<PAGE>




             FORM OF SENIOR INDENTURE (RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD.)

                       RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD., ISSUER

                                       TO

                         BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE

                                 ---------------

                                    INDENTURE

                                 ---------------

                         DATED AS OF _____________, 2001

                             SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES






<PAGE>


                         RECONCILIATION AND TIE BETWEEN
             TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939 (THE "TRUST INDENTURE ACT")
                                  AND INDENTURE




   Trust Indenture
     Act Section                                           Indenture Section
     -----------                                           -----------------
ss.ss.310(a)(1) ......................................................6.7
   (a)(2) ............................................................6.7
   (b) ...............................................................6.8
ss.ss.312(a) .........................................................7.1
   (b) ...............................................................7.2
   (c) .............................................................. 7.2
ss.ss.313(a) .........................................................7.3
   (b)(2) ........................................................... 7.3
   (c) .............................................................. 7.3
   (d) .............................................................. 7.3
ss.ss.314(a) .........................................................7.4
   (c)(1) ...........................................................10.2
   (c)(2) ...........................................................10.2
   (e) ..............................................................10.2
   (f) ..............................................................10.2
ss.ss.316(a) (last sentence) ........................................10.1
   (a)(1)(A) ...................................................5.2, 5.12
   (a)(1)(B) ........................................................5.13
   (b) ...............................................................5.8
ss.ss.317(a)(1) ......................................................5.3
   (a)(2) ............................................................5.4
   (b) ..............................................................10.3
ss.ss.318(a) ........................................................10.8
------------------

Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be
      part of the Indenture.



<PAGE>


                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                    Article 1

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
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<S>                                                                                                             <C>
             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION
   Section 1.1.       Definitions.................................................................................1
   Section 1.2.       Compliance Certificates and Opinions.......................................................11
   Section 1.3.       Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.....................................................11
   Section 1.4.       Acts of Holders............................................................................12
   Section 1.5.       Notices, etc. to Trustee and Company.......................................................14
   Section 1.6.       Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver....................................................14
   Section 1.7.       Language of Notices........................................................................15
   Section 1.8.       Conflict with Trust Indenture Act..........................................................15
   Section 1.9.       Effect of Headings and Table of Contents...................................................15
   Section 1.10.      Successors and Assigns.....................................................................15
   Section 1.11.      Separability Clause........................................................................15
   Section 1.12.      Benefits of Indenture......................................................................16
   Section 1.13.      Governing Law..............................................................................16
   Section 1.14.      Legal Holidays.............................................................................16
   Section 1.15.      Counterparts...............................................................................16
   Section 1.16.      Judgment Currency..........................................................................16
   Section 1.17.      No Security Interest Created...............................................................17
   Section 1.18.      Limitation on Individual Liability.........................................................17
   Section 1.19.      Submission to Jurisdiction.................................................................17

                                    Article 2

                                SECURITIES FORMS
   Section 2.1.       Forms Generally............................................................................18
   Section 2.2.       Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication............................................18
   Section 2.3.       Securities in Global Form..................................................................18

                                    Article 3

                                 THE SECURITIES
   Section 3.1.       Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.......................................................19
   Section 3.2.       Currency; Denominations....................................................................22
   Section 3.3.       Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.............................................23
   Section 3.4.       Temporary Securities.......................................................................25
   Section 3.5.       Registration, Transfer and Exchange........................................................25
   Section 3.6.       Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities...........................................29
   Section 3.7.       Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain
                          Additional Amounts Preserved...........................................................30
   Section 3.8.       Persons Deemed Owners......................................................................31
   Section 3.9.       Cancellation...............................................................................32


                                       i
<PAGE>

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                   (continued)

                                                                                                               Page
                                                                                                               ----

   Section 3.10.      Computation of Interest....................................................................32
   Section 3.11.      CUSIP Numbers..............................................................................32

                                    Article 4

                     SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE
   Section 4.1.       Satisfaction and Discharge.................................................................33
   Section 4.2.       Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance.........................................................34
   Section 4.3.       Application of Trust Money.................................................................38

                                    Article 5

                                    REMEDIES
   Section 5.1.       Events of Default..........................................................................39
   Section 5.2.       Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.........................................40
   Section 5.3.       Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee............................42
   Section 5.4.       Trustee May File Proofs of Claim...........................................................42
   Section 5.5.       Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Securities or Coupons.....................43
   Section 5.6.       Application of Money Collected.............................................................43
   Section 5.7.       Limitations on Suits.......................................................................44
   Section 5.8.       Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and
                      Additional Amounts.........................................................................44
   Section 5.9.       Restoration of Rights and Remedies.........................................................45
   Section 5.10.      Rights and Remedies Cumulative.............................................................45
   Section 5.11.      Delay or Omission Not Waiver...............................................................45
   Section 5.12.      Control by Holders of Securities...........................................................45
   Section 5.13.      Waiver of Past Defaults....................................................................46
   Section 5.14.      Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws....................................................46
   Section 5.15.      Undertaking for Costs......................................................................46

                                    Article 6

                                   THE TRUSTEE
   Section 6.1.       Certain Rights of Trustee..................................................................47
   Section 6.2.       Notice of Defaults.........................................................................49
   Section 6.3.       Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.....................................49
   Section 6.4.       May Hold Securities........................................................................49
   Section 6.5.       Money Held in Trust........................................................................50
   Section 6.6.       Compensation and Reimbursement.............................................................50
   Section 6.7.       Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility....................................................51
   Section 6.8.       Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor..........................................51
   Section 6.9.       Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.....................................................52


                                       ii
<PAGE>
                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                   (continued)

                                                                                                               Page
                                                                                                               ----

   Section 6.10.      Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business................................54
   Section 6.11.      Appointment of Authenticating Agent........................................................54

                                    Article 7

                HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY
   Section 7.1.       Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders..................................56
   Section 7.2.       Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.....................................56
   Section 7.3.       Reports by Trustee.........................................................................56
   Section 7.4.       Reports by Company.........................................................................57

                                    Article 8

                 CONSOLIDATION, AMALGAMATIONS, MERGER AND SALES
   Section 8.1.       Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.......................................57
   Section 8.2.       Successor Person Substituted for Company...................................................58

                                    Article 9

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
   Section 9.1.       Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders.........................................58
   Section 9.2.       Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders............................................60
   Section 9.3.       Execution of Supplemental Indentures.......................................................61
   Section 9.4.       Effect of Supplemental Indentures..........................................................61
   Section 9.5.       Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.........................................61
   Section 9.6.       Conformity with Trust Indenture Act........................................................61
   Section 9.7.       Notice of Supplemental Indenture...........................................................62

                                   Article 10

                                    COVENANTS
   Section 10.1.      Payment of Principal, any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts.........................62
   Section 10.2.      Maintenance of Office or Agency............................................................62
   Section 10.3.      Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust..........................................63
   Section 10.4.      Additional Amounts.........................................................................65
   Section 10.5.      Limitation on Liens on Stock of Designated Subsidiaries....................................67
   Section 10.6.      Limitation on Disposition of Stock of Designated Subsidiaries..............................67
   Section 10.7.      Corporate Existence........................................................................67
   Section 10.8.      Waiver of Certain Covenants................................................................68
   Section 10.9.      Company Statement as to Compliance; Notice of Certain Defaults.............................68
   Section 10.10.     Calculation of Original Issue Discount.....................................................68



                                      iii
<PAGE>
                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                   (continued)

                                   Article 11

                                                                                                               Page
                                                                                                               ----

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES
   Section 11.1.      Applicability of Article...................................................................69
   Section 11.2.      Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee......................................................69
   Section 11.3.      Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed..........................................69
   Section 11.4.      Notice of Redemption.......................................................................70
   Section 11.5.      Deposit of Redemption Price................................................................71
   Section 11.6.      Securities Payable on Redemption Date......................................................71
   Section 11.7.      Securities Redeemed in Part................................................................72

                                   Article 12

                                  SINKING FUNDS
   Section 12.1.      Applicability of Article...................................................................73
   Section 12.2.      Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities......................................73
   Section 12.3.      Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund..................................................74

                                   Article 13

                       REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS
   Section 13.1.      Applicability of Article...................................................................74

                                   Article 14

                        SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES
   Section 14.1.      Applicability of Article...................................................................74

                                   Article 15

                        MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
   Section 15.1.      Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called..................................................75
   Section 15.2.      Call, Notice and Place of Meetings.........................................................75
   Section 15.3.      Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings.......................................................76
   Section 15.4.      Quorum; Action.............................................................................76
   Section 15.5.      Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings........................76
   Section 15.6.      Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings............................................77
</TABLE>


                                       iv
<PAGE>


INDENTURE, dated as of ______________, 2001 (the "Indenture"), between
RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD., a company duly organized and existing under the
laws of Bermuda (hereinafter called the "Company"), having its principal
executive office located at Renaissance House, 8-12 East Broadway, Pembroke HM
19, Bermuda, and Bankers Trust Company, a New York banking corporation
(hereinafter called the "Trustee"), having its Corporate Trust Office located at
Four Albany Street, New York, New York 10006.

                                    RECITALS

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its senior unsecured
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (hereinafter called the
"Securities"), unlimited as to principal amount, to bear such rates of interest,
to mature at such time or times, to be issued in one or more series and to have
such other provisions as shall be fixed as hereinafter provided.

         The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture. All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the
Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.

         This Indenture is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act
of 1939, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder that are required to be part of this
Indenture and, to the extent applicable, shall be governed by such provisions.

         NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:

         For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders (as herein defined) thereof, it is mutually covenanted
and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the
Securities or of any series thereof and any Coupons (as herein defined) as
follows:

                                   Article 1

             DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION

     Section 1.1.      Definitions.

         Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture, or unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this
Indenture:

                  (1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings
         assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the
         singular;

                  (2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust
         Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the
         meanings assigned to them therein;

                  (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the
         meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted
         accounting principles in the United States of America and, except as
         otherwise herein expressly provided, the terms "generally accepted
         accounting principles" or "GAAP" with respect to any computation
         required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles
         as are generally accepted in the United States of America at the date
         or time of such computation;


<PAGE>

                  (4) the words "herein," "hereof," "hereto" and "hereunder" and
         other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and
         not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision; and

                  (5) the word "or" is always used inclusively (for example, the
         phrase "A or B" means "A or B or both," not "either A or B but not
         both").

Certain terms used principally in certain Articles hereof are defined in those
Articles.

         "Act," when used with respect to any Holders, has the meaning specified
in Section 1.4.

         "Additional Amounts" means any additional amounts which are required
hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to
be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes, assessments or other
governmental charges imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing to
such Holders.

         "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or
indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition,
"control," when used with respect to any specified Person, means the power to
direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise;
and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have the meanings correlative to
the foregoing.

         "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section 6.11 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of one or more series.

         "Authorized Newspaper" means a newspaper, in an official language of
the place of publication or in the English language, customarily published on
each day that is a Business Day in the place of publication, whether or not
published on days that are Legal Holidays in the place of publication, and of
general circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or
in the financial community of each such place. Where successive publications are
required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be
made in the same or in different newspapers in the same city meeting the
foregoing requirements and in each case on any day that is a Business Day in the
place of publication.

         "Authorized Officer" means, when used with respect to the Company, the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman, the President, the Vice
President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer,
the Chief Investment Officer, the Chief Accounting Officer, the General Counsel,
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Company.

         "Bearer Security" means any Security in the form established pursuant
to Section 2.1 which is payable to bearer.



                                      -2-
<PAGE>

         "Board of Directors" means the board of directors of the Company or any
committee of that board duly authorized to act generally or in any particular
respect for the Company hereunder.

         "Board Resolution" means a copy of one or more resolutions, certified
by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly
adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date
of such certification, delivered to the Trustee.

         "Business Day," with respect to any Place of Payment or other location,
means, unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to
Section 3.1, any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking
institutions in such Place of Payment or other location are authorized or
obligated by law, regulation or executive order to close.

         "Capital Stock" of any Person means any and all shares, interests,
rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or
interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, including Preferred
Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity.

         "Capitalized Lease Obligation" means an obligation under a lease that
is required to be capitalized for financial reporting purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, and the amount of Indebtedness
represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of such
obligation determined in accordance with such principles.

         "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

         "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time
to time constituted, created under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or, if at any time after the execution of this Indenture such
Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under
the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time.

         "Common Stock" in respect of any Corporation means Capital Stock of any
class or classes (however designated) which has no preference as to the payment
of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or
involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Corporation, and which is not
subject to redemption by such Corporation.

         "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have become such
pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
"Company" shall mean such successor Person, and any other obligor upon the
Securities.

         "Company Request" and "Company Order" mean, respectively, a written
request or order, as the case may be, signed in the name of the Company by an
Authorized Officer, and delivered to the Trustee.

         "Consolidated Net Worth" in respect of any Person means the total of
the amounts shown on the balance sheet of such Person and its consolidated
Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, as of
the end of the most recent fiscal quarter of such Person ending at least 45 days
prior to the taking of any action for the purpose of which the determination is
being made, as (i) the par or stated value of all outstanding Capital Stock of
such Person plus (ii) paid-in capital or capital surplus relating to such
Capital Stock plus (iii) any retained earnings or earned surplus, less any
accumulated deficit.



                                      -3-
<PAGE>

         "Conversion Event" means the cessation of use of (i) a Foreign Currency
both by the government of the country or the confederation which issued such
Foreign Currency and for the settlement of transactions by a central bank or
other public institutions of or within the international banking community or
(ii) any currency unit or composite currency for the purposes for which it was
established.

         "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal corporate trust office of
the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall
be administered, which office at the date of original execution of this
Indenture is located at Bankers Trust Company, Four Albany Street, New York, New
York 10006, Attention: Corporate Trust and Agency Services or at any other time
at such other address as the Trustee may designate from time to time by notice
to the parties hereto or at the principal corporate trust office of any
successor trustee as to which such successor trustee may notify the parties
hereto in writing.

         "Corporation" includes corporations, limited liability companies,
incorporated associations, companies and business trusts.

         "Coupon" means any interest coupon appertaining to a Bearer Security.

         "Currency," with respect to any payment, deposit or other transfer in
respect of the principal of or any premium or interest on or any Additional
Amounts with respect to any Security, means Dollars or the Foreign Currency, as
the case may be, in which such payment, deposit or other transfer is required to
be made by or pursuant to the terms hereof or such Security and, with respect to
any other payment, deposit or transfer pursuant to or contemplated by the terms
hereof or such Security, means Dollars.

         "CUSIP number" means the alphanumeric designation assigned to a
Security by Standard & Poor's Ratings Service, CUSIP Service Bureau.

         "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 3.7.

         "Designated Subsidiary" means any present or future consolidated
Subsidiary of the Company, the Consolidated Net Worth of which constitutes at
least 10% of the Consolidated Net Worth of the Company.

         "Dollars" or "$" means a dollar or other equivalent unit of legal
tender for payment of public or private debts in the United States of America.

         "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Section 5.1.



                                      -4-
<PAGE>

         "Foreign Currency" means any currency, currency unit or composite
currency, including, without limitation, the euro, issued by the government of
one or more countries other than the United States of America or by any
recognized confederation or association of such governments.

         "Government Obligations" means securities which are (i) direct
obligations of the United States of America or the other government or
governments or confederation or association of governments which issued the
Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any premium or interest on such
Security or any Additional Amounts in respect thereof shall be payable, in each
case where the payment or payments thereunder are supported by the full faith
and credit of such government or governments or confederation or association of
governments or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and
acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America or such
other government or governments or confederation or association of governments,
in each case where the timely payment or payments thereunder are unconditionally
guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America
or such other government or governments or confederation or association of
governments, and which, in the case of (i) or (ii), are not callable or
redeemable at the option of the issuer or issuers thereof, and shall also
include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with
respect to any such Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on
or principal of or other amount with respect to any such Government Obligation
held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt,
provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to
make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository
receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Government
Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of or other
amount with respect to the Government Obligation evidenced by such depository
receipt.

         "Holder," in the case of any Registered Security, means the Person in
whose name such Security is registered in the Security Register and, in the case
if any Bearer Security, means the bearer thereof and, in the case of any Coupon,
means the bearer thereof.

         "Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person, (i) the principal of
and any premium and interest on (a) indebtedness of such Person for money
borrowed and (b) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other
similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or
liable; (ii) all Capitalized Lease Obligations of such Person; (iii) all
obligations of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of
property, all conditional sale obligations and all obligations under any title
retention agreement (but excluding trade accounts payable arising in the
ordinary course of business); (iv) all obligations of such Person for the
reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker's acceptance or
similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of
credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in (i) through
(iii) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to
the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent
drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the third Business Day
following receipt by such Person of a demand for reimbursement following payment
on the letter of credit); (v) all obligations of the type referred to in clauses
(i) through (iv) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the
payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable as
obligor, guarantor or otherwise, the amount thereof being deemed to be the
lesser of the stated recourse, if limited, and the amount of the obligation or
dividends of the other Person, (vi) all obligations of the type referred to in
clauses (i) through (v) of other Persons secured by any Lien on any property or
asset of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person),
the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the value of such
property or assets or the amount of the obligation so secured; and (vii) any
amendments, modifications, refundings, renewals or extensions of any
indebtedness or obligation described as Indebtedness in clauses (i) through (vi)
above.



                                      -5-
<PAGE>

         "Indenture" means this instrument as it may from time to time be
supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered
into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and, with respect to any
Security, by the terms and provisions of such Security and any Coupon
appertaining thereto established pursuant to Section 3.1 (as such terms and
provisions may be amended pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof).

