Attachment 2 

Complete Copy of the Amendments to the 2004 

Extreme Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised October 20. 2005 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... v 

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... vi . . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ VJI 

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1 

1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS PLAN ....................................................................... 1-1 

1.2 REGULATORY ASPECTS ........................................................................ 1-2 

1.2.1 Attainment Classification .............................................................. 1-2 

1.2.2 Agency Responsibilities ............................................................... 1-3 

1.2.3 Sanctions, FIP and penalties ........................................................ 1-4 

1.2.4 Conformity .................................................................................... 1-4 

1.3 SJVAB PLANNING HISTORY ................................................................... 1-5 

1.4 SERIOUS AREA REQUIREMENTS .......................................................... 1-8 

1.5 PLAN DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................. 1-10 

1.5.1 . Process ................................................................................... 1210 

1.5.2 Schedule ...................................................................................... 1-11 

1.5.3 Content ........................................................................................ 1-11 

2 SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY AIR QUALITY ............................................................. 2-1 

2.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 2.1 

2.2 AIR QUAI-ITY DETERMINANTS IN THE SJVAB ...................................... 2-2 

2.2.1 General ........................................................................................ 2-2 

2.2.2 Geography and Topography ........................................................ 2-2 

2.2.3 Climate ......................................................................................... 2-3 

2.2.4 Ozone Transport .......................................................................... 2-6 

2.2.5 Population .................................................................................... 2-7 

2.2.6 Development Patterns .................................................................. 2-8 

2.3 OZONE ...................................................................................................... 2-9 

2.3.1 Background .................................................................................. 2-9 

2.3.2 Adverse Effects ........................................................................... -2-9 

2.3.3 Precursors and Formations .......................................................... 2-11 

2.3.4 Design Value Determinations from Ozone Levels ........................ 2-12 

2.3.5 Area Classification for the One (1)-Hour Ozone Standard ........... 2-13 

2.3.6 One (1)-Hour Ozone Exceedance Trends .................................... 2-13 

2.3.7 Status of Federal 8-Hour Standard .............................................. 2-15 

2.4 OZONE MONITORING ............................................................................. 2-16 

2.4.1 Monitoring Network ....................................................................... 2-16 

2.4.2 Other Ozone Monitoring ............................................................... 2-18 

2.4.3 Conclusion ................................................................................... 2-26 

SJVUA PCD .Table of Contents 

I 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised October 20. 2005 

2.5 OTHER POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN IN THE SAN JOAQUIN 

VALLEY ..................................................................................................... 2.26 

2.5.1 Particulate Matter ......................................................................... 2-26 

2.5.2 Carbon Monoxide ......................................................................... 2-28 

2.5.3 Toxic Air Pollutants ...................................................................... 2-28 

2.6 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 2-29 

3 EMISSIONS INVENTORY ................................................................................... 3-1 

3.1 IN-TRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3-1 

3.2 INVENTORY TYPES ................................................................................. 3-1 

3.2.1 Modeling Inventory ....................................................................... 3-1 

3.2.2 Planning Inventory ....................................................................... 3-3 

3.2.3 Data Sources and Accuracy ......................................................... 3-3 

3.2.4 Emission Source Types ............................................................... 3-4 

3.3 BASELINE YEAR EMISSIONS ................................................................. 3-6 

3.4 FUTURE INVENTORIES ........................................................................... 3-12 

3.4.1 Growth Factors ........................................................................... 3-12 

3.4.2 Control Factors ............................................................................. 3-13 

3.4.3 Inclusion of Emission Reduction Credits ...................................... 3-13 

3.5 CONFORMITY BUDGETS ........................................................................ 3-23 

3.6 EMISSIONS INVENTORY UNCERTAIN-I-IES ........................................... 3-24 

3.7 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 3-25 

4 CONTROL STRATEGY ....................................................................................... 4-1 

4.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 4-1 

4.2 DISTRICT RULE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE ....................................... 4-1 

4.2.1 District Control Measures ............................................................. 4-4 

4.2.2 Control Measures Table ............................................................... 4-5 

4.2.3 2004-2007 Control Measures ....................................................... 4-8 

4.2.4 Potential Control Measures Requiring Further Study ................... 4-28 

4.2.5 Reasonably Available Control Technologies ................................ 4-35 

4.2.6 Clean Fuels or Advanced Control Technologies .......................... 4-37 

4.3 FUTURE STUDY MEASURES .................................................................. 4-37 

4.3.1 Mobile Source Measures ............................................................. 4-38 

4.3.2 Other Sources ............................................................................. 4-39 

4.3.3 Sustainable Incentives ................................................................. 4-40 

4.4 DISTRICT INCENTIVE PROGRAMS ........................................................ 4-41 

4.4.1 Heavy-Duty Engine Incentive Program ........................................ 4-42 

4.4.2 Electric Lawn Mower Incentives ................................................... 4-42 

4.4.3 Future Programs .......................................................................... 4-43 

SJVUA PCD Table of Contents 

II 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised October 20. 2005 

4.5 PUBLIC EDUCATION ............................................................................... 4-43 

4.5.1 Outreach Program ........................................................................ 4-44 

4.5.2 District Publications ...................................................................... 4-45 

4.5.3 Youth Education ........................................................................... 4-45 

4.5.4 EventsIActivities ........................................................................... 4-46 

4.6 OVERVIEWOFREGIONALTPARACM .................................................. 4-46 

4.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 4-46 

4.6.2 Overview of existing measures .................................................... 4-47 

4.6.3 Suggested measures ................................................................... 4-50 

4.6.4 Adopted measures ....................................................................... 4-51 

4.6.5 Public Participation ....................................................................... 4-51 

4.7 STATE EMISSION REDUCTIONS FOR THE SJVAB ............................... 4-53 

4.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 4-53 

4.7.2 Current Implementation Status ..................................................... 4-54 

4.7.3 ARB Commitments for Extreme OADP for SJVAB ....................... 4-55 

4.8 CON1-INGENCY MEASURES ................................................................... 4-57 

4.9 LONG-TERM MEASURES ..................... ; .................................................. 4-58 

5 FUTURE OZONE AIR QUALITY ......................................................................... 5-1 

5.1 INTRODUCTION & SUMMARY .............................................................. 5-1 

5.2 PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................... 5-1 

5.3 MODEL CHOICE ....................................................................................... 5-1 

5.4 MODEL BASE CASE ................................................................................ 5-2 

5.5 FUTURE YEAR PROJECTIONS ............................................................... 5-5 

5.6 ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION ........................................................... 5-9 

5.7 MODELING CAVEATS AND FUTURE WORK .......................................... 5-13 

6 OUTREACH ......................................................................................................... 6-1 

6.1 IN-rRODUC1-ION ....................................................................................... 6-1 

6.2 PRE-DRAFT PLAN WORKSHOPS ........................................................... 6-1 

6.3 CITIZEN'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE ....................................................... 6-2 

6.4 DISTRICT GOVERNING BOARD ............................................................. 6-2 

6.5 WEB SITE POSTINGS .............................................................................. 6-3 

6.6 STUDY AGENCY ...................................................................................... 6-3 

6.7 DRAFT EXTREME OADP ......................................................................... 6-3 

6.8 PROPOSED EXTREME OADP ................................................................. 6-4 

7 RATE OF PROGRESS (ROP) DEMONSTRATION ............................................. 7-1 

7.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 7-1 

7.2 1990 RATE OF PROGRESS BASELINE INVENTORIES ......................... 7-1 

7.3 FUTURE YEAR (2008 AND 2010) INVENTORIES ................................... 7-3 

7.4 1990-2008 MILESTONE (51 PERCENT) DEMONSTRA1-ION .................. 7-3 

7.4.1 Required 51 Percent Reduction for 2008 ..................................... 7-4 

7.4.2 2008 Rate of Progress Demonstration ......................................... 7-4 

SJVUAPCD Table of Contents ... 

