# Patent

## Title
Polymorphic forms of 1-′4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl-4-(2-carbamoylbenzofuran-5-yl)piperazine hydrochloride

## Abstract

The invention relates to new crystalline modifications of the hydrochloride of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine, crystalline modification of the dihydrochloride of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine and amorphous 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride which are suitable in particular for the preparation of solid medicaments for the treatment or prevention of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, mania, dementia, substance-related disorders, sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders, obesity, fibromyalgia, sleeping disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebral infarct, tension, for the therapy of side-effects in the treatment of hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and undesired puerperal lactation.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel compounds, to processes for preparing them and to their use in treating medical disorders.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1-[4-(5-Cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine, its physiologically acceptable salts thereof (U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,241, column 7, lines 30 to 58), a process (U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,241, Example 4) by which it/they can be prepared and their use in treating certain medical disorders are known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,241 and WO 00/72832.
Example 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,241 describes the preparation of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride by reacting 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carboxybenzofuran-5-yl)piperazine at first with 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium methanesulfonate in N-methylpyrrolidine and then with dried NH3.
Customary working up gives the free base 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carboxybenzofuran-5-yl)piperazine. 700 mg of the base are dissolved in 30 ml 2-propanol under heating and then treated with 0.1 n 2-propanolic HCL-solution (Merck-Art. No. 1.00326) until precipitation of hydrochloride is complete. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with diethylether and dried at room temperature to yield 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride having a melting point of 269-272° C. There is no clear teaching elsewhere in the document of any alternative route or modification to the process which would generate new crystal modifications of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride or new solvates or hydrates of 1-[(4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in different crystal modifications.
Former 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride having a melting point of 269-272° C. was a mixture of amorphous 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, crystallized 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride and the free base 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine.
Certain crystalline, i.e. morphological forms of pharmaceutical compounds may be of interest to those involved in the development of a suitable dosage form because if the morphological form is not held constant during clinical and stability studies, the exact dosage used or measured may not be comparable from one lot to the next. Once a pharmaceutical compound is produced for use, it is important to recognize the morphological form delivered in each dosage form to assure that the production process use the same form and that the same amount of drug is included in each dosage. Therefore, it is imperative to assure that either a single morphological form or some known combination of morphological forms is present. In addition, certain morphological forms may exhibit enhanced thermodynamic stability and may be more suitable than other morphological forms for inclusion in pharmaceutical formulations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Methods for preparing pure crystals of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride have now been found. Furthermore, surprinsingly, 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride, six (five+dihydrochloride XIII) new forms of 1-[4-(5-Cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, three new forms of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)buty]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hydrate, six new forms of solvates of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride and pure amorphous 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride have been found as have processes for their preparation. These forms are hereinafter referred to as I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XIII, XIV, XV and XVI respectively. Throughout the specification, the term “Form” is generally used as a synonym for the term “modification” or “crystalline modification”.
Accordingly, the present invention provides solvates of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in crystalline modifications and their use for the treatment and prevention of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, mania, dementia, substance-related disorders, sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders, obesity, fibromyalgia, sleeping disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebral infarct, tension, for the therapy of side-effects in the treatment of hypertension, cerebral disorders, chronic pain, acromegaly, hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and undesired puerperal lactation.
The present invention furthermore provides 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hydrates in crystalline modifications and their use for the treatment and prevention of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, mania, dementia, substance-related disorders, sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders, obesity, fibromyalgia, sleeping disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebral infarct, tension, for the therapy of side-effects in the treatment of hypertension, cerebral disorders, chronic pain, acromegaly, hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and undesired puerperal lactation.
The present invention also provides 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride anhydrates in crystalline modifications and their use for the treatment and prevention of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, mania, dementia, substance-related disorders, sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders, obesity, fibromyalgia, sleeping disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebral infarct, tension, for the therapy of side-effects in the treatment of hypertension, cerebral disorders, chronic pain, acromegaly, hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and undesired puerperal lactation.
The present invention relates additionally to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride in its crystalline modification and its use for the treatment and prevention of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, mania, dementia, substance-related disorders, sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders, obesity, fibromyalgia, sleeping disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebral infarct, tension, for the therapy of side-effects in the treatment of hypertension, cerebral disorders, chronic pain, acromegaly, hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and undesired puerperal lactation.
The present invention relates additionally to pure amorphous 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride and its use for the treatment and prevention of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, mania, dementia, substance-related disorders, sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders, obesity, fibromyalgia, sleeping disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebral infarct, tension, for the therapy of side-effects in the treatment of hypertension, cerebral disorders, chronic pain, acromegaly, hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and undesired puerperal lactation.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is an IR absorption spectra of Form I
FIG. 2 is an IR absorption spectra of Form II
FIG. 3 is an IR absorption spectra of Form XV
FIG. 4 is an IR absorption spectra of Form XI
FIG. 5 is an IR absorption spectra of Form XIV
FIG. 6 is an IR absorption spectra of Form V
FIG. 7 is an IR absorption spectra of Form VI
FIG. 8 is an IR absorption spectra of Form VIII
FIG. 9 is an IR absorption spectra of Form IV
FIG. 10 is an IR absorption spectra of Form III
FIG. 11 is an IR absorption spectra of Form VII
FIG. 12 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form. I
FIG. 13 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form II
FIG. 14 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form XV
FIG. 15 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form X
FIG. 16 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form XI
FIG. 17 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form XIV
FIG. 18 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form V
FIG. 19 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form VI
FIG. 20 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form VIII
FIG. 21 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form IV
FIG. 22 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form III
FIG. 23 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form VII
FIG. 24 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form IX
FIG. 25 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form XIII
FIG. 26 is an x-ray diffractogram of Form XVI
FIG. 27 is an energy/temperature diagram of Forms III, IV and VII
FIG. 28 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form I
FIG. 29 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form II
FIG. 30 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form Ill
FIG. 31 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form IV
FIG. 32 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form V
FIG. 33 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form VI
FIG. 34 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form VII
FIG. 35 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form VIII
FIG. 36 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form IX
FIG. 37 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form XI
FIG. 38 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form XIV
FIG. 39 is a diagram of thermal analysis of Form XV
FIG. 40 is a Raman spectra of Form XIV
FIG. 41 is a Raman spectra of Form XI
FIG. 42 is a Raman spectra of Form V
FIG. 43 is a Raman spectra of Form IV
FIG. 44 is a Raman spectra of Form III
FIG. 45 is a Raman spectra of Form II
FIG. 46 is a Raman spectra of Form I



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has been found that 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride is able to form solvates in crystalline modifications. Examples of such solvates include solvates from water, solvates from alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol or propan-2-ol; solvates from organic esters such as ethyl acetate; solvates from nitriles such as acetonitrile; solvates from ketones such as acetone and butanone; solvates from ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and solvates from chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and solvates of hydrocarbons such as n-heptane or toluene. Preferred solvates are formed with polar solvents, preferably water, alcohols, organic esters, nitrites, ketones and ethers.
Preferably, 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride forms solvates with acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethyl acetate or n-heptane in crystalline modifications that means the bound solvent together with 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride build the crystal structure. The molar ratio of the solvent to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride could vary as known to skilled persons in the art. Preferably, the molar ratio is between 0.25:1 to 2.5:1, more preferably between 0.5:1 to 1:1, most preferably 1:1. (n-heptan solvate 1/15:1)
It should be understood that the present solvates of the invention may contain unbound water that is to say water which is other than water of crystallization.
Preferred forms of solvates of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride include:

    a) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with acetone in Form II; (as hereinafter defined)
    b) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with tetrahydrofuran in Form II; (as hereinafter defined)
    c) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-y)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with tetrahydrofuran in Form XV; (as hereinafter defined)
    d) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with tetrahydrofuran in Form X; (as hereinafter defined)
    e) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with methanol in Form XI; (as hereinafter defined)
    f) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with n-heptane in Form XIV; (as hereinafter defined).


