# WHO’S IN DA NGER?
R ace, Poverty, and Chemical D isasters

A DEMOGR A PH I C AN A LYS I S OF C HEM I C A L D I S A S TER VULNER A B I L I TY ZONES

May 2014

E NVI R ONMENTAL JUSTICE AND H EALTH A LLIANCE F O R C HEMICAL POLICY REFO R M

### ii 

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Authors
P aul O rum
R ichard M oore , E nvironmental Justice and H ealth A lliance for C hemical Policy Reform

M ichele R oberts

, E nvironmental Justice and H ealth A lliance for C hemical Policy Reform Joaquín S ánchez

, L os Jar dines I nstitute ( T he G ardens I nstitute)

C ontribut ors
R obin S aha , Ph. D
., S chool of Public and C ommunity H ealth S ciences, U niversity of M ontana
E lizabeth C rowe , C oming C lean
S ean M oulton

, C ent er for E ! ective Government
Yudith N ieto

, T e xas E nvironmental Justice A dv ocacy S ervices
S ofia P lagakis

, C ent er for E ! ective Government Judy R obinson

, C oming C lean
S t eve T a ylor

, C oming C lean

R eviewers
P aul M ohai , Ph. D
., S chool of N atural Resources and E nvironment, U niversity of M ichigan
C hingwen C heng , Ph. D
., S chool of N atural Resources and E nvironment, U niversity of M ichigan
John Deans , Greenpeace
R ick H ind , Greenpeace

R esear ch
P aul O rum

Demographic Analysis
Denise M oore , C ent er for E ! ective Government

Design
David G erratt
, N onprofi 

## t D esign.com

T he findings, c onclusions, and recommendations in this report are those of the authors and sponsoring organizations and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the c ontributors, reviewers, or funders. T he authors and
sponsors ac cept all responsibility for any errors or omissions in this work. 

### T H I S REPORT I S ACOLL A BOR A T IV E PRO D UCT OF THE FOLLO WI NG ORG A N IZA T I ONS:



## T he E nvironmental Justice and H ealth Alliance f or C hemical P olic y R ef orm networks grassroots

or ganizations throughout the country to build

c ollective intelligence and advocate for chemical polic y reforms that protect environmental justice

c ommunities. V isit www.comingcleaninc.org/ programs/environmental-justice.

C oming C lean unites community organizers,scientists, advocates, business leaders, communications specialists, and diverse issue experts in c ollaborative work to transform the chemical and f ossil fuel industries so they are sources of health, economic sustainability, and justice rather than of pollution, disease, and planetary harm. V isit www.comingcleaninc.org.

T he C ent er for E ! ective G overnment works to build an open, accountable government that invests in the common good, protects people and the environment, and advances the national priorities defined by an active, informed citizenry. V isit www.fore ! ectivegov.org.

T HE SPONSOR I NG ORG A N IZA T I ONS W OUL D L I KE TO TH A NK THESE FUN D ERS FOR THE I R GENEROUS SUPPORT OF W ORK REL A TE D TO TH I S REPORT:



### Bauman F ounda tion C edar T r ee F ounda tion CS F und
T he F ine F und
F or d F ounda tion John M erck F und
M arisla F ounda tion
N ew Y ork C ommunity T rus t O pen S ociety F ounda tions Park F ounda tion Rockefeller Brothers F und
S ills F amily F ounda tion

Cover Photo: W hiting, I ndiana © Global C ommunity M onitor Title Page: A nniston, A labama
© C oming C lean

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | iii 

# T A BLE O F CONTENTS

iv Figur es, Tables and Boxes

1 G lossary of Terms and A bbreviations

2 E xecutive S ummary

C H A PTER O N E 

## 4 I ntroduction 4 Back ground on E nvironmental Justice and C hemical S afety 12 S elected E v ents in the H istory of E nvironmental Justice, 1964–2014 

## Community S t ories 14 A laska C ommunity A ction on T o xics, S avoonga, S t. L awrence I sland, A laska 15 T he Jus t T r ansition A lliance 16 West C ounty T o xics C oalition, Richmond, C alifornia 18 M ossville E nvironmental A ction N ow ( MEAN ), M ossville, L ouisiana 20 L os Jar dines I nstitute ( T he G ardens I nstitute), S outh Valle y of A lbuquerque, N ew M exico 22 T e xas E nvironmental Justice A dv ocacy S ervices (t.e.j.a.s.), H ouston, T e xas 2 4 P eople C onc erned A bout C hemical S afety, C harleston, West V ir ginia

C H A PTER T W O 

## 26 D emographic A nalysis of Chemical Facility V ulnerability Zones 2 7 N ational F indings 30 I ndustry S ector F indings

C H A PTER THREE 

## 35 R emo ving Chemical H azards: S olutions for C ompanies and Communities

C H A PTER FOUR 

## 38 C onclusions and R ec ommendations

44 E ndnotes

APPEN D I X A 

## 46 Methodology

APPEN D I X B 

## 49 “ S helter in Place” Timeline Worksheet

APPEN D I X C 

## 50 V ulnerability Zones of 3,433 Chemical Facilities

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# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# F I GURES, TA BLES A N D B OXES

F I GURES


## 9 F igure 1 D istribution of C hemical F acility V ulner ability Zones by S ize
10 F igure 2 N ational M ap of 3,433 C hemical F acilities in T his R eport
1 1 F igure 3 M ap of S ample V ulner ability Zones and F enc eline Zones
2 7 F igure 4 Av erage H ome Value in F enc eline Zones C ompar ed to U

. S

. Av erage 2 7 F igure 5 Av erage H ousehold I ncome in F enc eline Zones C ompar ed to U

. S

. Av erage 28 F igure 6 Black and L atino Populations in F enc eline Zones C ompar ed to the U

. S

. 29 F igure 7 E duca tional A ttainment in F enc eline Zones C ompar ed to the U

. S

. 29 F igure 8 P overty Rate in F enc eline Zones C ompar ed to the U

. S

. 36 F igure 9 R eduction in V ulner ability Zones through S afer A lternatives

T A BLES



## 11 T able 1 C hemical F acilities and V ulner ability Zone Populations by I ndustry S ector
2 7 T able 2 H ousing Value in V ulner ability Zones
2 7 T able 3 H ousehold I ncome in V ulner ability Zones
28 T able 4 Rac e and E thnicity in V ulner ability Zones
28 T able 5 E duca tion L e vels in V ulner ability Zones
29 T able 6 P overty Rates in V ulner ability Zones
30 T able 7 H ousing Values in V ulner ability Zones by I ndustry S ector 31 T able 8 H ousehold I ncomes in V ulner ability Zones by I ndustry S ector 32 T able 9 Rac e and E thnicity in V ulner ability Zones by I ndustry S ector 32 T able 10 E duca tion L e vels in V ulner ability Zones by I ndustry S ector
33 T able 1 1 P overty Rates in V ulner ability Zones by I ndustry S ector
33 T able 12 V ulner ability Zone D istances and Populations by I ndustry S ector 34 T able 13 C omparison of V ulner ability Zones within Tw o I ndustry S ectors 34 T able 14 T op T en C hemicals in T his R eport

B OXES



## 11 Bo x 1 “ V ulner ability Zones” in T his R eport 40 Bo x 2 T he T o xic S ubstances C ontr ol A ct and C hemical S afety

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 1 

# GLOSS A RY OF TERMS A N D A BBRE VIA T I ONS

A C C 

## American Chemistry Council, the largest trade association of basic chemical manufacturers.

F ENCEL I NE ZONE 

## An area designated as one-tenth the distance of the vulnerability zone, in which those a! ected are least likely to be able to escape from a toxic or " ammable chemical emergency, but not representing the outer bounds of potential harm. For example, if the vulnerability zone is a radius of 10 miles around the facility, then the fenceline zone is a radius of one mile around the facility. See Figure 3 on page 11 for a graphic representation of sample vulnerability zones and fenceline zones.

RMP 

## Risk Management Plan, a plan prepared under the chemical accident prevention provisions of the Clean Air Act, section 112(r), and submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by a facility that produces, handles, processes, distributes, or stores more than a threshold amount of certain extremely hazardous substances (77 toxic or 63 " ammable chemicals).

SOCM A 

## Society of Chemical Manufacturers and A#liates, a trade association of batch, custom, and specialty chemical manufacturers.

VULNER A B I L I TY ZONE 

## An estimate made by a facility under EPA’s Risk Management Planning program of the maximum possible area where people could be harmed by a worst-case release of certain toxic or " ammable chemicals. $ e vulnerability zone is a radius (or circle) distance around the facility, for example one mile, %ve miles, or 20 miles in all directions. See Figure 3 on page 11 for a graphic representation of sample vulnerability zones and fenceline zones.

WORST- C A SE S CEN A R I O 

## An estimate made by a facility under EPA’s Risk Management Planning program of the largest potential chemical release from a single vessel or process under conditions that result in the maximum possible a! ected area.

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# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# E XECUT I V E S UMM A R Y 

# M ore than 134 million Americans live in the danger zones around 3,433 facilities in several common industries that store or use highly hazardous chemicals. Millions more people work, play, shop, and worship in these areas. But whoare the people that live daily with the everpresent danger of a chemical disaster?

$ is report is the % rst public accounting of the demographic characteristics of populations within the “vulnerability zones” of entire industry sectors that manufacture chemicals, treat water or wastewater, produce bleach, generate electric power, re % ne petroleum, produce pulp and paper, or otherwise have large numbers of people living in the path of a potential worst-case chemical release. It also shares the stories of some of these communities.

$ e new research presented in this report % nds that

residents of chemical facility vulnerability zones are disproportionately Black (African American) or Latino, have higher rates of poverty than the U.S. as a whole, and have lower housing values, incomes, and education levels than the national average. $ e disproportionate or unequal danger is sharply magni % ed in the “fenceline” areas nearest the facilities.
Almost thirty years ago, the Union Carbide chemical spill in B hopal, India killed thousands of people and drew stark attention to the need for improved chemical facility safety. Unfortunately, no U.S. federal law, regulation, or guidance adopted before or since requires companies to fully assess and substantiate whether the toxic chemicals they use or store are truly necessary—or whether e ! ective and safer alternatives might be used instead. Chemical facilities, many of which endanger thousands of people, continue using highly hazardous chemicals even when safer alternatives are available, e ! ective, and a! ordable.

$ ese policy failures have led to the needless persistence of catastrophic chemical hazards in communities. $ e U.S. experiences several serious toxic chemical releases

every week, including the August, 2012 explosion at the Chevron re % nery in Richmond, CA that sent 15,000 people to hospitals seeking treatment, and the April, 2013 fertilizer storage facility explosion in West, TX that killed 15 people and leveled an entire neighborhood. In a typical year, the U.S. Chemical Safety Board screens more than 250 high consequence chemical incidentsinvolving death, injury, evacuation, or serious environmental or property damage—and these are only the very worst incidents.

K EY FI N DI NGS Our analysis produced striking % ndings about the fenceline zones nearest to the facilities, where residents live closest to hazardous chemicals and with the least time to react in the event of a catastrophic release. I n Louisville, KY, industrial facilities border the Chickasaw Park, an his toric gathering place for the local A frican A merican community that is also contaminated with dioxin from industry emissions.©ElizabethCrowe

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 3 

# t 3FTJEFOUT PG UIF GFODFMJOF [POFT IBWF BWFSBHF home values 33% below the national average. t "WFSBHF IPVTFIPME JODPNFT JO UIF GFODFMJOF [POFT are 22% below the national average. t ɨF QFSDFOUBHF PG #MBDLT JO UIF GFODFMJOF [POFT is 75% greater than for the U.S. as a whole, while the percentage of Latinos in the fenceline zones is 60% greater than for the U.S. as a whole. t ɨF QFSDFOUBHF PG BEVMUT JO UIF GFODFMJOF [POFT XJUI less than a high school degree is 46% greater than for the U.S. as a whole, and the percentage of adultsin the fenceline zones with a college or other postsecondary degree is 27% lower than for the U.S. as a whole.

t ɨF QPWFSUZ SBUF JO UIF GFODFMJOF [POFT JT  higher than for the U.S. as a whole.
Separate analysis of di! erent industry sectors generally con- %rms these %ndings with some regional and other variations.
Fortunately, many existing options can dramatically

reduce these dangers and protect workers and communities. For example, a wastewater plant that switches from chlorine gas to ultraviolet light disinfection removes the danger of a chlorine gas release. A power plant that

replaces highly toxic anhydrous ammonia gas with saferaqueous ammonia dramatically reduces the size of its vulnerability zone. But because federal laws and rules don’t require companies to research safer alternatives or convert even when it’s easily a! ordable, existing solutions are not in use by thousands of facilities.
Simple changes could protect millions of Americans,

reduce costs and liabilities for companies, and modernize chemical facilities and regulations.

TI ME FOR ACT I ON Action to prevent a major chemical disaster is needed

now—workers, communities, businesses, and governments face severe potential costs to life, health, and % nances from chemical hazards that are often unnecessary.Federal policies have missed obvious opportunities to improve safety and security by removing avoidable hazards.

$ is report recommends several policy solutions that

can remove millions of Americans from potential harm in and around hazardous chemical facilities. Some solutions can—and should—be implemented immediately. Others may require more time, but should also be

star ted now and aggressively pursued.

1. M ake information on chemical hazards and alternatives widely available, and ensure that workers, communities, and government at all levels are fully informed and actively engaged in prevention planning. 2. R equire companies that use or store hazardous chemicals to assess and document whether safer chemicals or processes could be used that would

remove hazards and prevent disasters. 3. D evelop accessible national data on alternatives based on companies’ assessments and lessons learned by facilities that have successfully removed chemical hazards. 4. R equire companies to convert to safer alternatives when feasible, and justify in detail any decisions not

to remove major chemical hazards when alternatives

are available, e ! ective, and a! ordable. 5. End government policies that subsidize danger, and ensure that existing patchwork chemical safety and security requirements are complete, comprehensive, up to date, and mutually reinforcing.
For almost 30 years since the Bhopal disaster, chemical facilities, Congress, and a series of Presidential Administra

tions have neglected the potential for toxic disaster that millions of Americans—who are disproportionately Black, Latino, and low income—live with every day. While some companies have adopted safer alternatives, thousands of similar facilities have not.
Enough is enough. It’s time for the federal government, state and local governments, and the industries themselves to implement the most e ! ective strategies that reduce and eliminate avoidable chemical hazards whenever possible, and adopt a comprehensive set of policies to protect

workers and communities.
Waiting for a catastrophe is not acceptable. Communities that already bear the brunt of industrial pollution will also bear the greatest harm from a chemical disaster—making chemical safety and security a central environmental justice issue of our time.

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# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

## CH A PTER ONE 

# I NTRO D UCT I O N 

# M ore than 134 million Americans, and their homes, schools, businesses, parks, and places of worship, live in harm’s way of a toxic chemical release from several basic industries, according to this new analysis of 3,433 facilities that use or store extremely hazardous chemicals. Neighbors of facilities in these industries are disproportionately Black (African American) or Latino, 1 

# have higher rates of poverty than for the U.S. as a whole, and have lower housing values, incomes, and education levels than the national average. $ is report is the % rst to assess the demographic characteristics of populations within the “vulnerability zones” of entire industry sectors that manufacture chemicals,

treat water or wastewater, produce bleach, generate electric power, re % ne petroleum, produce pulp and paper, or otherwise have 100,000 or more people living in the path of a potential worst-case chemical release. 2 

# $ ese zones— which are delineated and reported by the companiesthemselves—are the areas around facilities, sometimes extending for many miles, in which people can be seriously



# B ackground on E nvironmental Justice and C hemical S afety a 

# P eople and organizations who live and work in the shadow of chemical and fossil fuels facilities have been concerned about their toxic outputs since long before the term “environmental racism” was coined. But once data began to be collected proving the connection between where these facilities were located and the demogr aphics of the surrounding communities (including the 1987 report Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States ) groups concerned about these environmentalhealth hazards began creating a more coordinated, grassroots movement to prevent harm to disenfranchised areas. T he F irst N ational People of C olor L eadership S ummit, held in 1991, helped advance this process and expand the emer ging movement into issues beyond the location of hazar dous facilities.

T hen in 1994, with little mo vement in C ongr ess toward

r eforms that would protect disproportionately impacted communities, President Bill C linton responded to the outcry for action and issued E xecutive O rder 12898 to address E nvironmental Justice in M inority and L o w- I ncome Populations. U nder this O rder, government agencies are required to consider and assess potential disproportionate impacts of activities on low-income and minority communities bef ore the activity takes place. C ommunity en vironmental justice and advocacy groups were able to use the E xecutive 

# T H I S REPORT I S THE F I RST 

# to assess the demographic characteristics of populations within the “vulnerability zones” of entire industry sectors that manufacture chemicals, treat water or wastewater, produce bleach, generate electric power, re % ne petroleum, produce pulp and paper , or otherwise have 100,000 or more people living in the path of a potential worst-case chemical release.

a T his brief summary includes select ed environmental justice events that are most relevant to the information contained in this report. F or a mor e complete history and timeline of the E J movement, we recommend Robert Bullard, Ph. D , et al, Environmental Justice Milestones and A ccomplishments: 1964–2014 (Barbara Jordan- M ickey L eland S chool of Public A ! airs, T e xas S outhern U niversity, F ebruary 20 14),

a vailable at http://www.tsu.edu/academics/colleges__schools/publica ! airs/files/pdf/EJMILESTONES2014.pdf.



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# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 5 

# hurt or killed by the sudden release of toxic or " ammable chemicals.
Our analysis uses data reported to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Risk Management Plans(RMPs) by facilities that produce, handle, process, distribute, or store certain extremely hazardous substances. $ e plans include companies’ own assessments of a potential worst-case release of speci % c toxic gases or " ammable chemicals. $ ese RMP assessments identify vulnerability zones that are intended to inform people in nearby homes, schools, and businesses that they are within range of a potentially deadly chemical release and to encourage preventive action by industry. Although each facility uses only one chemical to prepare a worst-case release scenario, many facilities store or use several other hazardous chemicals as well.

$ e vulnerability zones examined in this report vary widely in scope, ranging from a radius of 0.01 to 25 miles. But their potential magnitude can be understood in view of one of the world’s worst industrial disasters—the Union Carbide Company’s pesticide factory tragedy in Bhopal, India. $ ousands of people died near the Bhopal factoryin December 1984 and many thousands more were permanently injured by toxic gases that leaked at night into the surrounding community. $ ough decades have sincepassed, comparable hazards remain across America virtually unchecked, as people live and work next to hazardous chemical facilities with minimal government oversight and little community awareness. In many cases, local police, % re % ghters, and government o # cials are not aware of the speci % c chemical hazards in their community and the potential for disaster—or the safer options that can help make communities more secure.
While Bhopal-scale chemical catastrophes are thankfully rare, chemical % res and spills are remarkably common. I n a typical year, the U.S. Chemical Safety Board screensmore than 250 high consequence chemical incidents involving death, injury, evacuation, or serious environmental or property damage. 3

# Chemical incidents in recent years have killed workers, % rst responders, and nearby residents, and destroyed homes, businesses, and schools. On April 17, 2013, an explosion in West, TX leveled an entire neighborhood. On August 6, 2012, a % re and explosion at the Chevron re % nery in Richmond, CA sent 15,000 people to hospitals seeking treatment. 4

# Other chemical

release incidents in recent years include Big Spring TX; Paulsboro, NJ; Danvers, MA; Rosedale, MD; Delaware City, DE.; Mossville, LA; and Charleston, WV; among others. $ e United States has fortunately avoided in recent years a chemical disaster of the scale that occurred in Texas City in 1947, when a ship laden with ammonium nitrate exploded killing at least 581 people.

O rder as a tool to expose the ongoing human rights viola tions of people of color and low-income people living in environments contaminated with toxic chemicals.

H owever, because the E xecutive O rder carried no legalmandates and because there has since been no meaningful federal chemical policy reform (and few significant state reforms), the toxic contamination and disproportionate impacts have continued. C ommunity leaders and other

en vironmental health advocates began to conceptualize

a mor e comprehensive reform solution to protect fenceline communities, workers, and people exposed to chemicals from industrial facilities, fossil fuel operations, and products purchased and used each day. I n 2004, members of a

na tionwide collaborative environmental health and justice network, known as C oming C lean, put these concepts to paper in a document called the L ouis ville C harter for S afer C hemicals. T he C harter was named at a meeting held in L ouis ville, Kentucky, at which the C harter was finalized.

C O N T INUED ON NEX T P A G E 

### Flaring oil refineries in Port A rthur, T Xare an all-too-common sight f or local residents.©Hilton Kelly,CIDA



### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 5

### 6

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

### T he name honors the s truggles of the largely A frican A merican “Rubbertown” community in West L ouis ville, where industrial facilities released 11 millions of pounds per year of toxic air emissions and where numerous chemical disasters have taken place. S eventy-four diverse organizations endorsed the C harter as a common platform for chemical safety policies based on health and justice. b 

### H undreds of groups and networks have used the L ouis ville C harter as a measuring stick against which local, state and federal policies can be compared to the health and safety needs of all communities.

C ommunities fr om each of the ten E nvironmental Protection A genc y ( E PA ) Regions led discussions about the C harter among hundreds of people and dozens of organizations over the next two years, as a way to share and harmonize local and national priorities to lift all communities out of environmental injustice. I n 2006, in an e ! ort to raise the profile of the need for comprehensive chemical policy

r eforms, groups carried out a national event called “ E J F or ALL ,” a three-bus, 40-stop tour of communities disproportionately impacted by toxic pollution and hazards. c 

### T he T our plac ed the environmental exploitation of lowincome people and people of color by polluting industries before the public and on the notice of F eder al agencies and E PARegional O " ces.

T he northeas tern and southern legs of the T our c onverged in Washington, DC , while the western leg concluded in L os A ngeles. While traveling together and visiting each other, far-flung groups shared similar stories of sickness and chronic conditions caused by toxic exposures in their

c ommunities. M any who traveled and gathered were stricken with various forms of cancer and heart disease, asthma, learning disabilities, childhood leukemia, and neurological illnesses. T he y also represented the many others, young 

## C HEM I C A L FA C I L I T I ES A N D E N VI RONMENT A L JUST I CE 

# In 1987, a landmark national study, Toxic Wastes and Race in the U nited States, helped document a national patternthat many people knew anecdotally from daily life: industrial and environmental hazards are concentrated in poorer areas and areas with more people of color. Toxic Wastes and R ace helped catalyze a national movement—known as the environmental justice movement—by making visible the adverse environmental and health impacts to workers and vulnerable communities living near the fencelines of chemical facilities. $ is movement asserts that equal protection and a healthy environment are basic human rights, and promotes precaution and prevention by design as a primary strategy to achieve health and justice for all.
Subsequent research has con % rmed the core % ndings from 1987. Two decades later the report Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty 1987–2007 replicated the 1987 study using newer data and analytical methods, and found that peopleof color and poor people are even more heavily concentrated around hazardous waste facilities than the 1987 and other earlier studies found. 5

# In addition, dozens of otherquantitative studies have documented inequitable distribution of environmental hazards, such as chemical plants,

re % neries, incinerators, power plants, waste facilities, and other polluting industries. 6 

# $ ese studies have consistently found people of color and low-income communities are disproportionately a! ected; they endure an unfair share of adverse impacts to air and water quality, human health, property values and the local economy.
Now, this report—Who’s in Danger? Race, Poverty and Chemical Disasters —presents new evidence that the dangers associated with large quantities of toxic and " ammable industrial chemicals are unequally distributed. $ is new

research presents troubling % ndings about housing values, household incomes, race and ethnicity, education levels, and poverty rates of people who live within range of chemical % res and spills from 3,433 industrial facilities, and especially of people who live closest to the facilities. (See Appendix C for a listing of the facilities and their vulnerability zones.)

C URRENT O PPORTUN I T I ES


# Over the years, many initiatives have sought to address the avoidable chemical hazards that exist unchecked in many communities. In 1994, the same year that President Clinton signed his Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to A

ddress Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, scores of public interest organizations urged the EP A to make the systematic search for safer solutions part of risk management planning rules. Unfortunately, the agency took public comment but did not act. Every session of Congress since 1999 has considered

b “ E ndorsers of the L ouis ville C harter for S afer C hemicals,” accessed A pril 20, 2014, http://www.louisvillecharter.org/endorsements.shtml.

cArecord of the T our , including photos, video, and profiles, can be found at http://www.ej4all.org.



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# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 7 

### and old, who had already died from toxic conditions

a t home and could not join them.

T he T our helped galv anize interest not only in revising f ederal laws to reduce chemical hazards that could resultin a toxic release or explosion, but even more so in reforming the T o xic S ubstances C ontr ol A ct ( TSCA ), a law enactedin 1976 that was supposed to protect people from everyday toxic chemical exposures. H owever, since 1976 only a handful of chemicals ha ve been fully examined for health and safety impacts under TSCA , and only five have ever been restricted. F eder al bills to revise TSCAhave variously included elements of meaningful reform and reduction of hazar ds from toxic chemicals, but also proposals adv ocated by the chemical industry to weaken TSCA

e ven further. d 

# chemical safety and security legislation that would give structure and priority to preventing chemical incidents. Y

et most workers and residents endangered by the most hazardous chemical facilities are still awaiting solutions beyond more security guards and fences.
In 2002, Homeland Security and the EPA prepared policy options that included reducing chemical inventories, substituting materials, or otherwise modifying processes to avoid chemical hazards, but the Bush White House blocked the proposal. 7

# Starting in 2006, then-Senator Obama cosponsored legislation and spoke of using safer technologyto make communities safer and chemical plants less attractive targets for terrorists. 8

# In 2009, with the support of the O bama administration, the House of Representatives passed a comprehensive chemical security bill to make

removing unnecessary chemical targets a core tenet of chemical security. 9

# Unfortunately, the bill stalled in the Senate. Federal agencies including the Government Accountability O # ce and Chemical Safety Board have called out opportunities to incorporate prevention through design into federal chemical regulations. 10,11



# In March 2012, the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council (NEJAC) recommended that the EPA use its existing authority under the Clean Air Act to reduce or eliminate catastrophic chemical hazards wherever feasible. On August 1, 2013, in response to the devastating fertilizer plant explosion at West, TX, as well as to years of organizing, President Obama signed Executive Order 13650, Improving Chemical Facility Safety and Security. $ is Executive Order sets forth a process with deadlines for improving and modernizing chemical safety and security regulations. After months of public input, the federal agencies charged with carrying out the Executive Order are now considering various measures to improve chemical safety and security, including new prevention requirements

M O M E N T U M F O R R E F O R M 

# has continued to grow among grassroots community groups and policy advocacy networks all over the U.S., who have spoken out as constituents to their own legislators and collectively to the Administration—the White House,
EPA and other agencies—for meaningful action to reduce chemical hazards and exposures. C O N T INUED ON NEX T P A G E

d Bills ha ve included the Kid- S afe C hemicals A ct (2008), the S afe C hemicals A ct (20 10–2013), the C hemical S afety I mprovement A ct (20 13), and the C hemicals in C ommer ce A ct (20 14). 

### Members of the E nvironmental Justice and H ealth A lliance
a t the February 2014 E P A N ational E nvironmental Justice A dvisory C ouncil meeting in D enver, C O

.© Juan Parras



### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 7

### 8

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

### M omentum for reform has continued to grow among
gr assroots community groups and policy advocacy networks all over the U

. S ., who have spoken out as constituents to their own legislators and collectively to the A dminis tration—the White H ouse, E PAand other agencies—for meaningful action to reduce chemical hazards and exposures. T hese E J messengers come from groups in more than 12 states—primarily states with weak policies and regulations, where fossil fuel extraction often takes place, or where major oil, gas and chemical f acilities are located. S ome E J groups are near military bases and harmed by military toxics. O thers are farmworkers, or farmer and rancher networks whose livelihoods are threatened by toxic releases to land and water from chemical facilities or extractive indus tries. T ogether , these groups, working together as the E nvironmental Justice and H ealth A lliance for C hemical Policy Reform ( E J HA ), seek to further the work established by the environmental justice movement, the Just Tr ansition A lliance, and groups working locally to strengthen their communities and secure long-lasting reforms and practical solutions. 

# for safer chemicals and processes that could be implemented using existing authorities.

S COPE OF AN A LYS I S 

# $ e Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require industrial facilities that make, distribute, or use large amounts of cer tain extremely hazardous chemicals to prepare Risk Management Plans (RMP) and submit the plans to the U.S. EPA. 12 

# $ e plans are intended to save lives, protect property, and prevent pollution. Some 12,600 facilities currently submit RMPs. 13



# $ e RMPs include companies’ own assessments of a worst-case chemical emergency, including the distance from the facility where toxic or " ammable chemicals could cause serious harm if released. Areas within these distances —called “vulnerability zones”—extend from 0.01 to 25 miles from the facility depending on the amount and characteristics of the chemical stored or used at the facilitythat poses the greatest danger to the surrounding community. 14

# Company chemical release scenarios are intended to inform people in the circular vulnerability zones around the facilities that they are within range of potential harm and to encourage preventive action by industry.
Figure 1 shows the size distribution of the 3,433 vulnerabil

ity zones used this report, by the distance range around the chemical facilities. Of the distance ranges shown, the largest number of facilities (1,172 or 34%) have vulnerability zones that range in distance from 1.01 to 2.50 miles around the chemical facilities, and a large majority of facilities (82% or 2,813) have vulnerability zones within %ve miles of their respective chemical facilities. Some 18% of facilities, or 620, have vulnerability zones greater than %vemiles. Only 5% of facilities, or 168, have RMP vulnerability zone distances that are greater than 20 miles in radius.

$ e RMP vulnerability zone distances provide the basis for the demographic analysis in this report. In order to obtain each facility ’s vulnerability zone distance, we % rst had to research RMP information at federal reading rooms. We limited our analysis to a complete review of RMP facilities in several basic industries: water treatment; wastewater treatment; bleach manufacturing; electric power generation; petroleum re % ning; pulp and paper production; and chemical manufacturing. We added RMP facilities not already included that have 100,000

or more people residing in their self-reported vulnerability zones, in order to include facilities that pose chemical safety risks to the largest populations.

F ollowing an established method, we used Geographic I nformation Systems (GIS) software and the most recentU.S. Census Bureau population data to estimate residential populations within the vulnerability zone distances. (See Appendix A for a discussion of the methods.)

T hese en vironmental justice groups advance a vision for change that includes an energy and chemical system that makes proven safe alternatives a priority; a movement for change in the manufacturing, production, and movementof goods in this country; and a movement for local farming that is just and provides all people and the land with the right to health and life. E J HA’ s work adheres to the Principles of E n vironmental Justice, the Jemez Principles for D emocratic O rganizing, and the L ouis ville C harter for S afer C hemicals as a platform for chemical policy reforms.

T hese initia tives are challenging all levels of government t o be accountable and provide the transparency necessary to address the inter-related issues that keep environmental justice communities exploited.

T

o tha t end, the critical issue of chemical safety and security needed to be addressed. M any community organizations had for decades been concerned with acute exposures and deaths as a result of leaks, spills and explosions at chemical facilities. F ollo wing the S eptember 11, 2001 attacks in N ew

8

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 9 

# treatment, chemical manufacturing, and wastewater

treatment sectors have the greatest number of these RMP facilities, 1,284, 778, and 686, respectively. Of the various industry sectors examined, the chemical and bleach manufacturing sectors have the largest

Y

ork C ity, Pennsylvania, and the Pentagon near Washington, DC , chemical security risks from terrorism gained the attention of legislators, but still no policies that focused on prevention of chemical hazards were adopted. E J, labor, health, environmental, and advocacy organizations that had been working for some time to prevent toxic chemical releases banded together in 2011 to form the C oalition t o Prevent C hemical D isasters.

S ince then, community members have testified repeatedly in public meetings to the E PA , as well as local and state agencies, to address ongoing legacy contamination issues and for more e ! ective chemical disaster prevention policies based on the use of safer design wherever feasible. E J groups and allies urged President O bama and the N ational E nvironmental Justice A dvisory C ouncil ( NE J A C ) to move the U

. S

. E PAto use existing authority under the C lean A ir A ct t o require disaster prevention at chemical facilities. I n A ugus t 2013, President O bama issued an E xecutive O rder on C hemical F acility S afety and S ecurity—a welcome action, but one that community groups know will require 

# Altogether, 134 million U.S. residents live within the vulnerability zones of one or more of the 3,433 facilitiesstudied in this report. Table 1 shows the populations residing in facility vulnerability zones by industry sector and the number of these RMP facilities in each sector. Water

ongoing pressure to result in meaningful reform and health pr otections.

Behind the petitions and beyond the statistics are the stories that news outlets rarely report, including how local agencies are made aware of hazards at nearby industrial operations and yet do not respond until after disasters happen. N ews accounts often ignore the lies communities are told about how safe facilities are or how many jobs

w ill come to residents when polluting industries move

or e xpand near their homes and schools. We don’t often hear about the lack of existing infrastructure (sewer, water, drainage, and fire hydrants) to support safe operations, or the absence of knowledge, protocols and trained sta !and community members in the event of a chemical release or explosion. Given how many people in A merica live daily in the shadow of extremely dangerous chemical facilities— more than 134 million as documented by this report—it is shocking how little we know about these people and their experience. T his r eport sheds light on who lives in these chemical disaster zones and tells some of their stories. F I GURE 1 

## D istribution of 3,433 Facility Vulnerability Zones by S ize (distance ranges around chemical facilities in miles)

1,200
1,100
1,000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

) 0.50 0 .51–1.00 1. 01–2.50 2.51–5. 00 5. 01–10.00 10 .01–15.00 15. 01–20.00 20.01–25.00+ M ilesFrequency (number of facilities)



### 357 472 1172

812

210 171 71 168

WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# | 9

### 12

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# S ELECTE D E V ENTS I N THE H I S T O R Y OF EN V I RONMENT A L JUST I CE, 1964–2014

1964 1965 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

1964— U.S. Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibiting the use of federal funds to discriminate based on race, color, and national origin.

1965— U.S. Congress passes the Voting Rights Actof 1965. 1984— Catastrophic toxic gas leak at Union Carbide pesticide manufacturing facility in Bhopal, India . Government confirms 558,125 injuries and 3,787 deaths. NGOs estimate 8,000 immediate deaths and 8,000 subsequent deaths resulting from e !ects of gas exposure. 1987— United Church of Christ (UCC) Commission for Racial Justice issues the famous **Toxic Wastes and Race in the United**  **States** report, the first national study to document a relationship between waste facility siting and race. 1990— Clean Air Act Amendmentspassed by U.S. Congress, establishing the Risk Management Plan (RMP) program, the independent Chemical Safety Board, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) authority to establish design and operational requirements to prevent toxic chemical releases.

1991 — First National People of Color Leadership Summitconvenes in Washington, DC, leading to the Principles of Environmental Justice. 1993— EPA establishes the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council (NEJAC). 1994— President Clinton signs Executive Order 12898 : “Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations.”

1994— Federal Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice established. 1994— United Church of Christ issues **Toxic Wastes and Race Revisited**  , which strengthens the association between race and siting of waste facilities. 1997— Just Transition Allianceis formed by labor unions and environmental justice organizations to support healthy workplaces and communities through transition to clean production and sustainable economies.

1997— President Clinton issues Executive Order 13045 : “Protection of Children from Environmental Health and Safety Risks.”

1998— TheChemical Safety Board , authorized by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, becomes operational, charged with investigating chemical “accidents” and recommending safety improvements. 

# T HE P A TH T O W A R D S A FETY A N D
J UST I C E 

# is for government and industry to take precautionary steps that include a! ordable, common sense measures. Precautionary measures would

reduce and eliminate unnecessary hazards, improve oversight of the facilities, and produce better engagement of communities living near these facilities and the workers who sta! them.

12

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 13 

## 2014— Grassroots groups, advocacy organizations and government agencies celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Executive Order on Environmental Justice

. 

## 1964 1965 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2001 — Coming Clean Collaborative formed at founding meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana.

2001 — The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants names an initial set of toxic chemicals to be banned worldwide. Native American and Native Alaskancommunities and organizations successfully advocate for inclusion of language in the Convention preamble on the disproportionate impacts of chemicals on Indigenous peoples. 2002— Fenceline Action Workgroupof Coming Clean formed to provide direct support to community environmental justice groups and include them in the network.

2002— Coming Clean’s Chemical Industry Workgroupdevelops a policy platform to maintain chemical plant security through “inherent safety” by replacing hazardous chemicals with safer ones, and reducing or eliminating on-site storage and handling.

2002— Second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summitconvenes in Washington, DC, attracting more than 1,400 attendees.

2004— Coming Clean ratifies the Louisville Charter for Safer Chemicals : A Platform for Creating a Safe and Healthy Environment through Innovation at a general strategy meeting in Louisville, Kentucky. 2005— Dozens of public health, labor and environmental groups publicly endorse the Louisville Charter as a road map for policies to protect all communities based on principles of health and justice. 2006— Indigenous Environmental Network Meeting in Bemidji, Minnesota adopts Bemidji Statement on Seventh Generation Stewardship

.

2006 — Coming Clean’s Fenceline Action Workgroupsponsors the national 40-stop Environmental Justice for All Tour, culminating in actions in DC and Los Angeles. 2007— The UCC releases **Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty**  , which updates and confirms the findings of the original report.

2009— Fenceline Action Workgroup co-hosts the Environmental Justice Dialogue on Chemical Policyin Atlanta among 30 organizers interested in developing the relationship between EJ and chemical policy campaigns. 2010— Fenceline Action Workgroup co-hosts an Environmental Justice and Chemical Policy Dialoguein Washington, DC. Twenty-seven environmental justicegroups in attendance form the Environmental Justice and Health Alliance for Chemical Policy Reform to undertake collective strategies that promote chemical policy reforms that protect environmental justice communities.

2011 — Coalition to Prevent Chemical Disasters is formed by 100 diverse organizations committed to preventing chemical disasters before they happen and demanding federal action now to protect workers and fenceline communities. 2012— NEJAC supports grassroots and labor groupsin asking EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson to use the Agency’s authority under the Clean Air Act to require chemical companies to prevent chemical disasters at their facilities.

2013— President Obama announces Executive Order 13650 : Improving Chemical Facility Safety and Security, which directs federal agencies to develop recommendations for policy changes, best practices, information sharing, and federal, state, and tribal coordination. 2013–2014— Hundreds of community members turn out for federal Listening Sessionson EO 13650 in Texas, California, New Jersey and elsewhere to share testimonies about chemical hazards in their communities and call for decisive action to prevent disasters.

WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 13

### 14

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# F acilities that use and store hazardous chemicals don’t only endanger people who live nearby. C hemicals that are released can travel long distances and build up in the environment and food over decades. A nd facilities often leave toxic chemicals behind when they close, further contaminating people and the en vironment.

A laska N ative peoples experience fenceline impacts from hundreds of contaminated former military and industrial sites in their own backyards, and are also connected to communities in states in the “lower 48” working for chemical security. O n A laska’s small S t. L awrence I sland in the northern Bering S ea, Yupik communities are su ! ering health hazards linked t o chemical releases both from contaminated sites on the island and from thousands of miles away.

“ I ndigenous A rctic peoples are among the most highly exposed people on earth to toxic chemicals, because these chemicals— DDT , P C Bs, brominated flame retardants, and perfluorinated compounds, to name a few—are persistent, and drift hundreds andthousands of miles north on wind and ocean currents from more southern latitudes where they are manufactured, stored, and used,” stated V i Waghiyi,

a Yupik mother and gr andmother, N ative V illage of S avoonga, S t. L awrence I sland, A laska, and E nvironmental H ealth and Justice Program D irector, A laska C ommunity A ction on T o xics ( ACAT ). “ T hese chemi

cals contaminate our traditional foods and a ! ect our health and the health of our children.”

T i ! any I mmingan, a 20-year-old Yupik w oman from the village of S avoonga, S t. L awrence I sland said:

“A s a result of these daily exposures to toxic chemicals, those of us who live in remote places like A laska and the A rctic have some of the highest levels of toxic chemicals in our own bodies. T hese chemicals ha ve been linked to serious diseases such as cancer, diabetes, learning disabilities, birth defects and

r eproductive harm. O ur toxic chemicals laws are badly broken. C ommunities lik e mine are working 

# T HE S TRUGGLE FOR A TOX I C-FREE C OMMUN I TY 

# Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Savoonga, St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
http://www.akaction.org

“ O UR TOX I C CHEM I C A LS L AW S 

# are badly broken. Chemical companies

are not required to show that the chemicals they use to make the products we buy

are safe for human health and the environment.”

T I F F A N Y IMM INGAN 20-year-old Yupik w oman from the village of S avoonga, S t. L awrence I sland



### on reform for safer chemical laws that protect our human health. E v eryone who truly cares about the health of A laskans must voice their support for stronger toxic chemicals laws. We want chemical policy

r eform, but we want to ensure that it is done right.” Ti !any I mmingan (right) conducting water testing for chemicals, S nake R iver, N ome, A K.©SamarysSeguinot-Medina

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 15 

# What is a Just T ransition? 

# A “Just T r ansition” is a principle, a process and
a pr actice. T he principle of a Jus t T r ansition is that a healthy economy for everyone and a clean environment can co-exist. T he pr ocess for achieving a Just T r ansition should be a fair one that does not cost workers or community residents their health, environment, jobs, or economic assets. A ny losses that occur should be fairly and justly compensated. T he pr actice of a Just T r ansition means that people and the environment that are a ! ected by pollution and economic restructuring – the frontline workers, the community and the environment – must all be prioritized and that workers along with community residents must lead the crafting of solutions.

“People of color, I ndigenous communities and lowincome neighborhoods continue to be the canaries in the coal mine, in harm’s way from exposure to toxic chemical production, storage, incineration, and use, and from hazardous waste disposal,” says Jose T. Br avo, E xecutive D irector of the Just T r ansition A lliance in S an D iego, CA

. 

# T HE S TRUGGLE FOR A TOX I C-FREE C OMMUN I TY 

# $ e Just Transition Alliance
http://www.jtalliance.org

“WE MUST MO V E TO W A R D 

# engineering the danger out of chemicals and processes that expose workers at the frontline of production, and the communities at the fenceline of exposure.”

JOSE T. BRA V O

E xecutive D irector of the Just T r ansition A lliance
in S an D iego, CA Jose Bravo of the Just Transition A lliance explains the need to protect workers and communities from toxic chemicals outside the f ederal Listening S ession on chemical facility security in Los A ngeles, C A , January 2014.



### “We must move toward engineering the danger out of chemicals and pr ocesses that expose workers at the fr ontline of production, and the communities at the fenceline of exposure. We must also strive to change zoning so that sensitive areas are kept out of harm’s way, especially those living with the disproportionate legacy of toxics. AJust T r ansition to a sustainable future must include: a cradle to cradle approach that protects everyone and everything at all the stages. I t’s imperative that chemical security reforms include a Just T r ansition towards a healthier, safer and sustainable future for all.”©AnaMascareñas

### 16

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# O n A ugus t 6, 2012, a release of flammable vapor led to a fire at the C hevron Refinery in Richmond, C alifornia. T he smok e and toxic fallout caused more than 15,000

r esidents to seek treatment at area hospitals with respiratory problems. a 

### Richmond is filled with heavy industry and petrochemical containers, and crisscrossed by train tr acks. A bout 80 percent of people living within a mile of the C hevron refinery are people of color, and a quart er of them live below the poverty line.

M any residents insist that the 2012 release is emblematic of a willful negligence that dates back decades, at the

e xpense of the low-income communities and communities of c olor who can’t a ! ord to leave the area. T he r efinery was in “high priority violation” of federal rules on toxic air emissions for several years up through 2010. b 

### T he indepen

dent U

. S

. C hemical S afety Board concluded that C hevron ignored warnings from its employees about the danger posed by corroded pipes. c 

### T he pipe tha t failed in A ugus t 2012 had lost 90 percent of its original thickness. d 

### I n D ecember 20 13, the U

. S

. E PAthreatened C hevron with daily fines because the c ompany had failed to address 62 violations identified since the fire. E PAalso found 13 instances when C hevron failed to report toxic air releases promptly. e



### “ N ot only do we have to be exposed to chemical fumes da y and night, but we also get contaminated when these explosions happen. T he y are not ‘accidents,’ they are
pr eventable, and we demand protection now,” said D r. H enry C lark, director of the West C ounty T o xics C oalition, a multi-r acial environmental justice organization that 

# T HE S TRUGGLE FOR A TOX I C-FREE C OMMUN I TY 

# West County Toxics Coalition, Richmond, CA
http://www.dhventures.com/West_home.htm

“ N OT ONLY D O W E H AV E TO BE 

# exposed to chemical fumes day and night, but we also get contaminated when these explosions happen. $ ey are not ‘accidents,’ they are preventable, and we demand protection now.”

D R. H ENR Y C L A R K

D irector of the West C ounty T o xics C oalition



### works to empower low and moderate income residents to exercise greater control over environmental problems. “We applaud any sincere e ! orts by C hevron or anyone else that wants to do the right thing. But that doesn’t mean that we give C hevron a blanket approval to continue to increase the pollution.”

a http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/EPA-cites-62-Richmondviolations-by-Chevron-5072914.php b http://articles.latimes.com/2012/aug/14/opinion/la-oe-0814-juhaszchevron-refinery-pollution-20120814

c http:/ /www.contracostatimes.com/west-county-times/ci_24734895/ federal-report-calls-sweeping-reforms-aftermath-chevron-richmond d http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/EPA-cites-62-Richmondviolations-by-Chevron-5072914.php

e I bid. 

### Toxic smoke released during the Chevron refinery fire in R ichmond, C A , A ugus t 2012.© Jonas Bengtsson/CreativeCommons



### Part of the Chevron refinery in R ichmond, C A

.©NickFisher/CreativeCommons

### 18

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# “ T HERE I S NO PL A CE OR 

# person in Mossville that has not been harmed by the toxic chemicals spewed out by all of the industrial facilities. Instead of our government helping our community to become healthy, we see our government helping the industries to release more and more pollution.”

E DGAR MOU T O N 

# T HE S TRUGGLE FOR A TOX I C-FREE C OMMUN I TY 

# Mossville Environmental Action Now (MEAN), Mossville, Louisiana
http://meannow.wordpress.com 

# I n the historic A frican A merican community of M ossville,

L ouisiana, 14 t oxic industrial facilities spew millions of pounds of pollution into the area annually and their operations dissect the 5.5 square mile community throughout with pipelines,

r ailroad tracks and tanker cars. A n area that used to boast some of the riches t biodiversity in all of L ouisiana is no w among the s tate’s most toxic and dangerous places.

I n D ecember 2013, M ossville resident and grandmother D orothy F elix hear d an explosion at the A xial chemical production facility and saw a huge black cloud hovering near the local school. T he school w as told to shelter the children in place—but there were no alarms in the community to advise the residents. M eanwhile, the highway was shut down due to the explosion, preventing anxious f amily members from collecting their children from the school. T he incident w as responsible for more than a dozen members of the community going to the hospital. Because M ossville residents have been living for decades under these

c onditions—massive industrial operations, no alarms, shelter in place protocols, undrinkable water, and contaminated fish and farming soil from industrial contaminants—a majority of the popula tion now consists of children and elderly people dispr oportionately sick and dying.

M ossville E nvironmental A ction N ow ( MEAN ) is one of the grassroots environmental justice groups that are demanding that government and industry be accountable for the destruction caused by the chemical industry in their communities. T he E J HAhas worked alongside MEAN to advocate for federal standards and regulations of the chemical industry that protect the lives of the people of M ossville. I n 2013, M ossville residents and members of MEAN began a residential relocation process with global

ener gy and chemical giant S asol due to the dangers and chemical hazards of S asol operations in M ossville. M ore “relocations” or f orced migrations are expected in other communities due to concentrated chemical contamination and chronic illnesses among fenceline residents.

“We were here before these plants came and we were here because this was an A fr o- A merican community and we didn’t have anywhere that we could go. We had to go somewhere where we felt safe and away from all the racial problems that were going

on. T his w as the place for us. N ow they’re forcing us to leave.” D orothy F elix, M ossville E nvironmental A ction N ow ( MEAN ). E dgar Mout on (right) fought to protect the health and environment of himself and other residents of Mos sville, L A , until his death in June 2012.©Southwest WorkersUnion

### 20

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# C ommunity organizing to demand safer alternatives has successfully reduced and removed chemical hazards. F or y ears, residents and members of the S outhwest N etwork for E nvironmental and E c onomic Justice and L os Jar dines I nstitute ( T he G ardens I nstitute) have organized to address the water contamination and toxic smells coming from the S outhside Water Reclamation Plant’s use of chlorine gas t o treat wastewater. “We have known for decades the unidentifiable sicknesses and cancers in our community were the result of the many chemicals we were being exposed t o, including exposure to chlorine from the wastewater treatment plant,” says Richard M oore, former D irector of t he S o uthwest N etwork for E nvironmental and E c onomic Jus tice, and C oor dinator of L os Jar dines I nstitute. M oore goes on to say, “We knocked on the doors of people living in the community to build the community power needed t o pressure the government to take action.”

T he M ountain V ie w community is home to a sewage treatment plant that serves the city of A lbuquerque. “A pproximately 4,300 M ountain V ie w residents live across 8,400acres and the homes are mingled with more than 25 junkyards, five gravel and concrete companies, seven petroleumbulk terminals, a brick company, and dozens of other industries, many surrounded by razor wire. S eventy-eight percent of the people in M ountain V ie w are C hicano/ M exicano and more than half speak S panish as their primary language. N early 40 percent of the families with children are so poor that they would have to triple their income to climb above the federal poverty line,” says M agdalena Avila, D r.P. H
., r esident of the M ountain V ie w community and A ssociate Professor at the U niversity of N ew M exico.

With 160,000 people at risk from the bulk use and storage of chlorine, an accident involving this chemical could pot entially impact an area up to 5.40 miles downwind of the plant. C ommunity adv ocates brought this issue to the attention of the E nvironmental Protection A genc y, which found the wastewater treatment plant in violation of the federal C lean Water A ct and is sued an order for the plant to fix the problem. “We’ve eliminated chlorine gas, which is a very hazardous chemical, making the process much safer and 

# T HE S TRUGGLE FOR A TOX I C-FREE C OMMUN I TY 

# Los Jardines Institute ($ e Gardens Institute), South Valley of Albuquerque, NM
www.facebook.com/los.ji.92

more cost-e ! ective,” said A lbuquerque Bernalillo C ounty Water U tility A uthority C omplianc e M anager Barbara Gastian. a 

### T he plant has upgr aded to safer alt ernative technology and implemented an ultraviolet disinf ection system, reducing the plant’s use of chlorine and r educing the toxic burden felt by M ountain V ie w residents. 

# “WE H AV E KNO W N F O R 

# decades the unidenti % able sicknesses and cancers in our community were the result of the many chemicals we were being exposed to, including chlorine from the wastewater treatment plant.”

R I C HARD MOORE
C oor dinator of L os Jar dines I nstitute

a http://www.bizjournals.com/albuquerque/print-edition/2011/10/07/abcwua-launches-massive-waste-water.html?page=all 

### Participants in a H ealth I mpact A ssessment Training learn ho w to conduct community research into health impacts from industrial facilities, Mountain View, N M.©LauroSilva

### 22

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# D ue to concentrated chemical industry presence and the lack of z oning laws, the C ity of H ouston has more than 100 facilities that have 10,000 or

mor e people living in their vulnerability zones, making H ouston residents unusually vulnerable to chemical hazards from many directions. I n the historically L atino community of M anchester, a community that has existed for over 150 years and is now dwarfed b y industrial operations, there is a large cluster of childhood leukemia cases and high rates of asthma.

Being located right next to the S hip C hannel means M anchester residents and the industrial operations nearby are in the direct line of hurricanes that pound the Gulf C oas t annually.

T he C hannel near M anchester was recently dredged deeper and wider to ship out the refined tar sands oil tha t is expected to come via the Keystone X L pipeline , if President O bama approves it.

T he T e xas E nvironmental Justice A dv ocacy S ervices(t.e.j.a.s.) group works with residents of this overburdened community to bring the issues of M anchester’spollution, poverty, vulnerability and illness to the attention of the U

. S

. E PA , the D epartment of H omeland S ecurity, and the D epartment of L abor, as well as other local, s tate, and federal agencies. M anchester is seeking redress for damages to their health and their 

# T HE S TRUGGLE FOR A TOX I C-FREE C OMMUN I TY 

# Texas Environmental Justice Advocacy Services (t.e.j.a.s.), Houston, Texas
http://www.tejasbarrios.org

homes, and for some in the community this includes seeking relocation from the path of harm before it is too late.

“Whether it’s H ouston, T X; M ossville, T X; West, T X; West V ir ginia or hundreds of other communities where chemical plants have been allowed to be built—millions of people, disproportionately people of color and low-income communities, are living in harm’s way with chemical threats. T her e is an urgent need to set up s trong protections from the toxic and petrochemical indus try contamination in our communities, now,” says Juan P arras, E xecutive D irector of t.e.j.a.s. 

# “WE C A N C A LL THEM 

# vulnerability zones, or hazard zones, but whatever term we use, the reality is that people are sick and dying from exposure to toxic chemicals. It’s time we work together to transform these ‘kill zones’ into safe places for people to live, work and play.”

YUDI T H N I E T O

M anchester resident and youth environmental justice organizer Members of t.e.j.a.s. and other organizations demand action to prevent chemical disasters at a federal Listening S ession on chemical saf ety and security in H ouston, T X , January 2014.© t.e.j.a.s.

### 24

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# T HE S TRUGGLE FOR A TOX I C-FREE C OMMUN I TY 

# People Concerned About Chemical Safety, Charleston, West Virginia
http://peopleconcernedaboutmic.com 

# O n January 9, 2014, a highly toxic chemical, crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol ( MCHM ), was released from a F reedom I ndustries facility into the E lk River in C harleston, West V ir ginia, just upstream from the intake for a water treatment plant serving nine counties.

“10,000 gallons of a toxic chemical mix used forcoal processing spilled into the river, contaminating the public water source that serves 300,000 residents in nine counties. T his chemical disas ter

w as 100% preventable,” says M aya N ye, President of People C onc erned A bout C hemical S afety (P C ACS ) in Kanawha C ounty , West V ir ginia. N ye is the daughter of employees of the U nion C arbide chemical company, and as a teen was exposed t o toxic chemicals following an explosion at a neighboring chemical plant.

T he F reedom I ndustries spill forced local community organizers to navigate the loss of potable waterwhile bringing these issues forward to the responsible government agencies. “We need the E PA
, the D epartment of H omeland S ecurity, and the D epartment of L abor to come to C harleston to take responsibility and hold F reedom I ndustries accountable.”

People C onc erned A bout C hemical S afety is dedica ted to the protection of health and safety of all who r eside, work, and study in the vicinity of local plants pr oducing highly toxic chemicals. P CACS joined the E nvironmental Justice and H ealth A lliance ( E J HA ) to amplify these demands after the E lk River chemical disaster. O rganizers from West V ir ginia joined the E J HAdelegation t o the N ational E nvironmental Justice A dvisory C ouncil meeting in F ebruary 20 14 to ask E PA A dminis trator Gina M c C arthy to prioritize West V ir ginia and chemical security on the 20th A nniversary of President C linton’s E nvironmental Justice E xecutive O rder. 

# “10,000 G A LLONS OF A TOX I C 

# chemical mix used for coal processing spilled into the river, contaminating the public water source that serves 300,000 residents in nine
counties. $ is chemical disaster was 100% preventable.”

M A Y A N Y E President of People C onc erned A bout C hemical S afety
in Kanawha C ounty , W V R esidents demand action fr om state and federal agencies after a chemical spill contaminated the water for 300,000 people in Charleston, W V , January 2014.©VivianStockman/OVEC

### 26

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

## CH A PTER T W O 

# DEMOGR A P H I C AN A LYS I S O F C HEM I C A L FA C I L I TY VULNER A B I L I TY ZONES 

# T his report examines the chemical disaster vulnerability zones reported to EPA by 3,433 facilities that are required to %le Risk Management Plans (RMPs) because they make, distribute, or use certain extremely hazardous substances. $ ese facilities

are in seven basic industrial sectors or have more than 100,000 people living in their self-reported vulnerability zones. All told, 134 million people in the United States live within range of a worst-case chemical release from one or more of these facilities, and 3.8 million live within the fenceline zones closest to potential harm and with the least time to react in the event of a catastrophic release. 21


# Demographic analysis of %ve socio-economic criteria show Black, Latino, and low-income populations disproportionately represented in the vulnerability zones of thesehigh-hazard chemical facilities, and even more greatly represented in the fenceline zones (one-tenth the distance of the full vulnerability zone), compared to the U.S as a whole. $ e %ve indicators studied are housing value, household income, race and ethnicity, education level, and poverty. $ ese indicators were chosen to assess hazards andimpacts based on race, income, or social status and to conduct an environmental justice analysis of on-the-ground impacts of chemical security policies and practices.

Key % ndings about the fenceline zones nearest to the facilities are:

% Residents of the fenceline zones have average home values 33% below the national average.

% Residents of the fenceline zones have average household incomes 22% below the national average.

% $ e percentage of Blacks in the fenceline zones is 75% greater than for the U.S. as a whole, while the percentage of Latinos in the fenceline zones is 60% greater than for the U.S. as a whole.

% $ e percentage of adults in the fenceline zones with less than a high school degree is 46% greater than for the U.S. as a whole, and the percentage of adults in

I n Wes t Louisville, KY and many other communities, homes directly border industrial facilities.

© E lizabeth C rowe

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 27

# the fenceline zones with a college or other postsecondary degree is 27% lower than for the U.S. as a whole.

% $ e poverty rate in the fenceline zones is 50% higher than for the U.S. as a whole.

D etailed % ndings are presented below.


# Who’s In Danger? Demographics of Vulnerability Zone Populations

N A T I ON A L F I N DI NGS 

# Housing Value (Table 2) Average housing value of owner-occupied homes within the vulnerability zones is lower than the national average, and much lower in the fenceline zones (one-tenth the distance of the vulnerability zone). While home values in facility vulnerability zones are only slightly lower compared to the national average, the very large size of some zones may mask the association between lower housing values and these industrial chemical hazards. Average home value in the fenceline zones drops precipitously to only two-thirds (66%) of the national average (from $246,375 to $164,346) (Figure 4). In addition, many families living in fenceline areas may be renters who do not own the home or apartment they live in. $ ese % gures suggest that low-income families gravitate to communities surrounding chemical facilities where housing is cheaper.

Household Income (Table 3) Similar to the % nding for home values, average household income in the full vulnerability zones is slightly lower than the national average ($71,333 vs. $73,033), but much lower in the fenceline zones: only $56,814, or 22% less than the national average (Figure 5). 22 

# $ e relatively small di ! erence between income in the vulnerability zones and the national average may be due to many zones beingfound around urban areas that tend to have higher incomes than rural areas, all of which are included in the national average. $ is % nding reinforces the % nding of lower home values in fenceline zones, and indicates that these residents who live nearest to hazardous chemical industries tend to have lower income, fewer options for leaving the area, and less in " uence to ensure that nearby facilities upgrade operations.
Race and Ethnicity (Table 4) $ e proportion of the residential population within the vulnerability zones that is Black or Latino is greater than F enc eline Zones Vulnerability Zones 

# U.S.
Average H ome Value $164,346 $238,498 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 66.7% 96.8% 100.0% T A BLE 2 

## H ousing Value in the Vulnerability Zones

$300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0 F I GURE 4 

## H ousing Value in Fenceline Zones

■ F enc eline Zones 

## ■ U

. S

.

F enc eline

Zones Vulnerability Zones 

# U.S.
Average H ousehold Income $56,814 $71,333 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 77.8% 97.7% 100.0% T A BLE 3 

## H ousehold I ncome in the Vulnerability Zones

$80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 F I GURE 5 

## H ousehold I ncome in Fenceline Zones

■ F enc eline Zones 

## ■ U

. S

. A

v erage home value in the fenceline zones is only two-thirds (66.7%) of the national average.

A

v erage household income in the fenceline zones is 22.2% lower than the national average.

