO

R SAMPL E POINT S FOR EAC H PLAN T

Plan t Numbe r Mea n Emissio n Factor s Usin g the Metho d Liste d (lb/hr/source )

Averag e SOCM I Weighte d

SOCM I COR

RCurv e (EPA) COR

RCurv e (B D Panel )
1 2 3 7 0.00370 0

0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00370 0 0.00203 7

0.00025 9 0.00289 3 0.00268 9 0.00233 8

0.00000 7 0.00343 4 0.00006 9 0.00232 9

0.00000 7 0.00341 1 0.00003 4 Relativ e Std . Dev . 52.6 % 101.0 % 102.1 %

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-6 3P.2 2

5.3. 8 Compressor s

Dat a concernin

g 1 7 compressor s wer e receive d fro m thre e plant s i

n thi s study . A

s see ni nTabl e 5-3 3 an

d Figur e 5-9 , th

e compressor s wer e either non-leaker s o

r ver y lo w emitters . Tabl e 5-3 4 show s th e overal l reductio

ni n mea nemissio

nfactor s fro

m thos e estimate

d b y th e SOCM I method . Th e limite

d dat a i nTabl e 5-3 5 sho

w th e variatio

ni nmea nemissio

nfactor s amon

g th e three reportin

g plants . Overall , no t enoug hdata fro

m compressor s wer e availabl e t o fully evaluat e thei r fugitiv e emissio

ncharacteristic s durin g th e productio

n of 1,3-Butadiene .
5. 4 Baggin

g Stud y Optiona l baggin

g test s wer e conducte d a t three plant s i

nconjunctio

n wit hth e screenin

g studies . Th

e result s o

f al l th

e baggin

g test s ar e presente

d i nAppendi x4 . Thes e baggin g test s ca

npotentiall y

b e use d fo r tw o purposes . Th

e non-zero-screenin g sourc e dat a ca

nb e use d t o chec

k th e SOCM I screening-to-lea

k rat e correlation s fo r applicabilit

y an d to develo

p ne w correlation s (if necessary) . Th e zero-screenin

g sourc e dat a ca

nb e use d t o develo p bette r defaul t zer o values .
Th e non-zero-screenin g baggin

g dat a are plotte

d fo r liqui d valve s an d fo r flange s i

nFigur e 5-1 0 an

d 5-11 , respectively , alon g wit hth

e SOCM I correlatio

nline . Inorder t o us e linear regresio nanalysi s techniques , th e data ar e plotte

d i nlog-lo

g space . Tw

o type s o

f dat a are plotted . Th e "plu s signs " are baggin

g dat a expresse

d a s tota l VOC , whil e th e "diamonds " are baggin g dat a expresse

d a s butadiene . Th e point s that loo

k lik e "fille

d diamonds " are fo

r 100 % BD stream

s wher e th

e tota l VOC an

d B D base s ar

e th e same .

5-6 4P.2 3

TABL E 5-33 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN G VALUE S B Y B D CONCENTRATIO N FOR COMPRESSORS

Butadien e Concentratio n

5 % T O 30 % 30 % T O 90 % TOTA L Numbe r

0- 9 pp m


### 1 3 1 1 4 o f Comp t 1 0 t o 9 9 pp m


### 1 2 3 anent s



### 10 0 99 9
0 0 0 i nS 

### t o pp m creenin g Value 100 0 t o 999 9 pp m


### 0 0 0 Rang e

>999 9 pp

m


### 0 0 0 TOTA L



### 1 4 3 17

Butadien e Concentratio n Percentag e o f Component s i n Screenin g Valu e Rang e 1 0 t o 10 0 t o 100 0 t o 0- 9 pp m 1 0 t o 9 9 pp m 10 0 99 9 pp m 999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m
5% T O 30 % 30 % T O 90 % 92.8 6 33.3 3 7.1 4

66.6 7 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 Weighte d Averag e 82.3 5 17.6 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

SOURCE : B D PANEL FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-6 5P.2 4

1000-999 9 pp m ,*.••- •I > 9999pp m

17.65 Z

82.35 Z

Figur e 5-9 . Distributio no f Ra w OV A Screenin

g Value s for Compressors . SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-6 6TABL E 5-54 . IH.STRLBUTIO N OF EMISSION S B Y BUTADIEN E CONCENTRATIO N FO RALL , PIuANTS : EMISSIO N ESTIMATE S FORCOMPRESSOR S

Butadien e Concentratio n Mea n Ra w OV A Scree n -Mea

n B D Numbero f

Valu e Amoun t Component s (ppm ) (% ) Mea

n Emissio n Factor s (Al l Value s i n lb/hr/source ) Averag e Weighte d Correlatio n Correlatio n Curv e SOCM I SOCM

I Curv e (EPA ) (B D Panel )
5 % t o 30

% 30 % t o 90

% 1 4

3 2

1 3 19. 6

66. 7 .50220 0

.50220 0 .09864 6

.33480 0 .00001 8

.00005 9 .00000 4

.00000 2

I O N Butadiene

Concentratio

n
5 % t o 30 % 30 % t o 90 % Numbe r o f Component s
1 4 3 Mea

n Ra u OV A Scree n Value (ppm )
2 1 3 Mea

nB D Amount (% )
19. 6 66. 7 Tota l

Averag e SOCM I
7.0308 0 1.5066 0 Emission s

Weighte d SOCM I
1.3810 5 1.0044 0 (Al l Value s I n Correlation Curv e (EPA )
0.0002 5 0.0001 8 lb/hr )

Correlation Curv e (B D Panel )
.0000 5 .0000 1 B D Panel 8

Annua l Emission s (tons/yr )
.000 2 .000 0 B D Pane l Tota l Estimated Annua l Emission s (Tons/yr ) .000 3

Tota l annua l emission s base d o n a strea

m facto r o f 95% .

SOURCE : B D PANEL FUGITIV E HUSSION S STUDY . SUMME R1988 .P.2 6

TABL E 5-35 . EMISSIO NFACTOR S FOR COMPRESSOR S FO R EAC H PLAN

T

Plan t Numbe r Mea n Emissio n Factor s Usin g th e Metho d Liste d (lb/hr/source )

Averag e SOCM I We i ght e d SOCM I COR

RCurv e (EPA ) COR

RCurv e (B D Panel )
5 7 1 3 0.50220 0

0.50220 0 0.50220 0 0.10044 0

0.37665 0 0.10940 8 0.00002 5

0.00006 6 0.00001 9 0.00002 5

0.00000 2 0.00000 2 Relativ e Std . Dev . 65.5 % 57.0 % 137.4 %

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R 1988 .

5-6 8P.2 7

- 1 -

a: i 0 3

. J
< K 2 O IA (/ > 

## 9 - 2 -

- 3 -

- 4 -

- 5 -

- 6 SCREENIN G T O LEA KRAT E CORRELATIO N EXAMINATIO N VALVE S I N LIQUI D SERVIC E I N BUTADIEN E PLANT S Correlatio n Equatio n Experimenta l Dat a Expresse d a s VO C Experimenta l Dat a Expresse d a s B O o o

+ o + o

i » - 3 4 LO G SCREE N VALU E (ppm )

Figur e 5-10 . Screenin g t o Lea kRat e Correlatio n Examination : Valve s

i n Liqui d Servic e i n Butadien e Plant s SOURCE: B

D PANE L FUGITIV

E EMISSION

S STUDY

, SUMME R1988 . 5-6 9P.2 8

U* . ( D (i J
O (A U 

# 8 -1. 5 SCREENIN G T O LEA KRAT E CORRELATIO N EXAMINATIO N FLANGE S I N BUTADIEN E PLANT S

- 2 -
-2. 5 -

- 3 -

-5. 5 - +

o Correlatio n Equatio n Experimenta l Dat a Expresse d a s VO C Experimenta l Dat a Expresse d a s 8 D

0. 8 1.2 1. 6 i o i ° | 0 • » o 2 2. 4 2. 8 LO G SCREE N VALU E (ppm ) i 1 2 —J—

3. 6

Figur e 5-11 . Screenin g t o Leak Rat e Correlatio nExamination : Flange s i n Butadiene Plant s
SOURCE : B D PuANE

L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 . 5-7 0P.2 9

Al l o f th e measurement s fo r th e baggin g wer e reporte d a s butadiene . Wher e th

e lin e concentratio no f B D wa s als o reported , i t wa s possible t o conver t the dat a t o a tota l VO C basis . The tota l VO C basi s i s mos t appropriat e fo r compariso nt o th e SOCM I correlations , sinc e th e SOCM I dat a on whic hthe correlation s ar e base d ar e tota l VOC . I t als o shoul d b e note d tha t the screenin g instrumen t react s t o tota l VOC , no t jus t t o butadiene , s o the correlatio nshoul d b e stronge r whe nexpressin g screenin g an d baggin g dat a on the sam

e basis . Whe nthe correlatio ni s the napplie d t o estimat e emissio n rates , th e VO C emissio nrat e tha t result s i s adjuste d t o a butadien e basi s b y applyin g the butadien e weigh t % factor .

Th e SOCM I correlatio nfo r liqui d service valve s appea r t o adequatel y represen t the plotte d data . A ne w correlatio nlin e fitte d t o th e butadien e dat a woul d probabl y hav e a slightl y

highe r slope , bu t a lowe r intercept , tha n the SOCM I correlatio nline . There are thre e dat a point s plotte d alon g the botto m axi s tha t are anomalous . Thes e point s wer e reporte d wit hzer o emission s a s determine d b y bagging , despit e screenin g value s tha t range d fro m 1,00 0 t o ove r 10,00 0 ppm . A nemission s valu e o f 10E- 6 wa s substitute d fo r th e reporte d zer o valu e t o allow the m t o be plotte d o nth e lo g scale (log[0 ] i s insoluble) . Possibl e explanation s fo r th e anomalou s result s ar e tha t th e emission s wer e largel y non-butadien e o r tha t th e source s wer e no t re-screene d jus t befor e an

d afte r baggin g t o insur e tha t th e screenin g valu e ha d ho t changed . Eve nincludin g thes e anomalou s data , th e existin g SOCM I correlatio n lin e appear s t o adequatel y represen t th e B D data .
Th e SOCM I (refinery ) correlatio nfo r flange s doe s no t represen t th e B D flang e dat a ver y well . Onl y

thre e point s fel l abov e th e correlatio nline , whil e 1 4 point s fel l below it . I t shoul d b e noted , however , tha t seve no f the point s fallin g belo w th e lin e ar e o f th e anomalou s typ e note d i nth e discussio no f liqui d valve s (i.e. , hig hscreenin g value s wit hzer o measure d emission s rates) . There d o no t appea r t o b e sufficien t dat a t o develo p a ne w correlatio nfo r flange s i nB D servic e a t thi s time . Base d onthes e initia l baggin g result s an d th e significan t impac t tha t flange s emission s have o n tota l fugitiv e emission s estimates , however , furthe r baggin g o f flange s an d possibl e developmen t o f a ne w correlatio nshoul d b e considere d i nthe future .

5-7 1P.3 0

Th e zero-screenin

g source s wer e analyze d t o determin

e whethe r ne

w defaul t zero value s could b e developed . Th

e defaul t zer

o concep

t wa s develope

d b y EP A t o account fo

r th e fac t tha

t baggin

g measurement s ar

e mor e sensitiv

e tha nscreenin

g measurement s i

ndetectin

g low-leve l leakage . Abou t 1 0 gas valve s tha

t screene

d a t "zero " (i.e. , n

o differenc e betweenth e maximu

m screenin

g value an

d th e ambien

t backgroun

d concentration ) wer e bagge d i nth e SOCM I stud

y an d foun d t o hav

e non-zero lea

k rates . Th

e average lea

k rat e fo

r thes e source s wa s calculated , an d tha t value wa s use

d t o determin

e th e equivalent screenin g value b

y applyin

g th e correlatio

nbackward s (fro

m lea k rat e to screenin

g value instea

d o f fro m screenin

g value to lea

k rate) . Th

e result s o

f thi s analysi s wa s a "defaul t zero " screenin g value o

f 8.1 7 pp

m that . EP A recommende

d fo r us e fo

r al l sourc e categories .
Th e baggin

g dat a fo

r zero-screenin

g source s i s presente d i nAppendi x 4 a s part of th

e tota l baggin

g dat a an

d i nindividua l summarie s fo r eac h sourc e type . For eac hsourc e typ

e and/o r correlatio

nequation , th

e measure

d emission s rate s fo

r th e zero-screenin

g source s wer e averaged . Tha t average emissio nrat e ca

nb e use d directl y

to estimat e th

e emission s fro

m zero screenin

g sources . Th

e average value s wer e als o backe d throug

hth e correlation s to arriv e a t defaul t zer

o screenin

g values . Th

e result s o

f thes e calculation s ar e presente d inTabl e 5-36 . Th e defaul t zero emissio nrate s range fro

m 0.00000081 2 lb/hr/sourc e fo r valve s i

ngas servic e to 0.00178 8 lb/hr/sourc e fo

r flanges . Tha t correspond s t o a range o f defaul t zero screenin

g value s o

f 0.01 3 t o 6.7 5 ppm , respectively , fo r th e sam e tw o sourc e types . Th

e defaul t zero value s inTabl e 5-3 6 wer e use d fo r al l calculation s presente

d unde r th

e colum ntitle s o

f "Correlatio

nCurv e (B D Panel) " o

r "Calculate

d Emissio

nRat e (B

D Panel). "

Not e that different default s are give nfo r eac hsourc e typ

e wit hit s ow ncorrelation . A

nattempt wa s made t o lum p th e dat a t

o arriv e a t a singl e defaul t zero value similar to th e EP A valu e o

f 8.1 7 ppm . I

t wa s determined , however , tha

t n o singl e defaul t value could adequatel y describ

e al l o f th e sources . It shoul d b e recalle

d that EP

A arrive d a t a singl e value largely becaus e al l o

f th e availabl e tes t dat a wer e fro m on e sourc e type .
5-7 2P.3 1

TABL E 5-36 . SUMMAR YO F BUTADIEN

E DEFAUL T ZER

O BAGGIN

G STUD YRESULT S
Equipmen t Typ e
Valv e Valv e Flange Open-Ende

d Line 3 Servic e

Categor y Liqui d 

### Ga s Al l Al l Numbe r

Dat a P a


### 4 8 7 2 o f lir s "Defaul t Zero " Screenin

g Valu e (ppm )
0.003 2 0.013 0 6.750 0 0.140 0 Zero Screenin g Value Emissio

nFactor (lb/hr/Source )
0.00002503 0 0.00000081 2 0.00017880 0 0.00000226 9
Defaul t value fo

r open-ende

d line s use

d fo r al l other component s except valve s an

d flanges .