         "Independent Public Accountants" means accountants or a firm of
accountants that, with respect to the Company and any other obligor under the
Securities or the Coupons, are independent public accountants within the meaning
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations
promulgated by the Commission thereunder, who may be the independent public
accountants regularly retained by the Company or who may be other independent
public accountants. Such accountants or firm shall be entitled to rely upon any
Opinion of Counsel as to the interpretation of any legal matters relating to
this Indenture or certificates required to be provided hereunder.

         "Indexed Security" means a Security the terms of which provide that the
principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity or upon acceleration
pursuant to Section 5.2 may be more or less than the principal face amount
thereof at original issuance.

         "interest," with respect to any Original Issue Discount Security which
by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after
Maturity and, when used with respect to a Security which provides for the
payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 10.4, includes such Additional
Amounts.

         "Interest Payment Date," with respect to any Security, means the Stated
Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.

         "Judgment Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.

         "Legal Holidays" has the meaning specified in Section 1.14.

         "Lien" has the meaning specified in Section 10.5.

         "Maturity," with respect to any Security, means the date on which the
principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and
payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration,
notice of redemption or repurchase, notice of option to elect repayment or
otherwise, and includes any Redemption Date and the date of any required
repurchase or repayment.

         "New York Banking Day" has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.



                                      -6-
<PAGE>

         "Office" or "Agency," with respect to any Securities, means an office
or agency of the Company maintained or designated as a Place of Payment for such
Securities pursuant to Section 10.2 or any other office or agency of the Company
maintained or designated for such Securities pursuant to Section 10.2 or, to the
extent designated or required by Section 10.2 in lieu of such office or agency,
the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.

         "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by two Authorized
Officers, at least one of which is a principal executive, principal financial or
principal accounting officer, that complies with the requirements of Section
314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act and is delivered to the Trustee.

         "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be an
employee of or counsel for the Company or other counsel who shall be reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee, that, if required by the Trust Indenture Act,
complies with the requirements of Section 314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act.

         "Original Issue Discount Security" means a Security issued pursuant to
this Indenture or the related Series Authorization which provides for
declaration of an amount less than the principal face amount thereof to be due
and payable upon acceleration pursuant to Section 5.2.

         "Outstanding," when used with respect to any Securities, means, as of
the date of determination, all such Securities theretofore authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, except:

                  (a) any such Security theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or
         the Security Registrar or delivered to the Trustee or the Security
         Registrar for cancellation;

                  (b) any such Security for whose payment at the Maturity
         thereof money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited
         pursuant hereto (other than pursuant to Section 4.2) with the Trustee
         or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and
         segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own
         Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities and any Coupons
         appertaining thereto, provided, that, if such Securities are to be
         redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to
         this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has
         been made;

                  (c) any such Security with respect to which the Company has
         effected defeasance pursuant to the terms hereof, except to the extent
         provided in Section 4.2;

                  (d) any such Security which has been paid pursuant to Section
         3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
         authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, unless there
         shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that
         such Security is held by a protected purchaser in whose hands such
         Security is a valid obligation of the Company; and

                  (e) any such Security converted or exchanged as contemplated
         by this Indenture into Common Stock of the Company or other securities,
         if the terms of such Security provide for such conversion or exchange
         pursuant to Section 3.1;



                                      -7-
<PAGE>

          provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the
          requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities have given any
          request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver
          hereunder or are present at a meeting of Holders of Securities for
          quorum purposes, (i) the principal amount of any Indexed Security that
          may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed
          Outstanding for such purposes shall be equal to the principal amount
          of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise
          provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
          Authorization, and (ii) the principal amount of a Security denominated
          in a Foreign Currency shall be the Dollar equivalent, determined on
          the date of original issuance of such Security, of the principal
          amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the
          Dollar equivalent on the date of original issuance of such Security of
          the then current principal amount) of such Security, unless otherwise
          provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
          Authorization, and (iii) Securities owned by the Company or any other
          obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such
          other obligor, shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding,
          except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in
          making any such determination or relying upon any such request,
          demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only
          Securities which a Responsible Officer of the Trustee actually knows
          to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which
          shall have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding
          if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee (A) the
          pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and (B) that
          the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the
          Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto or an Affiliate of the
          Company or such other obligor.

         "Paying Agent" means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the
principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with
respect to, any Security or any Coupon on behalf of the Company.

         "Person" means any individual, Corporation, partnership, joint venture,
joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any
agency or political subdivision thereof.

         "Place of Payment," with respect to any Security, means the place or
places where the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional
Amounts with respect to such Security are payable as provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture or the related Series Authorization.

         "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous
Security evidencing all or a portion of the same Indebtedness as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for or in
lieu of a lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security or any Security to which
a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains shall be deemed to
evidence the same Indebtedness as the lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen
Security or the Security to which a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon
appertains.



                                      -8-
<PAGE>

         "Preferred Stock" in respect of any Corporation means Capital Stock of
any class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the payment
of dividends, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or
involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Corporation, over shares of
Capital Stock of any other class of such Corporation.

         "principal" means, as of any date of determination with respect to the
Securities of any series, (i) in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security
or an Indexed Security, the amount due and payable with respect to principal
upon an acceleration thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 at such time and (ii) in
all other cases, par or the stated face amount of the related Security.

         "Redemption Date," with respect to any Security or portion thereof to
be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture or the related Series Authorization.

         "Redemption Price," with respect to any Security or portion thereof to
be redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed as determined by or
pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, exclusive of
accrued interest and any Additional Amounts with respect to accrued interest.

         "Registered Security" means any Security established pursuant to
Section 2.1 which is registered in a Security Register.

         "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Registered
Security on any Interest Payment Date therefor means the date, if any, specified
in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization as the
"Regular Record Date".

         "Required Currency" has the meaning specified in Section 1.16.

         "Responsible Officer" means any officer within the Corporate Trust
Office of the Trustee, including any vice president, any assistant vice
president, director, managing director, associate or any trust officer or any
other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those
performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect
to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is
referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular
subject.

         "Security" or "Securities" means any note or notes, bond or bonds,
debenture or debentures, or any other evidences of Indebtedness, as the case may
be, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that,
if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under this
Indenture, "Securities," with respect to any such Person, shall mean Securities
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, exclusive, however, of
Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee.

         "Security Register" and "Security Registrar" have the respective
meanings specified in Section 3.5.

         "Series Authorization" means, with respect to any series or class of
Securities, (i) a Board Resolution and Officers' Certificate or (ii) one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, establishing such series or class of Securities
and setting forth the terms thereof, including, in either case, a form of note
or notes representing such Securities.



                                      -9-
<PAGE>

         "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest on any
Registered Security means a date fixed by the Company pursuant to Section 3.7.

         "Stated Maturity," with respect to any Security or any installment of
principal thereof or interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect
thereto, means the date established by or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization as the fixed date on which the principal of such
Security or such installment of principal or interest is, or such Additional
Amounts are, due and payable.

         "Subsidiary" means, in respect of any Person, any Corporation, limited
or general partnership or other business entity of which at the time of
determination more than 50% of the voting power of the shares of its Capital
Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) entitled (without
regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of
directors, managers or trustees thereof is owned or controlled, directly or
indirectly, by (i) such Person, (ii) such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of
such Person or (iii) one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.

         "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, and any reference herein to the Trust Indenture Act or a particular
provision thereof shall mean such Act or provision, as the case may be, as
amended or replaced from time to time or as supplemented from time to time by
rules or regulations adopted by the Commission under or in furtherance of the
purposes of such Act or provision, as the case may be.

         "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first
paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such
with respect to one or more series of Securities pursuant to the applicable
provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean each Person
who is then a Trustee hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is
more than one such Person, "Trustee" shall mean each such Person and as used
with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect
to the Securities of such series.

         "United States," except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture or any Series Authorization, means the United States of America
(including the states thereof and the District of Columbia), its territories and
possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.

         "U.S. Depository" or "Depository" means, with respect to any Security
issuable or issued in the form of one or more global Securities, the Person
designated as U.S. Depository or Depository by the Company in or pursuant to
this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, which Person must be, to the
extent required by applicable law or regulation, a clearing agency registered
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, if so provided with
respect to any Security, any successor to such Person. If at any time there is
more than one such Person, "U.S. Depository" or "Depository" shall mean, with
respect to any Securities, the qualifying entity which has been appointed with
respect to such Securities.

         "Vice President," when used with respect to the Trustee, means any vice
president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before
or after the title "Vice President".



                                      -10-
<PAGE>

     Section 1.2.      Compliance Certificates and Opinions.

         Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Indenture, upon any
application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under
any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an
Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided
for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with
and an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such
conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case
of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents
or any of them is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture
relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or
opinion need be furnished.

         Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a
condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include:

                  (a) a statement that the individual signing such certificate
         or opinion has read such condition or covenant and the definitions
         herein relating thereto;

                  (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the
         examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions
         contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

                  (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such individual, he
         has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable
         him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such condition
         or covenant has been complied with; and

                  (d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of such
         individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

     Section 1.3.      Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.

         In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or
covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all
such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such
Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one
such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one
or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify
or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.

         Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, provided
that such officer, after reasonable inquiry, has no reason to believe and does
not believe that the Opinion of Counsel with respect to the matters upon which
his certificate or opinion is based is erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel
may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or
opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating
that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession
of the Company, provided that such counsel, after reasonable inquiry, has no
reason to believe and does not believe that the certificate or opinion or
representations with respect to such matters are erroneous.



                                      -11-
<PAGE>

         Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture or any Security, they may, but need not, be
consolidated and form one instrument.

     Section 1.4.      Acts of Holders.

         (1) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action provided by or pursuant to this Indenture to be given or
taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly
appointed in writing. If, but only if, Securities of a series are issuable as
Bearer Securities, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization to be given or taken by Holders of Securities of
such series may, alternatively, be embodied in and evidenced by the record of
Holders of Securities of such series voting in favor thereof, either in person
or by proxies duly appointed in writing, at any meeting of Holders of Securities
of such series duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article
15, or a combination of such instruments and any such record. Except as herein
otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such
instrument or instruments or record or both are received by a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the
Company. Such instrument or instruments and any such record (and the action
embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the
"Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting at any
such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing
appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall
be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 315 of
the Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of the Trustee, the Company and any
agent of the Trustee or the Company, if made in the manner provided in this
Section. The record of any meeting of Holders of Securities shall be proved in
the manner provided in Section 15.6.

         (2) Without limiting the generality of this Section 1.4, unless
otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization, a Holder, including a U.S. Depository that is a Holder of a
global Security, may make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in
writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization to be made, given or taken by Holders, and a U.S. Depository that
is a Holder of a global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the
beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security through such U.S.
Depository's standing instructions and customary practices.

         (3) The Company shall fix a record date for the purpose of determining
the Persons who are beneficial owners of interest in any permanent global
Security held by a U.S. Depository entitled under the procedures of such U.S.
Depository to make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in
writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization to be made, given or taken by Holders. If such a record date is
fixed, the Holders on such record date or their duly appointed proxy or proxies,
and only such Persons, shall be entitled to make, give or take such request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, whether
or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date. No such request,
demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act shall be
valid or effective if made, given or taken more than 90 days after such record
date.



                                      -12-
<PAGE>

         (4) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such
instrument or writing referred to in this Section 1.4 may be proved in any
reasonable manner; and the Trustee may in any instance require further proof,
including written proof, with respect to any of the matters referred to in this
Section.

         (5) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Registered
Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and the date of
the termination of holding the same, shall be proved by the Security Register.

         (6) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Bearer
Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and the date of
the termination of holding the same, may be proved by the production of such
Bearer Securities or by a certificate executed, as depositary, by any trust
company, bank, banker or other depositary reasonably acceptable to the Company,
wherever situated, if such certificate shall be deemed by the Company and the
Trustee to be satisfactory, showing that at the date therein mentioned such
Person had on deposit with such depositary, or exhibited to it, the Bearer
Securities therein described; or such facts may be proved by the certificate or
affidavit of the Person holding such Bearer Securities, if such certificate or
affidavit is deemed by the Trustee to be satisfactory. The Trustee and the
Company may assume that such ownership of any Bearer Security continues until
(i) another certificate or affidavit bearing a later date issued in respect of
the same Bearer Security is produced, or (ii) such Bearer Security is produced
to the Trustee by some other Person, or (iii) such Bearer Security is
surrendered in exchange for a Registered Security, or (iv) such Bearer Security
is no longer Outstanding. The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of
Bearer Securities held by the Person so executing such instrument or writing and
the date of the commencement and the date of the termination of holding the same
may also be proved in any other manner which the Company and the Trustee deem
sufficient.

         (7) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of any Registered
Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other Act, the Company may at its option (but is not obligated to), by
Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders
of Registered Securities entitled to give such request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act. If such a record date is fixed,
such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other
Act may be given before or after such record date, but only the Holders of
Registered Securities of record at the close of business on such record date
shall be deemed to be Holders for the purpose of determining whether Holders of
the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or agreed or
consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other Act, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities shall be
computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement
or consent by the Holders of Registered Securities shall be deemed effective
unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture
not later than six months after the record date.

         (8) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other Act by the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder
of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the
registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in
respect of anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee, any Security
Registrar, any Paying Agent or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not
notation of such Act is made upon such Security.



                                      -13-
<PAGE>

     Section 1.5.      Notices, etc. to Trustee and Company.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this
Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,

         (1) the Trustee by any Holder or the Company shall be sufficient for
every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or with
the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, or

         (2) the Company by the Trustee or any Holder shall be sufficient for
every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in
writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to the Company addressed to the
attention of its Treasurer, with a copy to the attention of its General Counsel,
at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this
instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the
Trustee by the Company.

     Section 1.6.      Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver.

         Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture
or the related Series Authorization, where this Indenture provides for notice to
Holders of Securities of any event,

         (1) such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Registered
Securities if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder
of a Registered Security affected by such event, at his address as it appears in
the Security Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the
earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice; and

         (2) such notice shall be sufficiently given to Holders of Bearer
Securities, if any, if published in an Authorized Newspaper in The City of New
York and, if such Securities are then listed on any stock exchange outside the
United States, in an Authorized Newspaper in such city as the Company shall
advise the Trustee in writing that such stock exchange so requires, on a
Business Day at least twice, the first such publication to be not earlier than
the earliest date and the second such publication not later than the latest date
prescribed for the giving of such notice.

         In any case where notice to Holders of Registered Securities is given
by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice
so mailed, to any particular Holder of a Registered Security shall affect the
sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered
Securities or the sufficiency of any notice to Holders of Bearer Securities
given as provided herein. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein
provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given or provided. In
the case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any
other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such
notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute
a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.



                                      -14-
<PAGE>

         In case by reason of the suspension of publication of any Authorized
Newspaper or Authorized Newspapers or by reason of any other cause it shall be
impracticable to publish any notice to Holders of Bearers Securities as provided
above, then such notification to Holders of Bearer Securities as shall be given
with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute sufficient notice to such
Holders for every purpose hereunder. Neither failure to give notice by
publication to Holders of Bearer Securities as provided above, nor any defect in
any notice so published, shall affect the sufficiency of any notice mailed to
Holders of Registered Securities as provided above.

         Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may
be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such
notice. Waivers of notice by Holders of Securities shall be filed in writing
with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the
validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.

     Section 1.7.      Language of Notices.

         Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
election or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the
English language, except that, if the Company so elects, any published notice
may be in an official language of the country of publication.

     Section 1.8.      Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.

         If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with any duties
under any required provision of the Trust Indenture Act imposed hereon by
Section 318(c) thereof, such required provision shall control.

     Section 1.9.      Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.

         The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

     Section 1.10.     Successors and Assigns.

         All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall
bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.

     Section 1.11.     Separability Clause.

         In case any provision in this Indenture, any Security or any Coupon
shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or
impaired thereby.



                                      -15-
<PAGE>

     Section 1.12.     Benefits of Indenture.

         Nothing in this Indenture, any Security or any Coupon, express or
implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Security
Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authenticating Agent and their successors
hereunder and the Holders of Securities or Coupons, any benefit or any legal or
equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.

     Section 1.13.     Governing Law.

         This Indenture, the Securities and any Coupons shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to
agreements made or instruments entered into and, in each case, performed in said
state.

     Section 1.14.     Legal Holidays.

         Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization, in any case where any Interest Payment Date,
Stated Maturity or Maturity of any Security, or the last date on which a Holder
has the right to convert or exchange Securities of a series that are convertible
or exchangeable, shall be a Legal Holiday at any Place of Payment, then
(notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, any Security or any
Coupon other than a provision in any Security or Coupon that specifically states
that such provision shall apply in lieu hereof) payment need not be made at such
Place of Payment on such date, and such Securities need not be converted or
exchanged on such date but such payment may be made, and such Securities may be
converted or exchanged, on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day at
such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest
Payment Date or at the Stated Maturity or Maturity or on such last day for
conversion or exchange, and no interest shall accrue on the amount payable on
such date or at such time for the period from and after such Interest Payment
Date, Stated Maturity, Maturity or last day for conversion or exchange, as the
case may be, to such next succeeding Business Day.

     Section 1.15.     Counterparts.

         This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of which
shall be an original and all of which shall constitute but one and the same
instrument.

     Section 1.16.     Judgment Currency.

         The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so
under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any
court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of, or
premium or interest, if any, or Additional Amounts on the Securities of any
series (the "Required Currency") into a currency in which a judgment will be
rendered (the "Judgment Currency"), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate
at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase
in The City of New York the requisite amount of the Required Currency with the
Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which a final
unappealable judgment is given and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to
make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall not be discharged or satisfied
by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered
in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required
Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the
actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency
expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable
as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in
the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall
fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be
payable and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other
sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, "New York Banking
Day" means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in The City of
New York or a day on which banking institutions in The City of New York are
authorized or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to be closed.