Generally, the specific crystalline forms of the present invention have certain advantages over the product obtained according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,241.
Among others, the most important advantages are:

    reduced hygroscopicity,
    better compressibility during the tablating process,
    prolonged shelf life,
    better thermodynamic stability, i.e. stabilty against heat and humidity,
    better resitstance to sunlight, i.e. UV-light,
    increased bulk density,
    improved solubility,
    bioavailability characteristics which are constant from one batch to the other,
    better flow and handling properties in the tableting process,
    improved color stabiltiy,
    better filtration properties in the production process.


Therefore, by use of the crystalline forms of the present invention, it is possible to obtain galenic formulations having imporved homogenicity, stability, purity and uniformity from one batch to the other.
Form I according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 1 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 12. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. Sample preparation was performed generally as KBr disk. The spectra contains additionally a specific acetone absoption band at 1709 cm−1.
Form I can be further characterized with the aid of thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° to 350° C. FIG. 28 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. Form I shows a desolvation process between 50° C. and 180° C. Analysis by thermogravimetry showed the presence of 10 weight-% to 11 weight-% of acetone (theory of 1:1 solvate 10.82 weight-%). The DSC measurement gives a phase transition to form VII between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
The molar ratio of acetone to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in said crystal modification is 1:1, that means the compound of the invention in crystal modification of Form I is 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monoacetonate.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form I according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in acetone
    (2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of 1N hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt at temperatures between 30° C. and the boiling point of acetone, preferably between 40° C. and 50° C.
    (3) precipitation of Form I at room temperature
    (4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride acetonate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Alternatively, Form I can be prepared according to a process which comprises:

    (1) suspending Form III of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, which will be described later in detail, in acetone
    (2) stirring at room temperature between a few hours or days, preferably 10 to 20 days,
    (3) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with tetrahydrofuran by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Form II according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 2 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 13. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. The spectra as shown in the figures were converted to transmission.
Form II can be further characterized with the aid of thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° to 350° C. FIG. 29 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. Form II shows a desolvation process between 120° C. and 180° C. Analysis by thermogravimetry showed the presence of 13 weight-% to 14 weight-% of THF (theory of 1:1 solvate 13.11 weight-%). The DSC measurement gives a phase transition to form VII between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
The molar ratio of tetrahydrofuran to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in said crystal modification is 1:1, that means the compound of the invention in crystal modification of Form II is a monosolvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with tetrahydrofuran.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form II according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in tetrahydrofuran
    (2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of 1N hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt at temperatures between 110° C. and 60° C., preferably between 20° C. and 30° C.
    (3) precipitation of Form II between −10° C. and 10° C.
    (4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with tetrahydrofuran by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Alternatively, Form II can be prepared according to a process which comprises:

    (1) suspending Form III of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, which will be described later in detail, in tetrahydrofuran
    (2) stirring at room temperature between a few hours or days, preferably 15 to 30 days,
    (3) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride acetonate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Form XV according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 3 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 14. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. The spectra as shown in the figures were converted to transmission.
Form XV can be further characterized with the aid of thermal analysis measured in the range of 300 to 350° C. FIG. 39 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. Form XV shows a desolvation process between 75° C. and 180° C. Analysis by thermogravimetry showed the presence of 13 weight-% to 14 weight-% of THF (theory of 1:1 solvate 13.11 weight-%). The DSC measurement gives a phase transition to form VII between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C. The molar ratio of tetrahydrofuran to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in said crystal modification is 1:1, that means the compound of the invention in crystal modification of Form XV is a monosolvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with tetrahydrofuran.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form XV according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in tetrahydrofuran
    (2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of 1N hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt at temperatures between −10° C. and 10° C., preferably between −5° C. and +5° C.
    (3) precipitation of Form XV at room temperature
    (4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with tetrahydrofuran by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Form X according to the invention has the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 15. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
The molar ratio of tetrahydrofuran to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in said crystal modification is 0.5:1, that means the compound of the invention in crystal modification of Form X is a hemisolvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with tetrahydrofuran.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form X according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in tetrahydrofuran
    (2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of 1N hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt at temperatures between 10° C. and 40° C., preferably between 20° C. and 30° C.
    (3) precipitation of Form X at room temperature
    (4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with tetrahydrofuran by filtration, and drying at temperatures up to 80° C. maximum.


Form XI according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 4 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 16. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. The spectra as shown in the figures were converted to transmission.
Form XI can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° to 350° C. FIG. 37 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. Form XI shows a desolvation process between 75° C. and 150° C. Analysis by thermogravimetry showed the presence of 6 weight-weight-% to 7 weight-weight-% of methanol (theory of 1:1 solvate 6.28 weight-%). The DSC measurement gives a phase transition to form VII between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
The molar ratio of methanol to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in said crystal modification is 1:1, that means the compound of the invention in the crystalline modification of Form XI is a monosolvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with methanol.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form XI according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) suspending Form VI of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, which will be described later in detail, in methanol at temperatures between 55° C. and the boiling point of methanol
    (2) cooling down the reaction mixture to temperatures between 40° and −10° C., preferably to −30° C.
    (3) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride methanolate by filtration at room temperature, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Form XIV according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 5 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 17. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. The spectra as shown in the figures were converted to transmission.
Form XIV can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° C. and 350° C. FIG. 38 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. Analysis by thermogravimetry showed the presence of 1 weight-% to 3 weight-% of n-heptane (theory of 15:1 solvate 1.37 weight-%, theory of 10:1 solvate 2.05 weight-%).
The molar ratio of n-heptane to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in said crystal modification is between 1:10 and 1:15, that means the compound of the invention in crystal modification of Form XIV is a solvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with n-heptane. The DSC measurement gives phase transitions between 80° C. and 120° C. and between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form XIV according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) suspending Form III of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, which will be described later in detail, in n-heptane
    (2) stirring at room temperature between a few hours or days, preferably 15 to 30 days,
    (3) recovering the precipitated solvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with n-heptane by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Additionally, it has been found that 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride is able to form hydrates in crystalline modifications. Preferably, the molar ratio of water to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride is between 0.25:1 to 2.5:1, more preferably between 0.5:1 to 1:1, most preferably 1:1.
It should be understood that the present hydrates of the invention may contain unbound water that is to say water which is other than water of crystallization.
Preferred forms of hydrates of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride include:

    a) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monohydrate in Form V; (as hereinafter defined)
    b) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in Form VI; (as hereinafter defined)
    c) 1-[(4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hemihydrate in Form VIII; (as hereinafter defined)


Form V according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 6 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 18. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. Sample preparation was performed generally as KBr disk.
Form V can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 300 to 350° C. FIG. 32 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. Form V shows a dehydration process between 25° C. and 100° C. Analysis by thermogravimetry showed the presence of 3 weight-% to 4 weight-% of water (theory of 1:1 solvate 3.63 weight-%). The DSC measurement gives a phase transition to form VII between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
Form V of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monohydrate according to the invention has surprising advantages with regard to its stability under conditions of high humidity. Form V according to the invention is obtained as colorless solid substance in form of well defined crystals.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form V according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in tetrahydrofuran
    (2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of aqueous hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt
    (3) precipitation of Form V at room temperature
    (4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindo-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monohydrate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Alternatively, Form V can be prepared according to a process which comprises:

    (1) stirring of Form IV of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, which will be described later in detail, in water with an amount of 5 to 10 times more relating to Form IV
    (3) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monohydrate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature untill the forming of the monohydrate of Form V without excess of water.


