CHAPTER 9. TRIAL STANDARD LEVELS
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 

9.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 9­1
 

9.2 TRIAL STANDARD LEVELS .......................................................................................... 9­2
 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 9.2.1 Trial Standard Levels for Analyzed Equipment Expressed in Terms of

Daily Energy Consumption.................................................................................. 9­3

Table 9.2.2 Trial Standard Levels Expressed in Terms of Equations and Coefficients

for Each Primary Equipment Class...................................................................... 9­4

Table 9.2.3 Trial Standard Levels Expressed in Terms of Equations and Coefficients

for each Secondary Equipment Class .................................................................. 9­5
 

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CHAPTER 9. TRIAL STANDARD LEVELS
 

9.1 INTRODUCTION
 

Section 136(c) of EPACT 2005 amended section 342 of EPCA, in part, by adding new

subsection 342(c)(4)(A), (42 U.S.C. 6313(c)(4)(A)) which directs the Secretary to issue, by rule,

no later than January 1, 2009, energy conservation standards for the following equipment,

manufactured on or after January 1, 2012: commercial ice­cream freezers; self­contained

commercial refrigerators, commercial freezers, and commercial refrigerator­freezers without

doors; and remote condensing commercial refrigerators, commercial freezers, and commercial

refrigerator­freezers. This equipment, which has never before been regulated at the Federal

level, has a large number of equipment classes covered by this rulemaking. The U.S.

Department of Energy (DOE) has, therefore, focused on conducting a thorough examination of

the equipment classes with the greatest energy savings potential. DOE relied on industrysupplied shipment data and addressed those equipment classes which had the highest shipment

values first. To address low­shipment equipment classes, DOE decided to develop correlations

by conducting a “focused matched­pair analysis.”a This methodology is described in further

detail in Chapter 5 of the TSD.

DOE selected between four and eight energy consumption levels for each commercial

refrigeration equipment (CRE) class for use in the LCC analysis. Based on the results of the

LCC analysis, DOE selected a subset of four levels above the baseline level for each product for

use in the more detailed analysis for the NOPR stage of the rulemaking. DOE refers to these as

candidate standard levels (CSLs). The range of CSLs selected includes: the most energy

efficient level or most energy efficient combination of design options, the combination of design

options or efficiency level with the minimum LCC, and a combination of design options or

efficiency level with a PBP of not more than 3 years. In addition, DOE selected two efficiency

levels for analysis that filled in the large efficiency gap between the level 1 baseline and the

minimum LCC level identified.

DOE presented a set of CSLs in the ANOPR for review based on consistent themes and

using the results of the ANOPR LCC analysis. DOE did not receive specific comments on the

levels selected, the methodology for selection, or alternative levels that would be of interest to

stakeholders. After revising the ANOPR analysis, DOE used a similar selection process for the

NOPR, but based on the NOPR LCC analysis results. In addition, DOE added one additional

Trial Standard Level based on review of early results from the NES analysis.

Because of the size variation within each equipment class and the use of daily energy

consumption as the efficiency metric, DOE presented a methodology to express efficiency

standards in terms of a normalizing metric. DOE proposed the use of Total Display Area (TDA)

as the normalizing metric for equipment with display area. For equipment without display

capability (e.g., equipment with solid doors), DOE proposed the use of internal volume as the

normalizing metric.

a The “focused matched­pair analysis” establishes a correlation between rating temperature levels and energy

consumption by quantifying the differences in energy consumption for matched pairs of equipment classes that are

very similar in features and dimensions, but have different operating temperatures.

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9.2 TRIAL STANDARD LEVELS

DOE expressed the ANOPR CSLs in terms of a normalized energy consumption using

the normalization factor for each equipment class, and within each class the size analyzed. Each

equipment class covers a range of equipment sizes. DOE proposed equations for final standards

that would have maximum energy use standards set for equipment within each class varying

linearly with the normalization metric (i.e., TDA or volume). Offset factors are used to adjust

the energy efficiency requirement for smaller­sized equipment in each equipment class analyzed.