### 28

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S F enc eline Zones Vulnerability Zones 

# U.S.

L es s than H igh S chool 20.9% 15.8% 14.3%

H igh S chool/ S ome C ollege 5 2.8% 48.7% 49.5%

P os t-secondary degree** 26.3% 35.5% 36.2% 

# the national average, and greater still in the fenceline zones. Nationally Latinos make up 16% of the population and Blacks make up 12%. However, these percentages increase in the vulnerability zones to 21% for Latinos and 15% for Blacks, and rise still more within the fenceline zones, where Latinos make up more than 25% and Blacks make up 21% of the population (Figure 6). Almost half the people living in the fenceline zones are Black or Latino, compared to less than 30% nationwide. Stated di ! erently, the percentage of Blacks in the fenceline zones is 75% greater than for the U.S. as a whole, and the percentage of Latinos is 60% greater than for the U.S. as a whole.

T A BLE 4 

## R ace and E thnicity in the Vulnerability Zones

R ace/ E thnicity F enc eline Zones P opula tion Vuln. Zones P opula tion U

. S

. P opula tion
White (non- L atino) 1,819,584 75,272,348 196,674,476
P er cent Within Area 47.2% 55.8% 64.2%
L atino 991,422 28,332,083 49,214,650
P er cent Within Area 25.7% 21.0% 16.1%
B lack (non- L atino) 822,531 20,754,953 37,449,500
P er cent Within Area 21.3% 15.4% 12.2%
O ther (non- L atino)* 220,237 10,572,625 23,207,279
P er cent Within Area 5.71% 7.84% 7.57%

F I GURE 6 

## Black and Latino Populations in Fenceline Zones * C ensus ca tegory includes A sian, Pacific I slander, N ative A merican,

tw o or more races, and some other race. 

# Education (Table 5) Education levels show an association with vulnerability zones and fenceline zones—but only for those with the least or most formal education (those without a high school degree and those with a post-secondary degree). For those in the middle (such as those with a high school degree or some college), education levels do not seem associated with residence in these zones. $ e percentage of adults in the fenceline zones who did not complete high school education is 46% greater than for the U.S. as a whole. Conversely, the percentage of adults in the fencelinezones who have completed college or post-college education is 27% lower than for the U.S. as a whole (Figure 7).

30.00%

25.00%

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0% Black Population 

## ■ F enc eline Zones 

## ■ U

. S

.

L atino Population T A BLE 5 

## E duca tion in the Vulnerability Zones*

* E duca tion figures include people 25 years and older.
** P ost-secondary includes a completed A ssociate’s, Bachelor’s,

M aster’s, Professional, or D octorate degree.



### The percentage of Blacks in the fenceline zones is 75% greater than for the U

. S . as a whole.

The percentage of Latinos in the fenceline zones is 60% greater than for the U

. S . as a whole. 

# T HE PERCENT A GE OF A D U LT S 

# in the fenceline zones who did not complete high school education is 46% greater than for the U.S. as a whole.

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 29 

# Poverty (Table 6) $ e poverty rate in the fenceline zones is much higher than in the vulnerability zones, and the poverty rate in both zones is higher than the national average. $ e poverty rate in the fenceline zones is 50% greater than the national average (21% compared to 14%) (Figure 8). Living in poverty is associated with many forms of social disadvantage, including less access to health care, higher disability rates, lower education levels, greater prevalence of substandard housing, exclusion, and greater exposure to environmental health hazards, to which can now be added disproportionate representation in the disaster vulnerability zones of chemical facilities. F I GURE 7 

## E duca tional Attainment in F enceline Zones

40.00%

35.00%

30.00%

25.00%

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0% L es s then H igh S chool D iploma 

## ■ F enc eline Zones 

## ■ U

. S

.

Post- S econdary D egree

F enc eline

Zones Vulnerability Zones 

# U.S.

P eople in P overty 812,211 21,603,803 42,638,091

P overty R ate 21.5% 16.2% 14.3% T A BLE 6 

## Poverty R ates in the Vulnerability Zones 25.00%

20.00%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0 F I GURE 8 

## Poverty R ate in Fenceline Zones

Poverty Rate 

## ■ F enc eline Zones 

## ■ U

. S

. The percentage of adults in the fenceline zones who did not
c omplete high school is 46% greater than for the whole U

. S

. T he percentage of adults in the f enceline zones who have
c ompleted pos t-secondary education is 2 7% lower than f or the whole U

. S

.

The poverty rate in the fenceline zones is 50% greater than the national average.



# T HE PO V ERTY R A TE I N THE FENCEL I NE Z ONES 

# is 50% greater than thenational average. Living in poverty is associated with many forms of social disadvantage, including less access to health care, higher disability rates, lower education levels, greater prevalence of substandard housing, exclusion, and greater exposure to environmental health hazards.

### 30

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

## IN D USTRY S ECTOR F I N DI NGS 

# $ e industry types included in this report are water treatment, wastewater treatment, bleach manufacturing, electric power generation, petroleum re % ning, pulp and paper production, and chemical manufacturing. $ e % nding thatfacility vulnerability zones have lower housing values, lower incomes, greater Black and Latino populations, lower education levels, and higher rates of poverty than national averages is generally found across di !erent types of industries, but does vary somewhat by industry. $ e tendency of racial, income, and other social status disparities to be more pronounced in the fenceline zones (one-tenth of the vulnerability zone distance) is also generally true across industries.
Certain industry sector % ndings stand out as showing the greatest disparities or most disproportionate impacts. For example, wastewater facilities, SOCMA member facilities, and pulp and paper mills had the highest per

centage of Blacks in their fenceline zones (2.4 times. 2.3 times, and 2.2 times greater than for the U.S. as a whole, respectively). $ e percentage of Latinos living in the fenceline zones around bleach plants is twice as high as for the U.S. as a whole. When viewing the results in Tables 8 and 9 together, it appears that both Blacks and low-income whites are overrepresented near petroleum

re % neries and pulp and paper mills.

Discussion of alternatives that can reduce or eliminate vulnerability zone dangers in each industry type is included below in Removing Chemical Hazards: Solutions for Companies and Communities (page 35).
Housing Value by Industry Sector (Table 7) Average home values are lower in the vulnerability zones than the national average for all but one industry sector examined. $e lowest average home values in the full vulnerability zones are found around the pulp and paper industry facilities, 25% lower than the national average. Average home values in the fenceline zones are consistently lower across all sectors, often much lower, than in the full vulnerability zones. $ e highest average home values in the fenceline zones of particular industry sectors are only 77% of the national average. Again, the pulp and paper sector had low average home values in the fenceline zones around its facilities, 59% of the national average. Fenceline zones around SOCMA facilities showed the largest disparity in home values at just 51% of the national average. $ e bleach manufacturing industry actually showed a higher average home value, 107% of the national average, in the vulnerability zones. $ is may be the result of a masking e ! ect from exceptionally large reported vulnerability zones around conventional bleach plants, which include

more a' uent neighborhoods that are often further away. $ e average home value in the fenceline zones for bleach manufacturing, which dropped to 77% of the national average, would seem to con % rm that a masking e ! ect is present.

T A BLE 7 

## H ousing Values in the Vulnerability Zones b y I ndustry S ector

Industry G roup F enc eline Zone Average

H ome Value Vulnerability Zone Average

H ome Value U

. S

. Average

H ome Value

Water T r eatment $191,370 $218,375 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 77.7% 88.6% 100.0%

Wastewater T r eatment $173,216 $200,471 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 70.3% 81.4% 100.0%

B leach M anufacturing $190,976 $265,778 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 77.5% 107.9% 100.0%

P owe r G eneration $178,211 $213,186 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 72.3% 86.5% 100.0%

P etr oleum R efining $150 ,455 $230,166 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 61.1% 93.4% 100.0%

P ulp and P aper P roduction $145,975 $183,757 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 59.3% 74.6% 100.0%

AC C M ember C ompanies $155, 124 $244,021 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 63.0% 99.0% 100.0%

SOCM A M ember C ompanies $126,25 7 $209,013 $246,375

P er cent of U

. S . Average 51.3% 84.8% 100.0%

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 31 

# Household Income by Industry Sector (Table 8) For every industry sector examined, household incomes are substantially lower than the national average in the fenceline zones. In some sectors, household incomes in vulnerability zones are close to the national average. $ is likely demonstrates a masking e ! ect of facilities within these sectors that have very large vulnerability zones (ranging up to 25 miles). $ e industry sector with highest fenceline zone household incomes is water treatment, at 85% of the national average. $ e industry sector with the lowest fenceline zone household incomes is pulp and paper production, with incomes only two-thirds (66%) of the national average.

Industry G roup F enc eline Zone Income Vuln. Zone Income U

. S

. Average Income

Water T r eatment $62,385 $69,226 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 85.4% 94.8% 100.0%

Wastewater T r eatment $57,205 $66,898 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 78.3% 91.6% 100.0%

B leach P roduction $56,863 $73,078 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 77.9% 100.1% 100.0%

P owe r G eneration $60,087 $63,337 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 82.3% 86.7% 100.0%

P ulp and P aper P roduction $48,583 $60,947 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 66.5% 83.5% 100.0%

P etr oleum R efining $5 7,758 $73,133 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 79.1% 100.1% 100.0%

AC C M ember F acilities $56,640 $7 2,592 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 77.6% 99.4% 100.0%

SOCM A M ember F acilities $50 ,976 $71,642 $73,033

P er cent of U

. S . Average 69.8% 98.1% 100.0% T A BLE 8 

## H ousehold I ncomes in the Vulnerability Zones b y I ndustry S ector 

# Race and Ethnicity by Industry Sector (Table 9) While our research consistently shows Blacks and Latinos more greatly represented in both vulnerability zones andfenceline zones than in the U.S. as a whole, the relationship of race and ethnicity to speci % c industry sectors ismore varied. For example, Latinos are more highly represented near power plants but not pulp and paper mills, while the reverse is true for Black populations. Whites

are less represented in the vulnerability zones of all sectors except pulp and paper mills. $ e percentage of Latinos in the fenceline zones near bleach plants is twice as high (or 100% greater) than for the U.S. as a whole. $ e percentage of Blacks in the fenceline zones near wastewater facilities, SOCMA member facilities, and pulp and paper mills is also quite high (2.4 times, 2.3 times, and 2.2 times greater than for the U.S. as a whole, respectively).
Regional characteristics may explain some of these

variations. Latinos may be highly represented near power plants because of the signi % cant number of these facilities found in California, Texas, Nevada, and other states that also have relatively larger Latino populations. $ ese three states together host 38% of the power plants in this report, but less than 3% of the pulp and paper mills. Blacks may be more represented near pulp and paper mills because more than half of mills reviewed are in Southern states that also have higher Black populations.
Education by Industry Sector (Table 10) People with the least formal education (less than high school) are overrepresented in the fenceline zones across all industry sectors examined compared to the U.S. as a whole. Conversely, people with the most formal education (a post-secondary degree) are underrepresented in the fenceline zones of all industry sectors examined. But for those in the middle (such as a high school degree or some college) there is less association. For those at either end of the spectrum—with the most or least formal schooling— disparities in education level are magni % ed in the fenceline zones when compared to the full vulnerability zones. Fenceline zones around SOCMA member facilities showed the largest disparity, with 25% of these residents having less than a high school education (compared to 14% nationally) and only 21% having a post-secondary degree (compared to 36% nationally).

### 32

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S S ecto r Ar ea White L atino B lack O ther*

U

. S . Averages N ation 64.2% 16.1% 12.2% 7.57%

Water T r eatment V ulner ability Zone 49.5% 28.8% 14.9% 6.81%

F enc eline Zone 46.8% 30.9% 16.1% 6.29%

Wastewater T r eatment V ulner ability Zone 51.8% 22.4% 18.4% 7.40%

F enc eline Zone 38.2% 24.7% 29.5% 7.71%

B leach P roduction V ulner ability Zone 50.1% 26.0% 14.9% 8.95%

F enc eline Zone 45.0% 32.6% 14.3% 8.06%

P ower G eneration V ulner ability Zone 45.9% 32.4% 11.4% 10.3%

F enc eline Zone 55.0% 27.4% 10.8% 6.84%

P etr oleum R efining V ulner ability Zone 58.3% 16.6% 18.1% 6.98%

F enc eline Zone 63.4% 14.6% 17.3% 4.80%

P ulp and P aper P roduction V ulner ability Zone 66.1% 5.9% 23.1% 4.84%

F enc eline Zone 65.4% 4.5% 26.9% 3.31%

AC C M ember F acilities V ulner ability Zone 55.5% 18.3% 17.9% 8.29%

F enc eline Zone 49.9% 20.4% 24.1% 5.61%

SOCM A M ember F acilities V ulner ability Zone 54.0% 17.0% 22.5% 6.53%

F enc eline Zone 39.9% 27.2% 28.1% 4.74% T A BLE 9 

## R ace and E thnicity in the Vulnerability Zones by I ndustry S ector

* C ensus ca tegory includes A sian, Pacific I slander, N ative A merican, two or more races, and some other race.



### T A BLE 10 

## E duca tion Levels in the Vulnerability Zones by I ndustry S ector*

S ecto r Ar ea L es s T han H igh S chool H igh S chool/ S ome C ollege P os t- S econdary Degree**

U

. S . Averages N ation 14.3% 49.5% 36.2%

Water T r eatment V ulner ability Zone 17.2% 47.8% 35.0%

F enc eline Zone 19.3% 48.8% 31.9%

Wastewater T r eatment V ulner ability Zone 17.1% 49.7% 33.2%

F enc eline Zone 23.2% 47.8% 29.0%

B leach M anufacturing V ulner ability Zone 17.1% 46.9% 36.0%

F enc eline Zone 21.9% 50.8% 27.3%

P ower G eneration V ulner ability Zone 22.0% 50.1% 27.9%

F enc eline Zone 21.7% 52.5% 25.9%

P etr oleum R efining V ulner ability Zone 14.3% 49.5% 36.2%

F enc eline Zone 15.7% 59.1% 25.2%

P ulp and P aper P roduction V ulner ability Zone 14.1% 54.3% 31.6%

F enc eline Zone 17.7% 57.7% 24.6%

AC C M ember F acilities V ulner ability Zone 15.7% 48.3% 36.0%

F enc eline Zone 19.9% 55.6% 24.5%

SOCM A M ember F acilities V ulner ability Zone 16.0% 49.2% 34.8%

F enc eline Zone 25.0% 53.6% 21.4%

* E duca tion figures include people 25 years and older. ** Post-secondary includes a completed A ssociate’s, Bachelor’s, M aster’s, Professional, or D octorate degree.

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# | 33 T A BLE 11 

## Poverty R ates in the Vulnerability Zones b y I ndustry S ector 

# Poverty by Industry Sector (Table 11) For each industry sector examined, the poverty rate is higher in the vulnerability zones than the national average and consistently still higher in the fenceline zones. $ e highest poverty rates around facilities in this report arefound in the fenceline zones of SOCMA chemical manufacturers (25% of residents living in poverty), wastewater plants (25%), and pulp and paper mills (24%), compared to the national poverty rate of 14%.

Industry G roup F enc eline Zone P er cent in

P overty Vulnerability Zone P er cent in

P overty U

. S

. P er cent in

P overty

Water T r eatment 19.5% 17.5% 14.3%

Wastewater T r eatment 25.5% 18.3% 14.3%

B leach M anufacturing 21.1% 16.4% 14.3%

P owe r G eneration 19.7% 18.9% 14.3%

P etr oleum R efining 18.8% 15.3% 14.3%

P ulp and P aper P roduction 24.6% 18.0% 14.3%

AC C M ember C ompanies 20 .3% 16.3% 14.3%

SOCM A M ember C ompanies 25.6% 16. 7% 14.3% 

# Vulnerability Zone Distances and A !

ected Populations by Industry Type (Table 12) Worst-case chemical release scenarios vary by industry. A

verage vulnerability zone distance ranges from 2.13 miles radius for water treatment facilities to 15.9 miles for bleach manufacturing facilities. Average vulnerability zone population ranges from 13,172 people for electric power production to 929,826 for bleach plants. Of the industry sectors studied in this report, chemical manufacturing and bleach manufacturing endanger by far the most people— almost 80 million for chemical manufacturing and almost 64 million for bleach (calculated separately by industry). On a per-facility average basis, bleach plants endanger the most people, with an average vulnerability zone that includes 929,826 people. As noted below in Chapter 3, safer chemicals and processes could dramatically reduce the size and population of vulnerability zones of these industry sectors.
Vulnerability Zones within Two Industry Sectors (Table 13) $ e chemicals and processes used withinindustry sectors can also have a dramatic impact on the size of vulnerabilityzones. For example, the 202 power plants that use anhydrous ammonia (a toxic gas) have vulnerability zones that average 3.74 miles and 21,188 people, while the 86 power plants that use less hazardous aqueous (liquid) ammonia have vulnerability zones that average just 0.47 miles and 798 people. Similarly, a single highly hazardous process dominates the vulnerability zone pro %le of the petroleum

re % ning sector. $ e 50 petroleum re % neries that use

* F igures are calculated separately for each industry group using methods that remove any double counting of facilities or persons.

I ndustry sector figures in T able 12 cannot be added t ogether to obtain national totals.
** F orty f our R M P facilities in this report are members of both the A merican C hemistry C ouncil ( ACC ) and the S ociety of C hemical M anufacturers

and A " lia tes ( SOCMA ). 

### T A BLE 12 

## Vulnerability Zone D istances and A ! ected Populations by I ndustry S ector*

Industry S ector RMP F acilities V ulnerability Zone P opula tion Vulnerability Zone Average M iles Vulnerability Zone Average P opula tion

Water treatment 1,284 33,692,612 2.13 34,951

Wastewater treatment 686 21,004,374 2.27 42,250

B leach manufacturing 91 63,952,735 15.86 929,826

E lectric power generation 334 4,052,030 2.51 13,172

P etr oleum refining 130 18,484,212 7.49 232,550

P ulp and paper pr oduction 72 5,462,950 11.12 77,663

C hemical manufacturing** 778 79,726,744 6.48 208,415

AC Cmember facilities 715 77,046,976 6.53 213,607

SOCM A member facilities 107 18,459,503 6.33 205,805

### 34

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# hydro " uoric acid have vulnerability zones that average 16.3 miles and 551,558 people, while the 80 re % neries that do not use hydro " uoric acid have much smaller vulnerability average zones of 2.0 miles and 33,170 people.

Overall, at the reviewed facilities chlorine gas was by far the most common chemical in worst-case release scenarios, reported by 2,054 facilities. Anhydrous ammonia gas was second, reported by 347 facilities. Anhydrous sulfur dioxide gas was third, reported by 143 facilities. O f the worst-case scenarios evaluated, 3,175 involve a

toxic gas scenario and 258 involve a " ammable chemical scenario. 23



### Industry S ector RMP F acilities V ulnerability Zone P opula tion Vulnerability Zone Average M iles Vulnerability Zone Average P opula tion

E lectric power generation 334 4,052,030 2.51 13,172

U sing anhydrous ammonia 202 3,938,961 3.74 21,188

U sing aqueous ammonia (conc. * 20%) 86 64,864 0.47 798

P etr oleum refining 130 18,484,212 7.49 232,550

U sing hydrofluoric acid 50 17,733,913 16.28 551,558

N ot using hydrofluoric acid 80 2,146,709 2.00 33,170 T A BLE 13 

## Vulnerability Zones within Two I ndustry S ectors*

* F igures are calculated separately for each industry group using methods that remove any double counting of facilities or persons. I ndustry subsector figures in T able 13 cannot be added t ogether to obtain industry totals.



### T A BLE 14 

## Top Ten Chemicals in This R eport

* T he number of f acilities reporting the chemical as their worst-case

sc enario chemical. 

### C hemical F acilities*

C hlorine 2,054

A mmonia (anhydrous) 347

S ulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 143

A mmonia (conc. * 20%) 109

F lammable mixture 80

H ydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 75

C hlorine dioxide 55

E thylene oxide 51

F ormaldeh yde (solution) 50

V in yl acetate monomer 39

Just some of the massive oil and chemical facilities in the Manchester, T X community.© Bryan Parras

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 35 

## CH A PTER THREE 

# R EMO V I NG C HEM I C A L HAZA R D S : S OLUT I ONS FOR C OMP A N I ES A N D C OMMUN I T I E S 

# F ortunately, there are many ways by which companies can dramatically reduce or remove from workplaces and communities the major chemical hazards thatcause tens of millions of people to live in vulnerability zones. A previous survey of high-hazard facilities identi % ed some 20 industries in which safer and more

secure alternatives are already in use, including all of the industry sectors studied in this report. 24 

# $ ese options include a variety of alternate chemicals and processes.

W A TER T RE A TMENT P L A NTS 

# $ e water treatment plants cited in this report have 33.7 million people living in their merged vulnerability zones. $ ese 1,284 water treatment plants have vulnerability zones that average 2.13 miles and 34,951 people. Water treatment plants commonly eliminate bulk chlorine gas (used to treat water) by using liquid bleach (sodium hypochlorite). Water plants increasingly generate their bleach on-site from salt and electricity. More than 235 water treatment plants had converted from chlorine gas

according to just one partial survey of the industry. 25



## W A S TE WA TER P L A NTS 

# $ e wastewater plants cited in this report have 21 million people living in their merged vulnerability zones. $ ese 686 wastewater plants have average vulnerability zones of2.27 miles and 42,250 people. Wastewater plants eliminate bulk chlorine gas (used to treat wastewater) by using liquid bleach, and eliminate sulfur dioxide gas (used to remove chlorine) by using sodium bisul % te, or eliminate both chemicals by using ultraviolet light. More than 300 wastewater plants have made such changes according to just one partial survey of the industry. When combined with the converted water treatment plants above, more than 40 million people no longer live in danger from one or more of these converted facilities. 26



## B LE A CH MA NUF A CTUR I NG P L A NTS 

# $ e bleach manufacturing plants cited in this report have 63.9 million people living within their merged vulnerability zones. $ ese 91 conventional bleach plants have average vulnerability zones of 15.9 miles and 929,826 people. Many conventional bleach plants receive chlorine gas in railcars, resulting in very large vulnerability zones aswell as additional transportation hazards. A growing number of commercial bleach plants produce chlorine bleach as needed from salt and electricity without ever storing or transporting chlorine gas, an e! ective solution that removes the enormous vulnerabilities of this industry sector. 27



## E LECTR I C P O W ER P L A NTS 

# $ e electric power plants cited in this report have four million people living within their merged vulnerability zones. Power plants that generate electricity substantially reduce vulnerability zones by converting from anhydrousammonia gas (used to control nitrogen oxides, a component of smog) to less hazardous aqueous ammonia or evensolid urea. Of the 334 total power plants, 202 use anhydrous ammonia, a toxic gas, and have average vulnerability zones of 3.74 miles and 21,188 people in areas where 3.9 million people live. In contrast, the 86 power plants that use safer aqueous ammonia have much smaller average vulnerability zones of 0.47 miles and 798 people in areas where 64,864 people live. Power plants can also avoid gaseous chlorine in cooling towers and process water by using liquid bleach. 28 

### Clara S mith looking out her window at the S hell refinery in N orco, L A

.©LesStone/Greenpeace

### 36

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

## P ULP A N D PA PER MI LLS 

# $ e pulp and paper mills cited in this report have 5.5 million people living in their merged vulnerability zones. $ ese 72 pulp and paper mills have average vulnerability zones of 11.1 miles and 77,663 people. Some pulp andpaper mills remove chlorine by employing an oxygenbased process with ozone or hydrogen peroxide; others avoid or minimize storage of chlorine dioxide. 29 

# $ ese mills may also remove anhydrous sulfur dioxide by generating sulfur chemicals on-site. 30



## P ETROLEUM R EF I NER I ES 

# $ e petroleum re % neries listed in this report have 18.5 million people living in their merged vulnerability zones (for 130 facilities). $ e hazards posed by concentrated hydro " uoric acid, a toxic gas used in re % ning high octane gasoline, dominate the catastrophic chemical hazards at petroleum re % neries. However, many re % neries already use sulfuric acid processes that are not covered by the RMPprogram because of low airborne release hazards. In addition, newer solid acid and liquid ionic catalysts are under development in the industry. 31 

# $ e 50 re % neries that use concentrated hydro " uoric acid have average vulnerability zones of 16.3 miles and 551,558 people, and a total vulnerability zone population of 17.7 million people. I n contrast, the 80 re % neries that do not use hydro " uoric acid have average vulnerability zones of only 2.0 miles and 33,170 people, and a total vulnerability zone population of only 2.1 million people (Figure 9). Some re % neries have removed chlorine gas from cooling towers by using liquid bleach; others avoid anhydrous ammonia in power cogeneration by using aqueous ammonia.

C HEM I C A L MA NUF A CTUR I NG F A C I L I T I ES 

# $ e chemical manufacturing facilities in this report include a combined 778 member company facilities of the American Chemistry Council (ACC) and Society of Chemical Manufacturers and A#liates (SOCMA). $ ese ACC and SOCMA facilities combined have average vulnerability zones of 6.48 miles and 208,415 people in areas where 79.7 million live. Of this total, 715 are ACC member company facilities with average vulnerability zones of 6.53 miles and 213,607 people in areas where 77 million people live. And 107 are SOCMA member company facilities with averages vulnerability zones of6.33 miles and 205,805 people in areas where 18.5 million people live. In this report, 44 facilities are members of both ACC and SOCMA. Chemical manufacturers use diverse production processes and therefore varied solutions are applicable. Common hazard reduction strategies include adopting an alternate chemical or process, using a chemical in a less dangerous or less concentrated form, or generating a chemical only as needed without storage. F or example, some manufacturers of polyurethane foam use soy-based polyols rather than storeand transport bulk amounts of ethylene oxide. Some manufacturers of ferric chloride use hydrochloric acid below 37% concentration rather than store and transport bulk chlorine gas. And some detergent manufacturers have switched to on-site sulfur burning equipment rather than store and transport large amounts of sulfur trioxide. 32



## SA FER ALTERN A T IV ES CA N P ROTECT C OMMUN I T I ES W H I LE AV O IDI NG COSTS A N D L IA B I L I T I ES 

# An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. And in the case of chemical disaster vulnerability zones, the prevention turns out to often be easily a! ordable. In onesurvey of nearly 200 respondent facilities that had converted to a safer chemical or process, about half spent less than $100,000 to switch and 87% spent less than $1 million. 33

# Another survey found that twenty large water and wastewater facilities converted from chlorine gas, which they formerly received in vulnerable railcars, to safer alternatives for no more than $1.50 per person served each year—or the price of a small bag of peanuts— and often for much less. 34



### Petroleum refineries that DO NO Tuse hydrofluoric acid have average vulnerability zone populations of 33,170 people, compared to 551,558 people for refineries that DO use h ydrofluoric acid. F I GURE 9 

## H ydrofluoric A cid and P etroleum R efineries

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0 V ulner ability Zone Av erage Population 

## ■ H ydrofluoric A cid 

## ■ N o H ydrofluoric A cid

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 37 

# In contrast, not seizing opportunities to switch to safer chemicals and processes can be surprisingly expensive. One insurance industry study projected $7 billion in potential damages from the worst-case release of a railroad tank car of chlorine in an urban area. 35

# Damages from the A pril 2013 explosion of a single fertilizer facility in West, TX reportedly will start at $100 million.
Many facilities that switch to safer alternatives realize savings that o ! set some or all costs of converting. In a

survey of converted facilities, respondents reported many types of avoided costs of safety and security measures that were no longer needed, including: safety devices and personal protective equipment; inspections, certi% cations, permits, and fees; higher risk-group insurance and poten

tial liabilities; specialized emergency response teams, training, and planning; compliance with chemical related % re codes; chemical purchases; chemical thefts; physical security measures; worker and community noti % cation; background checks; and regulatory compliance. 36 

# Companies do not routinely analyze and document savings and avoided costs under the major chemical emergency safety and security laws, including EPA Risk Management Planning, OSHA Process Safety Management, and DHS Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards. Nor do these laws create any duty or obligation for chemical facility owners or operators to demonstrate knowledge of available alternatives, to justify decisions that result in immense but avoidable chemical hazards, or to reduce or remove these hazards. As a result, these laws don’t develop cost-e ! ective safer solutions and instead focus outcomes on more costly control and management strategies that inevitably fail some of the time. $ e costs of those failures are unduly borne by residents, workers, businesses and the local
governments where they occur. And, as this report documents, these hazards, costs, and harms are disproportionately borne by low-income, Black, and Latino residents. Requiring hazardous chemical facilities to systematically review, document, and justify alternatives to highly hazard

ous chemical operations, and convert when appropriate, could modernize chemical safety and security. 37 

### O ne in ten students in the U

. S . attend school within one mile of a high-risk chemical facility. S hown here, W hiting, IN

.© GlobalCommunityMonitor

### 38

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

## CH A PTER FOUR 

# CONCLUS I ONS A N D RECOMMEN D A T I ONS 

# T his report % nds that more than 134 million Americans live within one or more vulnerability zones of 3,433 chemical facilities that use or store highly hazardous chemicals. Our research demonstrates that the percentages of African Americans and Latinos who live in these vulnerability zones, and especially within the fenceline zones closest to the facilities, are much greater than for the U.S. as a whole. We also document additionaldisparities: lower average home values, lower average household incomes, lower education levels, and greater rates of poverty in these zones than for the U.S. as a whole. Many people who live in the fenceline zones are aware that they are exposed to toxic chemicals regularly and

are at risk of a chemical disaster. Others—especially those who live further from a facility but still within range of

a catastrophic release—may be unaware of the dangers. After years of grassroots organizing and mobilizing,

testimony to government agencies, and studies that demonstrate the pattern of environmental racism described in this report, the U.S. government has been noti! ed of the hazards created by chemical facilities and the threats these hazards pose to human life and communities.

It is time to % nally and fully address the inequitable distribution of these dangers, and the need for everyone—

regardless of race, income, or education—to be protected by the government from chemical disasters. $ e time to

act was % rstly in 1964, when the Civil Rights Act was passed, prohibiting discrimination and disproportionate impacts on the basis of race, color, or national origin. $ e percentage of African Americans living in the fenceline

zones of chemical facilities studied in this report is 75% greater than for the U.S. as a whole, and the percentage of Latinos in the fenceline zones is 60% greater than for the U.S. as a whole. $ ese and other % ndings in this

report document a pattern of disproportionate exposure to chemical hazards created over a long period of time, which should be considered discrimination under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. $ e time to address these dangers was also twenty years ago, when President Clinton signed Executive Order 12898 on Environmental Justice.
It is past time for local, county, and state governments, state and federal agencies, Congress, the White House,and the industries themselves to act aggressively to protect the lives of people living near and working in these facilities from chemical disasters.

$ e question now is: what will it take for government and industry to % nally act to prevent disasters, and protect the communities and workers whose safety and security are unfairly and unequally put in jeopardy? $ e path toward safety and justice is for government and industry to take precautionary steps that include a! ordable, common

sense measures. Precautionary measures would reduce and eliminate unnecessary hazards, improve oversight of the facilities, and produce better engagement of communities living near these facilities and the workers who sta! them. $ree central approaches could dramatically improve chemi

cal facility safety and security: requiring safer chemicals and processes when feasible ; improving laws and regulations ; and fully engaging workers and communities

.Without taking these approaches, government and industry will continue to deny to the people living and working in the vulnerability zones their right to clean air, water, and land.

SA FER A N D M ORE S ECURE ALTERN A T IV ES

# Many of the dangers cited in this report could be substantially reduced or entirely removed by replacing hazardous chemicals and processes with existing safer alternatives.For example, many wastewater treatment plants have removed highly toxic chlorine gas by switching to ultraviolet light disinfection. Such options remove the potential for a major chemical release that could harm employees and the public, rather than only attempting to control the hazard with fallible controls or security strategies. $ ose living and working in the vulnerability zones and fenceline zones have the most to gain from this approach. Companies also

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 39 

# bene % t when they convert to safer chemicals and processesby avoiding the costs and liabilities of controlling, managing, mitigating, and remediating chemical hazards. In this way, using safer materials or processes can uniquely improve economic performance and reduce potential harm to those working or living nearby—the proverbial win-win solution.

$e Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 makes it the national policy of the United States to reduce hazards to public health and the environment through source reduction (such as substituting safer materials for hazardous ones) prior to any add-on pollution management and control. 38 

# Congress also intended the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 to give preference to “ measures which entirely eliminate the presence of potential hazards ... as opposed to those which merely provide additional containment.... ” 39

# Nonetheless, current chemical safety and security policies and practices are oriented toward risk management, rather than % nding and using safer and more secure alternatives.
Prevention through design is the only major chemical safety and security approach that is largely undeveloped in current U.S. regulations, which attempt to control and manage chemical hazards much more than prevent and avoid these hazards. $ at said, the United States must shift immediately from a “risk management” regime to a “prevention-based” regime. Under the current risk management regime, the most complete and e ! ective solutions are left out. Adding management features may reduce the frequency of serious accidents but not the underlying hazard. 40

# Under a safety-based or prevention-based regime, strategies include the reduction or removal of potential catastrophic consequences from ongoing operations.
Government agencies at all levels should formally adopt a prevention-focused approach that gives preference to prevention through design before control, management, mitigation, or remediation strategies. Regulated facilities should be required to demonstrate knowledge of their major chemical hazards and options to reduce or remove those hazards, switch to safer alternatives when feasible, and fully justify any decisions not to convert.
Federal agencies should seamlessly incorporate these

requirements into existing programs, in particular EPA Risk Management Planning (RMP), OSHA Process SafetyManagement (PSM), and DHS Chemical Facility AntiTerrorism Standards (CFATS). $ ese agencies should also collect and disseminate basic information from facilities that are no longer covered by these programs because they have removed their underlying hazards, in order to share lessons learned and best practices. $ e EPA should use its existing authority under 112(r)(7)(A) of the Clean Air Act to develop standards for the avoidance of catastrophic chemical hazards. EPA should also update guidance under 112(r)(1) of the Clean Air Act to prioritize prevention in enforcement.

R esidents of the Manches ter community near H ouston, T Xdemand environmental justice.© Bryan Parras

### 40

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# For example, an EPA Risk Management Plan (RMP) consists of a hazard assessment, a prevention program, and an emergency response program. $ e RMP prevention program includes 12 general elements, but no explicitanalysis of safer options. Similarly, a process hazards analysis conducted under OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) requires a facility owner or operator to identify hazards and then controls to abate those hazards. $ ere is also no requirement under OSHA PSM to identify anddocument ways to reduce, remove, or modify the underlying hazard—even when a! ordable alternatives are readily available. Likewise, vulnerability assessments and site security plans conducted under DHS Chemical FacilityAnti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) are subject to 18 performance standards for conventional security measures such as perimeter security, access controls, and cyber security . But none of the CFATS performance standards address making the facility a less attractive target by

avoiding intrinsic hazards. In short, federal programs almost universally fail to require facilities that store or use highly hazardous chemicals and endanger millions of people (who are disproportionatelyBlack, Latino, and poor) to determine whether safer alternatives could be used instead. $ is failure ensures that

cost-e !ective means to address chemical hazards by avoiding them altogether are routinely ignored in planning and analysis.

V

oluntary industry public relations programs, such as the American Chemistry Council’s “Responsible Care,” alsodo not document and disclose options and costs of removing catastrophic chemical hazards, nor do they have any measurable goals and timelines to reduce the vulnerability zones of chemical companies. Also, there has been little orno meaningful involvement of workers or fenceline communities as joint decision makers. Voluntary industry programs have simply not produced substantial, documented progress. In nearly 30 years since the chemical gas disaster at Bhopal, India, and 15 years since companies % rst %led RMP vulnerability zone reports, the industry as a whole has still not even acknowledged the basic expectation of workers and communities that companies should remove catastrophic chemical hazards wherever possible.

M ORE E FFECT IV E LAW S A N D R EGUL A T I ONS 

# Better and more equitable enforcement of existing laws would help, but can’t %x the underlying problem of failed policies. Providing more resources to the federal agencies that oversee chemical safety and security could improve compliance, but would not address underlying limitations that reduce these agencies’ e ! ectiveness. $ e regulatory system overseeing chemical security and safety needs to be overhauled and strengthened. In addition to requiring use of safer alternatives when feasible (addressed above), this

e ! ort should harmonize the regulatory programs currently in place, and eliminate loopholes and weaknesses.
Existing patchwork laws and infrequent inspections entirely miss some hazardous operations and conditions. For example, no major law, standard, or code prohibits the conditions that apparently contributed to the blast that destroyed an entire neighborhood around the West, TX fertilizer facility in April 2013 and are found at many similar fertilizer facilities. $ ese conditions include " ammable wooden storage bins, lack of % re-suppression sprinkler systems, and use of conventional detonable forms of ammonium nitrate. 41 

# Federal agencies should immediately and comprehensively review chemical security and safety B OX 2 

## T he T oxic S ubstances C ontr ol Act and C hemical S afety

While this report primarily examines populations that could be exposed to acute airborne chemical releases, other aspects of the federal chemical safety system, such as chronic health hazards, also lack preventive
appr oaches. T he T o xic S ubstances C ontr ol A ct of 19 76,

or TSCA , discourages innovation and encourages the ongoing use of hazardous chemicals even when safer alternatives might be available. TSCAlargely exempts all chemicals tha t existed in 1976, encouraging continued use of these older chemicals and limiting both health and safety assessment and investigation into existing or possible safer alternatives. E v en for chemicals registered since 1976, a series of barriers make it di " cult for E PA to require complete safety assessments and virtually impossible for the agency to restrict even the most danger ous chemicals. S ince 1976, only five chemicals have ever been restricted under TSCA , and even asbestos could not be fully removed from commerce under the law. TSCAmust be revised to include requirements for full disclosure of toxic substances made and used, safety determinations on all chemicals, prompt phaseout of the most toxic chemicals, protection for disproportionately impacted “hot spot” communities and the mos t vulnerable populations, and innovation inc entives for identifying new safer chemicals.

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 41 

# requirements to ensure that their coverage is complete and that the programs complement and reinforce each other.
Where regulations are based on lists of hazardous chemicals, agencies should regularly review the lists and add new chemicals as appropriate through a rulemaking process on a short schedule, such as every two years. $ is would help agencies %ll gaps and stay current with the ever-changinglandscape of chemicals in commerce. But the better approach is to use chemical hazard characteristics and basicthresholds to trigger requirements, as is the case for hazardous inventory reporting under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act and for Safety Data Sheets under OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard. $ is approach would help ensure that the broadest number of chemicals of concern, types of hazards, and facilities are promptly covered in a consistent manner. Federal

regulations should always include, prioritize, and promote safer alternatives.
Government agencies should immediately require chemical facilities to identify and document hazardous materialsand conditions, the potential consequences of major releases, the speci% c measures that can address these scenarios, and possible further measures to reduce hazards. $ is is especially important in overburdened communities that lack appropriate land-use zoning laws and where facilities are concentrated. $ ere are forward-thinking chemical management laws in place, among them the State of New Jersey and Contra Costa County in California. $ e strongest elements of these laws have various requirementsrelated to comprehensive reporting on chemical inventories and processes, as well as documented review of chemicals and processes that can remove hazards. $ ecentral elements of these programs go beyond current federal requirements through a critical focus on prevention.
Facilities should be required to replace hazardous chemicals with safer alternatives when feasible, and to justify in detail decisions to not convert when alternatives are available, e ! ective, and a! ordable. $ ese demonstrations should be veri % ed through frequent engagement from knowledgeable inspectors, preferably funded through industry hazard fees to cover the costs of inspections, auditing, air monitoring, and other oversight.
Government agencies should also identify and eliminate regulatory provisions that weaken public protections and R aven Pena (left), Juan Parras, and Yudith A zareth N ieto from Texas E nvironmental Justice A dv ocacy S ervices (t.e.j.a.s.) advocating for safer chemicals in Washingt on, D C.© t.e.j.a.s.

### 42

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# leave us less safe. Some laws actually contribute to the problem. For example, common carrier railroads are

required to carry extremely hazardous cargoes without sharing the costs of enormous potential liabilities with shippers. $ e result is systematic overuse of vulnerable railcars for shipping and storing extremely hazardous substances and unwanted, potentially r uinous liabilities for the railroads. Hazardous chemical facilities are not

required to carry liability insurance commensurate with a worst-case incident, which encourages continued use of the most hazardous chemicals and often results in taxpayer-funded cleanups. It is not common practice for local planners to evaluate vulnerability zones and conduct environmental justice analysis when making decisions to approve new facilities, expand existing sites, or approve housing development, an omission that contributes to the very problems documented in this report.
Local Emergency Planning Committees should be suppor ted and strengthened by ensuring that they have the resources to increase transparency and community engagement, preferably funded through fees paid by the industries creating the hazards.

INFORME D A N D E NG A GE D WORKERS A N D C OMMUN I T I ES 

# Residents and workers exposed to or endangered by hazardous chemicals have a right to know about both the dangers and alternatives. An informed and engaged workforce and public make facilities and communities safer. Access to information about hazards and solutions can help %x problems before a disaster happens. All levels of government should immediately adopt enforceable

requirements for chemical facilities to provide workers, governments, and communities better information about available safer options.
Chemical safety and security programs must disclose basic information about hazardous chemical operations. For instance, disclosing the names and locations of

E xtremely hazardous chemicals are often stored for long periods near homes and schools in unsecur ed rail cars like the ones shown here in Louisville, KY.©ElizabethCrowe

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 43 

# regulated facilities, chemical names and quantities, the status of reporting, status of inspections, notices of violations, and other general information would allow the public to better understand which facilities are following safety rules and which are not. Linking this information through a single facility identi % cation number across all governmental programs would also facilitate e ! ective

oversight by revealing gaps in regulations and de % ciencies in performance. Use of “smart reporting” tools (software that automatically " ags incorrect data entry of information, such as a zip code that does not match an address) would improve the accuracy of company-reported data, including the RMP data used in this report.

$ e Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 took steps tomanage worst-case chemical hazards by requiring companies that use large amounts of certain extremely hazardous substances to prepare Risk Management Plans (RMPs). $ e plans include chemical facility self-assessments of potential worst-case chemical releases, including o ! -site consequences—the vulnerability zone scenarios that inform this report.
In 1999, Congress limited public access to these scenarios, but without adopting policies to reduce vulnerability zones or prevent disasters, despite the fact that industrial facilities are generally already widely known, readily observed, or easily discovered. Chemical disasters, such as the fertilizer facility explosion that devastated West, TX, demonstrate that these potential risks should not be hidden. $ e public, shareholders, and workers have a need and right to be informed about dangers and available means to remove those dangers, to work with experts of their choosing, and to bene % t from informed oversight by government agencies. Excessive secrecy makes government ine ! ective and costs lives in a chemical emergency. Communities and decision-makers at all levels have a right and responsibility to know about hazards and solutions.

THE TI ME FOR ACT I ON I S N O W 

# $ e need for action to prevent a catastrophic chemical disaster is urgent—workers, communities, businesses, and governments face severe potential costs to life, health, and % nances from chemical hazards that are ultimately preventable. Waiting for a catastrophic release is not acceptable. $ e United States must shift its frameworkfrom a risk management regime to a precautionary, prevention-based regime. If not, communities that already bear the brunt of industrial pollution will also bear the greatest harm from a chemical disaster, making this one of the central environmental justice issues of our time.
We demand that the following recommendations be addressed promptly and with concrete actions by the President, Congress, federal agencies, State and local
governments, courts, and the chemical industry:

% Implement national, state, local and industry systems based on prevention and safety (rather thanincident management) that require chemical facilities to use safer chemicals and processes whenever feasible, in order to reduce the frequency and severity of chemical facility releases;

% Prioritize the most endangered and vulnerable populations by passing and implementing laws that protect the health and safety of workers, % rst responders, people of color, low-income communities, women and children, and the communities surrounding these facilities;

% Recognize, implement, and enforce the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to protect communities from the disproportionate impacts of chemical disasters and the lack of appropriate regulations;

% Adopt and strengthen statutes and regulations— including the S ecure Chemical Facilities Act and the Toxic Substances Control Act—to promote chemical safety and uphold the recommendations described in this report;
% Fully implement Executive Order 12898: FederalActions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, and Executive Order 13650: Improving Chemical Facility Safety and Security;

% Require full disclosure to workers and communities of the types and amounts of chemicals stored at facilities and of alternatives that could reduce or

remove hazards.

### 44

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 1 T his r eport uses U

. S

. C ensus da ta, in which “ H ispanic or L atino” refers to a person of C uban, M exican, Puerto Rican, S outh or C entr al A merican, or other S panish culture or origin regardless of race, and “Black or A frican A merican” refers to a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of A frica, inlcuding people who indicated their race(s) as “Black, A frican A merican, or N egro” or reported entries such as A frican A merican, Kenyan, N igerian, or H aitian.

2 F or demogr aphic analysis of populations around some twodozen specific facilities, see also Rick H ind et al, The Danger in Our Backyards (Greenpeace, L os Jar dines I nstitute, E nvironmental Justice and H ealth A lliance for C hemical Policy Reform, and A dv ocates for E nvironmental H uman Rights, January 2013).

3 T he U

. S

. C hemical S afety and H azard I nvestigation Board ( CS B) screened news media reports of 1,275 high consequence incidents over a recent five-year period, 2009–2013. H igh consequence incidents result in injury, fatality, acute environmental damage, evacuation or shelter-in-place of 500 or more members of the public, onsite property damage greater than $500,000,

or o ! site property damage. T he CS B data do not represent the univ erse of all chemical incidents.

4 H enry K. L ee , “Richmond sues C hevron over refinery fire,” San F rancisco Chronicle

, A ugus t 2, 2013, accessed A pril 20, 2014, http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Richmondsues-Che vron-over-refinery-fire-4703370.php

5 R obert D . Bullar d, Ph. D , et al, Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty, 1987–2007 ( U nited C hurch of C hrist Justice and Witness M inistries, M arch 2007). T his s tudy found that over half (56%) of all people living within 3.0 km of a hazardous waste facility in the U

. S . are people of color, and where such facilities are clustered people of color make up over two-thirds (69%). Poverty ratesare also much higher in the areas within 3.0 km of such facilities than nationally (18% vs. 12%).

6 S ee reviews by: (1) L es ter, J.P., D

.W. A llen, and K. M

. H ill. 200 1. Environmental Injustice in the United States: Myths and Realities . Boulder, CO : Westview Press; (2) M ohai, P., and B. Bryant. 1992. “ E nvironmental Racism: Reviewing the E videnc e.” I n B. Bryant and P. M ohai ( E ds.), Race and the Incidence of En vironmental Hazards: A Time for Discourse (163–176). Boulder

, CO : Westview Press; (3) M ohai, P., and R. S aha, 2006. “R eassessing Racial and S ocioeconomic D isparities in E nvironmental Justice Research”. Demography 43(2): 383–399; (4) Ringquist, E . 2005. “A ssessing E videnc e of E nvironmental I nequities: A M eta- A nalysis.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 24(2): 223–247; (5) Goldman, B. A . 1994. Not just prosperity: Achieving sustainability with environmental justice. Washington, DC : N ational Wildlife F eder ation. 

# E N D NOTES

7 A rt L e vine, “ D ick C heney’s D angerous S on-in- L aw: Philip Perry and the politics of chemical security,” The Washington Monthly, M arch 2007.

8 S ee “ O bama and O bama A dminis tration E xamples of S upport for C hemical D isaster Prevention,” accessed A pril 20, 2014,www.documentcloud.org/documents/563364-obama-amphis-administrations-policy-on-chem.html.

9 H ouse, Chemical and Water Security Act of 2009, 111th C ongr ess, 2009–2010, H .R. 2868.

10 S ee for example, U

. S . Government A c countability O " ce, Wastewater Facilities: Experts’ Views on How Federal Funds Should Be Spent to Improve Security, G AO -05-165 (Washington, DC : U

. S . Government Printing O " ce, January 2005).

11 S ee for example, U

. S

. C hemical S afety and H azard I nvestigation Board, Draft Investigation Report: Catastrophic Rupture of Hea t Exchanger (Seven Fatalities), Tesoro Anacortes Refinery, Anacortes, Washington , Report 2010-08- I -W A(January 2014), which among other recommendations calls for the U

. S

. E PA t o “use inherently safer systems analysis and the hierarchy of c ontrols to the greatest extent feasible in establishing saf eguards for identified process hazards.”

12 S ection 112(r) of the C lean A ir A ct A mendments of 1990.

13 U

. S

. E nvironmental Protection A genc y, R M P* N ational D atabase (without OCA D ata), M arch 3, 2014.

14 T he a verage vulnerability zone radius for the 3,433 facilities included in this report is 4.11 miles.

15 T his r eport does not analyze demographic characteristics of employees, contractors, or non-residential o ! -site populations because this information is not included in Risk M anagement Plans or available C ensus inf ormation.

16 S ee for example, U

. S

. C hemical S afety and H azard I nvestigation Board, Investigation Report: E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Belle, West Virginia , Report 2010-6- I -W V( S eptember 2011).

17 S ee for example, U nited S ta tes F ire A dminis tration, T echnical R eport S eries, Massive Leak of Liquefied Chlorine Gas: Henderson, Nevada, USFA-TR-05 (May 6, 1991).

18 S ee for example, U

. S

. C hemical S afety and H azard I nvestigation Board, Final Investigation Report: Pesticide Chemical Runway Reaction Pressure Vessel Explosion (Two Killed, Eight Injured), Bayer CropScience, Institute, West Virginia, Report 2008-08- I

W V(January 2011).

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 45 19 S ee for example, N ational T r ansportation S afety Board, Cargo Hose Rupture and Release of Anhydrous Ammonia During O "oading of a Werner Transportation Services Cargo Tank Mo tor Vehicle at the Tanner Industries Plant, Swansea, South Carolina, July 15, 2009, NTS B/ H Z M -12/01/SUM (2012). I n 2009, a mother died of ammonia poisoning after driving her car into a cloud of anh ydrous ammonia leaking from a T anner I ndustries facility in S w ansea, SC

.

20 O nly 60% of residents heeded siren, phone, and media warnings to stay indoors after an incident at an E quilon oil r efinery;

“ O ne-quarter didn’t obey M artinez refinery warning,” Contra Costa Times
, N ovember 7, 2001.

21 T hese t otals count only once people who live within the vulner ability zones of more than one facility.

22 Av erage individual incomes show a similar proportional decline, from $34,960 in the U

. S ., to $34,043 in the vulnerability zones, and to $27,129 in the fenceline zones.

23 T his r eport lists only the chemical associated with each facility’s largest potential vulnerability zone; covered facilities may hold other chemicals that also pose serious hazards.

24 P aul O rum, Chemical Security 101: What You Don’t Have Can’t L eak, or Be Blown Up by Terrorists ( C ent er for A merican Progress, N ovember 2008).

25 R eece Rushing and Paul O rum, “ L eading Water U tilities S ecure T heir H azards” ( C ent er for A merican Progress, M arch 2010).

26 Rushing and O rum, “ L eading Water U tilities S ecure T heir H azards.”

27 C ommer cial producers of liquid bleach from salt and electricity without bulk transportation and storage of chlorine gas include O dyssey M anufacturing ( T ampa, FL ); Bleach T ech ( S eville, OH and Petersburg, VA ); Kuehne C hemical ( D elaware C ity, DE ); FS TI (Greenville, T X); Buckman’s (Pottstown, PA ); A llied N ew T echnologies, ( F ort Pier ce, FL ); and K I K ( D enver, CO ). I n addition, K2Pure S olutions (Pittsburg, CA ) co-locates with and supplies D ow C hemical eliminating previous deliveries of chlorine b y railcar.

28 Pr evious analysis of vulnerability zones and safer alternatives

a t power plants can be found in Paul O rum, Unnecessary Dangers: Emer gency Chemical Release Hazards at Power Plants (Working Group on C ommunity Right-t o-Know, July 2004).

29 A lex F idis, Pulp Fiction: Chemical Hazard Reduction at Pulp and P aper Mills ( U

. S . Public I nterest Research Group E duca tion F und, A ugus t 2007). 30 O rum, Chemical Security 101.

31 A Risk T oo Great: Hydrofluoric Acid in U.S. Refineries

, U nited S t eelworkers, T on y M azzocchi C ent er, N ew Perspectives C onsulting Gr oup, A pril 2013.

32 O rum, Chemical Security 101.

33 P aul O rum and Reece Rushing, Preventing Toxic Terrorism: Ho w Some Chemical Facilities Are Removing Danger to American Communities ( C ent er for A merican Progress, A pril 2006).

34 Paul O rum, Toxic Trains and the Terrorist Threat: How Water Utilities Can Get Chlorine Gas O ! the Rails and Out of American Communities ( C ent er for A merican Progress, A pril 2007).

35 Ca tastrophe, Injury, and Insurance: The Impact of Catastrophes on Workers Compensation, Life, and Health Insurance (Risk M anagement S olutions, I nc., 2004).

36 O rum and Rushing, Preventing Toxic Terrorism.

37 T he S ecure C hemical F acilities A ct ( S .68) would require chemical f acilities to document: “the technical feasibility, costs, avoided costs (including liabilities), personnel implications,

sa vings and applicability of implementing each method to

r educe the consequences of a terrorist attack.” T he S ecure Water F acilities A ct ( S .67) proposes parallel language for water and wastewater facilities to review the feasibility and “costs (including capital and operational costs) and avoided costs (including savings and liabilities) associated with applying each method to reduce the consequences of a chemical release....”

38 P ollution Prevention A ct of 1990 , 42 U

. S

. C . § 13101.

39 S enate C ommitt ee on E nvironment and Public Works, Report on the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, 106th Congress

, S . Report 101-228, at 209 (2000).

40 “ N ormal accidents” are considered inevitable, especially in complex environments, since the interaction of multiple small failures foils even the most e ! ective conventional safety

arr angements. S ee C harles Perrow, Normal Accidents: Living With High Risk Technologies (Princeton U niversity Press, 1999).

41 T he OSHA E xplosives and Blasting A gents S tandar d (1910.109(i)) and N ational F ire Protection A ssociation codes are among relevant standards that do not prohibit conditions found at West F ertiliz er and many similar facilities.

### 46

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

## A PPEN DI X A 

# METHO D OLOGY 

# T his report investigates the demographic composition of populations residing within vulnerability zone distances that are self-reported to the EPA’s Risk Management Plan (RMP) program by facilities in several industry groups. $is program requires facilities that produce, handle, process, distribute, or store threshold amounts of certain extremely hazardous toxic or " ammable chemicals to submit an RMP that includes a vulnerability zone analysis (more generally called an

“o ! site consequences analysis”) for a worst-case release of one of these chemicals.

$ e vulnerability zone is a circular area with a radius extending between 0.01 and 25 miles from the facility. $ e size of the zone depends on the quantity and characteristics of the chemical. EPA de % nes the general methods that facilities subject to RMP requirements (RMP facilities) must use in determining vulnerability zone size or distance (radius), but companies can use any credible modeling method that follows the EPA guidelines.

$ e most common methods used by RMP facilities to determine vulnerability zone distances include EPA guidance reference tables or equations, dispersion models such as Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) or Dense Gas Dispersion (DEGADIS), and EPA’s RMP*Comp planning program. a 

# RMP facilities determine vulnerability zones based on the largest potential chemical release from a single vessel or process under conditions that result in the maximum possible a!ected area. Worstcase scenarios apply to residential populations only (i.e., they do not include people who visit, work, shop, recreate, or worship in the zones) and are not forecasts of potentialcasualties. All people living or working within vulnerability zones are at risk of serious harm, but actual impacts of a release would vary due to weather, wind direction, distance from the facility, and activities nearby populations were engaged in at the time.
We obtained RMP program and facility identi % cation data other than vulnerability zone information in an electronic %le through a Freedom of Information Act request to the U.S. EPA. Members of the public can also identify RMP facilities by using RTKNET, a project of the Center for E! ective Government, at www.rtknet.org/db/rmp . How

ever, o ! -site consequences analysis portions of the RMPs(including the vulnerability zone distance and the chemical that is the basis of the worst-case release scenario) are only available to the public in a restricted manner through designated federal reading rooms. b

# We gathered this RMP data (presented in Appendix C) in standardized notes made through multiple visits to the federal reading

rooms within the last %ve years.
We used RMP data that companies had submitted to EP A current as of December 27, 2013. Companies submit RMPs on an ongoing basis, at a minimum every %ve years or when there are signi % cant changes to the chemical hazards that make a facility subject to the RMP program. For this reason, we did not include 66 facilities that had RMP

a R M P dispersion modeling methods are described in U nited S ta tes E nvironmental Protection A genc y, O " ce of S olid Waste and E mergency Response, Risk Management Program Guidance for O ! site Consequence Analysis

, E PA550-B-99-009 (Washington, DC : U

. S . Government Printing O " ce, M arch 2009).
b F or inf ormation on accessing R M P data through the federal reading rooms, see www.epa.gov/oem/content/rmp/readingroom.htm

. 

# R I SK M A N A GEMENT P L A N 

# (RMP) facilities determine vulnerability zones based on the largest potential chemical release from a single vessel or process under conditions that result in the maximum possible a! ected area.

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 47 cT he nine f acilities for which we did not rely on plainly erroneous latitude-longitude data and instead used the facility street address were: T esor o H awaii C orpor ation- Refinery (R M P ID 100000034107); C hevron E l S egundo Refinery (100000101454); WJ CM W D , Water T r eatment Plant (100000197761); T otal P etrochemicals & Refining U

. S

. A

. I nc. (100000159286); Keegan Bayou Wastewater T r eatment Plant (100000053354); D ’ I berville Wastewater T r eatment Plant (100000053498); L ong Beach/P ass C hristian T r eatment Plant (100000050437); S outh Gulfport Wastewater T r eatment Plant (100000050614); and West Biloxi Wastewater T r eatment Plant (100000049814).
d We obtained the C ensus da ta tables through D ata F err ett at http://thedataweb.rm.census.gov/TheDataWeb/launchDFA.html

e C ensus tr act boundaries used part of the ES R I A rcG IS D esktop A dv anced 10.2 software. 

# re-submissions overdue by six months or more. We also did not include RMP facilities in Puerto Rico or U.S. T

erritories.
Our facility selection criteria were:

1. Facilities that belong to the following industry sectors: potable water treatment, wastewater treatment,

commercial bleach manufacturing, electric power production, petroleum re % ning, pulp and paper production, and chemical manufacturing. We included these industry sectors because of their diversity and varied dispersion patterns.

2. Facilities that self-reported in their RMP having 100,000 or more people living within their vulnerability zones, regardless of industry sector. W e included these facilities regardless of industry type because they pose dangers to relatively large populations.
We applied our selection criteria using the following procedures:

% We identi % ed facilities in the industry sectors other than chemical manufacturing primarily based ontheir self-reported North American Industry Classi % cation System (NAICS) codes, and secondarilybased on facility name or other descriptive information. In some cases, facilities reported more than one industrial activity , in which case we relied on the facility ’s primary reported industrial activity.

% We identi % ed facilities belonging to the chemical manufacturing industry based on company facilities’membership in the two primary chemical manufacturing industry trade associations: the American Chemistry Council (ACC) and the Society of Chemical Manufacturers and A#liates (SOCMA). $ ese trade associations represent companies that produce the bulk of basic and specialty chemicals in the U.S. We identi % ed ACC and SOCMA members by comparing RMP facility names, parent companies, and Dun and Bradstreet numbers to companies listed on the associations’ websites through December 28, 2013. In some cases it was di # cult to determinewhether a particular facility is covered by trade association membership. A weakness of these industry programs is that they identify member companiesbut not directly member facilities. In addition, companies may have changed name or ownership but failed to update EPA registrations as required. In ambiguous cases, we used our best judgment basedon parent company information. Collectively, facilities belonging to those trade associations comprisedwhat this report refers to as the chemical manufacturing sector.