111 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised October 20. 2005 

7.5 1990-2010 MILESTONE (57 PERCENT) DEMONSTRATION .................. 7-6 

7.5.1 Required57PercentReductionfor2010 ..................................... 7-6 

7.5.2 201 0 Rate of Progress ................................................................. 7-9 

7.6 PRIOR ROP & MILESTONE COMPLIANCE DEMONSTRATION 7-13 ............ 

7.6.1 Prior ROP .................................................................................... 7-13 

7.6.2 Milestone Compliance Demonstration ......................................... 7-15 

7.7 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 7-16 

8 CALIFORNIA CLEAN AIR ACT TRIENNIAL PROGRESS REPORT AND 

PLAN REVISION ................................................................................................. 8-1 

8.1 IN-TRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 8-1 

8.1.1 Attainment Demonstration ............................................................ 8-2 

8.1.2 Air Basin Description .................................................................... 8-2 

8.2 OZONEAIRQUALITYINDICATORS ........................................................ 8-3 

8.2.1 Air Quality Indicators ................................................................... -8-3 

8.2.2 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) ................................. 8-3 

8.2.3 Exposure Indicators .................................................................... 8-4 

8.3 PROGRESS TOWARD AIR QUALITY STANDARD ATTAINMENT 8-6 .......... 

8.4 TRANSPORT MITIGATION ....................................................................... 8-13 

8.5 CONTROL MEASURE IMPLEMENTA1-ION .............................................. 8-16 

8.5.1 Stationary Source Control Measures ........................................... 8-16 

8.5.2 Mobile Source Control Measures ................................................. 8-19 

8.5.3 Land Use Programs ..................................................................... 8-22 

8.6 PLAN REVISION ....................................................................................... 8-23 

8.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 8-23 

8.6.2 Control Strategy ........................................................................... 8-23 

8.6.3 Updated Strategy and Expected Reductions ............................... 8-25 

8.6.4 Further Study Measures ............................................................... 8-26 

8.7 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 8-27 

9 ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY .......................................................................... 9-1 

9.1 ACRONYMS .............................................................................................. 9-1 

9.2 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................... 9-4 

APPENDICES 

A . County Emission Inventories for On-Road Motor Vehicles ................................... A-1 

B . Current List of Emission Reduction Credits .......................................................... B-1 

C . Regional Transportation Planning Agency Commitments .................................... C-1 

D . Modeling and Attainment Demonstrations ............................................................ D-1 

E . Cap onstationary Source Growth by Pollutant .................................................... E-1 

F . Suggested Control Measures ............................................................................... F-1 

G . Clean Air Act Requirements ................................................................................. G-1 

H . Comments and Responses: Public Review of Draft Extreme OADP ................... H-1 

. - 

SJVUAPCD 

- 

Table of Contents 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised October 20. 2005 

Table # 

Table 1-1 

Table 1-2 

Table 2-1 

Table 2-2 

Table 3-1 

Table 3-2 

Table 3-3 

Table 3-4 

Table 4-1 

Table 4-2 

Table 4-3 

Table 5-1 

Table 7-1 

Table 7-2 

Table 7-3 

Table 7-4 

Table 7-5 

Table 7-6 

Table 8-1 

Table 8-2 

Table 8-3 

Table 8-4 

Table 8-5 

Table 8-6 

LIST OF TABLES 

Title Page # 

Nonattainment Classifcation and Design Value Assignment ..................... 1-2 

Requirements for Severe versus Extreme Nonattainment Areas .............. 1-9 

SJVAB Populations and Land Area ........................................................... 2-8 

Ozone Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin ................ 2-19 

SJVAB 2000. 2008 and 2010 Planniug Emissions Inventories .................. 3-7 

Estimated NOx Growth. Control and Estimated Offset Use for 

Stationary Sources .................................................................................... 3-15 

Estimated VOC Growth. Control and Estimated Offset Use for 

Stationary Sources .................................................................................... 3-18 

Transportation Conformity Budgets ........................................................... 3-24 

District Cor~trol Measure Schedule (2004-2007) ........................................ 4-2 

Potential Control Measures Requiring Further Study ................................ 4-6 

Defined State Measures from the 2003 Statewide Strategy ...................... 4-56 

SJVAB Federal 1 -Hour Ozone Attainment Concept .................................. 5-11 

1990 ROP Baseline Year Inventory ........................................................... 7-2 

1990 Adjusted Base Year VOC Inventory Calculations (TonslDay) .......... 7-3 

Reductions from Adopted Rules and Regulations Not Included in 

the 2008 and 2010 Projected Inventories .................................................. 7-4 

2008 Rate of Progress Demonstration Summary ...................................... 7-7 

201 0 Rate of Progress Demonstration Summary ...................................... 7-11 

Comparison of Unadjusted Emissions Inventories used in Amended 

200212005 ROP Plan and Extreme OADP ................................................ 7-14 

San Joaquin Valley Air Basin Ozone Exceedances ................................... 8-7 

BARCT Rules ............................................................................................ 8-15 

2001 -2003 Rulemaking Schedule .............................................................. 8-16 

Actual Emissions Reductions for District Rules Affecting Ozone 

Precursor Emissions (2000-2002) ............................................................. 8-19 

Rulemaking Schedule for 2003-2005 ........................................................ 8-25 

Planning Emissions Inventories (summer. tonslday) ................................. 8-26 

SJVUAPCD List of Tables 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised October 20. 2005 

Figure 

Figure 2-1 

Figure 2-2 

Figure 2-3 

Figure 2-4 

Figure 2-5 

Figure 2-6 

Figure 4-1 

Figure 5-1 

Figwe 5-2 

Figure 5-3 

Figure 5-4 

Figure 5-5 

Figure 7-1 

Figure 7-2 

Figure 8-1 

Figure 8-2 

Figure 8-3 

Figure 8-4 

Figure 8-5 

Figure 8-6 

Figure 8-7 

Figure 8-8 

Figure 8-9 

Figure 8-1 0 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Title Page # 

Counties Comprising the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin ............................ 2-1 

San Joaquin Valley Wind Patterns During Ozone Season ........................ 2-4 

Basin I -Hour Design Value for 1986-2003 ................................................ 2-13 

Number of Days Over the I -Hour Federal Ozone Standard ...................... 2-14 

San Joaquin Valley Ozone Exceedances .................................................. 2-15 

San Joaquin Valley Air Basin Air Quality Monitoring Network ................... 2-17 

Overview of Local Government Control Measure Process for the 

Extreme Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan ....................................... 4-49 

Wind Field for July 30. 2000 at 5:00 AM and 3:00 PM PST ....................... 5-4 

Maximum Ozone Concentration. 2000 CCOS Episode ............................. 5-6 

Change in Maximum Ozone Concentration due to Wildfires ..................... 5-7 

Maximum Ozone Concentration. 2010. without Additional Controls .......... 5-8 

Carrying Capacity Diagram for Bakersfield on July 30. 2010 .................... 5-10 

Graphical Summary of 2008 ROP Demonstration for San Joaquin 

Valley Ozone ............................................................................................. 7-8 

Graphical Summary of 201 0 ROP Demonstration for San Joaquin 

Valley Ozone ............................................................................................. 7-12 