SOURCE : B D PANE

L FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUDY , SUMME R1988 .

5-7 3P.3 2

6. 0 BUTADIEN

E WOR KPRACTICES , OPERATIN G PROCEDURES , AN

D DESIG N GUIDELINES : RESULT S O F A 1,3-BUTADIEN

E SURVE Y

A s othe r section s o f thi s repor t demonstrate , curren t overal l industr y fugitiv

e emission s o f 1,3-butadien e are lowe r tha

nthos e estimated previousl y

b y EP A usin g th e SOCM I emissio

nfactors . Th

e 1,3-Butadien

e Pane l decided t

o conduc t a

nindustr

y surve y o f wor k practices , operatin g procedures , an d desig nguideline s ina

nattempt to explai nth e lo w fugitiv

e emission s measured in th

e curren t study . Thi s sectio no f th e repor t summarize s th e response s t

o th e survey . A

cop y o f th e questionnair e ma

y b e foun

d i nAppendi x 5 .
O f th

e 1 3 butadiene plant s participatin g i nth e curren t study , si x (o r 46X ) sent complet e respons e t o th e questionnaire . Al l th e respondin

g plant s monito r fugitiv e emission s o f 1,3-butadiene . Al l si xplant s state d tha t th e potentia l for BD leak s wa s a concerndurin g th e desig no f th e BD process .
Inrespons e t o question s numbe r fou r an d five , concernin

g th e program s used for genera l an d specifi c lea

k detection , al l si xo f th e plant s sai d the

y us e a combinatio

no f visua l observatio nan d automati c alarm-soundin g syste m tha t monito r certai nB D equipmen t suc

ha s pump s an

d compressors . Thre e plant s hav

e routin

e lea k inspectio

nan d maintenanc e programs . Tw o plant s us e TL V sniffer s o

r OVA s t o monito r ga s valves , compressors , an d relie f valve s ever y quarter . On

e plan t ha s tagge

d al l BD component s an d regularl y

enter s screenin

g informatio

nina database .
I n respons e t

o questio

nnumbe r si xabout specia l procedure s used t o chec k for , prevent , an d reduc e th

e effect s o f leaks , fiv e o f th e si xplant s cited combination s o f th e followin

g procedures :

• Followin

g code s an

d specifications ; • Employee s training ; • Visua l inspection ; • Bubble-testin

g flanges ;

6- 1P.3 3

Pressur e testing ; Tightnes s testin

g o f valves ; VOC monitorin

g wit hdetectors ; Us e o f double-sealed pumps ; Seal s vented t

o flare ; Close d loo p samplin

g points ; Us e o f specia l packin g material ; an

d Pluggin g o f al l open-ended lines .
Tw o plant s sai d the

y hav e n o forma l inspectio

nprogram , but , informally , the y requir e immediat e repai r o f leak s detected b y th e BD monitorin

g system . Leak s tha t canno t be repaire d immediatel y

are repaire

d withi nthre e days .
Thre e plant s sai d the y hav e a writtenlea

k inspectio

nprogram . On

e plant gav

e th e detail s o f thei r program , whichinclude s th e us e o f logbooks , TL V sniffers , an

d computerize

d records . On

e plan t sai d the

y follo w Texa s Ai r Contro l Boar

d Regulation s (TACB) . On e plan t sai d the

y hav e n o writte n procedures , an

d on e plan t di d no t answe r thi s question .
Al l si xplant s responde d t o th e question s concernin g on-line maintenanc e an

d repai r procedure s fo r leakin

g equipment . Al l sai d tha t leak s are isolate

d an d repaire

d immediatel y

whe npossible . On-line repair s are made for low-ris k leak s an d emergencies . Equipmen t for whic ha spar e exist s i s remove d fro m service . Clamp s an d tightenin

g are used fo

r repairin

g smal l leak s o nline . On

e plan t cite

d th e us e o f sealan t o

nflange s an

d valves . Tw

o o f th e plant s sai d the

y evaluat e eac

hcas e individually .
Tw o plant s sai d tha t Q 2 leak s tha t expos e plan t personne l t o B D are acceptable . Decision s about shuttin g dow nth e plan t t

o repai r majo r leak s are made cas e b

y case ; al l th

e plant s hav

e contingenc

y shut-dow

nplans . Al l th

e plant s considered toxicity , lea k potential , explosio npotential , produc t savings , an

d energ y los s whe ndesignin g th e BD proces s an

d selectin

g equipment .



### 6- 2P.3 4

Al l si xplant s responde d t o question s abou t th e us e o f specifi c lea k detectio

nequipment , th

e testin

g o f component s befor e installation , an d quality contro l measure s t o reduc e th

e potentia l fo

r leaks . Fiv

e plant s specificall y

mentioned followin g standar

d engineerin

g code s an

d proces s desig

n specifications . Thre e plant s sai d the y inspec t th

e equipmen t an

d service s o f thei r vendors . On

e plan t cite

d th e us e o f doubl e seal s o npump s an

d keepin

g th e us e o f scre

w pip e fitting s t

o a minimum . On

e plan t ha s a trainin g progra

m fo r contractors . Al l th e plant s us e hydrostati c testin g and/o r ga s pressur e testing . Four plant s cit e th e us e o f x-ra

y testin g o f welds , an

d tw o plant s us e ultrasonic s t

o tes t equipmen t fo r structura l flaws . Tw o plant s state

d tha t component s ar e teste d fo r tightnes s befor e installation .
I nrespons e to th

e questio

nabou t equipmen t change s made to reduc e leaks , thre e plant s liste d combination s o f th e following :

• Us e o f dua l seal s o npump s wit ha ven t t o a flare ; • Replacemen t o f al l asbesto s materials ; « • Us e o f improve d packin

g materials ; an

d • Replacemen t o f tan k car sliptub

e gauge s wit hmagneti c gauges .
On e responden t sai d tha t thei r plan t wa s relativel y ne w an d modern ; therefore , fe w change s had bee nmade . The y had made som

e change s i nmetallurg y t o reduc e corrosio

nan d erosion . On

e responden t sai d tha t n o change s had bee nneeded .
I n summary , th

e plant s respondin

g t o th e questionnaire , representin g 46 Z o f th

e 1,3-butadien

e plant s i nth

e U.S. , see

m t o b e mostl y

awar e o f th

e improve d technolog

y an d method s availabl e fo r minimizin

g an d respondin

g t o leak s o f thi s toxi c chemical . Som e o f th e plant s seemed mor e awar e tha n other s o f th

e technique s an

d improve

d equipmen t available , bu t th e discrepanc

y di d no t see

m wide .



### 6- 37. 0 REFERENCE S

1 . Fugitiv

e Emissio

nSource s o

f Organi c Compound s — Additiona l Informatio

no nEmissions . Emissio nReduction , an

d Costs . EPA-450/3 - 32-010 , U.S . Evnironmenta l Protectio nAgency , Offic e o f Ai r Quality Plannin g an d Standards , Research-Triangl e Park , NC , Apri l 1982 .
2 . Radia

nCorporation . Assessmen t o f Amospheri c Emission s fro m Petroleu

m Refining . EPA-600/2-80-075 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Researc

hTriangl e Park , NC , 1980 .
3 . Langley , G.J . an d R.G . Wetherhold . Evaluatio no f Maintenanc e fo r Fugitiv e VOC Emission s Control . EPA-600/52-81-080 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Researc

hTriangl e Park , NC , Ma y 1981 .
4 . Blacksmith , J.R. , e t al . Problem-Oriente d Report : Frequenc y o f Leak Occurrenc e fo

r Fitting s i

nSyntheti c Organi c Chemica l Plan t Proces s Units . EPA-600/2-81-003 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Researc

hTriangl e Park , NC , September 1980 .
5 . CMAI , Inc. , 198 7 Worl d Butadiene Analysis . June . 1987 .
6 . Butadiene Overvie w an d Response s to OSH

A Inquir y Regardin

g Rul e Makin g fo r Occupationa l Exposur e t o 1.3-Butadiene . Appendi xIII . Prepare d fo r CM A b y CMAI , Decembe r 22 . 1986 .
7 . Protocol s fo r Generatin

g Unit-Specifi c Emissio nEstimate s fo

r Equipment Leak s of VO C an d HAP . EP

A 450/3-88-010 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency . OAQPS , Researc hTriangl e Park , NC , Octobe r 1988 .



### 7- 1P.3 6

8 . Fugitiv

e Emissio

nSource s of Organi c Compound s - Additiona l Informatio

no nEmissions , Emissio nReductions , an

d Costs . EPA 450/3-82-010 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Research Triangl e Park , NC , Apri l 1982 .
9 . Stelling , J.H.E . Emissio nFactor s fo

r Equipmen t Leak s of VOC an d HAP . EPA-450/3-86-002 , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , ResearchTriangl e Park , NC , Januar y 1986 .
10 . Dimmick , W . F . an d K.C . Hustvedt . "Equipment Leak s o f VOC : Emission s an d Thei r Control. " Paper No . 84-62. 1 presente d a t th e 77t hAnnua l Meetin g o f th e Ai r Pollutio

nContro l Association , Sa nFrancisco , CA . June 24-29 . 1984 .
11 . Chemica l Manufacturer' s Associatio n(CMA) . Guidanc e fo r Estimatin

g Fugitiv e Emissions . Washington . DC . Jul y 1987 .
12 . Radia

nCorporation , Austin , TX . Workbook fo r Estimatin

g Ethylene ' Oxide Fugitiv

e Emissions . March1988 .
13 . Respons e Factor s o f VO C Analyzer s a

t a Mete r Readin

g o f 10.00 0 ppm

v fo r Selecte

d Organi c Compounds . EPA-600/2-81-051 . U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , 1981 .



### 7- 2P.3 7

APPENDI X 1 EP A METHO

D 2 1P.3 8

31—Dmucnuno a o rVQUOBM Omaune Cunwui w IMAM* 1 . AvpttcmMUtg and

Prtnetpf L l Applicability . Thi s metho d applies t

o th e determination o

f volatil e organi

c eom- poua d (VO O leaks fro

m proeia s equipment

. Th« * sauna s include, bata n no tlimited to . valvea . flanges an

d othereonneetlene . sa d compressors, pr—u n relie f de- process drains , open-ende d valvea . vents , annnnnlarn r vassa l vasts , agitato r •aalSa "* ^ aooaa

s doo r teals . Li Principle . A portable Instrumen tI s use d t o detectVO

C leaks tn a individua

l

. ThaImmuno

l i tdetecto rtyp e t

s no t bu tI tmastmea

ttha tpodfloe - ttans sa d performanc

e ertterl arrmfitne d I n Sectio n 3 . A lea

k definition concentration base d on a re f enno o ocmpoun

d I s tpeclflo d I n eac h applicable regulation . Thi s prooedu n i s lateads d t

o locat e an d classif y leaks only , an d I s no tto b ause d as a direc

taeaa * u n o f mass "—«—*—

• rates fn m Individua

l IMteUtoi u 2J, Lea kDefinition Concentration. Th e loca l VO C concentratio

n atth asurfac

e o f a lea ksourc e thatindicates thata VO C amis- i (leak) i s present

. Th e lea kdefinition I

s • readin g base d on an f • 3 J Referenc

e Compound

. The VO C wa - de s selecte d s s a

n Instrumen

tcalibration i forspecification o

f th e lea k definition (M rexample : I

f a lea k defi - nition concentration to 10.00 0 ppm v s a suits t n a loca l concentration thatyield s a meterreadin

g o f 10.00 0 a n a n Inairiiuisn

i calibrate d wit h OMtban e woul d b e classified as a leak . I n thi s cample , tha lea kdefini - tio n i s 1040 0 ppmv

. an d th e re f • BMffif l ta

tBBfltgyannOfl

e J U Calibratio

n Oas . Th e VO

C i use d to adjustth e instrumen

tmete rreadin gP.3 9



### ft . 60 , App . A , Math

. 2 1 4 0 C KCh . I (7.14 7 Mtmn

) t o aknow n value . Th e calibration ga s i s usn * a . Th e hisliiiiiiaiil response (acto n torth a ally th e referenc

e orwnpounr

tataconoentra. indtvtda l T-«~« T t

o b e measure

d mm. do n approximatel

y equa l t o th alea

k dcflnl - b e la

m than 10. ^ ^ Uo n concentration . b . Th e instrumen tresponse thae mus

tb e 3. 4 N O Detectabl e Tmfto n Th e loca l equa l to o rla m than 3

0 seconds . The r

Z VO C concentration atth asurfac e o f alea k cpone

e time mustbe determine d torth e h

v sourc e tha tindicates tha ta VO C emission strumeatconfiguration to b o used durin

g

, , . •»** . Bd 1 t » • > a d * » ?**"** c Th e calibratio n predio n mus

tb e equa l forinstrumen

tar m anatmperiee

trepro- & v] mm m, - I

Q w^—M- t« f th e ««'n~M dudbillty . e dltfenao o betwee n th e sourc

e , L ~H ~ P"W» « " * cauoratia n surtsosooiKonyttonsa^locsiMblen td. Th e evaluation praoedun fo reac h p * i s oavorauDoo

v A aiixcroao

o ••••••i. . <

• - « . —. . " ^ i meterroutings o

f la m **

— acon - ^?^^J^J! W , , a a * c y *"*" naurngs mj^sManajwn . ^ p^og^ag, tmattkm Requirereadabilit y specification ImMnts

e tha ta VO C emission (leak) i s no tpresent , trot ex - . »