These offset factors account for certain components of the refrigeration load (such as the

conduction “end effects”) that remain constant even when product sizes vary. These constant

loads affect smaller cases disproportionately. The offset factors are intended to approximate

these constant loads and provide a fixed end point, corresponding to a “zero TDA” or “zero

volume” case, in an equation that describes the relationship between energy consumption and the

corresponding TDA or volume metric. See Chapter 5 of the TSD for further details on the

development of these offset factors for each equipment class.

DOE preserved the general methodology and themes it used for the selection of CSL

levels in the ANOPR in establishing the equipment class specific efficiency levels that make up

the trial standard level (TSL) used in the NOPR. However, the NOPR TSLs are based on the

results of the updated LCC analysis. Table 9.2.1 shows the TSL levels selected by DOE in terms

of energy use for the specific equipment size analyzed in each class. TSL 5 is the maximum

technologically feasible (“max tech”) level for each equipment class. TSL 4 is the maximum

efficiency level with a positive NPV at the seven­percent discount rate, except in the case of

VOP.RC.M, where the minimal difference in energy efficiency between the minimum life cycle

cost level, as determined by the LCC analysis, and the maximum efficiency level with positive

NPV prompted DOE to select the minimum life­cycle cost level in preference to the maximum

level with positive NPV. For a given equipment class, the efficiency levels selected for TSL 4

are either equivalent to that of TSL 3 or that of TSL 5. TSL 3 is the efficiency level that

provided the minimum­life cycle cost as determined by the LCC analysis. TSL 2 and TSL 1

represent lower efficiency levels that fill in the gap between the baseline and the levels

determined to result in the minimum LCC.

DOE characterized the TSL levels in terms of proposed equations that establish a

maximum daily energy consumption (MEC) through a linear equation of the form:

MEC = A x TDA + B (for equipment classes that use TDA as the normalizing metric) or,

MEC = A x Volume + B (for equipment classes that use Volume as the normalizing

metric)

The coefficients A and B are uniquely derived for each equipment class based on the

calculated offset factors, B (see Chapter 5 of the TSD for offset factors) and the slope of the

equation, A, that would be used to describe the efficiency requirements for equipment of

different sizes within the same equipment class. Two points are needed to describe a linear

relationship. In this case, the two points are the offset factor, calculated for equipment with

either TDA = 0 or Volume = 0 as appropriate, and the energy consumption calculated for

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Table 9.2.1 Trial Standard Levels for Analyzed Equipment Expressed in Terms of Daily

Energy Consumption

Equipment

Class

Test

Metric

Trial Standard Level in Order of Efficiency Trial Standard Levels for Equipment Analyzed Expressed

in Terms of Energy Consumption (kWh/day)

Baseline TSL 1 TSL 2 TSL 3 TSL 4 TSL 5 Baseline TSL 1 TSL 2 TSL 3 TSL 4 TSL 5

VOP.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 5 Level 7 57.90 51.99 50.68 47.69 47.69 40.26

VOP.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 4 Level 6 Level 7 Level 7 133.60 118.44 113.28 112.00 108.77 108.77

VOP.SC.M TDEC*

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 5 Level 6 Level 6 Level 8 39.60 35.95 33.38 30.70 30.70 28.17

VCT.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 5 Level 7 Level 7 33.18 31.77 30.00 22.27 18.51 18.51

VCT.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 7 Level 7 69.31 65.73 46.90 46.36 41.85 41.85

VCT.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 4 Level 5 Level 7 Level 8 Level 8 45.63 34.40 25.31 22.74 22.37 22.37

VCS.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 5 Level 8 Level 8 Level 8 16.95 14.53 12.24 10.19 10.19 10.19

SVO.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 5 Level 7 43.56 39.58 38.59 36.34 36.34 30.97

SVO.SC.M TDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 5 Level 6 Level 6 Level 8 33.11 30.66 28.87 26.74 26.74 24.87

SOC.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 5 Level 5 Level 8 31.70 30.01 27.93 26.24 26.24 20.17

HZO.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 5 19.63 17.89 15.73 14.69 14.54 14.54

HZO.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 5 Level 5 38.38 35.30 33.41 32.97 32.97 32.97

