Approved by: 

Superfund Division 

EPA Region IX 

Final Close-Out Report 

Sola Optical USA, Inc. 

Superfund Site 

Sonoma County, California 

A ril 30, 2013 

Prepared By: 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Region IX 

75 Hawthorne Street 

San Francisco, California 94105 

SDMS DOCID# 1138428
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... i 

I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1

II. Summary of Site Conditions ...............................................................................................1

Background ................................................................................................................................................. 1 

Early Investigations and Removal Actions ............................................................................................ 2 

Final Investigations and Remedies Selected .......................................................................................... 3 

Remedial Actions ....................................................................................................................................... 4 

Institutional Controls ................................................................................................................................. 5 

III. Monitoring Results ..............................................................................................................6 

IV. Attainment of Groundwater Restoration Clean-up Levels ..........................................7

V. Summary of Operation and Maintenance Required .....................................................7

VI. Demonstration of Clean-up Activity Quality Assurance/Quality Control ...............8

Construction QA/QC ................................................................................................................................ 8 

Operation and Maintenance QA/QC ..................................................................................................... 8 

Sampling and Analysis.............................................................................................................................. 9 

VII. Five-Year Review ................................................................................................................9

Summary of Last Five-Year Review ........................................................................................................ 9 

Follow-up Actions Since the Last 5-Year Review ................................................................................ 10 

VIII. Site Completion Criteria ................................................................................................10

IX. Completion of Institutional Controls ..............................................................................10

X. Bibliography ...........................................................................................................................12

XI. Tables and Figures ...............................................................................................................13

Table 1: ROD-Specified MCLs and Drinking Water Standards, Sola Optical USA, Inc., 

Sonoma County, CA ................................................................................................................ 15 

Table 2: Groundwater-Quality Data, Primary VOCs (1997-Present), Former Sola Optical U.S.A., 

Inc., Facility, Petaluma, California ........................................................................................ 16 

Figure 1: Site Vicinity Map .................................................................................................................... 23 

Figure 2: Monitoring Well Locations .................................................................................................... 24

Figure 3: Concentrations of 1,1-DCA Versus Time in Well W-27 .................................................... 25 

Figure 4: Figure 5: Concentrations of 1,1-DCE Versus Time in Well W-27 ................................... 26 

Figure 5: 1,1-Dichloroethane, Mann Kendall Trend Analysis .......................................................... 27 
i

ACRONYMS 

1,1,1-TCA 1,1,1-trichloroethane 

1,1,2-TCA 1,1,2-trichloroethane 

1,1-DCE 1,1-dichloroethene 

1,1-DCA 1,1-dichloroethane 

1,2-DCA 1,2-dichloroethane 

5YR Five-Year Review 

bgs below ground surface 

CSPRMD County of Sonoma Permit and Resource Management Department 

EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency 

GWTS groundwater extraction and treatment system 

IC institutional control 

MCL Maximum Contaminant Limit 

μg/L micrograms per liter 

mg/kg milligrams per kilogram 

MNA monitored natural attenuation 

msl mean sea level 

O&M operation and maintenance 

PCE tetrachloroethene 

PVC polyvinyl chloride 

QA/QC quality assurance/quality control 

RAO Remedial Action Objective 

ROD Record of Decision 

TCE trichloroethene 

UST underground storage tank 

VOAs volatile organic analysis 

VOC volatile organic compound 
1 

I. Introduction 

EPA’s remedial action objective for the Sola Optical USA, Inc. (Sola) Superfund Site (Site) –

namely, to restore the groundwater to drinking water standards – has been achieved. All 

response actions have been successfully completed. 

II. Summary of Site Conditions 

Background 

The Site is located in the City of Petaluma in Sonoma County, California, just east of Lakeville 

Highway’s intersection with Interstate Highway 101, as shown on Figure 1. The Site’s main 

property contains a manufacturing building and adjoining administration office building. Six 

underground storage tanks (USTs) were formerly located behind the north corner of the 

manufacturing part of the facility. The Site building is currently occupied by three companies, 

which utilize the main facility building and the loading docks. There is a fence located along the 

eastern Site boundary. Since 2005, an asphalt parking lot and four building pads with the 

associated below grade infrastructure (i.e., electrical and plumbing) have been constructed on 

the auxiliary 11 acre lot, adjacent to the main property. 

The topography of the area is essentially flat, gently sloping 50 feet per mile from low hills in 

the east towards the Petaluma River, located approximately one mile southwest of the Sola 

building. Adobe Creek, located 0.3 miles west of the Sola building, runs north-south and flows 

intermittently into the Petaluma River one mile south from the Site. 

Geologic investigations indicate that the depositional sediments at the Site consist of a complex 

sequence of alluvial deposits consisting of interbedded clays, silts, and sands, with lesser 

amounts of gravel. At depths of approximately 80 to 100 feet below ground surface (bgs), 

thicker clay intervals are present, which appear to be relatively continuous over distances of 

hundreds of feet. Interbedded within the clay are silt, sand, and gravel layers of various 

thicknesses. These deeper sediments probably represent complex alluvial and estuarine 

depositional environments (LFR, 1989).

Since 2005, groundwater in the shallow sediments was generally encountered from 6 to 18.5 feet 

above mean sea level (msl). The aquifer is unconfined and the groundwater flows 

south/southwesterly towards the Petaluma River, most likely the point of discharge. Natural 

recharge occurs at the base of the foothills to the north/northeast. The shallow aquifer extends 

to approximately 30 feet below msl and has been classified by the United States Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA) as a Class IIa drinking water source aquifer. Below the shallow 

aquifer, the intermediate aquifer is approximately 30 to 60 feet below msl. The deep aquifer is 

from approximately 60 to 100 feet below msl, the deeper aquifer from approximately 100 to 200 

feet below msl, and the deepest aquifer is greater than 200 feet below msl (LFR, 1990).

The 35-acre Sola property is zoned for industrial use. Land-use in the surrounding area is 

industrial, commercial, residential, and undeveloped land. The adjacent property to the west of 
2 

the Site was previously owned by Stero Company, a manufacturer of dishwashers. There are 

residential subdivisions to the north and northwest of the Site, approximately 200 feet away. 

Property east of the Site is used for office space and the Harvest Christian School. 

The approximately 11-acre (889,060 square feet) previously undeveloped auxiliary lot in the 

southwest portion of the Site was purchased by RNM Cader, L.L.C. (RNM) for development in 

approximately 2001. An asphalt parking lot and four building pads with the associated below 

grade infrastructure (i.e., electrical and plumbing) were constructed on this lot between 2005 

and 2010. The approximately 24-acre main lot of the Sola property, including the buildings, was 

sold to Kland, L.L.C. in 2002. The buildings include the original manufacturing building, the 

adjoining administration office building, and a parking lot surrounding the buildings. Three 

commercial tenants currently occupy the Site building: Petaluma Poultry, Reynolds Packaging, 

and Scott Laboratories. Petaluma Poultry conducts sales and distribution of poultry; Reynolds 

Packaging conducts storage and distribution of food packaging materials; and Scott 

Laboratories conducts manufacturing and finishing of cork for the wine industry. 

