APPENDIX A-4 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 
TABLE A-4
 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 

Compound CAS No. Target Organ Critical Effect 

Acenaphthene 83-32-9 Liver Hepatotoxicity 

Acetone 67-64-1 Liver Increased liver weights 

Kidney Increased kidney weights and nephrotoxicity 

Acetonitrile 75-05-8 Blood Decreased red blood cell counts and hematocrit 

Liver Hepatic lesions 

Acetophenone 98-86-2 General General toxicity 

Acrolein 107-02-8 -- No adverse effects observed 

Acrylonitrile 107-13-1 Reproductive Decreased sperm counts, seminiferous tubule 

degeneration 

Aldrin 309-00-2 Liver Hepatotoxicity 

Ammonia 7664-41-7 Sensory Decreased taste threshold 

Anthracene 120-12-7 -- No observed effects 

Antimony 7440-36-0 Blood Blood glucose and cholesterol, decreased longevity 

Aroclor 1016 12674-11-2 Reproductive system Decreased birth weights 

Aroclor 1254 11097-69-1 Eye Ocular exudate, inflamed and prominent meibomian 

glands 

General toxicity Distorted growth of fingers and toenails 

Immune system Decreased amtibody (IgM and IgG) response to sheep 

erythrocytes 

Arsenic, inorganic 7440-38-2 Skin Hyperpigmentation, keratosis, and possible vascular 

complications 

Barium 7440-39-3 Blood pressure Increased blood pressure 

Benzaldehyde 100-52-7 Gastrointestinal Forestomach lesions 

Kidney Kidney toxicity 

Benzidine 92-87-5 Liver Liver cell alterations in females 

Nervous system Brain cell vacuolization 

Benzoic acid 65-85-0 -- No observed effects 

Beryllium 7440-41-7 -- No adverse effects observed 

Biphenyl, 1,1- 92-52-4 Kidney Kidney damage 

bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate 117-81-7 Liver Increased relative liver weight 

bis(Chloromethyl)ether 542-88-1 -- No observed effects 

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 Kidney Renal cytomegaly 

Bromoform 75-25-2 Liver Hepatic lesions 

Butyl benzyl phthalate 85-68-7 Liver Significantly increased liver-to-body weight and 

liver-to-brain weight ratios 

A-4-1 
RCRA Delisting Technical Support Background Document 

Appendix A-4 December 1998 

TABLE A-4 (Continued)
 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 

(Page 2 of 8)
 

Compound CAS No. Target Organ Critical Effect 

Cadmium 7440-43-9 Kidney Significant proteinuria 

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 Reproductive Fetal toxicity and malformations 

Chlordane 57-74-9 Liver Hepatocyte regeneration 

Chlorine 7782-50-5 -- No observed effects 

Chloroaniline, 4- 106-47-8 Spleen Nonneoplastic lesions of the splenic capsule 

Chlorobenzene 

Chlorobenzilate 

108-90-7 

510-15-6 

Liver 

Gastrointestinal 

Histopathologic changes in liver 

Decreased stool quantity, food consumption, and 

body weight 

Nervous system Hyperirritability 

Chloroform 67-66-3 Liver Fatty cyst formation in liver 

Chloronaphthalene, 2- 91-58-7 Respiratory Dyspnea, abnormal appearance, liver enlargement 

Chlorophenol, 2- 95-57-8 Reproductive Reproductive effects 

Chlorotoluene, o- 95-49-8 Body weight Decrease in body weight gain 

Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 Blood Decreased plasma cholinesterase activity 

Chromium 7440-47-3 -- No observed effects 

Chromium VI 18540-29-9 -- No observed effects 

Cresol, o-(2-methylphenol) 95-48-7 Body weight Decreased body weights 

Nervous system Neurotoxicity 

Cresol, p- 106-44-5 Whole body Maternal death 

Nervous system Hypoactivity 

Respiratory Respiratory distress 

Cumene 98-82-8 Kidney Increased average kidney weight 

Cyanide 57-12-5 -- No observed effects 

Cyanogen 460-19-5 Body weight Weight loss 

Nervous system Myelin degeneration 

Thyroid Thyroid effects 

Cyanogen bromide 506-68-3 Body weight Weight loss 

Nervous system Myelin degeneration 

Thyroid Thyroid effects 

Cyanogen chloride 506-77-4 Body weight Weight loss 

Neutroxicity Myelin degeneration 

Thyroid Thyroid effects 

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RCRA Delisting Technical Support Background Document 

Appendix A-4 December 1998 

TABLE A-4 (Continued)
 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 

(Page 3 of 8)
 