Alternatively, Form V can be prepared according to a process which comprises:

    (1) stirring of Form XIII of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride, which will be described later in detail, in water
    (3) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monohydrate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Form VI according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 7 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 19. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. Sample preparation was performed generally as KBr disk.
Form VI can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 300 to 350° C. FIG. 33 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. Form VI shows a dehydration process between 25° C. and 100° C. Analysis by thermogravimetry showed the presence of 6 weight-% to 7 weight-% of water (theory of 11:1.75 solvate 6.19 weight-%). The DSC measurement gives a phase transition to form VII between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form VI according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) stirring of Form IV of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, which will be described later in detail, in water in which the relative proportions of salt to water are between 1:5 and 1:10
    (3) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride sesquihydrate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature


Alternatively, Form VI can be prepared according to a process which comprises:

    (1) stirring of Form II of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, as described above, in water for one hour
    (3) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride sesquihydrate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Form VIII according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 8 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 20. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. Sample preparation was performed generally as KBr disk.
Form VIII can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° C. to 350° C. FIG. 35 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. Form VIII shows a dehydration process between 25° C. and 125° C. Analysis by thermogravimetry showed the presence of I weight-% to 2 weight-% of water (theory of 1:0.5 solvate 1.85 weight-%). The DSC measurement gives a melting of resulted form IX around 268° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form VIII according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) stirring of Form VI of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, as described above, in water for more than 12 hours
    (2) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hemihydrate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Alternatively, Form VIII can be prepared according to a process which comprises:

    (1) stirring of Form II of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, as described above, in water for 12 hours
    (2) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hemihydrate by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature.


Additionally, it has been found that 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5′-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride form crystalline modifications as anhydrates.
It should be understood that the present anhydrates of the invention may contain unbound water that is to say water which is other than water of crystallization.
Preferred forms of anhydrates of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride include:

    a) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in Form IV; (as hereinafter defined)
    b) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in Form II; (as hereinafter defined)
    c) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in Form VII; (as hereinafter defined)
    d) 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in Form IX; (as hereinafter defined)


Form IV according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 9 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 21. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. Sample preparation was performed generally as KBr disk.
Form IV can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° to 350° C. FIG. 31 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. The DSC measurement gives a phase transition to form VII between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
Owing to its crystalline properties, Form IV of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride according to the invention has surprising advantages with regard to its solubility and for its pharmaceutical processing into solid dosage forms. The solubility of Form IV in water is 0.328 μg/ml. Form IV according to the invention is obtained as colorless solid substance in form of well defined crystals.
As shown in FIG. 27, Form IV is the most stable form at higher temperatures, e.g. >100° C.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form IV according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in tetrahydrofuran
    (2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of aqueous hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt at temperatures between 20° and 30° C.
    (3) precipitation of Form V at room temperature
    (4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monohydrate Form V by filtration
    (5) drying of Form V in vacuo at temperatures of 850 to 90° C. to give Form IV.


Alternatively, Form IV can be prepared according to a process which comprises:

    (1) drying of Form XI of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monomethanolate, as described above, at temperatures between 55° and 65° C. to give Form IV.


This particular polymorphic form (herein designated “Form IV”) has superior properties over other crystalline forms and is more suitable for inclusion in pharmaceutical formulations.
Form III according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 10 and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 22. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. Sample preparation was performed generally as KBr disk.
Form III can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° to 350° C. FIG. 30 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. The DSC measurement gives a phase transition to form VII between 200° C. and 260° C. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 2900.
Owing to its crystalline properties, Form III of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride according to the invention is the most stable form at room temperature, that means the thermodynamically stable form at room temperature (FIG. 27). Form III according to the invention is obtained as colorless solid substance in form of well defined crystals.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form III according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in tetrahydrofuran
    (2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of 1N hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt at temperatures between 10° C. and 40° C., preferably between 20° C. and 30° C.
    (3) precipitation of Form II at room temperature
    (4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride solvate with tetrahydrofuran by filtration
    (5) drying of Form II in vacuo at temperatures of at least 100° C. to give Form III.


Form VII according to the invention has the characteristic IR absorption spectra as shown in FIG. 1I and the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 23. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
IR absorption spectra were measured in the spectral range 4000-400 cm−1 on a Bruker IFS48. Spectral resolution was 2 cm−1. Sample preparation was performed generally as KBr disk.
Form VII can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° to 350° C. FIG. 34 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. The DSC measurement indicates the melting point of the pure Form VII at 288° C.
Form VII is the high temperature form of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride according to the invention. Form VII according to the invention is obtained as colorless solid substance in form of well defined crystals.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form VIII according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) tempering Form IV of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, as described above, at temperatures of at least 200° C., preferably at 250° C., for 30 minutes.


Form IX according to the invention has the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 24. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
Form IX can be further characterized with the aid of a thermal analysis measured in the range of 30° to 350° C. FIG. 36 shows the DSC (TA Instruments DSC 2920) and TGA (TA Instruments TGA 2950) measurements. The DSC measurement gives of the melting of form IX at 267° C. followed by a recrystallisation to form VII. The thermoanalytically resulting form VII melts between 280° C. and 290° C.
Form IX according to the invention is obtained as colorless solid substance in form of well defined crystals.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form IX according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) drying of Form VIII of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride, as described above, at temperatures between 90° C. and 110° C. to give Form IX.


Additionally, it has been found that 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride form crystalline modifications.
It should be understood that the present dihydrochlorides of the invention may contain unbound water that is to say water which is other than water of crystallization.
A preferred form of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride is 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride in Form XIII; (as hereinafter defined).
Form XIII (dihydrochloride) according to the invention has the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 25. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
Form XIII according to the invention is obtained as colorless solid substance in form of well defined crystals.
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form XIII according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in an organic solvent chosen from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, isopropanol or mixtures thereof with water
    (2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of 2N or concentrated hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt at temperatures between 20° and 30° C.
    (3) precipitation of Form XII at room temperature
    (4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride Form XII by filtration
    (5) drying of Form XII in vacuo at room temperature.