Expected Peak Day Concentration at Arvin-Bear Site ............................... 8-8 

Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Bakersfield Golden State 

Site .......................................................................................................... 8-9 

Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Bakersfield 5558 

California Ave Site ..................................................................................... 8-9 

Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Clovis N . Villa Ave Site . ............ 8-10 

Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Fresno 1' Street Site ............... 8-10 

Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Hanford-Irwin Site .................... 8-11 

Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Maricopa-Stanislaus 

Street Site .................................................................................................. 8-11 

Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Merced-South Coffee 

Ave . Site .................................................................................................... 8-12 

Area Weighted Exposure per Square Kilometer ........................................ 8-12 

Population Weighted Exposure per Person ............................................... 8-13 

SJVUAPCD List of Figures 

vi 
Chapter 4 - Control Strategy 

EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

4 CONTROL STRATEGY 

Federal law requires the District, as an extreme nonattainment area for the 

federal I-hour ozone standard, to include certain provisions in the attainment 

plan. Specifically, the Federal Clean Air Act (CAA) requires that this plan must 

"provide for the implementation of all reasonably available control measures 

as expeditiocrsly as practicable", (Section 172(c)(l)) 

make "reasonable further progress." (Section 172(c)(2)) and 

include "enforceable emission limitations, and such other control measures, 

means or techniques ..." which are needed and appropriate to demonstrate 

cornpliance with the federal standards (Section 172(c)(6)). 

The California Clean Air Act, as codified in the California Health and Safety Code 

(CH&SC), also requires the plan to 

include provisions for the use of best available retrofit control technology 

(BARCT) for existing permitted sources. (CH&SC Section 4091 9(a)(3)) and 

include "every feasible measure in the plan ..." (CH&SC Section 40914(b)(2) 

To satisfy these CAA and CH&SC requirements, this section of the Plan includes 

control measures for stationary sources subject to District regulations (with 

associated rule development schedules) and control measures for mobile and 

area sources subject to ARB rules. It also summarizes commitments made by 

the Valley Regional Transportation Planning Agencies (RTPA) to undertake 

projects with air quality benefits. Lastly, Chapter 4 includes information about 

local, state, and federal pollution control incentive programs. 

4.2 DISTRICT RULE DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE 

As a result of the previously Amended 2002 and 2005 Ozone Rate of Progress 

Plan (Ozone ROP Plan) and the 2003 PMIO Plan (PMIO Plan), the District is 

already committed to develop a number of control measures in the form of new 

or amended rules. The control measures in the Ozone ROP Plan are designed 

to reduce NOx and VOC emissions. During the winter months, these pollutants 

are also sources of secondary PMIO, so the PMIO Plan includes control 

measures for NOx and VOC as well. 

The rule development schedule shown in Table 4-1 includes commitments from 

those plans for NOx and VOC reductions. The basis for these control measures 

is federal, state and local requirements or other considerations that are identified 

in the control measure detail section of this report. These measures do not 

include PMIO Plan commitments that would not impact ozone formation. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 4 - Control Strategy 

4- 1 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Rev~sed 10/20/05 

Table 4-1: District Control Measure Schedule (2004 - 2007) 

9510 New6 

- 

Indirect Source Mitigation1 3180 New6 

E Small Boilers, Process Heaters, Steam Generators, 4307 New6 4Q-2005 NOx 2.0 - 5.0 MM~tulhr 

F 4694 New6 Wineries - Fermentation and Storage 

pppp 

H 4702~ Stationary IC Engines 2Q - 2005 NOx 

I 4309 New6 Commercial ~r~ers~ 4Q-2005 NOx 

-- 

J 4565 New CompostingIBiosolids Operations 

K 4602 Automotive Coating 

L 4570 Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 2Q - 2006 VOC 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 4 - Control Strategy 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Table 4-1: District Control Measure Schedule (2004 - 2007) '(cont.) 

3Q-2007 VOC 

Q 41 03 Open Burning Phase Ill 

R 4682 Polymeric Foam Manufacturing 3Q - 2007 VOC 

S 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines (< 10 MW, distributed 

-- generation) 

T -4621, 4624 Gasoline Storage & Transfer 

U New Aviation Fuel Transfer, Phase 1 

1 CCOS data is not available. Emissions and reductions based on reductions generated by funding projects with Indirect Source Mitigation fees. 

2 CCOS data is not available. Emissions and reductions based on preliminary draft staff report. 3 CCOS data is not available. Emissions and reductions based on contracted emissions inventory report. 4 Rules with an average daily emissions of less than 0.05 tonslday may be included to satisfy federal and state requirements for RACT, BACT or all feasible controls. 

Please see the control measure details for additional information. 

All data reflect CCOS SIP information using summer daily planning inventories, in tons per day (tpd), except as noted. 6 This control measure appears in 2003 PMIO Plan (Tables 4-17 through 4-20, as amended, December 2003), but elements of the rule (e.g., estimated emissions 

reductions, baseline emissions, rule description, etc.) have been updated for this Extreme OADP; consequently, the control measure elements may not match those 

presented in the 2003 PMIO Plan for the same measure. Furthermore, the following additional PMIO Plan control measures, which are not shown above in Table 4-1 

because they were adopted as rules before the Table was developed (ca January 2004), are used in this Extreme OADP for attainment (Chapter 5) and rate of 

progress (Chapter 7) demonstrations: Rule 4604 (Can and Coil Coating), Rule 4408 (Glycol Dehydration Systems), Rule 4610 (Glass Coating Operations), Rule 4306 

(Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters), and Incentive Programs. Emissions reductions from these rules as given in Tables 4-17 through 4-20 of the 2003 

PMIO Plan were converted to summer emissions before being used elsewhere in this Extreme OADP. 

7 The 2008 baseline and Emission Reductions were originally included the Extreme Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan because the early versions of the plan were 

dependent on reductions from future rules to meet 2008 and 201 0 Rate of Progress (ROP) requirements. On the day of plan adoption, District staff substituted a new 

ROP demonstration that met the 2008 and 2010 ROP milestones with rules adopted as of September 2002, thereby eliminating the need for 2008 Commitments. 

These commitments were inadvertently left in the plan when it was sent to EPA on November 15, 2004. State law prohibits the inclusion of control measures in the 

State Implementation Plan that are not needed to meet federal Clean Air Act requirements (California Health and Safety Code 539062). Consequently, the District 

removed the 2008 Commitments. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 4 - Control Strategy 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

4.2.1 District Control Measures 

Section 172 of the Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA) requires non-attainment plans 

to: "provide for the implementation of all reasonably available control measures 

as expeditiously as practical (including such reductions in emissions from 

existing sources in the area as may be obtained through the adoption, at a 

minimum, of reasonably available control technology) and shall provide for 

attainment of the national primary ambient air quality standards." 

To determine what stationary source control measures might be feasible for 

adoption in the SJVAB, the District considered the California Air Resources 

Board's Identification of Performance Standards for Stationary Sources (as 

updated May 16, 2002); control measures committed to or successfully 

implemented in other regions [including South Coast Air Quality Management 

District, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, and the HoustonGalveston (Texas) Area]; and control measures suggested by staff and members 

of the public at workshops held during the control measure development process. 

Some of those control measures were eliminated from the Ozone ROP Plan and 

PMlO Plan commitments, however, because: - 

the District had already adopted rules as effective as those described, 

similar rules are currently being developed, or 

the SJVAB has few or no sources in the affected categories. 