» A rsspono

s facto rmustb e detarmtna d ample. I f th e lea k definition t

n aregulation foreac

h compoun

d thatI s to b o measured

. I s 10.00 0 ppmv , tha n th e allowabl

e tnereee e eithe rb

y tastin g o

rtra m referenc

e souraei. t n surfac e concentration versus loca l amM > *h e reepanss facto rtests a n nquiie d ea tTintif«—*»w woul

d b o 50 0 ppm v baae d befor e placing th e analyserint o sarttoe . bu

t a n th e Inimimon

f meterreadings. ) d 0 Ba thave t o b e repeated a tsubsequen tta2 J neepons s Factor. Th e ratio o f th e tarvalo. know n concentration o

f a VO C uumpuuu

d b . Th e rallhratin

n precision tes tmus

tbe to th e ubeem d moto

rreadin g wha n mes s complete

d priorto placin

g th e analyserint

o un d using s n Instrumen tcalibrate

d wtt h service , an

d atsubsequen

t3-mont h Interval s th e referenc

e compoun

d iporlfto d I n th e ap - ora tth e nex tus e whicheve ri s later , plicatio n regulation . e. Th e response time tes ti s require d prio r 1 0 Calibratio

n Precision . Th e degre

e o f to placing th e tusuumsutinto service . I f a betwee n measurement

s o f th e modificatio

n to th e sampl

e r*""*iPl** f syste m i know n value , expresse

d a s th e relative o r flow configuration I s mad e thatwoul

d o f thaaveng e differenc

e be- chance th arasponss ttma . ano w tes tI s rath e meterreading

s sa d th e kaow

n quire d prio rt o furtheruse . concentration to th e know n concentration . 3j Calibratio n aaaaa. Th

amonitorin

g ta2. 7 Rasponss Time . Th e tim e interva l stramentto calibrate

d I n term s o f part s pe r fro m aste p change i n VO

C concentration a tmillion b y volum e (ppmv ) o f th e "''"" t th ainpu to f th assmplin c systs m t o th e compoua d specified I

n th e applicabl

e regotim aatwhic h 9 0 percen to f th e correspond - tattcn . Th e "all»mtHp n gaa m require

d to r ing fina l valu e l areache d a s displaye d on monitorin

g an d Instrumen

tperformanc

e th e instrumen

treadou tmeter. evaluation a n ase n ga s (air. la m tha n 1 0 3 . apparatu s ppm v VO O an

d acalibration ga

s i n ai rmix3. 1 Mim'»"»tn

g litviiim f

tar * approximatel y equa l to th e lea

k doflai3.1. 1 rTparlfkisflon

s Uo n«P-* rtfl * > " th e regulation . I f cylinde r a . Th avo c tmnmun tiia f

t m <ttai i f« . calibration ga

s mlxture e a n used , they mus

t • . 1 am »w

w «nn » fmnwriar• « • » ^ umijrxe d an d certified b

y th e manufac

turerto be wtth

m ± 2 percen

taoeuney , an

d ashelf lif e mustbe specified . Cylinde r catalyti c oxidation , flams Uwitmrtwi , infra- ^m******** ?^TM£?? ,?,.?" re d abaorstion . an

d p*^**-*-TT«—»«<•

- place

d a tth e end o

f th e specifie

d shelf Ute . b . Th e Tmr « «n»

n be fapaM * o

f Alternately . calibratio

n taaes ma

y be precpon d t o th e compound

s bein g Detecto rtypes whic

h ma y meetthi s re quiremen tinclude , bu

ta n no tlimited to .

• UM if^MaWfU^ M <imoentrat1ft n P*ndb y th e use

raccordin

g t o an y accepte d ttT*»1fiTi1 i

n th e ngH ,,H, m gaseou s standard

s preparatio

n procedur

e cit e scal e o

f th e instrumen

tmetershal l ^J^^l^^SS^^r t b o rssilshl s t

o x S percen

to f th e —»—«~

« * * pereent. prepare

d stanaaros mus

to e w lnkdStot^coDoe^^ai L W ~ U J ~ place d eac h da y o f us e unice

s I tca n be demd . Th e instrumen

tshall b e equippe

d wtt h S£^2L2 £ ,ta « ,ld » a o B °° " aat 00BU r apum p a o tha tacontinuous sample I s pr » aunn g swago . _, vtds d t o th e detector . Th e «*—«»»« • T~*npl tcalibration s ma

y o e penuiuie o usin

g a flow rat ashal l be ttto 3 Utan pe rminute . confoun d otn *»- r }** ? .** • ^•TM no » «°° > e. Th e Instrumen

tshal l b e Intrinsicall

y poun d i f aconversio

n factori s determine

d ssiet«omi^rtaexplostnatm«^ ^ ' » £ * 'tZT'i^ 0 " 9 ??* " H2 ? H S s s 'Mlrwl b

y th e applicable OAA . stand - nsultla g mete rreading s duna g sourc

e surant e (14 . Nationa

l Electrica

l Cod e b y th e v * , > c * n _° * converte d t o referenc

e cornNationa l Pi n Prevention Association) . pound results . 3. 1 J Performanc

e Criteria. 4. Procedure*P.4 0

4. 1 Prefec

tPreparations . Perfor

m th e Instrumen tevaluatio

n procedure

s give n I n Section 4. 4 I f th e evaluation requirement s o f Section 3. U hav

e no tbee n met. O Calibratio

n Procedures . Assembl

e an d star tu p th e VO C analyseraccordin

g t o th e manufacturer' s instructions . Afte rth e tp propriat e warmu p perio d an d sere interna

l calibratio n procedure

, introduc e th e calibration ga s Int o th e Instrumen

tsampl e probe . Adjus tth e Instrumen

tmeterreadou

tto correspon d to th e calibratio

n ga s value. NOC KI f th e meterreadou

tcanno tbe adjusted to th aprope

rvalue , amalfunctio

n o f th e analyseri s Indirste

d an d correctiv

e actions a n necessar

y be to n use . 4 J Individua

l Sourc e Surveys . 4.3. 1 Type I-Laa k Definition Baae d on Concentration. Plac

e th e prob

e inletatth e surfac e o f th e componen

tInterfac e whe n leakag e coul d occur . Mov e th e prob

e alon e th e Interfac

e peripher

y whit e obssrvtn g th e Instrumen treadout. I

f aaincrease

d meter readin g i s observed, slowl

y sampl e th e later fac e wher e leakag e i s Indirste

d until th a •"*"• • meteri sailin

g I s obtained . Lea n th e probe iale ta tthi s marlnum readin g U> cation fo rapproximatel

y tw o time s th e Instrumsn tresponse time . I tth e maximu m observe d mate rreadin g i s greaterthan th a lea kdefinition I

n th aappUcabl

e regulation, record aa

d repor tth e result

s as specifie

d l a th e regulation reportin

g requirements . Cs* smpls s o f thaapplicatio

n o f thi s genera

l technique to specific equipmen ttype s aw ; a . Vaivss Th e moo

tcommo n sourc e o f leaks fro m valve aI s a tth aseal betwee

n th e ste m an d housing . Place th e prob e atth e interfac e whe n th e stem exits th e packin g glan d "** * "flir 1 ^ th e stem »*—*wft'iy * Also , plac e th e pros e a tth e Interfac e o f th e glan d take-u p flange th e parlphary. In valv e bousincs o

f multipar tssssmhly a ttha surfao e o f al l lntarfaea

o wha n alea

kcould b . Fiance s an

d Other welde d flanges, pla n th e i o f the ^
warns ) CasTCeilaaiSatSs 1

lO f I -Po r

i atth e oute r Interfac e o f th a •tmanan tjoints (suc h s s threade

d connectlone) wtt

h asimi la rtraveree. e . Pump s an d Compreeeors—Conduc

tacircumferentia

l travers e atth e outersur

f se e o f th e pum p oreompneeo rshaf

taa d sea l Interface. I

f th e sourc

e I s arotating shaft, position th e prob

e inletwithin 1 e

m o f th e •haf tsee l Interfac e forth e survey . I

f th e bousin g configuration prevent

s acomplet

e traverse o f th e shaf tperiphery, sampl

e all icrecelhls portions . Sample all othe rJoint s on th e pum

p o rrnniprssso

rhousing whe n leakag e coul d occur . d . Pressur e Relie f Device s Th e configuration o f mos tpressur e relief device s prevent s PI

. 60 , Aff . A . Mnth

. 2 1 aplln g atth e sealing seatInterface, rot thos e dsvtce

s equippe d wit h a n enclose d ex tension , o rhorn, plac

e th e prob e Inle ts tap proximatel

y th e cente ro

f th e exhaus tare

a t o th e atmosphere. e. Process Drain

s Pa rope n drains, plac

e th e prob e Inle tatapproximatel

y th e center o f th e are aope n t o th e atamephere. Po

r covere d drains , plac

e th e prob

e a tth e surfac e o f th e cove rinterfac e aa d conduc taperiphera l traverse. f . Open-Ende

d Line s o rValvae—Plac

e th e prob e Inle tatapproximatel

y th e centero

f th e opening to th aatmosphere . g . Sea l Syste m Degassing Vent

s sn d Accu

mulato rVents—Plac

e th e prob

e lale ta tap proximatel

y th e cente ro

f th e openin

g to th e atmosphere . h . Aoceo s Doo rSeal*—'Plac

e th e prob

e inletatth e surfsc s o

f th e doo rsea l lnterrac e an d conduc taperiphera

l traverse. 4J J Type n-"N o Detectable Emission" . Determin e th e loca

l ambien tconcentre Uo n aroun d th asourc

e b y movtn g th e prob

e inletrandomly upwin

d an d downwin

d a ta distanc e o f on e to tw o meter s fro m th e source . I f a n Interferenc

e exists wtt

h thi s determinatio

n du e t o anearb y omissio n o r leak, th e loca

l ambien tconcentration ma

y b e determine

d a tiHifsnra aclose rto th e source , bu

ti n no case ahal

l th adistanos b

e Is m than 2

5 centimeters . Then mor ath e probe inletto th e surfao

e o f thaaoure e an d determin e th aconcentration describe d I n 4J.1 . Th adifferenc

e betwee n the n concentrations determiae

e whetherthe n a n n

o detectabl e smlsstnn

s Recor d aad repor

tth e raauit s a s spodflod b

y th aregulation . Portbooe eeee

e whe n th aregulation requires aspecific devic

e Installation , ortha t sperlfle d ven abe ducte

d o rpipe d to acen tra l device , th aexistence o

f tha n conditions shal l b e visuall

y confirmed. Wha

n th e regulatio n als o require

s thatno detectable emis sions exist , visua

l observation

s **** * samplin g surveys ar e required. Example

s o f thi s tech nlquean : (a ) Pum p orCompresso

rSeals I f applicable , determin

e th e typ e o

f shaf tseal . Prefor m asurve

y o f th e loca l an aambien

t VO C concentration an

d determin

e I f detectabl e emission ! exis ts s dsscrlbs d above. (b ) Sea l System Degassing Vents . AccumulatorVesse

l Vents . Pressur

e Relie f Devices — I f applicable, ubasn s whethero rnotth e ap plicable <*tfrtit.f

orpipin g »»• —Also , determine I f sn y source

s exis ti n th e ducting or pipin g whe n emission

s coul d occu rprio rt o th e contro

l device. I f th e require

d ductin g orpipin g exists an

d the n a n n

o sources whe n th e innlsslnn

tcoul d b o vente d to th e atmoaphen prio

rto th e contre

l device, then i tl apreoums d thatno detectable emission s sr e pfteent. I

f there ar e source s l ath e duct

in g orpipin

g wher e wnlselon

i coul d b e vente d o rsources wher

e leak s coul d occur .P.4 1

Ft . 60 , App . A , Moth. 2 2 4 0 CF RCh . I (7-14 7 IdHtan

) th e samplin

g survey s dsscribs d I n thi s para

- 4.4 J Calibratio

n Precision . Mak

e atota l grap h shal l be use

d to determin

e i f detecta - o

f three measurement

s b y alternately usln

a ble amission

s exist . tan ga s an d th aspecifie

d calibratio

n n L 4J J Alternativ

e Screenin

g Procedure. A Recor

d th e meterreadings, r »trtlat r^ sereenlac procedur

e base d o n th e formatio

n aveng e algebrai

c differenc

e betwee n the o f bubbta ai n asoa p solution thatto spraye

d moto rreading s sa d th e know

n value. Divid

e o n apotentia

l lea ksourc e am y b e use d forthi s aveng e differenc e b y th e know

n eallthoee soures s thatd

o nothare continuously bratlo n value an

d mutlpl y b y 10 0 to exprs m movin g porta , that , d o nothar e surfac e torn - th e moultin

g calibration precisio

n s s ape r perature e grsats rthan th e boilin

g poin tor—nTar

r loo s than th atraostn

g poin to f th e soa p solu* 4. 0 TTssnons

s Tim e Introduc

e tar e •» . Uon . thatd o no thav e ope n area s t o th e at- int

o th e Instrumen

t-"pi « probe

. Whe n mospher e thatth e soa

p solution cannotth e meterresiling ha s stabilised , switc h brtdg ao rtha td o notexhibi tevidenc

e o f quickl y t o th e nrftflvt

l '-'"rrath

m ss a liqui d leakage . Source

s thathar e the n eon- Measur

e th e •*•'" » fro m switching t

o wht n dltton s presen tmus tbe surveye

d using th e 9

0 poten to

f th e nn *i stabl e reading is at. Instrumen tteehnlque

e o f 4.3. 1 o r4J.2 . tainod . Perfuiu t*>«* » tes tsequenc

e thre e Spra y asoa p solution ove

rall potentia

l times aa

d recor d th e results. r » lm Min tthe lea kmum s Th e soa

p solution ma

y be aaveng e response "~ » commerciall

y available lea

kdetection solu . . „„,_ . Uo n o rma y be prepare

d using concentrate

d •» • ototuoropttw detergen tan d water. A pressur

e spraye ror9. 1 DuBoas . DJL . an d O X Hareta

. Re. asqueea abottl e m

y be use d t o dispone s th e spanw Pactor

s o f VO C Analyser

s a taMete r solution . Obssrv

e th e potentia

l lea ksita e to Readin

g o f 10.00 0 ppm v fo rSelecte d Organ

determin e I f an y bubbla aa n formed. I

f no i c Compounda

. U A Environmenta

l Proteeabssrvsd. th e soure

e t s pro > Uo n Agency. Rseeare

h Triangle Park

. NC . sumsd t o ba n a o detectable emission s orPublication N aSP A 900/3-41-001 . Ssptsm leaks s s applicable. I

f an y bubbla e ar e ob > ba rlM L served, th e instrumen

ttechniques o

f 4J. 1 or5 J Brown. OX , e tal . Reapona aPacto n O l sha U b e use d t o determin

