# United States Court of App eals F or the Se ven th C ir cu it Ch i cago ,I l l i nois 60 604 Subm i tte d J uly13 , 20 10 Deci ded J uly14, 20 10 B efo re IL A N A D IA M O N D R O V N E R, Cir cu i tJudg e D IA N E S. SY K E S, Cir cu i tJudg e JO H N D A N IE L T IN D E R, Cir cu i tJudg e N os. 09- 2428 & 09
- 2429 UNI T E D S T AT E S O F AME R I C A, P la intif f-A pp ellee, v. DR AKE NO L D T . NG UY E N , D e f e ndan t

-Appe l l ant . A pp eal s fro m the U ni ted S tat es Dist ri ct Cou r t f o rthe Ea st ern Di st r i cto fW i sc o ns i n. N os. 05
- CR
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- 163 C h ar les N . C lev er t, Jr., Chie f Judg e . O R D E R Drake nol d N guyen ple aded gui l ty to conspi ra cy to posse ss and dist ribute mar ij ua na, 2 1 U. S . C. § § 8 4 6 , 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) , a nd c o ns pi r a c y t o l a un de rthe p r o c e e ds , 1 8 U. S . C. § 1 956( a) , ( h). His ple a a gr eem ent r eso l ved i nd i ctm ents i n both the Eastern Dis tr i ct o f W i sco nsi n and the East er n Dis tr i ct o fM i chi gan, and i ncl ud es a waiv ero fN guyen’ s r i ght t o ap p eal his senten ce ex cep t w ith routin e exc ep tions n ot relevanthere. T he district cou rt i m posed co ncurr ent t er m s o f24 0 m onths’ i m pri sonm ent. Nguyen has fi l ed a no ti ce o f appe al, b uthi s appo i nt ed co uns ela r e unabl e to fi nd a no nfr i vo l o us b as i s f o rthe a ppea la nd ha ve m oved to w ithd raw un d er A nders v. Ca li forni a , 38 6 U.S . 73 8 ( 1967 ) . Nguyen opposes d ism iss al a n d m ov es th is c ou rtto ap p oin t n ew co u n se l. SeeC IR . R. 5 1(b) . We c o nfi ne o ur NONP RE C E DE NT I AL DI S PO S I T I ON To b e ci te d o nl y i n a cc o r dan ce wi th Fe d . R. A p p . P. 32 .1N os. 09
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review to the p oten tial issues outlined i n cou ns el’ s facial ly ad eq ua te brief an d N gu yen ’s re sp on se . See U ni t e d S t at e s v. Schuh , 289 F.3d 968 , 973-74 (7th C ir. 2002). N guyen now co ntends thathi s guil ty ple as w er e invol untary . Accordi ngl y, co unsel firs t a d d re ss w h et h er th er e is an y b as is t o a rg u e th atth e p lea s s h ou ld be se t a sid e. Se eU ni t e d S t at e s v. Knox, 28 7 F . 3d 667, 67 1- 72 ( 7th Ci r. 20 02) . In the dist ri ct c ourtN guyen did notse ek to w i thdraw his ple as; ther ef or e, we w oul d exam i ne the pl ea col l oquy o nl y for p lain err or . U ni t e d S t at e s v. Vonn , 535 U .S. 55 , 59 (2 00 2); U nite d States v. G ri ff in , 52 1 F . 3d 727, 73 0 ( 7th Ci r . 2 00 8) . Rul e 11 o fthe F ede r alRul es o fCr i m i na lPr o ce dur e det ai l s th e proce du re s that a di str i ct c ourtm ust fol l ow w hen a defe nd ant wis hes t o ple ad gui l ty. F ED . R. C RIM . P. 11 (b )(1) ; U ni t e d S t at e s v. Pol ak, 57 3 F . 3d 428, 43 1 ( 7th Ci r. 20 09) . I fthe dist ri ct co ur t o m i ts a n a dm o ni sh m en t r equi r ed byRul e 11 , “ th e defen dan t m us t sh o w w hy the om i ssi on m ade a differ ence to hi m . ” U nited Sta tes v. Sura , 511 F.3d 654 , 662 (7th C ir. 2007). N g uy en ’ s l awy er s co untf o uro m i ss i o ns i n the c ha ng e- o f
- pl eac o l l o quy . Acc o r di ng to counsel, the dist ri ct c ourtdi d not info rm N guyen that ( 1) he c oul d be o rder ed to pay re st itu tio n or to forfe it p ro p er ty , (2) h e re ta in ed th e rig h t t o p lea d n otgu ilty , (3) h e c ou ld have cour t- appoint ed counsel, and ( 4) he woul d w ai ve hi s r i ght t o confro nt witnes ses by p lea d in g g u ilty . SeeF ED . R. C RIM . P. 11 (b )(1) (J), (K ), (B ), (D ). B u t c ou n se l are m ist ak en . R es tit u tio nan d forfe itu re w er e n otiss u es in t h e p ro se c u tio n, so th e d ist ric t c ou rtp ro p er ly sa id n ot h in g a b ou t e ith er . Cf. U ni t e d S t at e s v. Fo x , 9 41 F . 2d 48 0, 4 84 ( 7th Ci r . 1 99 1) . And the cour t di d tel lN guyen that he co uld per si st w i th hi s pl ea ofnotgui l ty and had the r i ght t o co uns el . T he c o ur t al so de sc r ibe d the s te ps i n a t r i al