Preferably, the solvates of the present invention are in a form having a dense crystalline structure which enables the raw active ingredient to be easily formulated into final dosage form.
Additionally, Form XVI of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride has been found.
Form XVI according to the invention has the characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 26. XRD pattern were recorded using a x-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker AXS D5000) in transmission mode (Cu K alpha 1, PSD).
The invention also provides a process for preparing the above Form XVI according to the invention, which comprises:

    (1) dissolving 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in acetonitrile and water in the molar ratio 1:1
    (2) freeze-drying or spray-drying overnight to give Form XVI of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride.


Similarly, the freeze-dry process can be performed in other mixtures of water miscible organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran, alcohols, N-methylpyrrolidon) with water.
Additionally, a pure amorphous Form of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride has been found.
It has been found that due to the solubility and bioavailability properties, Form II and Form VII are useful as an ingredient of extended release formulations. Form II is especially useful as an ingredient of extended release formulations.
These Forms of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride or dihydrochloride, as referred to as Forms I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VII, IX, X, XI, XIII, XIV, XV and XVI respectively and all of which are hereinafter referred to as the “products of the invention” can be used to treat and prevent the disorders:

    depressive disorders, including the sub-type disorders major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder, adolescent depression, anxiety disorders, including the sub-type anxiety disorders chosen from the sub-types panic disorder with and/or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, social phobia, specific phobia including neophobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress indication or generalized-anxiety disorder, bipolar disorders, mania, dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct, substance-related disorders, sexual dysfunctions including premature ejaculation, eating disorders including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and/or obesity, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, sleeping disorders including dyssomnias and narcolepsy, psychiatric disorders like psychoses, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, cerebral infarct like stroke and cerebral ischemia, CNS disorders such as tension.


They are also useful for the therapy of side-effects in the treatment of hypertension (e.g. with α-methyldopa) and for the prophylaxis and therapy of cerebral disorders, in endocrinology and gynecology, e.g. for the treatment of acromegaly, hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome or undesired puerperal lactation.
These disorders are herein after referred to as “the Disorders”.
The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions or medicaments comprising a Product of the Invention. The pharmaceutical composition may comprise additionally one or more conventional auxiliary substances and/or carriers.
Thus, the Products of the Invention can be formulated into the conventional forms of administration, including peroral and parenteral forms of administration. Tablets or capsules are preferred formulations. They can be produced by conventional mixing processes and with the use of conventional auxiliary substances and carriers, as well as binders, disintegrants, flavorings and the like. The dose corresponds to that mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,241.
Additionally, the invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one product of the invention for the treatment of the Disorders.
The following compositions are prefered:
A Composition comprising Form IV and Form V.
A Composition comprising Form IV and Form V in a molar ratio of about 100 to 1 to 10 to 1.
A Pharmaceutical preparation comprising an active ingredient consisting essentially of a mixture of Form IV and Form V.
A Pharmaceutical preparation comprising an active ingredient consisting essentially of a mixture of Form IV and Form V in a molar ratio of about 100 to 1 to 10 to 1.
An extended release formulation comprising Form I and/or Form III and/or form VIII is also preferred.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of Products of the Invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of and prevention of the Disorders, such as depressive disorders, adolescent depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, mania, dementia, substance-related disorders, sexual dysfunctions, eating disorders, obesity, fibromyalgia, chronic pain, sleeping disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebral infarct, tension, for the therapy of side-effects in the treatment of hypertension, cerebral disorders, chronic pain, acromegaly, hypogonadism, secondary amenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome and undesired puerperal lactation.
The present invention further provides a method for treating and/or preventing any one or more of the Disorders by administering an effective and/or prophylactic amount of the Products of the Invention to a patient in need thereof.
Preferably, the Disorders which are treated are depression, anxiety disorders, more preferably social anxiety disorder, panic disorder generalised anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and/or obsessive compulsive disorder.
Accordingly, the present invention is further concerned with pharmaceutical formulations comprising this polymorphic form as an active ingredient, and the use of this polymorphic form and its formulations in the treatment of certain disorders.
For the treatment of certain conditions it may be desirable to employ the specific crystalline forms of the present invention in conjunction with another pharmacologically active agent. It will be appreciated that the compound of the present invention may be presented together with another therapeutic agent as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use for the relief of emesis. Such combined preparations may be, for example, in the form of a twin pack.
Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The preferred specific embodiments and examples are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative to the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
The entire disclosures of all applications, patents, and publications cited above and below, are hereby incorporated by reference.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Production of Form I of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Method 1:
1 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine is dissolved in 80 ml of acetone. The temperature of the solution is allowed to come to 50° C. and 0.5 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid is added to the reaction mixture. After stirring for 2 to 3 minutes the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and precipitation occurs. Suction filtration of the precipitated crystals is effected. Drying in vacuo at room temperature to constant weight leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride acetonate Form I.
Method 2:
2.25 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride Form III are dispersed in 200 ml of acetone. After stirring for 14 days the precipitated crystals are recovered by filtration, and drying in vacuo at room temperature to constant weight leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride acetonate Form I which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 1 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 12.
Example 2
Production of Form II of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Method 1:
1 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine is dissolved in 46.6 g tetrahydrofuran and 2.2 g 1N hydrochloric acid is added to the reaction mixture. After precipitation and stiring for 30 minutes suction filtration of the precipitated crystals is effected. Drying in vacuo at room temperature to constant weight leads to the monosolvate of 1-[4-(S-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with tetrahydrofuran of Form 11 which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 2 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 13.
Method 2:
3 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride Form III are dispersed in 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran. After stirring for 20 days the precipitated crystals are recovered by filtration. Drying in vacuo at room temperature to constant weight leads to the solvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with tetrahydrofuran of Form II.
Example 3
Production of Form XV of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
10 ml of 1N hydrochlorid acid are added to a solution of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride in tetrahydrofuran [200 ml] (molar ratio base to tetrahydrofuran=1:48) at 0° C. After stirring for 30 min the precipitated crystals are recovered by filtration. Drying in vacuo at room temperature to constant weight leads to the solvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with tetrahydrofuran of Form XV which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 3 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 14.
Example 4
Production of Form X of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
8.6 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and 19.4 ml 1N hydrochloric acid and 7.4 ml water are added within 30 minutes to this solution at 35-37° C. After stirring of five hours, precipitation occurs and suction filtration is effected. Drying in vacuo at room temperature to constant weight leads to the solvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with tetrahydrofuran of Form X which present the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 15.
Example 5
Production of Form XI of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
3 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride Form IV are dispersed in 500 ml of methanol at 60° C. The reaction mixture is cooled to −30° C. and precipitation occurs. Suction filtration of the prepcipitated crystals is effected at room temperature. Drying in vacuo to constant weight leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride methanolate of Form XI which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 4 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 16.
Example 6
Production of Form XIV of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
3.6 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride Form III are dispersed in 75 ml of n-heptane. After stirring for three weeks suction filtration of the prepcipitated crystals is effected at room temperature. Drying in vacuo to constant weight at room temperature leads to the solvate of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride with n-heptane of
Form XIV which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 5 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 17.
Example 7
Production of Form V of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Method 1:
To a solution of 1 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in 32.6 g tetrahydrofuran 2.1 g hydrochloric acid (37 weight-%) are added. After stirring suction filtration of the precipitated crystals is effected. Drying in vacuo to constant weight at room temperature leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hydrate of Form V which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 6 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 18.
Method 2:
2.25 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride Form IV are dispersed in 10 bis 20 g water. After stirring for 24 to 48 hours the crystals are recovered by filtration, and drying in vacuo to constant weight at room temperature leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hydrate of Form V.
Method 3:
10 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride Form XII are dispersed in 1 l water. After stirring for 48 hours the crystals are recovered by filtration, and drying in vacuo to constant weight at room temperature leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hydrate of Form V.
Example 8
Production of Form VI of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Method 2:
10 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride Form II are dispersed in 100 ml water. After stirring for 1 hour the crystals are recovered by filtration, and drying in vacuo to constant weight at room temperature leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hydrate of Form VI.
Example 9
Production of Form VIII of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Method 1:
1 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride Form VI are dispersed in 10 ml water. After stirring for 12 hours the crystals are recovered by filtration, and drying in vacuo to constant weight at room temperature leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hydrate of Form VIII which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 8 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 20.
Method 2:
10 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride Form II are dispersed in 10 to 20 g water. After stirring for more than 1 hour the crystals are recovered by filtration, and drying in vacuo to constant weight at room temperature leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride hydrate of Form VIII. (After stirring for about 1 hour Form VI ocurrs as an intermediate which is subsequently converted into Form VIII)
Example 10
Production of Form IV of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Method 1:
Drying of Form V prepared according to example 7 in vacuo to constant weight at 85° to 90° C. leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride of Form IV which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 9 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 21.
Method 2:
Drying of Form XI prepared according to example 5 in vacuo to constant weight at 60° C. leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride of Form IV.
Example 11
Production of Form III of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Drying of Form II prepared according to example 2 in vacuo to constant weight at 100° to 110° C. leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride of Form III which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 10 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 22.
Example 12
Production of Form VII of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Tempering of Form IV prepared according to example 10 for 10 minutes at 250° C. leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride of Form VII which present the IR absorption spectra of FIG. 11 and the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 23.
Example 13
Production of Form IX of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Drying of Form VIII prepared according to example 9 in vacuo to constant weight at 100° to 110° C. leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride of Form IX which present the x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 24.
Example 14
Production of Form XIII of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride
3 g of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine is dissolved in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 10 ml of 2N or concentrated hydrochloric acid. After stirring for 2 to 3 minutes suction filtration of the precipitated crystals is effected. Drying in vacuo at room temperature to constant weight leads to 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine dihydrochloride of Form XII which present the characteristic x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 25.
Example 15
Production of Form XVI of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride
Method 1: Freeze-Dry
500 mg of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride of Form IV, III, VII or IX are dissolved in a mixture of 100 ml acetonitril and 100 ml water. The solution is freeze-dried over night to yield 500 mg of a white powder which present the characteristic x-ray diffraction spectrum of FIG. 26.
Advantage: 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride is better soluble in the solvent mixture than in each solvent alone. Similarly the freeze-dry process can be performed in other mixtures of water miscible organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran, alcohols, N-methylpyrrolidon) with water.
Method 2:
b) Spray-dry
500 mg 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride of Form IV, III, VII or IX are dissolved in a mixture of 100 ml acetonitril and 100 ml water. The solution is spray-dried to yield Form XVI.
Example 16
Solubility data of Forms II, III, IV, V, VI and VII are measured according to Alex Avdeef et al, Pharm. Pharmacol. Commun. 1998, 4, 165-178 and Alex Avdeef et al, Pharmaceutical Research 2000, 17, 85-89 via potentiometric titration.
The pSOLTM solubility profiler, automatically collects potentiometric data, calculates the pH-solubility profiles, and prints the values at 0.1 pH unit intervals. Intrinsic solubilities in the milli-, micro- and nanogram levels can be determined. Also presented are two new concepts, the Flux Factor Profile and Dose Limit Profile. Both concepts follow the guidelines consistent with the BioPharmaceutics Classification Scheme.