e i f alea ko f VO C Analyser

s Calibrate

d wit h Methan e o ri f th e soure

e has detectable emie- fo rSelected Organi

c Compounda

. OS . Envte^QQeBfl&sVas

l Pl^OwSsWUO O JkftOCJti RflaMsssTC Q TH " 4. 4 Instrumen

tEvaluatio

n Procedures . Atangle Park . N C Publication N aEP

A 000/3 - th e > 'i- w "* to

f th e liiiiniinsnf

perform- 81422 . Ma

y 1MI . evaluation test , assembl

e sn d startup 5 j DuBoee. DJL . e tal . Rasponss o f Pottth e taatrumsn

tsmonlln g to th e manufao- abl e VO C Aaalyser

e to Chemica

l Mixtures, turer' s Instruction

s forrecommende

d JJ A Environmenta

l Protection Agency, Re

warmu p perio d - an d preliminar

y adjust- Marc

h Triangle Park. N C Publication N a EP A 000/2-41-110 . September1M1 . 4.4 4 Respano

s Motor . Calibrat

e th atastrumsntwtt

h th e re f ereno e compoun

d s a specifie d I n th e applicable regulation. Por eac h organi c spedeatha tl

ato be measure

d durin g Individua

l sourc e surveys , obtain o r prepar e aknow n staadar d t aaira taconeentntio n o

f tminiilmsisl f

8 0 tww to

f th e applicable lea

kdefinition uals m limited b y volatilit y o rexplostvtty . I n the n eases , astandar d a t90 percen

to f th e oncentratton. o

r7 0 percen to f th e lowe rexploatr e limit, reepectlvely . Ia

> trodue e thi s mixtur

e to th e analyseran

d recor d th e obasrve

d mete rreading. Intro* duo e ser aairunti l astabl e readin g l aob tained . Mak

e atota l o f thre e measurement

s b y alternating betweeath e know n mixtur e an d sere air. Calculat

e th e respon n (acto r fo reac h repetition an

d th e averag

e response factor. Alternatively . I

f responn factor

s ba n boo n publishe

d fo rth e compound

s o f inter es tforth e instrumen

to rdetecto rtype , th e response factordetermination i s notre* quired, sn d exis tm

g results ma

y be referenced . Exampla

e o f publishe d responn factor s forflame ianhntlon an

d catalyti c oxi dation detector

s ar e include d I n Section 8.P.4 2

APPENDI X2 1.3-BUTADIEN

E FUGITIV E EMISSIO

N MONITORIN

G PROTOCO LP.4 3 24/15/199 8 10:5 5 CHEMICA L MF G ASSO C 20 2 88 7 123 7 P.0 2



### DRAF T 1,3 - BUTADIEN

E FUGITIV E EMISSIO N MONITORIN G PROTOCO

L (4/4/88 )



### 1. 0 Th e stud

y wil l conside r al l butadien e productio nfacilitie a i nth e United States . Ove r 90 * o f the productio ncapacit y o f butadien e i s represente d b y companie s tha t ar e member s o f the CMA' s Butadien e Panel . 2. 0 Th e stud

y wil l evaluat e fugitiv e emission s usin g th e fou r approaohe s describe d i n Section s 2. 2 thr u 2. 5 o f the EPA' s draf t "Protoco l fo r Generating Unit - Specifi c Emissio n Estimate s fo r Equipmen t Leak s o f VO C an d VHAP" , dated December , 1987 , an d th e "CM

A Guidanc e Po r Estimatin g Fugitive Emissions" . A s anc?tion , som e producer s ma

y choos e t o develo p unit-specifi c emissioncorrelation s - se e Sectio n9.0 , below . I f uni t specifi c correlation s ar e no t develope d fo r th e lo w en d o f the concentratio nprofile , a defaul t valu e o f 8 pp m shoul d b e used . 3. 0 Al l equipmen t i nstreams oontaining greate r tha n 5 % butadien e b

y weigh t tha t ar e accessibl e b y platform , ladde r o r maalif t devic e up t o 4 0 fee t above grad e wil l b e screene d according t o the following : 3. 1 Valve s —

All . 3. 2 Connector s —

(include s flange s an d screwe d fittings ) Us e th e following equatio n t o determin e the quantit y (n ) t o b e screened - (50/N )

n= N[ l -.0 5 ] wher e N

= th e numbe r o f proces s conneotors . 

# a 10 0 50 0 100 0 200 0 300 0 

## A

7 7 12 9 13 9 14 4 14 8 Selectiono f th

e connector s t o b e teste d shoul d be random . Do no t includ e insulated one s du e t o safet y considerations . I f you have a smal l numbe r of connector s i t woul d b e wis e t o scree nal l o f them .P.4 4

04/15/198 8 10:5 3 CHEMICA L MF C ASSO C 20 2 88 7 123 7 P.3 3



### 3. 3 Pump s —

All . O

n dua l sea l pumps , th e outboard sea l and/o r th e barrie r flui d reservoi r ven t (i f vente d t o th e atmosphere ) shoul d b e sampled . 3. 4 8afet y

valve s —

All , no t discharge d t o a heade r syste m wit ha nabatemen t devic e o r protecte d b y a ruptur e 

## disk . 3. 5 Ope n Ende d Line s — Al l termina l valve s an d open ended line s wil l b e teste d excep t thos e plugge d o r blin d flanged . 3. 6 Compressor s - - All . Eac hsea l i s separat e measurement . 3. 7 Sampl e Point s — Sampl e point s shoul d b e screened a s valve s and/o r open-ende d lines , a a appropriate . A descriptiono f th e metho d o f sampling (e.g . evaauate d cylinder , closed loop ) shoul d b e provided . 4. 0 Instrument s A n Organi c Vapo r Analyzer , OVA , calibrate d t o methane , wil l b e used . Adjustmen t mus t b e mad e fo r appropriat e respons e facto r an d t o assur e tha t the reading s ar e compatibl e wit hEPA correlation s o f leak-rat e vs . concentratio n(EP

A Documen t Appendi xD) . Th e CM A contracto r wil l develop respons e factor s fo r us e b y the facilitie s performing th e study .
5. 0 Th e procedure s i n th e SP A guidanc e documen t (Section s 3. 3 an d 3.4 ) wil l b e followe d a s clos e a s possible . Absolutel y no specia l maintenanc e shoul d b e done prio r t o testing . Testin g shoul d no t b e done infou l weather . Th e testin

g shoul d b e done withou t interruption . Som e o f the testing wil l b e witnesse d b y EP A i f a t al l possible . Considerationshoul d b e give nb y th e location s t o having Stat e agency

personne l als o witnes s the study . Auxiliar y dat a including physica l stat e (ga s or liquid ) an d butadien e compositionshoul d be collecte d o neac h component . I f the uni t being teste d i s unde r a stat e equipmen t leak detection an d repai r program , or unde r the SOCM I Ne

w Sourc e Performanc e Standar d the progra m shoul d b e describe d i na separat e documen t an d the date s give no f the las t survey .P.4 5

04/15/198 8 10:5 4 CHEMICA L MF G ASSO C 20 2 88 7 123 7 P.0 4



### 6. 0 Th e qualit y

assuranc e measure s listed i n th e EPA guidanc e documen t (Sectio

n3.5 ) mus t b e followed . 7. 0 I t i s recommended tha t anindustria l hygien e surve y b e mad e durin g th e period o f tim e tha t th e fugitive emission testing i s bein g conducted . 8. 0 Al l participating companie s wil l conduc t the screening studie s upon whic hthe dat a analysi s wil l b e based . 9. 0 A a a stud

y option , som

e companie s ma

y ohoos e t o perfor

m baggin g studies . I f done , thes e studie s woul d follo w th e testin g protocol s outline d i nth e SPA an d CM A guidanc e document s cite d i n Section2 , above ; 9. 1 Generall y

2- 9 bag s (mos t likel y being 6 ) wil l b e require d fo r eac ho f th e source/servic e type s liste d below :

- Ga s valve s

- Ligh t liqui d valve s

- Flange s o r othe r connector s

- Ligh t liqui d pump s

- Safet y

valve a

- Ope nen

d line s

- Compressor s I f th e correlationcurve s develope d b y thi s method do no t agre e wit hth e publishe d correlationcurves , mor e baggin g may

b e require d t o develo p a dat a bas e adequat e fo r EPA

usag e o f thes e new curves . 9. 2 I t i s suggeste d that , i f baggin g i s performe d b y an y o f the participants , th e lo w valu e o r "zero " screening component s shoul d b e emphasize d i n orde r t o avoi d th e 8 pp

m defaul t require d b y SPA . 9. 3 The vacuu

m o r blo w throughmethod of baggin g ma y b e used . The CM

A guidanc e documen t shoul d b e followe d a s closel y a s possible . 10. 0 Thi s projec t wil l b e know n a s th e cooperative CM A Butadien e Panel/EPA

Butadien e Fugitive Emission s Study . The result s o f th e stud

y wil l b e accepte d b y al l parties .P.4 6



# RADIA N

APPENDIX 3
INDIVIDUA L PLAN

T SUMMAR Y DAT A TABLESP.4 7

TABL E M- 1 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIV E EMISSION S FO

RPLANT 1 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (liq ) VALV E (gae ) SAFET YVALVE SAMPL E POIN T PUM P OPEN ENDE D LIN E FLANGE NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 171 8 62 7 3 16 3 4 4 7 213 MEA

N RA U OV A SCREEN VALU E <«» > 78 7 97 * 1 1 518 8 203 7 468 1 100 4 MEA

N - B O AMOIMT (X ) 54. 2 67. 1 22. 7 55. 1 64. 4 33. 1 51. 9 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .00845 6 .00825 8 .05192 9 .00203 7 .07017 6 .00122 7 .00094 9 CORRELATION

CURV E (EPA ) .00360 8 .00169 6 .00004 1 .00233 8 .04617 6 .00150 1 .00184 1 CORRELATION

CURVE (B O PANEL ) .00335 0 .00166 5 .00003 8 .00232 9 .04617 3 .00148 7 .00190 1

SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDYSUPMER , 198 8TABL E A4- 2 DISTRIBUTIO N O P COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 1 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L B D CONCENTRATION S

TOTA L NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE 0- 9 pp

m 104 4 

### 42 9 1 4 5 2 5 15 9 1 0 -99 pp

m 29 3 9 7 2 6 7 1 1 4 3 10 0 -99 9 

### pp

m 19 7 5 1 0 4 8 4 2 100 0 -999 9 

### pp

m 16 5 3 8 0 1 1 2 4 7 >999 9 

### pp

m 1 9 1 2 0 1 2 3 2 TOTA

L 171 8 

### 62 7 3 1 6 3 4 4 7 21 3 166 7 

### 45 9 26 6 22 7 3 9 265 6

WEIGHTE D AVERAGE PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALUE RANG

E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE 0- 9 pp

m 60.7 7 68.4 2 33.3 3 25.0 0 14.7 1 53.1 9 74.6 5 10-9 9 ppa

17.0 5 15.4 7 66.6 7 37.5 0 20.5 9 23.4 0 20.1 9 100-99 9 pp m 11.4 7 8.1 3 0.0 0 25.0 0 23.5 3 8.5 1 

### .9 4 100 0 -999 9 pp

m 9.6 0 6.0 6 0.0 0 6.2 5 35.2 9 8.5 1 3.2 9 >999 9 pp

m 1.1 1 1.9 1 0.0 0 6.2 5 5.8 8 6.3 8 

### .9 4 62.7 2 17.2 7 10.0 1 8.5 4 1.4 7TABL E A4- 3 DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YB D COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 1

NUMBE R O F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O 30 X63 0 16 3 9 7 10 8 1 1 100 9 30 XT O 90 X31 6 15 2 7 5 5 1 1 0 60 4 90 XT O 100 X72 1 14 4 9 4 6 8 1 8 104 5 TOTA L 166 7 45 9 26 6 22 7 3 9 265 8

PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - - - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X62.4 4 16.1 5 9.6 1 10.7 0 1.0 9 30 XT O 90 X52.3 2 25.1 7 12.4 2 8.4 4 1.6 6 90 XT O 100 X69.0 0 13.7 8 9.0 0 6.5 1 1.7 2 WEIGHTED AVERAGE 62.7 2 17.2 7 10.0 1 8.5 4 1.4 7
SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER , 198 8a !

S t

_ u . o e

a : »- • 3 C

c a U f

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TABL E A4- 5 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIV E EMISSION S FO

RPLANT 2 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (Ifq ) VALVE (gaa ) SAFET YVALVE SAMPL E POIN T PUM P FLANG E NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 131 1 19 1 1 6 1 2 1 2 1 MEA

N RA U OV A SCREEN VALUE (PP" > 443 47 6 63 6 1 0 107 9 48 1 MEA

N • BO AMOUN T (X ) 44. 1 34. 7 43. 1 7. 0 47. 1 53. 1 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00183 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .00688 4 .00426 5 .09865 6 .00025 9 .05128 7 .00097 3 CORRELATION

CURV E (EPA ) .00335 3 .00085 5 .10248 2 .00000 7 .04079 2 .00041 6 CORRELATION

CURV E (B O PANEL ) .00299 0 .00083 7 .10245 4 .00000 7 .04076 4 .00046 7

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDYSUMMER , 198 8TABL E A4- 6 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 2 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L BD CONCENTRATION S

COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m NUMBE

RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P FLANG E 107 3

13 2 1 1 0 1 4 1 8 10 6

3 5 3 1 1 2 5 4

1 1 1 0 3 0 2 9

6 0 0 1 0 4 9

7 1 0 2 1 131 1

19 1 1 6 1 2 1 2 1 TOTA L 124 8 

### 14 8 6 9 3 6 6 0 156 1

WEIGHTED AVERAG

E PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P FLANG E 0- 9 pp

m 81.8 5 69.1 1 68.7 5 0.0 0 66.6 7 85.7 1 

### 1 0 -9 9 pp m 8.0 9 18.3 2 18.7 5 100.0 0 4.7 6 9.5 2 

### 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 4.1 2 5.7 6 6.2 5 0.0 0 14.2 9 0.0 0 100 0 -999 9 pp

m 2.2 1 3.1 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 4.7 6 0.0 0 >999 9 pp

m 3.7 4 3.6 6 6.2 5 0.0 0 9.5 2 4.7 6 79.9 5 9.4 8 4.4 2 2.3 1 3.8 4TABL E A4- 7 DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YBD COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 2

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O 30 X53 3 11 6 5 1 2 5 2 9 75 4 30 XT O 90 X32 2 3 2 1 4 1 1 2 0 39 9 90 XT O 100 X39 3 0 4 0 1 1 40 8 TOTA L 124 8 14 8 6 9 3 6 6 0 156 1

PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X70.6 9 15.3 8 6.7 6 3.3 2 3.8 5 30 XT O 90 X80.7 0 8.0 2 3.5 1 2.7 6 5.0 1 90 XT O 100 X96.3 2 0.0 0 .9 8 0.0 0 2.7 0 WEIGHTED AVERAG

E 79.9 5 9.4 8 4.4 2 2.3 1 3.8 4

SOURCE : B D PANEL FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER . 198 8P.5 4



### TABL E A4- B PLAN T 2 OAIL YCALIBRATION ANDDRIF T DATA

INSTRUMENT NO . 1

DAT E 5/24/3 8 S/2S/8 8 5/26/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 2.0 0 1.9 0 1.8 0 

### HE

D LEVE L 

### R F 2.3 3 2.2 2 2.2 2 HIGH LEVE L 

### R F 1.4 3 1.4 3 1.3 3 APPLIE D 

### R F 1.9 3 1.8 3 1.7 8 CORRELATION DRIF T TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) 0.999 4 0.999 3 0.999 4 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0

INSTRUMENT NO . 2

OAT E 3/24/8 8 3/26/8 8 3/31/8 8 6/01/8 8 6/03/8 8 6/06/8 8 6/07/8 8 6/08/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 3.6 3 3.8 3


### 4 HE D LEVE L 

### R F 3.3 4 3.3 6

3.9 2 HI6 H LEVE L 

### R F 1.4 3 1.4 3

1.3 4 APPLIE D 

### R F 2.8 7 2.8 7 2.9 3 2.9 3 2.9 3 3.1 3 3.1 3 3.1 3 DRIF T CORRELATION

TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) 0.998 7 0.00 *

0.0 0 0.998 7 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.998 7 8.3 3

0.0 0 0.0 0P.5 5

TABL E A4- 9 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO RPLANT 3 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSIO N FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (liq ) VALVE (gaa ) SAFET YVALVE SAMPL E POIN T PUM P FLANG E NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 50 1 218 2 2 0 9 91 8 MEA

N RA U OV A SCREEN VALU E <PP" ) 28 0 132 1 2 67 7 7 6 3 7 MEA

N - BO AMOUN T (X ) 70. 6 69. 4 45. 0 78. 2 69. 0 68. 5 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00183 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .01102 1 .00853 3 .10309 5 .00289 3 .07514 1 .00125 4 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA ) .00372 3 .00102 9 .00013 9 .00343 4 .00140 9 .00056 3 CORRELATION

CURVE (B O PANEL ) .00326 0 .00099 1 .00012 9 .00341 1 .00139 8 .00059 4

SOURCE : B O PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDYSUMMER , 198 8TABL E A4-1 0 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 3 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L B D CONCENTRATION S

COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m NUMBE

RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANGE 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P FLANGE 37 1

17 2 1 8 3 82 0 8 4

3 2 1 5 3 7 7 2 8

1 0 0 4 3 1 5 8

2 0 2 0 4 1 0

2 0 1 0 2 50 1

21 8 2 2 0 9 91 8 TOTA L 137 5 

### 20 2 6 0 1 6 1 5 166 8

WEIGHTED AVERAGE PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANGE COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P FLANGE 0- 9 pp

m 74.0 5 78.9 0 50.0 0 40.0 0 33.3 3 89.3 2 

### 1 0 -9 9 pp m 16.7 7 14.6 8 50.0 0 25.0 0 33.3 3 8.3 9 

### 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 5.5 9 4.5 9 0.0 0 20.0 0 33.3 3 1.6 3 100 0 -999 9 pp

m 1.6 0 

### .9 2 0.0 0 10.0 0 0.0 0 

### .4 4 >999 9 pp

m 2.0 0 

### .9 2 0.0 0 5.0 0 0.0 0 

### .2 2 82.4 3 12.1 1 3.6 0 

### .96 .9 0TABL E A4-1 1 DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YBD COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 3

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T -- - : TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5XT O 30 X8 2 3 1 0 0 8 6 SO XT O 90 X49 4 10 3 2 9 7 9 64 2 90 XT O 100 X79 9 9 6 3 0 9 6 94 0 TOTA L 137 5 20 2 6 0 1 6 1 5 166 8

PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S I N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X95.3 5 3.4 9 1.1 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 30 XT O 90 X76.9 5 16.0 4 4.5 2 1.0 9 1.4 0 90 XT O 100 X85.0 0 10.2 1 3.1 9 .9 6 .6 4 WEIGHTE D AVERAGE 82.4 3 12.1 1 3.6 0 .9 6 .9 0

SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER , 198 8P.5 8



### TABL E A4-1 2 PLANT 3 DAILYCALIBRATION AN O DRIF T DATA

DAT E 3/16/8 8 3/16/8 8 3/17/8 8 3/17/8 8 5/18/8 8 3/18/8 8 3/19/8 8 3/19/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 4.8 3 9.7 0 a 2.4 3 a 4.8 3 3.2 3 4.8 3 4.8 3 4.8 3 

### HE

D LEVE L 

### R F 4.1 2 4.3 0 4.1 2 4.5 9 4.3 0 4.0 4 4.3 9 4.7 0 HIG H LEVE L 

### R F 1.3 2 1.3 3 1.5 1 1.5 8 1.5 3 1.5 8 1.4 9 1.5 3 APPLIE D 

### R F 3.5 0 3.3 7 3.4 9 3.6 7 3.0 2 3.4 9 3.5 8 3.7 0 CORRELATION DRIF T TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) 0.998 4 0.998 3 0.998 4 0.998 3 0.998 3 0.998 5 0.998 2 0.998 2 NH b

N H b N H b N H b NH b NH b N H b N H b



### a ) Dat a no t uii dt o calculat i applii dRF . A valu i o f 4.8 5 M I subitituti da t a riasonabl i ntiaat i o f th i loa livi l RF . b ) Siparat i iultipoin t calibration ! w npirforii dtuic i a day .P.5 9

TABL E A4-1 3 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO RPLAN T 4 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (liq ) VALVE (gaa ) PUM P FLANG E NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 76 7 11 6 2 5 150 MEA

N RA U OV A SCREEN VALU E <PP» > 8 0 182 205 5 21 8 MEA

N • B D AMOUN T (X ) 70. 1 76. 9 75. 4 57. 9 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .10890 0 .00183 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .01093 8 .00945 6 .08206 7 .00105 9 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA ) .00208 6 .00102 9 .13940 0 .00109 3 CORRELATION

CURVE (B O PANEL ) .00208 6 .00102 9 .13940 0 .00113 5

SOURCE : BO PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDYSUMMER , 198 8TABL E A4-1 4 DISTRIBUTIO N O F COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALUE FO

RPLAN T 4 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L B D CONCENTRATION S

COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m NUMBE

R O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) PUM P FLANGE 0 0 0 0 75 7

11 4 1 8 14 4 3

0 1 3 2

0 1 1 5

2 5 2 76 7

11 6 2 5 15 0 TOTA L 103 3 

### 1 4 105 8

PERCENTAGE O

F COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) PUM P FLANGE 

### 0 -

9 pp m 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 

### 10 -

-9 9 pp m 98.7 0 98.2 8 72.0 0 96.0 0 

### 10 0 -99 9 pp m 

### .3 9 0.0 0 4.0 0 2.0 0 100 0 -999 9 pp

m 

### .2 6 0.0 0 4.0 0 

### .6 7 >999 9 pp

m 

### .6 5 1.7 2 20.0 0 1.3 3 WEIGHTED AVERAGE 0.0 0 97.6 4 

### 6 6 3 8 1.3 2

* D b >TABL E A4-1 5 DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YB D COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 4

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANGE COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5XT O 30 X0 12 4 1 2 2 12 9 30 XT O 90 X0 51 8 5 1 8 53 2 90 XT O 100 X0 39 1 1 1 4 39 7 TOTA L 0 103 3 7 4 1 4 105 8

PERCENTAGE O

F COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X0.0 0 96.1 2 .7 8 1.5 5 1.5 5 30 XT O 90 X0.0 0 97.3 7 .9 4 .1 9 1.5 0 90 XT O 100 X0.0 0 98.4 9 .2 5 .2 5 1.0 1
WEIGHTED AVERAGE 0.0 0 97.6 4 .6 6 .3 8 1.3 2

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER . 198 8

* o b >P.6 2

TABL E A4-1 6 PLAN T 4 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N ANDDRIF T DATA

DAT E 7/01/8 8 7/05/8 8 7/07/8 8 7/06/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 1.9 0 1.9 0 3.8 0 1.5 8 

### HE D LEVE L 

### R F 2.2 9 2.2 9 3.1 5 4.9 0 HIGH LEVE L 

### R F 2.0 2 2.0 1 3.1 6 2.7 1 APPLIE D 

### R F 2.0 7 2.0 7 4.0 4 3.0 6 DRIF T CORRELATION

TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) 0.999 9 0.0 0 0.999 9 0.0 0 0.999 4 0.0 0 0.998 9 0.0 0P.6 3

TABL E A4-1 7 SUMMR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIEN E FUGITIV E EMISSION S FO R PLAN T5 EMISSIO N ESTIMATE S FO R AL L COMPONENT

S

MEA N EMISSIO N FACTORS (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gaa ) SAFET YVALV

E PUMP OPE N ENDE D LINE FLANG E COMPRESSOR NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 137 3 83 6 10 1 7 5 6 2 1 W A N

RA W OV A SCREE N VALUE (*• > 132 0 52 3 5 2 2 201 1 218 2 1

SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

Y MEA

N • BD AMOUNT (X ) 58. 8 71. 9 60. 0 64. 8 66. 4 53. 5 20. 0

SUMMER r lVo o AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .00917 4 .00883 8 .13746 0 .07059 3 .00245 7 .00097 9 .10044 0 CORRELATIO

N CURV E (EPA ) .00421 1 .00099 4 .00005 3 .00016 8 .00032 1 .00105 7 .00002 5 CORRELATION

CURV E (B O PANEL ) .00382 6 .00095 2 .00000 5 .00013 5 .00029 1 .00111 7 .00002 5TABL E A4-1 8 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 5 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L B D CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANGE COMPONEN

T TYP E 

### pp

m 49 3 53 1 1 0 0 0 1 6 0 10 -

•9 9 pp m 76 9 27 8 0 1 6 4 4 2 1 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 

### 4 6 1 5 0 1 0 1 0 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P OPE N ENDED LIN

E FLANGE COMPRESSO

R 2 5 3 0 0 0 2 0 4 0

9 0 0 1 1 0 137 3

83 6 1 0 1 7 5 6 2 1 TOTA L 105 0 111 0 

### 6 3 3 0 5 1 230 4

WEIGHTED AVERAGE PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE COMPRESSO

R 0- 9 pp

m 35.9 1 63.5 2 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 25.8 1 0.0 0 10-9 9 pp

m 56.0 1 33.2 5 0.0 0 94.1 2 80.0 0 67.7 4 100.0 0 100-99 9 pp m 3.3 5 1.7 9 0.0 0 5.6 8 0.0 0 1.6 1 0.0 0 1000-999 9 pp

m 1.8 2 

### .3 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 3.2 3 0.0 0 >999 9 pp

m 2.9 1 1.0 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 20.0 0 1.6 1 0.0 0 45.5 7 48.1 8 2.7 3 1.3 0 2.2 1TABL E A4-1 9 DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YBD COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 5

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O 30 X18 9 22 1 1 2 5 1 0 43 7 30 XT O 90 X40 5 53 4 3 0 1 7 2 2 100 8 90 XT O 100 X45 6 35 5 2 1 8 1 9 85 9 TOTA L 105 0 111 0 6 3 3 0 5 1 230 4

PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S I N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X43.2 5 50.5 7 2.7 5 1.1 4 2.2 9 30 XT O 90 X40.1 8 52.9 8 2.9 8 1.6 9 2.1 8 90 XT O 100 X53.0 8 41.3 3 2.4 4 .9 3 2.2 1 WEIGHTED AVERAGE 45.5 7 48.1 8 2.7 3 1.3 0 2.2 1
SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER . 198 8P.6 6



### TABL E A4-2 0 PLAN T 5 DAILYCALIBRATION AN DDRIF T DATA

a )



## LO H LEVE L 

## R F HE D LEVE L 

## R F HIGH LEVE L 

## R F APPLIE D 

## R F DRIF T CORRELATION TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) DAT E AL L DATA 1.7 3
a ) A ii xpoin t calibratio nH I pirforii don9/29/88 . afti r th i fiil d ••aiuriiint s wi ncoiplitid . Dail y Hithan i calibratio nan

ddrif t chic kdat a take nduring th i fiil dtisting indicati i tha t th i initruiin t di dno t drif t siginificantl y during th i tu t piriod .P.6 7

TABL E A4-2 1 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIEN E FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO RPLAN T 6 EMISSIO N ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S IN Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gaa ) SAFET YVALVE PUM P NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 48 0 55 5 1 3 1 4 MEA

N RA U OV A SCREEN VALU E (PP» > 20 2 23 1 2 77 2

SOURCE : BO PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY MEA N • BO AMOUN T (X ) 62. 0 65. 4 84. 0 62. 9

SUMMER , 198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .00967 8 .00804 5 .19244 4 .06845 1 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA ) .00215 1 .00048 8 .00008 2 .00436 5 CORRELATION

CURVE (BD PANEL ) .00211 6 .00045 5 .00002 3 .00436 5TABL E A4-2 2 DISTRIBUTIONO F COMPONENT S B Y RA W OV ASCREE NVALU E FOR PLAN T 6 AL L COMPONENT S AN D AL L B D CONCENTRATION S

COMPONENT TYP E 0- 9 ppm NUMBE R O F COMPONENT S I NSCREE NVALU E RANG E 10-9 9 ppm100-99 9 ppm1000-999 9 ppm >999 9 ppm TOTA L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET Y VALV E

PUM P 2 6

39 4 1 0 0 34 0

13 0 3 9 8 2

2 2 0 2 3 2

7 0 3 0

2 0 0 48 0

55 5 1 3 1 4 TOTA L 

### 43 0 48 2 10 6 4 2 106 2

COMPONENT TYP E PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S I NSCREE NVALU E RANG E

0- 9 ppm10-9 9 ppm100-99 9 ppm1000-999 9 ppm>999 9 ppm VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET Y VALVE