                                      -16-
<PAGE>

     Section 1.17.     No Security Interest Created.

         Subject to the provisions of Section 10.5, nothing in this Indenture or
in any Securities, express or implied, shall be construed to constitute a
security interest under the Uniform Commercial Code or similar legislation, as
now or hereafter enacted and in effect in any jurisdiction where property of the
Company or its Subsidiaries is or may be located.

     Section 1.18.     Limitation on Individual Liability.

         No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement
contained in this Indenture or in any Security, or for any claim based thereon
or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator,
shareholder, officer or director, as such, past, present or future, of the
Company, either directly or through the Company, whether by virtue of any
constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or
penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the
obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such
personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the
incorporators, shareholders, officers or directors, as such, of the Company, or
any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or
under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this
Indenture or in any Security or implied therefrom; and that any and all such
personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity
or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims
against, every such incorporator, shareholder, officer or director, as such,
because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by
reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture
or in any Security or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and
released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this
Indenture and the issuance of such Security.

     Section 1.19.     Submission to Jurisdiction.

         The Company agrees that any judicial proceedings instituted in relation
to any matter arising under this Indenture, the Securities or any Coupons
appertaining thereto may be brought in any United States Federal or New York
State court sitting in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, New York
to the extent that such court has subject matter jurisdiction over the
controversy, and, by execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company
hereby irrevocably accepts, generally and unconditionally, the jurisdiction of
the aforesaid courts, acknowledges their competence and irrevocably agrees to be
bound by any judgment rendered in such proceeding. The Company also irrevocably
and unconditionally waives for the benefit of the Trustee and the Holders of the
Securities and Coupons any immunity from jurisdiction and any immunity from
legal process (whether through service or notice, attachment prior to judgment,
attachment in the aid of execution, execution or otherwise) in respect of this
Indenture. The Company hereby irrevocably designates and appoints for the
benefit of the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities and Coupons for the
term of this Indenture [Agent Name & Address], as its agent to receive on its
behalf service of all process (with a copy of all such service of process to be
delivered to [Person name, title, address]) brought against it with respect to
any such proceeding in any such court in The City of New York, such service
being hereby acknowledged by the Company to be effective and binding service on
it in every respect whether or not the Company shall then be doing or shall have
at any time done business in New York. Such appointment shall be irrevocable so
long as any of the Securities or Coupons or the obligations of the Company
hereunder remain outstanding until the appointment of a successor by the Company
and such successor's acceptance of such appointment. Upon such acceptance, the
Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of such
successor. The Company further agrees for the benefit of the Trustee and the
Holders of the Securities and the Coupons to take any and all action, including
the execution and filing of any and all such documents and instruments, as may
be necessary to continue such designation and appointment of said [Agent Name]
in full force and effect so long as any of the Securities or Coupons or the
obligations of the Company hereunder shall be outstanding. The Trustee shall not
be obligated and shall have no responsibility with respect to any failure by the
Company to take any such action. Nothing herein shall affect the right to serve
process in any other manner permitted by any law or limit the right of the
Trustee or any Holder to institute proceedings against the Company in the courts
of any other jurisdiction or jurisdictions.



                                      -17-
<PAGE>

                                   Article 2

                                SECURITIES FORMS

     Section 2.1.      Forms Generally.

         Each Registered Security, Bearer Security, Coupon and temporary or
permanent global Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be in the form
established by or pursuant to the related Series Authorization, shall have such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are
required or permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization or any indenture supplemental hereto and may have such letters,
numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed
thereon as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing
such Security or Coupon as evidenced by their execution of such Security or
Coupon.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to the related Series
Authorization, the Securities shall be issuable in registered form without
Coupons and shall not be issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

         Definitive Securities and definitive Coupons shall be printed,
lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods on a
steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other
manner, all as determined by the officers of the Company executing such
Securities or Coupons, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities or
Coupons.

     Section 2.2.      Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication.

         Subject to Section 6.11, the Trustee's certificate of authentication
shall be in substantially the following form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                       BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, as Trustee




                                       By:_____________________________________
                                                         Authorized Officer

     Section 2.3.      Securities in Global Form.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to the related Series
Authorization, the Securities of a series shall not be issuable in temporary or
permanent global form. If Securities of a series shall be issuable in global
form, any such Security may provide that it or any number of such Securities
shall represent the aggregate amount of all Outstanding Securities of such
series (or such lesser amount as is permitted by the terms thereof) from time to
time endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of
Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time to time be increased or
reduced to reflect exchanges. Any endorsement of any Security in global form to
reflect the amount, or any increase or decrease in the amount, or changes in the
rights of Holders, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made
in such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in
the Company Order to be delivered pursuant to Section 3.3 or Section 3.4 with
respect thereto. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 and, if applicable,
Section 3.4, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver, in each case at the
Company's expense, any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon
written instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the
applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant to Section 3.3 or Section
3.4 has been, or simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company
with respect to a Security in global form shall be in writing and, with respect
to matters set forth in this Section 2.3, need not be accompanied by or
contained in an Officers' Certificate and need not be accompanied by an Opinion
of Counsel.



                                      -18-
<PAGE>

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.7, unless otherwise
specified in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization, payment of
principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts in respect
of, any Security in temporary or permanent global form shall be made to the
Person or Persons specified therein.

         Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.8 and except as provided in
the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company
or the Trustee shall treat as the Holder of such principal amount of Outstanding
Securities represented by a global Security (i) in the case of a global Security
in registered form, the Holder of such global Security in registered form, or
(ii) in the case of a global Security in bearer form, the Person or Persons
specified pursuant to Section 3.1.

                                   Article 3

                                 THE SECURITIES

     Section 3.1.      Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.

         The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in
one or more series. With respect to any Securities to be authenticated and
delivered hereunder, there shall be established in the related Series
Authorization, the following:

         (1) the title of such Securities and the series in which such
Securities shall be included;

         (2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of
such title or the Securities of such series which may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and
delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of,
other Securities of such series pursuant to Section 3.4, Section 3.5, Section
3.6, Section 9.5 or Section 11.7, upon repayment in part of any Registered
Security of such series pursuant to Article 13, upon surrender in part of any
Registered Security for conversion into Common Stock of the Company or exchange
for other securities pursuant to its terms, or pursuant to or as contemplated by
the terms of such Securities);

         (3) if such Securities are to be issuable as Registered Securities, as
Bearer Securities or alternatively as Bearer Securities and Registered
Securities, and whether the Bearer Securities are to be issuable with Coupons,
without Coupons or both, and any restrictions applicable to the offer, sale or
delivery of the Bearer Securities and the terms, if any, upon which Bearer
Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities and vice versa;

         (4) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form, when
any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form and (i) whether such
Securities are to be issued in temporary or permanent global form or both, (ii)
whether beneficial owners of interests in any such global Security may exchange
such interests for definitive Securities of the same series and of like tenor
and of any authorized form and denomination, and the circumstances under which
any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner specified in Section
3.5, and (iii) the name of the Depository or the U.S. Depository, as the case
may be, with respect to any such global Security;

         (5) if any of such Securities are to be issuable as Bearer Securities
or in global form, the date as of which any such Bearer Security or global
Security shall be dated (if other than the date of original issuance of the
first of such Securities to be issued);



                                      -19-
<PAGE>

         (6) if any of such Securities are to be issuable as Bearer Securities,
whether interest in respect of any portion of a temporary Bearer Security in
global form payable in respect of an Interest Payment Date therefor prior to the
exchange, if any, of such temporary Bearer Security for definitive Securities
shall be paid to any clearing organization with respect to the portion of such
temporary Bearer Security held for its account and, in such event, the terms and
conditions (including any certification requirements) upon which any such
interest payment received by a clearing organization will be credited to the
Persons entitled to interest payable on such Interest Payment Date;

         (7) the date or dates, or the method or methods, if any, by which such
date or dates shall be determined, on which the principal of such Securities is
payable;

         (8) the rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear interest, if
any, or the method or methods, if any, by which such rate or rates are to be
determined, the date or dates, if any, from which such interest shall accrue or
the method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates are to be determined,
the Interest Payment Dates, if any, on which such interest shall be payable on a
cash basis and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on
Registered Securities on any Interest Payment Date, whether and under what
circumstances Additional Amounts on such Securities or any of them shall be
payable, the notice, if any, to Holders regarding the determination of interest
on a floating rate Security and the manner of giving such notice, and the basis
upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of
twelve 30-day months;

         (9) if in addition to or other than the Borough of Manhattan, The City
of New York, the place or places where the principal of, any premium and
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities shall be
payable, any of such Securities that are Registered Securities may be
surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, any of such Securities may
be surrendered for conversion or exchange and notices or demands to or upon the
Company in respect of such Securities and this Indenture may be served, the
extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payment or Additional
Amounts on a global Security on an Interest Payment Date, will be paid and the
manner in which any principal of or premium, if any, on any global Security will
be paid;

         (10) whether any of such Securities are to be redeemable at the option
of the Company and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods
within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and conditions
upon which such Securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option
of the Company;

         (11) whether the Company is obligated to redeem or purchase any of such
Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option
of any Holder thereof and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or
periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and
conditions upon which such Securities shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole
or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and any provisions for the remarketing
of such Securities so redeemed or purchased;



                                      -20-
<PAGE>

         (12) the denominations in which any of such Securities that are
Registered Securities shall be issuable if other than denominations of $1,000
and any integral multiple thereof, and the denominations in which any of such
Securities that are Bearer Securities shall be issuable if other than the
denomination of $5,000;

         (13) whether the Securities of the series will be convertible into
shares of Common Stock of the Company and/or exchangeable for other securities,
whether or not issued by the Company, and, if so, the terms and conditions upon
which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any deletions
from or modifications or additions to this Indenture to permit or to facilitate
the issuance of such convertible or exchangeable Securities or the
administration thereof;

         (14) if other than the principal face amount thereof, the portion of
the par or stated face amount of any of such Securities that shall be payable
upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2
or the method by which such portion is to be determined or, in the case of
Indexed Securities, the portion of the principal face amount that shall be
payable upon Stated Maturity or the method by which such portion is to be
determined;

         (15) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which payment of
the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with
respect to any of such Securities shall be payable;

         (16) if the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional
Amounts with respect to any of such Securities are to be payable, at the
election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in Dollars or in a
Foreign Currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be
payable, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, and the
other terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time
and manner of determining the exchange rate between the Currency in which such
Securities are stated to be payable and the Currency in which such Securities or
any of them are to be paid pursuant to such election, and any deletions from or
modifications of or additions to the terms of this Indenture to provide for or
to facilitate the issuance of Securities denominated or payable, at the election
of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency;

         (17) whether the amount of payments of principal of, any premium or
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities may be
determined with reference to an index, formula or other method or methods (which
index, formula or method or methods may be based, without limitation, on one or
more Currencies, commodities, equity securities, equity indices or other
indices), and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which and the manner in
which such amounts shall be determined and paid or payable;

         (18) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of
Default or covenants of the Company with respect to any of such Securities,
whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with the
Events of Default or covenants set forth herein;



                                      -21-
<PAGE>

         (19) whether either or both of Section 4.2(2) relating to defeasance or
Section 4.2(3) relating to covenant defeasance shall not be applicable to the
Securities of such series, or any covenants in addition to those specified in
Section 4.2(3) relating to the Securities of such series which shall be subject
to covenant defeasance, and any deletions from, or modifications or additions
to, the provisions of Article 4 in respect of the Securities of such series;

         (20) whether any of such Securities are to be issuable upon the
exercise of warrants, and the time, manner and place for such Securities to be
authenticated and delivered;

         (21) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form and
are to be issuable in definitive form (whether upon original issue or upon
exchange of a temporary Security) only upon receipt of certain certificates or
other documents or satisfaction of other conditions, then the form and terms of
such certificates, documents or conditions;

         (22) if there is more than one Trustee, the identity of the Trustee
and, if not the Trustee, the identity of each Security Registrar, Paying Agent
or Authenticating Agent with respect to such Securities; and

         (23) any other terms of such Securities and any other deletions from or
modifications or additions to this Indenture in respect of such Securities.

         All Securities of any one series and all Coupons, if any, appertaining
to Bearer Securities of such series shall be substantially identical except as
to Currency of payments due thereunder, denomination and the rate of interest
thereon, or method of determining the rate of interest, if any, Maturity, and
the date from which interest, if any, shall accrue and except as may otherwise
be provided by the Company in or pursuant to the Board Resolution and set forth
in the Officers' Certificate or in any indenture or indentures supplemental
hereto pertaining to such series of Securities. The terms of the Securities of
any series may provide, without limitation, that the Securities shall be
authenticated and delivered by the Trustee on original issue from time to time
upon written order of persons designated in the Officers' Certificate or
supplemental indenture and that such persons are authorized to determine,
consistent with such Officers' Certificate or any applicable supplemental
indenture, such terms and conditions of the Securities of such series as are
specified in such Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture. All
Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless
otherwise so provided, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional
Securities of such series or to establish additional terms of such series of
Securities.

         If any of the terms of the Securities of any series shall be
established by action taken by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, the Board
Resolution shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the
Officers' Certificate setting forth the terms of such series.

     Section 3.2.      Currency; Denominations.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization, the principal of, any premium and interest on and
any Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities shall be payable in
Dollars. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization, Registered Securities denominated in Dollars shall
be issuable in registered form without Coupons in denominations of $1,000 and
any integral multiple thereof, and the Bearer Securities denominated in Dollars
shall be issuable in the denomination of $5,000. Securities not denominated in
Dollars shall be issuable in such denominations as are established with respect
to such Securities in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization.



                                      -22-
<PAGE>

     Section 3.3.      Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.

         Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by an Authorized
Officer and attested by a different Authorized Officer. Coupons shall be
executed on behalf of the Company by the Chief Financial Officer or Chief
Accounting Officer of the Company. The signature of any of these officers on the
Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto may be manual or facsimile.

         Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto bearing the manual or
facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of
the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any
of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and
delivery of such Securities and Coupons or did not hold such offices at the date
of original issuance of such Securities or Coupons.

         At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of
this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities, together with any Coupons
appertaining thereto, executed by the Company, to the Trustee for authentication
and, provided that the Board Resolution and Officers' Certificate or
supplemental indenture or indentures with respect to such Securities referred to
in Section 3.1 and a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities have been delivered to the Trustee, the Trustee in accordance with
the Company Order and subject to the provisions hereof and of such Securities
shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. In authenticating such
Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture
in relation to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, the Trustee
shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of
the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in, and may conclusively rely
upon,

         (1) an Opinion or Opinions of Counsel to the effect that:

                  (a) the form or forms and terms of such Securities and
         Coupons, if any, have been established in conformity with the
         provisions of this Indenture;

                  (b) all conditions precedent to the authentication and
         delivery of such Securities and Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto,
         have been complied with and that such Securities and Coupons, when
         completed by appropriate insertions, executed under the Company's
         corporate seal and attested by duly authorized officers of the Company,
         delivered by duly authorized officers of the Company to the Trustee for
         authentication pursuant to this Indenture, and authenticated and
         delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and
         subject to any conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will
         constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company,
         enforceable against the Company accordance with their terms, except as
         enforcement thereof may be subject to or limited by bankruptcy,
         insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement, fraudulent
         conveyance, fraudulent transfer or other similar laws relating to or
         affecting creditors' rights generally, and subject to general
         principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a
         proceeding in equity or at law) and will entitle the Holders thereof to
         the benefits of this Indenture; such Opinion of Counsel need express no
         opinion as to the availability of equitable remedies;



                                      -23-
<PAGE>

                  (c) all laws and requirements in respect of the execution and
         delivery by the Company of such Securities and Coupons, if any, have
         been complied with; and

                  (d) this Indenture has been qualified under the Trust
         Indenture Act; and

         (2) an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent to
the execution, authentication and delivery of such Securities and Coupons, if
any, appertaining thereto, have been complied with and that, to the best
knowledge of the Persons executing such certificate, no event which is, or after
notice or lapse of time would become, an Event of Default with respect to any of
the Securities shall have occurred and be continuing.

         If all the Securities of any series are not to be issued at one time,
it shall not be necessary to deliver an Opinion of Counsel and an Officers'
Certificate at the time of issuance of each Security, but such opinion and
certificate, with appropriate modifications, shall be delivered at or before the
time of issuance of the first Security of such series. After any such first
delivery, any separate written request by an Authorized Officer of the Company
or any person designated in writing by an Authorized Officer that the Trustee
authenticate and deliver Securities of such series for original issue will be
deemed to be a certification by the Company that all conditions precedent
provided for in this Indenture relating to authentication and delivery of such
Securities continue to have been complied with.

         The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate or to cause an
Authenticating Agent to authenticate any Securities, nor will it be liable for
its refusal to authenticate or cause an Authenticating Agent to authenticate any
Securities, if the issue of such Securities will affect the Trustee's own
rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or
otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee or if
the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action may not
lawfully be taken.

         Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.
Each Bearer Security and any Bearer Security in global form shall be dated as of
the date specified in or pursuant to the related Series Authorization.

         No Security or Coupon appertaining thereto shall be entitled to any
benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless
there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in
the form provided for in Section 2.2 or Section 6.11 executed by or on behalf of
the Trustee or by the Authenticating Agent by the manual signature of one of its
authorized officers. Such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive
evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated
and delivered hereunder. Except as permitted by Section 3.6 or Section 3.7, the
Trustee shall not authenticate and deliver any Bearer Security unless all
Coupons appertaining thereto then matured have been detached and cancelled.



                                      -24-
<PAGE>

     Section 3.4.      Temporary Securities.