The City of Petaluma uses the unconfined aquifer in the area as a drinking water source. In the 

vicinity of the Site, one City of Petaluma municipal water supply well (Station #5, screened 

from 180 to 512 feet bgs) and two private wells (Stero industrial well and Crandell residential 

well) were previously used. In addition, one City of Petaluma well (screened from 60 to 280 feet 

bgs) was installed at the Site but never used. All of these wells were shut down and/or 

abandoned in accordance with State of California well decommissioning requirements. 

Sola manufactured ophthalmic lenses at the facility from 1978 through 2001. The facility 

consisted of the one manufacturing building and adjoining administration office building. The 

manufacturing process involved the injection of a catalyzed, thermosetting resin into a cavity 

between polished glass molds. The mold assembly was then placed in an air oven to cure the 

resin. The assembly was removed from the oven and subsequently put through a cleaning 

process before the production was repeated. The six USTs located behind the rear north corner 

of the manufacturing part of the facility were used to store solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane 

(1,1,1-TCA), acetone, and methanol. 

Early Investigations and Removal Actions 

In May 1982, Sola found low concentrations of volatile organic compound (VOC) contamination 

in the groundwater beneath the Site, near the six USTs. In 1983, the San Francisco Regional 

Water Quality Control Board (Regional Board) directed Sola to investigate the contamination, 

and 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE), methylene chloride, and 1,1,1-

TCA were identified in the groundwater. In July 1985, Sola excavated and removed the six 

USTs. When the tanks were removed, there were no signs of leakage from the tanks; however, 

observations of the tank fill pipes and surrounding backfill showed staining on the pipes and in 

the adjacent backfill (LFR, 1990). It was concluded that the groundwater contamination might 

be a result of accidental spillage adjacent to, or leakage from, the fill pipes. 

The tank removal included excavation of gravel backfill materials and three to five feet of native 

soil from the sides and bottom of the excavation pit. Confirmation sampling identified the 

presence of three contaminants: acetone, 1,1-DCE, and trans-1,2-dichloroethene. Based on these 
3 

findings, an additional two feet of soil was excavated from the eastern wall of the former tank 

area. Further confirmation sampling demonstrated the presence of VOCs, including acetone. No 

additional excavation was performed (LFR, 1990). 

In July 1986, soil gas samples were collected from 40 locations, ranging from three to five feet 

bgs, to determine if VOCs were migrating from shallow groundwater and to aid in selection of 

locations for groundwater monitoring and extraction wells. Chemicals detected in the soil gas 

included: chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-DCA, 1,1-DCE, tetrachloroethene (PCE), and 

1,1,1-TCA. Maximum concentrations were found approximately 70 feet downgradient from the 

location of the former USTs (CH2M Hill, 1991). 

In 1987, the Regional Board ordered Sola to construct and operate a groundwater extraction and 

treatment system (GWTS). Sola conducted the activities, with the treated groundwater being 

discharged into Adobe Creek, just northwest of the Site, under a permit from the Regional 

Board. The extraction and treatment system began operating in 1988. Sola also arranged to have 

the City of Petaluma shut down the nearby municipal water supply well, to avoid interference 

with the groundwater clean-up efforts and prevent potential use of Site-impacted groundwater. 

In 1989, EPA became the lead regulatory agency for remedial activities at the Site. On February 

21, 1990, EPA added the Site to the National Priorities List of Superfund sites. Soon thereafter, 

EPA issued an administrative order directing Sola to conduct further environmental sampling 

and to prepare a remedial investigation report and a feasibility study of clean-up options, both 

of which Sola completed in 1991. 

Final Investigations and Remedies Selected 

EPA issued a Record of Decision for the Site in 1991 (1991 ROD). Twelve chemicals of potential 

concern were identified in the 1991 ROD: acetone, butanone, 1,1-DCA, 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-

DCA), 1,1-DCE, Freon 113, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, PCE, toluene, 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,2-

trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA), and trichloroethene (TCE). Contamination was found in the soil 

(acetone ranging up to 54 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and 1,1-DCE at 0.051 mg/kg), and 

in the groundwater (primarily 1,1-DCA, 1,1-DCE, 1,1,1-TCA, and Freon-113). The highest 

contaminant concentration in groundwater was 1,1-DCE (3,300 micrograms per liter [μg/L]), 

detected in shallow well W-14 located downgradient of the former UST area. The wells on the 

downgradient edge of the Site indicated that the lateral extent of the VOC contamination within 

the Sola property was at or below the clean-up standards (EPA, 1991). 

The risk assessment presented in the 1991 ROD indicated an excess lifetime cancer risk based on 

use of on-site contaminated groundwater for drinking water of 1x10-4 (1 person out of 10,000 

people), primarily from 1,1 DCE. The non-carcinogenic risk estimate for contaminated 

groundwater indicated that no adverse noncarcinogenic health effects were expected. 

The ecological assessment identified Adobe Creek as the closest surface water body to the Site 

and as a site of a local project to reintroduce anadromous steelhead trout to the creek. However, 

water quality samples from groundwater monitoring wells installed between the Sola property 

and Adobe Creek did not detect any contaminants, indicating that discharge of contaminants to 

surface water had not occurred. In addition, contaminants detected in groundwater at the Site 
4 

were below their corresponding federal surface water quality criteria for the protection of 

aquatic life. 

Based on the remedial investigation report, feasibility study, and risk assessment, EPA issued 

the original ROD on September 27, 1991 (EPA, 1991). The Remedial Action Objective (RAO) 

was to restore groundwater to its beneficial use, which is drinking water (Table 1). The 1991 

ROD determined that an expanded GWTS was the most appropriate method for remediating 

contamination at the Site. The selected site cleanup remedy consisted of the following elements: 

 Groundwater monitoring to assure capture of contaminated groundwater and to 

demonstrate restoration of groundwater to cleanup standards throughout the aquifer 

 Operation of existing extraction wells (8) 

 Construction and operation of two additional shallow extraction wells 

 Conversion of monitoring wells LF-13 and LF-17 to deep extraction wells 

 Construction and operation of additional piping for the new and converted wells 

On-site treatment and discharge off-site or discharge to the City of Petaluma sewage 

treatment system 

A ROD Amendment was signed on March 30, 2007, modifying the previously selected remedy 

for the Site, but leaving intact the 1991 ROD’s remedial action objective of restoring 

groundwater to its beneficial use as drinking water (EPA, 2007). The evaluations leading to the 

ROD Amendment are described in the following section. The 2007 ROD Amendment addressed 

the two issues that prompted the remedy change: (1) groundwater clean-up, and (2) 

Institutional Controls (ICs). The new remedy selected in the 2007 ROD Amendment includes 

the following elements(EPA, 2007): 

 Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) to achieve groundwater clean-up standards 

 ICs to protect against inappropriate use of the contaminated groundwater until the 

clean-up standards are achieved 

 Monitoring of both of the remedy components until clean-up standards are achieved 

and sustained 

Remedial Actions 

Sola expanded the system in 1992, pursuant to the 1991 ROD and a Unilateral Administrative 

Order issued by EPA (EPA, 1992a), and continued its operations. EPA signed an “Interim 

Close-out Report” to document completion of the construction and operability of the system

(EPA, 1992b). This report served as the Preliminary Close-out Report and as the Remedial 

Action Report. 

The system was expected to restore the shallow groundwater to clean-up standards within 15-

20 years. Initially, concentrations of the VOC contamination at the Site decreased significantly. 