% As noted above, we used information from company RMPs that we gathered from federal reading rooms to identify facilities that reported 100,000 or more people living within their vulnerability zones.
After identifying facilities that met the above selection criteria and gathering RMP data for the facilities, we used facilities’ self-reported latitude-longitude data to establishfacility locations and mapped them using Geographic Information System (GIS) software (ESRI ArcGIS Desktop Advanced 10.2). We corrected location data only for ninefacilities that had obviously inaccurate geographic coordinates that placed the facility in the ocean. c

# We otherwise relied on latitude-longitude location data directly as reported by the facilities in their RMPs.
We used the most recent Census tract-level population data covering the entire country (2008–2012 AmericanCommunity Survey 5-Year Estimates) to calculate the demographic composition of the populations living within vulnerability zones. d

# To do so we used the same method used in Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty, known as the areal apportionment method. $ is method involves using GIS to intersect the 2010 Census tract boundaries e

# with the circles that de % ne facility vulnerability zones, and then summing the population living in any tract that lies

### 48

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# entirely within the vulnerability zone with estimates of the population in any tract that lies partially within the zone. f 

# For the latter type of tract, the proportion of the tract areawithin the vulnerability zone is used to estimate the population of the partially intersected tract, whereby the population is estimated by multiplying the proportion of the area of the tract within the vulnerability zone distance times the total population for the tract. For example, if 30% of the area of the tract lies within that distance, then 30% of the population is estimated to live within that distance. S imilar apportioning was used to estimate tract subpopulations, for example, the number of people of di ! erent races in vulnerability zones. $ is method estimates the population living in these circular areas that do not directly correspond with the shapes of Census tracts. It assumes that the population is evenly distributed throughout the tract and has been shown to yield reliable and consistent results for distances of about a half mile

or more (Mohai and Saha 2007).
For the vulnerability zone population estimates, we used the following tables from the 2008–2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates:

% Average home value—Table B25080, Aggregate Value (Dollars) by Units in Structure;

% Mean household income—Table B19025, Aggregate Household Income in the Past 12 Months;

% Race and ethnicity —Table B03002, Hispanic or Latino O rigin by Race;

% Educational attainment levels—Table B15003, Educational Attainment for the Population 25 Years and Over;

% Poverty rates—Table B17001, Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months by Sex and Age.
Demographic data for individual facility vulnerability zones presented in Appendix C may di !er from population data that facilities self-report to EPA in their RMPs, which may have been determined using di ! erent methods or earlier Census data sets. W e also used the areal apportionment method to estimate the population characteristics of areas closest to potential harm, i.e., areas within one-tenth of the distance of the full vulnerability zones. We call these high-risk areas the “fenceline zones.”
We used the same method to determine the demographic composition of vulnerability zones of facilities belonging to various industry sectors. However, if the vulnerability zones of di ! erent facilities in the same sector overlapped, their boundaries were merged, the merged boundaries were intersected with Census tract boundaries, and the areal apportionment method was applied to the intersected tracts (Table 1 and Tables 7–13). $is procedure prevented any double counting of people living in vulnerability zones of two or more facilities within a sector. Similar merging of vulnerability zones of all facilities prevented double counting in our national level % ndings (Tables 2–6). IF THE V ULNER A B I L I TY Z ONES 

# of di ! erent facilities in the same sector overlapped, their boundaries were merged, the merged boundaries were intersected with Census tract boundaries, and the areal apportionment method was applied to the intersected tracts. $ is procedure prevented any double counting of people living in vulnerability zones of two or more facilities within a sector.

fA n A lbers geographic projection was used for digitized C ensus tr acts boundaries and circular bu ! ers of vulnerability zones.

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 49 

## A PPEN DI X B



# “ S HELTER I N P L A CE” W ON’T P ROTECT U S T I MEL I NE WORKSHEET

People who live near chemical facilities are often told to “shelter in place” in the event of a hazardous chemical release. $ at means go indoors, close doors, windows, and vents, and wait for toxic fumes to blow away. But a simple timeline analysis shows that shelter in place can’t possibly protect numerous people nearby.
1. How long will it take (in minutes) for:

% $ e company to % nd a chemical leak?

_______ (minutes)

% $ e company to decide to report the leak?

_______ (minutes)

% $ e company to notify the % re department?

_______ (minutes)

% $ e % re chief to arrive at the scene?

_______ (minutes)

% $ e % re chief to order protective action?

_______ (minutes)

% Emergency responders to fully notify the public?

_______ (minutes)

% W orkers and neighbors to shelter or evacuate?

_______ (minutes)

% All of these events added together?

_______ (minutes)

2. H ow long will it take (in minutes) for:

% A toxic cloud (or blast wave) to reach nearby homes, schools, businesses, eldercare facilities, places of worship, sports arenas, hospitals, or automobiles? _______ (minutes)

% T oxic gases to %lter into places where people shelter in place?

_______ (minutes)

% $ e company to stop the chemical leak—if it can?

_______ (minutes)

3. G iven these estimates, how big is the “fenceline zone” where neither sheltering nor evacuation will protect people in a major release?

_______ (miles) And, if shelter in place won ’t work, by when and how will the company reduce or eliminate the chemical hazard at the source?

_______ (date)

### 50

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

## A PPEN DI X C 

# VULNER A B I L I T Y Z O N E S O F 3,433 C HEM I C A L FA C I L I T I E S

$ is table presents basic information about the Vulnerability Zones of 3,433 facilities that produce, handle, process, distribute, or store more than a threshold amount of certain extremely hazardous substances. Basic facility and vulnerability zone information is self-reported to EPA by the companies in Risk Management Plans. We calculated the population in each Vulnerability Zone based on a standardized method using U.S. Census Bureau data. S ee “Appendix A: Methodology” for a complete description of the methods used to research the information presented in this table.
Facilities in the table appear in order by State, then County, then City. Most information in the table— including Facility Name, State, County, City, and Facility Type—is self-explanatory.

PA RENT C OMP A N I ES 

# If the facility self-reports that it is owned or controlled by another entity, that “parent company” is listed here. I f the parent company is owned or controlled by yet another company or division, this “second parent company” is listed and marked with an asterisk. “Parent Company” is the term used by the U.S. EPA even when the parent is a city , county, or other public entity.

C HEM I C A L 

# $ e speci % c chemical that is the basis of the facility’s worst-case release scenario, but facilities may store or use other hazardous chemicals as well.

VULNER A B I L I TY ZONE MI LES 

# $ e range of a potential worst-case chemical release in miles. $ e distance indicated is a radius (or circle) around the facility . See Box 1 and Figure 3 on page 11 for a more detailed explanation and depiction of Vulnerability Zones.

VULNER A B I L I TY ZONE C ENSUS P OPUL A T I ON 

# $ e residential population within the Vulnerability Zone, based on U.S. Census data. $ ese % gures are not forecasts of potential casualties.

A sample page of the data table appears in the printed version of the report.

P D F s of the c omplete report and the 143-page table are available online at www.EJ4All.org/whos-in-danger-report

.

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 51 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

A L A S K A

P yramid Water Treatment Plant City of Unalaska AK Aleutians West Census Area Unalaska Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 <10

International Station Power Plant Chugach Electric Association, Inc. AK Anchorage Municipality Anchorage Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 371

John M. Asplund Wastewater Treatment Facility Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility Municipality of Anchorage* AK Anchorage Municipality Anchorage Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 2,300

Univar Anchorage Univar USA, Inc. AK Anchorage Municipality Anchorage Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.80 5,013

Flint Hills Resources Alaska, LLC Flin t Hills Resources, LP AK Fairbanks North Star Borough North Pole Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.40 160

Kenai R efinery Tesoro Petroleum Corporation Tesoro Alaska Company* AK Kenai Peninsula Borough Kenai Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.20 284

Petro Star Valdez Refinery AK Valdez–Cordova Census Area Valdez Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.07 <10

A L A B AMA

T enaska Central Alabama Generating Station Tenaska Alabama II Partners LP AL Autauga County Billingsley Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.10 1,814

Tenaska L indsay Hill Generating Station Tenaska Alabama Partners, LP AL Autauga County Billingsley Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.10 1,833

E. B . Harris Elec tric Generating Plant Southern Power Company Southern Company* AL Autauga County Prattville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.30 1,137

Georgia Pacific Consumer Products L P, Naheola Mill Georgia Pacific LLC AL Choctaw County Pennington Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 36,725

B oise White Paper, L LC Boise, Inc. AL Clarke County Jackson Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 9.50 8,268

Cherokee Nitrogen Company ThermoClime, Inc. AL Colbert County Cherokee Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 161,239

Harcros Chemcials Inc. – Muscle Shoals Harcros Chemicals Inc. AL Colbert County Muscle Shoals Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 117,593

James A. Vann, Jr. Power Plant PowerSouth Energy Cooperative, Inc. AL Covington County Andalusia Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 29

Cullman Water Treatment Plant The Utilities Board of the City of Cullman, Alabama AL Cullman County Cullman Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,745

Ozark Southside WWTP AL Dale County Ozark Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,082

International Paper Riverdale Mill International Paper AL Dallas County Selma Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 6.80 6,361

Fort Payne Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Fort Payne, Alabama AL DeKalb County Fort Payne Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,734

Wilako Wastewater Treatment Plant Water & Sewer Board of the City of Wetumpka AL Elmore County Wetumpka Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,379

Five Star Water Supply District AL Elmore County Wetumpka Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,915

Georgia–Pacific B rewton LLC Geor gia–Pacific LLC AL Escambia County Brewton Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 12.00 17,461

West River Wastewater Treatment Plant Gadsden Water Works and Sewer Board AL Etowah County Gadsden Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.86 7,880

East River Wastewater Treatment Plant Gadsden Water Works and Sewer Board AL Etowah County Gadsden Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.05 8,644 *

* Residential population within the facility’s V ulner ability Zone. T hese figur es are not forecasts of potential casualties.

### 52

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population 6th Street Pump Station Gadsden Water Works and Sewer Board AL Etowah County Gadsden Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.60 9,198

Water Treatment Plant Gadsden Water Works and Sewer Board AL Etowah County Gadsden Water treatment Chlorine 1.82 9,733

H.E. Neal III Water Filtration Plant Russellville Water and Sewer Board AL Franklin County Russellville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 818

Dothan Utilities Water/Electric Complex City of Dothan, Alabama AL Houston County Dothan Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 201

Dothan Utilities Omussee Creek WWTP City of Dothan, Alabama AL Houston County Dothan Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.20 5,161

Dothan Utilities L ittle Choctawhatchee WWTP City of Dothan, Alabama AL Houston County Dothan Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.20 13,116

Dothan Utilities B eaver Creek WWTP City of Dothan, Alabama AL Houston County Dothan Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.20 30,663

North Sauty Creek Water Treatment Plant Scottsboro Water, Sewer & Gas Board AL Jackson County Scottsboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 2,655

Skinny Jones Water Filtration Plant Scottsboro Water, Sewer and Gas Board AL Jackson County Scottsboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 5,010

TVA – Widows Creek Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority AL Jackson County Stevenson Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.30 1,761

B essemer Water Filtration Facility GUSC of the City of Bessemer, Inc. AL Je ! erson County Bessemer Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 144

Donald M. Reed Filter Plant Warrior River Water Authority AL Je ! erson County Bessemer Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 226

Village Creek WWTP Je ! erson County Commission AL Je ! erson County Birmingham Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,299

Western Filter Plant Birmingham Water Works Board City of Birmingham* AL Je ! erson County Birmingham Water treatment Chlorine 2.63 34,480

Putnam Filter Plant Birmingham Water Works Board AL Je ! erson County Birmingham Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 37,357

B ermco Aluminum Berman Brothers Iron and Metal Company, Inc. AL Je ! erson County Birmingham Secondary aluminum smelting Chlorine 4.30 124,684

Carson Filter Plant Birmingham Water Works Board City of Birmingham* AL Je ! erson County Pinson Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 17,075

J. H. Miller Electric Generating Plant Alabama Power Company Southern Company* AL Je ! erson County Quinton Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.90 1,062

Wilson L ake Water Treatment Plant AL Lauderdale County Florence Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 22,485

Cypress Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant AL Lauderdale County Florence Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.20 24,388

Cypress Creek Water Treatment Plant AL Lauderdale County Florence Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 26,948

International Paper – Courtland Mill International Paper Company AL Lawrence County Courtland Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 9.34 14,919

Plant Franklin Combined Cycle Units Southern Power Company Southern Company* AL Lee County Smiths Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.30 2,959

SA B IC Innovative Plastics – B urkville SABIC Innovative Plastics Holding US LP AL Lowndes County Burkville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 10.65 28,721

Spring B ranch Wastewater Treatment Plant AL Madison County Huntsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,547

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 53 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Aldridge Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant AL Madison County Huntsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,199

Southwest Water Treatment Facility City of Huntsville, dba Huntsville Utilities AL Madison County Madison Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,101

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. AL Madison County Madison Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 6,757

U.S. Army Garrison – Redstone Arsenal (WTP 3) AL Madison County Redstone Arsenal Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 158

ISP Chemicals LLC ISP Chemc o LLC AL Madison County Redstone Arsenal Basic chemicals – ACC Iron, pentacarbonyl– 1.90 337

U.S. Army Garrison – Redstone Arsenal (WTP 1) AL Madison County Redstone Arsenal Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,774

Demopolis Mill Rock–Tenn Mill Company, LLC AL Marengo County Demopolis Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 19.00 25,472

The Upper B ear Creek Water Filter Plant AL Marion County Bear Creek Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 1,390

Albertville Waste Water Treatment Plant Albertville Municipal Utilities Board AL Marshall County Albertville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.96 993

Albertville Water Plant AL Marshall County Albertville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,854

Sunset Water Treatment Facility Guntersville Water and Sewer Board AL Marshall County Guntersville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 2,375

Arab Water Treatment Plant Water Works Board of the City of Arab AL Marshall County Guntersville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,894

Arkema Inc. – Mobile Facility Arkema Delware Inc. AL Mobile County Axis Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 0.70 76

Dupont – Mobile Plant E. I. duPont de Nemours Company AL Mobile County Axis Basic chemicals – ACC Phosgene 25.00 369,780

L eMoyne Site Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc. AL Mobile County Axis Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 524,151

B arry S team Electric Generating Plant Alabama Power Company Southern Company* AL Mobile County Bucks Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.00 4,208

Shell Chemical L P (Mobile Site) Shell Chemical LP AL Mobile County Mobile Petroleum refinery, ACC Butane 0.76 60

Clifton C. Williams Wastewater Treatment Facility Mobile Area Water and Sewer System AL Mobile County Mobile Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,452

Harry E. Myers Water Filtration Facility Mobile Area Water and Sewer System AL Mobile County Mobile Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,248

E. Morgan Stickney Water Filtration Plant Mobile Area Water and Sewer System AL Mobile County Mobile Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,063

Wright Smith, Jr. Wastewater Treatment Facility Mobile Area Water and Sewer System AL Mobile County Mobile Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,521

DPC Enterprises, L .P. AL Mobile County Mobile Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 378,049

Praxair – Theodore, A L Pr axair, Inc. AL Mobile County Theodore Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.20 30

Mitsubishi Polycrystalline Silicon America Corp Mitsubishi Materials Corp AL Mobile County Theodore Basic chemicals – ACC Trichlorosilane 0.30 67

Theodore Cogeneration Plant Alabama Power Company Southern Company* AL Mobile County Theodore Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.25 1,080

Evonik Degussa Corporation Evonik Degussa AL Mobile County Theodore Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Chlorine 25.00 512,375

### 54

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Alabama River Cellulose LLC Koch Industries Inc. AL Monroe County Perdue Hill Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 24.00 39,421

Catoma Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP) Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board AL Montgomery County Montgomery Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,099

C. T. Perry Water Treatment Plant Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board AL Montgomery County Montgomery Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 2,986

Day Street Pumping Station Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board AL Montgomery County Montgomery Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,976

Econchate Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP) Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board AL Montgomery County Montgomery Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 9,830

Decatur – 3M Company AL Morgan County Decatur Basic chemicals – ACC Vinylidene chloride 0.20 21

L inde Gas LLC Linde A G AL Morgan County Decatur Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 0.35 170

Decatur Utilities Dry Creek Wastewater Plant City of Decatur AL Morgan County Decatur Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,033

Decatur Utilities Water Plant AL Morgan County Decatur Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,798

Morgan Energy Center LLC C alpine Corporation AL Morgan County Decatur Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 4,885

Decatur Energy Center, LLC C alpine Corporation AL Morgan County Decatur Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 16,008

Daikin America, Inc. (2006 Renewal) AL Morgan County Decatur Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 306,076

Ascend – Decatur Plant Ascend Performance Materials, LLC. AL Morgan County Decatur Basic chemicals – ACC Propionitrile 22.00 308,258

Meadwestvaco Coated B oard MeadWestvaco Corporation AL Russell County Cottonton Pulp and paper, ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.30 <10

Phenix City Wastewater Treatment Plant Phenix City Utilities AL Russell County Phenix City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,642

Shelby County South Water Treatment Plant Shelby County Commision AL Shelby County Wilsonville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 433

E. C. Gaston Electric Generating Plant Alabama Power Company Southern Electric Generating Company* AL Shelby County Wilsonville Electric power generation Chlorine 1.90 1,049

L ake Howard Water Treatment Plant Utilities Board City of Sylacauga AL Talladega County Sylacauga Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,484

J. E. Ham WWTP Utilities Board City of Sylacauga AL Talladega County Sylacauga Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 8,737

Hillabee Power Plant CER Generation, LLC AL Tallapoosa County Alexander City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 2,658

Northport Water Treatment Plant The City of Northport AL Tuscaloosa County Northport Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,176

Northport Wastewater Treatment Plant The City of Northport, Alabama AL Tuscaloosa County Northport Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,285

Hunt Refining Company, A Corporation Hunt Capital Corporation AL Tuscaloosa County Tuscaloosa Petroleum refinery Butane 0.50 353

Jasper Wastewater Treatment Plant Jasper Waterworks and Sewer Board AL Walker County Jasper Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 6,295

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 55 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Gorgas Electric Generating Plant Alabama Power Company Southern Company* AL Walker County Parrish Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.00 4,653

Charles R. L owman Power Plant PowerSouth Energy Cooperative, Inc. AL Washington County Leroy Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 5,835

Praxair – McIntosh, A L Pr axair, Inc. AL Washington County McIntosh Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.80 61

B ASF Corporation – McIntosh Plant BASF Corporation AL Washington County McIntosh Basic chemicals – ACC Phosphorus trichloride 2.70 654

Olin Corp. McIntosh, Alabama Plant Olin Corp. AL Washington County McIntosh Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 75,736

A R K ANS A S
Geor gia–Pacific LLC – C rossett Paper Operations Georgia–Pacific Holdings LLC AR Ashley County Crossett Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 24.00 35,881

Robert E. Hurst Water Treatment Plant AR Baxter County Mountain Home Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 268

Mountain Home Wastewater Treatment Plant AR Baxter County Mountain Home Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,798

B eaver Water District Water Treatment Facility Beaver Water District AR Benton County Lowell Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 17,384

B enton/Washington Regional Public Water Authority AR Benton County Rogers Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,266

Daniels Water Treatment Plant City of Siloam Springs AR Benton County Siloam Springs Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 12,625

Carroll– B oone Freeman Raney Water Treatment Plant Carroll–Boone Water District AR Carroll County Eureka Springs Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,086

Community Water System AR Cleburne County Greers Ferry Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 43

Magnolia Wastewater Treatment Plant Magnolia Wastewater System City of Magnolia* AR Columbia County Magnolia Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,905

Sterling L acy Water Purification Plant Magnolia Municipal Water System AR Columbia County Magnolia Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,236

Albemarle Corporation South Plant Albemarle Corporation AR Columbia County Magnolia Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 21,421

Albemarle Corporation West Plant Albemarle Corporation AR Columbia County Magnolia Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 21,873

Conway County Regional Water Distribution District AR Conway County Plumerville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 85

CW L– Commerce Pumping Station City Water and Light AR Craighead County Jonesboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,595

CW L–Eas t Side Wastewater Treatment Facility City Water and Light AR Craighead County Jonesboro Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,246

CW L
–West Side Wastewater Treatment Plant City Water and Light AR Craighead County Jonesboro Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 21,791

CW L
–Airport Pumping Station City Water and Light AR Craighead County Jonesboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 25,282

CW L–Rac e Street Pumping Station City Water and Light AR Craighead County Jonesboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 27,712

### 56

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
CW L– Medallion Pumping Station City Water and Light AR Craighead County Jonesboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 31,399

L ake Fort Smith Water Treatment Plant City of Fort Smith AR Crawford County Mountainburg Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 933

L ee C reek Water Treatment Facility City of Fort Smith AR Crawford County Van Buren Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,765

B ASF Corporation BASF Corporation AR Crittenden County West Memphis Basic chemicals – ACC Methyl chloride 2.50 2,985

Clearwater Paper Corporation – Cypress B end Mill Clearwater Paper Corporation AR Desha County Arkansas City Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 11.00 5,508

Roger Q. Mills Water Treatment Plant AR Faulkner County Conway Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 18,889

Tucker Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant AR Faulkner County Conway Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 26,823

Stone Dam Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant AR Faulkner County Conway Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 27,497

L akeside Water Treatment Plant Hot Springs Utility, Department, AR AR Garland County Hot Springs Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 892

Hot Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Hot Springs AR Garland County Hot Springs Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,240

Ouachita Water Treatment Plant City of Hot Springs Utilities, AR AR Garland County Mountain Pine Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 166

Wastewater Treatment Plant Paragould Light and Water Commission AR Greene County Paragould Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 14,396

Water Treatment Plant Paragould Light and Water Commission AR Greene County Paragould Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 15,917

Turk Power Plant SWEPCO AR Hempstead County Fulton Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.67 119

Momentive Speciality Chemicals Inc. Momentive Speciality Chemicals Holdings LLC AR Hempstead County Hope Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 6.30 7,559

Magnet Cove Generating Station Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corporation AR Hot Spring County Malvern Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.50 522

Nashville Water Treatment Plant City of Nashville, Arkansas AR Howard County Nashville Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 4,748

B a tesville Water Treatment Plant Batesville water Utilities AR Independence County Batesville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 446

FutureFuel Chemical Company FutureFuel Corp. AR Independence County Batesville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 32,667

Evergreen Packaging – Pine B lu !Mill Evergreen Packaging AR Je ! erson County Pine Blu ! Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 10.06 45,274

Texarkana Water Utility Millwood Water Plant City of Texarkana, Arkansas AR Little River County Ashdown Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 1,836

Domtar A.W. LLC Ashdown Mill Domtar Corporation AR Little River County Ashdown Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 140,595

B lytheville Waterworks City of Blytheville AR Mississippi County Blytheville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,254

Plum Point Energy Station Plum Point Energy Associates, LLC et al AR Mississippi County Osceola Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 2,538

Camden Water Treatment Plant Camden Water Utilities AR Ouachita County Camden Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,944

Irons Fork Water Treatment Facility Mena Water Utilities AR Polk County Mena Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 275

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 57 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Atkins Water Treatment Plant City Of Atkins Water Works AR Pope County Pottsville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 255

Russellville Pollution Control Works Russellville Water & Sewer System City Corporation* AR Pope County Russellville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,611

Fourche Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Little Rock Wastewater AR Pulaski County Little Rock Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 1,965

White Oak B a you Treatment Plant North Little Rock Waste Water Utility AR Pulaski County North Little Rock Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 55,519

B enton Water Treatment Plant Benton Utilities AR Saline County Benton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 17,024

Hot Springs Village POA Water Plant Hot Springs Village POA AR Saline County Hot Springs Village Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,668

P Street Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Fort Smith AR Sebastian County Fort Smith Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 39,679

L ion Oil Company AR Union County El Dorado Petroleum refinery Chlorine 1.30 3,724 Mount Holly Water Treatment Plant AR Union County El Dorado Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,269

Champagnolle Water Treatment Plant AR Union County El Dorado Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,622

El Dorado Chemical Company LSB Chemical Corporation AR Union County El Dorado Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 53,882

Great L akes Chemical, South Plant Chemtura AR Union County El Dorado Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 56,187

DuPont El Dorado Plant E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. AR Union County El Dorado Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 56,216

Great L akes Chemical, Central Plant Chemtura AR Union County El Dorado Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 56,232

Great L akes Chemical, West Plant Chemtura AR Union County Magnolia Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 71,926

Springdale Water Utilities AR Washington County Springdale Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 36,729

Searcy Water Treatment Plant Searcy Water Utilities AR White County Searcy Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,221

Searcy Wastewater Treatment Plant Searcy Water Utilities AR White County Searcy Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,574

A RIZONA Springerville Generating Station Tucson Electric Power Company AZ Apache County Springerville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 1,017

Wildcat Hill Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Flagsta !AZ Coconino County Flagsta ! Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 15,460

L ake Mary Water Treatment Plant City of Flagsta !AZ Coconino County Flagsta ! Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 23,643

Arizona Public Service Company Redhawk Power Plant Pinnacle West Capital Corporation AZ Maricopa County Arlington Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 16

Mesquite Generating Station Mesquite Power, LLC AZ Maricopa County Arlington Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 488

Fountain Hills Wastewater Treatment Plant AZ Maricopa County Fountain Hills Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,035

Town of Gilbert Water Treatment Plant AZ Maricopa County Gilbert Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 17,335

### 58

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Pyramid Peak Water Treatment Plant City of Glendale AZ Maricopa County Glendale Water treatment Chlorine 2.25 19,665

Cholla Water Treatment Plant City of Glendale Utilities Department AZ Maricopa County Glendale Water treatment Chlorine 1.33 30,912

DPC Enterprises, L .P. AZ Maricopa County Glendale Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,956,553

Val Vista Water Treatment Plant City of Phoenix, Water Services Department AZ Maricopa County Mesa Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,480

MGC Pure Chemicals America, Inc. Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. AZ Maricopa County Mesa Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 9,077

B rown Road Water Treatment Plant City of Mesa AZ Maricopa County Mesa Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,195

L ake Pleasant Water Treatment Plant City of Phoenix AZ Maricopa County Peoria Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 326

City of Peoria, Greenway Water Treatment Plant AZ Maricopa County Peoria Water treatment Chlorine 2.90 105,067

APS West Phoenix Power Plant Pinnacle West Capital Corporation AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 13

Univar USA Inc. Univar USA Inc. AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 0.60 861

Union Hills Water Treatment Plant City of Phoenix, Water Services Department AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,393

23rd Avenue Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Phoenix AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,040

24th Street Water Treatment Plant City of Phoenix, Water Services Department AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,138

64th Street Reservoir (1–ES1, 2C– B 1, 3 B
– B 1) City of Phoenix, Water Services Department AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 9,100

Deer Valley Water Treatment Plant City of Phoenix, Water Services Department AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 15,616

Air Products and Chemicals – Phoenix, AZ Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Basic chemicals – ACC Arsine 1.60 17,188

L inde – Phoenix Linde, Inc. AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 2.40 68,411

Hill B rothers Chemical Co. – Phoenix Facility 2006 Hill Brothers Chemical Co. AZ Maricopa County Phoenix Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,977,071

Verde Water Treatment Plant City of Phoenix, Water Services Department AZ Maricopa County Scottsdale Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 67

Tolleson Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Tolleson AZ Maricopa County Tolleson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.00 7,921

91st Avenue WWTP City of Phoenix, Water Services Department AZ Maricopa County Tolleson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 18,206

Gri " th Energy LLC Gri " th Ener gy LLC Gri " th Energy LLC* AZ Mohave County Golden Valley Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.40 174

Praxair Distribution, Inc – K ingman, AZ Praxair, Inc. AZ Mohave County Kingman Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 95

Honeywell K ingman Facility Honeywell International AZ Mohave County Kingman Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 5.10 20,395

L ake Havasu City Public Works Department AZ Mohave County Lake Havasu City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,926

South Point Energy Center Calpine Corporation AZ Mohave County Mohave Valley Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 5,663

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 59 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

Hasa Inc AZ Pinal County Eloy Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 65,331

Yuma Main Street Treatment Plant City of Yuma Public Works Dept.* AZ Yuma County Yuma Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 <10

Yuma Desalting Plant U.S. Bureau of Reclamation AZ Yuma County Yuma Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,543

C A L IFORNIA

B a yer HealthCare LLC – B erkeley Site Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals CA Alameda County Berkeley Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 0.40 1,582

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. – Fremont Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. CA Alameda County Fremont Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.08 <10

Fremont EMC / Electronics Air Liquide Electronics U.S. LP CA Alameda County Fremont Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 0.40 129

Russell City Energy Company, LLC CA Alameda C ounty Hayward Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.01 <10

Rohm and Haas – Hayward Plant Rohm and Haas Company CA Alameda County Hayward Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.73 628

Altamont L andfill and Resource Recovery Facility Waste Management LNG, Inc. High Mountain Fuels, LLC* CA Alameda County Unincorp Alameda Co Basic chemicals – ACC Methane 0.50 26

City Of Jackson CA Amador County Jackson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 576

PID Water Treatment Plant CA Butte County Magalia Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,535

SC – OR Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Butte County Oroville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,941

Miners Ranch Water Treatment Plant South Feather Water & Power Agency CA Butte County Oroville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,597

Je !Davis Reservoir Water Treatment Plant Calaveras Public Utiltity District CA Calaveras County Glencoe Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 59

Gateway Generating Station Pacific Gas and Electric CA Contra Costa County Antioch Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.30 21,568

Antioch Water Treatment Plant City of Antioch CA Contra Costa County Antioch Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 29,937

Air Products, Martinez–Tesoro Air Products and Chemincals, Inc. CA Contra Costa County Martinez Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

Air Products Martinez–Shell Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. CA Contra Costa County Martinez Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 17

Shell Chemical L P – Martinez Catayst Plant Shell Chemical LP CA Contra Costa County Martinez Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylenediamine 0.10 17

Shell Oil Products US, Martinez Refinery Shell Oil Products US CA Contra Costa County Martinez Petroleum refinery Isopentane 1.72 17,289

Solvay, Martinez Plant Solvay USA Inc. CA Contra Costa County Martinez Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 42,597

Tesoro Golden Eagle Refinery Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company LLC CA Contra Costa County Martinez Petroleum refinery Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.10 173,818

Randall– B old Water Treatment Plant Contra Costa Water District CA Contra Costa County Oakley Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 51,315

Pittsburg Generating Station GenOn Delta, LLC CA Contra Costa County Pittsburg Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.09 10

L os Medanos Ener gy Center Calpine Corporation CA Contra Costa County Pittsburg Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.18 42

Pittsburg Water Treatment Plant City of Pittsburg, California CA Contra Costa County Pittsburg Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 11,045

### 60

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Delta Energy Center Delta Energy Center, LLC CA Contra Costa County Pittsburg Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.40 14,525

Hasa Inc.– Pittsburg CA Contra Costa County Pittsburg Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 563,240

The Dow Chemical Company, Pittsburg, CA site The Dow Chemical Company CA Contra Costa County Pittsburg Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 649,849

K 2 Pure Solutions – Pittsburg Plant CA Contra Costa County Pittsburg Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 20.00 958,664

General Chemical B a y Point Works General Chemical West LLC CA Contra Costa County Pittsburg Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 2,282,335

General Chemical – Richmond Works General Chemical West LLC GenTek, Inc.* CA Contra Costa County Richmond Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 3.10 102,616

Chevron Richmond Refinery Chevron U.S.A. Inc. CA Contra Costa County Richmond Petroleum refinery Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.00 147,155

Rodeo Hydrogen Plant Air Liquide Large Industries U.S. LP CA Contra Costa County Rodeo Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.10 47

San Francisco Refinery at Rodeo, California Phillips 66 Company CA Contra Costa County Rodeo Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.20 4,323

Sly Park (Res A) Water Treatment Plant CA El Dorado County Pollock Pines Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 459

Coalinga Cogeneration Company Texaco Coalinga Energy Company Silverado Energy Company* CA Fresno County Coalinga Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 6,515

Wellhead Power Panoche, LLC CA F resno County Firebaugh Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 119

K ings River Conservation District Peaker Plant Kings River Conservation District CA Fresno County Fresno Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 1,672

Inland Star Distribution Centers, Inc. CA Fresno County Fresno Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 0.60 1,990

Rio B ravo Fresno CA Fresno County Fresno Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 26,587

California Dairies, Inc. CA Fresno County Fresno Ammonia refrigeration Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 129,292

L amanuzzi & Pantaleo – Dehydrator #1 Lamanuzzi & Pantaleo (Ltd) CA Fresno County Fresno Fruit fumigation Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 9.60 408,685

Snowden Enterprises – Fresno Snowden Enterprises, Inc. CA Fresno County Fresno Chemical distribution Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 15.00 781,879

K ingsburg Cogeneration Facility KES Kingsburg L.P. CA Fresno County Kingsburg Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 38,193

Covanta Mendota, L .P. Covanta Energy Group CA Fresno County Mendota Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.50 5,438

Fresno Cogeneration Partners CA Fresno County San Joaquin Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 1,628

Humboldt B a y Municipal Water District (H B MWD) Essex Control Center CA Humboldt County Arcata Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,285

City of Arcata Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Arcata CA Humboldt County Arcata Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 4,615

Eureka Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Eureka CA Humboldt County Eureka Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.50 8,094

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 61 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Fortuna Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Humboldt County Fortuna Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,896

MCSD Wastewater Management Facility McKinleyville Community Services District CA Humboldt County McKinleyville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,364

North B rawley Geothermal Project ORNI 18, LLC Ormat Nevada, Inc.* CA Imperial County Brawley Electric power generation Isopentane 0.30 <10

Calexico Water Treatment Plant City of Calexico CA Imperial County Calexico Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 10,957

City of El Centro Water Treatment Plant City of El Centro CA Imperial County El Centro Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,640

El Centro Generating Station Imperial Irrigation District CA Imperial County El Centro Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 56,731

Second Imperial Geothermal Company (Heber 2) Orcal Geothermal, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* CA Imperial County Heber Electric power generation Isopentane 0.30 37

Heber Geothermal Company (Heber 1) Ormat Nevada, Inc. CA Imperial County Heber Electric power generation Isopentane 0.30 37

Ormesa Geothermal Projects Ormesa, LLC CA Imperial County Holtville Electric power generation Isopentane 0.30 <10

Kern River Eastridge Cogeneration Facility Chevron Corporation CA Kern County Bakersfield Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 <10

Alon B akersfield Refining – Area 3 Alon USA Energy, Inc CA Kern County Bakersfield Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.30 165

Kern Oil & R efining Co. CA Kern County Bakersfield Petroleum refinery Butane 0.80 481

Mt. Poso Cogeneration Facility Mt. Poso Cogeneration Company, LLC CA Kern County Bakersfield Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.60 1,289

Rio B ravo Poso CA Kern County Bakersfield Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 1,343

Rio B ravo Jasmin CA Kern County Bakersfield Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 1,395

Alon B akersfield Refining – Areas 1&2 Alon USA Energy, Inc. CA Kern County Bakersfield Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.09 3,249

B ear Mountain L imited CA Kern County Bakersfield Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 7,222

DAI Oildale Inc. DAI Management Consultants, Inc. CA Kern County Bakersfield Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 27,002

Mojave Cogeneration Company, L .P. Lake Shore Mojave LLC CA Kern County Boron Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 2,420

City of California City WWTP City of California City CA Kern County California City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.30 4,550

Naval Air Weapons Station China L ake, CA Chief of Navy Installations Navy Region Southwest Department of Navy* CA Kern County China Lake Wastewater treatment Chlorine 4.50 25,947

Covanta Delano, Inc Covanta Energy Corporation CA Kern County Delano Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 40,916

Sunrise Power Company, LLC Mis sion Del Sol, LLC Chevron Power Holdings, Inc.* CA Kern County Fellows Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.90 231

Mid–Set Cogeneration Company Texaco Midway Sunset Cogeneration Company Del–Mar Energy Company* CA Kern County Fellows Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 276

Pastoria Energy Facility Calpine CA Kern County Lebec Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 1,255

### 62

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

B erry Cogen–18 Facility Berry Petroleum Company CA Kern County Maricopa Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.40 14,418

L a Paloma Generating Plant La Paloma Generating Company, LLC CA Kern County McKittrick Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 <10

B elridge Gas Processing Plant and Cogen Facility Aera Energy LLC CA Kern County McKittrick Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 418

B erry Cogen–38 Facility Berry Petroleum Company CA Kern County Taft Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 9,859

Taft Manufacturing Company Baker Hughes Corporation CA Kern County Taft Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Acrolein 25.00 583,588

Occidental of Elk Hills, Inc. Occidental Oil and Gas Chevron, USA* CA Kern County Tupman Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 424

City of Avenal Water Treatment Plant CA Kings County Avenal Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 209

City of Hanford Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Hanford CA Kings County Hanford Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,978

L emoor e Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Lemoore CA Kings County Lemoore Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 22,821

C L MSD Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Lake County Lakeport Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,127

H LPower Company CA Lassen County Wendel Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.91 1,827

City of B urbank Water & Power– Valley Pumping Plant City of Burbank CA Los Angeles County Burbank Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 38,970

Air Products, Carson Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. CA Los Angeles County Carson Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.12 <10

L os Angeles R efinery Carson Plant Phillips 66 Company CA Los Angeles County Carson Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.00 5,468

Praxair – Carson CA ( L ong B each) Praxair, Inc. CA Los Angeles County Carson Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.20 13,976

Solvay, Dominguez Plant Solvay USA Inc. CA Los Angeles County Carson Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.60 29,573

TESORO L os Angeles R efinery – Carson Operations TESORO Refining and Marketing Company LLC CA Los Angeles County Carson Petroleum refinery, electric power Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 276,161

L os C oyotes Water Reclamation Plant County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County CA Los Angeles County Cerritos Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.70 225,994

Hill B rothers Chemical Co. – City of Industry Hill Brothers Chemical Company CA Los Angeles County City of Industry Chemical distribution Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 341,935

Miramar Water Treatment Plant CA Los Angeles County Claremont Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 78,344

Univar USA Inc. Univar USA Inc. CA Los Angeles County Commerce Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 1.00 10,744

Eagle Rock Reservoir Outlet Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Eagle Rock Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 12,217

Air L iquide L arge Ind. US, L .P., El Segundo H2 Fac Air Liquide Large Industries US, L.P. CA Los Angeles County El Segundo Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.20 <10

El Segundo Generating Station NRG Energy, Inc. CA Los Angeles County El Segundo Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 25

Chevron El Segundo Refinery – 2006C 6/20/08 Chevron Corporation CA Los Angeles County El Segundo Petroleum refinery Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 25,919

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 63 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Encino Chlorination Station Los Angles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Encino Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 8,584

Glorietta Park Pump Station City of Glendale Water & Power CA Los Angeles County Glendale Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,612

James M. Rez Pump Station City of Glendale Water & Power CA Los Angeles County Glendale Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 57,634

Joseph Jensen Water Treatment Plant Metropolitan Water District of Southern California CA Los Angeles County Granada Hills Water treatment Chlorine 4.60 226,495

Hollywood Pumping Station Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Hollywood Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 9,439

Custom Alloy L ight Metals, Inc. CA Los Angeles County Industry Secondary aluminum smelting Chlorine 7.00 973,821

Sanford M. Anderson Water Treatment Plant City of Inglewood CA Los Angeles County Inglewood Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 35,655

Airgas Specialty Products Inc., L aMirada, CA Airgas Inc. CA Los Angeles County La Mirada Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 447,699

F. E. Weymouth Water Treatment Plant Metropolitan Water District of So. California CA Los Angeles County La Verne Water treatment Chlorine 5.30 308,753

L A C ounty WaterWorks District #40, Antelope Valley Los Angeles County Department of Public Works CA Los Angeles County Lancaster Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,217

AES Alamitos, LLC AES C orporation CA Los Angeles County Long Beach Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 <10

Haynes Generating Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Long Beach Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.30 376

L ong B each Groundwater Treatment Plant Long Beach Water Department CA Los Angeles County Long Beach Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,787

Marchem Technologies Marchem Technologies CA Los Angeles County Long Beach Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ethylene oxide 3.30 227,959

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Air Products and Chemicals Inc. CA Los Angeles County Los Angeles Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.10 <10

B renntag Pacific, Inc. Santa Fe Springs Facility CA Los Angeles County Los Angeles Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 0.40 1,052

Polychemie Inc. – L os Angeles, CA SNF Holding C ompany CA Los Angeles County Los Angeles Basic chemicals – ACC Dimethylamine 0.40 3,379

Upper Stone Canyon Chlorination Station Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Los Angeles Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 4,630

B uena Vista Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Los Angeles Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 24,976

Manhattan Wells Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Los Angeles Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 43,679

AMVAC Chemical Corporation American Vanguard Corporation CA Los Angeles County Los Angeles Pesticide manufacturing Chlorine 9.90 3,497,187

B erry Cogen–42 Facility CA Los Angeles County Newhall Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 48,957

North Hollywood Wells Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County North Hollywood Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 41,032

### 64

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Santa Ynez Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Pacific Palisades Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 2,576

Paramount Petroleum – Paramount Paramount CA Los Angeles County Paramount Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.50 9,306

Pasadena Water & Power B roadway Power Plant City of Pasadena CA Los Angeles County Pasadena Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 186

Pasadena Water & Power City Yards Facility City of Pasadena CA Los Angeles County Pasadena Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 4,500

Hyperion Treatment Plant City of Los Angeles CA Los Angeles County Playa Del Rey Wastewater treatment Methane 0.08 <10

Scattergood Generating Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Playa Del Rey Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 22

AES Redondo B each, L LC AES Corporation CA Los Angeles County Redondo Beach Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 226

Rio Vista Water Treatment Plant CA Los Angeles County Santa Clarita Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,750

Phibro–Tech, Inc. Phibro Animal Health Corporation CA Los Angeles County Santa Fe Springs Chemical manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 180,421

Pioneer Americas LLC d/b/a Olin Chlor Alkali Produc Pioneer Companies, Inc. CA Los Angeles County Santa Fe Springs Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 9.90 2,570,740

K I KSoCal Inc. KIK International LLC CA Los Angeles County Santa Fe Springs Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 5,045,709

Hasa Inc.– Saugus CA Los Angeles County Saugus Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 918,791

Rowena Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Silver Lake Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 25,428

Silver L ake Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Silver Lake Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 381,501

Valley Generating Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Sun Valley Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 120

Tujunga Wells Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Sun Valley Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 24,322

Green–Verdugo Chlorination Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Sunland Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 4,917

L os Angeles Aqueduct Filtration Plant City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Sylmar Water treatment Chlorine 5.00 321,639

Arkema Coating Resins Torrance Facility Arkema CA Los Angeles County Torrance Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.70 9,423

ExxonMobil Torrance Refinery Exxon Mobil Corporation CA Los Angeles County Torrance Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 3.20 272,144

JCI Jones Chemicals Inc. – Torrance CA Los Angeles County Torrance Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 4,670,233

San Jose Creek Water Reclamation Plant County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County CA Los Angeles County Whittier Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.70 101,465

Air Products, Wilmington Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. CA Los Angeles County Wilmington Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 65 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Harbor Generating Station City of Los Angeles Department of Water and Power CA Los Angeles County Wilmington Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 654

Air L iquide Wilmington, CA CO2 Plant Air Liquide Industrial US L.P. CA Los Angeles County Wilmington Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 50,181

L os Angeles R efinery Wilmington Plant Phillips 66 Company CA Los Angeles County Wilmington Petroleum refinery Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 163,961

Harbor Cogeneration Company, LLC

–Wilmington Plant Harbor Cogeneration Company, LLC Southwest Generation Operating Company, LLC* CA Los Angeles County Wilmington Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.30 217,866

Tesoro Refining and Marketing Co. LLC L A R efinery Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company LLC CA Los Angeles County Wilmington Petroleum refinery Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.40 242,641

Ultramar Inc. d/b/a Valero Wilmington Refinery Valero Energy Corporation CA Los Angeles County Wilmington Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 4.30 368,956

Ampersand Chowchilla B iomass L LC Global Ampersand LLC CA Madera County Chowchilla Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 12,179

Sta !ord Water Treatment Plant 2011 North Marin Water District CA Marin County Novato Water treatment Chlorine 3.30 22,948

City of Fort B ragg Wastewater Treatment Plant Vicinity of Soldier Point CA Mendocino County Fort Bragg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,131

Willits Water Quality Control Plant CA Mendocino County Willits Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 839

Atwater Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Atwater CA Merced County Atwater Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 9,005

Merced Power LLC Global Amper sand LLC CA Merced County Merced Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.70 965

Planada Community Services District Wastewater Planada Community Services District CA Merced County Planada Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 141

City of Alturas Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Alturas CA Modoc County Alturas Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.80 189

Mammoth Pacific L .P. Ormammoth LLC ORNI 44 LLC* CA Mono County Mammoth Lakes Electric power generation Isobutane 0.30 <10

Wastewater Treatment Plant Mammoth Community Water District CA Mono County Mammoth Lakes Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 671

L ake Mary Water Treatment Plant Mammoth Community Water District CA Mono County Mammoth Lakes Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,903

Carmel Area Wastewater District treatment facility CA Monterey County Carmel Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,544

Calpine K ing City Cogeneration, LLC C alpine Corporation CA Monterey County King City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.45 274

Monterey Regional Treatment Plant Monterey Regional Water Pollution Control Agency CA Monterey County Marina Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 19,673

Moss L anding Power Plant Dynegy Moss Landing, LLC CA Monterey County Moss Landing Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.26 61

Growers Ice Company CA Monterey County Salinas Refrigerated warehouse Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.58 105,070

Sargent Canyon Cogeneration Company Texaco San Ardo Cogeneration Company Viejo Energy Company* CA Monterey County San Ardo Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 81

### 66

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Salinas River Cogeneration Company Texaco Yoakum Energy Company Anacapa Energy Company* CA Monterey County San Ardo Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 81

L ake of the Pines Water Treatment Plant Nevada Irrigation District CA Nevada County Auburn Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,144

Nevada City Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Nevada County Nevada City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,362

Tahoe–Truckee Sanitation Agency CA Nevada County Truckee Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.40 9,082

Huntington B each Utilities – Well Number 7 Huntington Beach Utilities CA Orange County Huntington Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 25,332

Huntington B each Utilities Well Number 13 CA Orange County Huntington Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 25,855

Huntington B each Utilities – Well Number 9 Huntington Beach Utilities CA Orange County Huntington Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 39,028

Huntington B each Utilities – Well Number 6 Huntington Beach Utilities CA Orange County Huntington Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 42,364

Huntington B each Utilities – Well Number 10 Huntington Beach Utilities CA Orange County Huntington Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 43,154

Rattlesnake Reservoir Disinfection Facility Irvine Ranch Water District CA Orange County Irvine Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,151

Joint Regional Plant South Orange County Wastewater Authority CA Orange County Laguna Niguel Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.50 37,656

City of San Clemente – Water Reclamation Facility City of San Clemente Utilities Division CA Orange County San Clemente Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,966

Primary Disinfection Facility Irivine Ranch Water District CA Orange County Santa Ana Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 13,018

Initial Disinfection Facility Irvine Ranch Water District CA Orange County Santa Ana Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 15,859

Robert B . Diemer W

ater Treatment Plant Metropolitan Water District of Southern California CA Orange County Yorba Linda Water treatment Chlorine 2.30 35,771

B owman Water Treatment Plant CA Placer County Auburn Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,058

SMD–1 Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Placer County Auburn Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,536

San Juan Water District CA Placer County Granite Bay Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,615

Rio B ravo Rocklin CA Placer County Lincoln Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 106,668

B lythe Energy, LLC LS P ower CA Riverside County Blythe Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.70 188

Water Reclamation Plant No. 7 Coachella Valley Water District CA Riverside County Indio Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 31,889

Colmac Energy, Inc. American Consumer Industries CA Riverside County Mecca Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 6,246

Inland Empire Energy Center, LLC Inland Empir e Holding Limited I, Inc. Inland Empire Holding Limited II, Inc.* CA Riverside County Menifee Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.35 249

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 67 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Moreno Valley Regional Water Reclamation Facility Eastern Municipal Water District CA Riverside County Moreno Valley Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 214,804

RCWD Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility Rancho California Water District (RCWD) CA Riverside County Murrieta Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,526

Water Reclamation Plant No. 10 Coachella Valley Water District CA Riverside County Palm Desert Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 48,078

Water Reclamation Plant No. 9 Coachella Valley Water District CA Riverside County Palm Desert Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 48,192

Water Reclamation Plant Desert Water Agency CA Riverside County Palm Springs Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,042

Perris Valley Regional Water Reclamation Facility Eastern Municipal Water District CA Riverside County Perris Wastewater treatment Chlorine 11.00 384,385

Chemical Unloading Facility Metropolitan Water District of So. California CA Riverside County Perris Water treatment Chlorine 25.00 2,686,424

Henry J. Mills Water Treatment Plant Metropolitan Water District of Southern California CA Riverside County Riverside Water treatment Chlorine 2.00 29,319

Airgas Specialty Products – Riverside, CA Airgas, Inc. CA Riverside County Riverside Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 462,815

San Jacinto Valley RWRF Eastern Municipal Water District CA Riverside County San Jacinto Wastewater treatment Chlorine 6.70 151,255

Temecula Valley RWRF Eastern Municipal Water District CA Riverside County Temecula Wastewater treatment Chlorine 4.40 100,519

Water Reclamation Plant No. 4 Coachella Valley Water District CA Riverside County Thermal Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 3,927

Robert A. Skinner Water Treatment Plant Metropolitan Water District of Southern California CA Riverside County Winchester Water treatment Chlorine 2.30 16,762

Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Sacramento County Elk Grove Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 1,094,298

Cosumnes Power Plant Sacramento Municipal Utility District CA Sacramento County Herald Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.09 <10

Coloma Treatment Plant Golden State Water Company CA Sacramento County Rancho Cordova Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 8,948

RMCSD Water Treatment Plant CA Sacramento County Rancho Murieta Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 141

RMCSD Wastewater Reclamation Facility CA Sacramento County Rancho Murieta Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 843

SCA Cogeneration Plant II Sacramento Cogeneration Authority CA Sacramento County Sacramento Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.30 181

Air Products, Sacramento Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. CA Sacramento County Sacramento Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.38 281

Sacramento River Water Treatment Plant City of Sacramento, Department of Utilities CA Sacramento County Sacramento Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,616

E.A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant City of Sacramento, Department of Utilities CA Sacramento County Sacramento Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 8,700

HP Hood Sacramento HP Hood LLC CA Sacramento County Sacramento Ammonia refrigeration Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.00 106,724

Carson Energy Cogeneration Plant CA Sacramento County Sacramento Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 172,762

City of Colton Water Reclamation Facility City of Colton Utility Department CA San Bernardino County Colton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 86,120

### 68

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population GATX – Colton, CA Tank Car Facility GATX Corporation General American Transportation Corporation* CA San Bernardino County Colton Railroad tank car service Bromine 25.00 2,910,909

Huston Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant CA San Bernardino County Crestline Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,656

L loyd W. Michael Water Treatment Plant CA San Bernardino County Etiwanda Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,598

TST Inc. CA San Bernardino County Fontana Secondary aluminum smelting Chlorine 7.00 519,734

Grass Valley Wastewater Treatment Plant Lake Arrowhead Community Services District CA San Bernardino County Lake Arrowhead Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,749

Praxair – Ontario, CA Praxair, Inc. CA San Bernardino County Ontario Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.60 499

K I KPool Additives, Inc. KIK International LLC CA San Bernardino County Ontario Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,834,292

Henry Tate Water Treatment Plant CA San Bernardino County Redlands Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,293

Horace Hinckley Water Treatment Plant CA San Bernardino County Redlands Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,556

Gage Chlorination Station City of Riverside, Public Utilities CA San Bernardino County San Bernardino Water treatment Chlorine 1.70 17,254

Sixth Street Chlorination Station City of Riverside, Public Utilities CA San Bernardino County San Bernardino Water treatment Chlorine 1.70 48,133

Searles Valley Minerals – Westend Facility Nirma Limited CA San Bernardino County Trona Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.40 29

ACE Cogeneration Facility ACE Cogeneration Company CA San Bernardino County Trona Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 84

Searles Valley Minerals – Trona Facility Nirma Limited CA San Bernardino County Trona Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 6.80 189

Agua de L ejos Treatment Plant Water Facilities Authority Joint Power Agency CA San Bernardino County Upland Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,748

Seeley Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant CA San Bernardino County Valley of Enchantme Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 887

Church & Dwight Co. Inc. Church & Dwight Co. Inc. CA San Bernardino County Victorville Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.01 <10

High Desert Power Project High Desert Power Project, LLC CA San Bernardino County Victorville Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.64 942

Henry N. Wochholz Wastewater Treatment Facility Yucaipa Valley Water District CA San Bernardino County Yucaipa Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 36,987

VWD Meadowlark Water Reclamation Facility CA San Diego County Carlsbad Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,040

Carlsbad Municipal Water District Maerkle Facility Carlsbad Municipal Water District CA San Diego County Carlsbad Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 76,802

R.A.R. Desalination Facility Sweetwater Authority CA San Diego County Chula Vista Water treatment Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.09 152

Otay Water Treatment Plant City of San Diego Water Department* CA San Diego County Chula Vista Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 37,661

Goal L ine, L P CA San Diego County Escondido Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 27

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 69 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Escondido/ Vista Water Treatment Plant City of Escondido Vista Irrigation District* CA San Diego County Escondido Water treatment Chlorine 4.60 132,925

Wastewater Treatment Plant Fallbrook Public Utility District CA San Diego County Fallbrook Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,975

Alvarado Water Treatment Plant City of San Diego Water Department CA San Diego County La Mesa Water treatment Chlorine 2.40 51,033

R.M. L evy Water Treatment Plant Helix Water District CA San Diego County Lakeside Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,397

R.E. B adger Filtration Plant Santa Fe Irrigation District San Dieguito Water District* CA San Diego County Rancho Santa Fe Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,263

Otay Mesa Energy Center LLC C alpine Corporation CA San Diego County San Diego Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 <10

City of Poway L es ter J. B erglund – Water Treatment CA San Diego County San Diego Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,315

North Island Energy Facility Applied Energy LLC Atlantic Power Corporation* CA San Diego County San Diego Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 25,334

NTC/MCRD Energy Facility Applied Energy LLC Atlantic Power Corporation* CA San Diego County San Diego Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.60 29,250

Naval Station Energy Facility Applied Energy LLC Atlantic Power Corporation* CA San Diego County San Diego Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 57,279

Miramar Water Treatment Plant City of San Diego Water Department* CA San Diego County San Diego Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 94,489

Vallecitos Water District Twin Oaks Reservoir Vallecitos Water District CA San Diego County San Marcos Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 8,972

Water Recycling Facility Padre Dam Municipal Water District CA San Diego County Santee Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 6,692

Robert A. Perdue Water Treatment Plant Sweetwater Authority CA San Diego County Spring Valley Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 31,675

Ralph W. Chapman Water Recycling Facility Otay Water District CA San Diego County Spring Valley Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 59,592

Robert A. Weese Water Treatment Plant City of Oceanside CA San Diego County Vista Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 94,620

University of California San Francisco CA San Francisco County San Francisco Electric power generation Ammonia (conc.