The District evaluated the remaining control measures, using baseline 

inventories, known control technology, potential emission reductions, and the 

feasibility of implementation by 2008. Based upon this evaluation, the District 

placed measures into the control measure schedule. From 2004 to 2007, the 

District's rule development schedule will include the rules shown in Table 4-1. 

The schedule includes both new rules and amendments to existing rules that are 

necessary to satisfy applicable requirements including RACT, BARCT, and 

reasonable further progress toward attaining the one-hour ozone standard. 

The control measures indicated are those that the District commits to either 

developing as r~~les, or evaluating for possible rule development. Projects may 

be added or removed based on information received during the development of 

the Plan; detailed examination of the emission inventories and feasible control 

measures; or future local, state and federal requirements. 

The District may develop new control measure schedules in future years. These 

schedules will be reflected in future SIP amendments that would be adopted by 

the District Governing Board, submitted to ARB for review and approval, and 

then submitted to EPA as a SIP amendment. 

For the purposes of implementing this Extreme OADP, the District is committed 

to adopt and implement control measures that will achieve, in aggregate, the 

emissions reductions specified in Table 4-1 and described in Section 4.2.3. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 4 - Control Strategy 

4-4 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Emission reductions achieved in excess of the amount committed to in a given 

year can be applied to the emission reduction commitments of subsequent years. 

The District is committed to adopt the control measures listed in Table 4-1 unless 

these measures, or a portion thereof, are found infeasible and the District adopts 

other substitute measures that achieve equivalent reductions to meet any 

required milestone. Findings of infeasibility will be made at a regularly scheduled 

meeting of the District Governing Board with proper notification. For the 

purposes of State Implementation Plan commitments, infeasibility means that the 

proposed control strategy is not reasonably likely to be available by the 

implementation date in question, the actual emission inventory is significantly 

less than originally presented in the plan, or achievement of the emission 

reductions by that date is not cost-effective. The District acknowledges that this 

commitment is enforceable under Section 304(f) of the federal Clean Air Act. 

4.2.2 Control Measures Table 

Table 4-1 summarizes ozone precursor control measures grouped according to 

their proposed rule development schedule. In order to demonstrate compliance 

with the 201 0 federal ozone standard, the District must have three years of 

"clean" air quality data. Therefore, control measures must be adopted as rules 

and implemented by operators by Spring 2008, in order for the measures to 

generate air quality benefits that satisfy the ozone attainment deadline. The 

control measures were scheduled based on a number of factors including the 

size of the existing emission inventory; the feasibility of control measures for the 

class and category of source; projected emission reductions which might result; 

similar controls already required or proposed by other districts; and possible 

implementation schedules. 

Some control measures were considered that will require additional refinement of 

the emissions inventory and/or further research into feasible emission controls. 

These measures have been placed in Table 4-2 for further study. 

Table 4-1 contains control measures for the rule projects currently scheduled to 

be developed in 2004 through 2007, as well as their projected adoption dates, 

emissions inventories for 2008 and 201 0, and estimated reductions. These are 

measures for which the District has an adequate emissions inventory and/or for 

which reasonable control measures have been established by the District or 

other agency. The District has already begun rule development on many of the 

rules that are listed for 2004 and 2005 adoption. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 4 - Control Strategy 

4-5 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Table 4-2: Potential Control Measures Requiring Further Study 

When available, emission inventory data for 2008 and 201 0 was taken from the 

ARB State Implementation Plan (SIP) Emission Projects (Central California 

Ozone Study (CCOS) Domain), Version 2.1 1, datasets 

(http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/ccos/fcemssumcat cc2 1 1 .php). This data 

reflects the daily summer average emissions from the various for stationary 

source categories. The future year inventory was adjusted by ARB for projected 

growth and controlled for rule requirements that would apply to the source 

category prior to the indicated year. No adjustment was made to the baseline for 

the control measures indicated in Table 4-1 but the results of the proposed 

control measures are reflected in the "reductions" column. 

Further 

Study 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

J 

K 

As noted in Table 4-1, emissions inventory data from several sources was used 

for the measures such as Composting/Biosolids Operations, for which the CCOS 

data was not available, or for measures such Commercial Dryers, which will only 

affect a small subset of a larger industrial emissions category. The emissions 

inventory information differs from tlie CCOS data in that it is typically calculated 

as an annual average rather than a summertime average. If comparable CCOS 

data were not available, the alternate data was not adjusted for growth. Because 

some of the emissions categories are not addressed by current rules and 

S JVUA PCD 

Rule 

Number(s) 

2280 

New 

4402' 4625 

New 

4653 

4607 

464 1 

4607 

4902 

New 

New 

Chapter 4 - Control Strategy 

4-6 

Description 

Portable Equipment 

Asphalt Plant DryersIHeaters 

Sumps, Pits, and Wastewater 

Processing Equipment 

Fugitive Emissions - Heavy Oil 

Stream 

Adhesives 

NOx, VOC 

VOC 

VOC 

VOC 

Graphic Arts 

Cutback Asphalt Application 

Restaurants, Under-fired 

Charbroilers 

Residential Water Heaters 

Furnaces 

Brandy Production 

VOC 

NOx, VOC 

NOx 

VOC 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

regulations, the emission inventories were also not controlled for the current 

applicable rules. Sources for this data include the ARB emission inventory data, 

District-contracted emissions inventory studies, and District staff reports. 

Footnotes in Table 4-1 describe the specific data sources used. 

Due to the necessary assumptions made in compiling the data for the CCOS 

inventories, the ARB emission inventory, and the contracted study inventories, 

results of the final rule development calculations may differ from each of these. 

As a routine step in the r~~le development process, the District generates specific 

emission baseline and reduction information. Such information is typically based 

on detailed information about actual equipment and control levels, and therefore 

is a more accurate reflection of the true emissions and reduction potentials in the 

SJVAB. Where appropriate, the more accurate data will be submitted to update 

the CCOS and ARB inventories. Future planning exercises will reflect the more 

accurate baseline inventory and emission reduction data as it is developed. 

The emission reductions indicated in Table 4-1 are based on percent reductions 

from the baseline emission inventories. These percentages reflect assumed 

control technologies, control effectiveness, and rule applicability and penetration 

rates. The percent reduction represents the District's reduction commitment for 

the particular control measure. Table 4-1 emission reduction numbers (in tons 

per day) reflect the current emission inventory data and reflect the outcome of 

the percentage commitment, but are subject to revision as the inventories are 

refined. For example, scientists and engineers are now studying the emission 

factor for the Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations category to determine if 

the current factor accurately represents VOC emissions. The outcome of that 

study will be used to update the emissions inventory and could result in a new 

estimated emissions reduction. These changes, however, will not necessarily 

impact the percent reduction that is applied to the category. 

Table 4-2 indicates the further study categories that the District will investigate for 

potential future emission reductions. Assuming controls are feasible and 

emission reductions are significant, rule development activity for these categories 

would most likely occur in 2006 or later. These projects would address categories 

for which adequate emission inventories are not currently available or for which 

emission control strategies must be further researched and developed. 

Consequently, the further study measures in Table 4-2 are not District 

commitments for specific emission reductions or for future rulemaking. Rather, 

they are areas of further study to determine the potential for future emission 

reductions. For several of these measures, staff has already begun examining 

the emissions data and conducting research on potential control measures. The 

District believes that some of the measures may have small baseline emission 

inventories that would not generate sigrrificant emission reductions. Other 

control measures may be proposed based on technology-forcing standards 

proposed by other districts and for which a particular emission standard has not 

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been demonstrated or is not commonly available. Each of the measures in Table 

4-2 will be further evaluated, and may be either placed in the rule development 

schedule or ruled out as potential control measures. 