By 1997, however, the rate of contaminant reduction had decreased. Groundwater monitoring 

data at four wells showed that concentrations of two contaminants, 1,1-DCE and 1,1,-DCA, 

appeared to have stabilized and reached an asymptote at levels above the clean-up standards. 

Continued monitoring reflected no further reductions in contaminant concentrations. Some 

areas of the contaminated aquifer had achieved the clean-up standard of 5 parts per billion for 

1,1-DCA but not the entire plume. The extraction and treatment system was no longer 

effectively removing these lower concentrations of contaminants from the groundwater. 
5 

In 1997, Sola requested approval from EPA to shut off the extraction and treatment system and 

issue a technical impracticability waiver, arguing that the clean-up goals for these two 

contaminants could not be achieved using extraction and treatment. EPA requested instead 

that Sola examine MNA as a potential remedy for the Site. Sola ceased operating the GWTS and 

monitored the aquifer’s response under EPA’s oversight. 

The concentrations of the two remaining contaminants slowly declined. In 2001, Sola analyzed 

the data gathered since system shut-down in 1997 and presented its evaluation of MNA, 

following EPA guidance (LFR, 2001). Sola’s evaluation concluded that extraction and 

treatment alone would not be capable of achieving the clean-up standard for the remaining 

aquifer contaminant, but MNA would likely be an effective remedy for attaining the clean-up 

standard. EPA indicated it would proceed with amending the 1991 ROD to establish MNA as 

the new remedy. The extraction and treatment system was decommissioned in 2002, and Sola 

prepared a workplan and monitoring report for MNA. 

Sola began conducting MNA-type monitoring in 2003, based upon EPA’s approval of their 2002 

workplan. The plan consisted of continued semi-annual groundwater monitoring, with water 

level being measured for 4 wells and water quality sampling conducted for 1 well (W-27). (See 

Figure 2). Contaminant concentrations in the other wells had been below MCLs for several 

years or more. The work was performed by Sola’s contractor, LFR/Arcadis. EPA later approved 

this workplan as the remedial design (EPA, 2008). 

Sampling results showed concentrations of the two contaminants continuing to decline. In 

2006, EPA prepared a Proposed Plan (issued in January 2007) for the MNA remedy. In March 

2007, EPA signed the ROD Amendment that formally selected MNA and ICs to achieve and 

sustain clean-up standards. In accordance with the 2007 ROD Amendment, no additional 

facilities were constructed for the implementation of the ROD Amendment. 

Sola conducted the semi-annual sampling through December 2009, followed by one 

groundwater monitoring event conducted in 2010, none in 2011, and one in 2012. In 2012, EPA 

determined that the clean-up standards had been achieved and sustained, as documented in a 

Remedial Action Report for the MNA remedy, signed on May 11, 2012 (EPA, 2012). The 

groundwater sampling results from these events are discussed in detail in Sections III and IV. 

Institutional Controls 

The 1991 ROD did not include ICs as part of the remedy (EPA, 1991). The 1991 ROD evaluated 

the need for ICs and concluded that none were necessary, on the basis that groundwater at the 

Site would soon be cleaned up to federal and state groundwater standards, rendering it 

available for domestic uses. 

The Second Five-Year Review (5YR) report, however, determined that ICs would address an 

existing risk to human health and the environment during the clean-up period (EPA, 2005). 

Accordingly, the 2007 ROD Amendment added a requirement that ICs be implemented to 

protect against inappropriate use of the contaminated groundwater until the clean-up standards 

are achieved. As soon as the clean-up standards were achieved, the ICs would not be necessary. 
6 

The primary IC selected for the Site is a restrictive covenant (EPA, 2007). The objective of the 

restriction is to prevent use of the groundwater that could result in unacceptable exposure of 

humans or the environment to contaminants. The restrictive covenant has not been 

implemented. However, now that the groundwater cleanup goals have been achieved, the ROD 

Amendment specifies that the ICs are no longer needed. 

The 2007 ROD Amendment includes an additional IC, which involves the local well permitting 

process. The County of Sonoma Permit and Resource Management Department (CSPRMD) is 

responsible for issuing all well installation permits (EPA, 2007). The CSPRMD has a 

computerized system called Permits Plus that is used to maintain information about properties 

in Sonoma County (EPA, 2007). As described in the 2007 ROD Amendment, EPA requested that 

the CSPRMD place a note within the Permits Plus system regarding the Site parcel that lies 

directly above the contaminated groundwater (EPA, 2007). This note would indicate that the 

parcel is part of a Superfund site and that well permits should not be issued before consulting 

with the CSPRMD and EPA. If anyone requests a permit for the Sola Site parcel, this note would 

appear within the Permits Plus system and the CSPRMD would review the permit request 

within the context of the Site requirements. This note was implemented in October 2011 

(Sonoma County, 2011). 

III. Monitoring Results 

Site closure criterion was agreed upon by the Site team in January 2006, in response to 

recommendations presented in the 5YR report. It was agreed that groundwater monitoring at 

well W-27 would be continued until it was demonstrated that the cleanup goal for 1,1-DCA (i.e., 

the California Maximum Contaminant Limit (MCL) of 5 μg/l) and other VOCs had been 

maintained for four consecutive semiannual sampling events, or a minimum of two years. At 

that time, 1,1-DCA was the only constituent whose concentration in groundwater remained 

above the MCL. 

As shown in Table 2, 1,1-DCA concentrations in well W-27 have been below the MCL in three of 

the last four monitoring events, and have remained below the MCL since June 2010 (greater 

than two years). In addition, the July 2012 1,1-DCA concentration is the lowest ever detected in 

this well, indicating the continued attenuation of 1,1-DCA. The 1,1-DCE concentration has also 

decreased from the June 2010 concentration to below the laboratory reporting limit of 0.5 μg/l. 

This is the first 1,1-DCE concentration below the reporting limit in this well since November 

2000. 

The trend of 1,1-DCA concentrations in well W-27 was assessed using both the concentrationversus-time graph (Figure 3) and a Mann-Kendall trend analysis (Figure 5). The concentration 

trend graph presents all 1,1-DCA data collected at well W-27 from 1987 through the present. 

The Mann-Kendall analysis was conducted using 1,1-DCA concentrations from 2003 through 

the present. This date range was selected because 2003 marked the initiation of a monitored 

natural attenuation program at the Site. 

As previously mentioned, the concentration-versus-time trend graph for 1,1-DCA in W-27 

illustrates a generally decreasing trend, especially from samples collected in 2003 to the present 
7 

(Figure 3). This decreasing trend is further supported by the Mann-Kendall trend analysis that 

was conducted. As shown in Figure 5, a decreasing trend was calculated with high confidence 

for the 1,1-DCA concentrations in W-27. 

Based on the two consecutive years of VOC concentrations below their respective MCLs and the 

decreasing concentration trend of 1,1-DCA in well W-27, EPA believes the groundwater cleanup 

standards have been achieved and the Site can be closed-out. 