         Pending the preparation of definitive Securities, the Company may
execute and deliver to the Trustee and, upon Company Order, the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, in the manner provided in Section 3.3, temporary
Securities in lieu thereof which are printed, lithographed, typewritten,
mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination,
substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they
are issued, in registered form or, if authorized in or pursuant to this
Indenture or the related Series Authorization, in bearer form with one or more
Coupons or without Coupons and with such appropriate insertions, omissions,
substitutions and other variations as the officers of the Company executing such
Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such
Securities. Such temporary Securities may be in global form.

         Except in the case of temporary Securities in global form, which shall
be exchanged in accordance with the provisions thereof, if temporary Securities
are issued, the Company shall cause definitive Securities to be prepared without
unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of the same
series and containing terms and provisions that are identical to those of any
temporary Securities, such temporary Securities shall be exchangeable for such
definitive Securities upon surrender of such temporary Securities at an Office
or Agency for such Securities, without charge to any Holder thereof. Upon
surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities (accompanied
by any unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto), the Company shall execute and
the Trustee upon Company Order shall authenticate and deliver in exchange
therefor a like principal amount of definitive Securities of authorized
denominations of the same series and containing identical terms and provisions;
provided, however, that no definitive Bearer Security, except as provided in or
pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, shall be
delivered in exchange for a temporary Registered Security; and provided,
further, that a definitive Bearer Security shall be delivered in exchange for a
temporary Bearer Security only in compliance with the conditions set forth in or
pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization. Unless otherwise
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization
with respect to a temporary global Security, until so exchanged the temporary
Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits
under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series.

     Section 3.5.      Registration, Transfer and Exchange.

         With respect to the Registered Securities of each series, if any, the
Company shall cause to be kept a register (each such register being herein
sometimes referred to as the "Security Register") at an Office or Agency for
such series in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may
prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of the Registered
Securities of such series and of transfers of the Registered Securities of such
series. Such Office or Agency shall be the "Security Registrar" for that series
of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or
the related Series Authorization, the Trustee shall be the initial Security
Registrar for each series of Securities. The Company shall have the right to
remove and replace from time to time the Security Registrar for any series of
Securities; provided that no such removal or replacement shall be effective
until a successor Security Registrar with respect to such series of Securities
shall have been appointed by the Company and shall have accepted such
appointment by the Company. In the event that the Trustee shall not be or shall
cease to be Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall
have the right to examine the Security Register for such series at all
reasonable times. There shall be only one Security Register for each series of
Securities.



                                      -25-
<PAGE>

         Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Registered Security
of any series at any Office or Agency for such series, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the
designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Registered Securities of
the same series denominated as authorized in or pursuant to this Indenture or
the related Series Authorization, of a like aggregate principal amount bearing a
number not contemporaneously outstanding and containing identical terms and
provisions.

         At the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of any series may be
exchanged for other Registered Securities of the same series containing
identical terms and provisions, in any authorized denominations, and of a like
aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at
any Office or Agency for such series. Whenever any Registered Securities are so
surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver, the Registered Securities which the Holder making the
exchange is entitled to receive.

         If provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization, with respect to Securities of any series, at the option of the
Holder, Bearer Securities of such series may be exchanged for Registered
Securities of such series containing identical terms, denominated as authorized
in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization and in the
same aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Bearer Securities to be
exchanged at any Office or Agency for such series, with all unmatured Coupons
and all matured Coupons in default thereto appertaining. If the Holder of a
Bearer Security is unable to produce any such unmatured Coupon or Coupons or
matured Coupon or Coupons in default, such exchange may be effected if the
Bearer Securities are accompanied by payment in funds acceptable to the Company
and the Trustee in an amount equal to the face amount of such missing Coupon or
Coupons, or the surrender of such missing Coupon or Coupons may be waived by the
Company and the Trustee if there is furnished to them such security or indemnity
as they may require to save each of them and any Paying Agent harmless. If
thereafter the Holder of such Bearer Security shall surrender to any Paying
Agent any such missing Coupon in respect of which such a payment shall have been
made, such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount of such payment;
provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 10.2, interest
represented by Coupons shall be payable only upon presentation and surrender of
those Coupons at an Office or Agency for such series located outside the United
States. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in case a Bearer Security of any series
is surrendered at any such Office or Agency for such series in exchange for a
Registered Security of such series and like tenor after the close of business at
such Office or Agency on (i) any Regular Record Date and before the opening of
business at such Office or Agency on the next succeeding Interest Payment Date,
or (ii) any Special Record Date and before the opening of business at such
Office or Agency on the related date for payment of Defaulted Interest, such
Bearer Security shall be surrendered without the Coupon relating to such
Interest Payment Date or proposed date of payment, as the case may be (or, if
such Coupon is so surrendered with such Bearer Security, such Coupon shall be
returned to the Person so surrendering the Bearer Security), and interest or
Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, shall not be payable on such Interest
Payment Date or proposed date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of the
Registered Security issued in exchange for such Bearer Security, but shall be
payable only to the Holder of such Coupon when due in accordance with the
provisions of this Indenture.



                                      -26-
<PAGE>

         If provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization, at the option of the Holder, Registered Securities of such series
may be exchanged for Bearer Securities upon such terms and conditions as may be
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization.

         Whenever any Securities are surrendered for exchange as contemplated by
the immediately preceding two paragraphs, the Company shall execute, and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making
the exchange is entitled to receive.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise provided in or
pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, any global
Security shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities only if (i) the
Depository is at any time unwilling, unable or ineligible to continue as
depository and a successor depository is not appointed by the Company within 90
days of the date the Company is so informed in writing, (ii) the Company
executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company Order to the effect that such
global Security shall be so exchangeable, or (iii) an Event of Default has
occurred and is continuing with respect to the Securities. If the beneficial
owners of interests in a global Security are entitled to exchange such interests
for definitive Securities as the result of an event described in clause (i),
(ii) or (iii) of the preceding sentence, then without unnecessary delay but in
any event not later than the earliest date on which such interests may be so
exchanged, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee definitive Securities in
such form and denominations as are required by or pursuant to this Indenture or
the related Series Authorization, and of the same series, containing identical
terms and in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of such
global Security, executed by the Company. On or after the earliest date on which
such interests may be so exchanged, such global Security shall be surrendered
from time to time by the U.S. Depository or such other Depository as shall be
specified in the Company Order with respect thereto, and in accordance with
instructions given to the Trustee and the U.S. Depository or such other
Depository, as the case may be (which instructions shall be in writing but need
not be contained in or accompanied by an Officers' Certificate or be accompanied
by an Opinion of Counsel), as shall be specified in the Company Order with
respect thereto to the Trustee, as the Company's agent for such purpose, to be
exchanged, in whole or in part, for definitive Securities as described above
without charge. The Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery,
in exchange for each portion of such surrendered global Security, a like
aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of the same series of
authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such global
Security to be exchanged, which (unless such Securities are not issuable both as
Bearer Securities and as Registered Securities, in which case the definitive
Securities exchanged for the global Security shall be issuable only in the form
in which the Securities are issuable, as provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture or the related Series Authorization) shall be in the form of Bearer
Securities or Registered Securities, or any combination thereof, as shall be
specified by the beneficial owner thereof, but subject to the satisfaction of
any certification or other requirements to the issuance of Bearer Securities;
provided, however, that no such exchanges may occur during a period beginning at
the opening of business 15 days before selection of Securities of the same
series to be redeemed and ending on the relevant Redemption Date; and provided,
further, that (unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization) no Bearer Security delivered in exchange for a
portion of a global Security shall be mailed or otherwise delivered to any
location in the United States. Promptly following any such exchange in part,
such global Security shall be returned by the Trustee to such Depository or the
U.S. Depository, as the case may be, or such other Depository or U.S. Depository
referred to above in accordance with the instructions of the Company referred to
above. If a Registered Security is issued in exchange for any portion of a
global Security after the close of business at the Office or Agency for such
Security where such exchange occurs on or after (i) any Regular Record Date for
such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the
next succeeding Interest Payment Date, or (ii) any Special Record Date for such
Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the


                                      -27-
<PAGE>

related proposed date for payment of interest or Defaulted Interest, as the case
may be, interest shall not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed
date for payment, as the case may be, in respect of such Registered Security,
but shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment,
as the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such
portion of such global Security shall be payable in accordance with the
provisions of this Indenture.

         All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company evidencing the same
debt and entitling the Holders thereof to the same benefits under this Indenture
as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.

         Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration of
transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by the Company or
the Security Registrar for such Security) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by
a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Security Registrar for such Security duly executed by the Holder thereof or his
attorney duly authorized in writing.

         No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange, or redemption of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a
sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge and any other
expenses (including fees and expenses of the Trustee) that may be imposed in
connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other
than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, Section 9.5 or Section 11.7 not
involving any transfer.

         Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization, the Company shall not be required (i) to issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any Securities during a period beginning at
the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of
redemption of Securities of like tenor and the same series under Section 11.4
and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (ii) to
register the transfer of or exchange any Registered Security selected for
redemption in whole or in part, except in the case of any Security to be
redeemed in part, the portion thereof not to be redeemed, or (iii) to exchange
any Bearer Security selected for redemption except, to the extent provided with
respect to such Bearer Security, that such Bearer Security may be exchanged for
a Registered Security of like tenor and the same series, provided that such
Registered Security shall be immediately surrendered for redemption with written
instruction for payment consistent with the provisions of this Indenture or (iv)
to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security which, in accordance
with its terms, has surrendered for repayment at the option of the Holder,
except the portion, if any, of such Security not to be so repaid.



                                      -28-
<PAGE>

     Section 3.6.      Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

         If any mutilated Security or a Security with a mutilated Coupon
appertaining to it is surrendered to the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this Section 3.6, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series containing
identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not
contemporaneously outstanding, with Coupons appertaining thereto corresponding
to the Coupons, if any, appertaining to the surrendered Security.

         If there be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i) evidence to
their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security or Coupon,
and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to
the Company or the Trustee that such Security or Coupon has been acquired by a
protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and, upon the Company's request
the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of any
such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or in exchange for the
Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon appertains with all
appurtenant Coupons not destroyed, lost or stolen, a new Security of the same
series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a
number not contemporaneously outstanding, with Coupons appertaining thereto
corresponding to the Coupons, if any, appertaining to such destroyed, lost or
stolen Security or to the Security to which such destroyed, lost or stolen
Coupon appertains.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.6, in case
any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security or Coupon has become or is
about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of
issuing a new Security, pay such Security or Coupon; provided, however, that
payment of principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts
with respect to any Bearer Securities shall, except as otherwise provided in
Section 10.2, be payable only at an Office or Agency for such Securities located
outside the United States and, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture or the related Series Authorization, any interest on Bearer Securities
and any Additional Amounts with respect to such interest shall be payable only
upon presentation and surrender of the Coupons appertaining thereto.

         Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section 3.6, the
Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other
expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee and the fees and
expenses of the Trustee's counsel) connected therewith.

         Every new Security, with any Coupons appertaining thereto issued
pursuant to this Section 3.6 in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security,
or in exchange for a Security to which a destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon
appertains shall constitute a separate obligation of the Company, whether or not
the destroyed, lost or stolen Security and Coupons appertaining thereto or the
destroyed, lost or stolen Coupon shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and
shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and
proportionately with any and all other Securities of such series and any
Coupons, if any, duly issued hereunder.



                                      -29-
<PAGE>

         The provisions of this Section 3.6, as amended or supplemented pursuant
to this Indenture with respect to particular Securities or generally, shall be
exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and
remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities or Coupons.

     Section 3.7.     Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights
                      to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with
respect to any Registered Security which shall be payable, and are punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the
Person in whose name such Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is
registered as of the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such
interest.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization, any interest on and any Additional Amounts with
respect to any Registered Security which shall be payable, but shall not be
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for such
Registered Security (herein called "Defaulted Interest") shall forthwith cease
to be payable to the Holder thereof on the relevant Regular Record Date by
virtue of having been such Holder; and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by
the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2)
below:

         (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to
the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security
thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date
for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed by the Company
in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the
amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on such Registered Security,
the Special Record Date therefor and the date of the proposed payment, and at
the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money
equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted
Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit
on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when so deposited to
be held in trust in a segregated trust account pursuant to express written
instructions of the Company for the benefit of the Person entitled to such
Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. The Special Record Date for the
payment of such Defaulted Interest shall be not more than 15 days and not less
than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days
after notification to the Trustee of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall, in
the name and at the expense of the Company, cause notice of the proposed payment
of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed,
first-class postage prepaid, to the Holder of such Registered Security (or a
Predecessor Security thereof) at his address as it appears in the Security
Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee
shall, in the name and at the expense of the Company cause a similar notice to
be published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper of general circulation in
the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, but such publication shall not
be a condition precedent to the establishment of such Special Record Date.
Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record
Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be
paid to the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor
Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on such Special
Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2).



                                      -30-
<PAGE>

         (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other
lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange
on which such Security may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by
such exchange, if, after written notice given by the Company to the Trustee of
the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such payment shall be deemed
practicable by the Trustee.

         Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization of any particular series pursuant to the provisions
of this Indenture, at the option of the Company, interest on Registered
Securities that bear interest may be paid by mailing a check to the address of
the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security
Register or by wire transfer to an account maintained by the payee with a bank
located in the United States.

         Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section and Section 3.5,
each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or
in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to
interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other
Security.

         In the case of any Registered Security of any series that is
convertible into shares of Common Stock of the Company or exchangeable for other
securities, which Registered Security is converted or exchanged after any
Regular Record Date and on or prior to the next succeeding Interest Payment Date
(other than any Registered Security with respect to which the Stated Maturity is
prior to such Interest Payment Date), interest with respect to which the Stated
Maturity is on such Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest
Payment Date notwithstanding such conversion or exchange, and such interest
(whether or not punctually paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the
Person in whose name that Registered Security (or one or more predecessor
Registered Securities) is registered at the close of business on such Regular
Record Date. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the immediately preceding
sentence, in the case of any Registered Security which is converted or
exchanged, interest with respect to which the Stated Maturity is after the date
of conversion or exchange of such Registered Security shall not be payable.

     Section 3.8.      Persons Deemed Owners.

         Prior to due presentment of a Registered Security for registration of
transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the Person in whose name such Registered Security is registered in the
Security Register as the owner of such Registered Security for the purpose of
receiving payment of principal of, any premium and (subject to Sections 3.5 and
3.7) interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Registered
Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not any payment with
respect to such Registered Security shall be overdue, and none of the Company,
the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by
notice to the contrary.



                                      -31-
<PAGE>

         The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee
may treat the bearer of any Bearer Security or the bearer of any Coupon as the
absolute owner of such Security or Coupon for the purpose of receiving payment
thereof or on account thereof and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or
not any payment with respect to such Security or Coupon shall be overdue, and
none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee
shall be affected by notice to the contrary.

         No Holder of any beneficial interest in any global Security held on its
behalf by a Depository shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect
to such global Security, and such Depository may be treated by the Company, the
Trustee, and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such global
Security for all purposes whatsoever. None of the Company, the Trustee, any
Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility or liability
for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of
beneficial ownership interests of a global Security or for maintaining,
supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership
interests.

     Section 3.9.      Cancellation.

         All Securities and Coupons surrendered for payment, redemption,
registration of transfer, exchange or conversion or for credit against any
sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee,
be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities and Coupons, as well as
Securities and Coupons surrendered directly to the Trustee for any such purpose,
shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver
to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and
delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner
whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered shall be cancelled promptly by the
Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any
Securities cancelled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted
by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization. All
cancelled Securities and Coupons held by the Trustee shall be destroyed by the
Trustee, unless by a Company Order the Company directs their return to it.

     Section 3.10.     Computation of Interest.

         Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization, interest on the Securities shall be computed on
the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

     Section 3.11.     CUSIP Numbers.

         The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP," "CINS" and
"ISIN" numbers (if then generally in use), and the Trustee shall use CUSIP, CINS
or ISIN numbers, as the case may be, in notices of redemption or exchange as a
convenience to Holders and no representation shall be made as to the correctness
of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any
notice of redemption or exchange.



                                      -32-
<PAGE>

                                   Article 4

                     SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE

     Section 4.1.      Satisfaction and Discharge.

         Upon the direction of the Company by a Company Order, this Indenture
shall cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities
specified in such Company Order and any Coupons appertaining thereto, and the
Trustee, on receipt of a Company Order, at the expense of the Company, shall
execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this
Indenture as to such series, when

         (1)      either

                  (a) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated
         and delivered and all Coupons appertaining thereto (other than (i)
         Coupons appertaining to Bearer Securities of such series surrendered in
         exchange for Registered Securities of such series and maturing after
         such exchange whose surrender is not required or has been waived as
         provided in Section 3.5, (ii) Securities and Coupons of such series
         which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced
         or paid as provided in Section 3.6, (iii) Coupons appertaining to
         Securities of such series called for redemption and maturing after the
         relevant Redemption Date whose surrender has been waived as provided in
         Section 11.7, and (iv) Securities and Coupons of such series for whose
         payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and
         held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or
         discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been
         delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

                  (b) all Securities of such series and, in the case of (i) or
         (ii) below, any Coupons appertaining thereto not theretofore delivered
         to the Trustee for cancellation

                           (i) have become due and payable,

                           (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated
                  Maturity within one year, or

                           (iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company or
                  pursuant to the operation of a sinking fund, are to be called
                  for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory
                  to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the
                  Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,

          and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has
          deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in
          trust for such purpose, money in the Currency in which such Securities
          are payable in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire
          indebtedness on such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto
          not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including
          the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional
          Amounts with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining
          thereto (based upon applicable law as in effect on the date of such
          deposit), to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which
          have become due and payable) or to the Maturity thereof, as the case
          may be;



                                      -33-
<PAGE>

         (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such
series and any Coupons appertaining thereto; and

         (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein
provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture as to
such series have been complied with.