HZO.SC.M TDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 5 Level 7 Level 8 Level 8 19.23 17.85 16.51 14.93 14.81 14.81

HZO.SC.L TDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 5 Level 7 Level 8 Level 8 38.69 36.02 33.52 30.31 30.14 30.14

HCT.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day Level 1 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6 Level 6 7.25 6.37 3.70 3.53 3.32 3.32

* “TDEC” is total daily energy consumption of the case as measured for self­contained equipment. “CDEC” is calculated daily consumption of

the case, used for remote­condensing equipment

the specific equipment analyzed as shown in Table 9.2.1. For a given equipment class at a given

TSL

B = OffsetFactorclass

(EnergyUse xSizeAnalyzed − OffsetFactor ) Class,SizeAnalyzed Class Class A = SizeAnalyzedClass

where

EnergyUseClass,SizeAnalyzed = the energy use from the engineering analysis for a particular

class and TSL

SizeAnalyzedClass = the size of equipment analyzed in terms of the normalization metric

(TDA or Volume) for each equipment class

OffsetFactorClass = the offset factors calculated for each equipment class

Table 9.2.2 shows the resulting equations describing each TSL for the 15 equipment

classes analyzed.

In addition to the 15 primary equipment classes analyzed, DOE intends to establish

standards for the remaining 23 secondary equipment classes of CRE equipment covered in this

rulemaking. DOE developed an extension approach to apply the standards developed for these

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15 “primary” equipment classes to the remaining 23 “secondary” equipment classes. This

approach involves extension multipliers developed using both the 15 primary equipment classes

analyzed and a set of “focused matched­pair analyses”. In addition, DOE believes that standards

for certain primary equipment classes can be directly applied to other similar secondary

equipment classes. Chapter 5 of the TSD discusses the development of the extension multipliers

and the set of focused matched­pair analyses. Using this approach, DOE developed an additional

set of TSLs for these secondary equipment classes that corresponds to each of the equations

shown in Table 9.2.2 at each TSL. Table 9.2.3 shows this additional set of corresponding TSL

levels. DOE emphasizes that the levels shown in Table 9.2.3 do not necessarily reflect the

minimum life­cycle cost or max tech efficiency levels for these equipment classes, and do not

reflect TSLs that DOE has analyzed in its impact analyses. The primary purpose of presenting

these levels in this section is to provide stakeholders with the range of efficiency standards that

DOE is considering for these secondary equipment classes.

Table 9.2.2	 Trial Standard Levels Expressed in Terms of Equations and Coefficients for

Each Primary Equipment Class

Equipment

Class

Test

Metric

Trial Standard Levels for Primary Equipment Classes Analyzed*

Baseline TSL 1 TSL 2 TSL 3 TSL 4 TSL 5

VOP.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day 1.01 x TDA + 4.07 0.9 x TDA + 4.07 0.87 x TDA + 4.07 0.82 x TDA + 4.07 0.68 x TDA + 4.07 0.82 x TDA + 4.07

VOP.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day 2.84 x TDA + 6.85 2.5 x TDA + 6.85 2.38 x TDA + 6.85 2.35 x TDA + 6.85 2.28 x TDA + 6.85 2.28 x TDA + 6.85

VOP.SC.M TDEC

kWh/day 2.34 x TDA + 4.71 2.09 x TDA + 4.71 1.92 x TDA + 4.71 1.74 x TDA + 4.71 1.57 x TDA + 4.71 1.74 x TDA + 4.71

VCT.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day 0.48 x TDA + 1.95 0.46 x TDA + 1.95 0.43 x TDA + 1.95 0.31 x TDA + 1.95 0.25 x TDA + 1.95 0.25 x TDA + 1.95

VCT.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day 1.03 x TDA + 2.61 0.97 x TDA + 2.61 0.68 x TDA + 2.61 0.67 x TDA + 2.61 0.6 x TDA + 2.61 0.6 x TDA + 2.61

VCT.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day 1.63 x TDA + 3.29 1.2 x TDA + 3.29 0.85 x TDA + 3.29 0.75 x TDA + 3.29 0.73 x TDA + 3.29 0.73 x TDA + 3.29