4.2.3 2004 - 2007 Control Measures 

This section provides specific information about the control measures, as shown 

in Table 4-1, that are scheduled for rule development between 2004 and 2007. 

The District will determine the details of the resulting rules during the rule 

development process based on applicable federal, state and local requirements, 

socioeconomic factors, and other information provided by public comments. 

During the rule development process, the District examines the existing rules of 

other air districts, and in-use and emerging control technologies, to identify levels 

representing the best feasible control standard for a given measure. Emission 

reductions shown are based on implementing feasible controls on the applicable 

emission inventories. The District may adjust these reductions to reflect any new 

control technology, source data, or practices that are discovered during rule 

development process. 

4.2.3.1 Control Measure A: New Rule 4409 (Oil and Gas Fugitives) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: New Rule 4409 is a Current Rule 

commitment in the PMlO Plan and was listed in the Ozone ROP Plan as an All 

Feasible Measure suggested by the EPA. It would reduce fugitive VOC 

emissions from crude oil and gas production operations and natural gas 

processing plants. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Rule 4409 would apply to sources involved in the 

production of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids. There are 

approximately 200 businesses in the San Joaquin Valley that are potentially 

subject to Rule 4409. The California Department of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal 

Resources Report shows approximately 105 oil andlor gas production fields in 

the San Joaquin Valley. The District's permit database indicates eight permitted 

natural gas processing plants. 

DESCRIPTION: Crude oil and gas production facilities and natural gas 

processing facilities contain a large number of various types of components such 

as pipes, flanges, valves, fittings, threaded connections, hatches, pressure relief 

valves, pumps, and compressors. Leakage of fluids or gases from these 

components can be expected to occur during process and transfer operations, 

causing fugitive VOC emissions. The actual percentage of leaking components 

for most of these facilities may be small, but due to the large number of 

components the fugitive VOC emissions from leaking components, in aggregate, 

could be significant. 

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Possible controls include lowering the current gaseous leak threshold of 10,000 

ppmv, eliminating some existing exemptions, improving the existing inspection 

and repair programs by increasing the frequency of inspection, and shortening 

the repair period for leaking components and replacing frequently leaking 

components with Best Available Control Technology. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: The rule was adopted on April 20,2005. Full 

implementation is scheduled for the second quarter of 2006. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total VOC emissions from 

sources subject to Rule 4409 are estimated to be 10.4 tons per day in 2008. 

After full implementation of Rule 4409, reductions of 4.7 tons of VOC per day are 

anticipated. 

4.2.3.2 Control Measure B: New Rule 4455 (Refinery & Chemical 

Fugitives) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: New Rule 4455 is a Current Rule 

commitment in the PMIO Plan and was listed in the Ozone ROP Plan as an All 

Feasible Measure suggested by the EPA. Rule 4455 would replace existing 

Rules 4451 and 4452, and it would reduce fugitive VOC emissions from leaking 

components in petroleum refining and chemical manufacturing plants by 

strengthening and expanding the requirements compared to the existing rules. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Rule 4455 would apply to businesses involved in 

petroleum refining and production of industrial organic chemicals. There are four 

petroleum refineries and one gas-liquids processing facility that would be subject 

to Rule 4455. One chemical plant currently operates in the San Joaquin Valley. 

DESCRIPTION: Petroleum facilities, gas liquids processing facilities, and 

chemical plants contain a large number of various types of components such as 

pipes, flanges, valves, threaded connections, pressure relief valves, process 

drains, pumps, and compressors. Leakage of fluids or gases from these 

components can be expected to occur during process and transfer operations, 

causing fugitive VOC emissions. The actual percentage of leaking components 

for most of these facilities may be small, but due to the large number of 

components the fugitive VOC emissions from leaking components, in aggregate, 

could be large. 

In general, the state RACTIBARCT guidelines and similar rules from other air 

districts establish lower leak thresholds, require operators to conduct more 

frequent inspections of components, and provide shorter periods to repair leaking 

components than currently allowed in Rules 4451 and 4452. Rule 4455 would 

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replace those rules and would be more effective by implementing a rigorous leak 

detection and repair program and by requiring BACT equipment to replace 

frequently leaking devices. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: The rule was adopted on April 20, 2005.. Full 

implementation is scheduled for the second quarter of 2006. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total VOC emissions from 

sources subjectto Rule 4455 are estimated to be 0.5 tons per day in 2008. Upon 

full implementation of Rule 4455, reductions of 0.2 tons of VOC per day are 

anticipated. 

4.2.3.3 Control Measure C: New Rule 9310 ( Fleet Rule - School 

Buses) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: The PMIO Plan and Ozone ROP Plan 

identified the need for on-road fleet rules to address mobile source emissions in 

the San Joaquin Valley. Rule 9310 is a new rule that would reduce NOx and 

PMIO emissions from school bus fleets and consequently reduce the public's 

exposure to toxic air contaminants (TACs) and criteria pollutants. Reductions 

would be accomplished through the use of new, cleaner vehicles or by retrofitting 

existing buses with improved engines or emission controls. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Rule 931 0 would apply to operators of school bus fleets 

for elementary and secondary schools. Based on a 2003 survey, there are 

approximately 2,755 schools buses, operating in public and private contract 

fleets, in the District. This was the single largest group of public agency fleet 

vehicles of any one particular fleet class, accour~ting for 45% of the total number 

of fleet vehicles in the District. 

DESCRIPTION: The new rule is designed to reduce NOx and PM emissions 

from school buses. This rule is intended to achieve greater and earlier NOx and 

PM emission reductions than would occur through the normal vehicle 

replacement process for these buses. 

Emissions from school bus fleets could be reduced in a number of ways, 

including 

replacing existing buses with newer, cleaner buses before their 

normally scheduled retirement; 

replacing older engines of existing buses with newer engines using 

cleaner emissions technology; 

retrofitting emission control technology to existing buses; or 

modifying existing buses to use cleaner-burning diesel or alternate 

fuels. 

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Generally, older-model school buses emit more TACs and other air pollutants 

than the more current models. More than one-third of the existing school buses 

are fifteen years old or older, and were manufactured to less stringent emission 

standards than those for later-model school buses. The oldest buses would 

benefit most from either complete replacement or repowering to reduce tailpipe 

emissions. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Rule development is in progress with adoption 

scheduled for third quarter of 2006. Implementation will begin in the fourth 

quarter of 2007; however, due to the quantity and the cost of school buses, and 

limited school district budgets, full rule implementation is expected to occur well 

after 201 0. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total NOx emissions from 

sources that will be subject to Rule 9310 are estimated to be 2.5 tons per day in 

2008, with 0.1 tonslday of NOx reduced by 201 0. Upon full implementation of 

this rule in 201 5, reductions of 1.1 tons of NOx per day is anticipated. 

4.2.3.4 Control Measure D: New Rules 9510 (Indirect Source Mitigation 

Program) and 3180 (Indirect Source Mitigation Fee) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: These rules are Current Rule commitments 

in the 2003 PMIO Plan and post-2003 Control Measures in ,the Ozone ROP Plan. In 

addition, California State Senate Bill (SB) 709, approved September 22, 2003 

requires the District to adopt a schedule of fees on area-wide and indirect sources of 

emissions that are regulated, but for which permits are not issued. Growth in 

indirect source emissions and related area source emissions offsets a substantial 

portion of the benefit of emission controls on motor vehicles and stationary sources. 