         In the event there are Securities of two or more series hereunder, the
Trustee shall be required to execute an instrument acknowledging satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture only if requested to do so with respect to
Securities of such series as to which it is Trustee and if the other conditions
thereto are met.

         Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture with
respect to any series of Securities, the obligations of the Company to the
Trustee under Section 6.6 and, if money shall have been deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to subclause (b) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations
of the Company and the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series
under Sections 3.5, 3.6, 4.3, 10.2 and 10.3, with respect to the payment of
Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to such Securities as contemplated by
Section 10.4 (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with
respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such
Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.1(1)(b)), and with respect to any
rights to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Stock of the Company
or other securities shall survive.

     Section 4.2.      Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance.

         (1) Unless pursuant to Section 3.1, either or both of (i) defeasance of
the Securities of or within a series under clause (2) of this Section 4.2 shall
not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such series or (ii) covenant
defeasance of the Securities of or within a series under clause (3) of this
Section 4.2 shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such
series, then such provisions, together with the other provisions of this Section
4.2 (with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section 3.1
with respect to any Securities), shall be applicable to such Securities and any
Coupons appertaining thereto, and the Company may at its option by Board
Resolution, at any time, with respect to such Securities and any Coupons
appertaining thereto, elect to have Section 4.2(2) or Section 4.2(3) be applied
to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto upon
compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Section 4.2.

         (2) Upon the Company's exercise of the above option applicable to this
Section 4.2(2) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company
shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to
such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto on the date the
conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 are satisfied
(hereinafter, "defeasance"). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the
Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness
represented by such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto,
which shall thereafter be deemed to be "Outstanding" only for the purposes of
clause (5) of this Section 4.2 and the other Sections of this Indenture referred
to in clauses (i) and (ii) below, and to have satisfied all of its other


                                      -34-
<PAGE>

obligations under such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto and this
Indenture insofar as such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto are
concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following which shall
survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i) the rights of
Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto to
receive, solely from the trust fund described in clause (4) of this Section 4.2
and as more fully set forth in such clause, payments in respect of the principal
of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on, and Additional Amounts, if
any, with respect to, such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto when
such payments are due, and any rights of such Holder to convert such Securities
into Common Stock of the Company or exchange such Securities for other
securities, (ii) the obligations of the Company and the Trustee with respect to
such Securities under Sections 3.5, 3.6, 10.2 and 10.3 and with respect to the
payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities as contemplated by
Section 10.4 (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with
respect to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such
Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) below), and with respect to any
rights to convert such Securities into Common Stock of the Company or exchange
such Securities for other securities, (iii) the rights, powers, trusts, duties
and immunities of the Trustee hereunder including, without limitation, the
compensation, reimbursement and indemnities provided in Section 6.6 herein and
(iv) this Section 4.2. The Company may exercise its option under this Section
4.2(2) notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under clause (3) of this
Section 4.2 with respect to such Securities and any Coupons appertaining
thereto.

         (3) Upon the Company's exercise of the option to have this Section
4.2(3) apply with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company
shall be released from its obligations under Section 10.5 and Section 10.6, and,
to the extent specified pursuant to Section 3.1(19), any other covenant
applicable to such Securities, including any obligation to redeem or repurchase
such securities at the option of the Holder thereof, with respect to such
Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto on and after the
date the conditions set forth in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 are satisfied
(hereinafter, "covenant defeasance"), and such Securities and any Coupons
appertaining thereto shall thereafter be deemed to be not "Outstanding" for the
purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and
the consequences of any thereof) in connection with any such covenant or
obligation, but shall continue to be deemed "Outstanding" for all other purposes
hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect
to such Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, the Company
may omit to comply with, and shall have no liability in respect of, any term,
condition or limitation set forth in any such Section or such other covenant or
obligation, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere
herein to any such Section or such other covenant or obligation or by reason of
reference in any such Section or such other covenant to any other provision
herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute
a default or an Event of Default under Section 5.1 but, except as specified
above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities and Coupons
appertaining thereto shall be unaffected thereby.



                                      -35-
<PAGE>

         (4) The following shall be the conditions to application of clause (2)
or (3) of this Section 4.2 to any Outstanding Securities of or within a series
and any Coupons appertaining thereto:

                  (a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to
         be deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the
         requirements of Section 6.7 who shall agree to comply with the
         provisions of this Section 4.2 applicable to it) as trust funds in
         trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically
         pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the
         Holders of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, (1) an
         amount in Dollars or in such Foreign Currency in which such Securities
         and any Coupons appertaining thereto are then specified as payable at
         Stated Maturity, or (2) Government Obligations applicable to such
         Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto (determined on the basis of
         the Currency in which such Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto
         are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity) which through the
         scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in
         accordance with their terms will provide, not later than one day before
         the due date of any payment with respect to such Securities and any
         Coupons appertaining thereto, money in an amount, or (3) a combination
         thereof, in any case, in an amount, sufficient, without consideration
         of any reinvestment of such principal and interest, in the opinion of a
         nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed
         in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and
         discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or other
         qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, (y) the principal of (and
         premium, if any) and interest, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts
         with respect to such Securities and Coupons appertaining thereto (based
         upon applicable law as in effect on the date of such deposit), such
         Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto at the
         Stated Maturity or Redemption Date of such principal or installment of
         principal or premium or interest and (z) any mandatory sinking fund
         payments or analogous payments applicable to such Outstanding
         Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto on the days on which
         such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this
         Indenture and of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto
         and, if applicable, shall have made irrevocable arrangements
         satisfactory to the Trustee for the redemption of any Securities to be
         redeemed at the option of the Company in connection with such deposit.

                  (b) No Event of Default or event which with notice or lapse of
         time or both would become an Event of Default with respect to such
         Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall have occurred and
         be continuing on the date of such deposit (after giving effect thereto)
         and, with respect to defeasance only, no event described in Section
         5.1(7) or (8) at any time during the period ending on the 91st day
         after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition
         shall not be deemed satisfied until the expiration of such period).

                  (c) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in
         a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material
         agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which the
         Company is a party or by which it is bound.



                                      -36-
<PAGE>

                  (d) In the case of an election under clause (2) of this
         Section 4.2 with respect to Registered Securities and any Bearer
         Securities for which the Place of Payment is within the United States,
         the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel
         stating that (i) the Company has received from the Internal Revenue
         Service a letter ruling, or there has been published by the Internal
         Revenue Service a Revenue Ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution
         of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal
         income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon
         such opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Outstanding
         Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize
         income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of
         such defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same
         amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been
         the case if such defeasance had not occurred.

                  (e) In the case of an election under clause (3) of this
         Section 4.2 with respect to Requested Securities and any Bearer
         Securities for which the Place of Payment is within the United States,
         the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel
         to the effect that the Holders of such Outstanding Securities and any
         Coupons appertaining thereto will not recognize income, gain or loss
         for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance
         and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts, in the
         same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such
         covenant defeasance had not occurred.

                  (f) With respect to defeasance only, the Company shall have
         delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that,
         after the 91st day after the date of deposit, all money and Government
         Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant to Section
         3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited or caused to be
         deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) pursuant to
         this clause (4) to be held in trust will not be subject to recapture or
         avoidance as a preference in any case or proceeding (whether voluntary
         or involuntary) in respect of the Company under any Federal or State
         bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or any
         decree or order for relief in respect of the Company issued in
         connection therewith (for which purpose such Opinion of Counsel may
         assume that no Holder is an "insider").

                  (g) With respect to defeasance only, the Company shall have
         delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate as to solvency and
         the absence of any intent of preferring the Holders over any other
         creditors of the Company.

                  (h) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an
         Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all
         conditions precedent to the defeasance or covenant defeasance under
         clause (2) or (3) of this Section 4.2 (as the case may be) have been
         complied with.

                  (i) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section
         4.2(4), such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in
         compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or
         limitations which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith
         pursuant to Section 3.1.



                                      -37-
<PAGE>

         (5) Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any
Series Authorization, if, after a deposit referred to in Section 4.2(4)(a) has
been made, (a) the Holder of a Security in respect of which such deposit was
made is entitled to, and does, elect pursuant to Section 3.1 or the terms of
such Security to receive payment in a Currency other than that in which the
deposit pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made in respect of such Security,
or (b) a Conversion Event occurs in respect of the Foreign Currency in which the
deposit pursuant to Section 4.2(4)(a) has been made, the indebtedness
represented by such Security and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall be
deemed to have been, and will be, fully discharged and satisfied through the
payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest, if any, on, and
Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Security as the same becomes
due out of the proceeds yielded by converting (from time to time as specified
below in the case of any such election) the amount or other property deposited
in respect of such Security into the Currency in which such Security becomes
payable as a result of such election or Conversion Event based on (x) in the
case of payments made pursuant to clause (a) above, the applicable market
exchange rate for such Currency in effect on the second Business Day prior to
each payment date, or (y) with respect to a Conversion Event, the applicable
market exchange rate for such Foreign Currency in effect (as nearly as feasible)
at the time of the Conversion Event.

         The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee (or other qualifying
trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 4.2(5) and Section 4.3, the
"Trustee") against any tax, fee or other charge, imposed on or assessed against
the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to this Section 4.2 or the
principal or interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee
or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of such
Outstanding Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto.

         Anything in this Section 4.2 to the contrary notwithstanding, the
Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company
Request any money or Government Obligations (or other property and any proceeds
therefrom) held by it as provided in clause (4) of this Section 4.2 which, in
the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in
excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to
effect a defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with
this Section 4.2.

     Section 4.3.      Application of Trust Money.

         Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all
money and Government Obligations (or other property as may be provided pursuant
to Section 3.1) (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee
pursuant to Section 4.1 or Section 4.2 in respect of any Outstanding Securities
of any series and any Coupons appertaining thereto shall be held in trust and
applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Securities and
any Coupons appertaining thereto and this Indenture, to the payment, either
directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own
Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities
and any Coupons appertaining thereto of all sums due and to become due thereon
in respect of principal (and premium, if any) and interest and Additional
Amounts, if any; but such money and Government Obligations need not be
segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.



                                      -38-
<PAGE>

                                    Article 5

                                    REMEDIES

     Section 5.1.      Events of Default.

         "Event of Default," wherever used herein with respect to Securities of
any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such
Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected
by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or
any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body),
unless such event is specifically deleted or modified in or pursuant to the
related Series Authorization:

         (1) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of such
series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when such
interest becomes or such Additional Amounts become due and payable, and
continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or

         (2) default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any
Security of such series, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto,
when such principal or premium becomes or such Additional Amounts become due and
payable at their Maturity; or

         (3) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty
of the Company in this Indenture or the Securities (other than a covenant or
warranty a default in the performance or the breach of which is elsewhere in
this Section specifically dealt with or which has been expressly included in
this Indenture solely for the benefit of a series of Securities other than such
series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 60 days after
there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the
Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written notice
specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating
that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

         (4) if any event of default as defined in any mortgage, indenture or
instrument under which there may be issued, or by which there may be secured or
evidenced, any Indebtedness of the Company for borrowed money (other than
Indebtedness which is non-recourse to the Company) shall happen and shall
consist of default in the payment of more than $100,000,000 in principal amount
of such Indebtedness when due (after giving effect to any applicable grace
period), and such default shall not be cured or such acceleration shall not be
rescinded or annulled within a period of 30 days after there shall have been
given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the
Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series, a written notice specifying such
event of default and requiring the Company to cause such default to be cured or
to cause such acceleration to be rescinded or annulled or to cause such
Indebtedness to be discharged and stating that such notice is a "Notice of
Default" hereunder; or



                                      -39-
<PAGE>

         (5) the Company shall fail within 60 days to pay, bond or otherwise
discharge any uninsured judgment or court order for the payment of money in
excess of $100,000,000, which is not stayed on appeal or is not otherwise being
appropriately contested in good faith; or

         (6) the entry by a court having competent jurisdiction of:

                  (a) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in
         an involuntary proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
         reorganization (other than a reorganization under a foreign law that
         does not relate to insolvency) or other similar law and such decree or
         order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60
         consecutive days; or

                  (b) a decree or order adjudging the Company to be insolvent,
         or approving a petition seeking reorganization (other than a
         reorganization under a foreign law that does not relate to insolvency),
         arrangement, adjustment or composition of the Company and such decree
         or order shall remain unstayed and in effect for a period of 60
         consecutive days; or

                  (c) a final and non-appealable order appointing a custodian,
         receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee or other similar official of
         the Company or of any substantial part of the property of the Company,
         or ordering the winding up or liquidation of the affairs of the
         Company; or

         (7) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary proceeding under any
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization (other than a reorganization
under a foreign law that does not relate to insolvency) or other similar law or
of a voluntary proceeding seeking to be adjudicated insolvent or the consent by
the Company to the entry of a decree or order or relief in an involuntary
proceeding under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
similar law or to the commencement of any insolvency proceedings against it, or
the filing by the Company of a petition or answer or consent seeking
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of the Company or relief
under any applicable law, or the consent by the Company to the filing of such
petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver,
liquidator, assignee, trustee or similar official of the Company or any
substantial part of the property of the Company or the making by the Company of
an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the taking of corporate action by
the Company in furtherance of any such action; or

         (8) any other or substitute Event of Default provided in or pursuant to
this Indenture or the related Series Authorization with respect to Securities of
such series.

     Section 5.2.      Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series at the
time Outstanding (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (7) or (8)
of Section 5.1) occurs and is continuing, then the Trustee or the Holders of not
less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series
may declare the principal of all the Securities of such series, to be due and
payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee
if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal shall
become immediately due and payable.



                                      -40-
<PAGE>

         If an Event of Default specified in clause (7) or (8) of Section 5.1
occurs, all unpaid principal of and accrued interest on the Outstanding
Securities of that series shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and
payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any
Holder of any Security of that series.

         At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to the
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series, by written notice to the Company and
the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if

         (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum of money
sufficient to pay

                  (a) all overdue installments of any interest on and Additional
         Amounts with respect to all Securities of such series and any Coupon
         appertaining thereto,

                  (b) the principal of and any premium on any Securities of such
         series which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of
         acceleration and interest thereon and any Additional Amounts with
         respect thereto at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such
         Securities,

                  (c) to the extent that payment of such interest or Additional
         Amounts is lawful, interest upon overdue installments of any interest
         and Additional Amounts at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in
         such Securities, and

                  (d) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the
         reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the
         Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Trustee
         under Section 6.6; and

         (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of such series,
other than the non-payment of the principal of, any premium and interest on, and
any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such series which shall
have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, shall have been
cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13.

         No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any
right consequent thereon.



                                      -41-
<PAGE>

     Section 5.3.      Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement
                       by Trustee.

         The Company covenants that if

         (1) default is made in the payment of any installment of interest on or
any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security or any Coupon appertaining
thereto when such interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and
payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

         (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of or any premium
on any Security or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto at their
Maturity,

the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the
benefit of the Holders of such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto,
the whole amount of money then due and payable with respect to such Securities
and any Coupons appertaining thereto, with interest upon the overdue principal,
any premium and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable, upon any overdue installments of interest and Additional Amounts at
the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such Securities, and, in addition
thereto, such further amount of money as shall be sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other
amounts due to the Trustee under Section 6.6.

         If the Company fails to pay the money it is required to pay the Trustee
pursuant to the preceding paragraph forthwith upon the demand of the Trustee,
the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a
judicial proceeding for the collection of the money so due and unpaid, and may
prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same
against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and any Coupons
appertaining thereto and collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in
the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other
obligor upon such Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto, wherever
situated.

         If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs
and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and
enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
and any Coupons appertaining thereto by such appropriate judicial proceedings as
the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights,
whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this
Indenture or such Securities or in aid of the exercise of any power granted
herein or therein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

     Section 5.4.      Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.

         In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other
judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities of any series or the property of the Company or such other obligor or
their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the
Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration
or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand
on the Company for the payment of any overdue principal, premium, interest or
Additional Amounts) shall be entitled and empowered, to the extent permitted by
applicable law by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,



                                      -42-
<PAGE>

         (1) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such lesser
amount as may be provided for in the Securities of any applicable series, of the
principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts owing and unpaid in
respect of the Securities and any Coupons appertaining thereto and to file such
other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the
claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents or counsel) and
of the Holders of Securities or any Coupons appertaining thereto allowed in such
judicial proceeding, and

         (2) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or
deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or
other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by
each Holder of Securities or any Coupons to make such payments to the Trustee
and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments
directly to the Holders of Securities or any Coupons, to pay to the Trustee any
amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the
Trustee under Section 6.6.

         Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a Security
or any Coupon any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition
affecting the Securities or Coupons or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to
authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder of a
Security or any Coupon in any such proceeding.

     Section 5.5.      Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of
                       Securities or Coupons.

         All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or any of the
Securities or Coupons may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the
possession of any of the Securities or Coupons or the production thereof in any
proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee
shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any
recovery or judgment, after provision for the payment of the reasonable
compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents
and counsel, shall be for the ratable benefit of each and every Holder of the
Securities or Coupons in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

     Section 5.6.      Application of Money Collected.

         Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be
applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and,
in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal, or any
premium, interest or Additional Amounts, upon presentation of the Securities or
Coupons, or both, as the case may be, and the notation thereon of the payment if
only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:



                                      -43-
<PAGE>

                  First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any
         predecessor Trustee under Section 6.6;

                  Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon
         the Securities and any Coupons for principal and any premium, interest
         and Additional Amounts in respect of which or for the benefit of which
         such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority
         of any kind, according to the aggregate amounts due and payable on such
         Securities and Coupons for principal and any premium, interest and
         Additional Amounts, respectively;

                  Third: The balance, if any, to the Person or Persons entitled
         thereto.