* 20%) 0.01 <10

Combustion Turbine Project No. 2 Northern California Power Agency CA San Joaquin County Lodi Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.40 11,317

Mountain House Community Services District CA San Joaquin County Mountain House Water treatment Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 238

Ripon Cogeneration Facility Ripon Cogeneration, LLC CA San Joaquin County Ripon Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.80 7,588

Dr. Joe Waidhofer Water Treatment Plant Stockton East Water District CA San Joaquin County Stockton Water treatment Chlorine 0.10 <10

POSDEF Power Company L .P. NextEra Energy Resources CA San Joaquin County Stockton Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 128,162

Pacific Ethanol Stockton, LLC P acific Ethanol, Inc. CA San Joaquin County Stockton Ethyl alcohol manufacturing Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 4.20 142,924

### 70

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
California Ammonia Company dba CA L AMC O CA San Joaquin County Stockton Chemical distribution Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.00 228,970

Sierra Chemical Co., Stockton Facility CA San Joaquin County Stockton Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 500,558

City of Stockton Tertiary Treatment Plant City of Stockton, Municipal Utilities Department CA San Joaquin County Stockton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 14.00 530,031

City of Tracy John Jones Water Treatment Plant CA San Joaquin County Tracy Water treatment Chlorine 4.40 51,692

City of Tracy Waste Water Treatment Plant CA San Joaquin County Tracy Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 86,765

Pioneer Americas LLC dba Olin Chlor Alkali Product Olin Corporation CA San Joaquin County Tracy Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 1,087,764

Santa Maria Facility Phillips 66 CA San Luis Obispo County Arroyo Grande Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.08 <10

Polonio Pass Water Treatment Plant Central Coast Water Authority CA San Luis Obispo County Shandon Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 40

City of Santa Maria B lending Station City of Santa Maria Utilities Department City of Santa Maria* CA Santa Barbara County Santa Maria Water treatment Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.00 34,044

Metcalf Energy Center, LLC C alpine Corporation CA Santa Clara County San Jose Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.01 <10

Univar USA Inc. Univar USA Inc. CA Santa Clara County San Jose Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 1.00 3,796

O L S Energy Agnews Calpine Corporation CA Santa Clara County San Jose Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 80,549

Air Products, Santa Clara Air Products and Chemical, Inc. CA Santa Clara County Santa Clara Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen selenide 3.80 207,423

Sunnyvale Water Pollution Control Plant City of Sunnyvale CA Santa Clara County Sunnyvale Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.60 112

Anderson Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Shasta County Anderson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,410

Redding Stillwater Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Shasta County Anderson Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 0.90 1,788

Redding Clear Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Shasta County Anderson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 7,509

Wheelabrator Shasta Energy Company Inc. Waste Management Inc CA Shasta County Anderson Electric power generation, ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 12,217

B urney Forest Power Burney Biomass Power LLC. Forest Products L.P.* CA Shasta County Burney Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 551

Clear Creek CSD Water Treatment Plant CA Shasta County Redding Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 17

Wintu Pumping Plant CA Shasta County Redding Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,643 Redding Foothill Water Treatment Plant CA Shasta County Redding Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,375

Redding B uckeye Water Treatment Plant CA Shasta County Shasta Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 17

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 71 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Shasta L ake Water Treatment Facility CA Shasta County Shasta Lake Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,495

Shasta L ake Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Shasta Lake CA Shasta County Shasta Lake Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 17,344

Mt. Shasta Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Siskiyou County Mt. Shasta Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 102

B enicia Water Treatment Plant City of Benicia CA Solano County Benicia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,171

Praxair – B enicia, CA Praxair, Inc. CA Solano County Benicia Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 6,295

Valero Refining Company – CA Valero Energy Corporation CA Solano County Benicia Petroleum refinery Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 13,718

Fairfield Suisun Sewer District WWTP CA Solano County Fairfield Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 7,106

Cement Hill Water Treatment Plant Suisun–Solano Water Authority CA Solano County Fairfield Water treatment Chlorine 6.70 197,884

Water Treatment Plant City of Vacaville Public Works Department CA Solano County Vacaville Water treatment Chlorine 3.10 86,053

Wastewater Treatment Plant Bodega Bay Public Utility District CA Sonoma County Bodega Bay Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 539

City of Cloverdale Wastewater Treatment Plant CA Sonoma County Cloverdale Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.60 404

SCWA: River Road Chlorine B uilding Sonoma County Water Agency CA Sonoma County Forestville Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 6,335

SCWA: Mirabel Chlorine B uilding Sonoma County Water Agency CA Sonoma County Healdsburg Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 5,720

SCWA: Wohler Chlorine B uilding Sonoma County Water Agency CA Sonoma County Healdsburg Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 6,566

SCWA: Airport SZTP Sonoma County Water Agency CA Sonoma County Santa Rosa Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 29,511

SCWA: Sonoma Valley CSDTP Sonoma County Water Agency CA Sonoma County Sonoma Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 9,548

Almond Power Plant Turlock Irrigation District CA Stanislaus County Ceres Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.90 49,243

Woodland Generation Station CA Stanislaus County Modesto Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.53 2,935

Secondary Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Modesto CA Stanislaus County Modesto Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 11.00 175,797

Crop Production Services – Modesto Crop Production Services CA Stanislaus County Modesto Chemical distribution Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 280,161

Snowden Enterprises – Modesto Snowden Enterprises, Inc. CA Stanislaus County Modesto Chemical distribution Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 15.00 512,662

Walnut Energy Center Walnut Energy Center Authority CA Stanislaus County Turlock Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 25,344

City of Turlock CA Stanislaus County Turlock Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.20 55,806

Yuba City Energy Center Gilroy Energy Center, LLC CA Sutter County Yuba City Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.01 <10

Feather River Energy Center Gillroy Energy center, LLC Calpine Corporation* CA Sutter County Yuba city Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.01 <10

Yuba City Wastewater Treatment Facility City Of Yuba City CA Sutter County Yuba City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,637

Sutter Energy Center Calpine Corporation CA Sutter County Yuba City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 7,196

### 72

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Yuba City Water Treatment Plant CA Sutter County Yuba City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 8,861

Greenleaf 2 Calpine Corporation CA Sutter County Yuba City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 59,627

Corning Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Corning CA Tehama County Corning Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.00 2,465

City of Red B lu ! Wastewater Reclamation Plant City of Red Blu !CA Tehama County Red Blu ! Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,855

Trauger Pumping Plant CA Tulare County Lindsay Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 8,155

Pixley Cogen Partners Calgren Renewable Fuels CA Tulare County Pixley Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.10 4,113

Community Renewable Energy Services Inc. CA Tulare County Reedley Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.20 2,344

B radford Pumping Plant Terra Bella Irrigation District CA Tulare County Terra Bella Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 830

Visalia Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Visalia CA Tulare County Visalia Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.10 17

Elbow Farm Supply, Inc. CA Tulare County Visalia Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 130,611

Pacific–Ultrapower Chinese Station CA Tuolumne County Jamestown Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.04 5,776

Calleguas MWD Grimes Canyon Disinfection Facility Calleguas Municipal Water District CA Ventura County Moorpark Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 10,503

Ormond B each Generating Station NRG California South LP CA Ventura County Oxnard Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 84

Mandalay Generating Station NRG California South LP CA Ventura County Oxnard Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 258

El Rio B ooster Plant United Water Conservation District CA Ventura County Oxnard Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,965

E. F. Oxnard, LLC A tlantic Power Corporation CA Ventura County Oxnard Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.70 152,634

B aker Petrlote Corporation – Santa Paula CA Ventura County Santa Paula Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Acrolein 24.00 875,121

Calleguas MWD L ake B ar d Water Filtration Plant Calleguas Municipal Water District CA Ventura County Thousand Oaks Water treatment Chlorine 2.30 28,858

Marion Walker Filtration Plant Casitas Municipal Water District CA Ventura County Ventura Water treatment Chlorine 2.30 2,509

Ventura Water Reclamation Facility City of San Buenaventura CA Ventura County Ventura Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,036

Avenue Water Treatment Plant City of San Buenaventura CA Ventura County Ventura Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,036

B ailey Water Conditioning Facility City of San Buenaventura CA Ventura County Ventura Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 18,033

Davis Water Pollution Control Plant CA Yolo County Davis Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.10 4,368

B ryte B end Water Treatment Plant City of West Sacramento CA Yolo County West Sacramento Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,943

Woodland B iomass Facility DTE Energy Services CA Yolo County Woodland Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.30 46,164

L inda County Water District CA Yuba County Marysville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 22,432

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 73 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
C O L ORADO

B ASF Contruction Chemicals BASF Corporation CO Adams County Brighton Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.31 163

Recycling Plant Denver Water CO Adams County Commerce City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,997

SEUSA Commerce City Refinery Suncor Energy (USA), Inc. Suncor Energy, Inc.* CO Adams County Commerce City Petroleum refinery Hydrogen sulfide 2.40 31,721

K lein Water Treatment Facility South Adams County Water and Sanitation District CO Adams County Commerce City Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 32,876

Thornton Water Treatment Plant City of Thornton CO Adams County Thornton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 29,980

B inney Water Purification Facility CO Arapahoe County Aurora Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 724

Griswold Water Treatment Plant Aurora Water CO Arapahoe County Aurora Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 11,664

Wemlinger WTP Aurora Water CO Arapahoe County Aurora Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 15,017

Spurgeon Water Treatment Plant Left Hand Water District CO Boulder County Longmont Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 382

Dodd Water Treatment Plant Left Hand Water District CO Boulder County Longmont Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 837

L ouisville Water Treatment Plant – South Plant City of Louisville, Colorado CO Boulder County Louisville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,754

L ouisville Water Treatment Plant – North Plant City of Louisville, Colorado CO Boulder County Louisville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,324

Marston Water Treatment Plant Denver Water CO Denver County Denver Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,433

Joseph B

. B lake Water Treatment Plant Centennial Water and Sanitation District CO Douglas County Highlands Ranch Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,266

Foothills Water Treatment Plant Denver Water CO Douglas County Littleton Water treatment Chlorine 4.40 10,611

Mesa Water Treatment Plant Colorado Springs Utilities CO El Paso County Colorado Springs Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,545

Nixon Power Plant Colorado Springs Utilities CO El Paso County Fountain Electric power generation Chlorine 3.00 2,601

Fountain Valley Authority Water Treatment Plant Fountain Valley Authority CO El Paso County Fountain Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,089

McCullough Complex Colorado Springs Utilities CO El Paso County USAir Force Academy Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,044

Canon City Water Treatment Plant City of Canon City CO Fremont County Canon City Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,905

Red Mountain Water Plant City of Glenwood Springs CO Garfield County Glenwood Springs Water treatment Chlorine 2.79 6,949

Praxair – Walden, CO Praxair, Inc. CO Jackson County Walden Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 <10

Mo !at Water Treatment Plant Denver Water CO Je ! erson County Lakewood Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,610

B ellvue Water Treatment Plant City of Greeley CO Larimer County Bellvue Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 626

Carter L ake Filter Plant Little Thompson Water District Central Weld County Water District* CO Larimer County Berthoud Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,695

### 74

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Solider Canyon Filter Plant FCLWD, ELCO, and NWCWD CO Larimer County Fort Collins Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,027

Fort Collins Water Treatment Facility CO Larimer County Fort Collins Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 25,548

Drake Water Reclamation Facility CO Larimer County Fort Collins Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 49,227

City of L oveland Water Treatment Plant City of Loveland, Colorado CO Larimer County Loveland Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,024

B oyd L ake Water Treatment Plant City of Greeley, Colorado CO Larimer County Loveland Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 17,392

Peetz Recovered Energy Facility OREG 4, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* CO Logan County Peetz Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

Charles A. Strain Water Treatment Plant Clifton Water District CO Mesa County Clifton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,355

Cray Vally Grand Junction Total Holdings, USA CO Mesa County Grand Junction Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 0.42 265

City of Grand Junction Water Treatment Plant CO Mesa County Grand Junction Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,534

Persigo Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Grand Junction Mesa County* CO Mesa County Grand Junction Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 9,891

Ute Water Treatment Plant Ute Water Conservancy District CO Mesa County Palisade Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 <10

Project 7 Water Authority CO Montrose County Montrose Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,462

Nucla Station Tri–State Generation and Transmission Association CO Montrose County Nucla Electric power generation Chlorine 1.30 13

City of Fort Morgan Water Treatment Plant CO Morgan County Wiggins Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 136

K MG Electronic Chemicals, Inc KMG Chemicals, Inc CO Pueblo County Pueblo Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 907

Pueblo Wastewater Reclamation Facility Wastewater Dept. City of Pueblo, Colorado* CO Pueblo County Pueblo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,766

B WWP Whitlock Water Treatment Plant Board of Water Works at Pueblo, Colorado CO Pueblo County Pueblo Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,833

Pueblo West Water Treatment Plant Pueblo West Metropolitan District CO Pueblo County Pueblo West Water treatment Chlorine 3.07 17,356

L one Tree Industrial Waste Water Treatment Plant JBS USA, LLC CO Weld County Greeley Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 754

DPC Industries, Inc. DX Holding Company CO Weld County Hudson Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 75,187

Rocky Mountain Energy Center Public Service Company of Colorado CO Weld County Keenesburg Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.70 3,173

B oulder Scientific Company CO Weld County Mead Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ethyl ether 0.28 25

C ONNECTICUT

R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc., Vanderbilt Chemical CT Fairfield County Bethel Basic chemicals – ACC Carbon disulfide 0.15 85

B ridgeport Energy, L LC Emera Energy Generation II LLC CT Fairfield County Bridgeport Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 115

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 75 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Dominion B ridgeport Fuel Cell Park Bridgeport Fuel Cell, LLC Dominion Resources, Inc.* CT Fairfield County Bridgeport Electric power generation Pentane 0.10 201

H. K revit & Co., Inc. CT New Haven County New Haven Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 651,919

CYTEC Industries Inc., Wallingford CT Plant CYTEC Industries Inc. CT New Haven County Wallingford Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.67 2,404

Evonik CYRO LLC aka CYRO Industry’s prior to 7/1/08 EvonikDegussaCorp aka DegussaPolymr’s until 7/1/08 CT New Haven County Wallingford Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Acrylonitrile 2.10 23,088

Allyn’s Point L atex Styron LLC CT New London County Gales Ferry Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 3.10 18,718

City of Groton, Water Treatment Facility City of Groton CT New London County Groton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,594

Dr. Charles W. Solomon Water Purification Plant Norwich Public Utilites (NPU) CT New London County Lebanon Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,918

D E L A WARE

Honeywell – Delaware Plant Honeywell International Inc. DE New Castle County Claymont Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 19.00 2,168,367

Delaware City Refinery Delaware City Refining Company, LLC DE New Castle County Delaware City Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.00 729

Air L iquide Delaware City, DE CO2 Plant Air Liquide Industrial US L.P. DE New Castle County Delaware City Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.20 1,149

K uehne Chemical C o., Inc. – Delaware City Kuehne Chemical Co., Inc. DE New Castle County Delaware City Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 13.00 546,199

Dupont – Edge Moor, DE Facility E.I. duPont DeNemours & Company DE New Castle County Edge Moor Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 13.20 680,885

Croda, Inc. – Atlas Point DE New Castle County New Castle Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 2.40 25,588

Aearo Technologies L LC Aearo Technologies LLC DE New Castle County Newark Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.40 1,082

Calpine – Hay Road Energy Center Calpine Mid–Atlantic Generation, LLC Calpine Corp.* DE New Castle County Wilmington Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 61,960

Indian River Generating Station NRG Energy, Inc. DE Sussex County Dagsboro Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.90 2,282

Town of Selbyville Wastewater Treatment Facility Town of Selbyville DE Sussex County Selbyville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,003

F L ORID A Murphr ee Water Treatment Plant Gainesville Regional Utilities FL Alachua County Gainesville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 487

SiVance LLC FL Alachua C ounty Gainesville Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.90 2,001

Rock–Tenn CP, LLC R ock–Tenn CP, LLC FL Bay County Panama City Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 16.00 150,153

L ansing Smith Electric Generating Plant Gulf Power Company FL Bay County Southport Electric power generation Chlorine 3.00 3,995

Deerfield B each West Water Treatment Plant City of Deerfield Beach FL Broward County Deerfield Beach Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 11,089

George T. L ohmeyer Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Fort Lauderdale Public Service Department* FL Broward County Fort Lauderdale Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,973

### 76

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Fiveash Water Treatment Plant City of Fort Lauderdale Public Services Department& FL Broward County Fort Lauderdale Water treatment Chlorine 14.00 1,583,263

Southern Regional WWTP City of Hollywood, FL Public Utilities FL Broward County Hollywood Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 11,299

L auderhill Water Treatment Plant City of Lauderhill FL Broward County Lauderhill Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 29,197

Pembroke Pines Water Treatment Plant City of Pembroke Pines FL Broward County Pembroke Pines Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 33,609

North Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant Broward County Water & Wastewater Services FL Broward County Pompano Beach Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,474

City of Punta Gorda Water Treatment Plant City of Punt Gorda FL Charlotte County Punta Gorda Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,197

Telman Road Facility Englewood Water District FL Charlotte County Rotonda West Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.60 5,360

North County Regional Water Treatment Plant Collier County Water– Sewer District FL Collier County Naples Water treatment Chlorine 0.09 <10

City of Naples Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Naples FL Collier County Naples Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 36

South County Regional Water Treatment Plant Collier County Water– Sewer District FL Collier County Naples Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,714

City of Naples Water Treatment Plant City of Naples FL Collier County Naples Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,800

Atlantic B each WTP # 1 City of Atlantic Beach FL Duval County Atlantic Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,724

Atlantic B each WWTP # 1 City Of Atlantic Beach FL Duval County Atlantic Beach Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,571

Atlantic B each WTP # 2 City of Atlantic Beach FL Duval County Atlantic Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,678

Atlantic B each WTP # 3 City of Atlantic Beach FL Duval County Atlantic Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,199

Cedar B a y Generating Plant Cogentrix FL Duval County Jacksonville Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 10

Univar USA Inc Univar USA Inc FL Duval County Jacksonville Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.10 16

Praxair Distribution – Jacksonville, F L Pr axair, Inc. FL Duval County Jacksonville Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.10 68

B randy B ranch Generating Station JEA FL Duval County Jacksonville Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.60 74

B lanchard Terminal Company – Jacksonville Terminal Marathon Petroleum Company LP FL Duval County Jacksonville Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 0.60 446

St. Johns River Power Park JEA Florida Power and Light Company* FL Duval County Jacksonville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.10 79,096

IFF Chemical Holdings Inc International Flavors and Fragrances Inc. FL Duval County Jacksonville Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 637,964

JCI Jones Chemicals Inc. Jacksonville FL Duval County Jacksonville Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 830,121

City of Jacksonville B each Pollution Control Plant CIty of Jacksonville Beach FL Duval County Jacksonville Beach Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,389

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# | 77 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Jacksonville B each Water Plant No. 1 City of Jacksonville Beach FL Duval County Jacksonville Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,349

City of Jacksonville B each Water Plant No. 2 City of Jacksonville Beach FL Duval County Jacksonville Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,465

Pensacola Mill International Paper Company FL Escambia County Cantonment Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 11.40 171,185

CEREX Advanced Fabrics, Inc. FL Escambia County Cantonment Synthetic fabric manufacturing Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 16.00 339,252

Ascend Performance Materials – Pensacola Plant Ascend Performance Materials Operations LLC FL Escambia County Gonzalez Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 1.10 1,448

Crist Electric Generating Facility Gulf Power Company FL Escambia County Pensacola Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.30 3,805

City of Moore Haven WTP FL Glades County Moore Haven Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 227

Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant The City of Port St. Joe FL Gulf County Port St. Joe Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 660

Midulla Generating Station Seminole Electric Cooperative, Inc. FL Hardee County Bowling Green Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 <10

Cosme Water Treatment Plant City of St. Petersburg FL Hillsborough County Odessa Water treatment Chlorine 1.09 2,131

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. FL Hillsborough County Tampa Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 7,083

B a yside Power Station Tampa Electric Company TECO Energy Company* FL Hillsborough County Tampa Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.40 27,821

Port Sutton Ammonia Terminal Yara North America, Inc. FL Hillsborough County Tampa Chemical storage terminal Ammonia (anhydrous) 7.80 356,464

David L . Tippin Water Treatment Facility City of Tampa Water Department* FL Hillsborough County Tampa Water treatment Chlorine 9.90 709,159

DPC Enterprises, L .P. FL Hillsborough County Tampa Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 906,640

Chemical Formulators Inc. FL Hillsborough County Tampa Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,116,211

City of Tampa – Howard F. Curren AWTP FL Hillsborough County Tampa Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 1,197,103

City of Vero B each Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Vero Beach Water & Sewer Dept. FL Indian River County Vero Beach Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 34,605

City of Vero B each Water Treatment Plant City of Vero Beach Water & Sewer Dept. FL Indian River County Vero Beach Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 38,045

Turnpike Wastewater Reclamation Facility FL Lake County Leesburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.30 3,593

L eesbur g Water Treatment Plant FL Lake County Leesburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,140

The Island Water Association Inc. FL Lee County Sanibel Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 783

Arvah B . Hopkins Elec tric Generating Station City of Tallahassee FL Leon County Tallahassee Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.20 967

Thomas P. Smith Water Reclamation Facility City of Tallahassee FL Leon County Tallahassee Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,752

### 78

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

FP LManatee Plant Florida Power & Light Company FPL Group* FL Manatee County Parrish Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.40 6,223

Indiantown Cogeneration Company, L .P. FL Martin County Indiantown Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.09 <10

FP LMartin Power Plant Florida Power & Light Company FL Martin County Indiantown Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.40 3,728

F KAA/ J. Robert Dean Water Treatment Plant FL Miami–Dade County Florida City Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 20,677

John E. Preston Water Treatment Plant Miami–Dade Water and Sewer Department Miami–Dade County* FL Miami–Dade County Hialeah Water treatment Chlorine 9.90 1,604,415

Wittkop Park Water Treatment Plant FL Miami–Dade County Homestead Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 23,820

Harris Field Water Treatment Plant FL Miami–Dade County Homestead Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 24,853

Central District Wastewater Treatment Plant Miami–Dade Water and Sewer Deparment Miami–Dade County* FL Miami–Dade County Miami Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 40,688

Alexander Orr Water Treatment Plant Miami–Dade Water and Sewer Department Miami–Dade County* FL Miami–Dade County Miami Water treatment Chlorine 14.00 1,819,814

Sentry Industries, Inc. FL Miami–Dade County Miami Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 2,347,882

Allied Universal Corporation FL Miami–Dade County Miami Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 2,421,806

North District Wastewater Treatment Plant Miami–Dade Water and Sewer Department Miami–Dade County* FL Miami–Dade County North Miami Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 24,764

City of Fernandina B each Water Plant #3 FL Nassau County Fernandina Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,505

City of Fernandina B each Water Plant #2 FL Nassau County Fernandina Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,102

City of Fernandina B each Water Plant #1 FL Nassau County Fernandina Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,454

Rayonier Performance Fibers LLC, F ernandina Mill Rayonier, Inc. FL Nassau County Fernandina Beach Pulp and paper Chlorine 14.00 86,890

George F. French Water Reclamation Facility FL Okaloosa County Destin Water treatment, wastewater Chlorine 1.30 4,112

North B eal Extension Site Okaloosa County Water and Sewer FL Okaloosa County Fort Walton Beach Water treatment Chlorine 2.10 17,622

Russell Stephenson Wastewater Treatment Facility Okaloosa County Water and Sewer Okaloosa County* FL Okaloosa County Mary Esther Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.70 10,608

NV Regional Wastewater Treatment facility NV Regional Sewer Board, Inc. FL Okaloosa County Niceville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,566

Praxair Distribution – Okeechobee, F L Pr axair, Inc. FL Okeechobee County Okeechobee Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.20 32

Western Regional Water Production Facility Orange County Utilities FL Orange County Apopka Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,915

Tanner Industries, Inc. Tanner Industries, Inc. FL Orange County Apopka Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.70 122,355

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 79 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Claude H. Dyal Water Treatment Plant – 2009 City of Cocoa FL Orange County Christmas Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 542

K irkman Water Treatment Plant Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Water treatment Chlorine 0.20 615

South Water Reclamation Facility Orange County Utilities FL Orange County Orlando Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 692

Southwest Water Treatment Plant Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 3,991

Southeast Water Treatment Plant Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Water treatment Chlorine 1.40 4,956

Highland Water Treatment Plant Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Water treatment Chlorine 0.70 5,236

Sky L ake Water Treatment Plant Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 5,555

Navy Water Treatment Plant Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 7,380

Pine Hills Water Treatment Plant Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Water treatment Chlorine 0.70 8,103

Curtis H. Stanton Energy Center Unit A Southern Company– Florida LLC Orlando Utilities Commission* FL Orange County Orlando Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.10 10,930

Conway Water Treatment Plant Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 11,503

Water Conserv II Water Reclamation Facility The City of Orlando FL Orange County Orlando Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 11,888

Stanton Energy Center Orlando Utilities Commission FL Orange County Orlando Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 46,348

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. FL Orange County Orlando Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 969,891

Jupiter Water Treatment Plant Town of Jupiter FL Palm Beach County Jupiter Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,911

L oxahatchee River Environmental Control District FL Palm Beach County Jupiter Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,627

Richard Road Water Treatment Plant Seacoast Utility Authority FL Palm Beach County Lake Park Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 20,392

PGA Wastewater Treatment Plant Seacoast Utility Authority FL Palm Beach County Palm Beach Gardens Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,379

Hood Road Well Field Seacoast Utility Authority FL Palm Beach County Palm Beach Gardens Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,121

Hood Road Water Treatment Plant Seacoast Utility Authority FL Palm Beach County Palm Beach Gardens Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,097

L ilac Street Repump Station Seacoast Utility Authority FL Palm Beach County Palm Beach Gardens Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,964

Central Water Treatment Plant City of Riviera Beach FL Palm Beach County Riviera Beach Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,091

City of L argo Wastewater Reclamation Facility City of Largo FL Pinellas County Clearwater Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,379

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. FL Pinellas County Clearwater Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 909,300

City of Dunedin Wastewater Treatment Plant FL Pinellas County Dunedin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,912

### 80

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Dunedin R.O. Water Treatment Plant FL Pinellas County Dunedin Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 19,388

W. E. Dunn Wastewater Treatment Plant Pinellas County Utilities FL Pinellas County Palm Harbor Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,591

South Cross B a you Wastewater Treatment Facility Pinellas County Utilities FL Pinellas County St. Petersburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,168

Washington Terrace Pumping Station City of St. Petersburg FL Pinellas County St. Petersburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.01 11,836

Oberly Pumping Station City of St. Petersburg FL Pinellas County St. Petersburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.02 13,749

Keller W ater Treatment Plant Pinellas County Utilities FL Pinellas County Tarpon Springs Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,462

City of Tarpon Springs Wastewater Facility City of Tarpon Springs FL Pinellas County Tarpon Springs Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.10 67,351

Sewell Products of Florida LLC KIK In ternational Inc. FL Polk County Auburndale Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 410,956

Hines Energy Complex Duke Energy Florida, Inc. FL Polk County Bartow Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.60 41

City of B art ow Water Treatment Facility FL Polk County Bartow Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,469

Douglas H. Allen Water Reclamation Facility FL Polk County Bartow Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 18,317

C.W. Combee Water Treatment Plant City of Lakeland , Water Utilities Department FL Polk County Lakeland Water treatment Chlorine 1.20 1,352

Glendale Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Lakeland Water Utilities FL Polk County Lakeland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,964

Williams Water Treatment Plant City of Lakeland FL Polk County Lakeland Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,099

Mcintosh Power Plant/Northside WWTP City of Lakeland FL Polk County Lakeland Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 169,723

City of Palatka Platt Drew WWTP City of Palatka FL Putnam County Palatka Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,163

R.C. Willis Water Treatment Plant City of Palatka FL Putnam County Palatka Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,306

Palatka Operations Georgia–Pacific Consumer Operations LLC FL Putnam County Palatka Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 188,925

City of Milton Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Milton FL Santa Rosa County Milton Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 9,648

Pace Plant Air Products and Chemicals Inc. FL Santa Rosa County Pace Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.70 1,143

Pace Wastewater Reclamation Plant Pace Property Finance Authority, Inc. FL Santa Rosa County Pace Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,273

Taminco Pace Plant Taminco, Inc FL Santa Rosa County Pace Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 15.00 306,376

Selma Avenue Facility Englewood Water District FL Sarasota County Englewood Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 8,215

Iron B ridge Water Reclamation Facility City of Orlando FL Seminole County Oveido Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,745

Winter Springs WTP #1 FL Seminole County Winter Springs Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,747

City of St. Augustine WTP 2009 City of St. Augustine FL St. Johns County St. Augustine Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,317

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 81 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Henry A. Gahn Water Treatment Plant Fort Pierce Utilities Authority FL St. Lucie County Fort Pierce Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 9,924

James E. Anderson Water Treatment Plant City of Port St. Lucie Utility Systems Department* FL St. Lucie County Port St. Lucie Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 17,448

Westport Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Port St. Lucie Utility Systems Department* FL St. Lucie County Port St. Lucie Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 47,423

Prineville Water Treatment Plant City of Port St. Lucie Utility Systems Department* FL St. Lucie County Port St. Lucie Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 60,385

Mason H. Kelley Water Treatment Plant City of Perry FL Taylor County Perry Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 256

Perry Water Works Water Treatment Plant City of Perry FL Taylor County Perry Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 256

City of Perry Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Perry FL Taylor County Perry Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,099

B uckeye Florida, L imited Partnership Buckeye Technologies Inc. FL Taylor County Perry Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 35,028

De L and Regional Water Reclamation Facility City of DeLand FL Volusia County DeLand Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,377

City of Holly Hill FL Volusia County Holly Hill Water treatment, wastewater Chlorine 5.40 111,474

Wastewater Treatment Plant Utilities Commission, City of New Smyrna Beach FL Volusia County New Smyrna Beach Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 41,130

Water Treatment Plant Utilities Commission, City of New Smyrna Beach FL Volusia County New Smyrna Beach Water treatment Chlorine 5.40 44,569

G E ORGIA

W

ater Pollution Control Plant City of Milledgeville GA Baldwin County Milledgeville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 668

James B augh W ater Treatment Plant City of Milledgeville GA Baldwin County Milledgeville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 806

L amar Ham Water Treatment Plant City of Milledgeville GA Baldwin County Milledgeville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,719

Commerce Water Treatment Plant City of Commerce GA Banks County Commerce Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 2,243

Solvay USA Inc., Winder Facility Solvay USA Inc. GA Barrow County Winder Basic chemicals – ACC Epichlorohydrin 0.60 814

Stepan Company Stepan Company GA Barrow County Winder Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 7.40 95,314

NorthStar Chemicals, Inc. GA Bartow County Cartersville Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.30 133

Resource Innovations, Inc. GA Bartow County Cartersville Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Carbon disulfide 0.50 244

Plant B owen Georgia Power Company GA Bartow County Cartersville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.88 1,571

Clarence B . W alker Water Treatment Plant City of Cartersville GA Bartow County Cartersville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,774

Hercules Inc–Macon Plant Ashland Inc. GA Bibb County Macon Basic chemicals – ACC Cyclohexylamine 0.11 <10

L ower Poplar Street Water Reclamation Facility Macon Water Authority GA Bibb County Macon Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 293

### 82

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Rocky Creek Water Reclamation Facility (WRF) Macon Water Authority GA Bibb County Macon Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 386

Ocmulgee River Water Treatment Plant Butts County, et al. Water & Sewer Authority GA Butts County Jackson Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,836

City of K ingsland Water Treatment Facility # 2 City of Kingsland GA Camden County Kingsland Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 120

City of K ingsland Water Treatment Facility #1 City of Kingsland, Georgia GA Camden County Kingsland Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 502

City of K ingsland Wastewater Treatment Plant GA Camden County Kingsland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,347

Plant Wansley Georgia Power Company Oglethorpe Power Co., MEAG, City of Dalton* GA Carroll County Carrollton Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.89 795

Weyerhaeuser NR Port Wentworth Weyerhaeuser NR Weyerhaeuser Company* GA Chatham County Port Wentworth Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 5.53 30,812

Industrial & Domestic Water Treatment Plant City of Savannah GA Chatham County Pt. Wentworth Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 5,143

Hercules Incorporated – Savannah Ashland Incorporated GA Chatham County Savannah Basic chemicals – ACC Epichlorohydrin 0.38 639

President Street Water Quality Control Plant City of Savannah GA Chatham County Savannah Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,553

Tronox Pigments (Savannah) Inc. Tronox LLC GA Chatham County Savannah Dye and pigment manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 265,808

MIddle Oconee Water Pollution Control Facility Athens–Clarke County Public Utilities GA Clarke County Athens Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 39,810

North Oconee Water Pollution Control Facility Athens–Clarke County Public Utilities GA Clarke County Athens Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 57,697

The Dow Chemical Company GA Cobb County Marietta Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.40 878

Plant McDonough Combined Cycle Southern Company GA Cobb County Smyrna Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.20 7,802

Water Pollution Control Plant City of Moultrie, Georgia GA Colquitt County Moultrie Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 6,734

Hershall B . Norr ed Water Treatment Plant Newnan Utilities GA Coweta County Newnan Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,990

Dade County Water Treatment Plant GA Dade County Trenton Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 240

B ASF Corporation – Attapulgus Operations BASF Corporation GA Decatur County Attapulgus Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 1,562

Snapfinger AWT Facility DeKalb County, Georgia Dept. of Watershed *#!)!*0đ GA DeKalb County Decatur Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,505

Pole B ridge AWT Facility DeKalb County, Georgia Dept. of Watershed Management* GA DeKalb County Lithonia Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,722

W,G & LWater Filtration Plant Albany Water Gas & Light Commission GA Dougherty County Albany Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,918

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 83 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Water Pollution Control – Joshua Street Plant City of Albany, GA GA Dougherty County Albany Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 22,614

McIntosh Combined Cycle Facility Southern Company GA E " ngham County Rincon Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.10 1,912

City of Fayetteville Water & Wastewater Facilities GA Fayette County Fayetteville Water treatment, wastewater Chlorine 1.30 3,668

Crosstown Water Treatment Plant GA Fayette County Peachtree City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,994

Plant Hammond Georgia Power Company GA Floyd County Rome Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.54 739

Rome Water Treatment Plant GA Floyd County Rome Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 852

Rome–Coosa Water Pollution Control Plant City of Rome, Georgia GA Floyd County Rome Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,125

Rome Water Pollution Control Plant City of Rome, Georgia GA Floyd County Rome Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,683

city of cumming GA Forsyth County Cumming Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 23,022

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. GA Fulton County East Point Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 14,454

East Point Water Department City of East Point, Georgia GA Fulton County East Point Water treatment Chlorine 1.67 16,796

PPG Architectural Coatings Fairburn Distr. Center PPG Industries, Inc. GA Fulton County Fairburn Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.01 <10

L inde – Union City Linde Gas North America LLC GA Fulton County Fairburn Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.30 380

Pinova, Inc. Pinova, Inc. GA Glynn County Brunswick Basic chemicals – ACC Trimethylchlorosilane 1.00 2,696

Academy Creek Water Pollution Control Plant GA Glynn County Brunswick Wastewater treatment chlorosilane 1.30 5,070

Allied Universal Corporation GA Glynn County Brunswick Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 15.00 72,234

B runswick Cellulose Brunswick Cellulose, Inc. GA Glynn County Brunswick Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 113,803

OMNOVA Solutions Inc. – Calhoun L atex Plant OMNOVA Solutions Inc. GA Gordon County Calhoun Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.70 692

City of Calhoun WTP GA Gordon County Calhoun Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,018 City of Calhoun WWTP City of Calhou GA Gordon County Calhoun Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,924

Allied Universal Corporation GA Gordon County Ranger Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 15.00 87,360

L anier Filter Plant Gwinnett County GA Gwinnett County Buford Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,961

Shoal Creek Filter Plant Gwinnett County GA Gwinnett County Buford Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,825

Univar USA Inc. Univar USA Inc. GA Gwinnett County Norcross Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 31

City of Gainesville Water Works GA Hall County Gainesville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,267

Chattahoochee Energy Facility Oglethorpe Power Corporation GA Heard County Franklin Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.21 <10

Plant Wansley Combined Cycle Units Southern Power Company GA Heard County Franklin Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.36 271

### 84

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population MEAG Plant Wansley Unit 9 Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia GA Heard County Franklin Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 1,413

K I K(Georgia) LLC KIK In ternational LLC GA Henry County Hampton Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 469,065

Towaliga River Water Treatment Facility Henry County Water & Sewerage Authority GA Henry County Locust Grove Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 714

Mid–Georgia Cogen Mid–Georgia Cogen Limited Partnership GA Houston County Kathleen Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 <10

City of Perry Water Pollution Control Plant GA Houston County Perry Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,311

Sandy Run Creek – WWTP2 City of Warner Robins GA Houston County Warner Robins Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,364

B ear Creek Water Treatment and Transmission Facili Upper Oconee Basin Water Authority GA Jackson County Bogart Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 925

Amerson Water Treatment Plant Macon Water Authority GA Jones County Macon Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 795

Potato Creek Water Pollution Control Plant City of Gri " n GA Lamar County Gri " n Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 468

City of Dublin Surface Water Treatment Plant GA Laurens County Dublin Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 828

City of Dublin Water Pollution Control Plant GA Laurens County Dublin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,351

Interstate Paper, LLC In terstate Resources, Inc. GA Liberty County Riceboro Pulp and paper Chlorine 3.00 843

SNF Holding Company – Riceboro, GA Facilities SNF Holding Company GA Liberty County Riceboro Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 17.00 90,090

Withlacoochee River WPCP/ City of Valdosta City of Valdosta GA Lowndes County Valdosta Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 300

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. GA Lowndes County Valdosta Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 1,673

Weyerhaeuser NR Company, Flint River Operations Weyerhaeuser NR Company GA Macon County Oglethorpe Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 6.10 6,306

Plant Scherer Georgia Power Company OPC, MEAG, City of Dalton, FPL, Gulf Power, JEA* GA Monroe County Juliette Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.20 674

North Columbus Water Resource Facility (WRF) Columbus Water Works GA Muscogee County Columbus Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 26,325

South Columbus Water Resource Facility Columbus Water Works GA Muscogee County Columbus Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 29,325

North Columbus River Pump Station Columbus Water Works GA Muscogee County Columbus Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 46,342

Airgas Specialty Products Inc., Columbus, GA Airgas Inc. GA Muscogee County Columbus Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 111,847

Cornish Creek Water Treatment Plant GA Newton County Covington Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,182

Waycross Water Pollution Control Plant #2 City of Waycross, Georgia GA Pierce County Blackshear Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 659

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 85 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Still B ranch Water Treatment Plant City of Gri " n, Georgia GA Pike County Concord Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 779

4 H Club Road Water Treatment Plant #2 Augusta–Richmond Utilities Department GA Richmond County Augusta Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,132

Peach Orchard Road Water Treatment Plant #1 Augusta–Richmond Utilities Department GA Richmond County Augusta Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,878

General Chemical LLC, A ugusta Plant General Chemical LLC GA Richmond County Augusta Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 2.90 6,575

International Paper – Augusta Mill International Paper Company GA Richmond County Augusta Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 3.90 9,518

DSM Chemicals North America, Inc. DSM Finance GA Richmond County Augusta Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.80 17,412

PCS Nitrogen Fertilizer, L .P. Augusta Georgia PCS Nitrogen Fertilizer Operations, Inc. GA Richmond County Augusta Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 17.00 431,082

Olin Corporation Augusta, Georgia Plant Olin Corporation GA Richmond County Augusta Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 495,708

Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, L

. L .C. – Augusta Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, LLC, – Alpharetta GA Richmond County Augusta Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Sulfur trioxide 25.00 502,900

Quigg B ranch Water Pollution Control Plant Rockdale County, Georgia GA Rockdale County Conyers Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 10,718

Simmons Water Treatment Plant City of Gri " n GA Spalding County Gri " n Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,123

City of Toccoa Water Treatment Facility GA Stephens County Toccoa Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 362

L ong C ane Creek Water Pollution Control Plant City of LaGrange, GA GA Troup County LaGrange Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 733

Walter D. Williams Water Filter Plant City of LaGrange GA Troup County LaGrange Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 741

Rayonier Performance Fibers, LLC, Jesup Mill Ra yonier Inc. GA Wayne County Jesup Pulp and paper Chlorine 14.00 36,872

Styron LLC – Dalton, GA Styron LLC GA Whitfield County Dalton Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.10 767

Tiarco Chemical Division Textile Rubber and Chemical Company GA Whitfield County Dalton Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Carbon disulfide 2.10 2,977

Ashland Aqualon Functional Ingredients Ashland, Inc. GA Whitfield County Dalton Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene oxide 1.40 6,367

V.D. Parrott Jr. Water Treatment Plant Dalton Utilities GA Whitfield County Dalton Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 6,530

L and Application System Dalton Utilities GA Whitfield County Dalton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,718

H A WAII
Hamak ua Energy Partners, L .P. Great Point Power, Hamakua Holdings, LLC HI Hawaii County Honokaa Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 417

Puna Geothermal Venture Orni 8 LLC HI Hawaii County Pahoa Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 23

East Honolulu WWTP HawaiiAmerican Water Co. American Water Western Region* HI Honolulu County Honolulu Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 7,547

Tesoro Hawaii Corporation– Refinery Tesoro Corporation HI Honolulu County Kapolei Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.40 <10

### 86

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

B EI Hawaii – B arbers P oint Facility, Oahu Phoenix V LLC HI Honolulu County Kapolei Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 1.30 195

Chevron Refinery – 2009 Chevron Corporation HI Honolulu County Kapolei Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.50 1,254

AES Hawaii, Inc. AES Corporation HI Honolulu County Kapolei Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.40 46,367

Wailuku/ Kahului WWRF County of Maui HI Maui County Kahului Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,072

K ihei WWTP County of Maui HI Maui County Kihei Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,098

L ahaina WWRF County of Maui HI Maui County Lahaina Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 341

Waihee Deepwells Pump Station Maui Dept. of Water Supply County of Maui* HI Maui County Wailuku Water treatment Chlorine 0.10 <10

I O W A

Ra thbun Regional Water Association, Inc. IA Appanoose County Centerville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 35

Hydrite Chemical Co. – Waterloo Hydrite Chemical Co. IA Black Hawk County Waterloo Chemical manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 18.00 160,050

Osceola Water Plant IA Clarke County Osceola Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 2,637
Vertex Chemical Corporation Camanche, IA Vertex Chemical Corporation IA Clinton County Camanche Bleach manufacturing, ACC CBI Halogens and Halogen Oxides 14.00 57,806

Equistar Chemicals, L P Clinton Plant Equistar Chemicals, LP IA Clinton County Clinton Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 4.50 6,980

ADM Clinton Cogeneration Archer Daniels Midland IA Clinton County Clinton Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.30 14,696

B urlington Municipal Waterworks IA Des Moines County Burlington Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,078

Forest City Distribution Center–3M Company IA Hancock County Forest City Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 0.01 <10

Air L iquide Industrial US Galva, IA CO2 Facility Air Liquide Industrial US LP IA Ida County Galva Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.00 166

Iowa City Water Treatment Facility City of Iowa City Department of Public Works IA Johnson County Iowa City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,425

Iowa City Wastewater Treatment – South Plant City of Iowa City IA Johnson County Iowa City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,732

Iowa City Wastewater Treatment – North plant City of Iowa City IA Johnson County Iowa City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 26,894

The University of Iowa Water Plant The University of Iowa IA Johnson County Iowa City Water treatment Chlorine 5.40 87,594

Keok uk Water Treatment Plant Keokuk Municipal Water Department, Keokuk, Iowa IA Lee County Keokuk Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,983

Roquette America, Inc. ( Keok uk) Roquette America, Inc. IA Lee County Keokuk Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 8,419

Water Pollution Control Facilities City of Cedar Rapids IA Linn County Cedar Rapids Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,413

J Avenue Water Treatment Plant City of Cedar Rapids IA Linn County Cedar Rapids Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,586

Penford Products Co. Penford Corporation IA Linn County Cedar Rapids Wet corn milling Ethylene oxide 9.90 190,871

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# | 87 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population ADM Corn Processing – Cedar Rapids Archer Daniels Midland Company IA Linn County Cedar Rapids Wet corn milling Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 242,058

Northwest Water Treatment Plant City of Cedar Rapids IA Linn County Palo Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 15,889

Winterset Water Treatment Plant Winterset Municipal Utilities IA Madison County Winterset Water treatment Chlorine 2.23 1,946

Progress Park Drinking Water Treatment Muscatine Power and Water IA Muscatine County Muscatine Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 94

Grandview Avenue Drinking Water Treatment Muscatine Power and Water IA Muscatine County Muscatine Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 192

Power Generation Station Muscatine Power and Water IA Muscatine County Muscatine Electric power generation Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 0.90 816

Drinking Water Treatment at Generation Station Muscatine Power and Water IA Muscatine County Muscatine Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,075

L inde – Muscatine LInde LLC IA Muscatine County Muscatine Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 2,316

Des Moines Wastewater Reclamation Authority City of Des Moines IA Polk County Des Moines Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 46,493

Greater Des Moines Energy Center MidAmerican Energy Company MidAmerican Holdings Company* IA Polk County Pleasant Hill Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 <10

Council B lu !s Water Works NA IA Pottawattamie County Council Blu !s Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,200

East River Station Water Treatment Plant Iowa–American Water Company American Water Works Company, Inc.* IA Scott County Davenport Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,069

Colorbiotics BASF IA Story County Ames Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.50 4,451

Twelve Mile Water Treatment Plant City of Creston Water Works IA Union County Creston Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 164

Ottumwa Water & Hydro IA Wapello County Ottumwa Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,573

Praxair – Fort Dodge, IA Praxair, Inc. IA Webster County Duncombe Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.60 122

City of Sioux City Water Plant IA Woodbury County Sioux City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 135

I DAHO
Cit y of Pocatello POTW ID Bannock County Pocatello Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,285

City of Idaho Falla Water Pollution Control Plant ID Bonneville County Idaho Falls Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 11,960

Univar USA Inc. Univar USA Inc. ID Canyon County Nampa Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrochloric acid (conc. * 37%) 0.20 106

Raft River Energy I L LC U.S. Geothermal Inc. ID Cassia County Malta Electric power generation Isopentane 0.50 <10

Coeur d’Alene Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Coeur d’Alene, Idaho ID Kootenai County Coeur d’Alene Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,882

Clearwater Paper Corp. Idaho P&P Divison Clearwater Paper Corporation ID Nez Perce County Lewiston Pulp and paper Chlorine 7.70 43,175

### 88

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

ILL INOIS
Cit y of Quincy Wastewater Treatment Facility IL Adams County Quincy Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,254

City of Quincy, Water Department Filtration Facili City of Quincy IL Adams County Quincy Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,323

Illinois American Water – Champaign West Plant American Water IL Champaign County Champaign Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,324

Illinois American Water – Urbana East Plant American Water IL Champaign County Urbana Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 36,724

K incaid Generation, L

. L .C. Dominion Resources, Inc. IL Christian County Kincaid Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.00 1,286

Arkema Coating Resins Arkema Inc. IL Cook County Alsip Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.90 8,132

Argo Terminal Kinder Morgan Liquids Terminals, LLC Kinder Morgan, Inc.* IL Cook County Argo Chemical storage terminal Vinyl acetate
monomer 12.00 2,567,913

Univar USA Inc. – C B Univ ar USA Inc. IL Cook County Bedford Park Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.10 77

Ashland Specialty Chemical Co. –Calumet City, I L Ashland, Inc. IL Cook County Calumet City Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.31 970

Nalco Company – Plant 1 Ecolab IL Cook County Chicago Basic chemicals – ACC Epichlorohydrin 0.40 1,999

South Water Purification Plant (SWPP) City of Chicago Department of Water Management IL Cook County Chicago Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 26,587

James W. Jardine Water Purification Plant (JWPP) City of Chicago Department of Water Management IL Cook County Chicago Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 48,546

Chicago Hospitality, Chicago, I L T yson Foods Inc IL Cook County Chicago Ammonia refrigeration Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 105,513

PVS Chemical Solutions, Inc. PVS Chemicals Incorporated IL Cook County Chicago Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 25.00 4,952,436

Polychemie Inc. – Dolton, I LFacility SNF Holding Company IL Cook County Dolton Basic chemicals – ACC Dimethylamine 0.28 1,501

Evanston Water Utility City of Evanston IL Cook County Evanston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 26,951

K .A. Steel Chemicals, Inc. IL Cook County Lemont Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 1,555,061

Pelron IL Cook County Lyons Chemical manufacturing Ethylene oxide 8.70 1,715,472

Village of Northbrook, I L – Water Filtration Plant IL Cook County Northbrook Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,964

Airgas Specialty Products Inc., Riverdale, I L Air gas Inc. IL Cook County Riverdale Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 262,080

B renntag Great L akes, LLC – Chicago Br enntag North America Inc. IL Cook County Stickney Township Basic chemicals – ACC Chloroform 0.05 12

Willow Springs Terminal Rowell Chemical Corporation IL Cook County Willow Springs Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 2,371,153

Village of Winnetka Water Plant IL Cook County Winnetka Water treatment Chlorine 0.50 1,247

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 89 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Marathon Petroleum Company L P IRD Marathon Petroleum Company LP IL Crawford County Robinson Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 81,290

3M De Kalb Dis tribution Campus – 3M Company IL DeKalb County Dekalb Basic chemicals – ACC Methyl ether 0.02 <10

De Kalb Dis tribution Center (D K1) – 3M Company IL DeKalb County DeKalb Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 0.01 <10

De Kalb Dis tribution Center North – 3M Company IL DeKalb County DeKalb Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 0.01 <10

Air Products, Tuscola I L Air Pr oducts and Chemicals, Inc. IL Douglas County Tuscola Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.27 14

Equistar Chemicals, L P – Tuscola Plant Equistar Chemicals, LP IL Douglas County Tuscola Basic chemicals – ACC Ethyl ether 0.40 30

Cabot Corporation Cabot Corporation IL Douglas County Tuscola Basic chemicals – ACC Methyltrichlorosilane 2.20 872

West Chicago Rgnl Wastewater Treatment Facility IL DuPage County West Chicago Wastewater treatment 3.70 65,212

Duck Creek Power Station Ameren IL Fulton County Canton Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.70 1,692

Equistar Chemicals, L P – Morris Plant LyondellBasell Industries IL Grundy County Morris Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 1.40 2,270

Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC Morris Plan t Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc. IL Grundy County Morris Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 14.00 186,362

City of Galesburg – Oquawka Facility IL Henderson County Oquawka Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 350

K inkaid Area Water System Kinkaid–Reed’s Creek Conservancy District IL Jackson County Murphysboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,197

PPG Architectural Coatings Distribution Center PPG Industries, Incorporated IL Kane County Aurora Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.01 <10

City of Elgin – Airlite Water Treatment Facility IL Kane County Elgin Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,781

City of Elgin – Riverside Water Treatment Facility IL Kane County Elgin Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,426

Aqua Illinois, Inc. AQUA America Aqua Illinois, Inc.* IL Kankakee County Kankakee Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 128

Kankakee Polymer Plant Rohm and Haas Chemicals LLC IL Kankakee County Kankakee Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.45 726

Kankakee River Metropolitan Agency

– K RMA IL Kankakee County Kankakee Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.70 39,239

B ASF Corporation

– Kankakee, I L , Mfg. Facility BASF Corporation IL Kankakee County Kankakee Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.90 40,769

Dynegy Kendall Ener gy, LLC D ynegy, Inc. IL Kendall County Minooka Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.20 1,352

Fox Metro Water Reclamation District IL Kendall County Oswego Wastewater treatment Methane 0.20 283

Agrium US, Inc. IL La Salle County Marseilles Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 210,560

SA B IC Innovative Plastics–Ottawa SABIC US Innovative Plastics Holding US LP IL La Salle County Ottawa Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 2.80 3,113

### 90

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Peru Wastewater Treatment Plant IL La Salle County Peru Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,990

Petroferm Inc. Gurnee Plant site HIG Chemicals, Inc. IL Lake County Gurnee Cleaning agent manufacturing Ethylene oxide 9.90 393,166

George B . Prindle W

ater Treatment Plant City of Highland Park, IL IL Lake County Highland Park Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,419

North Chicago Water Treatment Plant City of North Chicago IL Lake County North Chicago Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 18,314

City of Waukgen Water Treatment Plant IL Lake County Waukegan Water treatment Chlorine 0.70 1,949

Illinois American Water – Streator Plant American Water IL Livingston County Streator Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,649

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag North America IL Macon County Decatur Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 4,817

City of Decatur – South Water Treatment Plant City of Decatur, Illinois IL Macon County Decatur Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,399

Tate & L yle – Deca tur Tate & Lyle Ingredients America, Inc IL Macon County Decatur Wet corn milling Ethylene oxide 9.90 98,267

Illinois–American Water Company, Alton Plant1 IL Madison County Alton Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,793

Koch Nitr ogen Company – Wood River Terminal Koch Nitrogen Company, LLC Koch Mineral Services, LLC* IL Madison County East Alton Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 11.00 273,854

Air Products, Granite City, I L Air Pr oducts and Chemicals, Inc. IL Madison County Granite City Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.25 348

Illinois–Amer. Water Co, Granite City Facility American Water Works Company, Inc. IL Madison County Granite City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,850

Airgas Specialty Products – Granite City Airgas, Inc. IL Madison County Granite City Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 350,064

Air L iquide Woodriver, I LCO2 Plant Air Liquide Industrial US LP IL Madison County Roxana Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.10 1,407

Phillips 66 Wood River Refinery Phillips 66 Company IL Madison County Roxana Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.13 1,857

Centralia Water Treatment Plant IL Marion County Centralia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,435

Salem Water Treatment Plant IL Marion County Salem Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 7,647

Mexichem Specialty Resins, Inc. – Henry Plant Mexichem, S.A.B. de C.V. IL Marshall County Henry Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl chloride 0.76 590

Emerald Performance Materials – Henry Plant Emerald Performance Materials, LLC IL Marshall County Henry Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Carbon disulfide 18.00 52,507

Honeywell Metropolis Works Honeywell International inc. IL Massac County Metropolis Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 130,073

Rohm and Haas Chemicals, LLC, Ringwood Facility Dow Chemical Company IL McHenry County Ringwood Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.40 518

City of B loomington Water Treatment Plant IL McLean County Hudson Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 226

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 91 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Town of Normal (Water Department) IL McLean County Normal Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 17,008

Co !een Energy Center Illinois Power Generating Company IL Montgomery County Co ! een Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.30 3,320

Celanese Lt d Celanese Ltd IL Morgan County Meredosia Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 1.03 83

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. IL Peoria County Bartonville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 19,180

Ameren Edwards Station IL Peoria County Bartonville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.20 25,967

Chemtura Corporation – Metal Organics Plant Chemtura Corporation IL Peoria County Mapleton Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene 0.30 19

L onza Inc. L onza Group Ltd. IL Peoria County Mapleton Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Methyl chloride 3.20 2,053

Evonik Goldschmidt Corporation Evonik Goldschmidt Corporation IL Peoria County Mapleton Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 4,859

Illinois–American Water Co. Main Station Facility American Water Works Company, Inc. IL Peoria County Peoria Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,327

Illinois–American Water Company San Kot y facility American Water Works Company, Inc. IL Peoria County Peoria Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,080

Dynegy Midwest Generation, B aldwin Ener gy Complex Dynegy Midwest Generation LLC. IL Randolph County Baldwin Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 11.00 20,023

City of Olney IL Richland County Olney Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,093 Cordova Energy Company, LLC MidAmerican Ener gy Holdings Company IL Rock Island County Cordova Electric power generation Ammonia (conc.

* 20%) 0.50 50

Cordova – 3M Company IL Rock Island County Cordova Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 381,454

Rock Island Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Rock Island, Illinois IL Rock Island County Rock Island Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 155,103

Rock Island Water Plant City of Rock Island IL Rock Island County Rock Island Water treatment Chlorine 5.40 172,995

CW L P’s Water Purification Plant City of Springfield IL Sangamon County Springfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,646

CW L P’s Dallman Power Station City of Springfield IL Sangamon County Springfield Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.60 103,481

Holland Energy, LLC. Wabash Valley Power Assoication Hoosier Energy* IL Shelby County Beecher City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 1,624

Solvay Fluorides, LLC – Alort on Plant Solvay Fluorides, L.L.C. IL St. Clair County Alorton Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 16.00 1,224,359

Praxair Distribution – Cahokia I L Pr axair, Inc. IL St. Clair County Cahokia Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.20 95

Vertex Chemical Corporation Dupo, I L Vertex Chemical Corporation IL St. Clair County Dupo Bleach manufacturing, ACC CBI Halogens and Halogen Oxides 14.00 993,614

Illinois–Amer. Water Co., East St. L ouis Facility IL St. Clair County East St. Louis Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,803

Kaskaskia Water District Water Treatment Plant IL St. Clair County New Athens Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 1,267

### 92

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Solutia W. G. K rummrich Plant Solutia IL St. Clair County Sauget Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 1,127,710

Afton Chemical Corporation NewMarket Corporation IL St. Clair County Sauget Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 1,127,779

Scott Air Force B ase HQ Air Mobilit y Command HQ USAF* IL St. Clair County Scott AFB Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,263

City of East Peoria Wastwater Treatment Plant IL Tazewell County East Peoria Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 184

Praxair – Pekin, I L Pr axair, Inc. IL Tazewell County Pekin Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 6,764

Aqua Illinois, Inc. AQUA America AQUA Illinois, Inc.* IL Vermilion County Danville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,876

DynaChem, Inc. IL Vermilion County Georgetown Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Epichlorohydrin 0.60 259

Prairie State Generating Station IL Washington County Marissa Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 7.70 5,793

ExxonMobil Oil Corporation Joliet Refinery Exxon Mobil Corporation IL Will County Channahon Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 1,275,778

Stepan Company Stepan Company IL Will County Elwood Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur trioxide 25.00 1,531,627

PDV Midwest Refining, LLC CIT GO Petroleum Corporation IL Will County Lemont Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 22.00 3,394,412

Solvay University Park Facility Solvay USA Inc. IL Will County University Park Basic chemicals – ACC Epichlorohydrin 0.37 107

The Dow Chemical Company IL Will County Wilmington Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.30 307

L ake of Egypt Water and Sewer District IL Williamson County Marion Water treatment Chlorine 1.60 373

Marion Generating Station IL Williamson County Marion Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.50 3,388

INDIANA

B renntag Great L akes, LLC – F ort Wayne Brenntag North America, Inc. IN Allen County Fort Wayne Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 17

Three Rivers Filtration Plant City of Fort Wayne City of Fort Wayne, Division of Utilities* IN Allen County Fort Wayne Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 20,948

Columbus Water Treatment Plant No. 2 City of Columbus Utilities IN Bartholomew County Columbus Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,809

Columbus Water Treatment Plant No. 1 City of Columbus Utilities IN Bartholomew County Columbus Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 35,368

L ogansport W

astewater Treatment Plant Logansport Municipal Utilities City of Logansport, Indiana USA* IN Cass County Logansport Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 0.90 3,065

L ogansport W ater Treatment Plant Logansport Municipal Utilities City of Logansport* IN Cass County Logansport Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,511

Town of Clarksville Wastewater Treatment Dept. IN Clark County Clarksville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,883

Indiana American Water–Southern Indiana Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Clark County Je ! ersonville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,418

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 93 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
DSM NeoResins – Frankfort DSM INC IN Clinton County Frankfort Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 1.20 270

Frankfort Wastewater Treatment Plant IN Clinton County Frankfort Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.60 15,867

Washington, Indiana CO2 Plant Air Liquid Industrial US IN Daviess County Washington Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.20 2,152

Air Products, B utler, IN Air Products and Chemicals IN DeKalb County Butler Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.30 25

Muncie Wastewater Treatment Plant Muncie Sanitary District IN Delaware County Muncie Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,742

Indiana American Water – Muncie Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Delaware County Muncie Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,272

Patoka L ake Regional Water & Sewer District IN Dubois County Dubois Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 82

Jasper Municipal Water Treatment Plant City of Jasper, Indiana IN Dubois County Jasper Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,234

Elkhart NW Well Field Water Treatment Plant IN Elkhart County Elkhart Water treatment Chlorine 3.30 26,235

Elkhart Wastewater Treatment Plant IN Elkhart County Elkhart Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.20 46,542

Elkhart N. Main St. WaterTreatment Plant IN Elkhart County Elkhart Water treatment Chlorine 3.20 52,580

Connersville Wastewater Treatment Plant Connersville Utilities City of Connersville* IN Fayette County Connersville Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 13,613

Gibson Generating Station Duke Energy Corp. IN Gibson County Owensville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.30 385

Marion Municipal Utilities City of Marion IN Grant County Marion Water treatment, wastewater Chlorine 1.30 270

Indiana American Water – Noblesville Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Hamilton County Noblesville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 29,660

City of Kokomo Waste Water Treatment Facility IN Howard County Kokomo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,975

Indiana American Water– Kokomo Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Howard County Kokomo Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,953

Indiana American Water–Seymour American Water IN Jackson County Seymour Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 18,932

Indiana American Water–Johnson County Sugar Creek Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Johnson County Franklin Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,699

Indiana American Water – Marlin Plant Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Johnson County Greenwood Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 35,935

Edwardsport IGCC Duke Energy Indiana, Inc. IN Knox County Edwardsport Electric power generation Hydrogen sulfide 8.70 9,898

Praxair – Whiting West Side Praxair, Inc. IN Lake County East Chicago Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.20 96

Praxair – East Chicago, IN Praxair, Inc. IN Lake County East Chicago Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.80 3,593

Praxair – Whiting, IN #5,6 Praxair, Inc. IN Lake County East Chicago Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 34,304

Kemira Water Solutions, Inc. Kemira IN Lake County East Chicago Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,362,857

### 94

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Indiana American Water – Northwest, B orman Park American Water Works Company IN Lake County Gary Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,587

L inde – Hammond Linde Gas North America, LLC IN Lake County Hammond Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.10 73

Hammond Water Filtration Plant City of Hammond IN Lake County Hammond Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,862

Saniatry District of Hammond IN Lake County Hammond Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 12,609

B P Products N.A. Whiting B usiness Unit BP America, Inc. IN Lake County Whiting Petroleum refinery Hydrogen sulfide 2.04 18,945

Whiting Clean Energy BP Alternative Energy IN Lake County Whiting Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 30,775

Alexander Chemical Corporation Carus Corporation IN LaPorte County Kingsbury Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 393,169

City of L a Porte – Water Works – East Plant IN LaPorte County La Porte Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 647

City of L a Porte – Water Works – L ake Street Plant IN LaPorte County La Porte Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 895

City of L a Porte – Wastewater Treatment Plant IN LaPorte County La Porte Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,650

Michigan City Water Filtration Plant Michigan City Department of Water Works IN LaPorte County Michigan Water treatment Chlorine 0.70 1,465

J. B . Gi !ord WWTP IN LaPorte County Michigan City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,172

On L ine Packaging, Incorporated – Michigan City IN LaPorte County Michigan City Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 125,953

B edford Illinois Street Water Treatment Plant IN Lawrence County Bedford, Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,060

City of Anderson, IN – Wheeler Ave Water Plant IN Madison County Anderson Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,787

City of Anderson, IN

– L afayette Water Plant IN Madison County Anderson Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 17,155

JCI Jones Chemicals Inc. B eech Grove, IN IN Marion County Beech Grove Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 1,138,689

L illy Technology Center Eli Lilly and Company IN Marion County Indianapolis Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylenediamine 0.20 124

Praxair Distribution – Indianapolis, IN Praxair, Inc. IN Marion County Indianapolis Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.30 659

Heritage–Crystal Clean LLC Indianapolis R e–refiner Heritage–Crystal Clean, Inc. IN Marion County Indianapolis Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Hydrogen 0.30 872

Heritage Environmental Services, LLC Heritage En vironmental Services, LLC IN Marion County Indianapolis Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Hydrochloric acid (conc. * 37%) 0.50 1,036

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag North America, Inc. IN Marion County Indianapolis Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 19,975

Vertellus Agriculture & Nutrition Specialties LLC Vertellus Specialties Inc. IN Marion County Indianapolis Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.00 249,780

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 95 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Speedway Water Works Surface Water Plant IN Marion County Speedway Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 11,319

Indiana American Water– Crawfordsville Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Montgomery County Crawfordsville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,587

Indianapolis Power & L ight Company AES Corporation IN Pike County Petersburg Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 4,191

Praxair – Chesterton, IN Praxair, Inc. IN Porter County Chesterton Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.20 23

Indiana American Water, Northwest, Ogden Dunes American Water Company IN Porter County Portage Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,625

Countrymark Co–op, LL P. IN Posey County Mt. Vernon Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 7.50 12,516

SA B IC Innovative Plastics – Mt. Vernon SABIC Innovative Plastics US LLC IN Posey County Mt. Vernon Basic chemicals – ACC Phosgene 12.00 22,283

Indiana American Water–Shelbyville Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Shelby County Shelbyville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,641

City of South B end Wastewater Treatement Plant City of South Bend, Department of Public Works IN St. Joseph County South Bend Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,805

North Pumping Station and Well Field City of South Bend IN St. Joseph County South Bend Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 19,712

Merom Generating Station Hoosier Energy Rural Electric Cooperative Inc IN Sullivan County Sullivan Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.00 5,569

Tippecanoe L aboratories Evonik Industries AG IN Tippecanoe County Lafayette Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 21,023

Tate & L yle S agamore Staley Holdings, Inc. IN Tippecanoe County Lafayette Wet corn milling Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 5.60 129,511

Tate & L yle , L afayette South Tate & Lyle Ingredients A.E. Staley Manufacturing Company* IN Tippecanoe County Lafayette Wet corn milling Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 13.00 177,793

Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Evansville IN Vanderburgh County Evansville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.00 2,564

Eastside Wastewater Treatment Plant Evansville Water & Sewer Utility Environmental Management Corporation* IN Vanderburgh County Evansville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.00 6,389

Evansville Water Filtration Plant City of Evansville Indiana IN Vanderburgh County Evansville Water treatment Chlorine 1.70 15,070

Clinton L aboratories Eli Lilly and Company IN Vermillion County Clinton Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 1,202

Terre Haute Wastewater Utility City of Terre Haute, IN IN Vigo County Terre Haute Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.10 10,585

Indiana American Water–Terre Haute Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Vigo County Terre Haute Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,786

Hydrite Chemical Co. – Terre Haute Hydrite Chemical Co. IN Vigo County Terre Haute Chemical manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 13.00 111,613

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. IN Vigo County Terre Haute Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 117,707

Indiana American Water–Newburgh Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Warrick County Newburgh Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,674

### 96

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Indiana American Water–Richmond Elks Road Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Wayne County Richmond Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,099

Indiana American Water–Richmond Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Wayne County Richmond Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,158

Richmond Sanitary District IN Wayne County Richmond Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,467

Indiana American Water–Richmond 4th Street Thames Water LLC RWE AG* IN Wayne County Richmond Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,716

B lu !ton Wastewater Treatment Facility IN Wells County Blu ! ton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.50 4,451

K ANSAS

F ort Scott Water Treatment Plant City of Fort Scott, KS KS Bourbon County Fort Scott Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,618

City of El Dorado Water Treatment Facility City of El Dorado KS Butler County El Dorado Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,018

Frontier El Dorado Refining LLC HollyF rontier Corporation KS Butler County El Dorado Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 4.80 13,625

Evonik Jayhawk Fine Chemicals Evonik Industries KS Cherokee County Galena Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Methyl chloroformate 17.00 129,126

Arkansas City Water Treatment Plant City of Arkansas City, Kansas KS Cowley County Arkansas City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,062

City of Winfield Municipal Water Plant KS Cowley County Winfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,872

Pittsburg, Kansas W

ater Treatment Plan KS Crawford County Pittsburg Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 7,846

Tri–District Water Treatment Facility KS Douglas County Berryton Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 343

City of Hays Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Hays KS Ellis County Hays Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,153

City of Hays Water Softening Plant City of Hays, Kansas KS Ellis County Hays Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,841

Praxair – Dodge City, KS Praxair, Inc. KS Ford County Wright Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.40 1,390

Ottawa Water Treatment Plant City of Ottawa, Kansas KS Franklin County Ottawa Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,750

Junction City Water Treatment Plant City of Junction City KS Geary County Junction City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 30