VCS.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day 0.55 x V + 0.88 0.49 x V + 0.88 0.43 x V + 0.88 0.38 x V + 0.88 0.38 x V + 0.88 0.38 x V + 0.88

SVO.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day 1.01 x TDA + 3.18 0.91 x TDA + 3.18 0.89 x TDA + 3.18 0.83 x TDA + 3.18 0.69 x TDA + 3.18 0.83 x TDA + 3.18

SVO.SC.M TDEC

kWh/day 2.23 x TDA + 4.59 2.04 x TDA + 4.59 1.9 x TDA + 4.59 1.73 x TDA + 4.59 1.58 x TDA + 4.59 1.73 x TDA + 4.59

SOC.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day 0.62 x TDA + 0.11 0.59 x TDA + 0.11 0.55 x TDA + 0.11 0.51 x TDA + 0.11 0.39 x TDA + 0.11 0.51 x TDA + 0.11

HZO.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day 0.51 x TDA + 2.88 0.45 x TDA + 2.88 0.39 x TDA + 2.88 0.36 x TDA + 2.88 0.35 x TDA + 2.88 0.35 x TDA + 2.88

HZO.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day 0.68 x TDA + 6.88 0.62 x TDA + 6.88 0.58 x TDA + 6.88 0.57 x TDA + 6.88 0.57 x TDA + 6.88 0.57 x TDA + 6.88

HZO.SC.M TDEC

kWh/day 1.14 x TDA + 5.55 1.02 x TDA + 5.55 0.91 x TDA + 5.55 0.78 x TDA + 5.55 0.77 x TDA + 5.55 0.77 x TDA + 5.55

HZO.SC.L TDEC

kWh/day 2.63 x TDA + 7.08 2.41 x TDA + 7.08 2.2 x TDA + 7.08 1.94 x TDA + 7.08 1.92 x TDA + 7.08 1.92 x TDA + 7.08

HCT.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day 1.33 x TDA + 0.43 1.16 x TDA + 0.43 0.64 x TDA + 0.43 0.61 x TDA + 0.43 0.56 x TDA + 0.43 0.56 x TDA + 0.43

*TSL Levels expressed in terms of Maximum Energy Consumption (MEC)

9­4

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Table 9.2.3 Trial Standard Levels Expressed in Terms of Equations and Coefficients for

each Secondary Equipment Class

Equipment

Class

Test

Metric

Trial Standard Levels for Secondary Equipment Classes Analyzed

Baseline TSL 1 TSL 2 TSL 3 TSL 4 TSL 5

SVO.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day 2.84 x TDA + 6.85 2.5 x TDA + 6.85 2.38 x TDA + 6.85 2.35 x TDA + 6.85 2.28 x TDA + 6.85 2.28 x TDA + 6.85

VOP.RC.I CDEC

kWh/day 3.6 x TDA + 8.7 3.17 x TDA + 8.7 3.03 x TDA + 8.7 2.99 x TDA + 8.7 2.9 x TDA + 8.7 2.9 x TDA + 8.7

SVO.RC.I CDEC

kWh/day 3.6 x TDA + 8.7 3.17 x TDA + 8.7 3.03 x TDA + 8.7 2.99 x TDA + 8.7 2.9 x TDA + 8.7 2.9 x TDA + 8.7

HZO.RC.I CDEC

kWh/day 0.87 x TDA + 8.74 0.78 x TDA + 8.74 0.73 x TDA + 8.74 0.72 x TDA + 8.74 0.72 x TDA + 8.74 0.72 x TDA + 8.74

VCT.RC.I CDEC

kWh/day 1.2 x TDA + 3.05 1.14 x TDA + 3.05 0.8 x TDA + 3.05 0.79 x TDA + 3.05 0.71 x TDA + 3.05 0.71 x TDA + 3.05

HCT.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day 0.39 x TDA + 0.13 0.34 x TDA + 0.13 0.19 x TDA + 0.13 0.18 x TDA + 0.13 0.16 x TDA + 0.13 0.16 x TDA + 0.13