IV. Attainment of Groundwater Restoration Clean-up Levels 

Since 2005, the only constituents detected in the aquifer were 1,1 DCA, and 1,1,1-TCA. Table 2

shows the maximum concentrations of 1,1-DCE, 1,1-DCA, and 1,1,1-TCA detected in 

groundwater samples from the seven shallow wells (W-22, W-25, W-27, LF-2, E-3, E-5, and E-7) 

from 2005 to 2010 (LFR/Arcadis, 2009 and Roth, 2010). Table 2 presents all groundwater quality 

data since 1997. The concentrations of all three chemicals in most wells had shown a dramatic 

decline from high initial concentrations in 1986 to low concentrations or non-detect by 2005 and 

later. In well W-27, concentrations of 1,1-DCE, 1,1-DCA, and 1,1,1-TCA were non-detect in 1986 

and rose later. Their concentrations fluctuated until April 1991, when 1,1-DCA started to 

steadily increase and remained above the MCL through 2009, except for an occasional dip in 

concentration. As of 2009, only one well (W-27) in the shallow aquifer was still monitored for 

VOCs. The 1,1-DCE concentrations over time in W-27 are shown in Figure 4, and the 1,1-DCA 

concentrations over time in the same well are shown in Figure 3. 

The concentration of 1,1-DCA in well W-27 had dropped below the MCL of 5 μg/L in the June 

2010 sampling, and it remained below the MCL in the 2012 sampling. The Mann-Kendall trend 

analysis demonstrated the decreasing trend (Figure 5). Since 2005, the 1,1-DCE concentration 

had been below the MCL (6 μg/L) in all locations. 

Since 2005, 1,1,1-TCA has not been detected in groundwater samples collected from any of the 

shallow wells on the Site. 

Groundwater was continuously analyzed and data reported for 1,2-DCA, TCE, and Freon 113, 

but most often these constituents were non-detect in all of the wells. Since 2005, 1,2-DCA, TCE, 

and Freon 113 have not been detected in any of the groundwater samples collected from 

shallow wells on the Site. No emerging constituents of concern have been identified in soil or 

soil gas at the Site (EPA, 2005).

V. Summary of Operation and Maintenance Required 

No operation and maintenance (O&M) activities are required at this site. All clean-up goals 

have been met, consisting of attaining drinking water MCL standards in the groundwater. No 

further remedial actions or O&M thereof are required. No ICs are required to remain in place. 
8 

VI. Demonstration of Clean-up Activity Quality Assurance/Quality 

Control (QA/QC) 

Construction QA/QC 

The remedial actions selected by the 2007 ROD Amendment did not require any additional 

construction activities. The remedial actions consisted of MNA and ICs. The MNA utilized 

existing wells for ongoing monitoring. Thus no construction QA/QC plan was prepared for the 

remedial action. 

Operation and Maintenance QA/QC 

The O&M activity associated with the MNA remedy consists of semi-annual groundwater 

monitoring. In 2005, 2006, and early 2007, ten wells were monitored for groundwater elevation 

semi-annually, seven wells were sampled for VOCs annually, and four wells were sampled for 

VOCs semi-annually. In July 2007, three groundwater monitoring wells (W-22, W-25, and LF-2) 

and three extraction wells (E-3, E-5, and E-7) were abandoned and sealed in accordance with 

California Department of Water Resources guidelines (LFR, 2007) and pursuant to California 

State Department of Health Services Environmental Health Division permit number 05582 

HMW. Sampling had shown that VOC concentrations in these wells had been consistently 

below clean-up standards. Figure 2 shows the status of the monitoring wells in 2010. No 

intermediate or deep wells remain; all remaining wells are shallow. One or more of the 

remaining extraction wells may be used for future sampling if the need is identified. Since 

October 2007, the remaining four wells have been monitored for groundwater elevation and one 

of them (W-27) continues to be monitored for VOCs. 

No O&M activities are necessary or conducted relating to the IC remedy component. 

To provide quality control for the semi-annual groundwater monitoring, the MNA Work Plan 

specified that one field blank and one duplicate sample would be taken during each sampling 

event (LFR, 2002). The duplicate samples were taken, and their results reported only once 

during the two sampling events in 2003, twice annually during 2004 and 2005, only once in 

2006, and no times in 2007, 2008 and 2009. Duplicate samples were taken and reported during 

each of the events (annual only) in 2010 and 2012. Although duplicate samples were not 

reported during a three-year span from 2007 through 2009, the historical data did not indicate 

strong fluctuations of data and the concentrations appeared to be consistent, hence duplicates 

were not critical to the data quality. The low concentrations and non detects further support 

this conclusion. 

No data validation reporting was made, as none were required by the work plan. At the time 

the work plan was established, it was agreed that the data set did not require validation because 

none of the previous data were flagged, and there were many non detect data points. 
9 

Sampling and Analysis 

Sampling and analysis for the routine groundwater monitoring, which, since 2009, had 

consisted solely of Well W-27, was conducted in accordance with the following protocol. The 

well was purged using a clean, disposable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bailer prior to collection of 

a sample. Groundwater pH, temperature, specific conductance, and turbidity were measured 

following the purging of each well casing volume. After three well casing volumes of water 

were purged, samples were collected using a clean, disposable PVC bailer at the well. Collected 

samples were decanted into 40-milliliter volatile organic analysis (VOA) vials preserved with 

hydrochloric acid and labeled with the project number, well number, date, time, and analytical 

method. The lid of each VOA was then secured with a chain-of custody seal, and the VOAs 

were stored in an ice-cooled chest and transported under chain-of-custody protocol to the 

analytical laboratory. 

Groundwater samples were submitted to Curtis & Tompkins, Ltd., a California-certified 

laboratory, for analysis of VOCs by EPA Method 8260B (using an 8010 analyte list). 

VII. Five-Year Review 

No further 5YRs will be conducted, as they are no longer required. No wastes were left in place 

above an unlimited use, unrestricted exposure level. To date, three 5YRs have been conducted. 

These reviews were conducted because contaminant levels in the groundwater exceeded the 

ROD clean-up standards. The groundwater has since attained all clean-up standards. 

Summary of Last Five-Year Review 

The most recent 5YR was completed in September 2010 (EPA, 2010). The Protectiveness 

Statement (page 10-1) was as follows: 

The remedy at the Sola Site currently protects human health and the environment because the 

groundwater contamination has been reduced below drinking water standards (MCLs) in all but a 

very limited area around one well, no exposure pathways to the remaining contamination exist, and 

no one is using the groundwater resource. However, in order for the remedy to be protective in the 

long-term, the following actions need to be taken: 

 The well permitting restriction IC within the CSPRMD Permits Plus system must be 

properly implemented to ensure the protectiveness of the remedy. 

 Determine whether the restrictive covenant IC is required to protect human health in the 

short-term, and implement it if so. 

The Issues noted (page 8-1) were as follows: 

1. Although no additional wells have been installed on the Site since 2005, the well permitting 

restriction IC is not properly in place, which impacts the protectiveness of the 2007 ROD 

Amendment remedy.

2. The restrictive covenant IC has not yet been implemented. 
10

The Recommendations and Follow-up Actions (page 9-1) were as follows: 

a. The County of Sonoma needs to be contacted to ensure that the Permits Plus system is corrected 

so that the notice regarding the Site well installation restriction comes up when a well permit 

application is entered into the system. 

b. Determine whether the restrictive covenant IC is required to protect human health in the shortterm, and implement it, if so. 

Follow-up Actions Since the Last 5-Year Review 

Issue #1, proper implementation of the well permitting restriction IC, has been fully addressed 

since the date of the 5YR. To implement this recommendation, EPA contacted the CSPRMD and 

asked them to place a warning regarding contamination in the groundwater, in the County’s

Permit Plus database. The warning applied to the two properties that comprise the Superfund 

site, and included a statement that some of the groundwater is contaminated with 1,2-DCA at a 

level that exceeds the drinking water standard and that no drinking water well permit should 

be issued for those properties without EPA approval. On October 24, 2011, EPA received 

confirmation from the County that the notice was entered into their system (Sonoma County, 

2011).