Mission Plant City of Newton KS Harvey County Newton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 157
Olathe Water Treatment Plant No. 2 KS Johnson County Lenexa Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,909

Parsons Water Treatment Plant City of Parsons, KS KS Labette County Parsons Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,359

Water Plant #2 Leavenworth Water Dept. KS Leavenworth County Lansing Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,510

Water Plant #1 Leavenworth Water Dept. KS Leavenworth County Leavenworth Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,639

L aCygne Generating Station Kansas City Power & Light Company Great Plains Energy, Inc.* KS Linn County LaCygne Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 8.90 4,783

Emporia Water Treatment Plant KS Lyon County Emporia Water treatment Chlorine 2.63 21,113

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 97 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population National Cooperative Refinery Association (NCRA) Cenex–Harvest States (CHS) KS McPherson County McPherson Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 92,786

City of Gardner, Hillsdale Water Treatment Plant City of Gardner, Kansas KS Miami County Spring Hill Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,710

Co !eyville, Kansas W

ater Treatment Plant City of co ! eyville, Kansas KS Montgomery County Co ! eyville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 6,064

Co !eyville Resources Refining and Marketing, LLC C VR Refining, LP KS Montgomery County Co ! eyville Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 12.00 19,910

Water Treatment Plant City of Independence, Kansas KS Montgomery County Independence Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,090

City of Chanute Water Treatment Plant CIty of Chanute KS Neosho County Chanute Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,180

Hutchinson Water Treatment Center City of Hutchinson KS Reno County Hutchinson Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 5,718

Russell Water Treatment Plant City of Russell KS Russell County Russell Water treatment Chlorine 2.90 2,100

Salina Water Treatment Plant City of Salina, Kansas KS Saline County Salina Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,731

Air Products Manufacturing Corporation Air Products and Chemicals Inc. KS Sedgwick County Haysville Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 22.00 536,536

B renntag Southwest, Inc. Wichita Brenntag, Inc. KS Sedgwick County Wichita Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 17,472

Water Treatment Plant City of Wichita,Kansas KS Sedgwick County Wichita Water treatment Chlorine 6.20 283,978

Occidental Chemical Corporation Occidental Chemical Corporation KS Sedgwick County Wichita Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 552,723

City of L iberal Domestic Waste Treatment Plant City of Liberal KS Seward County Liberal Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.60 12,067

Topeka Water Treatment Plant City of Topeka, Kansas KS Shawnee County Topeka Water treatment Chlorine 14.00 181,078

City of Wellington, KS W ater Treatment Plant City of Wellington, KS KS Sumner County Wellington Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 92

Hansen Water Treatment Plant Water District No. 1 of Johnson County KS Wyandotte County Kansas City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 748

Nearman Water Treatment Plant Board of Public Utilities, Kansas City, KS. KS Wyandotte County Kansas City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,595

The Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Company The Procter & Gamble Company KS Wyandotte County Kansas City Basic chemicals – ACC Epichlorohydrin 1.10 6,758

Airgas Specialty Products Inc., Kansas Cit y, KS Air gas Inc. KS Wyandotte County Kansas City Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 189,902

Harcros Chemicals Inc. – Kansas Cit y KS Wyandotte County Kansas City Cleaning agent manufacturing Ethylene oxide 8.70 432,027

KENTUC K Y
MeadWestvaco Virginia Corp– Wickli !e Carbon Plant MeadWestvaco Corporation KY Ballard County Wickli ! e Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 1,477

Wickli !e Paper Company NewPage Corporation KY Ballard County Wickli ! e Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 93,579

L ucas Water Treatment Plant Glasgow Water Company KY Barren County Glasgow Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 567

### 98

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Glasgow Wastewater Treatment Plant Glasgow Water Company KY Barren County Glasgow Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 812

East B end Generating Station Duke Energy Corporation KY Boone County Union Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 464

Paris Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Paris KY Bourbon County Paris Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 9,962

Paris Water Treatment Plant City of Paris Combined Utilities KY Bourbon County Paris Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,610

Ashland Wastewater Treatment Plant KY Boyd County Ashland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,066

Air Products – Catlettsburg, K Y Air Pr oducts and Chemicals, Inc. KY Boyd County Catlettsburg Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.06 <10

Catlettsburg Refining, LLC Mar athon Petroleum Company, LP KY Boyd County Catlettsburg Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 303,045

R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. – Murray Division R.T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. KY Calloway County Murray Basic chemicals – ACC Carbon disulfide 0.86 637

Dow Corning Corporation Carrollton Site The Dow Chemical Company Corning Incorporated* KY Carroll County Carrollton Basic chemicals – ACC Dimethyldichlorosilane 25.00 132,840

PMC Organometallix – Carrollton Plant PMC Group, Inc. KY Carroll County Carrollton Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 136,350

Ghent Station Kentucky Utilities Company PPL Corp.* KY Carroll County Ghent Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 7.00 11,661

Amfine Chemical Corporation ADEKA Corporation Mitsubishi Co. Japan/ Mitsubishi Int. USA* KY Christian County Hopkinsville Basic chemicals – ACC Phosphorus oxychloride 1.00 107

HWEA: Northside Waste Water Treatment Plant Hopkinsville Water Environment Authority KY Christian County Hopkinsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,394

HWEA: Moss Water Treatment Plant Hopkinsville Water Environment Authority KY Christian County Hopkinsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 11,925

Winchester Water Treatment Plant Winchester Municipal Utilities KY Clark County Winchester Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,400

Owensboro Municipal Utilities Owensboro Municipal Utilities KY Daviess County Owensboro Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 36,020

Water Plant A Owensboro Municipal Utilities KY Daviess County Owensboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 37,591

Ken tucky–American Water Company Ken tucky River Sta American Water Works Service Company, Inc. KY Fayette County Lexington Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 4,383

Town B ranch WWTP Lexington–Fayette Urban County Government KY Fayette County Lexington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,216

Ken tucky American Water Co Richmond Rd Station American Water Works Service Company, Inc. KY Fayette County Lexington Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 104,874

DuPont Wurtland Plant E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company KY Greenup County Wurtland Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 25.00 309,387

Domtar Paper Company, LLC –Hawesville Mill Domtar Paper Company, LLC KY Hancock County Hawesville Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 4.78 12,058

Pirtle Springs Plant Hardin County Water District #1 KY Hardin County Cecilia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 243

Valley Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Elizabethtown KY Hardin County Elizabethtown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 4,205

City Spring Water Treatment Plant City of Elizabethtown KY Hardin County Elizabethtown Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 13,692

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 99 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

Freeman L ake Water Treatment Plant City of Elizabethtown KY Hardin County Elizabethtown Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 21,569

White Mills Treatment Plant Hardin County Water District No. 2 KY Hardin County Glendale Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 963

Mosaic Henderson K Y T

erminal Mosaic Crop Nutrition, LLC KY Henderson County Henderson Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 8.90 37,683

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. KY Henderson County Henderson Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 328,509

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. L ouisville, K Y Momen tive Specialty Chemicals Inc. KY Je ! erson County Louisville Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 1.59 5,936

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. KY Je ! erson County Louisville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 15,703

Mill Creek Station LG&E and KU Energy, LLC KY Je ! erson County Louisville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.60 33,796

Crescent Hill Water Treatment Plant Louisville Water Company KY Je ! erson County Louisville Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 71,708

J B S L ouisville Pork Processing Facility JBS USA LLC KY Je ! erson County Louisville Ammonia refrigeration Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.20 110,926

Forth Technologies, Inc. KY Je ! erson County Louisville Dye and pigment manufacturing Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 3.60 154,974

L ubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. The Lubrizol Corporation KY Je ! erson County Louisville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 795,131

Dupont L ouisville Works E. I. Dupont de Nemours Inc. KY Je ! erson County Louisville Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 16.00 873,861

B . E. P ayne Water Treatment Plant Louisville Water Company KY Je ! erson County Prospect Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,529

West Hickman Creek WWTP Lexington–Fayette Urban County Government KY Jessamine County Nicholasville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 22,599

L ondon W ater Treatment Plant Utility Commision of the City of London London Utility Commission* KY Laurel County London Water treatment Chlorine 10.00 47,718

B erea Municipal Water Treatment Plant Berea Municipal Utilities KY Madison County Berea Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,797

Wacker Chemical Corporation, Polymers Division– Mai KY Marshall County Calvert City Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 1.10 527

B rennag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag USA KY Marshall County Calvert City Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 735

Wacker Chemical Corporation, Polymers Division– VAM KY Marshall County Calvert City Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 4.00 4,427

ISP Chemicals LLC ISP Chemc o LLC KY Marshall County Calvert City Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 8.90 20,215

Westlake Vinyls, Inc. Westlake Chemical Corporation KY Marshall County Calvert City Petrochemical manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 144,474

Arkema Inc. – Calvert City, K Y plan t Arkema Delaware Inc. KY Marshall County Calvert City Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 146,511

Spurlock Power Station East Kentucky Power Cooperative, Inc. KY Mason County Maysville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 14,059

Arch Chemicals,Inc.– B randenburg, K y
. Facility A fully owned subsidiary of Lonza KY Meade County Brandenburg Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ethylene oxide 12.00 41,438

### 100

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Harrodsburg Wastewater Treatment Plant KY Mercer County Harrodsburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,057

Ken tucky Utilities – E.W. B rown Station LG&E and KU Energy LLC KY Mercer County Harrodsburg Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 20,310

TVA – Paradise Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority KY Muhlenberg County Drakesboro Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 3,001

B ar dstown Water Treatment Plant City of Bardstown KY Nelson County Bardstown Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,704

B ar dstown Wastewater Treatment Plant – Town Creek City of Bardstown KY Nelson County Bardstown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,507

B ig Rivers Electric Corp. – D. B . W ilson Station Big Rivers Electric Corp. KY Ohio County Centertown Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 8.00 9,511

Ken tucky River Station II KY Owen County Owenton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,363

Somerset Water Service City of Somerset KY Pulaski County Somerset Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,003

Pitman Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Somerset, KY KY Pulaski County Somerset Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,108

Mount Vernon Water Treatment Plant City of Mount Vernon
Mount Vernon Water Works* KY Rockcastle County Mount Vernon Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 1,064

Morehead Utility Plant B oard Water Treatment Plant Morehead Utility Plant Board KY Rowan County Morehead Water treatment Chlorine 5.00 3,231

Jamestown Wastewater Treatment Plant KY Russell County Jamestown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 308

Jamestown Water Plant KY Russell County Jamestown Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,597

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. KY Scott County Georgetown Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 504

Shelbyville Water Treatment Plant Shelbyville Municipal Water & Sewer Commission KY Shelby County Shelbyville Water treatment Chlorine 2.63 3,461

Franklin Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Franklin KY Simpson County Franklin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 703

Campbellsville Wastewater Treatment Plant Campbellsville Municipal Water and Sewer System KY Taylor County Campbellsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,957

Henry County Water Treatment Plant Henry County Water District #2 KY Trimble County Bedford Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 738

Trimble County Station LG&E and KU Energy LLC Louisville Gas & Electric Company* KY Trimble County Bedford Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 2,987

B GMU Water Treatment Plant Bowling Green Municipal Utilities KY Warren County Bowling Green Water treatment Chlorine 10.00 101,406

B ig Rivers Electric Corp. – Reid/ Henderson/Green Big Rivers Electric Corp. KY Webster County Robards Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 5,547

Water Treatment Plant KY Whitley County Corbin Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,016

Versailles Wastewater Treatment Plant KY Woodford County Versailles Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 6,452

Versailles Water Treatment Plant City of Versailles, Kentucky KY Woodford County Versailles Water treatment Chlorine 6.30 25,762

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 101 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

L OUISIANA

L ouisiana W ater Company – Crowley Water Plant Utility Holdings, Inc. LA Acadia Parish Crowley Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,001

Acadia Power Station Cleco Power, LLC LA Acadia Parish Eunice Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.30 1,551

City of Rayne Water Treatment Plant LA Acadia Parish Rayne Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,694

B aker Petrlolite Corporation – Rayne B lend Plant LA Acadia Parish Rayne Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Acrolein 25.00 425,347

City of Oakdale Treatment Plant City of Oakdale LA Allen Parish Oakdale Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,889

DuPont B urnside Plant E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company LA Ascension Parish Darrow Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur trioxide 25.00 498,364

Air Products, Geismar 2 SSU Plant Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. LA Ascension Parish Geismar Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.17 18

Momentive Speciality Chemicals Inc. Momentive Speciality Chemicals Inc. LA Ascension Parish Geismar Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.54 185

Praxair – Geismar, L A Pr axair, Inc. LA Ascension Parish Geismar Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 4,256

L ion Copolymer Geismar, LLC LA Asc ension Parish Geismar Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 8,288

B ASF Corporation Geismar Site BASF Corporation LA Ascension Parish Geismar Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Phosgene 6.80 45,774

Shell Chemical Company L P Shell Oil Company LA Ascension Parish Geismar Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 11.00 106,053

Occidental Chemical Corporation – Geismar Plant Occidental Petroleum Corporation LA Ascension Parish Geismar Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 649,226

Rubicon LLC LA Asc ension Parish Geismar Chemical manufacturing Phosgene 25.00 661,435

Westlake Vinyls Company Westlake Group of Companies LA Ascension Parish Geismar Petrochemical manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 670,922

PCS Nitrogen Fertilizer, L .P. Potash Corporation of Sacatchewan LA Ascension Parish Geismar Chemical manufacturing Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 25.00 674,944

Honeywell International Inc., Geismar Plant Honeywell International Inc. LA Ascension Parish Geismar Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 687,088

The Dow Chemical Company – Grand B a you Operations The Dow Chemical Company LA Assumption Parish Belle Rose Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 2,015

Assumption Parish Water Works District #1 LA Assumption Parish Napoleonville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 908

City of B unkie – Waste Water Treatment Plant The City of Bunkie LA Avoyelles Parish Bunkie Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 1,900

B oise Packaging and Newsprint, LLC Boise Inc. LA Beauregard Parish DeRidder Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 14.00 30,600

B ossier City Water Treatment Plant City of Bossier City LA Bossier Parish Bossier City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,361

Northeast Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Bossier City LA Bossier Parish Bossier City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,111

Red River Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Bossier City LA Bossier Parish Bossier City Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 53,489

Calumet Shreveport L ubricants and Waxes, LLC C alumet Specialty Products Partners, LP LA Caddo Parish Shreveport Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.80 5,785

### 102

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Calcasieu Refining Company Transworld Oil USA, Inc. LA Calcasieu Parish Lake Charles Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.60 196

GH West Water Plant City of Lake Charles LA Calcasieu Parish Lake Charles Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,209
Southwest Water Plant City of Lake Charles LA Calcasieu Parish Lake Charles Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,530

City of L ake Charles – Chennault Water Plant City of Lake Charles LA Calcasieu Parish Lake Charles Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,108

McNeese Water Plant City of Lake Charles LA Calcasieu Parish Lake Charles Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,513
Center West Water Plant City of Lake Charles LA Calcasieu Parish Lake Charles Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,773

Center East Water Plant City of Lake Charles LA Calcasieu Parish Lake Charles Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,813

CITGO Petroleum Corporation– Refinery LA Calcasieu Parish Lake Charles Petroleum refinery Hydrogen sulfide 4.00 22,407

Gradney Street Water Treatment Facility City of Sulphur, Louisiana LA Calcasieu Parish Sulphur Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,678

Verdine Street Water Treatment Facility City of Sulphur, Louisiana LA Calcasieu Parish Sulphur Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,812

Texas B utylene Chemical Corporation– L ake Charles Texas Petrochemicals, LLC LA Calcasieu Parish West Lake Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 1.10 174

Westlake, L ouisiana Hydrogen Facility Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

Equistar Chemicals, L P – L ake Charles Polymers Equistar Chemicals, LP LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake Basic chemicals – ACC 1–Butene 0.46 18

Phillips 66 Company

– L ake Charles Refinery Phillips 66 Company LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.94 477

L ouisiana Pigmen t Company, L .P. KRONOS Louisiana, Inc. Tioxide Americas, Inc.* LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake Dye and pigment manufacturing Titanium tetrachloride 9.30 128,583

Sasol North America Inc. LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 17.00 181,892

Eagle US 2 LLC, L ake Charles Plant Eagle US 2 LLC LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 21.10 196,808

Arch Chemicals, Inc. Lonza LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Methyl hydrazine 25.00 207,600

Georgia Gulf L ake Charles, LLC Geor gia Gulf Corporation LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 25.00 208,110

Excel Paralubes Phillips 66 Company FHR Lubricants, LLC* LA Calcasieu Parish Westlake, La Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.38 47

Town of Vidalia Water Treatment Plant LA Concordia Parish Vidalia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,538

Town of Vidalia Waste Water Treatment Plant LA Concordia Parish Vidalia Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,548

B a ton Rouge SMR Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

ExxonMobil B a ton Rouge Polyolefins Plant ( B RPO) Exxon Mobil Corporation LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.43 159

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 103 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
ExxonMobil B a ton Rouge Resin Finishing Plant ExxonMobil Corporation LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Pentane 1.20 1,321

ExxonMobil Chemical Co. B a ton Rouge Plastics Plant Exxon Mobil Corporation LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 1.20 3,623

ExxonMobil Refining & Supply – B a ton Rouge Refiner ExxonMobil Corporation LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Petroleum refinery Butane 1.50 15,856

Albemarle Corporation Process Development Center Albemarle Corporation LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Bromine 2.77 44,614

North Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Baton Rouge – East Baton Rouge Parish LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 77,706

Central Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Baton Rouge – East Baton Rouge Parish LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 134,372

Solvay USA Inc., B a ton Rouge Facility Solvay USA Inc. LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Propionitrile 6.80 170,240

L ion Copolymer, B a ton Rouge Plant Lion Copolymer, Inc. LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 11.00 368,900

ExxonMobil B a ton Rouge Chemical Plant Exxon Mobil Corporation LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 475,951

Formosa Plastics Corp., L A F ormosa Plastics Corp., USA LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Petrochemical manufacturing Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 25.00 701,578

Honeywell International Inc. B a ton Rouge Plant Honeywell International inc. LA East Baton Rouge Parish Baton Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 40.00 871,143

B ASF–Zachary BASF Americas Corporation LA East Baton Rouge Parish Zachary Basic chemicals – ACC Methyl chloride 3.70 6,956

Port Hudson Operations Georgia–Pacific Consumer Operations LLC LA East Baton Rouge Parish Zachary Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 565,273

Myriant L ake Providence, Inc. Myriant Corporation LA East Carroll Parish Lake Providence Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 8.00 3,988

Evangeline Power Station CLECO Evangeline, LLC CLECO Mid Stream Resources, LLC* LA Evangeline Parish St. Landry Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 2,102

Tete B a you Waste Water Treatment Plant Iberia Parish Sewerage District #1 City of New Iberia* LA Iberia Parish New Iberia Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,671

CVD, Inc The Dow Chemical Company LA Iberia Parish New Iberia Basic chemicals – ACC Methyltrichlorosilane 6.20 3,860

Highway 14 Wastewater Treatment Plant City of New Iberia LA Iberia Parish New Iberia Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,204

L ouisiana W ater Company – New Iberia Water Plant Utility Holdings, Inc. LA Iberia Parish New Iberia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,406

Flopam, Inc. SNF Holding Company LA Iberville Parish Plaquemine Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 17.00 490,678

The Dow Chemical Company– L ouisiana Operations The Dow Chemical Company LA Iberville Parish Plaquemine Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 19.00 517,411

Shintech Plaquemine Plant 1 Shintech Incorporated C–K Tech, Inc.* LA Iberville Parish Plaquemine Plastics manufacturing Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 23.00 634,108

Axiall Corporation – Plaquemine Facility LA Iberville Parish Plaquemine Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 654,413

### 104

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

B renntag Southwest St Gabriel Brenntag, Inc. LA Iberville Parish St. Gabriel Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 1.40 829

B renntag Southwest, Inc. St. Gabriel B leach Plant Brenntag, Inc. LA Iberville Parish St. Gabriel Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 5.40 11,066

St. Gabriel Plant Taminco, Inc. LA Iberville Parish St. Gabriel Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 15.00 393,855

B alchem C orporation – St. Gabriel Balchem Corporation LA Iberville Parish St. Gabriel Animal food manufacturing Ethylene oxide 18.00 516,011

Mexichem Fluor Inc. – St. Gabriel Site Mexichem Fluor SA de CV LA Iberville Parish St. Gabriel Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 22.00 609,157

Pioneer Americas LLC d/b/ a/ Olin Chlor Alkali Olin Chlor Alkali LA Iberville Parish St. Gabriel Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 689,240

Delta St. Gabriel Delta Petroleum Company Grief* LA Iberville Parish St. Gabriel Chemical wholesale Toluene 2,6–diisocyanate 25.00 691,740

City of Gretna Wastewater Treatment Plant LA Je ! erson Parish Gretna Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 9,613

City of Gretna Water Treatment Plant LA Je ! erson Parish Gretna Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 10,006

East Je !erson Water Treatment Plant Je ! erson Parish Water Department LA Je ! erson Parish Je ! erson Water treatment Chlorine 0.50 3,005

West B ank W ater Treatment Plant Je ! erson Parish Department of Water LA Je ! erson Parish Marrero Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,939

Evonik CYRO – Fortier Plant EVONIK C YRO Industries LLC LA Je ! erson Parish Waggaman Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Hydrocyanic acid 1.40 4,771

Cornerstone Chemical Company LA Je ! erson Parish Waggaman Chemical manufacturing Hydrocyanic acid 6.80 232,598

City of Westwego’s Wastewater Treatment Plant LA Je ! erson Parish Westwego Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.72 3,191

City of Westwego Water Treatment Plant LA Je ! erson Parish Westwego Water treatment Chlorine 0.72 3,825

South Water Treatment Plant LA Lafayette Parish Lafayette Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,498

North Water Treatment Plant LA Lafayette Parish Lafayette Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 8,736

East Sewage Treatment Plant LA Lafayette Parish Lafayette Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,449

Ambassador Ca !ery Treatment Plant LA Lafayette Parish Lafayette Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,722

South Wastewater Treatment Plant LA Lafayette Parish Lafayette Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,883

Northeast Waste Water Treatment Plant LA Lafayette Parish Lafayette Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 21,387

L afourche Parish Water District No. 1– South Plant LA Lafourche Parish Lockport Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,745

L afourche Parish Water District No. 1– North Plant LA Lafourche Parish Thibodaux Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 17,990

Air Products New Orleans Terminal Air Products and Chemicals, Inc LA Orleans Parish New Orleans Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.20 <10

Air Products, New Orleans H2 Facility Air Products and Chemicals Inc LA Orleans Parish New Orleans Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.80 301

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 105 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Westbank Sewage Treatment Plant Sewerage & Water Board of New Orleans LA Orleans Parish New Orleans Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,821

Carrollton Water Purification Plant Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans LA Orleans Parish New Orleans Water treatment Chlorine 9.90 751,074

East B ank W

astewater Treatment Plant Sewerage & Water Board of New Orleans LA Orleans Parish New Orleans Wastewater treatment Chlorine 14.00 758,182

City of Monroe Water Treatment Plant LA Ouachita Parish Monroe Water treatment Chlorine 4.49 70,835

Perryville Electric Generating Plant Entergy Louisiana, Inc. LA Ouachita Parish Sterlington Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 2,327

Angus Chemical Company– Sterlington Plant The Dow Chemical Company LA Ouachita Parish Sterlington Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 11.00 52,336

City of West Monroe Wastewater Treatment Plant LA Ouachita Parish West Monroe Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,353

Chevron Oronite Company LLC – Oak P oint Plant Chevron Corporation LA Plaquemines Parish Belle Chasse Basic chemicals – ACC Boron trifluoride 3.40 7,655

Phillips 66 Company Alliance Refinery Phillips 66 Company LA Plaquemines Parish Belle Chasse Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 703,760

Momentive Speciality Chemicals Inc. Momentive Speciality Chemicals Holdings LLC LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.57 592

Water Department, Ground Storage Castor Plunge City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 612

Water Department, Hwy. 28 West Site City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 1,943

WW Treatment Plant, Hudson Site City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,823

Water Department, L ewis Site City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 12,975

Water Department, Hamilton Site City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 16,626

Water Department, Hwy 1 Site City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 22,706

Water Department, Armory Site City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 28,920

Water Department, City Park Station City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 36,541

Water Department, Sterkx Road City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 36,695

Water Department, Adams Station City of Alexandria LA Rapides Parish Alexandria Water treatment Chlorine 11.00 84,923

Odor–Tech LLC Ark ema Delaware Inc. LA Rapides Parish Pineville Basic chemicals – ACC Ethyl mercaptan 0.32 30

Water Department, L ibuse Water Well City of Pineville LA Rapides Parish Pineville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 463

Water Department, Janet Drive Water Well City of Pineville LA Rapides Parish Pineville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 642

Water Department, Highway 107 City of Pineville LA Rapides Parish Pineville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,874

Water Department , Je !erson Hwy Water Well City of Pineville LA Rapides Parish Pineville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,677

City of Pineville Paper Mill Road Wells City of Pineville LA Rapides Parish Pineville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,822

### 106

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Water Department, L akeview Water Well City of Pineville LA Rapides Parish Pineville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,953

Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Pineville LA Rapides Parish Pineville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,208

Many Water Treatment Plant LA Sabine Parish Many Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 523

St. B ernard Parish Water Treatment Plant Department of Public Works St. Bernard Parish Government* LA St. Bernard Parish Chalmette Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,164

Chalmette Refining, L

. L .C. Chalmette Refining, L.L.C LA St. Bernard Parish Chalmette Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 920,095

Meraux Refinery Valero Refining – Meraux LLC LA St. Bernard Parish Meraux Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 913,057

Praxair Distribution – Taft, L A Pr axair, Inc. LA St. Charles Parish Hahnville Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene 0.20 20

Galata Chemicals – Taft Facility Galata Chemicals, LLC LA St. Charles Parish Hahnville Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 34,985

Arkema Coating Resins– Hahnville Arkema Inc. LA St. Charles Parish Hahnville Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 7.40 48,083

Occidental Chemical Taft Plant Occidental Petroleum Corporation LA St. Charles Parish Hahnville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 759,471

Air Products, L uling H2 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc LA St. Charles Parish Luling Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.11 19

St. Charles Parish Waterworks District 2 LA St. Charles Parish Luling Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 18,063

L uling Oxidation Pond St. Charles Parish Council LA St. Charles Parish Luling Wastewater treatment Chlorine 6.00 25,865

Monsanto Company L uling Plant LA St. Charles Parish Luling Chemical manufacturing Phosphorus trichloride 16.00 530,484

St. Charles Parish Waterworks District 1 LA St. Charles Parish New Sarpy Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 8,419

Praxair 416 SMR HYCO Site (St. Charles) Praxair, Inc. LA St. Charles Parish Norco Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.07 <10

Cypress Catalyst Plant W.R. Grace & Conn. – Conn. W.R. Grace & Co.* LA St. Charles Parish Norco Basic chemicals – ACC Titanium tetrachloride 0.60 1,224

Norco Chemical Plant – West Site Shell Chemical LP LA St. Charles Parish Norco Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 1.80 3,626

Norco Chemical Plant – East Site Shell Chemical LP LA St. Charles Parish Norco Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 8,745

Valero St. Charles Refinery Valero Refining–New Orleans, L.L.C. LA St. Charles Parish Norco Petroleum refinery Hydrogen sulfide 2.40 10,854

MOTIVA Enterprises, LLC – Nor co, L A R efinery Motiva Enterprises, LLC LA St. Charles Parish Norco Petroleum refinery Hydrochloric acid (conc. * 37%) 4.10 16,354

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. Norco Facility Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC LA St. Charles Parish Norco Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 16.00 317,596

St. Rose Facility Equilon Enterprises LLC dba Shell Oil Products US LA St. Charles Parish St. Rose Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrogen sulfide 12.00 320,361

St. Charles Operations Union Carbide Corporation The Dow Chemical Company* LA St. Charles Parish Taft Basic chemicals – ACC Acrolein 25.00 796,239

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 107 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Convent, L ouisiana Hydrogen Facility Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. LA St. James Parish Convent Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

Motiva Enterprises LLC – C onvent Refinery 2012 Motiva Enterprises, LLC LA St. James Parish Convent Petroleum refinery Butane 1.10 220

Occidental Chemical Corporation Convent Plant Occidental Petroleum Corporation LA St. James Parish Convent Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 316,251

Faustina Plant Mosaic Fertilizer, LLC Mosaic Fertilizer, LLC* LA St. James Parish St. James Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 403,278

Garyville, L A SMR Air Pr oducts and Chemicals, Inc. LA St. John the Baptist Parish Garyville Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.11 15

Nalco Company – Garyville, L A facility Nalco Company LA St. John the Baptist Parish Garyville Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 5,333

Marathon Petroleum Company L P L AR efiningDivision Marathon Petroleum Company LP LA St. John the Baptist Parish Garyville Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 943,819

River Road Treatment Plant St. John the Baptist Parish LA St. John the Baptist Parish LaPlace Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 5,004

Woodland Treatment Plant St. John the Baptist Parish LA St. John the Baptist Parish LaPlace Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 16,217

DuPont Pontchartrain Site E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. LA St. John the Baptist Parish LaPlace Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 43,533

DuPont Performance Elastomers L

. L .C., Pont. Site E.I. duPont de Nemours & Company LA St. John the Baptist Parish LaPlace Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 16.00 138,734

L yons Water plant St. John the Baptist Parish LA St. John the Baptist Parish Reserve Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,506

Air Products, Reserve, L A Air Pr oducts Performance Manufacturing, Inc. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.* LA St. John the Baptist Parish Reserve Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 9.90 58,433

DPC Enterprises, L .P. LA St. John the Baptist Parish Reserve Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 85,109

Ruddock Water Well St. John the Baptist Parish LA St. John the Baptist Parish Ruddock Water treatment Chlorine 5.20 1,180

L ouisiana W ater Company – Eunice Water Plant Utility Holdings, Inc. LA St. Landry Parish Eunice Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,807

Alon Refining K rotz Springs, Inc. Alon USA Energy, Inc. LA St. Landry Parish Krotz Springs Petroleum refinery Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 1,329

City of Opelousas Water Department LA St. Landry Parish Opelousas Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,898

B reaux B ridge Water Treatment Plant LA St. Martin Parish Breaux Bridge Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,738

B reaux B ridge Wastewater Treatment Plant LA St. Martin Parish Breaux Bridge Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 10,263

The Village of Parks Water Treatment Plant The Village of Parks LA St. Martin Parish Parks Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 913

St. Martin Parish Water Treatment Plant LA St. Martin Parish St. Martinville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,463

City of St. Martinville Wastewater LA St. Martin Parish St. Martinville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,685

St. Martinville Water Treatment Plant City of St. Martinville LA St. Martin Parish St. Martinville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,235

B erwick/ B a you Vista Joint Waterworks LA St. Mary Parish Berwick Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,605

### 108

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Morgan City Water Plant LA St. Mary Parish Morgan City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,138

City of Slidell – Robert Road Water Tower LA St. Tammany Parish Slidell Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,724

TPCG Pollution Control – South Treatment Plant Terrebonne Parish Consolidated Government LA Terrebonne Parish Houma Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 3,398

TPCG Pollution Control – North Treatment Plant Terrebonne Parish Consolidated Government LA Terrebonne Parish Houma Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,480

Schriever Water Treatment Plant Consolidated Waterworks District No. 1 LA Terrebonne Parish Schriever Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,385

Farmerville Waste Water Treatment Plant Town of Farmerville LA Union Parish Farmerville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,395

Abbeville Water Treatment Plant City of Abbeville LA Vermilion Parish Abbeville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,201

City of B ogalusa Well Site #5 City of Bogalusa LA Washington Parish Bogalusa Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,643

City of B ogalusa Well Site #1 City of Bogalusa LA Washington Parish Bogalusa Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,484

City of B ogalusa Well Site #4 LA Washington Parish Bogalusa Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,411

City of B ogalusa Well Site #6 City of Bogalusa LA Washington Parish Bogalusa Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,518

City of B ogalusa Well Site #2 LA Washington Parish Bogalusa Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,092

City of B ogalusa Well Site #3 LA Washington Parish Bogalusa Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,210

City of B ogalusa Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Bogalusa LA Washington Parish Bogalusa Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,380

Cotton Valley Refinery Calumet Lubricants Co., L.P. Asphalt Material, Inc.* LA Webster Parish Cotton Valley Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.48 33

Intercontinental Terminals Co.– Anchorage Terminal Intercontinental Terminals Company, LLC LA West Baton Rouge Parish Port Allen Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 1.70 3,338

Placid Refining Co. L

. L .C. –Port Allen Refinery LA West Baton Rouge Parish Port Allen Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 12.00 384,879

City of Winnfield – Wastewater Treatment Facility LA Winn Parish Winnfield Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.00 6,117

City of Winnfield – Water Treatment Facility LA Winn Parish Winnfield Water treatment Chlorine 5.00 6,151

M ASSACHUSETTS
ISP F reetown Fine Chemicals Inc. ISP Chemicals LLC MA Bristol County Assonet Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.33 143

Fall River Water Filtration Plant MA Bristol County Fall River Water treatment Chlorine 0.60 2,708

B orden & Remington Corp MA Bristol County Fall River Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 479,142

North Attleborough Wastewater Treatment Facility Town of North Attleborough MA Bristol County North Attleborough Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,710

Town of Somerset Water Treatment Facility MA Bristol County Somerset Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 23,897

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 109 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Somerset Water Pollution Control Town of Somerset MA Bristol County Somerset Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.04 86,477

L ynn R egional Wastewater Treatment Plant Lynn Water and Sewer Commission MA Essex County Lynn Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 38,457

L ynn W ater Treatment Plant Lynn Water and Sewer Commission MA Essex County Lynn Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 39,094

Springfield Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility Springfield Water & Sewer Commissiion United Water* MA Hampden County Agawam Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 9,706

Hercules Incorporated Ashland Incorporated MA Hampden County Chicopee Basic chemicals – ACC Epichlorohydrin 1.50 27,654

Holyoke Water Treatment Facility MA Hampden County Holyoke Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,428

Solutia Inc., Indian Orchard Plant Solutia Inc. MA Hampden County Springfield Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 6.20 289,692

West Parish Filters Springfield Water and Sewer Commission MA Hampden County Westfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,771

Northampton Wastewater Treatment Plant MA Hampshire County Northampton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,866

Air Products, Marlborough Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. MA Middlesex County Marlborough Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.25 132

NeoResins Inc. DSM MA Middlesex County Wilmington Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene 2,4–diisocyanate 0.06 15

OMNOVA Solutions Fitchburg Plant OMNOVA Solutions Inc. MA Worcester County Fitchburg Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 0.70 1,117

Worcester Water Filtration Plant MA Worcester County Holden Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,235

Webster WWTF MA Worcester County Webster Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 22,140

Warren Wastewater Treatment Plant MA Worcester County West Warren Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,215

M ARY L AND
C umberland Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Cumberland MD Allegany County Cumberland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,967

AES Warrior Run The AES Corporation MD Allegany County Cumberland Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 5,731

L uke Paper Company NewPage Corporation MD Allegany County Luke Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 11.12 30,451

B roadneck Water Reclamation Facility Anne Arundel County Dept. of Public Works* MD Anne Arundel County Annapolis Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.90 12,893

B randon Shores Power Plant Constellation Energy Group MD Anne Arundel County Baltimore Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 113

Cox Creek Water Reclamation Plant Anne Arundel County Maryland Dept. of Public Works* MD Anne Arundel County Curtis Bay Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.90 34,226

Patapsco Wastewater Treatment Facility MD Baltimore city Baltimore Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 <10

Kemira Water Solutions, Inc. Kemira Chemicals, Inc. MD Baltimore city Baltimore Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,483,457

Grace – Davison Curtis B a y W R Grace & Co. – Conn MD Baltimore County Baltimore Basic chemicals – ACC Titanium tetrachloride 0.60 612

Ashburton Chlorinator Station City of Baltimore – Department of Public Works Bureau of Water and Wastewater* MD Baltimore County Baltimore Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 45,587

### 110

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Montebello Filtration Plant E B uilding City of Baltimore – Department of Public Works Bureau of Water and Wastewater* MD Baltimore County Baltimore Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 47,521

Guilford Chlorinator Station City of Baltimore – Department of Public Works Bureau of Water and Wastewater* MD Baltimore County Baltimore Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 53,528

Druid L ake Influent Chlorinator Station City of Baltimore – Department of Public Works Bureau of Water and Wastewater* MD Baltimore County Baltimore Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 61,931

Druid L ake E # uent Chlorinator Station City of Baltimore – Department of Public Works Bureau of Water and Wastewater* MD Baltimore County Baltimore Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 64,995

Towson Chlorinator Station City of Baltimore – Department of Public Works Bureau of Waste and Wastewater* MD Baltimore County Towson Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 28,076

Perryville Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Perryville MD Cecil County Perryville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,968

Monocacy Water Treatment Plant City of Frederick, MD MD Frederick County Frederick Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 1,187

City of Frederick Wastewater Treatment Plant–2012 City of Frederick, Maryland MD Frederick County Frederick Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,602

L inganore Water Treatment Plant City of Frederick MD Frederick County Frederick Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,076

Fort Detrick MD Frederick County Frederick Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,310

New Design Road Water Treatment Plant Frederick County Board of County Commissioners Frederick County DUSWM* MD Frederick County Tuscarora Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 691

Abingdon Water Treatment Plant Harford County Government Department of Public Works* MD Harford County Abingdon Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 635

U.S. Army Garrison Aberdeen Proving Ground U.S. Department of Defense MD Harford County APG Water treatment, wastewater Chlorine 3.00 8,819

Sod Run Wastewater Treatment Plant Harford County Government Department of Public Works* MD Harford County Perryman Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 240

GTS Welco – Jessup, MD Praxair, Inc. GT&S, Inc.* MD Howard County Jessup Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.10 34

Potomac Water Filtration Plant Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission MD Montgomery County Potomac Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,635

Patuxent Water Filtration Plant Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission MD Prince George’s County Laurel Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,022

Maryland Correctional Facility WWTF State of Maryland MD Washington County Hagerstown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 7,346

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 111 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
R.C. Willson Water Treatment Plant City of Hagerstown Water Department MD Washington County Williamsport Water treatment Chlorine 2.30 7,349

City of Salisbury Wastewater Treatment Plant MD Wicomico County Salisbury Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,027

Ocean City Water Plant 44th Street Town of Ocean City, Maryland Public Works Division Water Department* MD Worcester County Ocean City Water treatment Chlorine 0.50 288

Ocean City Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Ocean City, Maryland Public Works Division Wastewater Department* MD Worcester County Ocean City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 806

Ocean City Water Treatment Plant 15th Street Town of Ocean City, Maryland Public Works Division Water Department* MD Worcester County Ocean City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,355

Ocean City Water Treatment Plant 136th Street Town of Ocean City, Maryland Public Works Division Water Department* MD Worcester County Ocean City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,235

MAINE

Westbrook Energy Center Calpine O&M Company ME Cumberland County Westbrook Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 49,447

Rumford Paper Company NewPage Corporation ME Oxford County Rumford Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 2.40 1,159

Rumford Power, Inc. Capital Power Corporation ME Oxford County Rumford Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 4,523

Red Shield Acquisition, LLC ME P enobscot County Old Town Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 9.30 39,913

Casco B a y Energy Company, LLC D ynegy Power, LLC ME Penobscot County Veazie Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.30 166

S.D. Warren Somerset Mill S. D. W. Holdings Corporation ME Somerset County Skowhegan Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 2.00 1,420

GAC Chemical – New England GAC Chemical Corporation ME Waldo County Searsport Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 126,229

Domtar Maine LLC Dom tar, Corporation ME Washington County Baileyville Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 13,136

MICHIGAN

W hitestone Pumping Facility Saginaw–Midland Municipal Water Supply Corporation MI Arenac County AuGres Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 58

B a y City Terminal Marathon Petroleum Company LP MI Bay County Bay City Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 0.60 1,532

B a y Metro Water Treatment Plant City of Bay City MI Bay County Bay City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,792

West B a y County Department of Water/Sewer MI Bay County Bay City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,044

St. Joseph Water Filtration Plant City of St. Joseph, Michigan MI Berrien County St. Joseph Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 348

City of B enton Harbor Water Plant City of Benton Harbor MI Berrien County St. Joseph Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,371

C B PU Water Treatment Plant City of Coldwater MI Branch County Coldwater Water treatment Chlorine 0.10 52

Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Battle Creek Department of Public Works* MI Calhoun County Battle Creek Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,131

### 112

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Verona Pumping Station City of Battle Creek MI Calhoun County Battle Creek Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,921

Sault Ste. Marie Water Treatment Facility MI Chippewa County Sault Ste. Marie Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,000

Sault Ste. Marie Wastewater Treatment Plant MI Chippewa County Sault Ste. Marie Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,472

Escanaba Paper Company NewPage Corporation MI Delta County Escanaba Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 17.00 34,079

Verso Paper Quinnesec Mill Verso Paper Corporation MI Dickinson County Quinnesec Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 5.80 15,291

Flint Water Pollution Control Facilities City of Flint MI Genesee County Flint Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,824

Anthony Ragnone Wastewater Treatment Plant Genesee County Division of Water and Waste MI Genesee County Montrose Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 6,786

Dow AgroSciences L

. L .C., Harbor B each, Michigan The Dow Chemical Company MI Huron County Harbor Beach Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 565

Alexander Chemical Corporation, Mason, MI Facility Alexander Chemical Corporation MI Ingham County Mason Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 641

Huron Shore Regional Utility Authority Huron Shore Regional Utility Authority MI Iosco County East Tawas Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,071

City of Jackson Water Treatment Plant MI Jackson County Jackson Water treatment Chlorine 4.70 71,542

Water Station #1 City of Kalamazoo MI Kalamazoo County Kalamazoo Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 21,804

City of Wyoming Clean Water Plant City of Wyoming MI Kent County Wyoming Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,397

ADC–SCP Anderson Development Company MI Lenawee County Adrian Basic chemicals – ACC Titanium tetrachloride 0.90 5,129

Great L akes Chemical Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Chemtura Corporation* MI Lenawee County Adrian Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 88,627

Air Products, Midland MI Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. MI Midland County Midland Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.20 35

Midland Water Treatment Plant City of Midland, Michigan MI Midland County Midland Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,765

Midland Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Midland MI Midland County Midland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,563

Midland Styron Manufacturing MI Midland County Midland Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 3.20 29,032

Dow Corning – Midland Plant The Dow Chemical Company Corning, Inc.* MI Midland County Midland Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 16.00 220,722

Dow Chemical Midland Operations The Dow Chemical Company MI Midland County Midland Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 19.00 292,932

B urdick & Jackson Honeywell MI Muskegon County Muskegon Basic chemicals – ACC Chloroform 0.53 2,122

B a yer CropScience– Muskegon Site Bayer CropScience AG (Germany) Bayer CropScience L.P. (United States)* MI Muskegon County Muskegon Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 37,817

MacDermid, Inc. MI Oakland County Ferndale Chemical manufacturing Formaldehyde (solution) 3.80 230,495

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 113 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

J. B . Sims Generating Station City of Grand Haven Board of Light & Power MI Ottawa County Grand Haven Electric power generation Chlorine 3.00 21,814

Grand Haven/Spring L ake Wastewater Treatment Plant MI Ottawa County Grand Haven Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.30 30,990

City of Grand Rapids L ake Michigan Filtration Plan MI Ottawa County West Olive Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,353

Vertellus Health & Specialty Products L LC Vertellus Specialties, Inc. MI Ottawa County Zeeland Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Methyl chloride 0.10 58

Praxair – Hemlock MI Praxair, Inc. MI Saginaw County Hemlock Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.20 38

Hemlock Semiconductor Corp. Dow Corning Corp. Shinetsu Handotai* MI Saginaw County Hemlock Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 20.00 330,920

City of Saginaw Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Saginaw, Michigan MI Saginaw County Saginaw Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,534

Saginaw Water Treatment Plant City of Saginaw MI Saginaw County Saginaw Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,998

DWSD – L ake Huron Water Treatment Plant Detroit Water and Sewerage Department MI St. Clair County Fort Gratiot Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,517

Albemarle Corporation Albemarle Corporation MI Van Buren County South Haven Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 1.10 2,897

DWSD – Southwest Water Treatment Plant Detroit Water and Sewerage Department MI Wayne County Allen Park Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 26,507

L inde – Canton Linde North America, Inc. MI Wayne County Canton Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.03 <10

DWSD – Springwells Water Treatment Plant Detroit Water and Sewerage Department MI Wayne County Dearborn Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 36,106

Alpha Resins, LLC T echnisand Inc. MI Wayne County Detroit Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 0.30 1,193

DWSD – Water Works Park Water Treatment Plant Detroit Water and Sewerage Department MI Wayne County Detroit Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,721

DWSD – Northeast Water Treatment Plant Detroit Water and Sewerage Department MI Wayne County Detroit Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 26,173

Michigan Refining Division Marathon Petroleum Company LP MI Wayne County Detroit Petroleum refinery, ACC Flammable Mixture 2.50 60,633

Woodworth Inc. Woodworth Inc MI Wayne County Detroit Metal heat treating Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.30 75,389

PVS Technologies, Inc. (Detroit) PVS Chemicals, Inc. MI Wayne County Detroit Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 1,600,188

Detroit WWTP – Chlorination/ Dechlorination Facility City of Detroit MI Wayne County Detroit Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 1,825,983

Grosse Pointe Farms Water Treatment Plant City of Grosse Pointe Farms MI Wayne County Grosse Pointe Farms Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 14,576

Praxair – Ecorse, MI Praxair, Inc. MI Wayne County River Rouge Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.20 49

JCI Jones Chemicals Inc. – Riverview MI Wayne County Riverview Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 829,271

### 114

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Trenton WWTP MI Wayne County Trenton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.70 35,695

Solutia Trenton Plant Solutia Inc. MI Wayne County Trenton Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 5.60 114,708

Polychemie Inc. – Wayne, MI SNF Holding Company MI Wayne County Wayne Basic chemicals – ACC Dimethylamine 0.24 302

MP LWoodhaven Cavern Facility Marathon Pipe Line Company, LLC MI Wayne County Woodhaven Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.70 2,487

B ASF Corporation – Wyandotte Site BASF Corporation MI Wayne County Wyandotte Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ethylene oxide 3.20 89,180

MINNES OTA
C olumbia Heights Membrane Plant Minneapolis Water Works MN Anoka County Columbia Heights Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 12,285

City of Coon Rapids Water Treatment Plant – West City of Coon Rapids, MN MN Anoka County Coon Rapids Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,394

City of Coon Rapids Water Treatment Plant – East City of Coon Rapids, MN MN Anoka County Coon Rapids Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 17,319

Fridley Complex Minneapolis Water Works MN Anoka County Minneapolis Water treatment Chlorine 5.20 338,477

Sauk Rapids Water Treatment Plant City of Sauk Rapids MN Benton County Sauk Rapids Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,489

City of Mankato Water Treatment Plant City of Mankato MN Blue Earth County Mankato Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,237

Mankato Energy Center Mankato Energy Center, LLC MN Blue Earth County Mankato Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.90 22,030

Moorhead Wastewater Treatment Facility MN Clay County Moorhead Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 49,907

Moorhead Water Plant Moorhead Public Service MN Clay County Moorhead Water treatment Chlorine 2.90 56,159

Moorhead Simplot Grower Solutions J.R. Simplot Company MN Clay County Moorhead Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 135,036

Apple Valley Water Treatment Facility MN Dakota County Apple Valley Water treatment Chlorine 2.63 61,483

B lack Dog Generating Plant Xcel Energy MN Dakota County Burnsville Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.90 2,402

City of B urnsville Water Treatment Plant City of Burnsville, Minnesota MN Dakota County Burnsville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 65,147

Coachman Point Water Treatment Facility MN Dakota County Eagan Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,324

Cli !Road Water Treatment Facility MN Dakota County Eagan Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,708

Inver Grove Heights Water Treatment Facility MN Dakota County Inver Grove Heights Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,405

City of L akeville Water Treatment Facility MN Dakota County Lakeville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 227

Flint Hills Resources Pine B end, LLC Flin t Hills Resources, LP MN Dakota County Rosemount Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.40 1,306

DPC Industries, Inc. DX Holding Company MN Dakota County Rosemount Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 978,056

Airgas Specialty Products Inc., S. St. Paul, MN Airgas Specialty Products Inc. Airgas Inc.* MN Dakota County South St. Paul Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 335,691

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 115 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

A L ASD Wastewater Treatment Facility MN Douglas County Alexandria Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,833

City of B loomington Water Treatment Plant City of Bloomington MN Hennepin County Bloomington Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 67,711

B rooklyn Park Water Treatment Plant City of Brooklyn Park, MN MN Hennepin County Brooklyn Park Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 19,470

Eden Prairie Water Treatment Plant MN Hennepin County Eden Prairie Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,027

Cambridge Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Cambridge MN Isanti County Cambridge Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 889

Willmar Municipal Utilities (Northeast Plant) MN Kandiyohi County Willmar Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,936

Willmar Municipal Utilities (Southwest Plant) MN Kandiyohi County Willmar Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,373

B oise White Paper, LLC – International Falls, MN Boise Paper Holdings, LLC MN Koochiching County International Falls Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 6.00 7,817

CS–12 Recovered Energy Facility Ormat Technologies, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* MN Lyon County Garvin Electric power generation Pentane 0.20 <10

CS–13 Recovered Energy Facility Ormat Technologies, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* MN Martin County Trimont Electric power generation Pentane 0.20 <10

City of Austin Wastewater Treatment Facility MN Mower County Austin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,935

Worthington Industrial Treatment Facility MN Nobles County Worthington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,167

Worthington Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Worthington MN Nobles County Worthington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,883

Worthington Water Treatment Facility City of Worthington, MN MN Nobles County Worthington Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,892

Rochester Water Reclamation Plant City of Rochester MN Olmsted County Rochester Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,133

City of Fergus Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant MN Otter Tail County Fergus Falls Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 988

City of Fergus Falls Water Treatment Plant MN Otter Tail County Fergus Falls Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,059

Thief River Falls Water Treatment Plant City of Thief River Falls, Minnesota MN Pennington County Thief River Falls Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 8,236

East Grand Forks Water Treatment Plant MN Polk County East Grand Forks Water treatment Chlorine 2.70 27,727

St. Paul Regional Water Services– McCarron St. Paul Regional Water Services MN Ramsey County Maplewood Water treatment Chlorine 9.90 971,468

Hawkins Water Treatment Group – Red Rock Hawkins, Inc. MN Ramsey County St. Paul Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,185,186

City of Fairbault Water Treatment Plant MN Rice County Fairbault Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,255

### 116

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Faribault Energy Park Minnnesota Municipal Power Agency MN Rice County Faribault, MN Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 2.20 5,608

B lue L ake Wastewater Treatment Plant Metropolitan Council MN Scott County Shakopee Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.90 10,312

L akewood Water Treatment Plant City of Duluth Public Works and Utilities MN St. Louis County Duluth Water treatment Chlorine 3.03 4,575

Cloquet Pump Station No. 2 City of Cloquet, Minnesota MN St. Louis County Duluth Water treatment Chlorine 3.03 17,437

St. Cloud Wastewater Treatment Facility MN Stearns County St. Cloud Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 454

St. Cloud Water Treatment Facility City of St. Cloud MN Stearns County St. Cloud Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,752

Cottage Grove – 3M Company MN Washington County Cottage Grove Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 4.20 32,450

Saint Paul Park Refining Company L LC Northern Tier Energy MN Washington County St. Paul Park Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 2,325,820

City of Winona Main Water Treatment Plant City of Winona MN Winona County Winona Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 100

City of Winona Main Water Treatment Plant City of Winona MN Winona County Winona Water treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 13,992

MIS SOURI

K irksville Water Treatment Plant City of Kirksville MO Adair County Kirksville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,732

Savannah Drinking WTP City of Savannah, Missouri MO Andrew County Amazonia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 400

City of Monett Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Monett, MO MO Barry County Monett Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.80 868

Water Treatment Plant, City of L amar MO Barton County Lamar Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,722

City of Columbia Water Treatment Plant City of Columbia MO Boone County Columbia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 850

Missouri American Water Co. St. Joseph Plant Missouri American Water Company MO Buchanan County St. Joseph Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,249

Cape Rock Treatment Plant #1 City of Cape Girardeau MO Cape Girardeau County Cape Girardeau Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,481

Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Church & Dwight Co., Inc. MO Cass County Harrisonville Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.01 <10

Dogwood Energy Facility Dogwood Power Management LLC MO Cass County Pleasant Hill Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.90 17,884

Excelsior Springs Water Treatment Plant MO Clay County Excelsior Springs Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 411

Kansas Cit y, Missouri Water Treatment Plant MO Clay County Kansas City Water treatment Chlorine 14.00 892,213

Cameron Municipal Water Treatment Plant City of Cameron MO DeKalb County Cameron Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 850

Springfield – 3M Company 3M MO Greene County Springfield Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.02 <10

Fulbright Water Treatment Plant City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri MO Greene County Springfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,985

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 117 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

B lackman Water Treatment Plant City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri MO Greene County Springfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,177

B renntag Mid– South,Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. MO Greene County Springfield Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 13,068

Trenton Municipal Utilities Water Treatment Plant City of Trenton, Missouri MO Grundy County Trenton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,382

Henry County Water Company Water Treatment Plant MO Henry County Clinton Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 5,294

KCP L– Hawthorn Generating Facility Kansas City Power & Light Company Great Plains Energy, Inc.* MO Jackson County Kansas City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 95,124

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag, Inc. MO Jackson County Kansas City Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 898,701

B a yer CropScience MO Jackson County Kansas City Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 911,932

Courtney B end Water Treatment Plant City of Independence MO Jackson County Sugar Creek Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 12,009

Asbury Power Plant The Empire Distric Electric Company MO Jasper County Asbury Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.70 6,284

Carthage Water and Electric City of Carthage MO Jasper County Carthage Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,119

DPC Enterprises, L .P. MO Je ! erson County Festus Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 105,645

The Dow Chemical Company The Dow Chemical Company MO Je ! erson County Pevely Basic chemicals – ACC Difluoroethane 0.40 309

Chillicothe Municipal Utilities City of Chillicothe MO Livingston County Chillicothe Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,061

Wastewater Treatment Plant Hannibal Board of Public Works MO Marion County Hannibal Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,320

Air Products, Hannibal Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. MO Marion County Palmyra Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.25 <10

B ASF – Hannibal Plant BASF MO Marion County Palmyra Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Bromine 6.00 13,082

Clarence Cannon Wholesale Water Commission MO Monroe County Stoutsville Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 290

Shoal Creek Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Joplin, Missouri MO Newton County Joplin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 2,687

Water Filtration Plant MO Newton County Neosho Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 469
Crowder Wastewater Plant MO Newton County Neosho Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,160

Sedalia Water Treatment Plant Sedalia Water Department City of Sedalia, Missouri* MO Pettis County Sedalia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,271

Iatan Power Plant Kansas City Power & Light Great Plains Energy* MO Platte County Weston Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 1,591

C.P.W.S.D. # 2 of Ray County MO Ray County Orrick Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,445

Chain of Rocks Water Treatment Plant City of St. Louis Water Division MO St. Louis city St. Louis Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,375

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag North America MO St. Louis city St. Louis Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.30 45,765

### 118

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Missouri American Water Company Central Plant American Water Works Company MO St. Louis County Chesterfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,996

Howard B end Water Treatment Plant City of St. Louis Water Division MO St. Louis County Chesterfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,866

Missouri American Water Company North Plant American Water Works Company MO St. Louis County Florissant Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,535

Whitmire Micro–Gen Research L aboratories, Inc. BASF MO St. Louis County Kirkwood Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Isobutane 0.30 506

MarChem Corporation Dash Multi–Corp MO St. Louis County Maryland Heights Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.40 558

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. MO St. Louis County St. Louis Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 18,661

NCMRWC Water Plant MO Sullivan County Milan Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 99

Compton Drive Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Branson MO Taney County Branson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 761

Meadows Water Treatment Plant City of Branson MO Taney County Branson Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,336

MIS SISSIPPI

Na tchez Waste Water Treatment Plant Natchez Water Works MS Adams County Natchez Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 213

Natchez Water Treatment Plant City of Natchez MS Adams County Natchez Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,188

Quantum Choctaw Power, LLC Quan tum Utility Generation, LLC MS Choctaw County Ackerman Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.00 49

Choctaw County Generating Station NRG Wholesale Generation LP NRG Energy, Inc.* MS Choctaw County French Camp Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 <10

J. N. Orr Water Treatment Plant City of West Point MS Clay County West Point Water treatment Chlorine 4.20 10,128

MI College Water Treatment Plant City of West Point MS Clay County West Point Water treatment Chlorine 4.20 10,422

The Valvoline Company Ashland, Inc. MS DeSoto County Hernando Basic chemicals – ACC Ethyl ether 0.30 33

Hattiesburg Water Plant #1 City of Hattiesburg MS Forrest County Hattiesburg Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 80

Hattiesburg South L agoon City of Hattiesburg MS Forrest County Hattiesburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,093

Hattiesburg Water Plant #2 MS Forrest County Hattiesburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.00 4,087

SA B IC Innovative Plastics – B a y St. L ouis S ABIC Innovative Plastics Holding US LP MS Hancock County Bay St. Louis Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 5.22 3,827

Polychemie Inc. – Pearlington, MS Facility SNF Holding Company MS Hancock County Pearlington Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.10 82

Keegan B a you Wastewater Treatment Plant MS Harrison County Biloxi Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 24,348

West B iloxi Wastewater Treatment Plant MS Harrison County Biloxi Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 33,744

D’Iberville Wastewater Treatment Plant MS Harrison County D’Iberville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 34,004

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 119 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Channel Chemical Corporation MS Harrison County Gulfport Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 0.20 76

South Gulfport Wastewater Treatment Plant MS Harrison County Gulfport Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 36,472

L ong B each / Pass Christian Treatment Plant MS Harrison County Pass Christian Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,974

DuPont De L isle Plant E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. MS Harrison County Pass Christian Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 259,722

B righton Well City of Clinton MS Hinds County Clinton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 17,914

B allpark Well City of Clinton MS Hinds County Clinton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 23,738 Armory Well City of Clinton MS Hinds County Clinton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 24,174
Cascades Circle West Well City of Clinton MS Hinds County Clinton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 24,681

Trahon / B ig Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Jackson Water / Sewer Utilities MS Hinds County Jackson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 954

Savanna Street Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Jackson Water / Sewer Utilities MS Hinds County Jackson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,090

J.H. Fewell Water Treatment Plant City of Jackson, Mississippi MS Hinds County Jackson Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 26,499

NeMRWSD Treatment Plant Northeast Regional Water Supply District MS Itawamba County Fulton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,958

Daniel Electric Generating Plant Mississippi Power Company Southern Company* MS Jackson County Escatawpa Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 553

Gautier Regional WWTP Jackson County Utility Authority MS Jackson County Gautier Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 26,068

West Jackson County WWTP Jackson County Utility Authority MS Jackson County Ocean Springs Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 21,364

Pascagoula / Moss Point WWTP Jackson County Utility Authority MS Jackson County Pascagoula Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 40,717

Chevron Pascagoula Refinery Chevron Corporation MS Jackson County Pascagoula Petroleum refinery Ammonia (anhydrous) 10.00 48,212

First Chemical Corporation Chemfirst, Inc. E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company* MS Jackson County Pascagoula Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 12.00 63,435

Allied Universal Corporation MS Jones County Ellisville Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 64,064

Municipal Plant #2 MS Jones County Laurel Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,095 Municipal Plant #3 MS Jones County Laurel Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,531
Hunt Southland Refining Company – Sandersville Hunt Refining Company MS Jones County Sandersville Petroleum refinery Pentane 0.70 117

Meridian Wastewater Treatment Plant MS Lauderdale County Meridian Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,297

City of Meridian Freshwater Treatment Plant, North City of Meridian MS Lauderdale County Meridian Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,522

City of Meridian Freshwater Treatment Plant, South City of Meridian MS Lauderdale County Meridian Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,373

Tupelo Wastewater Treatment B ranch City of Tupelo MS Lee County Tupelo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 8,640

### 120

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Greenwood, MS – Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Greenwood, MS MS Leflore County Greenwood Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 10,678

Sam A Head, Jr. Water Plant Columbus Light and Water Department MS Lowndes County Columbus Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,806

Reynolds R. Ridgely Wastewater Plant Columbus Light and Water Department MS Lowndes County Columbus Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,443

North Water Plant Columbus Light and Water Department MS Lowndes County Columbus Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,806

Weyerhaeuser Columbus Cellulose Fibers Weyerhaeuser NR Company MS Lowndes County Columbus Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 131,633

Canton West Water Plant Canton Municipal Utilities MS Madison County Canton Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 5,942

Tip H. Allen Water Treatment Plant Canton Municipal Utilities MS Madison County Canton Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 9,916

Western Water Tank and Well City of Ridgeland MS Madison County Ridgeland Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,232

Hardy Road Water Well City of Ridgeland MS Madison County Ridgeland Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,195

Old Canton Road Well City of Ridgleand MS Madison County Ridgeland Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 37,333

School Street Well City of Ridgeland MS Madison County Ridgeland Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 42,329
O. B

. Curtis WaterTreatment Plant City of Jackson MS Madison County Ridgeland Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 48,756