Compound CAS No. Target Organ Critical Effect 

DDT, 4,4'- 50-29-3 Liver Liver lesions 

Demeton 8065-48-3 Nervous system Cholinesterase inhibition 

Eye Optic nerve degeneration 

Diazinon 333-41-5 Blood Decreased cholinesterase activity 

Dibromochloromethane 124-48-1 Liver Hepatic lesions 

Dibromoethane, 1,2- 106-93-4 Reproductive system Spermatogenic effects 

Dibutyl phthalate 84-74-2 Death Increased mortality 

Dichlorobenzene, o- 95-50-1 -- No adverse effects observed 

Dichlorodifluoromethane 

(CFC-12) 

75-71-8 Body weight Reduced body weight 

Dichloroethane, 1,1- 75-34-3 -- No observed adverse effects (route-to-route 

extrapolation) 

Dichloroethene, 1,1- 75-35-4 Liver Hepatic lesions 

Dichloroethene, trans-1,2- 156-60-5 Blood Increased serum alkaline phosphatase in male mice 

Dichloroethylene, cis-1,2- 156-59-2 Organ weight Increased organ weight 

Respiratory hypertrophy/hyperplasia of the nasal respiratory 

epithelium 

Dichlorophenol, 2,4- 120-83-2 Immunotoxicity Decreased delayed hypersensitivity response 

Dichlorophenoxyacetic 94-75-7 Blood Hematologic toxicity 

acid, 2,4-

(2,4-D acid) Kidney Hepatic toxicity 

Liver Renal toxicity 

Dichloropropene, 1,3- 542-75-6 Organ weights Increased organ weights 

Dichlorvos 62-73-7 Nervous system Brain cholinesterase inhibition 

Blood Plasma red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition 

Dieldrin 60-57-1 Liver Liver lesions 

Diethyl phthalate 84-66-2 Body weight Decreased growth rate and food consumption 

Organ weight Altered organ weights 

Dimethylphenol, 2,4- 105-67-9 General toxicity Lethargy, prostration, ataxia, 

Blood Hematological changes 

Dimethylphthalate 131-11-3 Kidney Kidney effects 

Dinitrobenzene, 1,2- 528-29-0 Spleen Increased spleen weight 

Dinitrobenzene, 1,3- 99-65-0 Spleen Increased spleen weight 

Dinitrobenzene, 1,4- 100-25-4 Spleen Increased spleen weight 

A-4-3 
RCRA Delisting Technical Support Background Document 

Appendix A-4 December 1998 

TABLE A-4 (Continued)
 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 

(Page 4 of 8)
 

Compound CAS No. Target Organ Critical Effect 

Dinitro-o-cyclohexyl 

phenol, 4,6-

131-89-5 Eye Cataract formation 

Dinitrophenol, 2,4- 51-28-5 Eye Cataract formation 

Dinitrotoluene, 2,4- 121-14-2 Gastrointestinal Heinze bodies and biliary tract hyperplasia 

Nervous system Neurotoxicity 

Dinitrotoluene, 2,6- 606-20-2 Death Decreased survival 

Blood Heinze bodies, methemoglobinemia 

Gastrointestinal Hyperplasia of the bile duct 

Kidney Histopathologic changes in the kidney 

Nervous system Neurotoxic effects 

Di-n-octyl phthalate 117-84-0 Kidney Increased kidney weight 

Liver Increased liver weight; increased SGOT and SGPT 

activity 

Diphenylamine 122-39-4 Body weight Decreased body weight gain 

Kidney Increased kidney weight 

Liver 

Eye 

Increased liver weights 

Disulfoton 298-04-4 Optic nerve degeneration 

Nervous system Cholinesterase inhibition 

Endosulfan I 115-29-7 Body weight Decrease in body weight gain 

Nervous system Neurotoxicity 

Kidney Marked progressive glomerulonephrosis and blood 

vessel anurysms in males 

Endothall 145-73-3 Gastrointestinal Increased absolute and relative weights of stomach 

and small intestine 

Endrin 72-20-8 Nervous system Occasional convulsions 

Liver Mild histological lesions 

Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8 Kidney Kidney lesions (route-to-route extrapolation) 

Ethoxyethanol, 2- 110-80-5 Body weight Decreased body weight 

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 Kidney Kidney toxicity 

Liver Liver toxicity 

Ethylene glycol 107-21-1 Kidney Kidney toxicity 

Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7 Thyroid Increased incidence of thyroid hyperplasia 

Ethylmethacrylate 97-63-2 Kidney Increased relative weight of the kidney 

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RCRA Delisting Technical Support Background Document 

Appendix A-4 December 1998 

TABLE A-4 (Continued)
 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 

(Page 5 of 8)
 