Issue #2, implementation of the restrictive covenant IC which had not yet been implemented, 

was addressed through EPA’s determination that the groundwater clean-up standard had been 

attained and therefore the restrictive covenant was no longer needed. The ROD Amendment 

had specified that the ICs would only be needed until the groundwater clean-up standards 

were attained (EPA, 2007). 

VIII. Site Completion Criteria 

The implemented remedy achieves the degree of cleanup specified in the ROD and ROD 

Amendment for all pathways of exposure. All selected remedial action objectives and clean-up 

goals are consistent with agency policy and guidance. No further Superfund responses are 

needed to protect human health and the environment at the Site. 

IX. Completion of Institutional Controls 

With the achievement of the groundwater cleanup standards, the ICs are no longer needed. The 

2007 ROD Amendment required that, until the cleanup standards are achieved, ICs be 

implemented to protect against inappropriate use of the contaminated groundwater. After the 

clean-up standards are achieved, the ICs would not be needed. As documented in this report, 

the groundwater cleanup standards have now been achieved; therefore, the ICs are no longer 

necessary. 

The ROD Amendment required that two ICs be implemented: a restrictive covenant and a 

governmental control involving well permitting. The governmental control was implemented, 
11

but the restrictive covenant was not. Because the one IC was never implemented, the 

Operational and Functional (O&F) determination for the ICs had never been made. Now that 

the groundwater cleanup goals have been achieved and the ICs are no longer needed, the date 

of this report shall be considered the date of the O&F determination. 
12

X. Bibliography 

CH2M Hill. 1991. Public Health Risk Assessment; Sola Optical USA, Inc. April. 

Levine Fricke (LFR). 1989. Evaluation of Implemented Interim Remedial Measures and Proposed Final 

Remedial Measures at Sola Optical, USA Inc. Facility, Petaluma, California. June 15. 

__________. 1990. Remedial Investigation Report; Sola Optical USA, Inc, Petaluma, California.

December 3. 

__________. 2001. Evaluation of Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remedy to Meet Remedial Action 

Objectives; Sola Optical USA, Inc., Site. April 4. 

__________. 2002. Letter from LFR to EPA regarding work plan to implement monitored natural 

attenuation. October 22. 

__________. 2007. Abandonment and Sealing of Wells at Former Sola Optical U.S.A., Inc., 1500 Cader 

Lane, Petaluma, California. August 20. 

LFR/Arcadis. 2009. Groundwater Monitoring Report, January through June 2009, Former Sola Optical 

USA, Inc., Facility, 1500 Cader Lane, Petaluma, California. September 1. 

Roth, Daren. 2010. (Project Geologist, Arcadis, Emeryville, California). Personal communication 

with Ahnna Westrich of CDM, Walnut Creek, California. March 17. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1991. Record of Decision, Sola Optical Site.

September 27. 

__________. 1992a. Administrative Order for Remedial Design and Remedial Action. U.S. EPA Docket 

No. 92-07. 

__________. 1992b. Sola Optical Superfund Site Interim Close Out Report. August 14. 

__________. 2005. Second Five-Year Review Report for Sola Optical USA, Inc. Superfund Site, Sonoma 

County, California. September. 

__________. 2007. Record of Decision Amendment for the Sola Optical USA, Inc. Superfund Site, 

Petaluma, California. March 30. 

__________. 2008. Letter from EPA to Carl Zeiss Vision and LFR regarding Approval of 

Remedial Design, Sola Optical Superfund Site. February 20. 
13

XI. Tables and Figures 
14

[This page intentionally left blank]
15

Table 1 

ROD-Specified MCLs and Drinking Water Standards 

Sola Optical USA, Inc., Sonoma County, CA 

Chemical

Drinking Water Standard

(μg/L) RAO

(μg/L)

State Federal

1,1-DCE 6 7 6

1,1-DCA 5 NE 5

1,1,1-TCA 200 200 200

Freon 113 1,200 NE 1,200

NE = none established
16

T ... 1. 2 

Groundvva t.er• Que l l t.y O at.a 

Primary VQC,. {1997 to Pre•ent} 

Former Sola Optical U.S.A., Inc., Facility 

P e t.ah.Arn•, Callfornl• 

A11 concentrations expressed In Micrograms per llt.er ~g 1) 

M ... n o d 

W-14 20·Jun·97 EPA8010 19 52 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

9-S.,p-97 EPA8010 24 54 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

11-Ju.-.·98 EPA8010 3.1 78 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

16-0ct·98 EPA8010 8.9 24 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 1.0 

dupi iCftl.O 16•0ct•98 EPA8010 9.1 24 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 1.0 

17-M.,-99 EPA8260A(8010) 1. 7 3.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 1.0 

<h,P I Ic• l o 17-M.,-99 EPA8260A(8010) 1. 7 3.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 1.0 

23-Sw99 EPA8260A(8010) 3.4 8.1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

d..,pl •cnt.o 23-S •• -99 EPA8260A(8010) 3.4 7.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

12-A •• -oo EPA 8260B 1.0 1.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

dupl oeeU! 12-A,,-00 EPA8260B 1.1 1.9 < 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 < 5.0 

8-Sep·OO C&T EPA 8260B 1.2 2.9 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

dupl lcete 8-S ... -00 C&T EPA 8260B 1.0 27 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

2-A.,-01 C&T EPA8260B <05 0.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

dupl •cat.o 2-A.,-01 C&T EPA8260B <0.5 0.8 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

19-0e,-01 C&T EPA8260B 0.9 1.9 < 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 < 5.0 

16-Aw02 C&T EPA 8260B 0.6 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

08-0e,-02 C&T EPA 8260B 0.5 0.8 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

06-A,..04 

W-19 16-0ct·9B EPA8010 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 1.0 

17-M •• -99 EPA8260A(8010) 0.7 < .5 <.5 <.5 <.5 < 1.0 

23-S .. ,-99 EPA8260A(8010) 0.9 <.5 < .5 < .5 <.5 <5.0 

12-A,.-00 EPA8260B 1.1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

8-S.,,-00 C&T EPA8260B 1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

2-A.~01 C&T EPA 8260B 0.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 5 < 5.0 

14-Moy•01 

W-2.2 16-0et·98 EPA8010 2.7 1.6 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 1.0 

17-M..-99 EPA8260A(8010) 3 1.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 1.0 

23-S ... -99 EPA8260A(8010) 2.3 1.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

12-A •• -oo EPA 82608 2.2 1.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

8-SwOO C&T EPA 82608 1.4 1.1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

2-Aw01 C&T EPA 82608 2.4 1.6 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 .5 <5.0 

19-0et·01 C&T EPA 82608 1.3 0.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16·Aw02 C&T EPA 82608 1.7 1.2 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

08-0c.-02 C&T EPA 82608 1.3 1.0 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

22-0ct-03 C&T EPA8260B 1.0 0.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16•Nov•04 C&T EPA 8260B 1.5 0.9 < 0.5 <0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

20-0e,-05 C&T EPA8260B 1.0 0.7 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

26-0e,-06 C&T EPA 8260B 0.7 06 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