HCT.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day 0.81 x TDA + 0.26 0.71 x TDA + 0.26 0.39 x TDA + 0.26 0.37 x TDA + 0.26 0.34 x TDA + 0.26 0.34 x TDA + 0.26

HCT.RC.I CDEC

kWh/day 0.95 x TDA + 0.31 0.83 x TDA + 0.31 0.46 x TDA + 0.31 0.43 x TDA + 0.31 0.4 x TDA + 0.31 0.4 x TDA + 0.31

VCS.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day 0.16 x V + 0.26 0.14 x V + 0.26 0.13 x V + 0.26 0.11 x V + 0.26 0.11 x V + 0.26 0.11 x V + 0.26

VCS.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day 0.33 x V + 0.54 0.3 x V + 0.54 0.26 x V + 0.54 0.23 x V + 0.54 0.23 x V + 0.54 0.23 x V + 0.54

VCS.RC.I CDEC

kWh/day 0.39 x V + 0.63 0.35 x V + 0.63 0.31 x V + 0.63 0.27 x V + 0.63 0.27 x V + 0.63 0.27 x V + 0.63

HCS.RC.M CDEC

kWh/day 0.16 x V + 0.26 0.14 x V + 0.26 0.13 x V + 0.26 0.11 x V + 0.26 0.11 x V + 0.26 0.11 x V + 0.26

HCS.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day 0.33 x V + 0.54 0.3 x V + 0.54 0.26 x V + 0.54 0.23 x V + 0.54 0.23 x V + 0.54 0.23 x V + 0.54

HCS.RC.I CDEC

kWh/day 0.39 x V + 0.63 0.35 x V + 0.63 0.31 x V + 0.63 0.27 x V + 0.63 0.27 x V + 0.63 0.27 x V + 0.63

SOC.RC.L CDEC

kWh/day 1.3 x TDA + 0.22 1.23 x TDA + 0.22 1.15 x TDA + 0.22 1.08 x TDA + 0.22 0.83 x TDA + 0.22 1.08 x TDA + 0.22

SOC.RC.I CDEC

kWh/day 1.52 x TDA + 0.26 1.44 x TDA + 0.26 1.34 x TDA + 0.26 1.26 x TDA + 0.26 0.97 x TDA + 0.26 1.26 x TDA + 0.26

VOP.SC.L TDEC

kWh/day 5.87 x TDA + 11.82 5.25 x TDA + 11.82 4.82 x TDA + 11.82 4.37 x TDA + 11.82 3.95 x TDA + 11.82 4.37 x TDA + 11.82

VOP.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day 7.45 x TDA + 15.02 6.68 x TDA + 15.02 6.13 x TDA + 15.02 5.55 x TDA + 15.02 5.02 x TDA + 15.02 5.55 x TDA + 15.02

SVO.SC.L TDEC

kWh/day 5.59 x TDA + 11.51 5.11 x TDA + 11.51 4.76 x TDA + 11.51 4.34 x TDA + 11.51 3.98 x TDA + 11.51 4.34 x TDA + 11.51

SVO.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day 7.11 x TDA + 14.63 6.5 x TDA + 14.63 6.05 x TDA + 14.63 5.52 x TDA + 14.63 5.06 x TDA + 14.63 5.52 x TDA + 14.63

HZO.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day 3.34 x TDA + 9. 3.06 x TDA + 9. 2.8 x TDA + 9. 2.46 x TDA + 9. 2.44 x TDA + 9. 2.44 x TDA + 9.

SOC.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day 2.13 x TDA + 0.36 2.02 x TDA + 0.36 1.88 x TDA + 0.36 1.76 x TDA + 0.36 1.35 x TDA + 0.36 1.76 x TDA + 0.36

HCS.SC.I TDEC

kWh/day 0.55 x V + 0.88 0.49 x V + 0.88 0.43 x V + 0.88 0.38 x V + 0.88 0.38 x V + 0.88 0.38 x V + 0.88

*TSL Levels expressed in terms of Maximum Energy Consumption (MEC)

9­5

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2