PUM P 5.4 2

70.9 9 76.9 2 0.0 0 70.8 3

23.4 2 23.0 8 64.2 9 17.0 8

3.9 6 0.0 0 14.2 9 6.6 7

1.2 6 0.0 0 21.4 3 0.0 0

.3 6 0.0 0 0.0 0 WEIGHTE D AVERAG E 40.4 9 45.3 9 9.9 8 3.9 5 

### .1 9TABL E A4-2 3 DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YBD COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 6

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O 30X12 8 17 7 3 6 2 0 0 36 1 30 XT O 90 X4 1 4 6 4 2 0 9 3 90 XT O 100 X26 1 25 9 6 6 2 0 2 60 8 TOTA L 43 0 48 2 10 6 4 2 2 106 2

PERCENTAG

E O F COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30X35.4 6 49.0 3 9.9 7 5.5 4 0.0 0 30 XT O 90 X44.0 9 49.4 6 4.3 0 2.1 5 0.0 0 90 XT O 100 X42.9 3 42.6 0 10.8 6 3.2 9 .3 3 WEIGHTED AVERAG

E 40.4 9 45.3 9 9.9 8 3.9 5 .1 9
SOURCE : B

D PANEL FUGITIV

E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER , 198 8P.7 0



### TABL E A4-2 4 PLANT 6 DAILYCALIBRATION AN O DRIF T DATA

a )

LO HHE DHIG HDRIF T LEVE L LEVE L LEVE L APPLIE DCORRELATION TES T DAT E R F R F RF R F COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) AL L DATA 1.8 2

a ) No calibratio ndat a M I lubiitti db y thi i plant . Th i riipon ufacto r un dMa i dirivi dfro i aviraging al l o f th i calibratio n dat a riciivi da t th i ti no f dat a intry .P.7 1

TABL E A4-2 5 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIEN E FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO RPLAN T 7 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSIO N

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONENT TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gaa ) SAMPL E POINT PUM P OPE N ENDE D LINE FLANGE COMPRESSOR NUM8ER O F COMPONENT S 247 1 105 9 3 6 7 12 15 0 2 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREE N VALUE («• > 39 0 20 2 2 6 144 5 168 3 3 1 2 0 MEA

N • BO AMOUNT (X ) 74. 6 62. 1 72. 7 71. 9 87. 1 69. 1 75. 0 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .00370 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .01163 0 .00763 3 .00268 9 .07826 2 .00322 2 .00126 4 .37665 0 CORRELATIO

N CURV E (EPA ) .00535 9 .00090 2 .00006 9 .11166 0 .00440 2 .00021 1 .00006 6 CORRELATIO

N CURV E (B O PANEL ) .00468 8 .00086 0 .00003 4 .11161 3 .00434 1 .00023 9 .00000 2

SOURCE : BO PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD YSUMMER , 198 8TABL E A4-2 6 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 7 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L BD CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 

### pp

m 1 3 31 6 0 0 0 0 0 10 -

-9 9 pp m 226 9 

### 70 5 3 5 2 1 0 14 6 2 100-99 9 pp

m 

### 6 4 1 2 0 2 0 3 0 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P OPE N ENDED LIN

E FLANGE COMPRESSO

R 4 4 1 0 0 4 0 1 0 8 1

1 6 0 9 2 0 0 247 1

105 9 3 6 7 1 2 15 0 2 TOTA L 

### 32 9 318 7 

### 8 1 5 9 10 8 376 4

WEIGHTED AVERAGE PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAMPL E POIN

T PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE COMPRESSO

R 0- 9 pp

m 

### .5 3 29.8 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 10-9 9 pp

m 91.8 3 66.5 7 100.0 0 77.6 1 83.3 3 97.3 3 100.0 0 

### 10 0 -99 9 pp m 2.5 9 1.1 3 0.0 0 2.9 9 0.0 0 2.0 0 0.0 0 1000 - -999 9 pp

m 1.7 8 

### .9 4 0.0 0 5.9 7 0.0 0 

### .6 7 0.0 0 >999 9 pp

m 3.2 8 1.5 1 0.0 0 13.4 3 16.6 7 0.0 0 0.0 0 8.7 4 84.6 7 2.1 5 1.5 7 2.8 7TABL E A4-2 7 DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YBD COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 7

NUMBE R O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALUE RANGE COMPONEN

T ---- - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O SO

X0 33 2 3 7 2 34 4 30 XT O 90 X10 6 120 9 3 8 3 0 5 0 143 3 90 XT O 100 X22 3 164 6 4 0 2 2 5 6 198 7 TOTA L 32 9 318 7 8 1 5 9 10 8 376 4

PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S I N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - - - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X0.0 0 96.5 1 .8 7 2.0 3 .5 8 30 XT O 90 X7.4 0 84.3 7 2.6 5 2.0 9 3.4 9 90 XT O 100 X11.2 2 82.8 4 2.0 1 1.1 1 2.8 2 WEIGHTED AVERAGE 8.7 4 84.6 7 2.1 5 1.5 7 2.8 7
SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER , 198 8P.7 4



### TABL E A4-2 8 PLAN T 7 DAILYCALIBRATION AN DDRIF T DATA

DAT E 7/05/8 8 7/08/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 1.0 0 1.8 3 

### HE D LEVE L 

### R F 0.9 7 1.5 1 HIGH LEVE L 

### R F 0.8 7 0.9 8 DRIF T APPLIE DCORRELATION

TES T R F COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) 1.2 0 a 0.999 9 N H

. 1.2 0 a 0.999 9 NH



### a ) Hos t fiil diiaiuriiint i Mi nprio r t o 7/08/88 . AnR F o f 1. 2 Mhic hi i th i avirag i o f al l calibratio ndat a M M applii dt o al l ra HOV

A icriining valuii .P.7 5

TABL E A4-2 9 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIEN E FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO R PLAN T 8 EMISSIO N ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gaa ) SAFET YVALV

E PUM P OPE N ENDE D LINE FLANG E NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 188 4 58 0 7 1 2 0 3 18 1 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN VALU E <«• > 121 0 368 4 148 3 105 0 10 1 5

t* SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUDY MEA N • BO AMOUNT (X ) 24. 5 23. 6 37. 4 37. 0 54. 0 30. 3

«uMJP-MEK

f lTO w AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .00382 7 .00290 4 .08570 9 .04029 8 .00199 8 .00055 5 CORRELATIO

N CURV E (EPA ) .00105 3 .00216 7 .00324 7 .07725 5 .00004 8 .00015 4 CORRELATION

CURV E (BO PANEL ) .00085 9 .00215 6 .00322 1 .07724 0 .00000 2 .00026 8TABL E A4-3 0 DISTRIBUTIONO F COMPONENT S B Y RA W OV ASCREE NVALU E FO R PLAN T 8 AL L COMPONENT S AND AL L B D CONCENTRATION S

COMPONENT > TYP E 0- 9 ppm NUMBE R O F COMPONENT S I NSCREE NVALU E RANG E 10-9 9 pp m100-99 9 ppm1000-999 9 ppm >999 9 ppm TOTA L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET Y VALV E

PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E 93 3

28 3 3 1 8 0 8 8 83 4

21 2 3 3 7 3 9 0 6 7

3 7 5 3 0 2 2 0

2 4 1 0 0 1 3 0

2 4 1 2 0 0 188 4

58 0 7 1 2 0 3 18 1 TOTA L 134 3 117 9 

### 11 4 4 6 5 7 273 9

WEIGHTE D AVERAG E PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S I NSCREE NVALU E RANG E

VuunrunE.n i TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFET Y VALV E

PUM P OPE NENDE D LIN E

FLANG E 0- 9 ppm

49.5 2 48.7 9 43.6 6 40.0 0 0.0 0 48.6 2 

### 1 0 -9 9 pp m 44.2 7 36.5 5 46.4 8 35.0 0 100.0 0 49.7 2 

### 10 0 -99 9 ppm

3.5 6 6.3 8 7.0 4 15.0 0 0.0 0 1.1 0 100 0 -999 9 ppm

1.0 6 4.1 4 1.4 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 

### .5 5 >999 9 ppm

1.5 9 4.1 4 1.4 1 10.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 49.0 3 43.0 4 4.1 6 1.6 8 2.0 8TABL E A4-3 1 DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YB D COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 8

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANGE COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O 30 X91 5 100 3 7 2 2 2 3 0 204 2 SO XT O 90 X42 8 17 6 4 2 2 4 2 7 69 7 TOTA L 134 3 117 9 11 4 4 6 5 7 273 9

PERCENTAGE O

F COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X44.8 1 49.1 2 3.5 3 1.0 8 1.4 7 SO XT O 90 X61.4 1 25.2 5 6.0 3 3.4 4 3.8 7 WEIGHTED AVERAGE 49.0 3 43.0 4 4.1 6 1.6 8 2.0 8
SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER , 198 8TABL E A4-3 2 PLAN T 8 DAIL YCALIBRATION ANDDRIF T DATA P.7 8

DAT E 6/18/8 8 6/19/8 8 6/20/8 8 6/21/8 8 6/22/8 8 6/23/8 8 6/24/8 8 6/29/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 3.3 3 3.3 3 3.3 3 3.3 3 3.3 3 3.3 3 3.3 3 3.3 3 

### NE D LEVE L • RF 2.3 6 2.9 6 2.9 6 2.9 6 2.3 6 2.9 6 2.3 6 2.9 6 HI6 H LEVE L APPLIE D 

### R F 2.9 2 2.4 1 2.9 2 2.4 4 2.3 2 2.9 2 2.4 8 2.4 8 CORRELATION COEFFICIEN T 0.999 6 0.999 2 0.999 6 0.999 3 0.999 6 0.999 6 0.999 9 0.999 9 DRIF T

TES T ( Z DRIFT ) 10.0 0 14.0 0 18.0 0 8.0 0 0.0 0 9.0 0 11.0 0 

### N HP.7 9

TABL E A4-3 3 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO RPLAN T 9 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALVE (liq ) VALVE (flat ) SAFET YVALVE PUM P FLANG E NUMBE R

O F COMPONENT S 26 6 6 2 9 3 158 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN VALU E <Pf» > 952 7 994 8 1 6 2 8 6 3

SOURCE : BO PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY MEA N • B O AMOUN T (X ) 29. 4 44. 1 19. 3 44. 5 33. 0

SUMMER , 198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00183 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .00458 8 .00543 0 .04429 3 .04842 4 .00060 4 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA ) .00589 6 .00454 7 .00002 7 .00017 7 .00022 6 CORRELATION

CURVE (BD PANEL ) .00570 0 .00452 6 .00001 2 .00016 5 .00032 7TABL E A4-3 4 DISTRIBUTIO N O F COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALUE FO

RPLAN T AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L B D CONCENTRATION S

COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m NUMBE

ROF COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P FLANGE 18 9

4 1 8 1 14 5 1 0

3 0 2 4 2 6

6 1 0 6 1 3

6 0 0 3 2 8

6 0 0 0 26 6

6 2 9 3 15 8 TOTA L 

### 38 4 1 9 3 9 2 2 3 4 49 8

WEIGHTED AVERAGE PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P FLANGE 0- 9 pp

m 71.0 5 66.1 3 88.8 9 33.3 3 91.7 7 

### 10 -

•9 9 pp m 3.7 6 4.8 4 0.0 0 66.6 7 2.5 3 100 - -99 9 pp

m 9.7 7 9.6 8 11.1 1 0.0 0 3.8 0 100 0 -999 9 pp

m 4.8 9 9.6 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.9 0 >999 9 pp

m 10.5 3 9.6 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 77.1 1 3.8 2 7.8 3 4.4 2 6.8 3TABL E A4-3 5 DISTRIBUTIONO F RA W OV ASCREENIN

G VALUE S B Y B D COMPOSITIO N AL L COMPONENT S FO R PLAN T 9

NUMBE R O F COMPONENT S I NSCREE NVALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 ppm10-9 9 ppm100-99 9 ppm1000-999 9 pp m>999 9 ppmTOTA L 5 X T O 30 X 12 2 4 1 3 9 1 3 16 1 30 X T O 90 X26 2 1 5 2 6 1 3 2 1 33 7 TOTA L 38 4 1 9 3 9 2 2 3 4 49 8

PERCENTAG E O F COMPONENT S I NSCREE NVALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - - - TYP E 0- 9 ppm10-9 9 ppm100-99 9 ppm1000-999 9 ppm>999 9 ppm 5 X T O 30 X 75.7 8 2.4 8 8.0 7 5.5 9 8.0 7 30 X T O 90 X 77.7 4 4.4 5 7.7 2 3.8 6 6.2 3 WEIGHTE D AVERAG E 77.1 1 3.8 2 7.8 3 4.4 2 6.8 3

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUD Y SUMMER , 198 8

0 0P.8 2

TABL E A4-3 6 PLAN T 9 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N AN DDRIF T DATA

OAT E 7/09/8 8 7/06/8 8 7/07/8 8 7/08/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 2.8 6 3.3 3 3.3 3 3.0 7 

### HE

D LEVE L 

### R F 2.6 7 2.6 7 2.6 7 2.6 3 HIGH LEVE L 

### R F 1.6 7 1.6 7 1.6 7 1.6 7 APPLIE D 

### R F 2.4 0 2.9 6 2.9 6 2.4 6 DRIF T CORRELATION

TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) 0.999 9 N

H 0.999 9 0.0 0 0.999 9 0.0 0 0.999 6 0.0 0P.8 3

TABL E A4-3 7 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO RPLAN T 1 0 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSIO N FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gaa ) SAFET YVALVE PUM P OPEN ENDE D LINE FLANG E NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 412 1 4 4 6 1 1 14 7 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN VALU E <PP» > 269 3 157 8 6 0 167 4 1828 3 15 0

SOURCE : BO PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY MEA N • B D AMOUN T (X )
41. 6 40. 6 34. 3 51. 0 51. 0 43. 3

SUMCR , 198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .00649 3 .00499 9 .07846 7 .05553 9 .00188 7 .00079 3 CORRELATION

CURVE (EPA ) .00369 7 .00370 3 .00012 6 .08189 2 .00309 9 .00026 1 CORRELATION

CURVE (B O PANEL ) .00336 2 .00367 8 .00010 2 .08185 7 .00307 2 .00034 6TABL E A4-3 8 DISTRIBUTIO N O F COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 1 0 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L BD CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANGE COMPONEN