03-Jul·07 

W-25 16-Ju ... -97 EPA 8010 4.1 1.8 < 0.5 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

dupi 1C(t10 16-Ju ... -97 EPA 8010 3.8 1.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

10-S...-97 EPA 8010 2.4 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

dupi 1C4l.O 10-S •• -97 EPA 8010 2.7 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 <0 5 < 0.5 

12-Ju ... -98 EPA 8010 1.9 1.1 <0.5 <0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 

16-0e,-98 EPA 8010 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 .0 

dupl iC4!'11 t e 16-0e,-98 EPA 8010 3.1 1.4 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <1 .0 

17-M..-99 EPA8260A(8010) 3.3 1.7 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <1.0 

23-S..p-99 EPA8260A(8010) 3.3 1 8 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 < 5.0 

12-AwOO EPA 82608 3.9 1.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

8-Sep·OO C&T EPA 8260B 2.4 1.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

2-Aw01 C&T EPA82608 2.9 1.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

unr•$ela• aug2012 ab le2 01954.,,. HWQ-11'1 pp6 Paga 1 or 6 8/10/2012 
17

T ... 1. 2 

Gro undvva t.er• Quell t.y O at.a 

Primary VQC,. {1997 to Pre•ent} 

Former Sola Optical U.S.A., Inc., Facility 

P e t.ah.Arn•, Callfornl• 

A11 concentrations expressed In M icrograms per llt.er ~g 1) 

M ... n o d 

19-0 •• -01 C&T EPA 82606 2.7 1.2 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

16·Apr·02 C&T EPA 82606 2.3 1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

08-0 .. -02 C&T EPA 82606 2.1 0.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

8·Aw03 C&T EPA 82606 2.3 0.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

22·0ct•03 C&T EPA82606 1.6 0.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

17·Moy·04 C&T EPA 82606 1.3 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

16·Nov•04 C&T EPA82606 1.2 0.5 J < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

3·Moy•05 C&T EPA 82606 1.5 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

20-0 •• -05 C&T EPA82606 1 0.4 J < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

6•Jun•06 C&T EPA 82606 1.3 0.4 J < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

26-0 •• -06 C&T EPA82606 0.9 0.4 J < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

11-Aw07 C&T EPA 82606 0.7 0 3 J < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

03-Juo-07 

W-27 02·Juo·97 EPA 8010 7.1 12 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

10-S.,-97 EPA 8010 6.8 12 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

clupl•c•to 10-S • .,-97 EPA 8010 6.4 12 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 

11 •Jun•98 EPA 8010 10 15 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 

dup l•eal ct 11-Jun-98 EPA 8010 11 15 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 

16-0 •• -98 EPA8260A(8010) 12 15 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 1.0 

17-M.,,-99 EPA8260A(8010) 11 16 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 < 1.0 

23-Se.,-99 EPA8260A(8010) 9.9 15 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

12-AwOO EPA 82606 10 20 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

8-S .. p-00 C&T EPA82606 6.3 16 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

21-Nov·OO C&T EPA 82606 3.6 14 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

21-Nov·OO CLI EPA82606 < 0.5 14 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

2·Aw01 C&T EPA 82608 7.1 18 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

19-0 .. ..()1 C&T EPA82606 8.3 16 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

dup oCC~ I.Q 19-0co·01 C&T EPA 82608 7.9 15 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16·Aw 02 C&T EPA 82608 4.9 12 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

08-0 •• -02 C&T EPA82606 5.6 15 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

(JuC)I ICftU t 8-0. ,..()2 C&T EPA 82606 5.7 15 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 5 <5.0 

8-A..-03 C&T EPA 82606 4 14 < 0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 5.0 

(IUI) IIC-4) 1,.9 8-Aor-03 C&T EPA 82606 4.9 15 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

22·0ct•03 C&T EPA 82606 4.7 21 < 0.5 < 05 < 05 < 5.0 

17•Moy•04 C&T EPA 82608 3.9 14 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

dup oc ct 17-M.y·04 C&T EPA 82608 3.9 14 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

16-No.-04 C&T EPA 8260B 4.8 20 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

dup l•cete 16-Nov-04 C&T EPA8260B 4.9 20 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

3-M. y-05 C&T EPA 82606 3.8 20 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

c;lup11C.."'It 9 3-M.y-05 C&T EPA82606 3.6 19 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 < 5.0 

20-0.,..()5 C&T EPA82608 2.6 16 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

dupi !Cet.e 20-0 e.-05 C&T EPA 82608 3.2 17 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

6•Jun•06 C&T EPA8260B 3 16 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

26·0et·06 C&T EPA82606 1.5 12 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

"'"'P I•c::.u.o 26·0et·06 C&T EPA 82606 1.6 12 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

11 ·Apr•07 C&T EPA 82606 1.2 8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

19·0eo·07 C&T EPA 82608 1.9 8.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

4-A..-08 C&T EPA 8260B 1.2 9 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 5 <5.0 

29-So.,-08 C&T EPA 82606 2.2 11 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

15-Moy·09 C&T EPA 82606 0.6 4.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 <5.0 

30·DQc·09 C&T EPA82606 0.8 6.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

23-Jun-10 C&T EPA 82608 0.3 J 2.6 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

dupl oc:at.u 23•Jun-10 C&T EPA82608 0.3 J 2.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

25-Juo-12 C&T EPA 8260B < 0.5 1.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 < 2.0 

dvpl lcete 25-Juo-12 C&T EPA 8260B < 0.5 1.6 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <2.0 

unr•$cla ug201 2- ab e2~ 01954.,,. HWQ-11'1 p p 6 Paga 2 or 6 8/10/2012 
18

T ... 1. 2 

Gro undvva t.er• Quell t.y O at.a 

Primary VQC,. {1997 to Pre•ent} 

Former Sola Optical U.S.A., Inc., Facility 

P e t.ah.Arn•, Callfornl• 

A11 concentrations express ed In M icrograms per llt.er ~g 1) 

M ... n o d 

W-33 16-Jun·97 EPA 8010 3.1 0.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

9-Sep·97 EPA 8010 2.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

12-Jun·98 EPA 8010 1.6 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

21-Nov·OO C&T EPA 82606 1.6 0 8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

21-Nov·OO CLI EPA 8260A 1.3 0.53 05 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 ... 15-Moy·01 

LF-2 20-Jun•97 EPA 8010 30 61 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

09-S..,-97 EPA 8010 4.6 2.4 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 5 < 0.5 

09•Jun•98 EPA 8010 4 2 < 0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 0.5 

d..,.pl u;:a t.o 09-Jun·98 EPA 8010 4.6 2 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

16-0 •• -98 EPA 8010 5.0 2.3 <0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 1.0 

17-M.,-99 EPA8260A(8010) 5.5 2.2 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 1.0 

23-Se.-99 EPA8260A(8010) 5.0 2.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

12-A.,-oo EPA8260B 5.4 2.3 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

8-Sap·OO C&T EPA82606 4.1 2.1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

2-Aw01 C&T EPA8260B 5.3 2.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

19-0et·01 C&T EPA82606 3.3 1.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16-Aw 02 C&T EPA 8260B 3.9 1.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

08-0..-02 C&T EPA 8260B 4.1 2.3 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

22-0 •• -03 C&T EPA 82606 2.6 2.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16-Nov-04 C&T EPA 8260B 1 0.4 J < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

20-0 •• -{)5 C&T EPA82606 2.0 1.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