TABLE II







Solubility data in μg/ml













Form








I
Form II
Form III
Form IV
Form V
Form VI
Form VIII





0.08
0.03
0.12
0.33
0.18
0.23
0.10









Below are given the most relevant peaks of the IR-spectra of the individual Forms:
Form I
3459 (m), 3335 (w), 3271 (m), 3252 (w), 3202 (m), 3180 (m), 3148 (m), 3039 (w), 3009 (w), 2941 (m), 2868 (m), 2847 (m), 2660 (m), 2579 (m), 2487 (w), 2451 (m), 2212 (m), 1761 (w), 1711 (s), 1673 (s), 1617 (m), 1597 (s), 1577 (m), 1473 (m), 1468 (m), 1444 (m), 1423 (w), 1400 (m), 1364 (s), 1319 (w), 1302 (w), 1279 (w), 1265 (m), 1244 (w), 1225 (s), 1197 (w), 1184 (m), 1171 (m), 1136 (w), 1115 (m), 1100 (m), 1093 (sh), 1034 (w), 1013 (w), 973 (w), 956 (m), 939 (m), 925 (w), 881 (m), 864 (m), 841 (w), 832 (w), 821 (m), 801 (m), 762 (m), 738 (m), 730 (w), 689 (sh), 673 (m), 644 (m), 622 (w), 607 (w), 580 (w), 543 (w), 534 (w), 508 (m), 500 (m), 491 (m), 471 (w), 454 (w).
Form II
3458 (m), 3424 (sh), 3348 (w), 3277 (w), 3204 (m), 3184 (m) 3036 (w), 3008 (w), 2972 (sh), 2938 (m), 2863 (m), 2659 (m), 2597 (m), 2579 (m), 2556 (m), 2459 (m), 2210 (m), 1736 (w), 1677 (s), 1618 (m), 1601 (s), 1578 (m), 1552 (sh), 1474 (m), 1446 (m), 1402 (m), 1376 (m), 1368 (m), 1320 (m), 1302 (w), 1275 (w), 1262 (m), 1250 (m), 1221 (m), 1198 (w), 1186 (m), 1169 (m), 1156 (w), 1131 (w), 1116 (w), 1101 (w), 1065 (m), 1034 (w), 1011 (w), 974 (w), 955 (m), 941 (m), 925 (w), 913 (w), 881 (m), 859 (w), 833 (w), 817 (w), 809 (w), 800 (m), 762 (w), 739 (w), 694 (w), 676 (w), 640 (m), 607 (w), 583 (w), 542 (w), 506 (w), 495 (w), 455 (w).
Form III
3460 (m), 3337 (w), 3269 (m), 3257 (m), 3177 (m), 3145 (m), 3061 (m), 3033 (m), 3001 (w), 2936 (m), 2922 (sh), 2865 (m), 2837 (w), 2787 (w), 2655 (m), 2591 (m), 2457 (m), 2218 (m), 1674 (s), 1618 (m), 1598 (s), 1577 (m), 1473 (m), 1463 (m), 1453 (sh), 1445 (m), 1402 (m), 1380 (m), 1368 (m), 1356 (m), 1329 (m), 1320 (m), 1304 (w), 1284 (w), 1265 (m), 1256 (m), 1240 (m), 1226 (m), 1215 (m), 1186 (m), 1172 (m), 1124 (m), 1097 (m), 1088 (sh), 1059 (w), 1035 (w), 987 (w), 955 (m), 941 (m), 924 (w), 918 (sh), 879 (m), 853 (w), 835 (w), 809 (m), 800 (m), 784 (w), 762 (m), 736 (w), 677 (w), 659 (w), 629 (m), 608 (w), 581 (w), 544 (w), 495 (w), 478 (m), 454 (w).
Form IV
3437 (m), 3328 (w), 3273 (w), 3030 (m), 3006 (m), 2987 (m), 2938 (m), 2915 (m), 2875 (m), 2845 (m), 2660 (m), 2459 (m), 2222 (s), 1899 (w), 1670 (s), 1602 (s), 1577 (s), 1475 (m), 1444 (s), 1370 (s), 1320 (m), 1304 (m), 1281 (m), 1275 (m), 1249 (m), 1227 (s), 1186 (m), 1162 (m), 1141 (w), 1131 (w), 1112 (m), 1099 (w), 1082 (w), 1032 (w), 971 (w), 951 (m), 942 (m), 909 (w), 881 (m), 854 (w), 822 (m), 768 (w), 733 (w), 691 (w), 660 (w), 642 (w), 628 (w), 607 (w), 581 (w), 526 (m), 502 (w), 493 (w), 471 (w), 461 (W).
Form V
3483 (s), 3460 (s), 3222 (s), 3192 (m), 3007 (w), 2947 (m), 2864 (w), 2838 (w), 2784 (w), 2682 (m), 2606 (m), 2478 (w), 2461 (w), 2219 (m), 1669 (s), 1604 (s), 1575 (m), 1474 (m), 1461 (m), 1444 (m), 1402 (m), 1382 (m), 1371 (sh), 1362 (m), 1321 (w), 1304 (w), 1271 (m), 1263 (sh), 1247 (m), 1226 (m), 1185 (m), 1160 (m), 1137 (w), 1113 (m), 1101 (w), 1091 (w), 1082 (w), 1058 (w), 1048 (w), 1030 (w), 1008 (w), 972 (w), 954 (m), 942 (m), 917 (w), 883 (w), 857 (w), 822 (m), 815 (m), 767 (w), 739 (w), 682 (w), 661 (w), 641 (w), 624 (w), 591 (w), 583 (w), 529 (m), 499 (w).
Form VI
3410 (s), 3334 (sh), 3271 (s), 3217 (s), 3188 (s), 3172 (s), 3032 (sh), 2938 (m), 2915 (m), 2846 (m), 2675 (m), 2581 (m), 2539 (sh), 2449 (m), 2216 (s), 1670 (s), 1603 (s), 1593 (s), 1577 (s), 1470 (m), 1444 (s), 1397 (m), 1381 (s), 1369 (sh), 1350 (m), 1323 (m), 1304 (m), 1272 (m), 1247 (m), 1219 (s), 1187 (m), 1164 (m), 1132 (m), 1120 (m), 1099 (m), 1030 (w), 1008 (w), 983 (w), 960 (m), 942 (m), 920 (w), 887 (m), 854 (w), 838 (w), 815 (m), 776 (sh), 767 (w), 739 (w), 727 (sh), 677 (w), 655 (w), 635 (m), 607 (w), 542 (w), 530 (w), 499 (w), 472 (w), 426 (w).