Axiall, LLC MS Monr oe County Aberdeen Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 1,664

Aberdeen East L agoon Facility City of Aberdeen, Mississippi MS Monroe County Aberdeen Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,059

Starkville Wastewater Treatment Facility MS Oktibbeha County Starkville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 7,486

L eaf River Cellulose, L LC GP Cellulose, LLC MS Perry County New Augusta Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 24.00 135,954

McComb Water Treatment Plant MS Pike County McComb Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,277

City of Forest POTW City of Forest MS Scott County Forest Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 572

City of Forest (Hwy 80 & 21 waterwell) City of Forest MS Scott County Forest Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,094

City of Forest (I–20 waterwell) City of Forest MS Scott County Forest Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,177

City of Forest (Cedar Street Waterwell) City of Forest MS Scott County Forest Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,393

City of Forest (Hwy 80 west waterwell) City of Forest MS Scott County Forest Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,564

City of Forest (Oak Park) City of Forest MS Scott County Forest Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,924

City of Forest (Trenton Road waterwell) City of Forest MS Scott County Forest Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,934

City of Forest ( L ittle Princess Waterwell) City of Forest MS Scott County Forest Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,030

City Of Indianola Public Works Department City of Indianola MS Sunflower County Indianola Water treatment, wastewater Chlorine 2.63 5,303

Ergon Refining, Inc. Ergon Inc MS Warren County Vicksburg Petroleum refinery Propane 0.61 21

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 121 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

M ONTANA

Har din Generating Station Rocky Mountain Power Bicent Power* MT Big Horn County Hardin Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 111

City of Great Falls Water Treatment Plant City of Great Falls MT Cascade County Great Falls Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,264

Great Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant MT Cascade County Great Falls Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,569

Montana Refining Company, Inc. Connacher Oil and Gas, Limited MT Cascade County Great Falls Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 7.50 66,526

B ozeman Water Treatment Plant City of Bozeman MT Gallatin County Bozeman Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,328

Ten Mile Water Treatment Plant City of Helena Public Works, Water Department* MT Lewis and Clark County Helena Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 91

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. – Missoula Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC MT Missoula County Missoula Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.71 2,968

CS–3 Recovered Energy Facility Ormat Technologies, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* MT Roosevelt County Culbertson Electric power generation Pentane 0.20 <10

B asin C reek Reservior Butte–Silver Bow Water Utility Division Butte–Silver Bow City/ County Government* MT Silver Bow County Butte Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 43

B ig Hole Water Treatment Facility Butte–Silver Bow Water Utility Division Butte–Silver Bow City/ County Government* MT Silver Bow County Divide Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 230

Praxair – B utte, MT Praxair, Inc. MT Silver Bow County Silverbow Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.10 <10

City of B illings Water Treatment Plant City of Billings, Montana MT Yellowstone County Billings Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,020

Phillips 66 B illings Refinery Phillips 66 Company MT Yellowstone County Billings Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 14.00 124,339

CHS INC. – L aurel Refinery CHS INC. MT Yellowstone County Laurel Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 15.00 92,497

ExxonMobil B illings Refinery Exxon Mobil Corporation MT Yellowstone County Near Billings Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 8.70 97,569

N ORTH CARO L INA

J .D. Mackintosh, Jr. Water Treatment Plant City of Burlington NC Alamance County Burlington Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,206

East B urlington Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Burlington NC Alamance County Burlington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,010

South B urlington Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Burlington NC Alamance County Graham Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,188

City of Washington Regional Water Treatment Plant NC Beaufort County Washington Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 887

Town of Elizabethtown Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Elizabethtown NC Bladen County Elizabethtown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 392

DuPont – Fayetteville Works E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, Inc. NC Bladen County Fayetteville Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 3.00 1,842

### 122

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Northwest Water Treatment Plant NC Brunswick County Leland Water treatment Chlorine 1.86 1,983

Highway 211 Water Treatment Plant NC Brunswick County Southport Water treatment Chlorine 2.80 7,421

Ivy River Treatment Plant Town of Weaveerville NC Buncombe County Weaverville Water treatment Chlorine 2.30 2,678

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. Morganton Plant Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. NC Burke County Morganton Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.42 363

Catawba River Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Morganton NC Burke County Morganton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,700

Town of Valdese Water Treatment Plant Town of Valdese NC Burke County Valdese Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,297

Town of Valdese Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Valdese NC Burke County Valdese Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,445

SAFT America, Inc. SAFT America, Inc. NC Burke County Valdese Battery manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 13.00 176,108

L ower Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Lenoir NC Caldwell County Lenoir Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,102

City of Hickory Henry Fork WWTP City of Hickory NC Catawba County Hickory Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,466

City of Hickory Northeast WWTP City of Hickory NC Catawba County Hickory Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,610

City Of Newton WTP City of Newton City of Newton Water Plant* NC Catawba County Newton Water treatment Chlorine 5.40 33,735

Town of Pittsboro Water Treatment Plant Town of Pittsboro NC Chatham County Pittsboro Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,707

Pilot Creek WWTP City Of Kings Mountain NC Cleveland County Kings Mountain Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.33 1,598

T.J. Ellison Water Plant City Of Kings Mountain NC Cleveland County Kings Mountain Water treatment Chlorine 1.33 2,033

Cleveland County Sanitary District NC Cleveland County Lawndale Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 348

First B road Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Shelby NC Cleveland County Shelby Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,997

Shelby Water Treatment Plant City of Shelby NC Cleveland County Shelby Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,793

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. Acme Plant Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC NC Columbus County Riegelwood Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.60 5,838

International Paper Company – Riegelwood Mill International Paper Company, Purchase, NY NC Columbus County Riegelwood Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 8.42 10,681

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc., Fayetteville Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC NC Cumberland County Fayetteville Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 46,872

North Reverse Osmosis Plant Dare County NC Dare County Kill Devil Hills Water treatment Chlorine 2.40 7,944

Davidson Water, Inc., Water Plant Davidson Water, Inc. NC Davidson County Lexington Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 351

B renntag Mid–South Inc. Brenntag Inc. NC Durham County Durham Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 1.00 11,662

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 123 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Tar River Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Rocky Mount NC Edgecombe County Rocky Mount Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 661

City of B elmont Water Treatment Plant City of Belmont NC Gaston County Belmont Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,197

City of B elmont Water Pollution Control Facility City of Belmont NC Gaston County Belmont Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 18,597

J.V. Tarpley Water Treatment Facility City of Bessemer City NC Gaston County Bessemer City Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 334

City of Cherryville Water Plant NC Gaston County Cherryville Water treatment Chlorine 1.60 1,851

L ong C reek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Gastonia NC Gaston County Dallas Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.33 4,128

Chemtura Corporation Chemtura Corporation NC Gaston County Gastonia Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene 2,4–diisocyanate 0.01 <10

L ubrizol The Lubrizol Company NC Gaston County Gastonia Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.90 1,239

Crowder’s Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Gastonia NC Gaston County Gastonia Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,026

City of Mount Holly Water Treatment Plant City of Mount Holly NC Gaston County Mount Holly Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 22,184

City of Mount Holly Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Mount Holly NC Gaston County Mount Holly Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 27,874

Clariant Mt Holly Plant Clariant Corporation NC Gaston County Mt. Holly Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 10.00 284,220

DSM Desotech, Inc. DSM Desotech, Inc. NC Gaston County Stanley Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.10 11

B renntag Mid–South Inc. Brenntag Inc. NC Guilford County Grennsboro Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 19

Kao Specialties Americas LLC K ao Chemicals Americas Corporation NC Guilford County High Point Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 6.50 144,300

Canton Pre– Chlorination Treatment Facility Town of Canton NC Haywood County Canton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 4,290

B lue Ridge Paper Products Inc. Blue Ridge Holding Corporation NC Haywood County Canton Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 25.00 382,223

Waynesville Water Treatment Plant Town of Waynesville NC Haywood County Waynesville Water treatment Chlorine 2.63 4,371

Town Of Waynesville Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Waynesville NC Haywood County Waynesville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.30 6,160

City of Hendersonville Water Treatment Plant City of Hendersonville NC Henderson County Mills River Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,483

Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Statesville, North Carolina NC Iredell County Statesville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.60 4,356

Third Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Statesville, North Carolina NC Iredell County Statesville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.60 5,006

B lanchard Terminal Company LLC – Selma T erminal Marathon Petroleum Company LP NC Johnston County Selma Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 0.50 258

### 124

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Smithfield Water Treatment Plant Town of Smithfield NC Johnston County Smithfield Water treatment Chlorine 0.91 1,294

City of Sanford B ig B u !alo WWTP City of Sanford NC Lee County Sanford Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 288

City of L incolnton Water Treatment Plant City of Lincolnton, NC NC Lincoln County Lincolnton Water treatment Chlorine 2.70 7,250

Marion Water Treatment Plant City of Marion NC McDowell County Marion Water treatment Chlorine 2.64 6,703

Emerald Carolina Chemical, LLC Emer ald Performance Materials, LLC NC Mecklenburg County Charlotte Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 0.31 91

Univar USA Inc Univar USA Inc NC Mecklenburg County Charlotte Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 166

B lanchard Terminal Company LLC – Charlot te Terminal Marathon Petroleum Company LP NC Mecklenburg County Charlotte Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 0.50 1,316

Franklin Water Treatment Plant Charlotte–Mecklenburg Utilities NC Mecklenburg County Charlotte Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,866

Vest Water Treatment Plant Charlotte–Mecklenburg Utilities NC Mecklenburg County Charlotte Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,199

Rohm and Haas Chemicals LLC – Charlot te Plant Rohm and Haas Chemicals LLC NC Mecklenburg County Charlotte Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 1.79 33,569

B renntag Southeast Inc Brenntag Inc. NC Mecklenburg County Charlotte Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 3.00 42,156

JCI Jones Chemicals Inc – Charlotte NC Mecklenburg County Charlotte Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 1,100,335

L ee S. Dukes Jr. Water Treatment Plant NC Mecklenburg County Huntersville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,387

Montgomery County Water Treatment Plant Montgomery County NC Montgomery County Mt. Gilead Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 286

Town of Southern Pines Water Treatment Plant Town of Southern Pines, North Carolina NC Moore County Pineblu ! Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 256

Tar River Water Treatment Plant City of Rocky Mount NC Nash County Rocky Mount Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,398

M’ Kean Ma " t t Wastewater Treatment Plant Cape Fear Public Utility Authority NC New Hanover County Wilmington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,055

Dixon Water Treatment Plant Onslow Water and Sewer Authority (ONWASA) NC Onslow County Holly Ridge Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 764

City of Jacksonville L and Treatment System City of Jacksonville NC Onslow County Jacksonville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 292

Town of Hillsborough Water Treatment Plant Town of Hillsborough NC Orange County Hillsborough Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,331

Rogerson Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Elizabeth City NC Pasquotank County Elizabeth City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,021

Elizabeth City Water Treatment Facility City of Elizabeth City NC Pasquotank County Elizabeth City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,235

Mayo Plant SCR Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc. NC Person County Roxboro Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.10 249

City of Roxboro Water Treatment Plant City of Roxboro NC Person County Roxboro Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,522

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# | 125 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Roxboro Steam Electric Plant Carolina Power and Light Company (d.b.a. Progress Energy Carolinas, Inc.)* NC Person County Semora Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 0.99 175

Town of Farmville Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Farmville NC Pitt County Farmville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 564

Trinity Manufacturing, Inc. Trical, Inc. NC Richmond County Hamlet Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 61,697

L umberton Wastewater Treartment Plant City of Lumberton, North Carolina NC Robeson County Lumberton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 9,085

L unberton Water Treatment Plant City of Lumberton, North Carolina NC Robeson County Lumberton Water treatment Chlorine 2.70 15,758

City of Eden, Mebane B ridge WWTP NC Rockingham County Eden Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 24,826

City of Eden, Robert A. Harris Water Plant NC Rockingham County Eden Water treatment Chlorine 5.40 24,925

City of Reidsville Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Reidsville, North Carolina NC Rockingham County Reidsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,090

City of Reidsville Water Treatment Plant City of Reidsville, North Carolina NC Rockingham County Reidsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,882

DyStar L P NC Rockingham County Reidsville Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 3.80 15,561

Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC. Akz o Nobel Inc. NC Rowan County Salisbury Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.77 1,204

Cli !side Steam Station Duke Energy NC Rutherford County Cli !side Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 10,544

B elews Creek Steam Station Duke Energy Company NC Stokes County Belews Creek Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.60 13,621

City of Monroe Wastewater Treatment Plant NC Union County Monroe Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.80 3,854

City of Monroe John Glenn Water Treatment Plant NC Union County Monroe Water treatment Chlorine 1.87 4,158

Mallinckrodt Inc. Mallinckrodt Inc. NC Wake County Raleigh Pharmaceutical manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 110,852

North Wilkesboro Water Treatment Plant NC Wilkes County North Wilkesboro Water treatment Chlorine 1.20 2,315

Wilkesboro Water Treatment Plant Town of Wilkesboro NC Wilkes County Wilkesboro Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 686

City of Wilson Wiggins Mill Water Treatment Plant City of Wilson, North Carolina NC Wilson County Wilson Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,893

City of Wilson Toisnot Water Treatment Plant City of Wilson, North Carolina NC Wilson County Wilson Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,996

Town of Yadkinville Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Yadkinville NC Yadkin County Yadkinville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 4.30 8,801

N ORTH D A K O T A

V

alley City Water Treatment Plant, Noth Dakota ND Barnes County Valley City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,205

B ismarck Water Treatment Facility City of Bismarck ND Burleigh County Bismarck Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,078

### 126

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

B ismarck Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Bismarck ND Burleigh County Bismarck Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,468

City of Fargo Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Fargo ND Cass County Fargo Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 10,202

City of Fargo Water Treatment Plant City of Fargo ND Cass County Fargo Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 23,175

SWA Dodge Pumping Station Southwest Water Authority ND Dunn County Dodge Water treatment Chlorine 3.10 55

CS–5 Recovered Energy Facility OREG–2, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* ND Dunn County Manning Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

Grand Forks Water Treatment City of Grand Forks ND Grand Forks County Grand Forks Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,703

CS–8 Recovered Energy Facility OREG 2, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* ND McIntosh County Zeeland Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

Coal Creek Station ND McLean County Underwood Electric power generation Chlorine 2.00 32

Great Plains Synfuels Plant Basin Electric Power Cooperative ND Mercer County Beulah Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.50 188

MDU CS–6 Recovered Energy Generation Facility MDU Resources Group, Inc. Montana–Dakota Utilities Co.* ND Morton County Glen Ullin Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

Mandan Water Treatment Plant City of Mandan ND Morton County Mandan Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,813

Tesoro Mandan Refinery Tesoro Refining & Marketing Company LLC ND Morton County Mandan Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 9.50 90,890

CS–7 OREG1 Ormat Nevada, Inc.* ND Morton County St. Anthony Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

SWA Water Treatment Plant Southwest Water Authority ND Stark County Dickinson Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,510

Jamestown Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Jamestown, ND ND Stutsman County Jamestown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.30 2,182

Jamestown Water Treatment Plant City of Jamestown, ND ND Stutsman County Jamestown Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,440

Grafton Water Department City of Grafton ND Walsh County Grafton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,312

City of Minot Water Treatment Plant City of Minot, North Dakota ND Ward County Minot Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,168

Williston Water Treatment Plant City of Williston ND Williams County Williston Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 <10

N E B RAS K A

W helan Energy Center Unit 2 Public Power Generation Agency (PPGA) NE Adams County Hastings Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.50 2,828

Platte West Water Treatment plant Metropolitan Utilities District NE Douglas County Omaha Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 12,048

Florence Water Treatment Plant Metropolitan Utilities District NE Douglas County Omaha Water treatment Chlorine 14.00 636,897

Rokeby Generating Station Lincoln Electric System NE Lancaster County Lincoln Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 0.26 21

Terry B undy Generating Station Lincoln Electric System NE Lancaster County Lincoln Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.00 133

City Of Norfolk West Water Plant City Of Norfolk NE Madison County Norfolk Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 756

City Of Norfolk East Water Plant City Of Norfolk NE Madison County Norfolk Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,374

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# | 127 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Omaha Public Power Nebraska City Power Station Omaha Public Power District NE Otoe County Nebraska City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.10 1,898

Nebraska City Water Treatment Plant Nebraska City Utilities NE Otoe County Nebraska City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,344

Platte River Water Treatment Plant Metropolitan Utilities District NE Sarpy County Omaha Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,374

DPC Industries, Inc. DX Holding Company NE Sarpy County Omaha Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 753,723

Ashland Water Treatment Facility City of Lincoln, Nebraska NE Saunders County Ashland Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 728

B lair Water Treatment Facility City of Blair, Nebraska NE Washington County Blair Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,178

N E W HAMPSHIRE
Nashua C orporation – Merrimack Facility Cenveo Corporation NH Hillsborough County Merrimack Pulp and paper Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.40 395

JCI Jones Chemicals, Inc. – Merrmack NH Hillsborough County Merrimack Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 465,822

PSNH Merrimack Generating Station Northeast Utilities Public Service of New Hampshire* NH Merrimack County Bow Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 18,570

Essential Power Newington, LLC Es sential Power, LLC NH Rockingham County Newington Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 3,157

N E W JERSEY
Dela ware River Regional Water Treatment Plant New Jersey American Water American Water* NJ Burlington County Delran Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,809

CVC Specialty Chemicals, Inc. – Maple Shade Plant Emerald Performance Materials NJ Burlington County Maple Shade Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Epichlorohydrin 2.20 44,370

Dow Chemical Pennsauken Site The Dow Chemical Company NJ Camden County Pennsauken Basic chemicals – ACC Pentane 0.40 501

Wildwood/ L ower Region Cape May County Municipal Utilities Authority NJ Cape May County Rio Grande Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.55 140

Deltech Resin Company Newchem, Inc. NJ Essex County Newark Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.10 17

Cardolite Corporation Cardolite Corporation NJ Essex County Newark Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Epichlorohydrin 1.10 6,602

Ferro Delaware River Plant Ferro Corporation NJ Gloucester County Bridgeport Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 7.50 253,639

Paulsboro Refining Company LLC PBF Holding C ompany LLC NJ Gloucester County Paulsboro Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 19.00 3,219,850

L ogan Generating Co., L .P. NJ Gloucester County Swedesboro Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.07 <10

Johnson Matthey Inc. Johnson Matthey Plc. NJ Gloucester County West Deptford Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 5,926

Thorofare Plant Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, LLC NJ Gloucester County West Deptford Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 4,267,539

B a yonne Plant Holding L

. L .C. NJ Hudson County Bayonne Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.13 122,188

PSEG Fossil, LLC – Hudson Generating Staiton PSEG Power LLC NJ Hudson County Jersey City Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 <10

### 128

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

K uehne Chemical C o., Inc. NJ Hudson County South Kearny Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 9,039,893

PSEG Fossil, LLC – Mer cer Generating Station PSEG Power, LLC NJ Mercer County Hamilton Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 47

Trenton Water Works – Filtration Plant – EPARMP NJ Mercer County Trenton Water treatment Chlorine 0.20 794

Grace Edison Plant W.R. Grace & Co. Conn. NJ Middlesex County Edison Basic chemicals – ACC Titanium tetrachloride 0.90 3,836

Equistar Chemicals, L P LyondellBasell Industries NJ Middlesex County Edison Basic chemicals – ACC Titanium tetrachloride 6.20 406,649

DuPont – Parlin E.I.DuPont de Nemours & Co. Inc. NJ Middlesex County Parlin Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 0.43 1,747

Hercules Incorporated – Parlin Plant Ashland Incorporated NJ Middlesex County Parlin Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 5.50 267,547

Air L iquide America Specialty Gases, LLC. American Air Liquide Holdings, Inc. NJ Middlese x County South Plainfield Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 0.20 197

Swimming River Water Treatment Plant New Jersey American Water American Water* NJ Monmouth County Colts Neck Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,055

Jumping B rook Water Treatment Plant New Jersey American Water American Water* NJ Monmouth County Neptune Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,864

B rick Township Municipal Utilities Authority NJ Ocean County Brick Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,001

Church & Dwight Company Inc. NJ Ocean County Lakewood Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.28 309

Pequannock Water Treatment Plant City of Newark NWCDC* NJ Passaic County West Milford Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,130

Carneys Point Generating Co., L .P. NJ Salem County Carneys Point Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.09 <10

DuPont Performance Polymers – Chambers Works E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. , Inc. NJ Salem County Deepwater Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 13.00 562,775

DuPont Chambers Works E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Inc. NJ Salem County Deepwater Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 2,161,351

Mexichem Specialty Resins, Inc. Mexichem Specialty Resins, Inc. NJ Salem County Pedricktown Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl chloride 0.22 14

Oxy Vinyls, L P Occidental Petroleum Corporation NJ Salem County Pedricktown Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.80 1,010

L ubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc Pedricktown Plant The Lubrizol Corporation NJ Salem County Pedricktown Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 3.10 8,116

Siegfried USA, LLC Siegfried Holding A G NJ Salem County Pennsville Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ethyl ether 0.04 <10

Cogen Technologies L inden Venture, L P East Coast Power LLC NJ Union County Linden Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 49

B a yway Refinery Phillips 66 Company NJ Union County Linden Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.40 28,657

Infineum USA L .P. B a yway Chemical Plant Infineum USA Inc. NJ Union County Linden Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 4,488,369

B ASF Corporation Washington BASF Corporation NJ Warren County Washington Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ethylene oxide 3.58 18,993

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 129 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

N E W M EXICO
Southside W ater Reclamation Plant Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Author NM Bernalillo County Albuquerque Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 159,879

DPC Industries, Inc DX Holding Company NM Bernalillo County Albuquerque Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 658,598

Jacob A. Hands Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Las Cruces NM Dona Ana County Las Cruces Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,019

Navajo Refining Company Holly Corporation NM Eddy County Artesia Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 11.00 14,435

Navajo Refining Company, LLC – L ovington, NM HollyFrontier Corporation NM Lea County Lovington Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.30 <10

Santa Fe Pump Station/Water Chlorination Facility City of Gallup Joint Utilities NM McKinley County Gallup Water treatment Chlorine 0.30 194

City of Gallup Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Gallup Joint Utilities NM McKinley County Gallup Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,153

Gallup Refinery Western Refining Southwest, Inc. NM McKinley County Jamestown Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 5.90 1,281

Yah–ta–hey PumpStation Water Chlorination Facility City of Gallup Joint Utilities NM McKinley County Yah Ta Hey Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 327

Holloman Air Force B ase U . S. Air Force Air Combat Command, 49th Fighter W NM Otero County Holloman AFB Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.80 10

N EVADA
Soda L ake I Geothermal Project NV Churchill County Fallon Electric power generation Isopentane 0.02 <10

Enel Salt Wells, LLC Enel North America NV Churchill County Fallon Electric power generation Isobutane 0.40 <10

Enel Stillwater, LLC Enel North America NV Churchill County Fallon Electric power generation Isobutane 0.40 <10

Soda L ake II Geothermal Project NV Churchill County Fallon Electric power generation Isopentane 0.29 <10

B rady Geothermal Power Plant ORNI 1, LLC ORNI 2, LLC* NV Churchill County Fallon Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

Desert Peak II ORNI 3, LLC NV Churchill County Fallon Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

Desert Star Energy Center San Diego Gas and Electric NV Clark County Boulder City Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.70 <10

Southern Nevada Water System Southern Nevada Water Authority NV Clark County Boulder City Water treatment Chlorine 6.00 3,980

Saguaro Power Company NRG Energy Inc. NV Clark County Henderson Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 18,237

Thatcher Company of Nevada, Inc. NV Clark County Henderson Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,137,040

Pioneer Americas LLC dba Olin Chlor Alkali Product Olin Corporation NV Clark County Henderson Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 18.00 1,586,954

Goodsprings Energy Recovery Station NV Energy NV Clark County Jean Electric power generation Pentane 0.20 <10

Apex Generating Station Las Vegas Power Company LLC Broadway Gen. Funding LLC* NV Clark County Las Vegas Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.70 28

### 130

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Silverhawk Generating Station NV Energy NV Clark County North Las Vegas Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 <10

Walter M. Higgins III Generating Station NV Energy NV Clark County Primm Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 <10

Tuscorora Geothermal Ormat Technologies, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* NV Elko County Tuscorora Electric power generation Butane 0.40 <10

B lue Mountain Faulkner 1 NGP Blue Mountain I LLC NV Humboldt County Winnemucca Electric power generation Isopentane 0.40 <10

McGinness Hills Ormat Technologies, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* NV Lander County Austin Electric power generation Pentane 0.40 <10

Hawthorne Army Depot Department of Army Department of Defense* NV Mineral County Hawthorne Water treatment Chlorine 3.40 562

Wild Rose Ormat Technologies, inc. ORNI 47 LLC* NV Mineral County Luning Electric power generation Butane 0.40 <10

Jersey Valley Ormat Technologies, Inc. Ormat Nevada, Inc.* NV Pershing County Battle Mountain Electric power generation Pentane 0.40 <10

TRI–Center Power Plant Naniwa Energy LLC NV Storey County McCarran Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 463

Steamboat Geothermal Power Complex Ormat Technologies, Inc. NV Washoe County Reno Electric power generation Isobutane 0.40 143

Sierra Chemical Co., Sparks Facility NV Washoe County Sparks Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 401,965

N E W YOR K Surpass Chemical Company, Inc. B ridge Street Plant NY Albany County Albany Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 539,167

Feura B ush Filtration Plant Albany Water Board NY Albany County Feura Bush Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,830

Guilderland Water Treatment Plant Town of Gulderland NY Albany County Guilderland Center Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,342

Mohawk View Water Treatment Plant Town of Colonie Division of Latham Water NY Albany County Latham Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,606

Town of B ethlehem Dinmore Rd. Chlorination Station Town of Bethlehem Department of Public Works NY Albany County Selkirk Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 111

Town of B ethlehem Water Treatment Plant – Selkirk Town of Bethlehem Department of Public Works NY Albany County Selkirk Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,194

Town of B ethlehem Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Bethlehem Department of Public Works NY Albany County Selkirk Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,205

Town of B ethlehem Water Treatment Plant–Vly Creek Town of Bethlehem Department of Public Works NY Albany County Voorheesville Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 54

CYTEC Olean Inc CYTEC Industries Inc. NY Cattaraugus County Olean Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.03 <10

Dunkirk Wastewater Treatment Facility NY Chautauqua County Dunkirk Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,756

Dunkirk Water Filtration Plant City of Dunkirk NY Chautauqua County Dunkirk Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,479

Elmira Water B oard Filtration Plant Elmira Water Board NY Chemung County Elmira Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,469

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 131 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Saranac Power Partners, L .P. CalEnergy Company, Inc. NY Clinton County Plattsburgh Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.60 2,095

L er oy R. Summerson WWTF City of Cortland, NY NY Cortland County Cortland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,563

City of B eacon Wastewater Treatment Facility The City of Beacon NY Dutchess County Beacon Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 55,801

DuPont Yerkes Plant E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. Inc. NY Erie County Bu !alo Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl fluoride 0.12 25

City of B u !alo Water Facility NY Erie County Bu !alo Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 22,423

Tyson Deli, B u !alo, NY Tyson Foods Inc. NY Erie County Bu !alo Ammonia refrigeration Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 85,000

PVS Chemical Solutions, Inc. PVS Chemicals, Inc. NY Erie County Bu !alo Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 6.50 378,302

Sturgeon Point Water Treatment Plant Erie County Water Authority NY Erie County Derby Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,166

Van de Water, Water Treatment Plant Erie County Water Authority NY Erie County Tonawanda Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,261

Town of Tonawanda Wastewater Treatment Plant NY Erie County Tonawanda Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,861

Town of Tonawanda Water Treatment Plant NY Erie County Tonawanda Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,982

Tonawanda – 3M Company NY Erie County Tonawanda Basic chemicals – ACC Carbon disulfide 2.40 34,851

FMC Corporation – Peroxygens Tonawanda FMC Corporation NY Erie County Tonawanda Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 352,383

International Paper – Ticonderoga Mill International Paper NY Essex County Ticonderoga Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 2.00 635

Warneck Pump Station Development Authority of the North Country NY Je ! erson County Watertown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,713

Watertown Water Filtration Plant City of Watertown, NY NY Je ! erson County Watertown Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,932

L akeside B eaver Falls, LLC Lak eside New York, LLC NY Lewis County Beaver Falls Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.60 28

JCI Jones Chemicals, Inc. – Caledonia NY Livingston County Caledonia Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 25.00 877,870

Arkema Inc. Arkema Delaware Inc. NY Livingston County Pi !ard Basic chemicals – ACC Propyl chloroformate 1.70 681

Monroe County Water Authority – Shoremont Facility Monroe County Water Authority NY Monroe County Rochester Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 22,929

Arch Chemicals, Inc. – Rochester, NY Facility Arch Chemicals, Inc. NY Monroe County Rochester Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Chlorine 25.00 886,626

Somerset Operating Company, LLC Ups tate New York Power Producers, Inc. NY Niagara County Barker Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.90 3,730

VanDeMark Chemical Inc. Buckingham VanDeMark Holding Corp NY Niagara County Lockport Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Chlorine 14.00 240,997

Twin L ake Chemical, Inc. NY Niagara County Lockport Chemical manufacturing Phosgene 15.00 293,421

Praxair – Niagara Falls, NY Praxair, Inc. NY Niagara County Niagara Falls Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.70 3,156

Michael C. O’ L aughlin Municipal Water Plant Niagara Falls Water Board NY Niagara County Niagara Falls Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,524

### 132

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
NCWD Williams Road Treatment Plant NY Niagara County Niagara Falls Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 30,785

Niacet Corporation NY Niagara County Niagara Falls Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 411,475

Olin Corporation, Niagara Falls, NY – Foote Yard Olin Corporation NY Niagara County Niagara Falls Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 942,369

Olin Corporation – Niagara Falls, New York Plant Olin Corporation NY Niagara County Niagara Falls Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 960,730

Occidental Chemical Corporation – Niagara Plant Occidental Petroleum Corporation NY Niagara County Niagara Falls Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 974,770

North Tonawanda Wastwater Treatment Facility City of North Tonawanda, NY NY Niagara County North Tonawanda Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,260

City of Rome Water Filtration Plant City of Rome NY Oneida County Lee Center Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,058

Hinckley Water Treatment Plant Upper Mohawk Valley Regional Water Board NY Oneida County Prospect Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 385

City of Oneida Water Treatment Plant City of Oneida NY Oneida County Taberg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 188

Skaneateles Water Treatment Plant NY Onondaga County Skaneateles Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 409

L akeside Syracuse, L LC Lakeside New York, LLC NY Onondaga County Solvay Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.60 1,749

Onondaga Renewables LLC Onondaga R enewables LLC NY Onondaga County Syracuse Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.09 76

General Chemical LLC – Syracuse Works General Chemical LLC NY Onondaga County Syracuse Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 176,756

JCI Jones Chemicals Inc. – Warwick NY Orange County Warwick Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 324,901

City of Fulton Water Pollution Control Plant NY Oswego County Fulton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,125

Eastside Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Oswego NY Oswego County Oswego Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,240

City of Oswego Water Treatment Facility City of Oswego, New York NY Oswego County Oswego Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,387

Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Oswego NY Oswego County Oswego Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,162

Melrose Chlorination Station City of Troy NY Rensselaer County Melrose Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,472

John P. B uckley Water Treatment Plant City of Troy Department of Public Utilities NY Rensselaer County Troy Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,780

Joint Regional Sewerage B oard WWTP Joint Regional Sewerage Board NY Rockland County West Haverstraw Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 17,791

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc., Moreau Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. NY Saratoga County South Glens Falls Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.27 133

MPM Silicones, LLC Momen tive Performance Materials USA, Inc. NY Saratoga County Waterford Basic chemicals – ACC Dimethyldichlorosilane 7.50 165,013

SI Group NY Schenectady County Rotterdam Junction Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 25.00 842,753

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# | 133 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Massena Energy Facility Power City Partners, L.P. NY St. Lawrence County Massena Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 8,384

City Of Ogdensburg Wastewater Treatment Plant City Of Ogdensburg NY St. Lawrence County Ogdensburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 250

City of Hornell Water Treatment Plant NY Steuben County Hornell Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 198

Village of Monticello Water Department NY Sullivan County Kiamesha Lake Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,561

SC L IWC B olton Point Water System Southern Cayuga Lake Intermunicipal Water Com. NY Tompkins County Ithaca Water treatment Chlorine 1.80 5,155

Cayuga Operating Company LLC NY T ompkins County Lansing Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.30 1,106

Finch Paper LLC Finch P aper Holdings LLC NY Warren County Glens Falls Pulp and paper Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 141,165

Thatcher Company of New York NY Wayne County Williamson Industrial gas manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 160,850

Kensic o (Shaft 18) New York City Dept. of Environmental Protection NY Westchester County Valhalla Water treatment Chlorine 1.33 5,849

Hillview Reservoir New York City Environmental Protection NY Westchester County Yonkers Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 62,025

Attica Wastewater Treatment Plant Village of Attica NY Wyoming County Attica Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 227

Attica Water Treatment Plant Village of Attica NY Wyoming County Attica Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,140

O HIO

DP & L– J.M. Stuart Generating Station AES Corporation OH Adams County Aberdeen Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.10 11,593

DP& L– K illen Electric Generating Station DPL Inc. OH Adams County Manchester Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 7,011

Cairo Sulphur Products Chemtrade Logistics, Inc. OH Allen County Cairo Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 4.60 8,575

PPG Refinish – L ima, OH PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. OH Allen County Lima Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.01 <10

ISP L ima LLC In ternational Specialty Products OH Allen County Lima Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 0.30 197

Fort Amanda Specialties LLC Akz o Nobel Functional Chemicals LLC BASF Corporation* OH Allen County Lima Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrocyanic acid 0.60 683

L inde – L ima Linde LLC OH Allen County Lima Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 6,027

L ima Refining Company Husky Energy Corporation OH Allen County Lima Petroleum refinery Butane 1.50 8,870

L ima Water Treatment Plant City of Lima, Ohio OH Allen County Lima Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,128

PCS Nitrogen Ohio L .P. Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan Inc. OH Allen County Lima Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 17.00 149,789

Ineos USA LLC OH Allen C ounty Lima Petrochemical manufacturing Acrylonitrile 25.00 238,295

Gabriel Performance Products, LLC OH Ash tabula County Ashtabula Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Hydrogen sulfide 16.00 90,647

ASHTA Chemicals Incorporated ASHTA Chemicals Incorporated OH Ashtabula County Ashtabula Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 17.00 95,214

Detrex Chemicals Detrex Corporation OH Ashtabula County Ashtabula Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 161,102

### 134

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Univar USA Inc. – Cincinnati B ranch Univar USA Inc. OH Butler County Cincinnati Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 987,758

Charles M. B olton Plant Greater Cincinnati Water Works OH Butler County Fairfield Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 25,270

Air Products, Middletown, OH Air Products and Chemicals Inc. OH Butler County Middletown Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.30 323

Pilot Chemical Company of Ohio Middletown Plant Pilot Chemical Corporation OH Butler County Middletown Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Sulfur trioxide 2.90 32,900

Water Treatment Plant City of Springfield, Ohio OH Clark County Springfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,759

Clermont County B ob McEwen WTP Clermont County Sewer and Water District OH Clermont County Batavia Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,753

Clermont County Pierce–Union– B a tavia WTP Clermont County Sewer and Water District OH Clermont County New Richmond Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,840

Heritage–WTI, Inc Heritage–WTI, LLC. OH Columbiana County East Liverpool Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Furan 3.90 22,161

Coshocton Water Treatment Plant City of Coshocton OH Coshocton County Coshocton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,841

City of B ucyrus, Ohio – Water Department OH Crawford County Bucyrus Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,185

McGean–Rohco, Inc. OH Cuyahoga County Cleveland Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Epichlorohydrin 0.04 <10

Air Products, Cleveland Ohio Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. OH Cuyahoga County Cleveland Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.25 72

Ashland Inc. Ashland Inc. OH Cuyahoga County Cleveland Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.20 569

Greenville Water Treatment Plant City of Greenville OH Darke County Greenville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,484

Defiance Water Pollution Control Plant City of Defiance, Ohio OH Defiance County Defiance Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,632

PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. PPG Industries, Inc. OH Delaware County Delaware Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 0.22 179

City of Delaware Ohio Water Treatment Plant City of Delaware Ohio OH Delaware County Delaware Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 11,033

The Glidden Company Akzo Nobel OH Erie County Huron Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 1.30 1,423

Capital Resin Corporation OH Franklin County Columbus Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 0.62 1,437

Hap Cremean Water Plant City of Columbus Division of Power & Water OH Franklin County Columbus Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 80,638

Parsons Avenue Water Plant City of Columbus Division of Power & Water OH Franklin County Lockbourne Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 18,739

City of Westerville Water Plant City of Westerville OH Franklin County Westerville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,543

MPC – Fairborn Miami Products and Chemical Company OH Greene County Fairborn Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 555,208

Wetzler/Haynes Water Filtration Plant Village of Byesville OH Guernsey County Byesville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,816

Cambridge Water Treatment Plant OH Guernsey County Cambridge Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,216

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 135 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Air Products, Cincinnati, OH Air Products and Chemicals Inc. OH Hamilton County Cincinnati Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.30 687

EMD Chemicals Inc. EMD Chemicals Inc. OH Hamilton County Cincinnati Basic chemicals – ACC Chloroform 0.70 5,632

Richard Miller Water Treatment Plant Greater Cincinnati Water Works OH Hamilton County Cincinnati Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,706

Emerald Hilton Davis, L LC Emerald Performance Materials, LLC OH Hamilton County Cincinnati Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 1.00 15,886

PMC Cincinnati, Inc. PMC–Group OH Hamilton County Cincinnati Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,221,515

Pilot Chemical Company of Ohio L ockland Plan t Pilot Chemical Corporation OH Hamilton County Lockland Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Sulfur trioxide 3.80 101,103

Agrium , North B end Nitrogen Operation Agrium U.S. Inc. OH Hamilton County North Bend Chemical manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 19.00 875,066

DuPont Fort Hill Plant OH Hamilton County North Bend Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur trioxide 25.00 1,353,900

City of Norwalk Water Treatment OH Huron County Norwalk Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,480

W. H. Sammis Plant First Energy Generation Corp OH Je ! erson County Stratton Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.60 48

Painesville Water Treatment Plant City of Painesville OH Lake County Mentor Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,168

NOVA Chemicals, Inc NOVA Chemicals, Inc OH Lake County Painesville Basic chemicals – ACC Pentane 0.40 406

L ake County Water Treatment East Lake County Commissioners OH Lake County Painesville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,630

The L ubrizol Corporation, Painesville Facility The Lubrizol Corporation OH Lake County Painesville Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen sulfide 4.70 83,330

Willoughby Quartz Plant Momentive Performance Materials, Quartz Inc. OH Lake County Willoughby Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 1.68 29,197

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. OH Licking County Hebron Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 7,941

PolyOne Corporation Avon L ake Facility PolyOne Corporation (Formerly The Geon Company) OH Lorain County Avon Lake Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl chloride 0.35 347

Avon L ake Water Filtration Plant OH Lorain County Avon Lake Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 25,354

City of Elyria Wastewater Pollution Control Plant OH Lorain County Elyria Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,085

3M Elyria OH Lorain County Elyria Basic chemicals – ACC Carbon disulfide 2.10 21,452

City of Elyria Water Works OH Lorain County Lorain Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,527

L orain Water Purification Plant City of Lorain OH Lorain County Lorain Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,265

The Andersons Maumee Terminal The Andersons, Inc. OH Lucas County Maumee Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.00 113,380

B P–Husky Refining L LC Toledo Refinery Holding Company LLC Husky Oil Toledo Company* OH Lucas County Oregon Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.40 2,626

City of Oregon Water Plant City of Oregon OH Lucas County Oregon Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,574

Oregon Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Oregon OH Lucas County Oregon Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,755

### 136

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Toledo Refining Company LLC PBF Holding C ompany LLC OH Lucas County Oregon Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.62 27,059

Oregon Refinery Services Chemtrade Logistics Inc. OH Lucas County Oregon Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 3.70 48,601

Perstorp Polyols, Inc. Perstorp Inc. OH Lucas County Toledo Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.62 1,666

City of Toledo Division of Water Reclaimation OH Lucas County Toledo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,356

Specialty Gases of America, Inc. Praxair Distribution, Inc. OH Lucas County Toledo Basic chemicals – ACC Methyl chloride 1.70 11,080

City of Toledo Division of Water Treatment City of Toledo OH Lucas County Toledo Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 19,346

Aqua Ohio Struthers Division WTP Aqua America OH Mahoning County Poland Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 5,678

Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Youngstown OH Mahoning County Youngstown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 8,731

Aqua Ohio Water Company, Inc. Aqua America, Inc. OH Marion County Marion Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,827

City of Marion, Ohio Division of Water Pollution C OH Marion County Marion Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 16,245

Medina County – L iverpool WWTP (SD #500) Medina County Board of Commissioners Medina Coutny Sanitary Engineers* OH Medina County Valley City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,263

City of Piqua Water Treatment Plant City of Piqua OH Miami County Piqua Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,307

City of Piqua Wastewater Plant City of Piqua OH Miami County Piqua Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,579

City of Troy, Ohio – Water Treatment Plant OH Miami County Troy Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,333

Tri–Cities North Regional Wastewater Authority TCA OH Montgomery County Dayton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,268

City of Dayton Ottawa Water Treatment Plant City of Dayton OH Montgomery County Dayton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,206

City of Dayton Miami Water Treatment Plant City of Dayton OH Montgomery County Dayton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 55,064

City of Zanesville Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Zanesville OH Muskingum County Zanesville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 21,549

Ottawa County Regional Water Treatment Plant OH Ottawa County Port Clinton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,937

PPG Industries Ohio,–Circleville, Ohio Plant PPG Industries, Inc. OH Pickaway County Circleville Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.40 30

City of Ken t Water Treatment Plant City of Kent, Ohio OH Portage County Kent Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,565

OMNOVA Solutions Inc., Performance Chemicals OMNOVA Solutions Inc. OH Portage County Mogadore Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 3.20 36,661

City of Ravenna Water Treatment Plant City of Ravenna, Ohio OH Portage County Ravenna Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,785

Mansfield Water Treatment Plant – R1 OH Richland County Mansfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,473

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 137 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Mansfield Wastewater Treatment Plant OH Richland County Mansfield Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,358

P.H. Glatfelter Company – Chillicothe Facility P.H. Glatfelter Company OH Ross County Chillicothe Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 13.00 73,755

City of Clyde Water Treatment Plant OH Sandusky County Clyde Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,316

City of Fremont Water Treatment Plant OH Sandusky County Fremont Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,439

Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Church & Dwight Co., Inc. OH Seneca County Fostoria Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.01 <10

Aqua Ohio Inc. – Ti " n Division AQUA America Aqua America Inc* OH Seneca County Ti " n Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,814

City of Sidney, Ohio – Water Treatment Plant OH Shelby County Sidney Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 18,463

Alliance Water Tr. Plant and Wastewater Tr. Plant City of Alliance OH Stark County Alliance Water treatment, wastewater Chlorine 0.90 543

Canton Northwest Water Treatment Plant City of Canton OH Stark County Canton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,434

Canton Northeast Water Treatment Plant City of Canton OH Stark County Canton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 18,141

Ohio Refining Division MPC Marathon Petroleum Company LP OH Stark County Canton Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 925,034

OMNOVA Solutions Inc. – Akron Plant OMNOVA Solutions Inc. OH Summit County Akron Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 0.40 1,617

Emerald Polymer Additives, LLC Emer ald Performance Materials, LLC OH Summit County Akron Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Acrylonitrile 9.30 424,705

JCI Jones Chemicals Inc. – B arbert on, Ohio OH Summit County Barberton Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 25.00 1,289,178

PPG Industries, B arbert on PPG Industries, Inc. OH Summit County Barberton Basic chemicals – ACC Phosgene 25.00 1,347,751

City of Cuyahoga Falls Water Treatment Plant City of Cuyahoga Falls OH Summit County Cuyahoga Falls Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 17,174

L inde – Twinsburg OH Summit County Twinsburg Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.10 52

Nexeo Solutions – Twinsburg, OH Nexeo Solutions LLC TPG Capital* OH Summit County Twinsburg Basic chemicals – ACC Pentane 0.43 409

Albemarle Sorbent Technologies Albemarle Corporation OH Summit County Twinsburg Basic chemicals – ACC Bromine 0.70 964

Mahoning Valley Sanitary District OH Trumbull County Mineral Ridge Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 24,046

Dover Chemical Corporation ICC Industries Inc. OH Tuscarawas County Dover Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 104,629

Canton Sugar Creek Water Treatment Plant City of Canton OH Tuscarawas County Strasburg Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,023

Franklin Area Wastewater Treatment Plant Veolia Water North America OH Warren County Franklin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 30,785

Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, L

. L .C. Solvay America, Inc. OH Washington County Marietta Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Methyl chloride 1.20 552

### 138

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Orrville Department of Public Utilities OH Wayne County Orrville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,042

O K L AHOMA
Cit y of Durant Water Treatment Plant OK Bryan County Armstrong Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 358

El Reno Waterworks Treatment Plant City of El Reno OK Canadian County El Reno Water treatment Chlorine 3.10 11,600

B renntag Southwest, O KC 6–09 Br enntag, Inc OK Canadian County Oklahoma City Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 3,375

City of Ardmore Water Plant OK Carter County Ardmore Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,123

Ardmore Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Ardmore, OK OK Carter County Ardmore Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,583

Valero Refining Company – Oklahoma Valero Energy Corporation OK Carter County Ardmore Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 11.00 36,049

On L ine Packaging, Incorporated – Ardmore Plant OK Carter County Ardmore Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 37,192

Tahlequah Water Pumping and Treatment Facility OK Cherokee County Tahlequah Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,170

Vernon Campbell Water Treatment Plant City of Norman, Oklahoma OK Cleveland County Norman Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,805

South Canadian Wastewater Treatment Plant (SCWWTP) Oklahoma City Water Utilities Trust City of Oklahoma City* OK Cleveland County Oklahoma City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,266

Draper Water Treatment Plant City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department OK Cleveland County Oklahoma City Water treatment Chlorine 11.00 377,602

Vinita Water Treatment Plant Vinita Utility Authority OK Craig County Vinita Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 97

Creek County Rural Water District No. 1 OK Creek County Kellyville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 114

Weatherford Public Works Authority City of Weatherford OK Custer County Weatherford Wastewater treatment Chlorine 4.20 5,665

City of Enid Water Plant #2 PWSID 2002445 OK Garfield County Enid Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,063

City of Enid Water Plant #1 PWSID 2002412 OK Garfield County Enid Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,378

Wynnewood Refining Company, LLC C VR Refining, LP OK Garvin County Wynnewood Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc.

* 50%) 12.00 19,113

Altus Water Treatment Plant OK Jackson County Altus Water treatment Chlorine 1.20 12

B lackwell Water Plant OK Kay County Blackwell Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,232

Ponca City Waste Water Treatment Plant OK Kay County Ponca City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,380

Ponca City Water Treatment Plant OK Kay County Ponca City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,413

Phillips 66 Refinery – Ponca City, Oklahoma Phillips 66 Company Phillips 66* OK Kay County Ponca City Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 12.00 32,951

Poteau Valley Improvement Authority OK Le Flore County Wister Water treatment Chlorine 0.60 17

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 139 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Chandler Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Chandler, Oklahoma OK Lincoln County Chandler Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 174

City of Chandler Water Plant City of Chandler, Oklahoma OK Lincoln County Chandler Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 193

City of Chandler New Water Plant City of Chandler, Oklahoma OK Lincoln County Chandler Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 492

MidAmerica Industrial Park Water Plant Oklahoma Ordnance Works Authority OK Mayes County Pryor Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 739

AECI CC Power Plant – Chouteau Power Plant Associated Electric Cooperative Incorporated OK Mayes County Pryor Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 2,290

Pryor Chemical Company LSB Industries, Inc. OK Mayes County Pryor Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 138,951

B SW Nowata Brenntag, Inc OK Nowata County Nowata Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 101,119

City of Edmond – Water Treatment Plant City of Edmond OK Oklahoma County Arcadia Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,211

City of Del City Pollution Control Plant OK Oklahoma County Del City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.90 170,185

City of Del City Water Treatment Plant OK Oklahoma County Del City Water treatment Chlorine 5.90 194,867

Deer Creek Wastewater Plant City of Oklahoma City OK Oklahoma County Edmond Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 345

Co !ee Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Edmond OK Oklahoma County Edmond Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 8,128

North Canadian Wastewater Plant City of Oklahoma City OK Oklahoma County Jones Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,885

Midwest City Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Midwest City OK Oklahoma County Midwest City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.50 18,081

Midwest City water treatment plant City of Midwest City Oklahoma OK Oklahoma County Midwest City Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 21,009

Hefner Water Treatment Plant City of Oklahoma City Water & Wastewater Utilities OK Oklahoma County Oklahoma City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,909

Okmulgee Water Treatment Plant City of Okmulgee OK Okmulgee County Okmulgee Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,330

B aker Petrolite Corporation

– B arnsdall, O K B aker Hughes OK Osage County Barnsdall Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ethylene 0.40 <10

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company L P – B artlesvill Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP OK Osage County Bartlesville Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene 0.20 <10

City of B artlesville Ted D. L ockin W ater Tmt Plant OK Osage County Bartlesville Water treatment Chlorine 6.20 33,048

Stillwater Water Treatment Plant City of Stillwater OK Payne County Stillwater Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 275

OSU Water Treatment Plant Oklahoma State University OK Payne County Stillwater Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,602

City of Shawnee Water Treatment Plant OK Pottawatomie County Shawnee Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,582

Advance Research Chemicals, Inc. OK Rogers County Catoosa Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 0.81 651

### 140

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Air Products Catoosa ESM Facility Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. OK Rogers County Catoosa Basic chemicals – ACC Arsine 1.60 2,353

B renntag Southwest, Inc. Port of Catoosa Brenntag, Inc. OK Rogers County Catoosa Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 25.00 773,313

City of Claremore WWTP City of Claremore OK Rogers County Claremore Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,340

Claremore Water Treatment Plant City of Claremore OK Rogers County Claremore Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 7,276

Duncan Water Treatment Plant OK Stephens County Duncan Water treatment Chlorine 1.20 137

L ynn L ane Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Broken Arrow OK Tulsa County Broken Arrow Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 900

Haikey Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Regional Metropolitan Utility Authority OK Tulsa County Broken Arrow Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,639

Sand Springs Water Treatment Plant City of Sand Springs OK Tulsa County Sand Springs Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,023

B renntag Southwest, Inc. Sand Springs Brenntag, Inc. OK Tulsa County Sand Springs Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 3.00 18,020

B aker Petrolite Corporation – Sand Springs Baker Hughes, Inc. OK Tulsa County Sand Springs Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 20.00 680,987

Holly Refining & Marketing – Tulsa (East) LLC Holly C orporation OK Tulsa County Tulsa Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.30 9,375

Holly Refining & Marketing – Tulsa L LC Holly Corporation OK Tulsa County Tulsa Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.50 11,985

ChemTrade Refinery Services, Inc. OK Tulsa County Tulsa Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 4.60 62,986

A. B . Jewell Water Treatment Plant City of Tulsa OK Tulsa County Tulsa Water treatment Chlorine 9.30 288,604

Mohawk Water Treatment Plant City of Tulsa OK Tulsa County Tulsa Water treatment Chlorine 9.30 301,262

B artlesville Chickasaw Wastewater Plant City of Bartlesville OK Washington County Bartlesville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,017

Clinton Water Treatment Plant City of Clinton, Oklahoma Severn Trent Enviromental Services Contract Operat* OK Washita County Foss Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 48

ORE GON
Oak L odge S anitary District OR Clackamas County Milwaukie Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.50 21,026

Tri–City Water Pollution Control Plant Clackamas County OR Clackamas County Oregon City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,235

Headworks City of Portland Water Bureau OR Clackamas County Sandy Water treatment Chlorine 0.70 15

City of Astoria Waste Water Treatment Facility OR Clatsop County Astoria Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 18

Wauna Mill Fort James Operating Company Georgia–Pacific Corporation* OR Clatsop County Clatskanie Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 14.00 10,627

City of Astoria Headworks OR Clatsop County Svensen Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 20

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 141 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Dyno Nobel Inc. – St. Helens Plant Incitec Pivot, Ltd. OR Columbia County Deer Island Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 18.00 222,065

Pony Creek Water Treatment Plant Coos Bay – North Bend Water Board OR Coos County Coos Bay Water treatment Chlorine 2.63 20,575

City of North B end Wastewater Treatment Plant City of North Bend, OR OR Coos County North Bend Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.20 281

City of B end Wastewater Control Plant OR Deschutes County Bend Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,052

City of B end Water Supply Contact Time B asin OR Deschut es County Bend Water treatment Chlorine 2.10 5,994

L inde – Medford Linde LLC OR Jackson County White City Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 1,261

K lamath Cogeneration Project Iberdrola Renewables LLC OR Klamath County Klamath Falls Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 6,993

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. – Springfield Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC OR Lane County Springfield Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.27 226

Hayden B ridge Filtration Plant Eugene Water & Electric Board OR Lane County Springfield Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,532

ATI Wah Chang Allegheny Technologies OR Linn County Albany Nonferrous metal smelting Chlorine 14.00 166,325

Cascade Pacific Pulp, Halsey Pulp Mill Cascade Pacific Pulp OR Linn County Halsey Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 3.70 1,902

Coyote Springs Plant Portland General Electric OR Morrow County Boardman Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.70 1,111

Univar USA Inc. Univar USA Inc. OR Multnomah County Portland Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 1.00 744

Siltronic Corporation Siltronic AG Wacker Chemie* OR Multnomah County Portland Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 0.40 753

Rivergate Terminal J.R. Simplot Company, dba Simplot Agribusiness OR Multnomah County Portland Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 7.20 183,488

Hercules Incorpated –Portland Plant Ashland Inc OR Multnomah County Portland Basic chemicals – ACC Epichlorohydrin 4.20 217,613

City of Dallas Water Treatment Plant City of Dallas, Oregon OR Polk County Dallas Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 319

Monmouth Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Monmouth OR Polk County Monmouth Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,688

Hermiston Generating Plant Perennial Power Company, LLC PacifiCorp Energy* OR Umatilla County Hermiston Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 34

City of Hermiston Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Hermiston OR Umatilla County Hermiston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,373

City of Hermiston Water Treatment Plant City of Hermiston Port of Umatilla* OR Umatilla County Hermiston Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,104

City of Hermiston Public Well No. 5 City of Hermiston OR Umatilla County Hermiston Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 7,604

Hermiston Power, L LC Calpine Corporation OR Umatilla County Hermiston Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.90 16,927

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. – L a Grande Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC OR Union County Island City Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.61 110

### 142

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Joint Commission Water Treatment Plant Joint Water Commission OR Washington County Forest Grove Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 7,999

Intel Corporation Ronler Acres Campus Intel Corporation OR Washington County Hillsboro Semiconductor manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.40 113,953

Tualatin Air Products and Chemicals, Inc OR Washington County Tualatin Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 1.10 7,742

Waste Water Treatment Plant, Newberg Oregon City of Newberg, Oregon OR Yamhill County Newberg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,017

PENNS Y L V ANIA

Hun terstown Combined–Cycle Power Plant NRG Wholesale Generation LP NRG Energy, Inc.* PA Adams County Gettysburg Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.50 112

Hanover Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility Borough of Hanover PA Adams County McSherrystown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 5,636

Allison Park Water Pollution Control Plant PA Allegheny County Allison Park Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,597

Univar USA Inc., B unola B ranch 4–10 Univar USA Inc. PA Allegheny County Bunola Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 679,870

Eastman Chemical Company – Je !erson Site Eastman Chemical Company PA Allegheny County Je ! erson Borough Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Pentadiene 1.60 5,149

Mc Keesport W ater Treatment Plant PA Allegheny County McKeesport Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 19,172

Hulton Treatment Plant Mun. Auth. of the Bourough of Oakmont PA Allegheny County Oakmont Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,408

Allegheny Valley Joint Sewage Authority PA Allegheny County Pittsburgh Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,004

Neville Island Treatment Plant Municipal Authority of the Borough of West View PA Allegheny County Pittsburgh Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 19,039

Piney Fork Sewage Treatment Plant Bethel Park Municipal Authority PA Allegheny County South Park Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,944

W.P.J.W.A. Nadine Road Pump Station Wilkinsburg–Penn Joint Water Authority PA Allegheny County Verona Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 13,258

W.P.J.W.A. Treatment Plant Wilkinsburg–Penn Joint Water Authority PA Allegheny County Verona Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 23,030

Praxair – B agdad, P A Praxair, Inc. PA Armstrong County Leechburg Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.20 29

Keystone Station GenOn Northeast Management Company PA Armstrong County Shelocta Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.70 92

Chippewa Township San. Authority POTW PA Beaver County Beaver Falls Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.50 25,586

NOVA Chemicals Inc., B eaver Valley Site NOVA Chemicals Corporation PA Beaver County Monaca Basic chemicals – ACC Isopentane 0.30 132

B ASF Corporation Monaca Site BASF Corporation PA Beaver County Monaca Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Acrylonitrile 0.68 624

First Energy B ruce Mansfield Plant First Energy Generation LLC PA Beaver County Shippingport Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.30 27

Evitts Creek Water Company City of Cumberland Water Filtration Plant PA Bedford County Bedford Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 624

Maiden Creek Filtration Plant Reading Area Water Authority City of Reading* PA Berks County Ontelaunee Township Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,747

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 143 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

B renntag Northeast, Inc. Brenntag North America PA Berks County Reading Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 1.00 2,664

Fritz Island Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Reading, PA PA Berks County Reading Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,076

Ontelaunee Energy Center Dynegy Gas Holdings, LLC Dynegy, Inc.* PA Berks County Reading Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 40,819

Western B erks Water Authority PA Berks County Sinking Spring Water treatment Chlorine 6.40 189,695

Univar USA Inc., Altoona B ranch Univar USA Inc. PA Blair County Altoona Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 1.30 4,594

Albemarle Corporation– Tyrone Facility Albemarle Corportion PA Blair County Tyrone Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.20 1,467

B ristol B oro Water Treatment Plant Aqua America, Inc. PA Bucks County Bristol Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 8,892

Rohm and Haas Company B ristol Plant Rohm and Haas Company PA Bucks County Croydon Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 1.67 5,323

LB CJMA Wastewater Treatment Plant PA Bucks County Levittown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,431

Praxair Distribution / Mid Atlantic Praxair, Inc. GTS–Welco, Inc.* PA Bucks County Morrisville Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 1.10 1,192

Morrisville ESG / Electronics Air Liquide Electronics U.S. LP PA Bucks County Morrisville Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 2.40 23,503

Neshaminy Pumping Station Aqua America, Inc. PA Bucks County Oakford Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 7,291

LB CJMA Water Filtration Plant PA Bucks County Tullytown Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,615

Yardley Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Bucks County Yardley Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,219

Morrisville Water Filtration Plant Morrisville Borough Municipal Authority PA Bucks County Yardley Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 30,710

Oneida Valley Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Butler County Butler Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 910

B utler Area Sewer Authority Wastewater Treatment PA Butler County Butler Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,681

B ASF Corporation – Evans City Site BASF Corporation PA Butler County Evans City Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Boron trifluoride 3.80 19,220

Air Products B utler, PA Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. PA Butler County Lyndora Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.40 351

James Austin Company PA Butler County Mars Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 12.00 277,399

INDSPEC Chemical Corporation Occidental Petroleum Corporation PA Butler County Petrolia Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 25.00 241,854

Colver Power Project Inter–Power/AhlCon Partners, L.P. PA Cambria County Colver Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 4,619

Cambria Cogen Company Northern Star Generation Services PA Cambria County Ebensburg Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.30 35

City of Johnstown Wastewater Treatment Plant PA Cambria County Johnstown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,488

### 144

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Riverside Water Treatment Plant Greater Johnstown Water Authority PA Cambria County Johnstown, PA 15904 Water treatment Chlorine 2.63 25,063

Panther Creek Energy Facility Panther Creek Partners, Inc. PA Carbon County Nesquehoning Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.70 8,137

Airgas Specialty Products Inc., Palmerton, PA Airgas Inc. PA Carbon County Palmerton Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 21.00 745,192

Downingtown Regional Water Pollution Cont. Center PA Chester County Downingtown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,768

Pickering Creek West Water Treatment Plant Aqua America, Inc. PA Chester County Phoenixville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,529

Pickering Creek East Water Treatment Plant Aqua America, Inc. PA Chester County Phoenixville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,529

Phoenixville Water Works Borough of Phoenixville PA Chester County Phoenixville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,545

Home Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Chester County Spring City Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 17,762

Ingram’s Mill Water Treatment Plant Aqua America, Inc. PA Chester County West Chester Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,162

Taylor Run Wastewater Treatment Plant Borough of West Chester PA Chester County West Chester Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,133

Goose Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Borough of West Chester PA Chester County West Chester Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 17,710

PAW Clarion Wastewater Pennsylvania American Water American Water Works* PA Clarion County Clarion Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,506

City of Du B ois Sewage Treatment Plant City of DuBois PA Clearfield County DuBois Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 8,601

Shawville Station NRG REMA LLC PA Clearfield County Shawville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 708

Avery Dennison Performance Polymers Avery Dennison PA Clinton County Mill Hall Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.11 <10