     Section 5.7.      Limitations on Suits.

         No Holder of any Security of any series or any Coupons appertaining
thereto shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise,
with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee,
or for any other remedy hereunder, unless

         (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a
continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series;

         (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series shall have made written request to the
Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own
name as Trustee hereunder;

         (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee such indemnity
as is reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities
to be incurred in compliance with such request;

         (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request
and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

         (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given
to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have
any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision
of this Indenture or any Security to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of
any other such Holders or Holders of Securities of any other series, or to
obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to
enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and
for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.

     Section 5.8.    Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any
                     Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts.

         Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of
any Security or Coupon shall have the right, which is absolute and
unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of, any premium and (subject
to Sections 3.5 and 3.7) interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to
such Security or payment of such Coupon, as the case may be, on the respective
Stated Maturity or Maturities therefor specified in such Security or Coupon (or,
in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment
at the option of such Holder if provided with respect to such Security, on the
date such repayment is due) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any
such payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of such
Holder.



                                      -44-
<PAGE>

     Section 5.9.      Restoration of Rights and Remedies.

         If the Trustee or any Holder of a Security or a Coupon has instituted
any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such
proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been
determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such
case the Company, the Trustee and each such Holder shall, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to
their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the
Trustee and each such Holder shall continue as though no such proceeding had
been instituted.

     Section 5.10.     Rights and Remedies Cumulative.

         Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment
of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities or Coupons in the last
paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved
to the Trustee or to each and every Holder of a Security or a Coupon is intended
to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy, to the
extent permitted by law, shall be cumulative and in addition to every other
right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in
equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy
hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

     Section 5.11.     Delay or Omission Not Waiver.

         No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security or
Coupon to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall
impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of
Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article
or by law to the Trustee or to any Holder of a Security or a Coupon may be
exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the
Trustee or by such Holder, as the case may be.

     Section 5.12.     Control by Holders of Securities.

         The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto, provided that

         (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or
with this Indenture or with the Securities of such series,



                                      -45-
<PAGE>

         (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee
which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

         (3) such direction is not unduly prejudicial to the rights of the other
Holders of Securities of such series not joining in such action.

     Section 5.13.     Waiver of Past Defaults.

         The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto may waive any
past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except
a default

         (1) in the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on, or
any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such series or any
Coupons appertaining thereto, or

         (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article 9
cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security of such series affected.

         Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event
of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every
purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or
other default or impair any right consequent thereon.

     Section 5.14.     Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws.

         The Company covenants that (to the extent that it may lawfully do so)
it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim
or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever
enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants
or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company expressly waives (to the
extent that it may lawfully do so) all benefit or advantage of any such law and
covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power
herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every
such power as though no such law had been enacted.

     Section 5.15.     Undertaking for Costs.

         All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by
his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its
discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under
this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or
omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of any
undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its
discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees,
against any party litigant in such suit having due regard to the merits and good
faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions
of this Section 5.15 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to
any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate
more than 10% in principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series, or to
any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the
principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on or Additional Amounts,
if any, with respect to any Security on or after the respective Stated
Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on or
after the Redemption Date, and, in the case of repayment or repurchase, on or
after the date for repayment or repurchase) or for the enforcement of the right,
if any, to convert or exchange any Security into Common Stock or other
securities in accordance with its terms.



                                      -46-
<PAGE>

                                   Article 6

                                   THE TRUSTEE

     Section 6.1.      Certain Rights of Trustee.

         Subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d) of the Trust Indenture Act:

         (1) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected in
acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement,
instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond,
debenture, note, coupon or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to
be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;

         (2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be
sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or a Company Order (in each case,
other than delivery of any Security, together with any Coupons appertaining
thereto, to the Trustee for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section 3.3
which shall be sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any resolution of
the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;

         (3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall
deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking,
suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence
shall be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its
part, rely upon an Officers' Certificate;

         (4) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such
counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;

         (5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture or the related
Series Authorization at the request or direction of any of the Holders of
Securities of any series or any Coupons appertaining thereto pursuant to this
Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee such security
or indemnity as is reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and
liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or
direction;

         (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the
facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument,
opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture,
coupon or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may but
shall not be obligated to make such further inquiry or investigation into such
facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make
such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine, during
business hours and upon reasonable notice, the books, records and premises of
the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;



                                      -47-
<PAGE>

         (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or
perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents, attorneys,
custodians or nominees and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any
misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent, attorney, custodian or
nominee appointed with due care by it hereunder;

         (8) the Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or error of
judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of
the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent, acted in
bad faith or engaged in willful misconduct;

         (9) the Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, and Security Registrar
shall have the same protections as the Trustee set forth hereunder;

         (10) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken,
suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with an Act of
the Holders hereunder, and, to the extent not so provided herein, with respect
to any act requiring the Trustee to exercise its own discretion, relating to the
time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to
the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under
this Indenture or any Securities, unless it shall be proved that, in connection
with any such action taken, suffered or omitted or any such act, the Trustee was
negligent, acted in bad faith or engaged in willful misconduct;

         (11) the Trustee is not responsible to see that the Company or any
other Person is maintaining any insurance required by the Indenture;

         (12) the Trustee shall not be responsible for the recording,
rerecording, filing of UCC Statements or UCC Continuation Statements;

         (13) In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may
conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the
opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the
Trustee which conform to the requirements of the Indenture;

         (14) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Trustee
undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set
forth in this Indenture and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read
into this Indenture against the Trustee;

         (15) Except as expressly required by the terms of this Indenture, none
of the provisions of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk
its own funds or otherwise incur any liability, financial or otherwise, in the
performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its
rights or powers if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that
repayment of such funds or indemnity satisfactory to it against such risk or
liability is not assured to it; and



                                      -48-
<PAGE>

         (16) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the
Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this
Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a
prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of
his own affairs.

     Section 6.2.      Notice of Defaults.

         Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder with
respect to the Securities of any series, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to
all Holders of Securities of such series entitled to receive reports pursuant to
Section 7.3(3), notice of such default hereunder actually known to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee, unless such default shall have been cured or waived;
provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the
principal of (or premium, if any), or interest, if any, on, or Additional
Amounts or any sinking fund or purchase fund installment with respect to, any
Security of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such
notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a
trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good
faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the best interest of
the Holders of Securities and Coupons of such series; and provided, further,
that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 5.1(5)
with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be
given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of
this Section, the term "default" means any event which is, or after notice or
lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to
Securities of such series.

     Section 6.3.      Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.

         The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee's certificate of authentication, and in any Coupons shall be taken as
the statements of the Company and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating
Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the
Securities or the Coupons, except that the Trustee represents that it is duly
authorized to execute and deliver this Indenture, authenticate the Securities
and perform its obligations hereunder and that the statements made by it in a
Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 supplied to the Company are true and
accurate, subject to the qualifications set forth therein. Neither the Trustee
nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by
the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof.

     Section 6.4.      May Hold Securities.

         The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other Person that may be an agent of the Trustee or the
Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or
pledgee of Securities or Coupons and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the
Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it
would have if it were not the Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent,
Security Registrar or such other Person.



                                      -49-
<PAGE>

     Section 6.5.      Money Held in Trust.

         Except as provided in Section 4.3 and Section 10.3, money held by the
Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the
extent required by law and shall be held uninvested. The Trustee shall be under
no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as
otherwise agreed to in writing with the Company.

     Section 6.6.      Compensation and Reimbursement.

         The Company agrees:

         (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for
all services rendered by the Trustee hereunder as agreed in writing between the
Company and the Trustee (which compensation shall not be limited by any
provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express
trust);

         (2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the
Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances
incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this
Indenture or arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or
administration of the trust or trusts hereunder (including the reasonable
compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel),
except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to the
Trustee's negligence or bad faith; and

         (3) to indemnify the Trustee and its agents, officers, directors and
employees for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability or expense
incurred, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration
of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending
themselves against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or
performance of any of their powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent
that any such loss, liability or expense was due to the Trustee's negligence or
bad faith.

         As security for the performance of the obligations of the Company under
this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any
series upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such,
except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of, and premium or
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities or any Coupons
appertaining thereto.

         To the extent permitted by law, any compensation or expense incurred by
the Trustee after a default specified in or pursuant to Section 5.1 is intended
to constitute an expense of administration under any then applicable bankruptcy
or insolvency law. "Trustee" for purposes of this Section 6.6 shall include any
predecessor Trustee but the negligence or bad faith of any Trustee shall not
affect the rights of any other Trustee under this Section 6.6.

         The provisions of this Section 6.6 shall survive the satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee
and shall apply with equal force and effect to the Trustee in its capacity as
Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent or Security Registrar.



                                      -50-
<PAGE>

     Section 6.7.      Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.

         There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a Corporation
organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any
state thereof or the District of Columbia, that is eligible under Section
310(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture
qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and that has a combined capital and
surplus (computed in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture
Act) of at least $50,000,000, and that is subject to supervision or examination
by Federal or state authority. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be
eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign
immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this
Article.

     Section 6.8.      Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.

         (1) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a
successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee pursuant to Section 6.9.

         (2) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities
of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the
instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.9 shall
not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such
notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such
series.

         (3) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the
Securities of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and the
Company.

         (4) If at any time:

                  (a) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the obligations
         imposed upon it under Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with
         respect to Securities of any series after written request therefor by
         the Company or any Holder of a Security of such series who has been a
         bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months,
         or

                  (b) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.7
         and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company
         or any such Holder, or

                  (c) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be
         adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its
         property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or
         control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of
         rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation,

         then, in any such case, (i) the Company, by or pursuant to a Board
         Resolution, may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities or
         the Securities of such series, or (ii) subject to Section 315(e) of the
         Trust Indenture Act, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide
         Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on
         behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court
         of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect
         to all Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor
         Trustee or Trustees.



                                      -51-
<PAGE>

         (5) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of
acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with
respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by or pursuant to
a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with
respect to the Securities of such series (it being understood that any such
successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more
or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with
respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the
applicable requirements of Section 6.9. If, within one year after such
resignation, removal or incapacity, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be
appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring
Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance
of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section
6.9, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series
and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If
no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have
been so appointed by the Company or the Holders of Securities and accepted
appointment in the manner required by Section 6.9, any Holder of a Security who
has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court
of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series.

         (6) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal
of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment
of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series by mailing
written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the
Holders of Registered Securities, if any, of such series as their names and
addresses appear in the Security Register and, if Securities of such series are
issued as Bearer Securities, by publishing notice of such event once in an
Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment located outside the United States.
Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.

         (7) In no event shall any retiring Trustee be liable for the acts or
omissions of any successor Trustee hereunder.

     Section 6.9.      Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.

         (1) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with
respect to all Securities, such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute,
acknowledge and deliver to the Company and the retiring Trustee an instrument
accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the
retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any
further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties hereunder of the retiring Trustee; but, on the written
request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon
payment of its charges, shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to
such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee
and, subject to Section 10.3, shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such
successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee
hereunder, subject nevertheless to its claim, if any, provided for in Section
6.6.



                                      -52-
<PAGE>

         (2) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the
retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall execute and deliver an
indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such
appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or
desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such successor Trustee all
the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to
the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such
successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with
respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed
necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in
the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of
this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the
administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall
constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee
shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any
trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no
Trustee shall be responsible for any notice given to, or received by, or any act
or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder, and, upon the
execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the resignation or
removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided
therein, such retiring Trustee shall have no further responsibility for the
exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and
obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the
Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor
Trustee relates other than as hereinafter expressly set forth, and such
successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become
vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee
with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor Trustee relates; but, on written request of the Company or
such successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges with
respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of
such successor Trustee relates and subject to Section 10.3 shall duly assign,
transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee, to the extent contemplated by
such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring
Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to
which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, subject to its claim,
if any, provided for in Section 6.6.

         (3) Upon request of any Person appointed hereunder as a successor
Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and
certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights,
powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) of this Section, as the
case may be.

         (4) No Person shall accept its appointment hereunder as a successor
Trustee unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Person shall be
qualified and eligible under this Article.



                                      -53-
<PAGE>

     Section 6.10.     Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
                       Business.

         Any Corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or
with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, shall be the
successor of the Trustee hereunder, without the execution or filing of any paper
or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any
Securities shall have been authenticated but not delivered by the Trustee then
in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such
authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities
so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself
authenticated such Securities.

     Section 6.11.     Appointment of Authenticating Agent.

         The Trustee may appoint one or more Authenticating Agents acceptable to
the Company with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be
authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of that or
those series issued upon original issue, exchange, registration of transfer,
partial redemption or partial repayment or pursuant to Section 3.6, and
Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the
Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the
authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's
certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include
authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent
and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent.

         Each Authenticating Agent must be acceptable to the Company and, except
as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization, shall at all times be a corporation that would be permitted by
the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the
Trust Indenture Act, is authorized under applicable law and by its charter to
act as an Authenticating Agent and has a combined capital and surplus (computed
in accordance with Section 310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least
$50,000,000. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible
in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section.

         Any Corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent
shall be a party, or any Corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of
the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent,
shall be the successor of such Authenticating Agent hereunder, provided such
Corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the
execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee
or the Authenticating Agent.

         An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall (i) mail written notice
of such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of
Registered Securities, if any, of the series with respect to which such
Authenticating Agent shall serve, as their names and addresses appear in the
Security Register, and (ii) if Securities of the series are issued as Bearer


                                      -54-
<PAGE>

Securities, publish notice of such appointment at least once in an Authorized
Newspaper in the place where such successor Authenticating Agent has its
principal office if such office is located outside the United States. Any
successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor
hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent.
No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section.

         The Company agrees to pay each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation for its services under this Section. If the Trustee
makes such payments, it shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments,
subject to the provisions of Section 6.6.

         The provisions of Section 3.8, Section 6.3 and Section 6.4 shall be
applicable to each Authenticating Agent.

         If an Authenticating Agent is appointed with respect to one or more
series of Securities pursuant to this Section, the Securities of such series may
have endorsed thereon, in addition to or in lieu of the Trustee's certificate of
authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in substantially the
following form:

         This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.

                                        BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, as Trustee




                                        By:  __________________________________
                                             as Authenticating Agent

                                        By:  __________________________________
                                             as Authenticating Agent

         If all of the Securities of any series may not be originally issued at
one time, and if the Trustee does not have an office capable of authenticating
Securities upon original issuance located in a Place of Payment where the
Company wishes to have Securities of such series authenticated upon original
issuance, the Trustee, if so requested in writing (which writing need not be
accompanied by or contained in an Officers' Certificate by the Company), shall
appoint in accordance with this Section an Authenticating Agent having an office
in a Place of Payment designated by the Company with respect to such series of
Securities.



                                      -55-
<PAGE>

                                   Article 7

                HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY

     Section 7.1. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.

         In accordance with Section 312(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the
Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee

         (1) semi-annually with respect to Securities of each series not later
than May 1 and November 1 of the year or upon such other dates as are set forth
in or pursuant to the Board Resolution or indenture supplemental hereto
authorizing such series, a list, in each case in such form as the Trustee may
reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders as of the applicable
date, and

         (2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within
30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar
form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list
is furnished,

          provided, however, that so long as the Trustee is the Security
Registrar no such list shall be required to be furnished.

     Section 7.2. Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.

         The Trustee shall comply with the obligations imposed upon it pursuant
to Section 312 of the Trust Indenture Act.

         Every Holder of Securities or Coupons, by receiving and holding the
same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company, the
Trustee, any Paying Agent or any Security Registrar shall be held accountable by
reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses
of the Holders of Securities in accordance with Section 312(c) of the Trust
Indenture Act, regardless of the source from which such information was derived,
and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any
material pursuant to a request made under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture
Act.

     Section 7.3. Reports by Trustee.

         (1) Within 60 days after September 15 of each year commencing with the
first September 15 following the first issuance of Securities pursuant to
Section 3.1, if required by Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, the
Trustee shall transmit, pursuant to Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a
brief report dated as of such September 15 with respect to any of the events
specified in said Section 313(a) which may have occurred since the later of the
immediately preceding September 15 and the date of this Indenture.

         (2) The Trustee shall transmit the reports required by Section 313(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act at the times specified therein.



                                      -56-
<PAGE>

         (3) Reports pursuant to this Section shall be transmitted in the manner
and to the Persons required by Sections 313(c) and 313(d) of the Trust Indenture
Act.

     Section 7.4. Reports by Company.

         The Company, pursuant to Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act,
shall:

         (1) file with the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is required
to file the same with the Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the
information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of
the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations
prescribe) which the Company may be required to file with the Commission
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended; or, if the Company is not required to file information, documents or
reports pursuant to either of said Sections, then it shall file with the Trustee
and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from
time to time by the Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic
information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section 13
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in respect of a security
listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed
from time to time in such rules and regulations;

         (2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules
and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such additional
information, documents and reports with respect to compliance by the Company,
with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required from time
to time by such rules and regulations; and

         (3) transmit within 30 days after the filing thereof with the Trustee,
in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust
Indenture Act, such summaries of any information, documents and reports required
to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Section as
may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission.

                                   Article 8

                 CONSOLIDATION, AMALGAMATIONS, MERGER AND SALES

     Section 8.1. Company May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms.