Form VII
3480 (sh), 3459 (s), 3166 (m), 3146 (m), 3031 (m), 3007 (m), 2926 (m), 2870 (sh), 2853 (m), 2664 (m), 2570 (m), 2540 (sh), 2460 (m), 2221 (m), 1673 (s), 1613 (sh), 1592 (s), 1578 (sh), 1552 (m), 1475 (m), 1445 (m), 1398 (m), 1366 (m), 1319 (m), 1303 (m), 1275 (m), 1248 (m), 1226 (m), 1187 (m), 1177 (m), 1161 (m), 1133 (w), 1114 (w), 1101 (w), 1033 (w), 1009 (w), 973 (w), 952 (m), 942 (m), 925 (w), 919 (w), 882 (m), 855 (w), 823 (m), 815 (m), 769 (w), 735 (w), 690 (w), 642 (m), 627 (w), 608 (w), 581 (w), 571 (w), 559 (w), 547 (w), 501 (w).
Form VIII
3379 (m), 3342 (m), 3298 (m), 3234 (m), 3188 (s), 3141 (s), 3027 (w), 2938 (m), 2866 (w), 2844 (m), 2787 (w), 2729 (w), 2679 (m), 2598 (m), 2210 (s), 1658 (s), 1611 (s), 1576 (w), 1556 (m), 1472 (m), 1464 (m), 1443 (s), 1404 (s), 1385 (sh), 1369 (m), 1331 (sh), 1321 (m), 1302 (w), 1286 (w), 1264 (w), 1249 (m), 1230 (s), 1177 (m), 1162 (m), 1128 (w), 1117 (w), 1099 (w), 1084 (w), 1033 (w), 1008 (w), 971 (w), 958 (m), 941 (m), 926 (w), 917 (w), 898 (w), 882 (w), 870 (w), 857 (w), 836 (w), 826 (w), 803 (s), 767 (w), 733 (w), 687 (m), 655 (w), 641 (m), 618 (w), 599 (w), 554 (w), 535 (w), 503 (w), 493 (w), 470 (w), 439 (w).
Form XI
3415 (s), 3290 (m), 3282 (m), 3234 (s), 3196 (s), 3176 (s), 3005 (m), 2993 (m), 2938 (m), 2849 (m), 2678 (m), 2629 (m), 2592 (m), 2473 (m), 2457 (m), 2217 (s), 1680 (s), 1673 (s), 1608 (s), 1594 (sh), 1576 (s), 1474 (m), 1457 (sh), 1440 (s), 1427 (sh), 1401 (m), 1372 (m), 1365 (m), 1354 (m), 1321 (m), 1304 (sh), 1281 (m), 1263 (w), 1247 (m), 1236 (m), 1222 (s), 1185 (m), 1175 (m), 1169 (m), 1160 (sh), 1128 (m), 1121 (m), 1100 (m), 1086 (m), 1032 (w), 1019 (w), 978 (w), 958 (m), 942 (m), 921 (w), 893 (w), 884 (m), 856 (m), 813 (m), 775 (w), 764 (w), 739 (w), 731 (w), 699 (w), 673 (m), 658 (w), 634 (m), 608 (m), 567 (m), 544 (m), 535 (w), 502 (w), 492 (w), 476 (w), 466 (w), 455 (w).
Form XIV
3458 (s), 2923 (m), 2853 (m), 2696 (w), 2595 (w), 2456 (w), 2218 (m), 1674 (s), 1617 (m), 1598 (s), 1580 (sh), 1559 (sh), 1472 (m), 1445 (m), 1401 (m), 1383 (m), 1369 (m), 1321 (m), 1304 (w), 1263 (sh), 1240 (m), 1226 (m), 1216 (m), 1186 (m), 1169 (m), 1159 (m), 1123 (m), 1096 (m), 1057 (w), 1034 (w), 986 (w), 956 (m), 941 (m), 924 (w), 883 (w), 864 (w), 853 (m), 810 (m), 801 (m), 762 (m), 735 (m), 641 (w), 629 (m), 501 (m).
Form XV
3458 (s), 3281 (m), 3227 (m), 3187 (sh), 2935 (m), 2925 (sh), 2866 (w), 2701 (w), 2594 (w), 2455 (w), 2217 (m), 1675 (s), 1617 (m), 1598 (m), 1578 (m), 1472 (m), 1444 (m), 1401 (m), 1380 (m), 1369 (m), 1357 (sh), 1320 (w), 1303 (w), 1265 (m), 1241 (m), 1227 (m), 1215 (m), 1203 (w), 1186 (w), 1172 (m), 1123 (w), 1097 (w), 1087 (w), 1032 (w), 986 (w), 956 (w), 941 (m), 924 (w), 882 (w), 853 (w), 835 (w), 812 (w), 802 (w), 762 (w), 736 (w), 676 (w), 641 (w), 630 (w).
Below are given the most relevant peaks of the Raman-spectra of the individual Forms with an estimated accuracy of +/−5 cm−1:
Form I:
3128 (m), 3071 (m), 3044 (w), 3011 (w), 2993 (m), 2975 (m), 2956 (m), 2912 (m), 2868 (m), 2849 (m), 2214 (s), 1674 (m), 1618 (m), 1594 (s), 1578 (s), 1553 (m), 1475 (w), 1446 (m), 1400 (w), 1367 (m), 1347 (m), 1337 (m), 1322 (m), 1303 (m), 1282 (m) 1267 (m), 1244 (s), 1229 (m), 1184 (m), 1174 (m), 1138 (m), 1097 (m), 1052 (m), 1033 (m), 1014 (m), 974 (w), 957 (w), 940 (m), 925 (w), 914 (w), 881 (m), 836 (w), 818 (m), 794 (w), 783 (w), 767 (w), 753 (w), 729 (w), 693 (w), 674 (w), 658 (w), 644 (w), 625 (w), 608 (W), 587 (w), 581 (w), 540 (w), 503 (w), 492 (w), 477 (w), 443 (w), 438 (w), 407 (w), 380 (w), 328 (w), 298 (w), 268 (w), 252 (w), 230 (w), 211 (w).
Form II:
3128 (w), 3113 (w), 3068 (m), 3040 (w), 3031 (w), 2992 (m), 2974 (m), 2957 (m), 2905 (m), 2865 (m), 2850 (m), 2222 (m), 2210 (s), 1679 (m), 1617 (m), 1603 (s), 1579 (s), 1552 (m), 1476 (w), 1447 (m), 1404 (w), 1369 (m), 1358 (m), 1347 (m), 1323 (m), 1304 (m), 1277 (m), 1266 (m), 1245 (m), 1233 (w), 1220 (w), 1186 (m), 1176 (m), 1134 (w), 1102 (w), 1051 (m), 1033 (m), 1010 (w), 974 (w), 957 (w), 942 (m), 927 (w), 917 (w), 882 (m), 862 (w), 846 (w), 830 (m), 819 (m), 786 (w), 767 (w), 755 (w), 735 (w), 695 (w), 679 (w), 661 (w), 641 (w), 632 (w), 608 (w), 586 (w), 541 (w), 506 (w), 495 (w), 477 (w), 447 (w), 438 (w), 405 (w), 379 (w), 330 (w), 298 (w), 270 (w), 255 (w), 228 (w), 212 (m).
Form III:
3128 (w), 3087 (sh), 3061 (m), 2995 (m), 2984 (m), 2966 (m), 2957 (m), 2939 (m), 2916 (m), 2867 (m), 2790 (w), 2220 (s), 1675 (m), 1619 (s), 1595 (s), 1579 (s), 1554 (m), 1476 (w), 1446 (m), 1404 (w), 1376 (w), 1352 (m), 1328 (m), 1303 (m), 1285 (m), 1272 (m), 1266 (m), 1247 (s), 1228 (w), 1215 (w), 1170 (m), 1137 (w), 1098 (m), 1058 (w), 1034 (w), 989 (w), 957 (m), 942 (m), 924 (m), 884 (m), 858 (w), 839 (m), 826 (m), 783 (w), 752 (w), 731 (w), 702 (w), 678 (w), 659 (w), 628 (w), 609 (w), 581 (w), 563 (w), 546 (w), 496 (w), 482 (w), 469 (w), 444 (w), 409 (m), 367 (w), 352 (w), 328 (w), 285 (w), 264 (w), 249 (w), 212 (m).
Form IV:
3160 (w), 3145 (w), 3109 (m), 3073 (m), 3008(w), 2987 (m), 2973 (m), 2959 (w), 2936 (w), 2910 (m), 2870 (w), 2849 (m), 2797 (w), 2226 (s), 1665 (W), 1622 (m), 1588 (s), 1549 (m), 1478 (m), 1445 (m), 1410 (w), 1355 (m), 1346 (m), 1322 (m), 1277 (m), 1252 (m), 1189 (m), 1144 (w), 1116 (m), 1049 (w), 1034 (w), 1005 (w), 973 (w), 943 (m), 927 (w), 916 (w), 883 (m), 831 (m), 817 (w), 770 (w), 757 (w), 736 (w), 695 (w), 685 (w), 661 (w), 642 (w), 628 (w), 610 (w), 587 (w), 536 (w), 504 (w), 493 (w), 475 (w), 460 (w), 439 (w), 409 (w), 390 (w), 344 (w), 317 (w), 277 (w), 248 (w), 223 (w).
Form V:
3112 (w), 3091 (m), 3074 (m), 3028 (w), 3004 (w), 2081 (m), 2933 (w), 2919 (m), 2866 (w), 2841 (w), 2787 (w), 2222 (s), 1663 (w), 1618 (m), 1607 (m), 1577 (s), 1552 (m), 1478 (m), 1440 (m), 1406 (w), 1381 (m), 1358 (m), 1342 (m), 1321 (m), 1307 (m), 1276 (m), 1252 (m), 1235 (m), 1189 (m), 1143 (w), 1105 (w), 1092 (w), 1052 (w), 1012 (w), 974 (w), 944 (m), 927 (w), 918 (w), 885 (m), 860 (w), 847 (w), 830 (m), 771 (m), 757 (w), 736 (w), 696 (w), 684 (w), 660 (w), 642 (w), 626 (w), 610 (w), 583 (w), 541 (m), 501 (w), 478 (w), 441 (w), 410 (w), 381 (w), 323 (w), 302 (w), 282 (w), 239 (w), 226 (w).
Form XI:
3133 (m), 3094 (w), 3078 (m), 3060 (m), 3004 (w), 2989 (m), 2968 (m), 2943 (m), 2923 (w), 2897 (m), 2871 (w), 2852 (w), 2835 (w), 2221 (s), 1676 (m), 1613 (s), 1578 (s), 1544 (m), 1473 (m), 1447 (m), 1424 (m), 1401 (w), 1375 (m), 1353 (m), 1342 (m), 1325 (m), 1302 (m), 1279 (m), 1264 (m), 1246 (m), 1233 (m), 1222 (w), 1197 (w), 1186 (w), 1171 (m), 1130 (w), 1102 (w), 1078 (m), 1049 (w), 1018 (w), 983 (w), 959 (w), 942 (m), 923 (m), 886 (m), 857 (w), 838 (m), 817 (m), 765 (w), 749 (w), 733 (w), 698 (w), 673 (w), 658 (w), 634 (w), 627 (w), 609 (w), 566 (w), 546 (w), 535 (w), 503 (w), 492 (w), 481 (w), 467 (w), 440 (w), 432 (w), 406 (m), 366 (w), 354 (w), 327 (w), 285 (w), 241 (w).
Form XIV:
3128 (w), 3061 (m), 3002 (m), 2995 (m), 2983 (w), 2966 (m), 2957 (m), 2938 (m), 2914 (m), 2867 (m), 2219 (s), 1675 (m), 1619 (s), 1596 (s), 1579 (s), 1554 (m), 1475 (w), 1446 (m), 1404 (w), 1374 (w), 1352 (m), 1329 (w), 1322 (w), 1303 (m), 1285 (m), 1273 (m), 1265 (m), 1247 (m), 1228 (w), 1216 (w), 1204 (w), 1187 (w), 1170 (m), 1137 (w), 1098 (m), 1058 (w), 1034 (w), 989 (w), 958 (w), 942 (m), 924 (m), 884 (m), 858 (w), 840 (m), 825 (w), 782 (w), 752 (w), 732 (w), 701 (w), 678 (w), 657 (w), 629 (w), 609 (w), 581 (w), 563 (w), 546 (w), 536 (w), 496 (w), 482 (w), 469 (w), 443 (w), 409 (m), 397 (w), 367 (w), 328 (w), 319 (w), 286 (w), 265 (w), 248 (w), 212 (w).
Table III:
Data of powder-XRD-pattern of polymorphic Forms.
(10 characteristic peaks of each polymorph have been taken for evaluation.
The XRD instrument is controlled for 2Theta±0.1°).
Form I:
