T TYP E 

### 0- 9 pp

m 13 7 7 1 4 5 7 5 1 0 •9

9 pp a 22 1 5 2 1 3 6 8 100-99 9 pp

m 

### 2 1 0 1 0 0 3 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE 1 5 1 0 0 1 0 1 8

1 0 1 2 1 41 2

1 4 4 6 1 1 14 7 TOTA L 

### 22 9 30 0 2 5 1 7 2 3 59 4

WEIGHTED AVERAGE PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANGE COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE 0- 9 pp

m 33.2 5 50.0 0 25.0 0 66.6 7 45.4 5 51.0 2 

### 1 0 -9 9 pp m 53.6 4 35.7 1 50.0 0 16.6 7 27.2 7 46.2 6 

### 10 0 -99 9 pp m 5.1 0 0.0 0 25.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 2.0 4 100 0 -999 9 pp

m 3.6 4 7.1 4 0.0 0 0.0 0 9.0 9 0.0 0 >999 9 pp

m 4.3 7 7.1 4 0.0 0 16.6 7 18.1 8 

### .6 8 38.5 5 50.5 1 4.2 1 2.8 6 3.8 7TABL E A4-3 9 DISTRIBUTIO N O F RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S BYB D COMPOSITIO N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 1 0

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O SO

X0 12 1 1 0 6 9 14 6 30 XT O 90 X22 9 17 9 1 5 1 1 1 4 44 8 TOTA L 22 9 30 0 2 5 1 7 2 3 59 4

PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T -- - - - - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X0.0 0 82.8 8 6.8 5 4.1 1 6.1 6 30 XT O 90 X51.1 2 39.9 6 3.3 5 2.4 6 3.1 3 WEIGHTED AVERAG

E 38.5 5 50.5 1 4.2 1 2.8 6 3.8 7
SOURCE : B D PANEL FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

Y SUMMER . 198 8

lo iP.8 6

TABL E A4-4 0 PLAN T 1 0 DAIL YCALIBRATIO N AN DDRIF T DATA

DAT E 6/28/8 8 6/29/8 8 LOH

LEVE L R F 2.0 0 3.0 7 HE D LEVE L R F 2.3 6 2.9 9 HIGH LEVE L RF 1.6 7 1.6 7 APPLIE D

RF 2.0 8 2.4 3 DRIF T CORRELATION

TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) 0.999 9 0.0 0 0.999 6 0.0 0P.8 7

TABL E A4-4 1 SUMMAR V O F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO RPLAN T 1 1 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE ) MEA N RA W MEA

N - NUMBEROV

A SCREEN B D CORRELATION CORRELATION COMPONEN T O F VALU E AMOUN T AVERAG E WEIGHTE D CURVE CURV E TYP E COMPONENT S (ppa ) (X ) SOCM I SOCM I (EPA ) (B O PANEL )
VALVE (liq ) 13 5 14 3 38. 4 .01560 0 .00599 0 .00077 9 .00047 4 VALV E (gaa ) 4 8 5 2 42. 8 .01230 0 .00525 8 .00004 0 .00001 4 FLANG E 13 6 7 25. 6 .00183 0 .00046 8 .00005 5 .00017 9

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDYSUMMER , 198 8TABL E A4-4 2 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 1 1 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L B D CONCENTRATION S

NUMBE R OF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T -~ - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) 3 9 9 2 0 3 1 13 5 VALV E (gas ) 8 3 3 6 1 0 4 8 FLANG E 8 0 5 6 0 0 0 13 6 TOTA L 12 7 18 1 6 4 1 31 9

PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S I N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100--99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m VALV E (liq ) 28.8 9 68.1 5 0.0 0 2.2 2 .7 4 VALV E (gas ) 16.6 7 68.7 5 12.5 0 2.0 8 0.0 0 FLANG E 58.8 2 41.1 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 WEIGHTED AVERAG

E 39.8 1 56.7 4 1.8 8 1.2 5 .3 1

c oTABL E A4-4 3 DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YBD COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 1 1

NUMBE RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O 30 X12 6 9 7 6 4 1 23 4 30 XT O 90 X1 8 4 0 0 0 8 5 TOTA L 12 7 18 1 6 4 1 31 9

PERCENTAGE O

F COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T -- - - TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X53.8 5 41.4 5 2.5 6 1.7 1 .4 3 30 XT O 90 X1.1 8 98.8 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 WEIGHTED AVERAGE 39.8 1 56.7 4 1.8 8 1.2 5 .3 1
SOURCE : BD PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER , 198 8P.9 0



### TABL E A4-4 4 PLANT 1 1 DAILYCALIBRATION AN DDRIF T DAT A

DAT E 6/01/8 8 6/02/8 8 6/03/8 8 6/06/8 8 6/07/8 8 

### LO

H LEVE L 

### R F 0.9 9 0.7 9 1.9 8 0.9 9 

### HE D LEVE L 

### R F 1.0 0 1.0 2 0.9 3 0.9 3 HI6 H LEVE L 

### R F 1.0 0 0.9 9 0.9 3 0.9 8 APPLIE D 

### R F 1.0 4 a 1.0 4 a 1.0 4 a 1.0 4 a DRIF T CORRELATION

TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) 0.999 9 13.7 0 0.999 9 4.8 0 0.999 9 9.7 0

3.8 0 0.999 9 7.0 0



### a ) Th i respon nfacto r un dnn a navirag i o f al l dat a bicaus i n o dati i Nir i givi nfo r tos t o f th i icriining dat a shifts . Th i riiulting avirag i valu i o f 1.0 4 hada itandar ddiviatio no f 0.29 .P.9 1

TABL E A4-4 5 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIVE EMISSION S FO RPLAN T 1 2 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSIO N FACTOR S (ALL VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALVE (gaa ) SAFET YVALV

E PUM P OPEN ENDE D LINE FLANG E NUMBE R

O F COMPONENT S 352 1 313 3 3 6 3 166 6 253 4 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN VALU E <PP» ) 160 2 200 3 6 1 692 1 180 0 MEA

N • B O AMOUN T (X ) 69. 4 61. 6 60. 1 70. 9 68. 9 67. 3 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00370 0 .00183 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .01082 0 .00757 5 .13773 8 .07719 8 .00255 0 .00123 2 CORRELATION

CURV E (EPA ) .00353 8 .00099 4 .00032 7 .04741 5 .00008 9 .00014 1 CORRELATION

CURV E (BD PANEL ) .00290 3 .00095 4 .00027 7 .04736 6 .00003 1 .00017 9

SOURCE : B

O PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDYSUMMER , 198 8TABL E A4-4 6 DISTRIBUTIO N OF COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L BD CONCENTRATION S 

### 1 2

COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m NUMBE

RO F COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALUE RANGE 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE 333 6

29 4 3 2 5 2 166 2 253 4 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 8

4 0 0 1 0 10 6

9 1 7 0 0 6 1

6 0 4 3 0 352 1

31 3 3 3 6 3 166 6 253 4 TOTA L 791 0 

### 2 3 12 3 7 4 813 0

WEIGHTE D AVERAGE PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALUE RANG

E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E <llq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P OPE N ENDE D LIN

E FLANGE 0- 9 pp

m 94.7 5 93.9 3 96.9 7 82.5 4 99.7 6 100.0 0 

### 1 0 -9 9 pp m 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 

### 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 

### .51 1.2 8 0.0 0 0.0 0 

### .0 6 0.0 0 100 0 -999 9 pp

m 3.0 1 2.8 8 3.0 3 11.1 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 >999 9 pp

m 1.7 3 1.9 2 0.0 0 6.3 5 

### .1 8 0.0 0 97.2 9 0.0 0 

### .28 1.5 1 

### .9 1

* • C OTABL E A4-4 7 DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YB D COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 1 2

NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S IN

SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O 30 X70 6 0 4 6 3 71 9 30XT O 90 X513 7 0 1 4 8 8 6 4 530 3 90 XT O 100 X206 7 0 5 2 9 7 210 8 TOTA L 791 0 0 2 3 12 3 7 4 813 0

PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S I N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5 XT O 30 X98.1 9 0.0 0 .5 6 .8 3 .4 2 30 XT O 90 X96.8 7 0.0 0 .2 6 1.6 6 1.2 1 90 XT O 100 X98.0 6 0.0 0 .2 4 1.3 8 .3 3
WEIGHTED AVERAGE 97.2 9 0.0 0 .2 8 1.5 1 .9 1
SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER , 198 8

T l C O c oP.9 4



### TABL E A4-4 8 PLAN T 1 2 DAIL YCALIBRATION ANDDRIF T DATA



## LO H LEVE L 

## R F HE D LEVE L 

## R F HI6 H LEVE L 

## R F APPLIE D 

## R F DRIF T CORRELATION TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) DAT E 2.2 2 a a ) No calibratio ndat a Ma i lubiitti db y thi i plant . Th i riiponi i facto r uii dM I anavirag i o f al l dat a fro i nin i othe r plants . Th i riiultin g avirag i valu i o f 2.2 2 ha da standar d diviatio no f 0.7 3 o r 33.1Z .P.9 5

TABL E A4-4 9 SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE D 1,3-BUTADIENE FUGITIV E EMISSION S FO

RPLANT 1 3 EMISSION ESTIMATE S FO

RAL L COMPONENT S

MEA N EMISSION

FACTOR S (AL L VALUE S I N Ib/hr/SOURCE )

COMPONEN T TYP E
VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gaa ) SAFET YVALVE PUMP FLANG E COMPRESSOR NUMBER

O F COMPONENT S 839 4 169 6 26 7 9 7 675 8 1 4 MEA

N RA W OV A SCREEN VALU E (PP" > 219 5 121 9 121 7 359 8 5 0 0

SOURCE : B D PANE L FUGITIVE EMISSION S STUDY MEA N • B O AMOUNT (X ) 63. 3 62. 9 62. 9 61. 8 60. 4 21. 8

SUMMER , 198 8 AVERAG E

SOCM I .01560 0 .01230 0 .22910 0 .10890 0 .00183 0 .50220 0 WEIGHTE D

SOCM I .00988 0 .00773 9 .14404 5 .06725 3 .00110 6 .10940 8 CORRELATION

CURV E (EPA ) .00385 2 .00098 7 .04104 3 .02786 0 .00019 1 .00001 9 CORRELATION

CURV E (B D PANEL ) .00326 4 .00094 3 .04099 1 .02781 3 .00024 4 .00000 2TABL E A4-5 0 DISTRIBUTIO N O F COMPONENT S B

YRA W OV A SCREE N VALU E FO RPLAN T 1 3 AL L COMPONENT S AN

D AL L BD CONCENTRATION S

TOTA L NUMBE ROF COMPONENT S I

N SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P FLANGE COMPRESSO

R 0- 9 pp

m 808 1 165 3 

### 26 3 8 7 675 1 

### 1 4 10 -

-9 9 pp m 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 - -99 9 

### pp

m 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 - 999 9 

### pp

m 10 9 2 0 0 6 3 0 >999 9 pp

m 

### 20 4 2 3 4 4 4 0 TOTA

L 839 4 169 6 

### 26 7 9 7 675 8 

### 1 4 1684 9 

### 13 8 23 9 1722 6

WEIGHTED AVERAGE PERCENTAGE O F COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANGE COMPONEN

T TYP E VALV E (liq ) VALV E (gas ) SAFETYVALV

E PUM P FLANGE COMPRESSO

R 0- 9 pp

m 96.2 7 97.4 6 98.5 0 89.6 9 99.9 0 100.0 0 

### 1 0 -9 9 pp m 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 

### 10 0 -99 9 pp

m 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 100 0 -999 9 pp

m 1.3 0 1.1 8 0.0 0 6.1 9 

### .0 4 0.0 0 >999 9 pp

m 2.4 3 1.3 6 1.5 0 4.1 2 

### .0 6 0.0 0 97.8 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 

### .8 0 1.3 9TABL E A4-5 1 DISTRIBUTIO N OF RA W OV A SCREENIN

G VALUE S B

YBD COMPOSITIO

N AL L COMPONENT S FO

RPLAN T 1 3

NUMBE R OF COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANGE COMPONEN

T --- - - — --._----

_

_. _ TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m TOTA

L 5 XT O 30 X251 8 0 0 3 6 2 0 257 4 30 XT O 90 X850 4 0 0 6 8 11 9 869 1 90 XT O 100 X582 7 0 0 3 4 10 0 596 1 TOTA L 1684 9 0 0 13 8 23 9 1722 6

PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT S IN SCREE N VALU E RANG E COMPONEN

T TYP E 0- 9 pp

m 10-9 9 pp

m 100-99 9 pp

m 1000-999 9 pp

m >999 9 pp

m 5XT O 30 X97.8 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.4 0 .7 8 30 XT O 90 X97.8 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 .7 8 1.3 7 90 XT O 100 X97.7 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 .5 7 1.6 8 WEIGHTE D AVERAGE 97.8 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 .8 0 1.3 9
SOURCE : B D PANEL FUGITIV E EMISSION S STUD

YSUMMER , 198 8P.9 8



### TABL E A4-9 2 PLAN T 1 3 DAILYCALIBRATION AN DDRIF T DATA



## LO H LEVE L 

## R F HE D LEVE L 

## R F HI6 H LEVE L 

## R F APPLIE D 

## R F DRIF T CORRELATION . TES T COEFFICIEN T ( Z DRIFT ) DAT E 2.2 2 a a ) No calibratio ndat a M I subiitti db y thi i plant . Th i riiponi i facto r un dM I anavirag i o f al l dat a fro i nin i othi r plants . Th i riiultin g avirag i valu i o f 2.2 2 ha da standar d diviatio no f 0.7 3 or 33.1Z .P.9 9

APPENDI X 4 BAGGING STUDY DATAP. 1

TABL E

COMPONEN T TYP E 

### FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N FL N BUTADIEN E BA66IN 6 DAT A

BD ORGANI C PHAS E (Z ) SOLVEN T

L lOO Z NON E L 100 1 NON E



### 8
L 24 Z BENZEN E

L 24 Z BENZEN E COR R SCREE N VALUE (ppi ) 

### 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 7 13 2 14 8 16 3 26 9 26 9 32 2 38 7 43 7 36 9 38 0 58 8 80 2 144 9 201 9 

### BA

6 TEH P (dt qF )



### 6 3 7 7

8 8

8 8 FLOU RAT E (il/iin )