Mitigation fees provide an option to reduce emissions off-site when additional on-site 

emission reductions are not feasible. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Phase I of the program, contained in Rule 951 0 and 31 80, 

will be applicable to residential development projects that generate indirect 

emissions from mobile sources and area source emissions from other on-site 

activities not subject to District permitting. Phase II and Phase Ill will address 

commerciaIlinstitutional and industrial development projects (respectively) that 

generate indirect emissions froni mobile sources and area source emissions from 

other on-site activities not subject to District permitting. 

DESCRIPTION: lndirect sources are land use activities, such as housing 

developments, shopping malls, and industrial sites, that attract or generate motor 

vehicle trips. lndirect source emissions are not emitted directly from permitted 

equipment or activities at the location, as is the case for traditional permitted 

stationary sources such as boilers, engines or fuel storage tanks. lndirect source 

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emissions are created by motor vehicle trips to and from the site. The program is 

also considering emissions from area sources such as water heaters and landscape 

maintenance equipment. This program will have three phases at a minimum and 

will include residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional developments. 

Under the lndirect Source Mitigation Program, development projects would be 

required to mitigate a portion of their emissions with onsite mitigation and/or by 

contributing to a mitigation fund that would be used to pay for the most cost-effective 

projects to reduce emissions. The amount of the fee can be revised depending on 

the emission reductions required to meet rate of progress and the err~ission reducing 

projects available to fund. The program could be managed by the District or 

delegated to cities and counties. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Rule adoption is scheduled for fourth quarter of 

2005. Rule implementation will begin in the first quarter of 2006. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: The District has committed to a 

reduction of 4.0 tons per day of NOx from the lndirect Source Mitigation Program in 

the 2003 PMlO Plan. The reductions associated with Phase I through Rule 9510 

and 3180 will be a portion of that number that has yet to be determined. The NOx 

reductions are projected to come from reducing emissions from off-site mobile 

sources, such as heavyduty trucks, school buses, and off-road equipment. 

Reductions could also be generated by development measures that reduce vehicle 

trips or miles traveled, and area source emissions from equipment and products 

used for building and landscape maintenance. The mitigation program will not be 

limited to these sources, however, and any cost-effective project that reduces 

emissions would be considered. 

4.2.3.5 Control Measure E: New Rule 4307 (Small Boilers, Process 

Heaters, and Steam Generators, 2.0-5.0 MMBtulhr) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: New Rule 4307 is a New Commitment 

(ID I) in the PMIO Plan and was listed in the Ozone ROP Plan as an All Feasible 

Measure suggested by the EPA. It is intended to reduce NOx and SOX 

emissions and to reduce future increases in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions 

from boilers, process heaters, and steam generators. The measure would affect 

any new or existing boiler, steam generator, and/or process heater with a rated 

heat input capacity greater than 2 million Btulhour but less than or equal to 5 

MMBtuIhr. The PMIO Plan identified emissions from these units as a significant 

category. Since NOx and SOX emissions from smaller boilers, steam generators, 

and process heaters, exceed the de minimus threshold levels, they are subject to 

federal BACM requirements. The District currently has rules applying to similar 

equipment rated greater than 5.0 MMBtuIhr. 

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AFFECTED SOURCES: Facilities with units that are subject to this control 

measure represent a wide range of industries, including but not limited to medical 

facilities, educational institutions, office buildings, prisons, military facilities, 

hotels, and industrial facilities (including agl-icultural processing facilities). Due to 

the diversity of affected industries, units in this source category are located 

throughout the SJVAB. Based on population and job base, there are likely to be 

more units located in urban and suburban settings. The emissions inventory 

categories affected include Manufacturing and Industrial Fuel Combustion, and 

Service and Commercial-Other Fuel Combustion. 

DESCRIPTION: These units are not currently regulated by the District permitting 

process or a prohibitory rule. The District does not currently issue permits to 

operate for gas-fired equipment in this source category, but may do so in the 

future. Combustion modifications appropriate for small boilers, steam 

generators, and process heaters include low excess air, low NOx burners, 

waterlsteam injection, and flue gas recirculation (FGR). Post-combustion 

controls can include the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or selective 

non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) treatment of the exhaust stream. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Rule adoption is scheduled for the fourth 

quarter of 2005. Implementation is scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of 

2007 with full BACM implementation by 2009. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total NOx emissions from this 

category are estimated to be 8.8 tons per day in 2008. Upon final 

implementation of this control measure, 1.0 tons per day of NOx reductions is 

anticipated. 

4.2.3.6 Control Measure F: New Rule 4694 (Wineries - Fermentation 

and Storage) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: New Rule 4694 is a New Commitment 

(ID K) in the PMlO Plan and a post-2003 control measure in the Ozone ROP 

Plan. It is intended to reduce VOC emissions from the fermentation of grapes in 

winery operations. 'The Ozone ROP Plan identified emissions from such 

operations as exceeding the major source threshold level; consequently, Federal 

RACT requirements apply to these operations. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: According to the California Department of Alcoholic 

Beverage Control (ABC), there are 109 wineries licensed to operate in the 

SJVAB. Of these wineries, 43 facilities produce 99% of the emissions; the rule is 

most likely to affect these facilities. 

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DESCRIPTION: Two winery processes that produce sigr~i,ficant VOC emissions 

are wine fermentation and bulk wine storage. This control measure is designed 

to reduce the emissions from the fermentation and storage processes. Future 

rule development will address the VOC emissions from brandy production and 

storage. 

While limited fermentation may be conducted at any time of the year, the primary 

fermentation season occurs in the fall, during a 90-day period following the grape 

harvest. Fermentation of a single batch of wine will normally be completed in a 

three to ten day period, depending in the variety of wine and the chemistry of the 

particular batch. The process of fermentation produces VOC emissions which 

offgas to the atmosphere through tank openings. 

The District does not regulate these operations through either the permitting 

process or a prohibitory rule. Emission controls (other than process refrigeration) 

are not currently being used during the production of wines. Reduction of VOC 

could be achieved through the use of tanks with vapor collection and control 

systems, carbon adsorption, water scrubbers, catalytic incineration, 

condensation, and additional temperature control as appropriate. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Rule adoption is scheduled for the fourth 

quarter of 2005. Full implementation is projected for the year 2009. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total summer planning VOC 

err~issions from sources subject to the wineries control nieasure are estimated to 

be 2.1 tons per day in 2008. Upon final implementation of the wine fermentation 

control measure, summer planning reductions of 0.7 tons of VOC per day are 

anticipated. 

4.2.3.7 Control Measure G: Rule 4352 (Solid Fuel Fired Boiler, Steam 

Generators, and Process Heaters) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rule 4.352 is a New 

Commitment (ID H) in the PMlO Plan and a post-2003 Control Measure in the 

Ozone ROP Plan. NOx emissions from solid fuel fired boilers, steam generators, 

and process heaters, exceed the major source threshold levels, and therefore 

are subject to federal RACT requirements. This commitment is intended to 

address those requirements. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: There are 14 permitted units in this category within the 

District , with half of the units located in the District's Southern Region, and the 

remaining units split between the Central and Northern Regions. Facilities in this 

category generate utility and industrial power (electricity and heat) by burning 

solid fuels including petroleum coke, municipal solid waste, tires or biomass 

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wastes (including wood, vine clippings, leaves, grass, and other by products of 

the farming and food processing industries). 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4352 (Solid Fuel-Fired Boilers, Steam Generators, and 

Process Heaters) regulates the NOx and CO emissions froni this category by 

specifying allowable emission rates. Rule 4352 currently contains the old 

definition for the major source NOx threshold so it applies only to units at facilities 

emitting over 50 tons of NOx per year. The rule is being amended to include the 

current major definition and ensure that all major sources are subject to this rule. 