— i nc l udi ngc r o ss - ex ami na ti o n o fthe gov er nm ent’ s witnesse s— and w ar ned N guyen that he would “nothave a tr i alsuch a s I ’ ve des cr ibe d” i fhe pl ea ded g ui l ty . Mor eo ve r, pa r ag r aph3 1 o fthe pl eaa g r ee m en t l i st s th e tr i alr i ghts that N guyen w oul d gi ve up bypl eadi ng guil ty, i ncl ud ing the r i ght t o confro ntati on, and duri ng the pl ea col l oquy the co urt speci fi cal l y dre w N guyen’ s a tte nti on to that parag ra ph. A l lo fthatwas enough t o sat i sfy the st andard ofsubst anti alco m pli ance w ith R u le 1 1. See U nited Sta tes v. M a eder, 326 F.3d 892 , 893 (7th C ir. 2003); U ni t e d S t at e s v. B lalock, 321 F.3d 686 , 688 (7th C ir. 2003). I n hi s Rul e 5 1(b) r esponse , N guyen conte nd s that hi s guil ty ple as l acke d a f actual b as is. B u t a t th e c h an ge -of-p lea co lloq u y, N gu ye n te st ified u n d er oa th atlen gt h ab ou t h is i nv o l v e men ti n a c o ns pi r a c y t o di s t r ib ut e ma r ij ua na a nd l a un de rthe drugp r o c e e ds thro ugh Canada. Thus, thi s a rgum ent woul d be fri vol ous b ecause hi s t est i m ony w as en ou gh to sa tis fy th e d ist ric t c ou rtth atth er e is a fac tu al b as is for th e g u ilty p lea s. SeeF ED . R. C RIM . P. 11 (b )(3) ; Sc huh , 28 9 F . 3d at 975.N os. 09
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N guyen al so ass er ts that the g ove rnm ent r endered hi s guil ty ple as i nvol untaryby no t i nf o r m i ngthe di st r i ctc o ur t o fthe na tu r e an d e xt en t o fhi s co o per at i o n a nd b y v i o l at i ng a purpor ted ag re em ent t o l i m i t hi s pri son sente nce t o ten y ear s. The pl ea agr eem ent doe s not i ncl ud e a ny te rm l i m i ti ng the l ength ofN guyen’ s pri son sente nce, and duri ng the pl ea col l oquy he ass ured the di str i ct c ourtthatno prom i ses had bee n m ade to hi m bey ond w hat i s i n the wri tt ena g r ee m en t. Any a r g um en t th athi s pr i so n s en te nc e i s l o ng ertha n wha t he w as prom i sed i s thus bey ond the s cope o fthi s di re ct a pp eal, and eve n i n a pos t- convi cti on pr o ce eding, Nguy enwi l lf ac e a pr es um pti o n tha t hi s st at ement s to the c o ur t dur i ngthe c olloq u y w er e t ru th fu l. See Su ra , 511 F.3d at66 2; U nited Sta tes v. Stew a rt, 19 8 F . 3d 984, 98 7 ( 7th Ci r . 1 99 9) . As f o rc o o per at i o n, Nguy eni s co r r ec t th atunde rthe pl eaa g r ee m en t th e go ve rn m en t p ro m ise d to ad vis e th e d ist ric t c ou rtof th e n at u re an d ex te n t o f h is co o per at i o n. Butthe r e i s no e vi den ce i n the r ec o r d tha t N g uy enha d c o o per at ed wi ththe go ve rn m en t in its inv es tig at ion of h is c as e o r an y re lat ed m at te r, n or d oe s N gu ye n as se rtin h is R u le 5 1(b ) res p on se th ath e c oo p er at ed . See U nited Sta tes v. Jon es , 20 9 F . 3d 991, 99 7- 98 (7th C ir. 2000). F i na l l y, Nguy ena ss er ts tha t th e l awy erwho ne g o ti at ed th e pl eaa g r ee m en t provi ded i neffecti ve ass i sta nce though he does not expla i n how hi s l aw yer ’ s per f or m ance w as defi ci ent. A cl ai m o fi neffecti ve ass i sta nce i s be st ra i sed o n col l ate ra lr evi ew wh er e a c om p let e re c or d ca nbe d ev elo p ed . M a ssaro v. U nited Sta tes , 538 U . S. 500, 504-05 (2003 ); U nite d States v. Harris , 394 F.3d 54 3, 55 7-5 8 (7 th C ir. 20 05 ). N gu ye n ’s p lea ag re em en t in c lu d es an u n am b igu ou s w aiv er of h is rig h t t o a p p ea l his s e n t e n c e . A na p p e a lwa i v e rs t a n d s o rf a l l s wi th th e p l e a a g r e e me n t, a n d b e c a u s e we c on c lu d e th atan y c h alle n ge to N gu ye n ’s g u ilty p lea s w ou ld be frivo lou s, th e w aiv er is en for c ea b le. See N un ez v . U nited Sta tes , 546 F.3d 45 0, 45 3 (7 th C ir. 20 08 ); U ni t e d S t at e s v. Lin der, 530 F.3d 556 , 561 (7th C ir. 2008). A c c or d in gly , w e G R A N T co u n se l’s m ot ion to w ith d ra w an d D ISM ISS th e a p p ea ls. W e D E N Y N gu ye n ’s m ot ion for a p p oin tm en t o f n ew co u n se l.