Compound CAS No. Target Organ Critical Effect 

Fluoranthene 206-44-0 Blood Hematological alterations and clinical effects 

Kidney Nephropathy 

Liver Increased liver weights 

Fluorene 86-73-7 Blood Decreased red blood cell count, packed cell volume 

and hemoglobin 

Formaldehyde 50-00-0 Body weight Reduced weight gain, histopathology in rats 

Formic acid 64-18-6 Body weight Decreased growth rate 

Freon 113 76-13-1 Nervous system Psychomotor impairment 

Furan 110-00-9 Liver Hepatic lesions 

Furfural 98-01-1 Liver Mild hepatocellular vacuolization 

Glycidaldehyde 765-34-4 Adrenal Enlarged adrenals 

Blood Hydropic renal pelvis and hematopoietic effects 

Body weight Retarded weight gain 

Heptachlor 76-44-8 Liver Liver weight increases in males only 

Heptachlor epoxide 1024-57-3 Liver Increased liver-to-body weight ratio 

Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 Liver Liver effects 

Hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3 Kidney Renal tubules regeneration 

Hexachlorocyclopenta 

diene 

77-47-4 Gastrointestinal Stomach lesions 

Hexachloroethane 

Hexachlorophene 

67-72-1 

70-30-4 

Kidney 

Salivary gland 

Atrophy and degeneration of renal tubules 

Swollen 

Brain and optic nerve Status spongiosis 

Hexane, n- 110-54-3 Nervous system Neuropathy 

Respiratory Epithilial lesions in the nasal cavity 

Isophorone 78-59-1 Kidney Kidney pathology 

Malathione 121-75-5 Blood Red blood cell cholinesterase depression 

Maleic hydrazide 123-33-1 Kidney Renal dysfunction 

Malononitrile 109-77-3 Liver Liver effects 

Spleen Spleen effects 

Manganese 7439-96-5 Nervous system Central nervous system effects 

Mercuric chloride 7787-94-7 Immune system Autoimmune effects 

Mercury (inorganic) 7439-97-6 Nervous system Neurotoxicity 

Merphos 150-50-5 Nervous system Ataxia and delayed neurotoxicity 

A-4-5 
RCRA Delisting Technical Support Background Document 

Appendix A-4 December 1998 

TABLE A-4 (Continued)
 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 

(Page 6 of 8)
 

Compound CAS No. Target Organ Critical Effect 

Wholebody Decreased body weight 

Methacrylonitrile 126-98-7 Liver Increased SGOT and SGPT levels 

Methanol 67-56-1 Nervous system Brain cholinesterase inhibition 

Blood Plasma red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition 

Methoxychlor 72-43-5 Reproductive Excessive loss of litter 

Methoxyethanol, 2- 109-86-4 Reproductive Testicular effects (route-to-route extrapolation) 

Methyl acetate 79-20-9 Liver Increased alkaline phosphatase and increased SGPT 

Methyl bromide 74-83-9 Gastrointestinal Epithelial hyperplasia of the forestomach 

Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93-3 Reproductive Decreased fetal birth weight 

Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1 Kidney Increased urinary protein 

Liver Increased absolute and relative weights of the liver 

Nervous system Lethargy 

Methyl mercury 22967-92-6 Nervous system Developmental neurological abnormalities in human 

infants 

Methyl parathione 298-00-0 Blood Red blood cell cholinesterase inhibition,reduced 

hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells 

Methyl styrene (mixed 

isomers) 

25013-15-4 Respiratory Nasal cavity lesions (route-to-route extrapolation) 

Methylene bromide 74-95-3 Blood Increased carboxyhemoglobin (route-to-route 

extrapolation) 

Methylene chloride 75-09-2 Liver Liver toxicity 

Methylphenol, 108-39-4 Body weight Decreased body weights 

3-(m-Cresol) Nervous system Neurotoxicity 

Naled 300-76-5 Nervous system Brain cholinesterase inhibition 

Nickel, soluble salts 7440-02-0 Body weight Decreased body weight 

Organ weight Decreased organ weights 

Nitroaniline, 2-

Nitrobenzene 

88-74-4 

98-95-3 

Blood 

Adrenal 

Hematological effects 

Adrenal lesions 

Blood Hemolytic anemia 

Liver Renal lesions 

Renal Hepatic lesions 

N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine 621-64-7 -- No observed adverse effects 

Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5 Kidney Kidney toxicity 

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Appendix A-4 December 1998 

TABLE A-4 (Continued)
 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 

(Page 7 of 8)
 