The rule's current emission limits may be made more stri~gent if amended to be 

consistent with current state's " all feasible measure" requirements. Existing 

facilities are already operating at or below the "all feasible" NOx limit so no NOx 

reductions would result from incorporating that limit. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption of Rule 4352 is scheduled for the 

second quarter of 2006, and full implementation is scheduled for the first quarter 

in 2009. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total NOx emissions from 

sources subject to this control measure are estimated to be 3.8 tons per day in 

2008. Because existing facilities are already compliant with the "all feasible" 

measure NOx emission level, no actual reduction is anticipated. 

4.2.3.8 Control Measure H: Rule 4702 (Stationary IC Engines) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rule 4702 is a New 

Commitment (ID N) in the PMlO Plan and a post-2003 Control Measure in the 

Ozone ROP Plan. This rule currently controls NOx emissions from stationary, 

spark-ignited IC engines. Rule 4702 would be expanded to cover all internal 

combustion engines rated greater than 50 brake horsepower, including those 

used in agricultural operations. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: It is estimated that there are approximately 4,500 diesel 

fueled internal combustion engines, rated greater than 50 brake horsepower, 

used in agricultural irrigation operations in the SJVAB. The nurr~ber of sparkignition internal combustion engines, rated greater than 50 brake horsepower 

and used in agricultural operations is currently estimated at approximately 530 

units (engines powering wind machines could significantly increase this number; 

note that these machines typically do not operate during ozone season, so this 

omission is not important for this Extreme OADP. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4702 currently controls emissions from spark-ignition 

stationary IC engines by requiring them to meet specific NOx emission limits 

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when operating. All engines used in agricultural operations were previously 

exempted from Rule 4702 pursuant to state law, (CH&SC 42310(e)). That law 

was rescinded effective January 1, 2004 and the District is currently amending 

Rl~le 4702 to address this equipment category and other compression ignition 

engines. 

NOx emissions reduction can be achieved by making such engines, as well as all 

diesel-fueled engines, subject to NOx emission limits in Rule 4702. Many 

farmers have recently installed new, cleaner-burning engines with funding under 

the Moyer program. Further reductions can be achieved by increasing the 

stringency of NOx emission limits to meet recently adopted Best Available 

Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) standards and by making the standards 

applicable to certain engines now exempted from the rule. 

There are several possible options that are commonly used to control engine 

emissions. The option with the highest reduction potential is to replace existing 

engines with electric motors and many locations already have hookup for electric 

motors. Other strategies would include replacing old engines with newer cleaner 

engines; retrofit older engines with add-on exhaust control devices; or converting 

existing engines to a cleaner-burning fuel or alternate fuels. The emission limits 

and compliance schedule for agricultural engines will be developed pursuant to 

the requirements of CH&SC 40724 and will reflect the most stringent technically 

and economically feasible of the candidate control options. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: CH&SC 40724 mandated the schedule for 

rule development for such engines. Therefore, on or before July 1, 2005, the 

District must propose to adopt the final rules at a noticed public hearing, and rule 

implementation must commence on or before January 1, 2006. The rule was 

adopted on June 16,2005. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION: The NOx emissions from internal 

combustion engines rated greater than 50 brake horsepower and used in 

agricultural irrigation operations, are estimated to be 21.0 tons per day in 2008. 

Upon full implementation, it is anticipated those NOx emissions would be 

reduced by 8.4 tons per day. 

4.2.3.9 Control Measure I: New Rule 4309 (Commercial Dryers) ' 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This new rule is a New Commitment (ID 

C) in the PMIO Plan and a post-2003 Control Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. 

NOx and SOX emissions from industrial and commercial dryers exceed the "de 

minimus threshold" levels, therefore, are subject to federal BACM requirements. 

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AFFECTED SOURCES: Dryers are used to remove water from process material 

by heating which causing evaporation of the water. Most dryers in the SJVAB 

are used to remove moisture from fruits, nuts, vegetables, cotton, and also from 

clothing at laundries and dry cleaning plants. Facilities with units that are subject 

to this control measure represent a wide range of industries, including but not 

limited to cotton ginning, nut, fruits and vegetable processing, dairy products, 

laundry cleaning services, and concrete manufacturing. Units in this source 

category are located throughout the eight co~~nty area of the SJVAB. 

DESCRIPTION: These units are currently subject to District permitting 

requirements, but not a specific prohibitory rule. The new rule would establish 

NOx and SOX emission standards for dryers subject to permitting requirements. 

Differing emission standards may be established based on the heat input 

capacity of the dryer, and whether the unit is new or existing. Dryers are typically 

direct-fired, meaning that the exhaust directly contacts the material being heated. 

To reduce particulate contamination, dryers are predominantly fired on natural 

gas or propane. Emission controls appropriate for dryers include use of PUC 

quality natural gas, excess air controllers, low-NOx burners, and flue gas 

recirculation (FGR). 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Rule adoption is scheduled for the fourth 

quarter of 2005. Full BACM implementation for NOx and SOX is projected for the 

year 2009. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION: Total NOx emissions from 

sources subject to the Dryer control measure are estimated to be 8.8 tons per 

day in 2008. Upon final implementation of the dryer control measure, a reduction 

of 1.0 tons per day of NOx is anticipated. 

4.2.3.10 Control Measure J: New Rule 4565 (CompostinglBiosoIids 

Operations) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This new rule is identified in the Ozone 

ROP Plan as requiring additional emissions inventojr development. This rule is 

designed to reduce VOC emissions created during the con- posting of biosolids 

including sewage sludge, agricultural waste, and other greenwaste. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This category would address emissions from new and 

existing sources involved with composting biosolids or mixtures of biosolids 

including emissions arising from the beneficial use or disposal of sewage sludge 

derived from the treatment of municipal wastewater, whether from within the 

District and imported from outside the District. Beneficial uses include land 

application, composting, and use as landfill cover, among. others. Disposal 

methods include surface disposal, landfilling, and incineration. Facilities 

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involved with these activities are classified as Biosolids Management (EIC 199- 

995-0260-0000). 

DESCRIPTION: This project would investigate the emissions and controls for 

composting biosolids to determine if emission controls are feasible and if VOC 

reductions are achievable. Biosolids are primarily generated as waste 

byproducts from municipal wastewater treatment, livestock operations, 

agricultural operations and commercial and residential landscaping. Many 

factors increase the potential emissions inventory for this category. These 

factors include: 

Growing populations in Valley communities increases demands on 

municipal wastewater treatment as well as generating more 

landscaping waste material. 

New and expanded confined animal feeding operations generate more 

livestock waste. The South Coast Air Quality Management District 

(SCAQMD) is currently working on a rule amendment to have the 

removal of livestock waste from the South Coast Air Basin as a control 

option, which may increase the District's inventory for this category. 

Recent changes to the CH&SC will phase out traditional open burning 

of agricultural waste, increasing pressure to compost. 

State and federal landfill regulations promote composting of green 

waste and other biodegradable materials to extend landfill capacities. 

VOC emission controls are currently under investigation and could include vapor 

collection and control systems, forced aeration, and windrow of materials to 

generate beneficial soil amendments, 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption for this control measure will be the 

first quarter of 2007 with full implementa.tion projected for the year 201 0. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total VOC emissions .from 

sources subject to this rule arF estimated to be 0.7 tons per day in 2008. Upon 

full implementation of this rule, a reduction of 0.1 tons of VOC per day is 

anticipated. 