26-0 •• -06 C&T EPA 82606 1.1 1 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 .5 < 5.0 ... 03-Ju,-07 

LF-25 19-Jun-97 EPA 8010 2.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

09·Sop·97 EPA 8010 3.1 1.1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

ho~ I) II C8 0 09-S..o-97 EPA 8010 2.6 1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

10-Jun-98 EPA 8010 2.3 1.1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

d...,p l oC.ntQ 10-Jun•98 EPA 8010 2.4 1.1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

16-0 c.-98 EPA 8010 2.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 1.0 

17-M..-99 EPA8260A(8010) 3 1.1 < 0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 1.0 

23-Sw 99 EPA8260A(8010) 2.6 1.1 < 0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 5.0 

12-AwOO EPA 82606 2.6 09 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

8-Sop·OO C&T EPA 8260B < 0.5 1.2 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

2-Ap..-01 C&T EPA 82606 2.8 1.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

19-0c<-{)1 C&T EPA82606 1.8 0.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16-Aw02 C&T EPA 82606 2.2 0.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

08-0 •• -02 C&T EPA 82606 1.7 0 7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

06-A0 ,-04 

LF-26 19-Jun-97 EPA 8010 4.2 1 < 0.5 0.6 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

<JupiiC4llt.O 19-Jun-97 EPA 8010 4.1 0.9 < 0.5 0.6 < 0.5 < 0.5 

09-Seo-97 EPA 8010 2.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

10·Jun·98 EPA 8010 4.3 1.1 < 0.5 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

dup11c.nt.o 10-Jun•98 EPA 8010 4.2 1.1 < 0.5 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

23-S..,-99 EPA8260A(8010) 3.6 1 '1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

12-AwOO EPA 82606 3.2 1.0 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

8-s ... -oo C&T EPA 82606 2.5 0.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 <5.0 

2-A.,-01 C&T EPA 82606 2.6 1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

19-0 •• -{)1 C&T EPA 8260B 1.9 06 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16-Aw02 C&T EPA82606 2.3 0.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

08-0c<-02 C&T EPA8260B 2 0.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

06·Aw04 

unr•$c a• ug201 2- ab e2~ 01954., . HWQ-11'1 p p 6 Paga 3 or 6 8/10/2012 
19

T ... 1. 2 

Groundvva t.er• Que l l t.y O at.a 

Primary VQC,. {1997 to Pre•ent} 

Former Sola Optical U.S.A., Inc., Facility 

P e t.ah.Arn•, Callfornl• 

A11 concentrations express ed In M icrograms per llt.er ~g 1) 

M ... n o d 

E-3 18-Jun·97 EPA 8010 7.6 10 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

11-$op·97 EPA 8010 9 11 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

11-Jun·98 C&T EPA 8010 15 18 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

8-Aw03 C&T EPA 82608 4.2 3.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

22·0 ct•03 C&T EPA82608 3.6 2.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

17·Moy·04 C&T EPA 82608 4.8 3.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

16·Nov•04 C&T EPA82608 1.8 1.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

3·Moy·05 C&T EPA 82608 0.9 1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

20·0 ct·05 C&T EPA82608 2.0 1.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

6-Jun•06 C&T EPA 82608 1.9 1.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

d..,p l oCeU! 6·Jun·06 C&T EPA8260B 2.0 1.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

26-0 c.-06 C&T EPA 8260B 2.2 23 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

1l·Aw07 C&T EPA 8260B 1.8 23 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 ... 05-Juo-07 

E-5 18•Jun•97 EPA 8010 10 4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

11-S • .,-97 EPA 8010 11 3.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

15-Jun•98 EPA 8010 9.7 3.1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

16·0ct•9B EPA 8010 12 3.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 1.0 

17-Me<-99 EPA8260A(8010) 13 3.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 1.0 

23·Sw99 EPA8260A(8010) 15 4.3 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 < 5.0 

12-AwOO EPA8260B 12 3.7 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

08-SwOO C&T EPA 82608 12 3.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

21-Nov·OO C&T EPA8260B 10 3.6 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

21-Nov·OO Cll EPA 82608 6.5 2.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

2-Aw01 C&T EPA82608 13 4.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

19-0 •• -01 C&T EPA 82608 8.3 3.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16·Ap,·02 C&T EPA82608 5.1 2.2 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

up oCC~ I.Q 16·Aw 02 C&T EPA 82608 6.4 2.4 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

08-0 •• -02 C&T EPA 82608 9.3 3.3 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

8-Aw03 C&T EPA82608 7.2 2.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

22-0 •• -03 C&T EPA 8260B 7.1 3.4 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 5 <5.0 

(lup iCU~ o 22·0 ot·03 C&T EPA 82608 6.9 3.3 < 0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 5.0 

17-M .. y-04 C&T EPA 82608 5.1 2.2 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

16·Nw04 C&T EPA 8260B 4.5 1.8 < 0.5 < 05 < 05 < 5.0 

3-M •• ·05 C&T EPA 8260B 3.7 1.8 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

2o-o ••. o5 C&T EPA 8260B 5.6 2 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

6-Jun·06 C&T EPA 8260B 3.3 1.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

26-0 • ..06 C&T EPA8260B 4.7 1.9 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

11-Aw07 C&T EPA 82608 2.8 1.1 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

c;lup11C.."'It 9 11-Aw07 C&T EPA82608 2.7 1., < 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 < 5.0 

05-Juo-07 

E-7 18-Ju n-97 EPA 8010 < 0.5 05 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

11·Sw97 EPA 8010 < 05 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 0.5 

12•Jun•9B EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 

19-0 •• -01 C&T EPA 8260B < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

16·Aw02 C&T EPA8260B < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

08-0 •• -02 C&T EPA 8260B < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

22-00<·03 C&T EPA82608 < 0.5 0 3 J < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

16-Nov·04 C&T EPA82608 < 0.5 0.3 J < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

20-0 •• -05 C&T EPA82608 < 0.5 0.3 J < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

26·0 ct•06 C&T EPA 82608 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

05-Juo-07 

fie ld Bla"k• 

unr•$c a• ug201 ab e2 01954.,,. HWQ-11'1 p p 6 Paga 4 or 6 8/10/201 2 
20

T ... 1. 2 

Gro u ndvva t.er• Que l l t.y O at.a 

Primary VQC,. {1997 to Pre•ent} 

Former Sola Optical U.S.A., Inc., Facility 

P e t.ah.Arn•, Callf o r n l• 

A11 concentrations express ed In M icrograms per llt.er (~ 1) 

M . .. n o d 

W-33-FB 16·Jun·97 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

LF-16-FB 17-Ju.-.-97 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

LF-3-F9 18-Jun·97 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

LF-25-FB 19-Ju.-.-97 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 

W-28-FB 20•Ju.-.•97 EPA 8010 < 0 5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

W33-F9 9-S. p·97 EPA 8010 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

LF-6-F9 10-Sop·97 EPA 8010 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

W-28-FB 9•Jun•98 EPA 8010 < 05 < 0 5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

LF-16-FB 10-Ju.-.·98 EPA 8010 < 05 < 0 5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

W-25-FB 16-0 e,-98 (1 ) EPA8260A(8010) < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 1.0 

W-14-FB 17-M •• -99 EPA8260A(8010) < 0 5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 1.0 