Compound CAS No. Target Organ Critical Effect 

Liver Liver toxicity 

Pentachloronitrobenzene 82-68-8 Liver Hepatotoxicity 

Pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 Kidney Kidney pathology 

Liver Liver pathology 

Phenol 108-95-2 Reproductive Reduced fetal body weight in rats 

Phorate 298-02-2 Nervous system Cholinesterase inhibition 

Phthalic anhydride 85-44-9 Kidney Histopathology 

Respiratory Lung damage 

Pronamide 23950-58-5 -- No observed effects 

Propargyl alcohol 107-19-7 Kidney Hepatotoxicity 

Liver Renal toxicity 

Propylene glycol 107-98-2 Kidney Histopathologic changes of the kidney 

monomethyl ether Liver Histopathologic changes of the liver 

Pyrene 129-00-0 Kidney Renal tubular pathology and decreased kidney 

weights 

Pyridine 110-86-1 Liver Increased liver weight 

Ronnel 299-84-3 Liver Liver effects 

Selenium 7782-49-2 Respiratory Clinical selenosis 

Silver 7440-22-4 Skin Argyria 

Strychnine and salts 57-24-9 General Toxicity and histopathology 

Styrene 100-42-5 Blood Red blood cell effects 

Liver Liver effects 

Tetrachlorobenzene, 

1,2,4,5-

95-94-3 Kidney Kidney lesions 

Tetrachloroethane 

(carbon tetrachloride) 

56-23-5 Liver Liver lesions 

Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2- 630-20-6 Kidney Mineralization of the kidneys in males 

Liver Hepatic clear cell changes in females 

Tetrachloroethene 127-18-4 Liver Hepatotoxicity in mice, weight gain in rats 

Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6- 58-90-2 Liver Increased liver weight and centrilobular hypertrophy 

Thallium 7440-28-0 Liver Increased levels of SGOT and LDH 

Toluene 108-88-3 Kidney Changes in kidney weights 

Liver Changes in liver weights 

A-4-7 
 

RCRA Delisting Technical Support Background Document 

Appendix A-4 December 1998 

TABLE A-4 (Continued)
 

TARGET ORGANS AND CRITICAL EFFECTS
 

FOR COMPOUNDS WITH REFERENCE DOSE VALUES
 

(Page 8 of 8)
 

Compound CAS No. Target Organ Critical Effect 

Toluene-2,6-diamine 823-40-5 -- No adverse effects observed 

Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4- 120-82-1 Adrenal Increased adrenal weights; vacuolation of zona 

fasciculate in the cortex 

Trichloroethane, 1,1,2- 79-00-5 Blood Clinical serum chemistry 

Trichlorofluoramethane 75-69-4 Death Decreased survival 

(Freon 11) General Histopathology 

Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5- 95-95-4 Kidney Kidney pathology 

Liver Liver pathology 

Trichloropropane, 1,2,3- 96-18-4 Blood Alterations in clinical chemistry and reduction in red 

cell mass 

Trinitrobenzene, sym- 99-35-4 Spleen Increased spleen weight 

Trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6- 118-96-7 Liver Liver effects 

Vinyl acetate 108-05-4 Body weight Decreased body weight 

Kidney Altered kidney weight 

Xylenes 1330-20-7 Death Increased mortality 

Body weight Decreased body weight 

Nervous system Hyperactivity 

Xylene, m- 108-38-3 Death Increase mortality 

Body weight Decreased body weight 

Nervous system Hyperactivity 

Xylene, o- 95-47-6 Nervous system Hyperactivity 

Zinc 7440-66-6 Blood 47% decrease in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase 

concentration in females 

Note: 

Target organ and critical effect information presented in this table is intended only to provide the 

information needed to break down calculated hazard quotients for various chemicals, based on the 

target organs that they affect. The information is intended to be neither (1) an exhaustive list of the 

potential toxic effects of a compound, or (2) an indication that toxicological studies for a substance 

are inadequate because the target organ or critical effect for each particular substance is limited to one 

or two reported health effects. The noncancer reference dose (RfD) for ingestion exposure, or the 

reference concentration (RfC) for inhalation exposures, is generally based on the experimental dose 

that produces no adverse effects in the most sensitive laboratory animal tested (referred to as the 

no-observed-adverse effects-level [NOAEL]). If all of the doses used in experimental studies produce 

some effect, the lowest dose at which an adverse effect is observed (referred to as the 

lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level) is used to determine the RfD or RfC. Both uncertainty factors 

and modifying factors are included in the calculation of RfDs to ensure that these values are protective 

of human health (see Appendix A-3) (U.S. EPA 1988). 

A-4-8 
 

RCRA Delisting Technical Support Background Document 

Appendix A-4 December 1998 

References: 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1988. Background Document—RfD Description and 

Use in Health Risk Assessments. 

U.S.EPA. 1995. “Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables.”Fiscal Year-1995 Annual. Office of 

Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, D.C. EPA/540/R-95/036. May. 

U.S.EPA. 1997. Intergrated Risk Information System. December. 

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