         The Company shall not consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into any
other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company), or convey, transfer
or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or substantially as an
entirety to any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company), and
the Company shall not permit any other Person (whether or not affiliated with
the Company) to consolidate or amalgamate with or merge into the Company or
convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an entirety or
substantially as an entirety to the Company; unless:

         (1) in case the Company shall consolidate or amalgamate with or merge
into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets as an
entirety or substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by
such consolidation or amalgamation or into which the Company is merged or the
Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties
and assets of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety shall
be a Corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United States of


                                      -57-
<PAGE>

America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, Bermuda, or any other
country which is on the date of this Indenture a member of the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development, and shall expressly assume, by an
indenture (or indentures, if at such time there is more than one Trustee)
supplemental hereto, executed by the successor Person and delivered to the
Trustee the due and punctual payment of the principal of, any premium and
interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to all the Securities and
the performance of every obligation in this Indenture and the Outstanding
Securities on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and shall
provide for conversion or exchange rights in accordance with the provisions of
the Securities of any series that are convertible or exchangeable into Common
Stock or other securities;

         (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating
any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company as a result of such
transaction as having been incurred by the Company at the time of such
transaction, no Event of Default or event which, after notice or lapse of time,
or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be
continuing; and

         (3) either the Company or the successor Person shall have delivered to
the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating
that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a
supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such
supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied
with.

     Section 8.2. Successor Person Substituted for Company.

         Upon any consolidation or amalgamation by the Company with or merger of
the Company into any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the
properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety to any Person
in accordance with Section 8.1, the successor Person formed by such
consolidation or amalgamation or into which the Company is merged or to which
such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted
for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture
with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company
herein; and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the predecessor Person
shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture, the
Securities and the Coupons.

                                   Article 9

                             SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

     Section 9.1. Supplemental Indentures without Consent of Holders.

         Without the consent of any Holders of Securities or Coupons, the
Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee,
at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, for any of the following purposes:



                                      -58-
<PAGE>

         (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, and
the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company contained
herein and in the Securities; or

         (2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
Holders of all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such
supplemental indenture or indentures) or to surrender any right or power herein
conferred upon the Company; or

         (3) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to
provide that Bearer Securities may be registrable as to principal, to change or
eliminate any restrictions on the payment of principal of, any premium or
interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities, to permit
Bearer Securities to be issued in exchange for Registered Securities, to permit
Bearer Securities to be exchanged for Bearer Securities of other authorized
denominations or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in
uncertificated form, provided any such action shall not adversely affect the
interests of the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series or any Coupons
appertaining thereto in any material respect; or

         (4) to establish the forms or terms of Securities of any series and any
Coupons appertaining thereto as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1; or

         (5) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder
by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and
to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be
necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.9;
or

         (6) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision
herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein,
or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising
under this Indenture which shall not adversely affect the interests of the
Holders of Securities of any series then Outstanding or any Coupons appertaining
thereto in any material respect; or

         (7) to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations and
restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue,
authentication and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth; or

         (8) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all or any
series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture); or

         (9) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such
extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and
discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Article 4, provided that any
such action shall not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of an
Outstanding Security of such series and any Coupons appertaining thereto or any
other Outstanding Security or Coupon in any material respect; or

         (10) to secure the Securities pursuant to Section 10.5 or otherwise; or

         (11) to make provisions with respect to conversion or exchange rights
of Holders of Securities of any series; or



                                      -59-
<PAGE>

         (12) to amend or supplement any provision contained herein or in any
supplemental indenture, provided that no such amendment or supplement shall
materially adversely affect the interests of the Holders of any Securities then
Outstanding.

     Section 9.2. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.

         With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in
principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such
supplemental indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the
Trustee, the Company (when authorized by or pursuant to a Company's Board
Resolution) and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures
supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in
any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of
modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series
under this Indenture or of the Securities of such series; provided, however,
that no such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security affected thereby, shall

         (1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any premium or
installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any
Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof (or modify the calculation of
such principal amount) or the rate (or modify the calculation of such rate) of
interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, or any premium
payable upon the redemption thereof or otherwise, or change the obligation of
the Company to pay Additional Amounts pursuant to Section 10.4 (except as
contemplated by Section 8.1(1) and permitted by Section 9.1(1)) or change the
redemption provisions or adversely affect the right of repayment at the option
of any Holder as contemplated by Article 13, or change the Place of Payment,
Currency in which the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any
Additional Amounts with respect to any Security is payable, or impair the right
to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated
Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date
or, in the case of repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the date
for repayment), or

         (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such
supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any
waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain
defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or
reduce the requirements of Section 15.4 for quorum or voting, or

         (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 5.13 or
Section 10.8, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain
other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the
consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, or

         (4) make any change that adversely affects the right to convert or
exchange any Security into or for Common Stock of the Company or other
securities (whether or not issued by the Company), cash or property in
accordance with its terms.



                                      -60-
<PAGE>

         A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or
other provision of this Indenture which shall have been included expressly and
solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which
modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to
such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under
this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.

         It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders of Securities under
this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental
indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance
thereof.

     Section 9.3. Execution of Supplemental Indentures.

         As a condition to executing, or accepting the additional trusts created
by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications
thereby of the trust created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to
receive, and (subject to Section 315 of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully
protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of
such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture and an
Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent to the execution of
such supplemental indenture have been fulfilled. The Trustee may, but shall not
be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.

     Section 9.4. Effect of Supplemental Indentures.

         Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article,
this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of a Security theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
and of any Coupon appertaining thereto shall be bound thereby.

     Section 9.5. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.

         Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the
execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as
to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall
so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the
opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the
Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.

     Section 9.6. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.

         Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall
conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.



                                      -61-
<PAGE>

     Section 9.7. Notice of Supplemental Indenture.

         Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to Section 9.2, the Company shall transmit to
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series affected thereby a notice
setting forth the substance of such supplemental indenture.

                                   Article 10

                                    COVENANTS

     Section 10.1. Payment of Principal, any Premium, Interest and Additional
                   Amounts.

         The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of the
Securities of each series that it will duly and punctually pay the principal
of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to the
Securities of such series in accordance with the terms thereof, any Coupons
appertaining thereto and this Indenture. Any interest due on any Bearer
Security on or before the Maturity thereof, and any Additional Amounts payable
with respect to such interest, shall be payable only upon presentation and
surrender of the Coupons appertaining thereto for such interest as they
severally mature.

     Section 10.2. Maintenance of Office or Agency.

         The Company shall maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an Office or Agency where Securities of such series (but not Bearer
Securities, except as otherwise provided below, unless such Place of Payment is
located outside the United States) may be presented or surrendered for payment,
where Securities of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer
or exchange, where Securities of such series that are convertible or
exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and where notices
and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such series
relating thereto and this Indenture may be served. If Securities of a series
are issuable as Bearer Securities, the Company, except as otherwise permitted
or required in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series
Authorization shall maintain, subject to any laws or regulations applicable
thereto, an Office or Agency in a Place of Payment for such series which is
located outside the United States where Securities of such series and any
Coupons appertaining thereto may be presented and surrendered for payment;
provided, however, that if the Securities of such series are listed on The
Stock Exchange of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland or the
Luxembourg Stock Exchange or any other stock exchange located outside the
United States and such stock exchange shall so require, the Company shall
maintain a Paying Agent in London, Luxembourg or any other required city
located outside the United States, as the case may be, so long as the
Securities of such series are listed on such exchange. The Company will give
prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the
location, of such Office or Agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to
maintain any such required Office or Agency or shall fail to furnish the
Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and
demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee,
except that Bearer Securities of such series and any Coupons appertaining
thereto may be presented and surrendered for payment at the place specified for
the purpose with respect to such Securities as provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture or the related Series Authorization, and the Company hereby appoints
the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices
and demands.



                                      -62-
<PAGE>

         Except as otherwise permitted or required in or pursuant to this
Indenture or the related Series Authorization, no payment of principal, premium,
interest or Additional Amounts with respect to Bearer Securities shall be made
at any Office or Agency in the United States or by check mailed to any address
in the United States or by wire transfer to an account maintained with a bank
located in the United States; provided, however, if amounts owing with respect
to any Bearer Securities shall be payable in Dollars, payment of principal of,
any premium or interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to any such
Security may be made at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee or any Office
or Agency designated by the Company in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New
York, if (but only if) payment of the full amount of such principal, premium,
interest or Additional Amounts at all offices outside the United States
maintained for such purpose by the Company in accordance with this Indenture is
illegal or effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar
restrictions.

         The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
Offices or Agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented
or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind
such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission
shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an Office
or Agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such
purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such
other Office or Agency. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture or the related Series Authorization, the Company hereby designates as
the Place of Payment for each series of Securities the Borough of Manhattan, The
City of New York, and initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee as the Office or Agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan, The
City of New York for such purpose. The Company may subsequently appoint a
different Office or Agency in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for
the Securities of any series.

         Unless otherwise specified with respect to any Securities pursuant to
Section 3.1, if and so long as the Securities of any series (i) are denominated
in a Foreign Currency or (ii) may be payable in a Foreign Currency, or so long
as it is required under any other provision of this Indenture, then the Company
will maintain with respect to each such series of Securities, or as so required,
at least one exchange rate agent.

     Section 10.3. Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust.

         If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with
respect to any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the
principal of, any premium or interest on or Additional Amounts with respect to
any of the Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum in the currency or currencies,
currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which the
Securities of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to
Section 3.1 for the Securities of such series) sufficient to pay the principal
or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due until such sums
shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and
shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing of its action or failure so to act.



                                      -63-
<PAGE>

         Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any
series of Securities, it shall, on or prior to each due date of the principal
of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any
Securities of such series, deposit with any Paying Agent a sum (in the currency
or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies
described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal and any
premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due, such sum to be held in
trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto, and (unless such Paying
Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee in writing of
its action or failure so to act.

         The Company shall cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in
which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions
of this Section, that such Paying Agent shall:

         (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of, any
premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of
such series in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such
sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in or
pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization;

         (2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other
obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any payment of
principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect
to the Securities of such series; and

         (3) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the
written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in
trust by such Paying Agent.

         The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in
trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee
upon the same terms as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or
such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee,
such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to
such sums.

         Except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto, any money
deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in
trust for the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any
Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of any series or any Coupon
appertaining thereto and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal
or any such premium or interest or any such Additional Amounts shall have become
due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then
held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such
Security or any Coupon appertaining thereto shall thereafter, as an unsecured
general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all
liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money,
and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease;
provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required
to make any such repayment, at the expense of the Company may cause to be
published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment for such
series or to be mailed to Holders of Registered Securities of such series, or
both, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified
therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication
or mailing nor shall it be later than two years after such principal and or any
premium or interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable, any
unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.



                                      -64-
<PAGE>

     Section 10.4. Additional Amounts.

         All payments of principal of and premium, if any, interest and any
other Amounts on, or in respect of, the Securities of any series or any Coupon
appertaining thereto shall be made without withholding or deduction at source
for, or on account of, any present or future taxes, fees, duties, assessments or
governmental charges of whatever nature imposed or levied by or on behalf of
Bermuda or any other jurisdiction in which the Company is organized (each, a
"taxing jurisdiction") or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof
or therein, unless such taxes, fees, duties, assessments or governmental charges
are required to be withheld or deducted by (i) the laws (or any regulations or
ruling promulgated thereunder) of a taxing jurisdiction or any political
subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein or (ii) an official position
regarding the application, administration, interpretation or enforcement of any
such laws, regulations or rulings (including, without limitation, a holding by a
court of competent jurisdiction or by a taxing authority in a taxing
jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof). If a withholding or
deduction at source is required, the Company shall, subject to certain
limitations and exceptions set forth below, pay to the Holder of any such
Security or any Coupon appertaining thereto such Additional Amounts as may be
necessary so that every net payment of principal, premium, if any, interest or
any other amount made to such Holder, after such withholding or deduction, shall
not be less than the amount provided for in such Security, any Coupons
appertaining thereto and this Indenture to be then due and payable; provided,
however, that the Company shall not be required to make payment of such
Additional Amounts for or on account of:

         (1) any tax, fee, duty, assessment or governmental charge of whatever
nature which would not have been imposed but for the fact that such Holder: (A)
was a resident, domiciliary or national of, or engaged in business or maintained
a permanent establishment or was physically present in, the relevant taxing
jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof or otherwise had some
connection with the relevant taxing jurisdiction other than by reason of the
mere ownership of, or receipt of payment under, such Security; (B) presented
such Security for payment in the relevant taxing jurisdiction or any political
subdivision thereof, unless such Security could not have been presented for
payment elsewhere; or (C) presented such Security more than thirty (30) days
after the date on which the payment in respect of such Security first became due
and payable or provided for, whichever is later, except to the extent that the
Holder would have been entitled to such Additional Amounts if it had presented
such Security for payment on any day within such period of thirty (30) days;

         (2) any estate, inheritance, gift, sale, transfer, personal property or
similar tax, assessment or other governmental charge;

         (3) any tax, assessment or other governmental charge that is imposed or
withheld by reason of the failure by the Holder or the beneficial owner of such
Security to comply with any reasonable request by the Company addressed to the
Holder within 90 days of such request (A) to provide information concerning the
nationality, residence or identity of the Holder or such beneficial owner or (B)
to make any declaration or other similar claim or satisfy any information or
reporting requirement, which, in the case of (A) or (B), is required or imposed
by statute, treaty, regulation or administrative practice of the relevant taxing
jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof as a precondition to exemption
from all or part of such tax, assessment or other governmental charge; or



                                      -65-
<PAGE>

         (4) any combination of items (1), (2) and (3);

nor shall Additional Amounts be paid with respect to any payment of the
principal of, or premium, if any, interest or any other amounts on, any such
Security to any Holder who is a fiduciary or partnership or other than the sole
beneficial owner of such Security to the extent such payment would be required
by the laws of the relevant taxing jurisdiction (or any political subdivision or
relevant taxing authority thereof or therein) to be included in the income for
tax purposes of a beneficiary or partner or settlor with respect to such
fiduciary or a member of such partnership or a beneficial owner who would not
have been entitled to such Additional Amounts had it been the Holder of the
Security.

         Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the
payment of the principal of or any premium, interest or any other amounts on, or
in respect of, any Security of any series or any Coupon or the net proceeds
received on the sale or exchange of any Security of any series, such mention
shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of Additional Amounts provided
by the terms of such series established hereby or pursuant hereto to the extent
that, in such context, Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in
respect thereof pursuant to such terms, and express mention of the payment of
Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provision hereof shall not be
construed as excluding the payment of Additional Amounts in those provisions
hereof where such express mention is not made.

         Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization of the applicable series, at least 10 days prior to
the first Interest Payment Date with respect to a series of Securities (or if
the Securities of such series shall not bear interest prior to Maturity, the
first day on which a payment of principal is made), and at least 10 days prior
to each date of payment of principal or interest if there has been any change
with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned Officers'
Certificate, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee and the principal Paying
Agent or Paying Agents, if other than the Trustee, an Officers' Certificate
instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such
payment of principal of and premium, if any, interest or any other amounts on
the Securities of such series shall be made to Holders of Securities of such
series or the Coupons appertaining thereto without withholding for or on account
of any tax, fee, duty, assessment or other governmental charge described in this
Section 10.4. If any such withholding shall be required, then such Officers'
Certificate shall specify by taxing jurisdiction the amount, if any, required to
be withheld on such payments to such Holders of Securities or Coupons, and the
Company agrees to pay to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the Additional Amounts
required by this Section 10.4. The Company covenants to indemnify the Trustee
and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability
or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part
arising out of or in connection with actions taken or omitted by any of them in
reliance on any Officers' Certificate furnished pursuant to this Section 10.4.



                                      -66-
<PAGE>

     Section 10.5. Limitation on Liens on Stock of Designated Subsidiaries.

         So long as any Securities are Outstanding, the Company will not, nor
will it permit any Subsidiary to, create, assume, incur, guarantee or otherwise
permit to exist any Indebtedness secured by any mortgage, pledge, lien, security
interest or other encumbrance (a "Lien") upon any shares of Capital Stock of any
Designated Subsidiary (whether such shares of stock are now owned or hereafter
acquired) without effectively providing concurrently that the Securities (and,
if the Company so elects, any other Indebtedness of the Company that is not
subordinate to the Securities and with respect to which the governing
instruments require, or pursuant to which the Company is otherwise obligated, to
provide such security) shall be secured equally and ratably with such
Indebtedness for at least the time period such other Indebtedness is so secured.

     Section 10.6. Limitation on Disposition of Stock of Designated
                   Subsidiaries.

         So long as any Securities are outstanding and except in a transaction
otherwise governed by this Indenture, the Company will not issue, sell, assign,
transfer or otherwise dispose of any shares of, securities convertible into, or
warrants, rights or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of, Capital
Stock (other than Preferred Stock having no voting rights of any kind) of any
Designated Subsidiary, and will not permit any Designated Subsidiary to issue
(other than to the Company) any shares (other than the director's qualifying
shares) of, or securities convertible into, or warrants, rights or options to
subscribe for or purchase shares of, Capital Stock (other than Preferred Stock
having no voting rights of any kind) of any Designated Subsidiary, if, after
giving effect to any such transaction and the issuance of the maximum number of
shares issuable upon the conversion or exercise of all such convertible
securities, warrants, rights or options, the Designated Subsidiary would remain
a Subsidiary of the Company and the Company would own, directly or indirectly,
less than 80% of the shares of Capital Stock of such Designated Subsidiary
(other than Preferred Stock having no voting rights of any kind); provided,
however, that (i) any issuance, sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition
permitted by the Company may only be made for at least a fair market value
consideration as determined by the Board of Directors pursuant to a Board
Resolution adopted in good faith and (ii) the foregoing shall not prohibit any
such issuance or disposition of securities if required by any law or any
regulation or order of any governmental or insurance regulatory authority.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Company may merge or consolidate any
Designated Subsidiary into or with another direct or indirect Subsidiary of the
Company the shares of Capital Stock of which the Company owns at least 70% and
(ii) the Company may, subject to the provisions of Article 8, sell, assign,
transfer or otherwise dispose of the entire Capital Stock of any Designated
Subsidiary at one time for at least a fair market value consideration as
determined by the Board of Directors pursuant to a Board Resolution adopted in
good faith.