200 0 200 0

119 0

113 0 

### BA 6 CONC (ppi ) 

### 0
4 0

40 4

249 0 CALCULATE D

HAS S FLO N (Ib/hr l O.OOOE+O O O.OOE+O O O.OOE+O O O.OOE+O O O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 1.78E-0 4 1.31E-0 3 2.03E-0 3 2.23E-0 3 2.43E-0 3 3.67E-0 3 3.67E-0 3 4.23E-0 3 1.19E-0 3 3.46E-0 3 6.78E-0 3 6.B9E-0 3 6.96E-0 3 B.98E-0 3 1.46E-0 ? 4.39E-0 3 HEASURE O

HAS S FLO N (lb/hr ) O.OOOE+O O 4.99E-0 4 O.OOE+0 0 2.41E-0 6 3.01E-0 4 O.OOE+0 0 2.49E-0 4 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 1.13E-0 3 1.04E-O 3 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+O O 1.93E-0 4 1.82E-0 4 O.OOE+O O O.OOE+0 0 1.69E-0 4 O.OOE+O O O.OOE+0 0 1.30E-0 3 1.12E-0 3P. 2



### TABL E BUTADIEN E BA66IN 6 DATA

COHPONEN T TYP E 

### VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V VL V PH P PH P OE L OE L PHAS E



### 8 6 6 8 6 6 8 8 8 S 6 6 6 6 L L L L B O (Z ) lOO Z lOO Z lOO Z 100 1



### 24 Z

24 Z 24 Z
24 Z

100 1 100 1

lOO Z lOO Z lOO Z 100 1

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 ORGANI C SOLVENT NONE NONE NONE NONE

BENZEN E

BENZEN E BUTENE S

BUTENE S

NON E NON E

NON E NON E NON E NONE

NONE NON E NON E NON E SCREEN VALUE (ppi ) 

### 0 0 0 B 2 1 S8 9 94 6 147 2 168 3 168 9 203 8 221 1 336 3 437 9 377 0 379 3 397 2 926 7 939 7 1233 2 1310 9 3022 9 

### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 6 7 73 0 98 9 133 3 164 2 

### 2 0 14 1 0 0 BA 8 TEH P ' FLO

N RAT E (dig F ) (il/iin ) 

### 8 6 8 0 7 6 8 6

8 6

8 4 7 7
7 7

8 4 8 0

9 3 8 2 8 4 8 9

7 3 8 3 8 2 7 7 200 0 200 0 200 0 200 0

113 0

113 0 300 0

113 0

200 0 200 0

200 0 200 0 200 0 200 0

200 0 200 0 200 0 200 0 

### BA 6 CONC (ppi ) 

### 4 8 9 3 6 8

114 4

168 2 191 1

367 0

472 3 

### 86 2

0 0 4 

## a

36 3 2821 0 

### 4 4 CALCULATE D HAS S FLO N (lb/hr ) O.OOE+O O O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+O O 9.68E-0 4 1.36E-0 3 7.30E-0 3 9.37E-0 3 1.13E-0 2 2.93E-0 3 1.23E-0 2 1.33E-0 2 1.40E-0 2 4.08E-0 3 4.62E-0 3 2.19E-0 2 2.20E-0 2 3.34E-0 3 2.74E-0 2 2.7BE-0 2 3.16E-0 2 3.44E-0 2 4.77E-0 2 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+O O O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 1.18E-0 4 3.09E-0 4 1.62E-0 3 2.00E-0 3 2.74E-0 3 2.84E-0 3 1.98E-0 4 1.14E-0 3 O.OOE+O O O.OOE+0 0 HEASURE D

HAS S FLO N (lb/hr ) 2.17E-0 6 4.68E-0 6 3.42E-0 5 3.91E-0 3 3.04E-0 4 3.32E-0 3 1.44E-0 3 O.OOE+O O 3.04E-0 4 4.39E-0 2 O.OOE+O O 4.82E-0 3 7.61E-0 4 3.17E-0 3 6.31E-0 2 3.71E-0 2 1.40E-0 3 6.34E-0 3 2.36E-0 1 O.OOE+0 0 2.72E-0 3 5.00E-0 4 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+O O 2.18E-0 6 4.32E-0 6 6.13E-0 4 8.38E-0 4 1.38E-0 3 3.14E-0 3 2.30E-0 3 6.86E-0 3 2.13E-0 4 1.63E-0 2 2.19E-0 6 2.33E-0 6P. 3

TABL E - . BUTADIEN E BAGGIN

G DAT A FO RVALVE S I

N LIQUI D SERVICE

Component Typ e Phas e B

D (% ) Organi c

Solvent Scree

n Value (ppm ) Calculate

d Mas s Flo

w (lb/hr ) Measure d Mas s Flo

w (lb/hr )
Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e L

L L L 100 %

100 % 100 % 100 % None

None None None 0

0 0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 9.68E-0 4 2.17E-0 6

4.68E-0 6 5.A2E-0 5 3.91E-0 5 (Average ) Defaul t Mas s Flo w Rat e = 2503E-0 5 lb/h r Defaul t Screenin

g Value = 0.003 2 pp mP. 4

TABL E BUTADIEN E BAGGIN G DAT AFOR VALVE S I NGA S SERVIC E

Componen t Typ e
Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e Valv e Phas e



### G G G G G G G G B D (% )

100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Organi c

Solven t

Non e Non e Non e Non e Scree n

Valu e (ppm )


### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calculate d Mas s Flo w (lb/hr )
0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 Measure d

Mas s Flo w (lb/hr )
0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+0 0 O.OOE+O O 2.18E-0 6 4.32E-0 6 (Average ) Defaul t Mas s Flo w Rat e - 8.119E-0 7 lb/h r

Defaul t Screening Valu e - 0.01 3 pp mP. 5

TABL E BUTADIEN E BAGGIN G DAT AFOR FLANGE S

Componen t Typ e Flang e Flang e Flang e Flang e Flang e Flang e Flang e Phas e



### G G G L G L G B D (% )

100 % 100 % Organi c

Solven t

Non e Non e Scree n

Valu e (ppm )


### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calculate d Mas s Flo w (lb/hr )
0.000E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+O 0 0.00E+0 0 0.00E+0 0 O.OOE+O O 1.78E-0 4 Measure d

Mas s Flo w (lb/hr )
0.000E+0 0 4.99E-0 4 O.OOE+O O 2.41E-0 6 5.01E-0 4 O.OOE+0 0 2.49E-0 4 (Average ) Defaul t Mas s Flo w Rat e = 1.788E-0 4 lb/h r

Defaul t Screenin g Valu e = 6.7 5 pp mP. 6

TABL E BUTADIEN E BAGGIN

G DAT A FO ROTHE RCOMPONENT S

Scree nCalculate

d Measure

d Componen

t Organi c Value Mas s Flo w Mas s Flo

w Typ e Phas e BD (% ) Solvent (ppm ) (lb/hr ) (lb/hr )
Ope nEnde d Lin e L Ope nEnde d Lin e L 100 %
100 % Non

e

None 0.00E+0 0
0.00E+0 0 2.19E-0 6

2.35E-0 6

(Average ) Defaul t Mas s Flo w Rat e = 2.269E-0 6 lb/h r Defaul t Screenin

g Value = 0.1 4 pp

mP. 7

APPENDI X5 BD FUGITIV

E EMISSION S SURVE

YP. 8

B D FUGITIV

E EMISSION S SURVEY : WOR KPRACTICES/OPERATIO N PROCEDURES/DESIG

N GUIDELINE S I N THE BUTADIEN

E PRODUCTIO

N INDUSTR

Y Surve y Guideline s Thes e question s wil l b e used b y th e contracto r an

d th e Butadiene Pane l t o explai n th

e lo w fugitiv

e emission s result s observed inou r fugitiv

e emission s stud y an d t o serv e a s a startin

g poin t fo

r discussin

g program

s t o assur e lo

w fugitiv e emission s fro

m butadiene facilitie s throug hth e Butadiene Panel . In accor d wit hou

r ongoin

g cooperativ

e agreemen t wit hth e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio

nAgency , th

e EP A wil l hav

e acces s to th

e reporte

d programs , an

d wil l participat e indiscussin g th e results . I t i s expected tha t a respons e t o th e question s wil l requir e mor e discussio

ntha nca nb e provided o

nthi s surve

y form . Pleas e attachth e additiona l response , a s needed . I t i s als o recommende d tha t program

s o r guildelines , whic hare inwriting , be include d i nth e respons e t

o thi s survey . GENERA L Wha t i s th

e nam e plat e capacity

o f th e BD Productio

nFacility ?
Summariz e th

e numbe r o f component s inth e uni t tha t contai n butadiene . 

### <1 X 2 t

o 10X »10 X Ga s Valve s Liqui d Valve s Ga s Flange s Liqui d Flange s Pump s Compressor s Open-Ended Line s Connector s Sampl e Point s Safety Relie f Valve s

I f th e concentratio

no f butadiene change s throug hth e productionunit , explai nth

e spatia l distributio no f th e concentrations . Pleas e attacha diagra m i f appropriate . 3 . Existin

g Regulation s Summariz e th

e numbe r o f component s abov e tha t are monitored unde r a n existin g state/federal/loca l fugitiv e emission s program . <ll 2 t o 10X »10 X Ga s Valve sP. 9

Li q Valve s Ga s Flange s Li q Flange s Pump s Compressor s Open-ende d Line s Connector s Sampl e Point s Safet y Relie f Valve s

MONITORING PROGRAM S

Pleas e presen t a detaile d summary o f an y progra

m tha t you have tha t wil l tel l whe na lea k ha s occurre d «von thoug hi t ma y no t identif y

th e specifi c piec e o f equipmen t leaking (are a monitoring , stron g odor , etc.) . Pleas e discus s number , location , frequency , etc. , an d provid e a diagram i f possible .

Once a lea k i s believe d t o exist , describe the mechanis m yo u us e t o identif y

th e specifi c equipmen t leakin g (organi c analyser , soa p bubbles , alarms , etc.) .

6 . Discus s tha specia l procedure s tha t yo u us e t o chec k o r preven t equipmen t type s fro m leaking , o r minimi7. 0 the impac t o f a leak . Discus s the component s t o whic hth<»* « program s woul d apply . Ga s Valve s Li q Valve s Ga s Flange s . _ H q Flange s Pump s Compressor s Open-ende d Line s Connector s Sampl e Point s Safet y Relie f Valve s D o yo u have a writte nrequiremen t inyou r proces s operatin g procedure s relatin g t o lea k inspection ? Pleas e describe . (I f possible , pleas e attach. ) T o wha t portio no f th e unit , o r components , doe s i t apply ?P.1 0



### Pleas e answe r th e followin g question s wit hrespec t t o thi s writte n program ? a . Ho w muc ho f th e uni t i s covere dunde r the inspectio n program ? Al l Component s o nstream s wit hE O greate r tha n% Component s o nCritica l Part s o f the unit ? Pleas e describ e i ndetail . b . Wha t i s th e norma l inspectio nfrequenc y (i.e. , 8 hr , 2 4 hr , weekly , etc.) ?
c . Durin g inspection , wha t i s th e mechanis m use dt o determin e tha t a lea k ha s occurred ? d . How i s th e specifi c leak y componen t identified ? e . How ar e record s o f th e inspectio nmaintained ? D o yo uals o hav e aninforma l procedur e for leak inspection ? Describ e how

i t complement s th e writte nprogra m outline d above .

Pleas e discus s th e followin g ami s wit hrnspnc t t o th ninforma l program . a . How muc ho f th e uni t i s covere dunde r th ninspectio n program ? Al l Component s o nstream

wit hE O greate r tha n7, Component s o nCritica l Part s o f th e unit ? Pleas e describ e i ndetail . b . Wha t i s th e norma l inspectio nfrequenc y (i.e. , 8 hr , 2 4 hr , weekly , etc.) ? c . Durin g inspection , wha t i s th e mechanis m use dt o determin e tha t a lea k ha s occurred ?P.1 1

d . Ho w i s the specifi c leak y componen t identified ?
e . How

ar e record s o f th e inspectio nmaintained ? 9 . Afte r proces s shut-down , describ e an y specia l lea

k check s performe d before start-up .

10 . Afte r proces s shut-down , describe an y specia l leak check s performe d afte r start-up .

MAINTENANC E 11 . Describe th e procedur e yo u us e t o maintain/correc t o r repai r equipmen t whe na lea k i s found ? Discus s i f the maintenance is : Immediat e Withi n A t Nex t Shutdow

n 12 . Describ e ho w

on-line maintenance i s don e o nequipmen t likel y t o leak .

13 . I f repair s canno t be complete d on-line o r ar e unsuccessfu l i s ther e a pla nt o shu t dow na portio no f the unit s fo r repair ? Pleas e describe .

Discus s how

th e seriousnes s o f the lea k relate s t o th e repai r time .
PROCES S DESIGN

AN D EQUIPMEN T SPECIFICATION S 14 . Are th e potentia l fo r equipmen t leak s a facto r i nproces s design ?P.1 2

Pleas e describ e ho w th e followin g factor s affec t equipmen t design . Toxicit y Explosio npotentia l Produc t los s Energ y Saving s 15 . Pleas e describ e ho w th e us e o f specifi c component s ar e impacte d b

y equipmen t lea k potential .

Conside r th e followin g factors :
a . Describ e ho w

th e toxi c o r explosiv e potentia l o f thi s chemica l i s take nint o accoun t i ndesig nspecifications . b . Describe th e condition s unde r whic hspecia l desig n specification s (AST M fo r example ) woul d b e use d i n thi s uni t (temperature , pressure , percentag e inline , etc.) .
c . Ar e vendors ' operation s periodicall y inspecte d t o insur e produc t quality ? d . Ar e component s fro m the vendo r periodicall y teste d for lea k tightness ?
16 . Discus s ho w

component s ar e teste d befor e installatio n i n thi s process ?

17 . Discus s an

y othe r qualit y

contro l step s take ndurin g constructio nt o assur e lo w leakag e potentia l (i.e. , wel d x-ra y an d interpretation , chec k valv e packing , pressur e o r hydrostati c testing , specia l installatio nguidelines , etc. )

18 . Since beginnin g operation , discus s an y equipmen t change s tha t hav e bee nmad e t o reduc e leak s (i.e. , us e o f improve d valv e packing , changin g o f gaskets , replacement s o f one bran d o fvalve s wit hanothe r valv e type) . Discus s I f notabl e reductio ni nequipmen t leakag e resulte d fro mth e changes .