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
8,501
10,40
21



2
7,898
11,19
17



3
6,606
13,39
31



4
6,532
13,54
25



5
6,416
13,79
26



6
5,590
15,84
28



7
4,210
21,09
63



8
3,761
23,64
18



9
3,632
24,49
100



10
3,452
25,79
26










Form II:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
8,426
10,49
29



2
7,541
11,73
25



3
6,742
13,12
41



4
6,119
14,46
33



5
5,455
16,24
39



6
4,592
19,32
30



7
4,425
20,05
26



8
4,083
21,75
54



9
3,782
23,50
100



10
3,380
26,35
37










Form III:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
15,165
5,82
32



2
8,034
11,00
27



3
5,944
14,89
27



4
5,224
16,96
23



5
5,089
17,41
15



6
4,932
17,97
18



7
4,195
21,16
23



8
4,029
22,05
35



9
3,520
25,28
100



10
3,181
28,03
16










Form IV:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
9,732
9,08
22



2
6,885
12,85
10



3
6,102
14,50
22



4
5,246
16,89
9



5
4,695
18,89
100



6
4,344
20,43
20



7
4,088
21,72
12



8
3,615
24,61
67



9
3,258
27,35
17



10
3,164
28,18
12










Form V:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
9,466
9,34
14



2
8,166
10,83
15



3
6,807
13,00
20



4
6,569
13,47
12



5
4,742
18,70
16



6
4,563
19,44
100



7
4,416
20,09
32



8
4,231
20,98
12



9
3,503
25,41
64



10
3,408
26,13
14










Form VI:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
9,762
9,05
29



2
8,841
10,00
17



3
6,780
13,05
52



4
4,250
20,89
42



5
4,177
21,26
100



6
3,888
22,85
37



7
3,846
23,11
20



8
3,766
23,61
41



9
3,724
23,87
17



10
3,594
24,76
20










Form VII:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
8,472
10,43
18



2
6,336
13,97
10



3
5,476
16,17
10



4
4,893
18,12
9



5
4,664
19,01
100



6
4,236
20,96
30



7
3,676
24,19
10



8
3,609
24,65
71



9
3,561
24,99
8



10
3,071
29,05
16










Form VIII:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
7,656
11,55
18



2
6,672
13,26
34



3
6,538
13,53
20



4
5,721
15,48
20



5
5,244
16,89
54



6
4,700
18,87
25



7
4,475
19,82
45



8
4,330
20,49
34



9
3,745
23,74
100



10
3,240
27,50
20










Form IX:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
7,044
12,56
31



2
6,712
13,18
22



3
5,487
16,14
40



4
5,218
16,98
30



5
4,897
18,10
46



6
4,714
18,81
42



7
4,445
19,96
67



8
3,554
25,04
100



9
3,333
26,72
32



10
3,173
28,10
31










Form X:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
15,817
5,58
31



2
9,123
9,69
23



3
8,280
10,68
27



4
7,953
11,12
28



5
6,561
13,48
42



6
6,440
13,74
36



7
5,507
16,08
35



8
4,167
21,30
98



9
4,132
21,49
49



10
3,576
24,88
100










Form XI:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
10,348
8,54
39



2
7,077
12,50
25



3
6,717
13,17
28



4
4,778
18,56
23



5
4,599
19,28
34



6
4,490
19,76
100



7
4,239
20,94
51



8
4,186
21,21
18



9
3,504
25,40
66



10
3,391
26,26
69










Form XIII:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
6,579
13,45
85



2
6,121
14,46
63



3
5,424
16,33
28



4
5,047
17,56
47



5
4,884
18,15
21



6
4,344
20,43
64



7
4,301
20,63
25



8
4,181
21,24
100



9
3,414
26,08
45



10
3,145
28,36
23










Form XIV:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















 1
15,012
5,88
29



 2
7,980
11,08
20



 3
5,182
17,10
24



 4
4,886
18,14
100



 5
4,189
21,19
20



 6
3,999
22,21
24



 7
3,494
25,47
64



  8*



  9*



 10*







*Further peaks exhibit intensities < 3*noise.






Form XV:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
16,422
5,38
27



2
9,225
9,58
55



3
8,281
10,68
38



4
6,430
13,76
66



5
5,541
15,98
44



6
3,985
22,29
65



7
3,782
23,50
43



8
3,592
24,77
60



9
3,389
26,28
100



10
3,358
26,52
30










Form XVI:

















No.
d (Å)
2θ
I/I0





















1
11,249
7,85
36



2
10,139
8,71
46



3
8,348
10,59
100



4
4,555
19,47
31



5
4,201
21,13
51



6
3,955
22,46
50



7
3,749
23,72
40



8
3,629
24,51
87



9
3,325
26,79
44



10
2,817
31,74
44

## Claims

1. A process for preparing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride anhydrate in its crystalline modification IV, having characteristic x-ray diffraction peaks at 6,102, 5,246, 4,695, and 3,615 d(Å), comprising:
drying Form V of 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monohydrate, having characteristic x-ray diffraction peaks at 6,807, 4,563, 4,416, and 3,503 d(Å), in vacuo at temperatures of 85° to 90° C.

2. A process according to claim 1, wherein Form V is prepared by:
(1) dispersing 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine in tetrahydrofuran
(2) converting the 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine base, by addition of aqueous hydrochloric acid into the hydrochloride salt
(3) precipitation of Form V at room temperature
(4) recovering the precipitated 1-[4-(5-cyanoindol-3-yl)butyl]-4-(2-carbamoyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-piperazine hydrochloride monohydrate by filtration.