     Section 10.7. Corporate Existence.

         Subject to Article 8, the Company shall do or cause to be done all
things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate
existence and rights (charter and statutory) and franchises; provided, however,
that the foregoing shall not obligate the Company to preserve any such right or
franchise if the Company shall determine that the preservation thereof is no
longer desirable in the conduct of its business and that the loss thereof is not
disadvantageous in any material respect to any Holder.



                                      -67-
<PAGE>

     Section 10.8. Waiver of Certain Covenants.

         The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any
term, provision or condition set forth in Sections 10.5, 10.6 or 10.7 with
respect to the Securities of any series if before the time for such compliance
the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series, by Act of such Holders, either shall waive such
compliance in such instance or generally shall have waived compliance with such
term, provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such
term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and,
until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the
duties of the Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall
remain in full force and effect.

     Section 10.9. Company Statement as to Compliance; Notice of Certain
                   Defaults.

         (1) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the
end of each fiscal year, a written statement (which need not be contained in or
accompanied by an Officers' Certificate) signed by the principal executive
officer, the principal financial officer or the principal accounting officer of
the Company, stating that

                  (a) a review of the activities of the Company during such year
         and of its performance under this Indenture has been made under his or
         her supervision, and

                  (b) to the best of his or her knowledge, based on such review,
         (a) the Company has complied with all the conditions and covenants
         imposed on it under this Indenture throughout such year, or, if there
         has been a default in the fulfillment of any such condition or
         covenant, specifying each such default known to him or her and the
         nature and status thereof, and (b) no event has occurred and is
         continuing which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would
         become, an Event of Default, or, if such an event has occurred and is
         continuing, specifying each such event known to him and the nature and
         status thereof.

         (2) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within five days after
the occurrence thereof, written notice of any Event of Default or any event
which after notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default
pursuant to clause (4) of Section 5.1.

         (3) The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor the Company's compliance
with the covenants contained in this Article 10 other than as specifically set
forth in this Section 10.9.

     Section 10.10. Calculation of Original Issue Discount.

         The Company shall file with the Trustee promptly at the end of each
calendar year (i) a written notice specifying the amount of original issue
discount (including daily rates and accrual periods) accrued on any Outstanding
Original Issue Discount Securities as of the end of such year and (ii) such
other specific information relating to such original issue discount as may then
be relevant under the Code, as amended from time to time.



                                      -68-
<PAGE>

                                   Article 11

                            REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES

     Section 11.1. Applicability of Article.

         Redemption of Securities of any series as permitted or required by the
terms of such Securities shall be made in accordance with the terms of such
Securities and (except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto) this
Article.

     Section 11.2. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.

         The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced
by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election
of the Company of (a) less than all of the Securities of any series or (b) all
of the Securities of any series, with the same issue date, interest rate or
formula, Stated Maturity and other terms, the Company shall, at least 60 days
prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall
be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee in writing of such
Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be
redeemed.

     Section 11.3. Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed.

         If less than all of the Securities of any series with the same issue
date, interest rate or formula, Stated Maturity and other terms are to be
redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more
than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee from the Outstanding
Securities of such series not previously called for redemption, by such method
as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the
selection for redemption of portions of the principal amount of Registered
Securities of such series; provided, however, that no such partial redemption
shall reduce the portion of the principal amount of a Registered Security of
such series not redeemed to less than the minimum denomination for a Security of
such series established herein or pursuant hereto.

         The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security
Registrar (if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for
redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial redemption,
the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.

         For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise
requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate,
in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the
portion of the principal of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.

         Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
related Series Authorization of any series, if any Security selected for partial
redemption is converted into Common Stock of the Company or exchanged for other
securities in part before termination of the conversion or exchange right with
respect to the portion of the Security so selected, the converted portion of
such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected for
redemption. Securities which have been converted or exchanged during a selection
of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by the Trustee as Outstanding for
the purpose of such selection.



                                      -69-
<PAGE>

     Section 11.4. Notice of Redemption.

         Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section
1.6, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless
a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to the Holders
of Securities to be redeemed. Failure to give notice by mailing in the manner
herein provided to the Holder of any Registered Securities designated for
redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such
Holder, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of
any other Securities or portion thereof.

         Any notice that is mailed to the Holder of any Registered Securities in
the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly
given, whether or not such Holder receives the notice.

         All notices of redemption shall state:

         (1) the Redemption Date,

         (2) the Redemption Price,

         (3) if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are to be
redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the
principal amount) of the particular Security or Securities to be redeemed,

         (4) in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice
which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the Redemption
Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of such Security will receive,
without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the
principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,

         (5) that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price shall become due
and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, in the
case of a Registered Security, together with any accrued interest and Additional
Amounts pertaining thereto, and that unless the Company shall default in the
payment of the Redemption Price and other amounts then due, interest thereon, if
applicable, shall cease to accrue on and after said date,

         (6) the place or places where such Securities, together (in the case of
Bearer Securities) with all Coupons appertaining thereto, if any, maturing on or
after the Redemption Date, are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption
Price and any accrued interest and Additional Amounts pertaining thereto,

         (7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case,



                                      -70-
<PAGE>

         (8) that, unless otherwise specified in such notice, Bearer Securities
of any series, if any, surrendered for redemption must be accompanied by all
Coupons maturing subsequent to the date fixed for redemption or the amount of
any such missing Coupon or Coupons will be deducted from the Redemption Price,
unless security or indemnity satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee and any
Paying Agent is furnished,

         (9) if Bearer Securities of any series are to be redeemed and no
Registered Securities of such series are to be redeemed, and if such Bearer
Securities may be exchanged for Registered Securities not subject to redemption
on the Redemption Date pursuant to Section 3.5 or otherwise, the last date, as
determined by the Company, on which such exchanges may be made,

         (10) in the case of Securities of any series that are convertible into
Common Stock of the Company or exchangeable for other securities, the conversion
or exchange price or rate, the date or dates on which the right to convert or
exchange the principal of the Securities of such series to be redeemed will
commence or terminate and the place or places where such Securities may be
surrendered for conversion or exchange, and

         (11) the CUSIP number or the Euroclear or the Cedel reference numbers
of such Securities, if any (or any other numbers used by a Depository to
identify such Securities).

         A notice of redemption published as contemplated by Section 1.6 need
not identify particular Registered Securities to be redeemed.

         Notice of redemption of Securities shall be given by the Company or, at
the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the
Company.

     Section 11.5. Deposit of Redemption Price.

         On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit, with
respect to the Securities of any series called for redemption, with the Trustee
or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent,
segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money in
the applicable Currency sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except
if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date, unless otherwise
specified pursuant to Section 3.1 or in the Securities of such series) any
accrued interest on and Additional Amounts with respect thereto, all such
Securities or portions thereof which are to be redeemed on that date.

     Section 11.6. Securities Payable on Redemption Date.

         Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so
to be redeemed shall, become due and payable on the Redemption Date, at the
Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the
Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and any accrued
interest or Additional Amounts) such Securities shall cease to bear interest and
the Coupons for such interest appertaining to any Bearer Securities so to be
redeemed, except to the extent provided below, shall be void. Upon surrender of
any such Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, together with
all Coupons, if any, appertaining thereto maturing after the Redemption Date,
such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together
with any accrued interest and Additional Amounts to the Redemption Date;
provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to the
related Series Authorization and the Coupons, installments of interest on Bearer
Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be
payable only upon presentation and surrender of Coupons for such interest (at an


                                      -71-
<PAGE>

Office or Agency located outside the United States except as otherwise provided
in Section 10.2), and provided, further, that, except as otherwise specified in
or pursuant to the related Series Authorization, installments of interest on
Registered Securities whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption
Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the
Regular Record Dates therefor according to their terms and the provisions of
Section 3.7 and installments of interest on Registered Securities for which the
Redemption Date is after a Regular Record Date and on or before the following
Interest Payment Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one
or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on
the Regular Record Dates therefor according to their terms and the provisions of
Section 3.7.

         If any Bearer Security surrendered for redemption shall not be
accompanied by all appurtenant Coupons maturing after the Redemption Date, such
Security may be paid after deducting from the Redemption Price an amount equal
to the face amount of all such missing Coupons, or the surrender of such missing
Coupon or Coupons may be waived by the Company and the Trustee if there be
furnished to them such security or indemnity as they may require to save each of
them and any Paying Agent harmless. If thereafter the Holder of such Security
shall surrender to the Trustee or any Paying Agent any such missing Coupon in
respect of which a deduction shall have been made from the Redemption Price,
such Holder shall be entitled to receive the amount so deducted; provided,
however, that any interest or Additional Amounts represented by Coupons shall be
payable only upon presentation and surrender of those Coupons at an Office or
Agency for such Security located outside of the United States except as
otherwise provided in Section 10.2.

         If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon
surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium, until paid,
shall bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in
the Security.

     Section 11.7. Securities Redeemed in Part.

         Any Registered Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be
surrendered at any Office or Agency for such Security (with, if the Company or
the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer
in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder
thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing) and the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such
Security without service charge, a new Registered Security or Securities of the
same series, containing identical terms and provisions, of any authorized
denomination as requested by such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to
and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so
surrendered. If a Security in global form is so surrendered, the Company shall
execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the U.S. Depository
or other Depository for such Security in global form as shall be specified in
the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, without service charge, a
new Security in global form in a denomination equal to and in exchange for the
unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security in global form so
surrendered.



                                      -72-
<PAGE>

                                   Article 12

                                  SINKING FUNDS

     Section 12.1. Applicability of Article.

         The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund
for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise permitted or
required in or pursuant to this Indenture or the related Series Authorization.

         The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a "mandatory sinking
fund payment," and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of Securities of such series is herein referred to as an "optional
sinking fund payment". If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series,
the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as
provided in Section 12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the
redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of
Securities of such series and this Indenture.

     Section 12.2. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.

         The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to the Securities of any series to be made pursuant to the
terms of such Securities (1) deliver Outstanding Securities of such series
(other than any of such Securities previously called for redemption or any of
such Securities in respect of which cash shall have been released to the
Company), together in the case of any Bearer Securities of such series with all
unmatured Coupons appertaining thereto, and (2) apply as a credit Securities of
such series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company
pursuant to the terms of such series of Securities or through the application of
permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, provided that such series of Securities have not been previously so
credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the
Trustee at the Redemption Price specified in such Securities for redemption
through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund
payment shall be reduced accordingly. If, as a result of the delivery or credit
of Securities of any series in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section
12.2, the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed in order
to satisfy the remaining sinking fund payment shall be less than $100,000, the
Trustee need not call Securities of such series for redemption, except upon
Company Request, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying
Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided,
however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall at the written request of
the Company from time to time pay over and deliver to the Company any cash
payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the
Company to the Trustee of Securities of that series purchased by the Company
having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment requested to be
released to the Company.



                                      -73-
<PAGE>

     Section 12.3. Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.

         Not less than 75 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
series of Securities, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers'
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund
payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion
thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion
thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of
Securities of that series pursuant to Section 12.2, and the optional amount, if
any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and
will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so credited and not
theretofore delivered. If such Officers' Certificate shall specify an optional
amount to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment,
the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified.
Not less than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee
shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date
in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of the redemption
thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the
manner provided in Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly given, the
redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Section 11.6 and Section 11.7.

                                   Article 13

                       REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS

     Section 13.1. Applicability of Article.

         Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the
Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity shall be repaid in accordance with
the terms of the Securities of such series. The repayment of any principal
amount of Securities pursuant to such option of the Holder to require repayment
of Securities before their Stated Maturity, for purposes of Section 3.9, shall
not operate as a payment, redemption or satisfaction of the Indebtedness
represented by such Securities unless and until the Company, at its option,
shall deliver or surrender the same to the Trustee with a written directive that
such Securities be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in this Section 13.1, in connection with any repayment of Securities, the
Company may arrange for the purchase of any Securities by an agreement with one
or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase such Securities by
paying to the Holders of such Securities on or before the close of business on
the repayment date an amount not less than the repayment price payable by the
Company on repayment of such Securities, and the obligation of the Company to
pay the repayment price of such Securities shall be satisfied and discharged to
the extent such payment is so paid by such purchasers.

                                   Article 14

                        SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES

     Section 14.1. Applicability of Article.

         Whenever this Indenture provides for (i) any action by, or the
determination of any of the rights of, Holders of Securities of any series in
which not all of such Securities are denominated in the same Currency, or (ii)
any distribution to Holders of Securities, in the absence of any provision to
the contrary in the form of Security of any particular series or pursuant to
this Indenture or the related Series Authorization, any amount in respect of any
Security denominated in a Currency other than Dollars shall be treated for any
such action or distribution as that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for
such amount on such reasonable basis of exchange and as of the record date with
respect to Registered Securities of such series (if any) for such action,
determination of rights or distribution (or, if there shall be no applicable
record date, such other date reasonably proximate to the date of such action,
determination of rights or distribution) as the Company may specify in a written
notice to the Trustee.



                                      -74-
<PAGE>

                                   Article 15

                        MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

     Section 15.1. Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called.

         A meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at any
time and from time to time pursuant to this Article to make, give or take any
request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act
provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities
of such series.

     Section 15.2. Call, Notice and Place of Meetings.

         (1) The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities
of any series for any purpose specified in Section 15.1, to be held at such time
and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or, if
Securities of such series have been issued in whole or in part as Bearer
Securities, in London or in such place outside the United States as the Trustee
shall determine. Notice of every meeting of Holders of Securities of any series,
setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the
action proposed to be taken at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner
provided in Section 1.6, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to the
date fixed for the meeting.

         (2) In case at any time the Company (by or pursuant to a Board
Resolution) or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee to call a
meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in
Section 15.1, by written request setting forth in reasonable detail the action
proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed
notice of or made the first publication of the notice of such meeting within 21
days after receipt of such request (whichever shall be required pursuant to
Section 1.6) or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as
provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in
the amount above specified, as the case may be, may determine the time and the
place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York, or, if Securities of
such series are to be issued as Bearer Securities, in London for such meeting
and may call such meeting for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided
in clause (1) of this Section.



                                      -75-
<PAGE>

     Section 15.3. Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings.

         To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any
series, a Person shall be (1) a Holder of one or more Outstanding Securities of
such series, or (2) a Person appointed by an instrument in writing as proxy for
a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such
Holder or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to
speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be the Persons
entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the
Trustee and its counsel and any representatives of the Company and its counsel.

     Section 15.4. Quorum; Action.

         The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for any meeting of
Holders of Securities of such series. In the absence of a quorum within 30
minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if
convened at the request of Holders of Securities of such series, be dissolved.
In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10
days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of
such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any reconvened meeting, such
reconvened meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10
days as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of
such reconvened meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting
shall be given as provided in Section 15.2(1), except that such notice need be
given only once not less than five days prior to the date on which the meeting
is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting
shall state expressly the percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount
of the Outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.

         Except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any resolution
presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is
present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the affirmative vote of the Holders
of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series;
provided, however, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section 9.2, any
resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act which this Indenture expressly provides may
be made, given or taken by the Holders of a specified percentage, which is less
than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series
may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which
a quorum is present as aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such
specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series.

         Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section shall be
binding on all the Holders of Securities of such series and the Coupons
appertaining thereto, whether or not such Holders were present or represented at
the meeting.

     Section 15.5.  Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment
                    of Meetings.

         (1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the Trustee
may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of
Holders of Securities of such series in regard to proof of the holding of


                                      -76-
<PAGE>

Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the
appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of
proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, and such other
matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate.
Except as otherwise permitted or required by any such regulations, the holding
of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.4 and the
appointment of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section 1.4
or by having the signature of the person executing the proxy witnessed or
guaranteed by any trust company, bank or banker authorized by Section 1.4 to
certify to the holding of Bearer Securities. Such regulations may provide that
written instruments appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed
valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section 1.4 or other proof.

         (2) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary
chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the
Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section 15.2(1), in which
case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting,
as the case may be, shall in like manner appoint a temporary chairman. A
permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by
vote of the Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.

         (3) At any meeting, each Holder of a Security of such series or proxy
shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Securities of
such series held or represented by him; provided, however, that no vote shall be
cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not
Outstanding and ruled by the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The
chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder of a
Security of such series or proxy.

         (4) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called
pursuant to Section 15.2 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time
to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the
meeting may be held as so adjourned without further notice.

     Section 15.6. Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings.

         The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be
subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities of such series or of
their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of
the Outstanding Securities of such series held or represented by them. The
permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who
shall count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who
shall make and file with the secretary of the meeting their verified written
reports of all votes cast at the meeting. A record least of the proceedings of
each meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be prepared by the
secretary of the meeting and there shall be attached to said record the original
reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat and
affidavits by one or more persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a
copy of the notice of the meeting and showing that said notice was given as
provided in Section 15.2 and, if applicable, Section 15.4. Each copy shall be


                                      -77-
<PAGE>

signed and verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of
the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company, and another to
the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto
the ballots voted at the meeting. Any record so signed and verified shall be
conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.

                                    * * * * *

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be
duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed, all
as of the day and year first above written.

[SEAL]                           RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD.


Attest:

                                 By:  _________________________________________
                                      Name:
                                      Title:

[SEAL]                           BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, as Trustee


Attest:

                                 By:  _________________________________________
                                      Name:
                                      Title:


                                      -78-