Croda, Inc. – Mill Hall, PA Croda International Plc PA Clinton County Mill Hall Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 9.30 24,385

Carlisle Region Water Pollution Control Facility Borough of Carlisle Sewer System Authority PA Cumberland County Carlisle Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,434

B orough of Carlisle Water Treatment Plant Borough of Carlisle Municipal Authority PA Cumberland County Carlisle Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,390

Silver Spring Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Cumberland County Mechanicsburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,313

Harrisburg Advanced Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Harrisburg The Harrisburg Authority* PA Dauphin County Harrisburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,919

Dr. Robert E. Young Water Services Center City of Harrisburg The Harrisburg Authority* PA Dauphin County Harrisburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 21,490

Hershey Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Dauphin County Hummelstown Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,257

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 145 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Univar USA Inc. – Middletown B ranch Univar USA Inc. PA Dauphin County Middletown PA Bleach manufacturing, ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 614,582

DE LC ORA–Western Regional Treatment Plant PA Delaware County Chester Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,513

B raskem Marcus Hook Polymers Braskem America, Inc PA Delaware County Marcus Hook Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.50 2,094

Marcus Hook Industrial Complex Sunoco Logistics LP PA Delaware County Marcus Hook Petroleum refinery Ethylene oxide 9.90 502,779

Ridley Creek Water Treatment Plant Aqua America, Inc. PA Delaware County Media Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,912

Crum Creek Water Treatment Plant Aqua America, Inc. PA Delaware County Springfield Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,306

Trainer Refinery Monroe Energy LLC PA Delaware County Trainer Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 19.00 2,459,900

Domtar – Johnsonburg Mill (formerly Weyerhaeuser) Domtar Paper Company, LLC (formerly Weyerhaeuser) PA Elk County Johnsonburg Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 2.48 2,912

Chestnut Filtration Plant Erie Water Works PA Erie County Erie Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,656

City of Erie, PA – Wastewater Treatment Plant PA Erie County Erie Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 81,716

Connellsville Water Treatment Plant PA Fayette County Connellsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,715

Filtration Plant A North Fayette County Municipal Authority PA Fayette County Connellsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 5,161

Washington Township Municipal Authority WWTP Washington Township Municipal Authority PA Franklin County Waynesboro Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 901

Southwestern Pennsylvania Water Authority – WTP PA Greene County Rices Landing Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 2,942

Huntingdon Wastewater Treatment Plant Borough of Huntingdon PA Huntingdon County Huntingdon Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,076

Huntingdon Water Treatment Plant Borough of Huntingdon PA Huntingdon County Huntingdon Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,852

Homer City Generating Station Homer City Generation LP PA Indiana County Homer City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.00 10,445

Two L ick Creek Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Indiana County Indiana Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 244

Seward Station NRG Wholesale Generation LP PA Indiana County New Florence Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 <10

Conemaugh Station GenOn Northeast Management Company PA Indiana County New Florence Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.30 16

B rownell Water Treatment Plant PA–American Water Company American Water Works Service Company* PA Lackawanna County Carbondale Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,239

L ake Scranton Plant Pennsylvania American Water Company American Water Works Service Company* PA Lackawanna County Moscow Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,485

The Scranton Sewer Authority PA Lackawanna County Scranton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 761

### 146

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Polychemie Inc. – Taylor, PA Facility SNF Holding Company PA Lackawanna County Taylor Basic chemicals – ACC Dimethylamine 0.24 227

Ephrata B orough Wastewater Treatment Plant # 1 PA Lancaster County Ephrata Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,340

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc Air Products and Chemicals, Inc PA Lancaster County Lancaster Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.30 534

City of L ancaster Wastewater Treatment Plant PA Lancaster County Lancaster Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 29,341

Octoraro Water Treatment Plant Chester Water Authority PA Lancaster County Little Britain Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,806

Ellwood City Water Treatment Plant PA–American Water American Water* PA Lawrence County Ellwood City Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,960

New Castle Wastewater Treatment Plant PA Lawrence County New Castle Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,360

New Castle Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Lawrence County New Castle Water treatment Chlorine 1.60 13,362

City of L ebanon A uthority Water Treatment Plant City of Lebanon Authority PA Lebanon County Lebanon Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,719

PP LIronwood, LLC PPL Ir onwood, LLC The PPL Corporation* PA Lebanon County South Lebanon Twp Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 29

City of Allentown Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Allentown PA Lehigh County Allentown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 38,023

Huntsville Water Treatment Plant PA–American Water Company American Water Works Service Company* PA Luzerne County Dallas Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 110

L ower L ackawanna Valley Sanitary Authority PA Luzerne County Duryea Wastewater treatment Chlorine 4.50 55,022

Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority PA Luzerne County Hanover Township Wastewater treatment Chlorine 5.40 116,396

Hazleton City Authority – Roan Filtration Facility PA Luzerne County Hazleton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 31,280

Ceastown Water Treatment Plant PA–American Water Company American Water Works Service Company* PA Luzerne County Hunlock Creek Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 328

Crystal L ake Water Treatment Plant PA–American Water Company American Water Works Service Company* PA Luzerne County Mountaintop Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 360

Nesbitt Water Treatment Plant PA–American Water Company American Water Works Service Company* PA Luzerne County Pittston Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 146

Watres Water Treatment Plant PA – American Water Company American Water Works Service Company* PA Luzerne County Plains Township Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 634

Montoursville Regional Sewer System WWTP Lycoming County Water and Sewer Authority PA Lycoming County Montoursville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 268

WMWA Filtration Plant PA Lycoming County Williamsport Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 6,817

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 147 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Williamsport Sanitary Authority – Central Plant PA Lycoming County Williamsport Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.60 35,079

L onza, Inc. PA Lycoming County Williamsport Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Chlorine 14.00 107,763

American Refining Group, B radford Refinery American Refining Group, Inc. PA McKean County Bradford Petroleum refinery Propane 0.30 441

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc., Mount Jewett Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. PA McKean County Mount Jewett Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.53 11

Greenville Wastewater Treatment Plant PA Mercer County Greenville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,883

Aqua Pennsylvania, Inc. Aqua America Inc. PA Mercer County Sharon Water treatment Chlorine 1.40 12,360

Vertellus Health & Specialty Products L LC Vertellus Specialties Inc. PA Monroe County Delaware Water Gap Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 15,749

Stony Garden Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Monroe County Hamilton Township Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 371

Norristown Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Montgomery County Norristown Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 55,006

Pottstown Wastewater Treatment Plant Pottstown Borough
Pottstown WWTP* PA Montgomery County Pottstown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,166

Pottstown Water Filtration Plant Pottstown Borough PA Montgomery County Stowe Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,293

Montour Steam Electric Station (SES) PPL Montour, LLC PPL Generation LLC* PA Montour County Washingtonville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 8.90 28,615

GTS Welco – B ethlehem, PA Praxair, Inc. GT&S, Inc.* PA Northampton County Bethlehem Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene 0.20 88

Piramal Critical Care Inc. PA Northampton County Bethlehem Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 1.80 13,280

B ethlehem Energy Center Calpine Corporation PA Northampton County Bethlehem Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 28,098

City of B ethlehem Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Bethlehem PA Northampton County Bethlehem Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 73,404

City of B ethlehem Water Treatment Plant City of Bethlehem, PA PA Northampton County Lehigh Township Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 5,550

Northampton Generating Plant Northampton Generating Company, LP PA Northampton County Northampton Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.05 24

Roaring Creek Water Treatment Plant Aqua Pennsylvania, Inc. PA Northumberland County Elysburg Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 441

Milton Wastewater Treatment Plant Milton Regional Sewer Authority Milton Regional Sewer Authority* PA Northumberland County Milton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,192

Milton Filter Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA Northumberland County Milton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,583

Shamokin–Coal Township Joint Sewer Authority PA Northumberland County Shamokin Electric power generation Chlorine 2.00 6,567

### 148

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Sunbury Water Filtration Plant PA Northumberland County Sunbury Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,081

Tanner Industries, Inc. Tanner Industries, Inc. PA Philadelphia County Philadelphia Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.70 369,864

Philadelphia Refining Complex Philadelphia Energy Solutions PA Philadelphia County Philadelphia Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 8.04 1,435,188

B road Mountain WTP Schuylkill County Municipal Authority PA Schuylkill County Pottsville Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 194

Shenandoah Water Treatment Plant PA Schuylkill County Raven Run Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 657

Still Creek Water Treatment Plant PA Schuylkill County Tamaqua Water treatment Chlorine 5.20 18,446

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Hometown) Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. PA Schuylkill County Tamaqua Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 16.00 192,573

Somerset B orough Wastewater Treatment Plant PA Somerset County Somerset Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.50 11,770

Merisol Antioxidants LLC, Oil Cit y, PA Merisol LP PA Venango County Cornplanter TWP Basic chemicals – ACC 2– Methylpropene 0.46 28

United Refining Company United Refining company PA Warren County Warren Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.40 1,017

Authority of the B orough of Charleroi PA Washington County Charleroi Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,704

Flexsys America L .P. Solutia, Inc. PA Washington County Monongahela Basic chemicals – ACC Carbon disulfide 2.20 10,317

Washington–East Washington Joint Authority PA Washington County Washington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 7.40 75,315

Greater Greensburg Wastewater Treatment Plant PA Westmoreland County Greensburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,342

Mun. Sanitary Auth. of the City of New Kensingt on PA Westmoreland County New Kensington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.50 29,316

H. B urns Smith Water Treatment Plant Municipal Authority of the City of New Kensington PA Westmoreland County New Kensington Water treatment Chlorine 2.63 37,092

George Sweeney Water Treatment Plant PA Westmoreland County Saltsburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 797

The Procter & Gamble Paper Products Co. –Mehoopany The Procter & Gamble Company PA Wyoming County Tunkhannock Pulp and paper Chlorine 3.00 1,018

York Energy Center Calpine Mid–Merit, LLC Calpine Corporation* PA York County Delta Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 4,190

Hanover Municipal Water Works – Filter Plant Borough of Hanover PA York County Hanover Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,652

Penn Township WWTP Penn Township PA York County Hanover Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,380

West Shore Regional Water Treatment Plant Pennsylvania American Water American Water* PA York County New Cumberland Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,876

Church & Dwight Company, Inc. Church & Dwight Company, Inc. PA York County York Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.01 <10

Springettsbury Wastewater Treatment Plant PA York County York Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 14,104

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 149 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

R HODE I S L AND
Cit y of Newport Station 1 Water Plant City of Newport RI Newport County Newport Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,839

L awton Valley Water Plant City of Newport RI Newport County Portsmouth Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,808

Tiverton Power Tiverton Power LLC Emera Energy Generation II, Inc.* RI Newport County Tiverton Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 35,983

Tanner Industries, Inc. Tanner Industries, Inc. RI Providence County East Providence Chemical wholesale Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.70 207,558

TC L P Ocean State Power TransCanada RI Providence County Harrisville Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.60 2,155

Philip J. Holton Water Purification Works City of Providence, Rhode Island RI Providence County Hope Water treatment Chlorine 2.30 7,195

Univar USA Inc., Providence B ranch Univar USA Inc. RI Providence County Providence Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 957,980

Charles Hamman Water Treatment Plant City of Woonsocket, RI RI Providence County Woonsocket Water treatment Chlorine 0.30 667

S OUTH CARO L INA
Abbeville Water Treatment Plant City of Abbeville SC Abbeville County Abbeville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 315

North Augusta Water Treatment Plant City of North Augusta SC Aiken County North Augusta Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,655

Halocarbon Products Corp. SC Aiken County North Augusta Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 9.90 222,760

Generostee Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant SC Anderson County Anderson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 2,655

L eo Fisher W

astewater treatment Plant (Ducworth) City of Belton Combined Utilities SC Anderson County Belton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 2,976

B elton–Honea Path Water Treatment Plant Belton–Honea Path Water Authority SC Anderson County Honea–Path Water treatment Chlorine 1.75 1,320

B amber g B PW Wastewater Treatment Plant SC Bamberg County Bamberg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 259

B arn well Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Barnwell SC Barnwell County Barnwell Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.52 592

B road Creek Public Service District SC Beaufort County Hilton Head Island Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,813

Reclaimed Water Plant South Island Public Service District SC Beaufort County Hilton Head Island Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.20 7,222

L ANXES S B ushy Park Plant Lanxess Deutschland GmbH SC Berkeley County Goose Creek Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Cyclohexylamine 0.10 <10

Sun Chemical Corporation, B ushy Park Facility Sun Chemical Corporation DIC Americas Incorporated* SC Berkeley County Goose Creek Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 4,755

South Carolina Electric & Gas, Williams Station SCANA SC Berkeley County Goose Creek Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 42,898

Hanahan Water Treatment Plant Charleston Water System SC Berkeley County Hanahan Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 13,638

Santee Cooper Regional Water System South Carolina Public Service Authority SC Berkeley County Moncks Corner Water treatment Chlorine 1.24 991

### 150

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Santee Cooper Cross Generating Station Santee Cooper SC Berkeley County Pineville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.90 769

B renntag Mid–South Inc. Brenntag Inc. SC Charleston County Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 0.40 601

Solvay USA Inc. – Charleston, SC Plant Solvay SA SC Charleston County Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Phosphorus oxychloride 24.00 597,861

MeadWestvaco S. Carolina, LLC –Chas. Chem. Plan t MeadWestvaco Corporation SC Charleston County N. Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.12 71

Milliken Chemical Allen Plant Milliken & Company SC Cherokee County Blacksburg Basic chemicals – ACC Phosphorus oxychloride 1.16 665

B road River Waste Water Treatment Plant Ga ! ney Board of Public Works SC Cherokee County Ga ! ney Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 87

Clary Waste Water Treatment Plant Ga ! ney Board of Public Works SC Cherokee County Ga ! ney Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 87

Cherokee Water Treatment Plant Ga ! ney Board of Public Works SC Cherokee County Ga ! ney Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 112

Victor Ga ! ney Water Treatment Plant Ga ! ney Board of Public Works SC Cherokee County Ga ! ney Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 114

Chemtrade Performance Chemicals US LLC L eeds Sit e Chemtrade Logistics SC Chester County Carlisle Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 25.00 93,654

OMNOVA Solutions Inc. OMNOVA Solutions Inc. SC Chester County Chester Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 7.40 15,141

CMD – Filter Plant Chester Metropolitan SC Chester County Ft. Lawn Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,372
Walterboro Wastewater Treatment Plant SC Colleton County Walterboro Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.70 8,699

Summerville CPW Wastewater Treatment Plant Summerville Commissioners of Public Works SC Dorchester County Summerville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,628

ECW&SA Water Treatment Plant Edgefield County Water & Sewer Authority SC Edgefield County North Augusta Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 773

Winnsboro Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Winnsboro SC Fairfield County Winnsboro Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.50 727

L ake City Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Lake City SC Florence County Lake City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.50 1,181

Santee Cooper Winyah Generating Station SC Georgetown County Georgetown Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.30 2,215

City of Georgetown Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Georgetown SC Georgetown County Georgetown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.47 2,261

City of Georgetown Water Treatment Plant City of Georgetown SC Georgetown County Georgetown Water treatment Chlorine 1.46 2,383

International Paper Georgetown Mill International Paper SC Georgetown County Georgetown Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 7.90 24,074

Murrells Inlet Wastewater Treatment Plant Georgetown County Water and Sewer District SC Georgetown County Murrells Inlet Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 12,999

Waccamaw Neck Water Plant Georgetown County water and Sewer District SC Georgetown County Pawleys Island Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,663

Pawleys Island Wastewater Treatment Plant Georgetown County Water and Sewer District SC Georgetown County Pawleys Island Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 5,492

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 151 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Tiarco Chemical Textile Rubber and Chemical Company SC Greenville County Greenville Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Sulfur trioxide 3.80 27,843

Ethox Chemicals LLC. Piedmon t Chemical Industries, Inc. SC Greenville County Greenville Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ethylene oxide 11.00 315,669

City of Greer Water Treatment Plant Greer Commission of Public Works SC Greenville County Greer Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 9,053

B ASF Corporation Mauldin Plant BASF Corporation SC Greenville County Mauldin Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 9.90 308,488

Cytec Carbon Fibers LLC, Gr eenville, SC Cytec Industries, Inc. SC Greenville County Piedmont Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 2.50 8,207

Ashland Inc. Ashland Inc. SC Greenville County Piedmont Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 5.35 38,354

L ANXES S Southeast Dist Center, Simpsonville, SC Lanxess AG SC Greenville County Simpsonville Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.01 <10

Table Rock and North Saluda Filtration Plant Greenville Water System SC Greenville County Travelers Rest Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 534

Dairy Street Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Ware Shoals SC Greenwood County Ware Shoals Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.18 1,073

Hampton Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Hampton SC Hampton County Hampton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 967

City of Camden WTP City of Camden SC Kershaw County Camden Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 325 City of Camden WWTP City of Camden SC Kershaw County Camden Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 3,219

Weylchem US Inc International Chemicals Investor Group SC Kershaw County Elgin Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Chlorine 2.20 3,101

L ake Wateree Water Treatment Plant Lugo ! –Elgin Water Authority SC Kershaw County Ridgeway Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,664

City of Clinton Water Treatment Plant City of Clinton SC Laurens County Clinton Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 1,977

Clinton/Joanna Wastewater Treatment Plant Laurens County Water and Sewer Commission SC Laurens County Kinards Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 257

L ittle River Wastewater Treatment Plant Commission of Public Works SC Laurens County Laurens Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,862

Saxon Street Water Treatment Plant Commission of Public Works SC Laurens County Laurens Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,826

B a tesburg– L eesville Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Batesburg– Leesville SC Lexington County Batesburg– Leesville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.34 669

B a tesburg– L eesville Water Treatment Plant Town of Batesburg– Leesville SC Lexington County Batesburg– Leesville Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 2,837

E.H. Huestess Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Cayce – Public Utilities SC Lexington County Cayce Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,558

Stanley L . Goodwin Water Treatment Plant City of Cayce – Public Utilities SC Lexington County Cayce Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,590

L ake Murray Water Treatment Plant City of Columbia SC Lexington County Columbia Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 9,537

City of B ennettsville Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Bennettsville SC Marlboro County Bennettsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.20 493

### 152

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of B ennettsville Water Treatment Plant City of Bennettsville SC Marlboro County Bennettsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.10 787

Marlboro Paper Mill Domtar Paper Company, LLC SC Marlboro County Bennettsville Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 6.10 10,009

B ush River Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Newberry SC Newberry County Newberry Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 117

George Hugh Connelly Water Treatment Plant City of Newberry SC Newberry County Silverstreet Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 637

Coneross Creek Wastewater Treatment Facility Oconee Joint Regional Sewer Authority SC Oconee County Seneca Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 547

Seneca Water Treatment Plant Seneca Light and Water SC Oconee County Seneca Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,402

South Carolina Electric and Gas Company Scana SC Orangeburg County Cope Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.60 3,833

Orangeburg DPU Wastewater Treatment Plant Orangeburg Department of Utilities SC Orangeburg County Orangeburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 471

Orangeburg DPU Water Treatment Plant Orangeburg Department of Public Utilities SC Orangeburg County Orangeburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,346

Albemarle Corporation Albemarle Corporation SC Orangeburg County Orangeburg Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 20.00 93,546

Gulbrandsen Chemicals Gulbrandsens SC Orangeburg County Orangeburg Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 125,466

Don LMoore Water Treatment Plant Easley Combined Utilities SC Pickens County Easley Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 806

Ortec, Inc. SC Pickens County Easley Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Acrylonitrile 1.70 7,640

Witty Adkins Water Treatment Plant Greenville Water System SC Pickens County Six Mile Water treatment Chlorine 1.15 341

Columbia Canal Water Treatment Plant City of Columbia SC Richland County Columbia Water treatment Chlorine 1.15 8,792

International Paper Eastover Mill International Paper SC Richland County Eastover Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 4.00 3,187

South Carolina Electric and Gas, Wateree Station SCANA Corporation SC Richland County Eastover Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.60 4,233

B renntag Mid–South inc. Brenntag Inc. SC Spartanburg County Duncan Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 9,682

Celanese Emulsions Celanese Ltd. SC Spartanburg County Enoree Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 4.90 7,478

City of Inman Waterwater Treatment Plant SC Spartanburg County Inman Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,095

Milliken Chemical – Dewey Plant Milliken & Company SC Spartanburg County Inman Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 14.39 292,348

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. SC Spartanburg County Roebuck Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 0.34 237

Santo L ubes Mfg, LLC dba B lackman Uhler Specialties SC Spartanburg County Spartanburg Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Methyl chloride 0.33 174

Univar USA Inc. Univar USA Inc. SC Spartanburg County Spartanburg Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.60 686

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 153 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

L ake B lalock Water Treatment Plant Spartanburg Water System SC Spartanburg County Spartanburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.35 1,921

B ASF Corporation Whitestone Site BASF Corporation SC Spartanburg County Spartanburg Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ethylene oxide 2.11 2,397

Fairforest Wastewater Treatment Plant Spartanburg Water Spartanburg Sanitary Sewer District* SC Spartanburg County Spartanburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.52 4,658

Solvay USA Inc., Spartanburg Facility Solvay USA Inc. SC Spartanburg County Spartanburg Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 4.03 53,321

Pocotaligo Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Sumter SC Sumter County Sumter Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,022

Tosches Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant SC Union County Union Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,489

K ingstree Wastewater Treatment Plant Town of Kingstree SC Williamsburg County Kingstree Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.50 508

Resolute Catawba Resolute Forest Products SC York County Catawba Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 8.87 55,699

Manchester Creek Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Rock Hill SC York County Rock Hill Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,976

L ake Wylie Raw Water Pump Station City of Rock Hill SC York County Rock Hill Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,936

InChem Corporation ReSubmit–2004 InChem Holdings SC York County Rock Hill Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Epichlorohydrin 1.70 9,416

Cherry Road Filter Plant City of Rock Hill SC York County Rock Hill Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,851

City of York – Fishing Creek WWTP City of York SC York County York Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 901

York Water Filter Plant City of York SC York County York Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,944

S OUTH D A K O T A
Aber deen Water Works City of Aberdeen, South Dakota SD Brown County Aberdeen Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 215

CS–10 OREG1 Ormat Nevada Inc.* SD Clark County Clark Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

City of Mitchell Water Treatment Facility City of Mitchell, South Dakota SD Davison County Mitchell Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 847

CS–11 OREG1 Ormat Nevada Inc.* SD Deuel County Estelline Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

CS–9 OREG1 Ormat Nevada Inc.* SD Edmunds County Wetonka Electric power generation Pentane 0.30 <10

Mid–Dakota Water Treatment Plant Mid–Dakota Rural Water System, Inc. SD Hughes County Pierre Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 61

Mid–Dakota Chemical Feed B uilding Mid–Dakota Rural Water System, Inc. SD Hughes County Pierre Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 270

Sioux Falls Water Purification Plant City of Sioux Falls Public Works SD Minnehaha County Sioux Falls Water treatment Chlorine 1.20 5,195

Web Water Plant Web Water Development Association, Inc. SD Walworth County Selby Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 69

B –Y Rural Water District B–Y Rural Water District SD Yankton County Tabor Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 161

### 154

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

T ENNESSEE

T VA B ull Run Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority TN Anderson County Clinton Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 30,844

Oak Ridge Water Treatment Plant TN Anderson County Oak Ridge Water treatment Chlorine 4.30 28,755

Hallsdale Powell Utility District Melton Hill WTP TN Anderson County Powell Water treatment Chlorine 3.70 28,329

B edford County Utility District Water Treatment TN Bedford County Shelbyville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 978

Shelbyville Water Plant Shelbyville Power, Water and Sewerage System TN Bedford County Shelbyville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,097

City of Maryville Wastewater Treatment Plant TN Blount County Louisville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 5,897

City of Maryville, TN Water Filtration Plant TN Blount County Maryville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 7,086

Hiwassee Utilities Commission Water Treatment Plt. TN Bradley County Charleston Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 5,180

Cleveland Utilities Wastewater Treatment Plant TN Bradley County Charleston Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 2.80 5,346

Olin Chlor–Alkali, Charleston Plant Olin Corporation TN Bradley County Charleston Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 297,451

MSD Consumer Care, Inc. Merck & Co., Inc. TN Bradley County Cleveland Basic chemicals – ACC Isobutane 0.40 121

Cleveland Utilities Water Treatment Plant TN Bradley County Cleveland Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 5,575

SI Group Inc. SI Group Inc. TN Cocke County Newport Basic chemicals – ACC 2– Methylpropene 0.50 141

Duck River Utility Commission TN Co ! ee County Tullahoma Water treatment Chlorine 0.77 291

Wastewater Treatment Plant Tullahoma Utilities Board TN Co ! ee County Tullahoma Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,742

Madison Suburban Utility District TN Davidson County Madison Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,477

Dry Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Metro Water and Sewer Department TN Davidson County Madison Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 24,721

B lanchard Terminal Company LLC –Nash ville Terminal Marathon Petroleum Company LP TN Davidson County Nashville Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 0.50 1,236

Harpeth Valley Utilities District TN Davidson County Nashville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,273

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. TN Davidson County Nashville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 2,482

K . R. Harrington Water Treatment Plant Metro Water and Sewer Department TN Davidson County Nashville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 17,083

Omohundro Water Treatment Plant Metro Water and Sewer Department TN Davidson County Nashville Water treatment Chlorine 20.00 1,001,312

Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Metro Water and Sewer Department TN Davidson County Nashville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 25.00 1,142,054

Winchester Water Treatment Plant TN Franklin County Winchester Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 791

Pulaski Water Treatment Plant TN Giles County Pulaski Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 191

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 155 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Denzil B owman Wastewater Treatment Plant Greeneville Water Commission TN Greene County Greeneville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 850

Greeneville Water Treatment Plant Greeneville Water Commission TN Greene County Greeneville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,953

Jarden Zinc Products, LLC Jar den Corporation TN Greene County Greeneville Metal products manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 291,164

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. TN Greene County Midway Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 2.20 1,063

Roy S. Oakes Water Treatment Plant Morristown Utility Systems – Water System TN Hamblen County Morristown Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 26,663

B ASF Corporation Chattanooga Polymer Drive Site BASF Corporation TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA 1,3–Butadiene 0.41 593

AkzoNobel Surface Chemistry LLC Akz oNobel NV TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Basic chemicals – ACC Carbon disulfide 0.53 714

B ASF Corporation Chattanooga Amnicola Highway Site BASF Corporation TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 0.94 2,817

Eastside Utility Water Treatment Plant (WTP) TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,285

Chattem Chemicals, Inc. Sun Pharmaceutical Industry, Inc. TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.30 5,403

Citico Water Treatment Plant Tennessee American Water American Water Works Company* TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,055

Moccasin B end Wastewater Treatment Plant Moccasin Bend Wastewater Treatment Plant TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.60 20,728

L amberti Synthesis USA, Inc. Lamberti S.p.a TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Chemical manufacturing Ethylene oxide 7.50 212,020

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 310,592

DPC Enterprises, L .P. TN Hamilton County Chattanooga Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 418,812

Holston Army Ammunition Plant Ordnance Systems Inc. BAE Systems Holdings Inc.* TN Hawkins County Kingsport Manufacturing Nitric acid (conc. * 80%) 13.00 134,054

L .T. “Pie” Hay Filter Plant City of Lexington TN Henderson County Lexington Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 366

DuPont Johnsonville Plant E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. Inc. TN Humphreys County New Johnsonville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 72,235

TIN dba Temple– Inland (Inland Paperboard and Pkg) Temple–Inland TN Humphreys County Waverly Pulp and paper Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 2,629

L oves Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Knoxville Utilties Board TN Knox County Knoxville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 16,071

Rohm and Haas Chemicals LLC R ohm and Haas Company TN Knox County Knoxville Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 1.70 29,085

Fourth Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant Knoxville Utilties Board TN Knox County Knoxville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 32,388

Mark B . W hitaker Water Treatment Plant Knoxville Utilties Board TN Knox County Knoxville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 53,400

### 156

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

K uwahee Wastewater Treatment Plant Knoxville Utilties Board TN Knox County Knoxville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 56,834

FPU Water Treatment Plant TN Lincoln County Fayetteville Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,742

L ewisburg Water Treatment Plant TN Marshall County Lewisburg Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,302

Columbia Water System Filter Plant Board of Public Utilities of the City of Columbia TN Maury County Columbia Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 18,411

Abi B ow US Inc. – Calhoun Operations AbitibiBowater Inc. TN McMinn County Calhoun Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 7.70 27,910

Tellico Area Service System WTP Tellico Area Service System TN Monroe County Vonore Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 258

Cunningham–East Montgomery Water Plant TN Montgomery County Clarksville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 352

Hemlock Semiconductor, L

. L .C. TN Montgomery County Clarksville Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 3.40 11,646

Cookeville Water Treatment Plant TN Putnam County Baxter Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 1,675

TVA K ingston Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority TN Roane County Harriman Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 16,487

Springfield Water Treatment Plant City of Springfield TN Robertson County Cedar Hill Water treatment Chlorine 3.30 1,254

K .Thomas Hutchinson Water Treatment Plant Consolidated Utilities District of Rutherford County* TN Rutherford County Murfreesboro Water treatment Chlorine 1.20 1,733

B renntag Mid–South, Inc Brenntag U.S.A. TN Shelby County Memphis Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 34

TVA – Allen Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority TN Shelby County Memphis Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.30 17,398

L ucyWoodstock Marine Terminal Terminal Pipeline Management DuPont* TN Shelby County Memphis Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 1.70 32,858

PMC B iogenix Inc PMC Group TN Shelby County Memphis Chemical manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.50 360,636

Vertex Chemical Corporation Memphis, TN Vertex Chemical Corporation TN Shelby County Memphis Bleach manufacturing, ACC CBI Halogens and Halogen Oxides 14.00 521,110

Valero Memphis Refinery Valero Refining Company–Tennessee, L.L.C. TN Shelby County Memphis Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 16.00 800,973

B uckeye Technologies Inc. – Memphis Plant Buckeye Technologies Inc. TN Shelby County Memphis Pulp and paper Chlorine 14.00 895,153

L ucite International TN Shelby County Memphis Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 20.00 949,636

DuPont Memphis Plant E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company TN Shelby County Memphis Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 24.00 1,120,829

Helm Fertilizer Terminal, Inc. Helm Dungemittle TN Shelby County Memphis Chemical storage terminal Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 1,134,738

Velsicol Chemical LLC (Memphis ) Velsicol Chemical LLC TN Shelby County Memphis Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 1,173,206

Pennakem, LLC Minafin S ARL TN Shelby County Memphis Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Furan 25.00 1,176,101

Millington, TN Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Millington, TN TN Shelby County Millington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,055

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 157 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
TVA – Cumberland Fossil Plant Tennessee Valley Authority TN Stewart County Cumberland City Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 2,536

City of K ingsport – Water Treatment Plant City of Kingsport TN Sullivan County Kingsport Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 26,691

Tennessee Operations Eastman Chemical Company TN Sullivan County Kingsport Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.60 70,362

Domtar Paper Company, LLC

– K ingsport Mill Domtar Paper Company, LLC TN Sullivan County Kingsport Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 9.10 109,370

Air Products, Gallatin Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. TN Sumner County Gallatin Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.25 27

Gallatin Water Treatment Plant City of Gallatin – Department of Public Utilities TN Sumner County Gallatin Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 6,938

Hendersonville Utility Dist. Water Treatment Plant TN Sumner County Hendersonville Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 27,410

White House Utility District Water Treatment Plant TN Sumner County Hendersonville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 35,277

Covington Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Covington, TN TN Tipton County Covington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.50 1,984

B rush Creek Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Johnson City TN Washington County Johnson City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.10 964

Watauga Water Treatment Plant City of Johnson City TN Washington County Johnson City Water treatment Chlorine 1.10 1,179

L ebanon W

aterTreatment Plant TN Wilson County Lebanon Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,297

West Wilson Utility District TN Wilson County Mount Juliet Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 26,611

T EXAS

T own Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Anderson County Palestine Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,349

City of Palestine Water Treatment Plant TX Anderson County Palestine Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,296

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. – Diboll TX Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC TX Angelina County Diboll Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.61 154

City of L ufkin Water Plant TX Angelina County Lufkin Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 16,395

City of L ufkin Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Angelina County Lufkin Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 17,772

City of Rockport Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Aransas County Rockport Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,528

Sudan Pump Station City of Lubbock, TX TX Bailey County Muleshoe Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 186 S Pump Station Aqua Water Supply TX Bastrop County Bastrop Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 1,927 Camp Swift Pump Station Aqua Water Supply Corporation TX Bastrop County Bastrop Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 2,661

L os t Pines 1 Power Plant Gentex Power Corp. Lower Colorado River Authority* TX Bastrop County Bastrop Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 3,234

LPump Station Aqua Water Supply Corporation TX Bastrop County Smithville Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 450

### 158

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
North Central Texas Municipal Water Authority WTP North Central Texas Municipal Water Authority TX Baylor County Seymour Water treatment Chlorine 3.10 103

B ell County WCID #1 Water Treatment Facility Bell Co. Water Control & Improvement District #1 TX Bell County Belton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,290

Temple– B elton Regional Sewerage System Brazos River Authority TX Bell County Belton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.10 15,371

Central Texas Water Supply Corporation TX Bell County Harker Heights Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 17,105

B ell County WCID #1 Wastewater Treatment Facility Bell Co. Water Control & Improvement District #1 TX Bell County Killeen Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 69,706

B luebonnet Water Supply Corporation TX Bell County Temple Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,194

Temple Water Treatment Plant City of Temple TX Bell County Temple Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 16,764

Doshier Farm Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Temple, Texas TX Bell County Temple Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.10 21,717

VP Racing Fuels, Inc. San Antonio Facility Texas Allied Holdings, Inc TX Bexar County Elmendorf Petroleum refinery Isoprene 0.09 <10

Clearwater International, L

. L .C. Weatherford International TX Bexar County Elmendorf Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 0.60 196

SAWS Twin Oaks Water Treatment Plant San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County Elmendorf Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,478

B renntag Southwest– Elmendorf 12–2012 Brenntag TX Bexar County Elmendorf Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 3,673

Wurzbach Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County Leon Valley Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 24,156

Univar USA, Inc.–– San Antonio–Director TX Bexar County San Antonio Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 42

Calumet San Antonio Refining, LLC C alumet Specialty Products TX Bexar County San Antonio Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.50 553

L eon C reek Water Recycling Center San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 5,027

Dos Rios Water Recycling Center San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,831

Oliver Ranch Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,689

Salado Creek Chemical Storage Facility San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,347

Seale Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,455

Maltsberger Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,183

Artesia Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,880

Randolph Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,422

B asin Pumping S tation San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 18,487

Micron Primary Pump Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 20,584

Marbach Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 21,375

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 159 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Nacogdoches Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 25,975

34th Street Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 32,973

Anderson Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 72,854

Mission Pumping Station San Antonio Water System TX Bexar County San Antonio Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 111,172

Cibolo Creek Municipal Authority WWTP TX Bexar County Schertz Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 34,377

Wright Patman Water Plant TX Bowie County Texarkana Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 686

Equistar Chemicals, L P Chocolate B a you Polymers Equistar Chemicals, LP TX Brazoria County Alvin Basic chemicals – ACC Isobutane 0.60 17

Equistar Chemicals, L P Chocolate B a you Chemicals Equistar Chemicals, LP TX Brazoria County Alvin Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 3.30 506

Ascend Performance Materials LLC Asc end Performance Materials LLC TX Brazoria County Alvin Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 25.00 768,548

Oyster Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Angleton, Texas TX Brazoria County Angleton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 458

Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. L P Clemens Terminal Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. LP TX Brazoria County Brazoria Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 1.20 764

Clute/Richwood Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Clute/Richwood TX Brazoria County Clute Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,584

Air L iquide L arge Industries U.S. L P – Freeport HPU Air Liquide Large Industries U.S. LP TX Brazoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

B raskem Oyster Creek Plant Braskem America, INC. TX Brazoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.30 11

DSM Nutritional Products, Inc. TX Brazoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.40 325

SI Group Texas Operations SI Group, Inc. TX Brazoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC 2– Methylpropene 0.90 468

Freeport Wastewater Treatment Plant The City of Freeport, Texas TX Brazoria County Freeport Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,271

Hydrochlor LLC TX Br azoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 3.40 20,085

B ASF Corporation – Freeport Terminal BASF Corporation TX Brazoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 8.90 36,025

Nalco TX Brazoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 10.41 60,233

B ASF Corporation – Freeport Site BASF Corporation TX Brazoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 8.60 63,963

The Dow Chemical Company, Texas Operations The Dow Chemical Company TX Brazoria County Freeport Basic chemicals – ACC Phosgene 25.00 129,515

B razosport Water Authority TX Brazoria County Lake Jackson Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,537

Dyson Campbell Water Reclamation Center City of Lake Jackson TX Brazoria County Lake Jackson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,614

Sweeny Cogeneration Facility Sweeny Cogeneration Limited Partnership TX Brazoria County Old Ocean Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 2,259

### 160

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Phillips 66 Company – Sweeny Refinery Phillips 66 Company Phillips 66* TX Brazoria County Old Ocean Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 16.00 57,065

B razoria Co. Municipal Utility District No. 3 WTP Brazoria County Municipal Utility District No. 3 TX Brazoria County Pearland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,268

Chevron–Phillips Chemical Company L P, Sweeny Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP TX Brazoria County Sweeny Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 1,342

Sandy Point Road Pump Station City of College Station, Texas TX Brazos County Bryan Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,098

Well Field Pump Station TX Brazos County Bryan Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,288

Still Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Brazos County Bryan Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,548

B urton Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Bryan, Texas TX Brazos County Bryan Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,594

Honeywell Electronic Chemicals, L

. L .C. Honeywell International, Inc. TX Brazos County Bryan Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 223,459

Dowling Road Pump Station City of College Station, Texas TX Brazos County College Station Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 38,604

MMWA Treatment Plant Mackenzie Municipal Water Authority TX Briscoe County Silverton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 63

B CWID # 1 Water Treatment Plant Brown County Water Improvement District #1 TX Brown County Brownwood Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 15,469

City of B rownwood Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Brown County Brownwood Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 16,341

Delhi Treatment Plant Aqua Water Supply Corporation TX Caldwell County Delhi Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 550

L ockhart W ater Works Guadalupe–Blanco River Authority City of Lockhart* TX Caldwell County Lockhart Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 129

L ockhart W astewater Reclamation Division Guadalupe–Blanco River Authority City of Lockhart* TX Caldwell County Lockhart Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 5,101

L uling Water Treatment Plant Guadalupe–Blanco River Authority TX Caldwell County Luling Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 2,800

Hays Caldwell Water Treatment Plant Canyon Regional Water Authority TX Caldwell County San Marcos Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 6,036

San Marcos Water Treatment Plant Guadalupe Blanco River Authority TX Caldwell County San Marcos Water treatment Chlorine 2.10 8,927

Seadrift Operations Union Carbide The Dow Chemical Company* TX Calhoun County North Seadrift Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 12.00 14,400

G B RA Port L avaca Water Treatment Plant Guadalupe Blanco River Authority TX Calhoun County Port Lavaca Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,093

Ineos USA LLC. Ineos US A LLC. TX Calhoun County Port Lavaca Chemical manufacturing Hydrocyanic acid 25.00 102,098

B raskem America Seadrift Operations Braskem America, Inc. TX Calhoun County Seadrift Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.30 <10

Robindale Wastewater Treatment Plant Brownsville Public Utilities Board TX Cameron County Brownsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,478

South Wastewater Treatment Plant Brownsville Public Utilities Board TX Cameron County Brownsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 12,671

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 161 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Facility Southmost Regional Water Authority Brownsville Public Utilities Board* TX Cameron County Brownsville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,190

Water Plant #1 Brownsville Public Utilities Board TX Cameron County Brownsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,780

Water Plant #2 Brownsville Public Utilities Board TX Cameron County Brownsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 21,383

Waste Water Treatment Plant #2 City of Harlingen Water Works System TX Cameron County Harlingen Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 30,220

Dixieland Water Treatment Plant City of Harlingen Water Works System TX Cameron County Harlingen Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 38,401

Downtown Water Treatment Plant City of Harlingen Water Works System TX Cameron County Harlingen Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 53,433

L a Feria Wastewater Treatment Plant #2 TX Cameron County La Feria Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,101

The City of L a Feria Water Treatment Plant TX Cameron County La Feria Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,479

L aguna Vista Water Treatment Plant Laguna Madre Water District TX Cameron County Laguna Vista Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 177

L aguna Vista Wastewater Treatment Plant Laguna Madre Water District TX Cameron County Laguna Vista Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 228

Port Isabel Wastewater Treatment Plant Laguna Madre Water District TX Cameron County Port Isabel Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,467

Port Isabel Water Treatment Plant Laguna Madre Water District TX Cameron County Port Isabel Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,708

City of San B enito WTP #2 TX Cameron County San Benito Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 161

Martha Ann Simpson Water Treatment Plant East Rio Hondo Water Supply Corporation TX Cameron County San Benito Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,065

City of San B enito TX Cameron County San Benito Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,508

Isla B lanca Wastewater Treatment Plant Laguna Madre Water District TX Cameron County South Padre Island Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 209

Andy B owie Wastewater Treatment Plant Laguna Madre Water District TX Cameron County South Padre Island Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 290

Carson County Pump Station City of Amarillo Utilities Division* TX Carson County Amarillo Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 198

Plains Water Station WRB Refining, LP TX Carson County Panhandle Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 198
Northeast Texas Municipal Water District Mims TX Cass County Avinger Water treatment Chlorine 3.07 768

Texarkana Mill International Paper Company TX Cass County Queen City Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 7.20 7,536

Texarkana Water Utilities I. P. Chlorine B uilding City of Texarkana, Texas TX Cass County Texarkana Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 821

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. – B a ytown TX Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC TX Chambers County Baytown Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.32 60

L ANXES S B a ytown Plant Lanxess AG TX Chambers County Baytown Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Butane 0.40 94

El Dorado Nitrogen, L . P. LSB Industries TX Chambers County Baytown Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 3,943

### 162

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Chemicals Incorporated TX Chambers County Baytown Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Hydrochloric acid (conc. * 37%) 2.70 4,879

FloMin Inc. SNF Holding Company TX Chambers County Baytown Basic chemicals – ACC Carbon disulfide 2.40 5,965

B a ytown Energy Center Calpine Corporation TX Chambers County Baytown Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.00 15,525

Delta B a ytown Delta Petroleum Company, Inc. TX Chambers County Baytown Warehousing and distribution Propionitrile 25.00 1,172,193

B a yer MaterialScience

– B a ytown Bayer MaterialScience TX Chambers County Baytown Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 1,309,721

Cedar B a you Electric Generating Station NRG Texas Power LLC TX Chambers County Eldon Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.50 538

ExxonMobil Chem. Co. (Mont B elvieu Plastics Plant) Exxon Mobil Corp. TX Chambers County Mont Belvieu Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene 0.47 90

Enterprise Products – Mont B elvieu Facility Enterprise Products Texas Operating L.P. TX Chambers County Mont Belvieu Petroleum refinery Chlorine 3.00 5,660

West Regional Water Treatment Plant Lower Neches Valley Authority TX Chambers County Winnie Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 645

K ickapoo Street Water Treatment Plant City of Jacksonville TX Cherokee County Jacksonville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,774

Canada Street Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Jacksonville TX Cherokee County Jacksonville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,566

Double Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Jacksonville TX Cherokee County Jacksonville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,413

Rusk Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Rusk TX Cherokee County Rusk Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 409

City of Coleman Water Treatment Plant City of Coleman, Texas TX Coleman County Coleman Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 935

Wilson Creek Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant North Texas Municipal Water District TX Collin County Lucas Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 8,959

Rowlett Creek Regional WWTP TX Collin County Plano Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 76,475

Texas Instruments – RFA B T exas Instruments Incorporated TX Collin County Richardson Semiconductor manufacturing Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 6.20 474,245

NTMWD Wylie Water Treatment Plant North Texas Municipal Water District TX Collin County Wylie Water treatment Chlorine 25.00 2,646,818

Western Canyon Water Treatment Plant Guadalupe–Blanco River Authority TX Comal County Canyon Lake Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,937

N B U Surface Water Treatment Plant New Braunfels Utility TX Comal County New Braunfels Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,701

K uehler W astewater Treatment Plants (N & S) New Braunfels Utility TX Comal County New Braunfels Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,724

City of Gainesville Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Cooke County Gainesville Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 9,245

Gatesville Regional Water Plant City of Gatesville TX Coryell County Gatesville Water treatment Chlorine 2.60 673

Stillhouse Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Gatesville, Texas TX Coryell County Gatesville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.60 1,628

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 163 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
White River M.W.D. Water Treatment Plant TX Crosby County Spur Water treatment Chlorine 3.10 166

Elm Fork Water Treatment Plant Dallas Water Utilities TX Dallas County Carrollton Water treatment Chlorine 14.00 1,776,705

TI B oulevard Gas Plant Air Liquide Electronics U.S. LP TX Dallas County Dallas Basic chemicals – ACC Propane 0.30 861

Dallas Chemical Center Air Liquide Electronics U. S. LP TX Dallas County Dallas Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrochloric acid (conc. * 37%) 0.30 948

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.–Dallas, TX Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. TX Dallas County Dallas Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrochloric acid (conc. * 37%) 0.70 1,237

Univar USA Inc. – Dallas, TX Univar USA Inc. TX Dallas County Dallas Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 1.00 9,031

Tyson Prepared Foods, Dallas Tyson Foods Inc. TX Dallas County Dallas Ammonia refrigeration Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 139,116

Pierce Chemicals / Royal B ond TX Dallas County Dallas Specialty chemical manufacturing Formaldehyde (solution) 5.72 315,220

B achman W ater Treatment Plant Dallas Water Utilities TX Dallas County Dallas Water treatment Chlorine 9.90 1,101,515

Southside WWTP Dallas Water Utilities City of Dallas* TX Dallas County Dallas Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 19.00 1,558,532

Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Dallas Water Utilities TX Dallas County Dallas Wastewater treatment Chlorine 14.00 1,742,816

Petra Chemical Company Petra Chemical Company TX Dallas County Dallas Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 2,039,384

Ten Mile Creek Regional Wastewater System Trinity River Authority of Texas TX Dallas County Ferris Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 19.00 1,081,241

Rowlett Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Dallas County Garland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.30 1,038

Central Regional Wastewater System Trinity River Authority of Texas TX Dallas County Grand Prairie Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 25.00 4,470,864

B renntag Southwest, Inc. L ancaster Brenntag, Inc TX Dallas County Lancaster Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 27,662

South Mesquite Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant North Texas Municipal Water District TX Dallas County Mesquite Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 37,275

Eastside Water Treatment Plant Dallas Water Utilities City of Dallas* TX Dallas County Sunnyvale Water treatment Chlorine 25.00 2,733,416

L ake Ray Roberts Water Treatment Plant City of Denton TX Denton County Aubrey Water treatment Chlorine 7.50 28,485

Stewart Creek West Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Denton County Frisco Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 61,008

L ewisville Prairie Creek Wastewater Trmt Plant City of Lewisville, Texas TX Denton County Lewisville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.67 8,249

L ewisville C.R. (Tommy) Feaster Water Trmt Plant City of Lewisville, Texas TX Denton County Lewisville Water treatment Chlorine 1.40 9,573

Champion Technologies’ Odessa Plant Permian Mud Services, Inc. TX Ector County Odessa Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 7.30 106,202

Fred Hervey Water Reclamation Plant El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,989

Western Refining Western Refining Company, L. P. TX El Paso County El Paso Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.10 9,446

### 164

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Canutillo Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 12,921

Jonathan Rogers Water Treatment Plant El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 23,302

Roberto B ustamante Wastewater Treatment Plant El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.50 26,673

Robertson– Umbenhauer Water Treatment Plant El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 32,903

Artcraft Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 39,599

Americas Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 41,880

L oop 3 75 Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 45,512

Northeast Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 46,804

Northwest Water Treatment Plant El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 50,910

McRae Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 52,289

L indbergh Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 52,903

Haskell R. Street Wastewater Treatment Plant El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.50 60,491

Montana Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 61,286

Nevins Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 64,313

Pebble Hills B ooster Station El Paso Water Utilities– Public Service Board TX El Paso County El Paso Water treatment Chlorine 2.50 88,787

Ennis Power Company, LLC Sue z Energy Generation North America IPR–GDF Suez* TX Ellis County Ennis Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 131

City of Ennis Water Treatment Plant TX Ellis County Ennis Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 189

City of Ennis Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Ennis, Texas TX Ellis County Ennis Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,417

Midlothian Water Treatment Plant Midlothian Texas TX Ellis County Midlothian Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,265

City of Waxahachie Surface Water Treatment Plant City of Waxahachie TX Ellis County Waxahachie Water treatment Chlorine 2.10 8,480

Magnablend, Inc. Magnablend, Inc. TX Ellis County Waxahachie Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 9,719

Stephenville Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Erath County Stephenville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,418

Winchester Power Park Lower Colorado River Authority TX Fayette County Winchester Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 747

Champion Technologies’ Fresno Facility Champion Technologies, Inc. Permian Mud Services, Inc.* TX Fort Bend County Fresno Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 19.00 2,391,602

Ridgemont Plant TX Fort Bend County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 20,421

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S 

# | 165 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Ka ty Waste Water Treatment Plant TX Fort Bend County Katy Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,009

City of Rosenberg – WWTP 1A City of Rosenberg, Texas TX Fort Bend County Rosenberg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 37,392

Nalco Sugar L and Plant Nalco Company TX Fort Bend County Sugar Land Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 3.40 103,316

W.A. Parish Electric Generating Station NRG Texas Power LLC TX Fort Bend County Thompsons Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 48

Galveston County W.C.I.D. #1 TX Galveston County Dickinson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,493

Airport Water Pump Station TX Galveston County Galveston Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 23,970

Galveston Airport Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Galveston County Galveston Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 26,315

59th Street Water Pump Station City of Galveston, Texas TX Galveston County Galveston Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 33,729

Galveston Main Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Galveston County Galveston Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 34,961

Main Water Pump Station TX Galveston County Galveston Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 35,773

City of L a–Marque Wastewater Treatment Facility TX Galveston County La–Marque Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.10 101

Praxair – B P Texas City TX Praxair, Inc. TX Galveston County Texas City Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.05 <10

ISP Technologies – Texas City International Specialty Products Inc. TX Galveston County Texas City Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 2.00 3,631

Eastman Chemical Texas City, Inc. TX Galveston County Texas City Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.90 10,398

Thomas S. Mackey Water Treatment Plant Gulf Coast Water Authority TX Galveston County Texas City Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 36,245

Union Carbide Corporation TCO UCC a Subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company TX Galveston County Texas City Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 6.20 63,860

Valero Refining – Texas, L .P. Valero Energy Corporation TX Galveston County Texas City Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 12.00 163,026

Oiltanking Texas City TX Galveston County Texas City Chemical storage terminal Vinyl acetate
monomer 25.00 600,751

Marathon Petroleum Company Texas Refining Marathon Petroleum Company LP TX Galveston County Texas City Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 646,496

B lanchard Refining Company LLC – G alveston B a y Ref Blanchard Holdings Company LLC TX Galveston County Texas City Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 701,992

Gonzales Surface Water Treatment Plant City of Gonzales, Texas TX Gonzales County Gonzales Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,245

Schertz/Seguin Water Treatment Plant Shertz/Seguin Local Government Corporation TX Gonzales County Rural Gonzales Co. Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 568

Pampa Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Gray County Pampa Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.30 12,240

Pampa Water Treatment Plant TX Gray County Pampa Water treatment Chlorine 3.30 16,818

Water Treatment Plant, City of Denison City of Denison TX Grayson County Denison Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,698

### 166

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Sherman Water Treatment Plant City Of Sherman TX Grayson County Sherman Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,512

B SW L ongview 6–2009 Brenntag, Inc. TX Gregg County Longview Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 2,775

Sabine River Water Treatment Plant TX Gregg County Longview Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 10,775

Cherokee Water Treatment Plant TX Gregg County Longview Water treatment Chlorine 3.70 21,606

L ake O the Pines Water Treatment Plant City of Longview TX Gregg County Longview Water treatment Chlorine 4.30 29,549

City of Navasota Water Plant City of Navasota, TX. TX Grimes County Navasota Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 306

City of Navasota Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Grimes County Navasota Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 1,618

Canyon Regional Water Authority – L ake Dunlap WTP TX Guadalupe County New Braunfels Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 5,199

Wells Ranch Water Treatment Plant Canyon Regional Water Authority TX Guadalupe County Seguin Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 417

Seguin Water Plant City of Seguin TX Guadalupe County Seguin Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,613

Geronimo Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Seguin TX Guadalupe County Seguin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 3,549

Walnut B ranch Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Seguin TX Guadalupe County Seguin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,314

Springs Hill Water Treatment Plant Springs Hill Water Supply Corporation TX Guadalupe County Seguin Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,147

Jack Skaggs Municipal Water Treatment Plant TX Hale County Plainview Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,247

City of Plainview Water Reclamation Plant TX Hale County Plainview Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,795

L umberton Municipal Utility District TX Hardin County Lumberton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,456

City of B eaumont L oeb Chlorina tion Facility City of Beaumont TX Hardin County Lumberton Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,750

Sour L ake Storage Facility Port Arthur Refinery Motiva Enterprises LLC* TX Hardin County Sour Lake Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.20 <10

Air Products LLC ( B a ytown) Air Products and Chemicals Inc. TX Harris County Baytown Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.40 72

ExxonMobil Chemical Company B a ytown Olefins Plant Exxon Mobil Corporation TX Harris County Baytown Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 3,587

L ynchbur g Pump Station Coastal Water Authority TX Harris County Baytown Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,006

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company L P – Cedar B a you Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP TX Harris County Baytown Basic chemicals – ACC Boron trifluoride 3.20 12,048

Northeast District Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Baytown TX Harris County Baytown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 15,826

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 167 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
West District Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Baytown TX Harris County Baytown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 23,240

East District Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Baytown TX Harris County Baytown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 30,486

Central District Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Baytown TX Harris County Baytown Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 34,519

B a ytown Area Water Authority TX Harris County Baytown Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 38,026

ExxonMobil B a ytown Refinery Exxon Mobil Corporation TX Harris County Baytown Petroleum refinery Hydrogen sulfide 4.10 58,418

ExxonMobil B a ytown Chemical Plant ExxonMobil Corporation TX Harris County Baytown Basic chemicals – ACC Bromine 4.70 63,902

Solvay USA Inc., B a ytown Plant Solvay USA Inc. TX Harris County Baytown Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Carbon disulfide 9.90 226,729

TPC Group LLC – B a ytown TPC Group LLC TX Harris County Baytown Texas Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.80 2,649

Harris County WCID # 84 Harris County Water Control & Improvement District TX Harris County Channelview Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 16,672

Equistar Chemicals – Channelview Operations Lyondell Chemical Company TX Harris County Channelview Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 28,326

Harris County Fresh Water Supply District No. 51 TX Harris County Channelview Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 85,218

L yondell Chemical Company – Channelview Operations Lyondell Chemical Company TX Harris County Channelview Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene oxide 7.40 173,937

Stolthaven Houston Inc. Stolt–Nielsen USA Inc. Stolt–Nielsen Limited* TX Harris County Channelview Chemical storage terminal Vinyl acetate
monomer 8.70 442,977

K MCO, LLC TX Harris C ounty Crosby Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ethylene oxide 3.50 12,246

Arkema Inc. – Crosby Plant Arkema, Inc. TX Harris County Crosby Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 23.00 1,272,453

Rohm and Haas Chemicals LLC, L one S tar Plant Rohm and Haas Chemicals LLC TX Harris County Deer Park Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 1.40 1,314

Oxy Vinyls, L P – Deer Park PVC Plant Occidental Petroleum Corporation TX Harris County Deer Park Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.90 3,269

Shell Deer Park Refinery Deer Park Refining, LP TX Harris County Deer Park Petroleum refinery Pentane 1.80 6,692

Shell Chemical L .P. – Deer Park Plant Shell Oil Company TX Harris County Deer Park Basic chemicals – ACC Isoprene 1.30 6,875

Occidental Chemical Corp. – Deer Park VCM Site 3 Occidental Petroleum Corporation TX Harris County Deer Park Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl chloride 1.30 6,940

The L ubrizol Corporation – Deer Park Plant TX Harris County Deer Park Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 2.90 27,633

Rohm and Haas Texas Incorporated Rohm and Haas Company TX Harris County Deer Park Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.40 28,799

Deer Park Energy Center, L P Calpine Corporation TX Harris County Deer Park Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.40 63,095

Momentive Specialty Chemicals Inc. Momentive Specialty Chemicals Holdings LLC TX Harris County Deer Park Basic chemicals – ACC Methyl mercaptan 6.80 275,302

### 168

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population GEO Specialty Chemicals (formerly Hampshire) GEO Specialty Chemicals, Inc. TX Harris County Deer Park Chemical manufacturing Hydrocyanic acid 15.00 1,087,979

Delta Deer Park Delta Petroleum Company Grief* TX Harris County Deer Park Chemical wholesale Toluene 2,6–diisocyanate 22.00 2,241,597

Occidental Chemical Corp. – Deer Park VCM Plant Occidental Petroleum Corporation TX Harris County Deer Park Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 25.00 2,957,917

City of Deer Park Surface Water Treatment Plant City of Deer Park, Texas TX Harris County Deer Park, Water treatment Chlorine 1.40 14,684

GIM Channelview Cogeneration, LLC GIM Channelvie w Cogeneration, LLC TX Harris County Houston Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.20 64

Westhollow Technology Center Shell Chemical, L.P. Shell Oil Company* TX Harris County Houston Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene 0.10 80

Univar USA, Inc. – Houston, TX Univar USA, Inc. TX Harris County Houston Basic chemicals – ACC Cyclohexylamine 0.20 115

Ashland Hercules Water Technologies – Houston, TX Ashland, Inc. TX Harris County Houston Basic chemicals – ACC Cyclohexylamine 0.30 251

B renntag Southwest Inc., Houston 1–13 Update Brenntag, Inc TX Harris County Houston Basic chemicals – ACC Cyclohexylamine 0.50 563

Robert T. Savely Water Reclamation Facility Clear Lake City Water Authority TX Harris County Houston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,908

Ka ty Addicks Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,584

Ka ty Addicks Surface Water Pump Station TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,650

HRSC Milk Plant H. E. Butt Grocery Company TX Harris County Houston Ammonia refrigeration Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.00 11,744

Jersey Village Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,254

Valero Refining Texas

– L . P. Valero Energy Corporation TX Harris County Houston Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.60 13,344

Houston Refining L P Lyondellbasell Industries TX Harris County Houston Petroleum refinery, ACC Pentane 1.70 14,984

L ake Forest Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Harris County Houston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,082

K leinwood Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Kleinwood Joint Powers Board TX Harris County Houston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,516

Sims B a you Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,898
Acres Homes Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 17,262
Ponderosa Joint Powers Agency WWTP TX Harris County Houston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 20,914

Spears Road Regional Pumping Station TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 25,832

Heights Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 25,954 Harris County Municipal Utility District #170 TX Harris County Houston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 27,028

Spring B ranch Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 31,644 Chelford City Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant Chelford City Municipal Utility District TX Harris County Houston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 32,010

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 169 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Southwest Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 32,891
District 158 Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 33,680 Memorial Villages Water Authority WWTP TX Harris County Houston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 37,806

Johann Haltermann Ltd. TX Harris County Houston Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Vinyl acetate
monomer 4.11 40,573

B ellaire B raes Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 41,152 Cray Valley Wallisville Road Total Holdings, USA TX Harris County Houston Basic chemicals – ACC Boron trifluoride 3.40 41,156

TPC Group LLC TPC Gr oup LLC TX Harris County Houston Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 1.70 46,198

Channel Energy Center TX Harris County Houston Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 62,493

City of Houston Southeast Water Purification Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 77,380

Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC Hous ton Plant Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc. TX Harris County Houston Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 12.00 1,247,041

G B B iosciences Corporation/Greens B a you Plant Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. TX Harris County Houston Pesticide manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,314,099

B renntag Southwest – Greens B a you Brenntag, Inc. TX Harris County Houston Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 1,371,400

East Water Purification Plant TX Harris County Houston Water treatment Chlorine 14.00 1,508,560

DXI Industries, Inc. DPC Industries, Inc. TX Harris County Houston Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 1,558,769

Arkema Inc. – Houston Plant Arkema Inc. TX Harris County Houston Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen sulfide 16.00 1,693,865

K I K(Houston) Inc. KIK International LLC TX Harris County Houston Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 2,313,284

Solvay USA Inc., Houston Plant Solvay USA Inc. TX Harris County Houston Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 25.00 4,062,378

White Oak B a you Joint Powers B oard WWTP TX Harris County Jersey Village Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,748

West Memorial Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Harris County Katy Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 26,986

North Park Water Treatment Plant A TX Harris County Kingwood Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 492

Rustic Wood Water Treatment Plant B TX Harris C ounty Kingwood Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 508

Mills B ranch Water Treatment Plant C TX Harris County Kingwood Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,136

Air L iquide L arge Industries U.S. L P– L a Porte SMR Air Liquide Large Industries U.S. LP TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

B raskem America, Inc. L a Porte Plant Braskem America, Inc. TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.58 289

L a Porte Polypropylene Plant Total Petrochemicals USA Inc. TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 1.00 379

Noltex L a Porte, Texas Plant Nippon Gohsel USA 79% Mitsubishi Chemicals USA 21%* TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 1.40 1,472

### 170

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemicals LLC – Deer Park Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc. TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Methyl chloride 1.10 2,208

L ittle Cedar B a you Wastewater Plant # 1 City of La Porte TX Harris County La Porte Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,209

Gas Innovations TX Harris County La Porte Chemical wholesale Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 4.50 46,756

Intercontinental Terminals Company TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 5.60 133,853

Rohm and Haas Chemicals LLC, B a yport Plant Rohm and Haas Company (subs. of Dow Chemical) TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 8.70 278,355

Eagle US 2 LLC – L a Porte Axiall Corporation TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 12.38 630,459

Clean Harbors Deer Park, L P Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Inc. TX Harris County La Porte Hazardous waste incineration Chloromethyl methyl ether 22.00 2,137,906

L a Porte Plant DuPont TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc.