W-19-FB 23-S,w99 EPA8260A(8010) < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-27-FB 12-AwOO EPA 82606 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

LF-26F9 8-S.wOO C&T EPA82606 < 05 < 05 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-27FB 2-Apr·01 C&T EPA82609 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

EX-7-FB 19·0et·01 C&T EPA82609 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-27FB 16-Aw02 C&T EPA 82609 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-14F9 8·0ct·02 C&T EPA 82608 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 <5.0 

FB040803 8-A..-03 C&T EPA 82608 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

LF-2F9 22·0 et·03 C&T EPA 82608 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-27-FB 17-M.,.-04 C&T EPA 82608 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 < 5.0 

LF-2-8 16·Nov·04 C&T EPA 82609 < 0 5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 05 < 0.5 < 5.0 

5-03-05-9 3-M.,-05 C&T EPA 82606 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

W-25-FB 20-0 ct-05 C&T EPA 82606 < 0 5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

EB 060606 6·Jun·06 C&T EPA 82606 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

W-25-FB 26-0 ct-06 C&T EPA 82606 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-25-FB 11·Apr•07 C&T EPA 82606 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 5.0 

W-27-FB 19-0e,-07 C&T EPA 82608 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-27-FB 4-A..-08 C&T EPA 82606 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-27-FB 29-Sw08 C&T EPA 82606 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-27-FB 15-M.,.-09 (2) EPA82609 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 < 5.0 

W-27-FB 30·0oc•09 C&T EPA 82608 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 5.0 

W-27-FB 23-Ju.-.-10 C&T EPA 82608 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.1 

W-27-FB 25-Juo•12 C&T EPA 82608 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 2.0 

T ... p e .• "'..,. 17-Ju.-.·97 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

T9 20-Ju.-.-97 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 5 < 0.5 

9-S. p-97 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

10·Sop·97 EPA 8010 < 0 5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

9-Ju.-.-98 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

12•Jun·98 EPA 8010 < 05 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 05 < 0 5 < 0.5 

15-Jun·98 EPA 8010 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 

21-No.-00 CLI EPA8260A(8010) < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 5.0 

2·Aw01 C&T EPA 82608 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0.5 <5.0 

25-Juo·12 C&T EPA 82606 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 0.5 < 0 .5 < 2.0 

Oeto '-•Pdot ocl b y AAV. P •·oor o c:t l)y • 

Nowa: 

(1) =- Cntoro rorm da ~c:t ed •t 1 , 7 rnlcl'ogr• rn• p er lite r, 

(2) - c,lorof'orrn detoc tCid &t 0.8 ml crogre rn per Itt • ' · 

1.1-DCE • 1,1·0tchtoroo'-none 

l ,l ·DCA = l,l · O tcntoroelh.fl"'l!t 

1.2-DCA = 1. 2·0Jet-.t orc>~ .a~ 

1,1.1-TCA = -Trte ht <:u'<:H (tr~.;. 

unr•Scta ug201 2• ab e2~ 01954.,,. HWQ-11'1 p p 6 P.ga 5 or 6 8/10/201 2 
21

TCE = T ,.lc::hiOf"OCt ,..en o 

VQC. = V ol.;.t l h) t>tg.(tn1e <:O ..,pt>und~ 

J - EQt I n'IAtA(I ......... . 

.. = SamptG• COIIGC.t.Od Dy En v tro'"· 

AnalytiCAl L..l)()t~tori~Q. 

T ... 1. 2 

Groundvva t.er• Quell t.y O at.a 

Primary VQC,. {1997 to Pre•ent} 

Former Sola Optical U.S.A., Inc., Facility 

P e t.ah.Arn•, Callfornl• 

A11 concen trations e xpressed In M icrograms p er llt.er ~g/1) 

M•tho d 

C& T = Cunls & Tompkltu;, L td . , Ana l yltcal Laboratot"los1 Bark•lo_y , C.auro,.nla . 

CLI - Cnrome L~o .. 1.-.c ., E., .... , onmontal Sorvtces, Pto.s-rnon, c4oiU'ornllil . 

8/10/2012 
22

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23

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0 1,100 2,200 FEET 

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AMERICAN OPTICAL, SOLA (FORMERLY SOLA OPTICAL U.S.A.) 

1500 CAOER LANE, PETALUMA. CALIFORNIA 

SITE VICINITY MAP 

ARCADIS FIGURE 
24

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V.VOVT 2 SAVED 811312012439PM AC;.OVER 18t${Lt.ISTEC._.J PLOTSTVl£TA8lE, ARCAOISCfB PlOTTED 6f13120t244QPM BY RE'tES . .AUC 

CA0£R LAN£ 

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EXPLANATION: 

Property boundary former Sola 

Optical, U.S.A., Inc., additional 

property 

o Shallow (up to approx. 30 feet) 

monitoring well 

x Former extraction well 

/ 

AMERICAN OPTICAL, SOLA (FORMERLY SOLA OPTICAL U.S.A.) 

1500 CADER LANE. PETALUMA. CALIFORNIA 

MONITORING WELL LOCATIONS 

ARCADIS FIGURE 
25

Figure 3

Sep-12 

~ 1 Mar

-12 

Sep-11 

r 1 Mar-11 

Sep-10 

Mar-10 

~ I Sep-09 

Mar .OS 

~ I Sep-08 

Mar-08 

~ I Sep-07 

Mar-07 

1- I Sep-06 

Mar-06 

1-

I Sep-05 ~ Mar-05 

1- Sep-04 

Mar-04 

,.... 

I ,. Sep-03 

~ Mar-03 ~ e 

Qj I ~ Sep-02 

~ I ,. Mar-02 ·= I t Sep-01 

Q.l Mar-01 E I • .-------, 

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6 .. Mar

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Sep-98 

~ 1- Mar-98 ~ 

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1- Mar-94 

Sep-93 

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Sep-92 

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Sep-91 

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1- I Sep-89 

Mar-89 

Sep-88 

Mar-88 

Sep-87 

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Sep-86 

d =------ Mar -88 0 0 ~ :iE ~ ~ 

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(1J6n) SU0fli!.QU30UO:) 
26

Figure 4

Sep-12 

Mar-12 

Sep-1 1 

Mar-1 1 

Sep-10 

Mar-10 

Sep-09 

Mar-09 

Sep-08 

Mar-08 

Sep-07 

Mar-07 

Sep-06 

Mar-06 

Sep-05 

Mar-05 

Sep-04 

Mar-04 

...... 

N 

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Sep-03 

Mar-03 

"ii 

~ 

Sep-02 

Mar-02 

c 

41 

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Mar-01 

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Se.p-99 

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0 Sep-97 ., 

c Mar-97 

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41 

u 

c Sep-95 

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Mar-95 

Sep-94 

Mar-94 

Sep-93 

Mar-93 

Sep-92 

Mar-92 

Sep-91 

Mar-91 

Sep-90 

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Sep-88 

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Mar-87 

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I Sep-86 ~ 86 

8 0 0 :a 

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(1fon) SUO!li!JlU&:lUO:) 
27

ethane ARCADIS 

sis 

ne 

Samples Non-Detects S Statistic 80% Trend 90% Trend 95% Trend 

16 0 -85 Decreasing Decreasing Decreasing 

• ----

• 

rS>"-' , # #' # # # # r::,<!l> r§><>; #$' r;::,.(!- # 4# r'v>{y 

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Date 
28

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