* 50%) 25.00 2,187,121

Occidental Chemical Corp. – B G Chlor– Alkali–VCM Occidental Petroleum Corporation TX Harris County La Porte Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 2,658,707

South Coast Terminals South Coast Acquisition South Coast Delaware* TX Harris County LaPorte Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Toluene 2,4–diisocyanate 0.10 <10

Air Products LLC ( L aPorte) Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. TX Harris County LaPorte Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.25 26

Equistar Chemicals– L aPorte LyondellBasell Industries–LaPorte TX Harris County LaPorte Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 1.20 1,063

L inde Gas North America LLC TX Harris C ounty LaPorte Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 1,228

L yondell B asell Acetyls LLC (formerly Millennium) LyondellBasell Industries TX Harris County LaPorte Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 5.60 96,898

INVISTA Intermediates L aPorte Plant INVISTA S.a.r.l. TX Harris County LaPorte Chemical manufacturing Formaldehyde (solution) 25.00 2,189,102

Air L iquide L arge Industries U.S. L P– B a yport SMR Air Liquide Large Industries U.S. LP TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

Air Products, LLC (P asadena) Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 20

L inde – Clear L ake Linde, LLC TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.20 23

Centauri Technologies, L P TX Harris County Pasadena Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Methylamine 0.20 23

Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemicals – Pasadena Akzo Nobel Inc. TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Allyl alcohol 0.33 63

Equistar Chemicals, L P. Lyondell Chemical Company TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.60 208

B ASF Corporation Pasadena Texas Plant BASF Corporation TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.60 564

Occidental Chemical Corporation – Pasadena PVC Plant Occidental Petroleum Corporation TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl chloride 0.88 1,074

Dixie Chemical Company DX Holding Company TX Harris County Pasadena Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Acrylonitrile 1.10 1,491

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 171 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Air L iquide L arge Industries U.S. L P Air Liquide America L.P. TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 1,861

Pasadena Plastics Complex Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP* TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 3,733

Axiall, LLC – P asadena Axiall Corporation TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 1.60 4,736

Golden Acres Waste Water Treatment Plant City of Pasadena, Texas TX Harris County Pasadena Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 9,776

Red B lu !Water Treatment Plant Coastal Water Authority TX Harris County Pasadena Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,113

The L ubrizol Corporation

– B a yport Plant Berkshire Hathaway TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 2.20 14,673

SSI Chusei, Inc. SSI Chusei, Inc. TX Harris County Pasadena Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Allyl alcohol 2.70 17,975

Total Petrochemicals & Ref USA, Inc. B a yport HDPE Total Holdings USA, Inc. TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Titanium tetrachloride 4.10 29,504

Albemarle Corporation, Pasadena Plant Albemarle Corporation TX Harris County Pasadena Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Methyl chloride 2.70 30,600

L yondell Chemical – B a yport Plant Lyondell Chemical Company TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene oxide 6.10 135,374

B ASF Corporation – Pasdena Catalyst Site BASF Corporation TX Harris County Pasadena Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Titanium tetrachloride 6.50 164,684

E. R. Carpenter L .P. – Powell Plant Carpenter Urethanes I, LLC TX Harris County Pasadena Chemical manufacturing Ethylene oxide 8.70 271,946

Clariant Clear L ake Plant Clariant Corporation TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 8.80 323,723

AES Deepwater AES Corporation AES Deepwater* TX Harris County Pasadena Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.10 413,118

Pasadena Refinery Pasadena Refining Systems, Inc. TX Harris County Pasadena Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 9.30 756,630

Houston Plant Ethyl Corporation TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 1,321,135

Equistar Chemicals L .P. – B a yport Underwood Lyondell Chemical Company TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 18.00 1,359,868

Clear L ake Plant Celanese, Ltd. TX Harris County Pasadena Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 21.00 1,594,794

Kaneka Texas Corporation Kaneka Corporation TX Harris County Pasadena Plastics manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 2,322,731

B aker Petrolite Corporation

– B a yport Baker Hughes, Inc. TX Harris County Pasadena Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 25.00 2,671,813

Houston Ammonia Terminal, L .P. Terra Mississippi Nitrogen, Inc. PCS Nitrogen Ammonia Terminal Corporation* TX Harris County Pasadena Chemical storage terminal Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 3,236,486

Agrifos Fertilizer L

. L .C. TX Harris County Pasadena Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 3,640,970

LB C Houston/ B a yport Terminal LBC Houston, LP TX Harris County Seabrook Chemical storage terminal Ethylenediamine 8.70 246,405

South Houston Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Harris County South Houston Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 153,626

### 172

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Treschwig Central Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Harris County Spring Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,231

Webster Central Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Webster TX Harris County Webster Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.33 7,804

Eastman Chemical Company, Texas Operations Eastman Chemical Company TX Harrison County Longview Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 5.30 28,978

City of Marshall Water Treatment Plant TX Harrison County Marshall Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,499

B uda Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Buda Guadalupe–Blanco River Authority* TX Hays County Buda Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,087

Athens 6.0 MGD Water Treatment Plant Athens Municipal Water Authority TX Henderson County Athens Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 290

West Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Athens TX Henderson County Athens Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,196

North Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Athens TX Henderson County Athens Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,264

Mc Ka y Water Treatment Plant East Cedar Creek F.W.S.D. TX Henderson County Enchanted Oaks Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,672

North Wastewater Treatment Plant East Cedar Creek F.W.S.D. TX Henderson County Gun Barrel Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,856

City of Mabank – Water Treatment Plant TX Henderson County Gun Barrel City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,193

B rookshire Water Treatment Plant East Cedar Creek F.W.S.D. TX Henderson County Gun Barrel City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,906

South Wastewater Treatment Plant East Cedar Creek F.W.S.D. TX Henderson County Mabank Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.40 158

Malako !Surface Water Treatment Plant City of Malako ! TX Henderson County Malako ! Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 727

Cedar Creek Pump Station TX Henderson County Trinidad Water treatment Chlorine 4.40 9,351

North Alamo Water Supply Plant #5 North Alamo Water Supply Corporation TX Hidalgo County Donna Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,375

City of Donna Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Donna TX Hidalgo County Donna Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,056

City of Donna Water Filtration Plant City of Donna TX Hidalgo County Donna Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 15,765

North Alamo Water Supply Plant # 2 North Alamo Water Supply Corporation TX Hidalgo County Edinburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,393

North Alamo Water Supply Plant #1 North Alamo Water Supply Corporation TX Hidalgo County Edinburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,784

City of Edinburg Pump Station #1 TX Hidalgo County Edinburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 16,961

City of Edinburg Water Filtration Plant TX Hidalgo County Edinburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 28,456

Magic Valley Generation Calpine Construction Finance Company, LP TX Hidalgo County Edinburg Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 34,959

City of Edinburg West Edinburg Water Plant TX Hidalgo County Edinburg Water treatment Chlorine 4.40 127,878

City of McAllen South Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Hidalgo County McAllen Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.64 13,596

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 173 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
McAllen South West Water Treatment Plant McAllen Public Utilities City of McAllen* TX Hidalgo County McAllen Water treatment Chlorine 2.80 68,694

North Water Treatment Plant McAllen Public Utilities TX Hidalgo County McAllen Water treatment Chlorine 6.21 203,497

City of Mercedes Water Filtration Plant TX Hidalgo County Mercedes Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 8,383

Havana Water Treatment Plant Agua Special Utility District TX Hidalgo County Mission Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,439

North Water Treatment Plant City of Mission TX Hidalgo County Mission Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 8,546

South Water Treatment Plant City of Mission TX Hidalgo County Mission Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 19,906

492 Water Treatment Plant Agua Special Utility District TX Hidalgo County Mission Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 34,438

Abram Water Treatment Plant Agua Special Utility District TX Hidalgo County Palmview Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 31,624

City of Pharr Water Treatment Plant TX Hidalgo County Pharr Water treatment Chlorine 4.20 138,308

City of San Juan Water Plant City of San Juan, Texas TX Hidalgo County San Juan Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,177

North Alamo Water Supply Plant #4 & Owassa RO North Alamo Water Supply Corporation TX Hidalgo County San Juan Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,831

Swtp – Plant 1 City of San Juan, Texas TX Hidalgo County San Juan Water treatment Chlorine 1.70 26,026 City of Weslaco Water Treatment Plant TX Hidalgo County Weslaco Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 19,010

City of Weslaco Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Hidalgo County Weslaco Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 20,896

Aquilla Water Supply District TX Hill County Hillsboro Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 484

Wolf Hollow I, L P TX Hood County Granbury Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 2.70 3,741

Sulphur Springs Water Plant City of Sulphur Springs TX Hopkins County Sulphur Springs Water treatment Chlorine 3.20 11,606

Sulphur Springs Waste Water Plant City of Sulphur Springs TX Hopkins County Sulphur Springs Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 4.40 15,194

Northside Wastewater Treament Plant #1 TX Houston County Crockett Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,954

P Chem, Inc. P Chem, Inc. TX Houston County Latexo Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 393

Houston County WCID #1 TX Houston County Latexo Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 453

Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Howard County Big Spring Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,767

Alon USA B ig Spring Refinery Alon USA LP Alon USA GP Inc* TX Howard County Big Spring Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 39,084

City of Commerce– SWTP City of Commerce TX Hunt County Campbell Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,528

City of Commerce– WWTP TX Hunt County Commerce Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,437

City of Greenville Water Treatment Plant City of Greenville, Texas TX Hunt County Greenville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,270

City of B orger Water Treatment Facility City of Borger, Texas TX Hutchinson County Borger Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,501

### 174

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of B orger Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Borger TX Hutchinson County Borger Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,491

B lackhawk Station Borger Energy Associates, L.P. TX Hutchinson County Borger Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 4,547

B renntag Southwest B orger 5–2011 Brenntag, Inc. TX Hutchinson County Borger Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 6,301

B orger Refinery WRB Refining, LP TX Hutchinson County Borger Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 41,482

Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. L P – B orger Plant Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. LP TX Hutchinson County Borger Basic chemicals – ACC Methyl mercaptan 25.00 42,649

Pumping Plant # 1 Canadian River Muncipal Water Authority TX Hutchinson County Sanford Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 38

Herring Water Station WRB Refining, LP TX Hutchinson County Stinnett Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 136

Ka y Water Station WRB Refining LP TX Hutchinson County Stinnett Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 136

MeadWestvaco Texas L .P. MeadWestvaco TX Jasper County Evadale Pulp and paper, ACC Chlorine dioxide 25.00 275,337

City of Jasper Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Jasper TX Jasper County Jasper Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,786

WJCMWD, Water Treatment Plant West Je ! erson County Municipal Water District TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 392

ExxonMobil Chemical Company – B PEP Exxon Mobil Corporation TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 1,425

Cray Valley B eaumont TX Total Holding USA TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Basic chemicals – ACC Boron trifluoride 2.70 1,609

ExxonMobil B eaumont Chemical Plant ( B MCP) Exxon Mobil Corporation ExxonMobil Oil Corporation* TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Basic chemicals – ACC Boron trifluoride 2.40 16,822

City of B eaumont Water Reclamation Plant City of Beaumont TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 29,521

City of B eaumont Water Production Plant City of Beaumont TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 41,382

ExxonMobil B eaumont Refinery ( B MRF) Exxon Mobil Corporation ExxonMobil Oil Corporation* TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Petroleum refinery Hydrogen sulfide 5.60 87,628

B ASF, B eaumont Plant BASF Corporation TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 263,667

GE B etz Inc. B eaumont – Plant General Electric Company TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Chemical manufacturing Formaldehyde (solution) 20.00 276,672

Neches Terminal Martin Operating Partnership, LP TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Refrigerated warehouse Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 376,297

Arkema Inc. – B eaumont Plant Arkema Inc. TX Je ! erson County Beaumont Basic chemicals – ACC Acrolein 25.00 378,380

City of Groves Wilson Water Treatment Plant TX Je ! erson County Groves Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 35,376

City of Port Neches Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Je ! erson County Groves Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 49,973

City of Nederland Water Treatment Plant City of Nederland TX Je ! erson County Nederland Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 33,130

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 175 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

L ucite International, Inc Lucite International, Inc. TX Je ! erson County Nederland Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 25.00 366,743

Praxair 379 SMR HYCO Site (Port Arthur) Praxair, Inc. TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.07 <10

Air Products LLC (P ort Arthur I) Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 <10

Air Products LLC (P ort Arthur II Hydrogen/Cogen) Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 <10

Praxair – Port Arthur, TX Praxair, Inc. TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.05 <10

Chevron Phillips Chemical Co. – PA Plant Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP Chevron Phillips Chemical Holding II, LLC* TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 1.30 27

Chevron Phillips Chemical – PA Terminal Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP Chevron Phillips Chemical Holding II, LLC* TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 2.40 918

Main Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,116

Gulf Coast Water Reclamation Center City of Groves TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,368

Port Arthur Refinery Motiva Enterprises TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Petroleum refinery Hydrogen sulfide 1.60 6,330

B ASF Port Arthur Site BASF TOTAL Petrochemicals LLC BASF TOTAL Petrochemicals LLC* TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 2.10 13,047

K MCO Port Arthur inc. dba K MTEX TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Vinyl acetate
monomer 8.10 50,161

Port Acres Wastewater Plant TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Wastewater treatment Chlorine 6.70 68,939

Total Petrochemicals & Refining U.S.A. Inc. Total S.A. TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Petroleum refinery, ACC Hydrogen sulfide 5.60 84,316

City Of Port Arthur (Water Purification Plant) TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Water treatment Chlorine 6.70 99,370

Premcor Port Arthur Refinery The Valero Energy Corporation TX Je ! erson County Port Arthur Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 328,817

ISP Synthetic Elastomers L P ISP Synthetic GP LLC TX Je ! erson County Port Neches Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 0.01 <10

TPC Group– Port Neches Operations TX Je ! erson County Port Neches Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 1.50 5,869

City of Port Neches Water Treatment Plant TX Je ! erson County Port Neches Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 25,906

Calabrian Corporation Calabrian Corporation TX Je ! erson County Port Neches Chemical manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 243,765

Huntsman LLC – P ort Neches Performance Products Huntsman LLC TX Je ! erson County Port Neches Petrochemical manufacturing Ethylene oxide 25.00 347,563

City of Alice (Northeast) TX Jim Wells County Alice Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 3,394

City of Alice TX Jim Wells County Alice Water treatment Chlorine 3.30 16,266

### 176

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of Alice (South) TX Jim Wells County Alice Wastewater treatment Chlorine 4.20 17,668

City of Cleburne Water Treatment Plant City of Cleburne TX Johnson County Cleburne Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,807

Johnson County Generation Facility Brazos Electric Power Cooperative, Inc. TX Johnson County Cleburne Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.80 11,043

City of Cleburne Water Reuse Facility City of Cleburne TX Johnson County Cleburne Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,121

City of Cleburne Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Cleburne TX Johnson County Cleburne Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 14,800

SACHEM, Inc. TX Johnson County Cleburne Basic chemicals – ACC Methyl chloride 3.20 21,154

DPC Industries, Inc. DX Holding Company TX Johnson County Cleburne Bleach manufacturing Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 192,565

Raw Water Disinfection Facility City of Abilene TX Jones County Abilene Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,111

Abilene Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Abilene TX Jones County Abilene Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,972

Stamford Water Treatment Plant City of Stamford TX Jones County Stamford Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 453

Stamford Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Stamford TX Jones County Stamford Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 458

Ashland Aqualon Functional In– Kenedy , Texas Plant Ashland. Inc. TX Karnes County Kenedy Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene oxide 0.30 11

Duck Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Kaufman County Sunnyvale Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.10 4,575

City of Terrell – Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Terrell TX Kaufman County Terrell Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 498

City of Kerrville – W

astewater Plant TX Kerr County Kerrville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 11,263

City of Kerrville – Water Treatment Plant TX Kerr County Kerrville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 17,898

City of Paris Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Paris, Texas TX Lamar County Paris Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 3,071

City of Paris Water Treatment Plant City of Paris, Texas TX Lamar County Paris Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,944

B a yer CropScience TX Lamb County Littlefield Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 3.40 856

City of L iberty Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Liberty TX Liberty County Liberty Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,380

Diamond Shamrock Refinery – Three Rivers Valero Energy Corporation TX Live Oak County Three Rivers Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 12.00 5,919

B a yer CropScience – Erskine Facility Bayer CropScience TX Lubbock County Lubbock Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 2.40 23,913

L ubbock Water Treatment Plant City of Lubbock, TX TX Lubbock County Lubbock Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 8.00 85,933

City of Midland Paul Davis Well Field City of Midland TX Martin County Tarzan Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 51

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 177 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Celanese – B a y City Plant Celanese Ltd. TX Matagorda County Bay City Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 6.20 3,456

City of B a y City Water Reclamation Facility TX Matagorda County Bay City Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 10,182

Equistar Chemicals, L P Matagorda Plant Equistar Chemicals, LP TX Matagorda County Wadsworth Basic chemicals – ACC Titanium tetrachloride 2.90 243

Waco Metropolitan Area Regional Sewerage System City of Waco Water Utilities Department TX McLennan County Waco Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.10 3,018

Mount Carmel Water Treatment Plant City of Waco TX McLennan County Waco Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,187

Riverside Water Treatment Plant City of Waco TX McLennan County Waco Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 5,870

Raw Water Station and DAF Plant City of Waco TX McLennan County Waco Water treatment Chlorine 1.40 8,961

Gholson water storage facility City of Waco TX McLennan County Waco Water treatment Chlorine 3.50 27,714

Old Mc Gregor Road Ground Storage City of Waco Water Utilities Department TX McLennan County Waco Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 30,755

City of Midland Water Purification Plant City of Midland TX Midland County Midland Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,875

B ob Derrington Water Reclamation Plant City of Odessa TX Midland County Odessa Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.10 372

Sandow Steam Electric Station Energy Future Holdings Luminant Generation Company LLC* TX Milam County Rockdale Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.70 1,360

B owie Water Treatment Plant City of Bowie TX Montague County Bowie Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 5,245

Southwest Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Conroe, Texas TX Montgomery County Conroe Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.00 6,068

Huntsman Petrochemical LLC – Conroe Plant Huntsman Petrochemical LLC TX Montgomery County Conroe Chemical manufacturing Ethylene oxide 12.50 232,525

Drilling Specialties Company, Alamo Plant Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP TX Montgomery County Conroe Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur trioxide 25.00 1,009,030

San Jacinto River Authority – Water Plant 4 TX Montgomery County The Woodlands Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 29,097

San Jacinto River Authority – Water Plant 5 TX Montgomery County The Woodlands Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 38,763

San Jacinto River Authority – Water Plant 3 San Jacinto River Authority TX Montgomery County The Woodlands Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 44,865

San Jacinto River Authority – Water Plant 1 San Jacinto River Authority TX Montgomery County The Woodlands Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 54,469

San Jacinto River Authority WW Plant 1 – Cl2 & SO2 San Jacinto River Authority TX Montgomery County The Woodlands Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 55,775

San Jacinto River Authority – Water Plant 2 San Jacinto River Authority TX Montgomery County The Woodlands Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 58,221

L ewis Creek Plant Entergy Texas, Inc. TX Montgomery County Willis Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 18,681

### 178

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Diamond Shamrock Refining Company, L .P. Valero Energy Corporation TX Moore County Sunray Petroleum refinery Butane 1.00 32

Surface Water Treatment Plant City of Nacogdoches TX Nacogdoches County Nacogdoches Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 275

City of Nacogdoches WWTP City of Nacogdoches TX Nacogdoches County Nacogdoches Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 639

City of Nacogdoches Southside WTP City of Nacogdoches TX Nacogdoches County Nacogdoches Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,368

L ake Halbert Water Treatment Plant City of Corsicana, Texas TX Navarro County Corsicana Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,313

Overland Flow Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Corsicana, Texas TX Navarro County Corsicana Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 1,972

City of Corsicana Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 2 City of Corsicana, Texas TX Navarro County Corsicana Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 2,272

Corsicana Technologies’ Corsicana Plant Permian Mud Services, Inc. TX Navarro County Corsicana Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 15,575

Richland Chambers Pump Station TX Navarro County Kerns Water treatment Chlorine 4.40 1,351

Navarro Mills Water Treatment Plant City of Corsicana, Texas TX Navarro County Purdon Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 605

City of Sweetwater Water Treatment Plant City of Sweetwater TX Nolan County Sweetwater Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,585

DPC Industries, Inc. DX Holding Company TX Nolan County Sweetwater Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 13,866

OXEA B ishop LLC O XEA Corporation TX Nueces County Bishop Chemical manufacturing Formaldehyde (solution) 25.00 121,554

Ticona Polymers, Inc. Celanese Chemicals, Inc. TX Nueces County Bishop Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 25.00 134,327

Air Products LLC ( Corpus Christi) Air Products & Chemicals TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Basic chemicals – ACC Flammable Mixture 0.10 54

Equistar Chemicals, L .P. – Corpus Christi Complex Equistar Chemcials, L.P. LyondellBasell Industries* TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 0.90 260

Equistar Chemicals, L .P. – Marine L oading Facility Equistar Chemcials, L.P. LyondellBasell Industries* TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Basic chemicals – ACC 1,3–Butadiene 1.50 787

FHRCorpus Christi – East Refinery Flint Hills Resources, LP TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Petroleum refinery Butane 0.79 5,052

CITGO Corpus Christi Refinery, West Plant CITGO Refining and Chemicals L.P. TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Petroleum refinery Chlorine 5.20 38,146

Valero Refining Co – Texas, L .P. – East Plant Valero Energy Corporation TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Petroleum refinery Hydrogen sulfide 4.60 72,208

O.N. Stevens Water Treatment Plant City of Corpus Christi TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Water treatment Chlorine 14.00 109,531

CITGO Corpus Christi Refinery East Plant CITGO Refining and Chemicals L.P. TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 15.00 337,922

Valero Refining Co. – Texas, L .P. – West Plant Valero Energy Corporation TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 17.00 350,206

FHR Corpus Christi LLC A West Plant Flint Hills Resources, LP TX Nueces County Corpus Christi Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 22.00 372,341

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 179 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Robstown Wastewater Plant TX Nueces County Robstown Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,370

Solvay – Orange Facility TX Orange County Orange Basic chemicals – ACC Trifluorochloroethylene 0.15 10

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company: Orange Plant Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP TX Orange County Orange Basic chemicals – ACC Isopentane 0.40 69

Honeywell, Inc., formerly AlliedSignal Honeywell International, Inc. TX Orange County Orange Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.90 602

L ANXES S Corporation, Orange, Texas Lanxess AG TX Orange County Orange Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Chlorine 2.20 3,103

L ink Avenue Water Production Plant City of Orange TX Orange County Orange Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,678

Meeks Drive Water Production Plant City of Orange TX Orange County Orange Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 12,930

DuPont Sabine River Works E. I. DuPont De Nemours & Co., Inc TX Orange County Orange Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 25.00 316,397

Hilltop Water Treatment Plant TX Palo Pinto County Mineral Wells Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,442

Pollard Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Palo Pinto County Mineral Wells Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,927

City of Carthage Water Plant City of Carthage, Texas TX Panola County Carthage Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,490

City of Carthage Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Panola County Carthage Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,882

Weatherford Water Treatment Plant TX Parker County Weatherford Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 9,551

L ivingston Regional Water Supply System Trinity River Authority of Texas TX Polk County Livingston Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,723

Potter County Pump Station City of Amarillo Utilities Division* TX Potter County Amarillo Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 101

River Road Water Reclamation Plant City of Amarillo Utilities Division* TX Potter County Amarillo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,108

Amarillo Chlorine Station Canadian River Municipal Water Authority TX Potter County Amarillo Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,329

Asarco LLC / Amarillo C opper Refinery Americas Mining Corporation (AMC) TX Potter County Amarillo Copper refinery Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 25.00 239,810

City of Emory Water Treatment Plant TX Rains County Emory Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,308

Hollywood Road Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Amarillo Utilities Division* TX Randall County Amarillo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,899

Osage Water Treatment Plant City of Amarillo Utilities Division* TX Randall County Amarillo Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 45,921

Twin Oaks Optim Energy Twin Oaks, LP TX Robertson County Bremond Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.60 297

Oak Grove Steam Electric Generation Energy Future Holdings Oak Grove Management Company LLC.* TX Robertson County Franklin Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 2,015

GATX – Hearne, TX Tank Car Facility GATX Corporation General American Transportation Corporation* TX Robertson County Hearne Railroad tank car service Bromine 25.00 170,168

### 180

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population City of B allinger W

ater Treatment Plant TX Runnels County Ballinger Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 391

Surface Water Treatment Plant City of Henderson TX Rusk County Henderson Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,222

Henderson Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Henderson TX Rusk County Henderson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 6,248

B aker Petrolite Corporation – K ilgore B lend Plant Baker Hughes Incorporated TX Rusk County Kilgore Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Acrolein 24.00 297,331

Occidental Chemical Corporation Ingleside Plant Occidental Petroleum Corporation TX San Patricio County Gregory Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 382,512

San Patricio Municipal Water District TX San Patricio County Ingleside Water treatment Chlorine 6.70 33,652

DuPont Company – Corpus Christi Plant E. I. duPont de Nemours and Co., Inc. TX San Patricio County Ingleside Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 25.00 383,697

AOC Sinton Facility Praxair Distribution Inc. TX San Patricio County Sinton Basic chemicals – ACC Acetylene 0.30 171

W. H. B igham Water Treatment Plant TX Scurry County Snyder Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 2,432

Albany Water Treatment Plant TX Shackelford County Albany Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 105

Pinkston Water Treatment Plant City of Center, Texas TX Shelby County Center Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 47

Eastbank Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Center, Texas TX Shelby County Center Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 841

City of Center – Mill Creek Water Treatment Plant City of Center, Texas TX Shelby County Center Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,090

Delek Refining Lt d Delek US Refining GP, LLC TX Smith County Tyler Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.23 183

Eastman Chemical Company, Tyler Terminal Eastman Chemical Company TX Smith County Tyler Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene 0.65 681

City of Tyler – Southside Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Smith County Tyler Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,467

City of Tyler– Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Smith County Tyler Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,430

Golden Road Water Treatment Plant TX Smith County Tyler Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,673

L ake Palestine Water Treatment Plant City of Tyler, Texas TX Smith County Tyler Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 7,579

Rio Grande City Water Treatment Plant City of Rio Grande City TX Starr County Rio Grande City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,480

Rio Grande City Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Rio Grande City TX Starr County Rio Grande City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,480

Rio Grande City Water Treatment Plant No. 2 City of Rio Grande City TX Starr County Rio Grande City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,457

B reckenridge, Texas Water Treatment Plant TX Stephens County Breckenridge Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,219

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 181 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

K ress Chlorine Station Canadian River Municipal Water Authority TX Swisher County Kress Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 10

John K ubala W ater Treatment Plant TX Tarrant County Arlington Water treatment Chlorine 7.00 348,498

Pierce– B urch Water Treatment Plant TX Tarrant County Arlington Water treatment Chlorine 7.00 464,263

Village Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Fort Worth TX Tarrant County Arlington Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 21.00 3,056,502

Azle Water Plant City of Azle TX Tarrant County Azle Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,427

B enbrook Water Authority Water Treatment Plant Benbrook Water Authority TX Tarrant County Benbrook Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,935

Tarrant County Water Supply Project Trinity River Authority of Texas TX Tarrant County Euless Water treatment Chlorine 13.50 1,511,730

Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC F t Worth Plant Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc TX Tarrant County Fort Worth Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.43 1,263

Miller Coors LLC (T X) TX Tarrant County Fort Worth Brewery Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 172,030

Rolling Hills Water Treatment Plant City of Fort Worth TX Tarrant County Fort Worth Water treatment Chlorine 7.90 478,740

Eagle Mountain Water Treatment Plant City of Fort Worth TX Tarrant County Fort Worth Water treatment Chlorine 12.00 666,489

Grapevine Water Treatment Plant City of Grapevine TX Tarrant County Grapevine Water treatment Chlorine 1.66 6,307

City of Mansfield Water Treatment Plant TX Tarrant County Mansfield Water treatment Chlorine 1.54 14,143

Honeywell Electronic Chemicals, LLC Hone ywell International, Inc. TX Tarrant County Mansfield Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 40,356

Northeast Treatment Plant City of Abilene TX Taylor County Abilene Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.40 12,541

Grimes Treatment Plant City of Abilene TX Taylor County Abilene Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.90 23,856

Hargesheimer Treatment Plant City of Abilene TX Taylor County Tuscola Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,040

City of Mount Pleasant Wastewater Plant TX Titus County Mount Pleasant Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 6,652

City of Mount Pleasant Water Treatment Plant City Of Mount Pleasant TX Titus County Mount Pleasant Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 13,258

City of San Angelo Water Treatment Plant City of San Angelo, Texas TX Tom Green County San Angelo Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 46,933

Travis County WC&ID No. 17 – Eck L ane WTP TX Travis County Austin Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,577

West Travis County PUA SWTP West Travis County Public Utility Agency TX Travis County Austin Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,721

Travis County MUD #4 Water Treatment Plant Travis County MUD #4 TX Travis County Austin Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,733

Walnut Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Travis County Austin Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,869

River Place MUD Water Treatment Plant River Place MUD TX Travis County Austin Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,513

### 182

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
Albert R. Davis Water Treatment Plant TX Travis County Austin Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 9,598

South Austin Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Travis County Austin Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 9,624

Albert H. Ullrich Water Treatment Plant TX Travis County Austin Water treatment Chlorine 7.00 432,727

L akeway MUD WTP W–3 TX Travis County Lakeway Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,025

L akeway MUD – Reclaimed Water Storage Pond I–4 TX Travis County Lakeway Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,156

City of Cedar Park WTP TX Travis County Leander Water treatment Chlorine 1.55 2,642

B renntag Southwest – Manor Brenntag, Inc. TX Travis County Manor Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 3.00 11,563

City of Pflugerville– Central Wastewater Treatment City of Pflugerville TX Travis County Pflugerville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.20 23,422

Trinity County Regional Water Supply System Trinity River Authority of Texas TX Trinity County Trinity Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 2,309

City of Woodville Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Tyler County Woodville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 650

Equistar Chemicals, L P Lyondell Chemical Company LyondellBasell Industries* TX Victoria County Victoria Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene 0.07 <10

Victoria Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant TX Victoria County Victoria Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 9,814

Victoria Willow Street Plant TX Victoria County Victoria Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 24,660

City of Victoria Water Plant 3 City of Victoria, Texas TX Victoria County Victoria Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 47,321

City of Victoria Surface Water Treatment Plant City of Victoria, Texas TX Victoria County Victoria Water treatment Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 50,425

Du Pont Victoria Plant E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. Inc. TX Victoria County Victoria Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 12.00 58,062

INVISTA Victoria Plant INVISTA S.A A r.l. TX Victoria County Victoria Petrochemical manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 112,857

A. J. B rown Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Huntsville TX Walker County Huntsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 470

N. B . Da vidson Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Huntsville TX Walker County Huntsville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.70 1,050

Huntsville Regional Water Supply System Trinity River Authority of Texas TX Walker County Huntsville Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 1,634

Spring Creek Water Plant City of Huntsville TX Walker County Huntsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,980

Palm Street Water Plant City of Huntsville TX Walker County Huntsville Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 13,560

B renham L ake Pump Station City of Brenham TX Washington County Brenham Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 801

B renham Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Brenham TX Washington County Brenham Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 6,660

B renham Main Water Treatment Plant City of Brenham TX Washington County Brenham Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 7,170

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 183 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

Zacate WWTP City of Laredo TX Webb County Laredo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 7,502

North L aredo WWTP City of Laredo TX Webb County Laredo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 10,404

Je !erson Street Water Treatment Plant City of Laredo Utilities TX Webb County Laredo Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 10,696

Southside WWTP City of Laredo TX Webb County Laredo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,133

Northside Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Wichita Falls TX Wichita County Wichita Falls Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 15,215

River Road Wastewater Treatment Plant City Of Wichita Falls TX Wichita County Wichita Falls Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 3.10 20,302

Cypress Water Treatment Plant City of Wichita Falls TX Wichita County Wichita Falls Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 32,483

Secondary Reservoir City of WichitaFalls TX Wichita County Wichita Falls Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 37,028

Jasper Water Treatment Plant City of Wichita Falls TX Wichita County Wichita Falls Water treatment Chlorine 13.00 122,773

Solvay USA Inc. Vernon, Texas Facility Solvay USA Inc. TX Wilbarger County Vernon Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene oxide 0.70 340

B rushy Creek Regional Wastewater System – East Lower Colorado River Authority Brazos River Authority* TX Williamson County Round Rock Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,292

City of Round Rock Water Treatment Plant TX Williamson County Round Rock Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,340

East Williamson County Water Treatment Plant Brazos River Authority TX Williamson County Taylor Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 379

Royce W. Simpson Water Treatment Plant TX Wise County Decatur Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,112

Zapata County Water Treatment Plant TX Zapata County Zapata Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 8,185

UTAH
Enel Cove Fort LLC Enel Gr een Power North America Inc. UT Beaver County Beaver Electric power generation Pentane 0.40 <10

PacifiCorp – B lundell Geothermal Plant MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company UT Beaver County Milford Electric power generation Isopentane 0.40 <10

Thermo No. 1 Facility UT Beaver County Milford Electric power generation Isopentane 0.40 <10

Castlegate Culinary Water Treatment Plant Price River Water Improvement District UT Carbon County Helper Water treatment Chlorine 2.28 155

Price River Water Improvement District UT Carbon County Wellington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.00 217

Central Davis Sewer District UT Davis County Kaysville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,682

South Davis Sewer District South Plant UT Davis County North Salt Lake Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,609

B ig West Oil LLC F J Management Inc. UT Davis County North Salt Lake Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 11.00 391,689

Chevron Salt L ake Refinery ChevronCorporation UT Davis County Salt Lake City Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 22.00 1,251,908

### 184

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
North Davis Sewer District UT Davis County Syracuse Wastewater treatment Chlorine 4.40 40,814

South Davis Sewer District North Plant UT Davis County West Bountiful Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 1,310

Woods Cross Refinery Holly Refining & Marketing Company Holly Corporation* UT Davis County Woods Cross Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 11.00 291,206

Duchesne Valley Water Treatment Plant Central Utah Water Conservancy District UT Duchesne County Duchesne Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 11

American Pacific Corporation, Utah Operations American Pacific Corporation UT Iron County Cedar City Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 314

Cedar City Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility Cedar City Corporation UT Iron County Cedar City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 497

Intermountain Generating Station Intermountain Power Agency Los Angeles Department of Water & Power* UT Millard County Delta Electric power generation Chlorine 2.20 139

L ittle Cottonwood Water Treatment Plant Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake and Sandy UT Salt Lake County Cottonwood Heights Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,108

Jordan Valley Water Treatment Plant Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District UT Salt Lake County Herriman Water treatment Chlorine 1.50 3,219

Magna Water District WWTP Magna Water District UT Salt Lake County Magna Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 32,448

Honeywell Electonic Materials – Salt L ake City Honeywell International Inc. UT Salt Lake County Salt Lake City Basic chemicals – ACC Titanium tetrachloride 1.40 2,928

Salt L ake City Water Reclamation Plant Salt Lake City Corportaion UT Salt Lake County Salt Lake City Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,644

Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company Tesoro Petroleum Corporation UT Salt Lake County Salt Lake City Petroleum refinery Butane 1.10 6,926

Thatcher Company UT Salt Lake County Salt Lake City Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 970,863

Ashley Valley Water Treatment Plant Central Utah Water Conservancy District UT Uintah County Vernal Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 24

Utah Valley Water Treatment Plant Central Utah Water Conservancy District UT Utah County Orem Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 6,489

City of Orem Water Reclamation Facility City of Orem UT Utah County Orem Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.60 9,951

Payson City WWTP UT Utah County Payson Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.50 21,967

Provo City Corporation – Water Reclamation Plant UT Utah County Provo Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 <10

Spanish Fork City WWTP UT Utah County Spanish Fork Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,715

Geneva Nitrogen LLC UT Utah C ounty Vineyard Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 996,135

Central Weber Sewer Improvement District UT Weber County Ogden Wastewater treatment Chlorine 4.40 40,373

Western Zirconium Westinghouse Electric Company, LLC UT Weber County Ogden Chemical manufacturing Chlorine 25.00 459,989

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 185 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population
VIRGINIA
C ovington Water Treatment Plant VA Alleghany County Covington Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 839

MeadWestvaco Corporation Paperboard Operations MeadWestvaco Corporation VA Alleghany County Covington Pulp and paper, ACC Chlorine dioxide 4.84 8,119

B renntag mid–South Inc. Brenntag Inc. VA Bedford County Bedford Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 0.80 430

City of B edford WWTP VA Bedford County Bedford Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,053

Conaway Wastewater Treatment Plant Buchanan County Public Service Authority VA Buchanan County Bigrock Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 91

Altavista Power Station Virginia Electric and Power Company Dominion Resources, Inc.* VA Campbell County Altavista Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.70 8,553

Otter River Water Treatment Plant Campbell County Utilities and Service Authority VA Campbell County Evington Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 1,860

JCI Jones Chemicals, Inc. Milford VA Caroline County Milford Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 25.00 305,706

Galax Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Galax VA Carroll County Galax Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 2,742

Galax Water Treament Plant City of Galax VA Carroll County Galax Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,415

Chesapeake Energy Center Dominion Resources, Inc. VA Chesapeake city Chesapeake Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.40 9,926

Univar USA Inc Univar USA Inc VA Chesterfield County Chester Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 0.40 242

Chesterfield Power Station Dominion Resources, Inc. VA Chesterfield County Chester Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.12 4,456

DuPont James River Plant E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company VA Chesterfield County Richmond Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 0.19 24

DuPont – Spruance E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc. VA Chesterfield County Richmond Basic chemicals – ACC Chloroform 1.40 7,511

City of Danville Water Treatment Facility VA Danville city Danville Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 3,303

John Flannagan Water Authority VA Dickenson County Haysi Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 174

Tenaska Virginia Generating Station Tenaska Virginia Partners, LP VA Fluvanna County Scottsville Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.30 1,859

James T. Anderson Water Filtration Plant Frederick County Sanitation Authority VA Frederick County Clearbrook Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 860

James H. Diehl Water Filtration Plant Frederick County Sanitation Authority Plant VA Frederick County Stephens City Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,336

James River Correction Ctr. Water Treatment Plant VA Goochland County State Farm Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,501

Maple Avenue Waste Water Treatment Plant VA Halifax County South Boston Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 425

L eigh S treet Water Treatment Facility VA Halifax County South Boston Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 832

Doswell Energy Center Doswell Limited Partnership VA Hanover County Ashland Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.90 2,811

### 186

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Upper Smith River Water Filtration Plant Henry County Public Service Authority VA Henry County Bassett Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 869

Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Martinsville VA Henry County Ridgeway Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.71 636

L inde – Hopewell Linde, Inc. VA Hopewell city Hopewell Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.00 3,958

Hopewell Power Station Virginia Electric and Power Company Dominion Resources, Inc.* VA Hopewell city Hopewell Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.10 28,108

Hercules – Hopewell Plant Ashland Inc. VA Hopewell city Hopewell Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 9.90 138,978

International Paper International Paper VA Isle of Wight County Franklin Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 6.10 14,914

B irchwood Power Facility Birchwood Power Parteners, L.P. (owner) VA King George County King George Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.50 2,774

West Point Mill RockTenn CP, LLC VA King William County West Point Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 2.10 2,577

Goose Creek Water Treatment Plant City of Fairfax,VA VA Loudoun County Ashburn Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 57,008

Gordonsville Power Station Virginia Electric and Power Company Dominion Resources, Inc.* VA Louisa County Gordonsville Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.10 248

NRV Regional Water Authority VA Montgomery County Radford Water treatment Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.90 284

B lackstone Water Utilites Town of Blackstone VA Nottoway County Fort Pickett Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 <10

B lackstone Water Polution Control Facility Town of Blackstone VA Nottoway County Fort Pickett Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 <10

City of Danville Northside WWTP City of Danville, VA VA Pittsylvania County Danville Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,484

DanChem Technologies, Inc. DanChem Technologies, Inc. VA Pittsylvania County Danville Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.85 1,856

U. S. Amines – Portsmouth Plant U. S. Amines Limited VA Portsmouth city Portsmouth Chemical manufacturing Allylamine 12.00 756,714

Hopewell Water Treatment Plant Virginia–American Water Company American Water Works Company* VA Prince George County Hopewell Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 5,772

Evonik Goldschmidt Corporation Evonik Industries VA Prince George County Hopewell Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ethylene oxide 8.70 101,353

Honeywell Hopewell Plant Honeywell International Inc VA Prince George County Hopewell Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 24.00 774,998

Town of Pulaski Water Filtration Plant VA Pulaski County Pulaski Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 628

Radford Water Treatment Plant VA Radford City Radford Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,121

B ellemeade Power Station Dominion Resources Inc. VA Richmond City Richmond Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 3.60 90,762

City of Richmond Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Richmond VA Richmond City Richmond Wastewater treatment Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 14.70 799,055

Carvins Cove Water Filter Plant Western Virginia Water Authority VA Roanoke County Roanoke Water treatment Chlorine 0.92 1,718

Spring Hollow Water Treatment Facility Western Virginia Water Authority VA Roanoke County Salem Water treatment Chlorine 2.30 2,863

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 187 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

K I K(Virginia) LLC KIK In ternational LLC VA Roanoke County Salem Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 239,709

B uena Vista WWTP City of Buena Vista, VA VA Rockbridge County Buena Vista Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 3,801

Stonewall Plant Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation VA Rockingham County Elkton Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 20.00 172,257

Salem Water Treatment Plant City of Salem, Virginia VA Salem city Salem Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,148

Hercules Incorporated – Franklin, Virginia Ashland Inc. VA Southampton County Courtland Basic chemicals – ACC Phosphorus trichloride 0.58 63

Motts Runt Water Treatment Plant Spotsylvania County VA Spotsylvania County Fredericksburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 1,804

B ASF Corporation BASFCorporation VA Su ! olk City Su ! olk Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 1.10 1,284

Westside Wastewater Treatment Plant The Sanitary Board of Bluefield VA Tazewell County Bluefield Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 10,821

Front Royal Wastewater Treatment Plant VA Warren County Front Royal Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,332

WCSA Middle Fork Drinking Water Plant Washington County Service Authority (WCSA) VA Washington County Abingdon Water treatment Chlorine 3.04 4,280

C–N–W Regional Wastewater Treatment Authority C–N–W Regional Wastewater Treatment Authority VA Wise County Coeburn Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 3,437

Harwood’s Mill Water Treatment Plant VA York County Grafton Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,713

W ASHINGTON

Agrium K FO – Kennewick Area Agrium US, Inc. Agrium Inc.* WA Benton County Kennewick Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 245,117

Agrium K FO – Finley Area Agrium US, Inc. Agrium Inc.* WA Benton County Kennewick Fertilizer manufacturing Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 245,965

City of Richland Water Treatment Plant City of Richland WA Benton County Richland Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 23,931

City of Richland Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Richland WA Benton County Richland Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 41,489

Georgia–Pacific Consumer Products (Camas) LLC Geor gia–Pacific Consumer Products Holdings LLC WA Clark County Camas Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 14.00 934,258

Operations Center B rookside Yard City of Vancouver WA Clark County Vancouver Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 1,985

Emerald Kalama Chemical, LLC Emer ald Performance Materials, LLC WA Cowlitz County Kalama Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Acetaldehyde 0.40 72

Chemtrade Performance Chemicals LLC Kalama Plan t Chemtrade Logistics WA Cowlitz County Kalama Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 19.00 167,369

L ongview Regional Water Treatment Plant WA Cowlitz County Longview Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,647

Hasa Inc. – L ongview WA Cowlitz County Longview Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 91,695

Weyerhaeuser NR Company – L ongview Washington Weyerhaeuser NR Company Weyerhaeuser Company* WA Cowlitz County Longview Pulp and paper Chlorine 14.00 92,013

### 188

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Eagle US 2 LLC A xiall LLC WA Cowlitz County Longview Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 20.00 122,826

B utterfield Water Treatment Plant City of Pasco WA Franklin County Pasco Water treatment Chlorine 1.90 30,238

Moses L ake / Electronics Air Liquide Electronics U.S. LP WA Grant County Moses Lake Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen 0.40 143

City L ake Chlorination Facility City of Port Townsend WA Je ! erson County Port Townsend Water treatment Chlorine 0.40 52

Tolt Treatment Facility American Water CDM WA King County Duvall Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 159

L andsburg Water Treatment Plant Seattle Public Utilities City of Seattle* WA King County Maple Valley Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 52

South Treatment Plant Wastewater Treatment Div., King County, DNRP WA King County Renton Wastewater treatment Flammable Mixture 0.17 75

Cedar Water Treatment Facility Seattle Public Utilities WA King County Renton Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 4,827

West Point Treatment Plant Wastewater Treatment Div., King County, DNRP WA King County Seattle Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,620

Ponderay Newsprint Company WA Pend Oreille County Usk Pulp and paper Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 13.00 8,068

Fredrickson Power L P EPCOR USA Puget Sound Energy* WA Pierce County Tacoma Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.30 272

U.S. Oil & Refining Co. Astra West Coast Refining Inc. WA Pierce County Tacoma Petroleum refinery Butane 0.60 453

Pioneer Americas LLC T acoma B leach Plant Pioneer Companies, Inc. WA Pierce County Tacoma Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 1,025,185

JCI Jones Chemicals Inc. Tacoma, WA WA Pierce County Tacoma Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 1,082,492

Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company WA Skagit County Anacortes Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.50 498

Puget Sound Refinery Shell Oil Products US WA Skagit County Anacortes Petroleum refinery, elec. power, ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.50 544

Anacortes Water Treatment Plant City of Anacortes WA Skagit County Mount Vernon Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 9,457

Skagit PUD #1 Water Treatment Plant PUD #1 of Skagit County WA Skagit County Sedro Woolley Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 189

L ynn wood Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Lynnwood WA Snohomish County Edmonds Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,231

City of Spokane – Riverside Pk. Water Reclam. Facility WA Spokane County Spokane Wastewater treatment Methane 0.20 367

Wilbur–Ellis Company – Waverly WA Spokane County Waverly Chemical distribution Ammonia (anhydrous) 6.90 130,446

Mill Creek Water Treatment Plant City of Walla Walla WA Walla Walla County Walla Walla Water treatment Chlorine 0.80 333

B oise White Paper, L LC Boise Inc WA Walla Walla County Wallula Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 14.28 81,876

B ellingham Water Filtration Plant City of Bellingham Public Works WA Whatcom County Bellingham Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12,926

Post Point Wastewater Facility City of Bellingham Public Works WA Whatcom County Bellingham Wastewater treatment Chlorine 3.00 29,146

B P Cherry Point Refinery BP West Coast Products LLC WA Whatcom County Blaine Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 1.70 2,204

Praxair – Ferndale, WA Praxair, Inc. WA Whatcom County Ferndale Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.70 2,020

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 189 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population Tenaska Washington Partners, L P Tenaska Washington Partners, LP WA Whatcom County Ferndale Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.00 7,454

Phillips 66 Ferndale Refinery Phillips 66 Company WA Whatcom County Ferndale Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 14.00 144,524

B elmont Rail Siding Storage Facility Washington Idaho Railway Canexus U.S. Inc.* WA Whitman County Belmont Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 53,826

City of Pullman Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Pullman WA Whitman County Pullman Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,449

WIS CONSIN
OMNOVA Solutions Inc – Green B a y Facility OMNOVA Solutions Inc. WI Brown County Green Bay Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (conc.

* 20%) 2.20 11,373

3M Frenchtown Warehouse WI Crawford County Prairie du Chien Basic chemicals – ACC Isobutane 0.01 <10

Prairie du Chien – 3M Company WI Crawford County Prairie du Chien Basic chemicals – ACC Isobutane 0.01 <10

Hydrite Chemical Co. – Cottage Grove East Hydrite Chemical Co. WI Dane County Cottage Grove Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Epichlorohydrin 4.20 17,641

City of Superior Wastewater Div. of Public Works WI Douglas County Superior Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.90 13,570

Calumet Superior Refinery Calumet Specialty Products Partners, L.P. WI Douglas County Superior Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 22.00 172,365

Cascades Tissue Group – WI, Inc. Cascades, Inc. WI Eau Claire County Eau Claire Pulp and paper Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.10 69

Kenosha W ater Utility Wastewater Treatment Plant WI Kenosha County Kenosha Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 14,122

Kenosha W ater Utility Water Production Plant WI Kenosha County Kenosha Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 15,508

Pleasant Prairie Power Plant Wisconsin Energy Corporation Wisconsin Electric Power Co. d/b/a We Energies* WI Kenosha County Pleasant Prairie Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 2.90 23,875

Green B a y Water Utility WI Kewaunee County Town of Pierce Water treatment Chlorine 1.60 180

Manitowoc Public Utilities City of Manitowoc WI Manitowoc County Manitowoc Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 8,302

Manitowoc Wastewater Treatment Facility City of Manitowoc, Wisconsin WI Manitowoc County Manitowoc Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.60 19,021

L ignoTech USA, Inc. Borregaard Industries Limited WI Marathon County Rothschild Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Formaldehyde (solution) 0.10 40

ChemDesign Products, Inc. Specialty Chem Acquisition Corp WI Marinette County Marinette Specialty chemicals – SOCMA Methyl chloride 1.40 7,734

Ashland Hercules Water Technology– Milwaukee Plant Ashland Inc WI Milwaukee County Milwaukee Basic chemicals – ACC Epichlorohydrin 1.84 63,291

Palermo Villa, Inc., Milwaukee, WI WI Milwaukee County Milwaukee Ammonia refrigeration Ammonia (anhydrous) 2.00 115,558

Elm Road Generating Station Wisconsin Energy Corporation ERGS Supercritical, LLC* WI Milwaukee County Oak Creek Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 2.50 8,302

### 190

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

B renntag Great L akes, LLC – W

auwatosa Warehouse Brenntag North America Inc. WI Milwaukee County Wauwatosa Basic chemicals – ACC Toluene diisocyanate (unsp. isomer) 0.01 <10

Wausau Paper Specialty Products, L LC Wausau Paper WI Oneida County Rhinelander Pulp and paper Chlorine 1.30 2,959

WPSC– Fox Energy Center Wisconsin Public Service Corporation WI Outagamie County Kaukauna Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 81

On L ine Packaging, Inc. – Plover Plant WI Portage County Plover Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 14.00 84,275

Flambeau River Papers WI Price County Park Falls Pulp and paper Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 7.30 3,628

Oak Creek Power Plant Wisconsin Energy Corporation Wisconsin Electric Power Co. d/b/a We Energies* WI Racine County Oak Creek Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 1.50 3,320

Racine Water Utility Racine Water & Wastewater Utilities WI Racine County Racine Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 17,741

WP L– Riverside Energy Center Wisconsin Power and Light Company (WPL) Alliant Enegy* WI Rock County Beloit Electric power generation Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.40 65

Evonik Goldschmidt Corporation, Janesville Plant Evonik Industries AG WI Rock County Janesville Chemicals – ACC, SOCMA Ethylene oxide 9.90 100,330

A B ITEC Corporation North America Holdings, Inc. WI Rock County Janesville Chemical manufacturing Ethylene oxide 9.90 106,280

Air Products Performance Manufacturing Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. WI Rock County Milton Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 11.00 93,769

Momentive Specialty Chemicals, Inc. – Sheboygan Momentive Specialty Chemicals, Inc. WI Sheboygan County Sheboygan Basic chemicals – ACC Formaldehyde (solution) 0.61 2,506

Fox River Water Pollution Control Center City of Brookfield, Wisconsin WI Waukesha County Brookfield Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,248

B renntag Great L akes, LLC – Menomonee Falls Brenntag North America Inc. WI Waukesha County Menomonee Falls Basic chemicals – ACC Cyclohexylamine 0.10 28

Oshkosh Water Filtration Plant WI Winnebago County Oshkosh Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,417

Oshkosh Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Oshkosh WI Winnebago County Oshkosh Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 23,477

Hydrite Chemical Co. – Oshkosh Hydrite Chemical Co. WI Winnebago County Oshkosh Bleach manufacturing Chlorine 20.00 300,614

Nekoosa Mill – ClO2 Domtar A.W. LLC WI Wood County Nekoosa Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 2.90 5,205

E # uent Treatment Plant – Anhydrous Ammonia Domtar A.W. LLC WI Wood County Nekoosa Pulp and paper Ammonia (anhydrous) 5.40 22,589

ERCO Worldwide (USA) Inc. Superior Plus (US) Holdings, Inc. WI Wood County Nekoosa Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 25.00 128,130

NewPage – Water Quality Center NewPage Corporation WI Wood County Wisconsin Rapids Pulp and paper Ammonia (conc. * 20%) 0.08 <10

Wisconsin Rapids Mill – Fiber and Energy NewPage Corporation WI Wood County Wisconsin Rapids Pulp and paper Chlorine dioxide 3.80 17,479

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 191 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

W EST V IRGINIA

Weirton Area Water B oard WV Brooke County Weirton Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,690

West Virginia American Water – Huntington, WV WTP American Water WV Cabell County Huntington Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 11,729

West Virginia American Water – New River American Water Works Company WV Fayette County Beckwith Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 275

Mt. Storm Power Station Dominion Resources, Inc. WV Grant County Mt. Storm Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.97 152

ERGON–West Virginia, Inc. Ergon, Inc. WV Hancock County Newell Petroleum refinery Propane 0.47 209

Clarksburg Wastewater Treatment Plant Clarksburg Sanitary Board WV Harrison County Clarksburg Wastewater treatment Chlorine 0.90 2,517

Clarksburg Water B oard WV Harrison County Clarksburg Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 6,938

DuPont B elle Plant E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company WV Kanawha County Belle Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 25.00 263,722

West Virginia– American Water Kana wha Valley WTP WV Kanawha County Charleston Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 235

North Charleston Distribution Terminal, Union Carb The Dow Chemical Company WV Kanawha County Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Vinyl acetate
monomer 0.65 1,212

L yondell North Charleston Distribution Terminal WV Kanawha County Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene oxide 2.80 32,669

New Yard, Union Carbide Corporation The Dow Chemical Company WV Kanawha County Institute Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 4.20 46,044

Union Carbide Institute Plant The Dow Chemical Company WV Kanawha County Institute Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 5.40 67,653

Praxair – Marmet, WV Praxair, Inc. WV Kanawha County Marmet Basic chemicals – ACC Ammonia (anhydrous) 1.20 1,477

Technology Park, Union Carbide Corporation The Dow Chemical Company WV Kanawha County South Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.20 174

B a yer South Charleston, WV Plant Bayer Corporation WV Kanawha County South Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 1.70 12,457

South Charleston Plant, Union Carbide Corporation The Dow Chemical Company WV Kanawha County South Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 3.80 56,948

B a yer ACN Railcar at Dow Massey Railyard Bayer Corporation WV Kanawha County South Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 11.00 161,647

Clearon Corp. Israel Chemicals Limited (ICL) WV Kanawha County South Charleston Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 190,365

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. WV Kanawha County St. Albans Bleach manufacturing, ACC Chlorine 14.00 185,799

West Virginia– American Water Weston WTP WV Lewis County Weston Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 144

Fairmont Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Fairmont Sanitary Sewer Board WV Marion County Fairmont Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,728

Fairmont Water Treatment Plant WV Marion County Fairmont Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,937

B a yer MaterialScience LLC –New Martinsville, WV Site Bayer Corporation WV Marshall County New Martinsville Basic chemicals – ACC Ethylene oxide 1.80 656

### 192

# | WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population PPG Industries, Inc., Natrium PPG Industries, Inc. WV Marshall County New Martinsville Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 21.65 100,556

IC L–IP America Inc. – G allipolis Ferry Site ICL Performance Products Finance Inc. Israel Chemicals Limited* WV Mason County Gallipolis Ferry Basic chemicals – ACC Chlorine 14.00 41,983

Mountaineer Plant American Electric Power WV Mason County New Haven Electric power generation Chlorine 3.80 3,446

Princeton Wastewater Treatment Plant Princeton Sanitary Board WV Mercer County Princeton Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.00 3,596

Addivant USA, LLC – South Plant Addivant USA, LLC WV Monongalia County Morgantown Basic chemicals – ACC Phosphorus trichloride 0.40 357

Addivant USA, LLC. – North Plan t Addivant USA, LLC. WV Monongalia County Morgantown Basic chemicals – ACC Phosphorus trichloride 0.40 357

Morgantown Utility B oard Water Treatment Plant City of Morgantown WV Monongalia County Morgantown Water treatment Chlorine 1.60 8,573

City of Wheeling – Water Treatment Plant WV Ohio County Wheeling Water treatment Chlorine 2.10 11,252

City of Wheeling Water Pollution Control Facility WV Ohio County Wheeling Wastewater treatment Chlorine 1.80 11,924

B renntag Mid–South, Inc. Brenntag U.S.A. WV Putnam County Nitro Basic chemicals – ACC Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous) 16.00 210,021

B eckley Water Company (Sweeneysburg Plant) WV Raleigh County Beckley Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 4,735

B eckley Water Company (Glade Creek Plant) WV Raleigh County Shady Spring Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 4,557

Elkins Water Works City of Elkins WV Randolph County Elkins Water treatment Chlorine 5.40 757

West Virginia– American Water Mercer/Summers WTP WV Summers County True Water treatment Chlorine 3.00 859

MPM Silicones, LLC, Sis tersville WV Momentive Performance Materials, USA Inc. WV Tyler County Friendly Basic chemicals – ACC Methyltrichlorosilane 8.01 7,929

Water Filtration Plant City of Buckhannon WV Upshur County Buckhannon Water treatment Chlorine 5.40 13,916 Huntington Sanitary B oard Wastewater Treatment Plt WV Wayne County Huntington Wastewater treatment Chlorine 2.80 16,594

B raskem Americas Neal Plant Braskem Americas Neal Plant WV Wayne County Kenova Basic chemicals – ACC Propylene 0.49 153

Ashland Performance Materials Neal Plant Ashland Incorporated WV Wayne County Neal Basic chemicals – ACC Butane 0.49 148

SA B IC Innovative Plastics – Washington SABIC Innovative Plastics Holding US LP WV Wood County Washington Basic chemicals – ACC Acrylonitrile 3.00 5,428

DuPont Washington Works E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company WV Wood County Washington Basic chemicals – ACC Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous) 14.00 103,899

### WHO’S IN DANGER? RACE, POVE R TY , AND C HEMICAL D ISASTE R S

# | 193 Facility Name Parent Companies State County City Facility Type Chemical Vulnerability Zone Miles Vulnerability Zone Census Population

W Y OMING Dry F ork Station WY Campbell County Gillette Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.40 237

Pump Station #1 City of Gillette WY Campbell County Gillette Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 4,990

Neil Simpson Complex WyGen 1, WyGen 2, Wygen 3 Black Hills Power, Inc WY Campbell County Gillette Electric power generation Ammonia (anhydrous) 4.30 8,379

Sinclair Wyoming Refining Company Sinclair Oil Corporation WY Carbon County Sinclair Petroleum refinery Butane 1.40 <10

Madison Pump Station City of Gillette WY Crook County Moorcroft Water treatment Chlorine 1.30 12

Chemtrade Refinery Services Inc. – Riverton Chemtrade Logistics (US) Inc. WY Fremont County Riverton Basic chemicals – ACC Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric acid) 4.20 8,790

Sherard Water Treatment Plant Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities City of Cheyenne* WY Laramie County Cheyenne Water treatment Chlorine 2.20 64

Frontier Refining LLC HollyF rontier Corporation WY Laramie County Cheyenne Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 14.00 78,639

Sinclair Casper Refining Company Sinclair Oil Corporation WY Natrona County Evansville Petroleum refinery Butane 1.09 <10

B ig Goose Water Treatment Plant Sheridan Area Water Supply Joint Powers Board City of Sheridan, Wyoming* WY Sheridan County Sheridan Water treatment Chlorine 1.20 20

GR/RS/Sw Co. J.P.W. B . W ater Treatment Facility GR/RS/Sw Co. Joint Powers Water Board WY Sweetwater County Green River Water treatment Chlorine 0.90 12

Silver Eagle Refining, Inc. Silver Eagle Refining Inc. WY Uinta County Evanston Petroleum refinery Flammable Mixture 0.50 <10

Wyoming Refining Company Hermes Consolidated, Inc. WY Weston County Newcastle Petroleum refinery Hydrofluoric acid (conc. * 50%) 7.50 4,080