4.2.3.11 . Control Measure K: Rule 4602 (Automotive Coating) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rule 4602 was listed in the 

Ozone ROP Plan as an All Feasible Measure suggested by the EPA. This 

control measure is intended to reduce VOC emissions from coating used in 

automotive coating operations by incorporating more stringent material limits. 

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AFFECTED SOURCES: The measure would affect any new or existing 

operations involved with coating automobile, parts, and accessories. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4602 controls emissions from automobile and automotive 

parts and products coating operations by specifying coating material VOC limits, 

allowable application equipment, and emission control options. CAPCOA has 

proposed that districts adopt a uniform rule for this category based on the most 

stringent coating material limits required by the various districts. Amendments to 

Rule 4602 would incorporate those new standards and help establish a uniform 

automotive coating requirement throughout California. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption of Rule 4602 amendments is 

scheduled for the third quarter of 2006, and full implementation is scheduled for 

the first quarter in 2009. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total VOC emissions from 

sources subject to Rule 4602 are estimated to be 1.6 tons per day in 2008. Upon 

full implementation of this rule, a reduction 0.1 tons of VOC per day is 

anticipated. 

4.2.3.12 Control Measure L: New Rule 4570 (Concentrated Animal 

Feeding Operations) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: New Rule 4570 is a New Commitment 

(ID A) in the PMIO Plan and a post-2003 Control Measure in the Ozone ROP 

Plan. It is intended to reduce VOC emissions from Concentrated Animal Feeding 

Operations (CAFOs). This is also a requirement of CH&SC Section 40724.6. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Rule 4570 would affect operations including dairies, 

cattle feedlots, poultry ranches, and other agricultural operations involving animal 

husbandry. The exact number of affected facilities will be determined during the 

rule development process based on exemption levels derived from the costeffectiveness of available controls. 

DESCRIPTION: Operations involved with the raising of fowls or animals were 

previously exempted from District permitting pursuant to state law (CH&SC 

42310(e)) that was rescinded effective January I, 2004. VOC emissions may be 

reduced by controlling emissions from feedlots and from supporting operations 

such as waste treatment lagoons. 

The BACM and BARCT err~issior~ lirr~its and con-~pliance schedule for CAFOs will 

be developed pursuant to the requirements of CH&SC 40724.6 and will reflect 

the technical and economic feasibility of candidate control options. 

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IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: CH&SC 40724.6 mandates the schedule for 

rule development for CAFOs. Therefore, on or before July 1, 2006, the District 

must propose to adopt the final rules at a noticed public hearing, and rule 

implementation must commence on or before January 1, 2007. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total VOC emissions from 

sources subject to Rule 4570 are estimated to be 60.9 tons per day in 2008. 

Upon full implementation of this rule, a reduction of 15.8 tons of VOC per day is 

anticipated. These emission estimates are based on the currently accepted 

emission factors. Research in this area is being conducted which may lead to 

more accurate emission factors. The emissions and emission reductions may be 

updated in the future to reflect the most accurate information and such 

information would be incorporated into future plan updates. 

4.2.3.13 Control Measure M: Rule 4662 (Organic Solvent Degreasing 

Operations); Rule 4663 (Organic Solvent Cleaning, Storage, 

and Disposal); Rule 4602 (Motor Vehicle and Mobile Equipment 

Coating); Rule 4603 (Surface Coating of Metal Parts and 

Products); Rule 4604 (Can and Coil Coating Operations); Rule 

4605 (Aerospace Assemblies and Component Coating); Rule 

4606 (Wood Products Coating); Rule 4607 (Graphic Arts); Rule 

(Adhesives); and Rule 4684 (Polyester Resin Operations) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending these rules was identified as a 

state required "All Feasible Measure". This control measure is intended to 

reduce VOC err~issions from organic solvents used in parts and equipment 

cleaning by incorporating more stringent VOC content limits. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: The measure would affect any new or existing 

operations involved using organic solvents for parts or equipment cleaning. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4662 controls VOC emissions from organic solvent 

degreasing operations by specifying solvent VOC limits, allowable application 

equipment, and emission control options. Rule 4663 controls VOC emissions 

from organic solvents used to clean parts and equipment outside of the 

degreasers covered by Rule 4662. The other rules address solvents used to 

prepare surfaces and clean equipment used in the applicable operation 

addressed by the rules. Since these rules were last amended, other air districts 

have started requiring lower-VOC solvents (25 grams VOC per liter). 

Amendments to these rules would incorporate this new standard and help 

establish a uniform organic solvent cleaning standard for businesses in 

California. 

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IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Amendments of these rules is scheduled for 

the third quarter of 2007 with full implementation scheduled for the fourth quarter 

in 2008. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: The emissions from sources 

affected by the control measure are estimated at 4.9 tons VOC per day in 2008. 

Upon final implementation of the proposed control measure, a reduction of 1.3 

tons of VOC per day is anticipated. 

4.2.3.14 Control Measure N: New Rule 4308 (Water Heaters, 0.075-2.0 

MMBtulhr) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This new rule is a New Commitment (ID 

J) in the PMIO Plan and a post-2003 control in the Ozone ROP Plan. NOx 

emissions from industrial, commercial and institutional water heaters in the 

SJVAB appear to be large enough to warrant control through new emission 

control measures. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Facilities with such units represent a wide range of 

industries, including medical facilities, educational institutions, office buildings, 

prisons, military facilities, hotels, and industrial facilities. Due to the diversity of 

industries, units in this source category are located throughout the District, but 

pi-imal-ily in urban and suburban settings. Thus the sources likely to be affected 

by this rule are not confined to a particular geographic area within the SJVAB nor 

are they confined to a particular economic sector. 

DESCRIPTION: The new rule would likely affect new commercial, industrial, or 

institutional water heaters with a rated heat input capacity between 75,000 Btulhr 

and 2 MMBtuIhr. These heaters typically use fuel combustion to heat water 

needed for industrial, commercial, or institutional processes. Affected units are 

similar in principle to residential water heaters, but combust fuel at greater rates 

and produce greater quantities of hot water. For this particular control measure, 

NOx prohibitory rules may be coupled with a financial incentive program to 

accelerate the replacement or retrofit of higher-polluting units. The District does 

not control these en~issions either through the perrr~itting process or through a 

prohibitory rule, and the District does not anticipate issuing permits for these 

units in the future. 

IMPLEMENTA TlON SCHEDULE: Rule adoption is scheduled for the fourth 

quarter of 2005. Standards will apply to new units commencing in the first 

quarter of 2007. Full implementation is expected to take 20 to 30 years. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total NOx emissions from 

sources subject to the Water Heaters control measure are estimated to be 1.4 

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tons per day in 2008. By 2010, through implementation of Control Measure N, 

the District anticipates a reduction of 0.2 tons per day of NOx from that amount 

(such that the 1.4 tonslday would be reduced to 1.2 tonslday). 

4.2.3.15 Control Measure 0: Rule 4401 (Steam-Enhanced Oil Well 

Vents) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rule 4401 is a New 

Commitment (ID L) in the PMlO Plan and a post-2003 Cor~trol Measure in the 

Ozone ROP Plan. VOC emissions from steam enhanced crude oil production 

well vents are significant and the rule can be strengthened to generate emission 

reductions. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This control measure would reduce VOC emissions 

from steam-enhanced crude oil production wells and associated vapor collection 

and control systems. 1998, there were approximately 23,000 active steam 

enhanced crude oil production wells in the SJVAB. Most of the steam enhanced 

crude oil production wells are located in Kern County. As the wells operate 

throughout the year, emissions occur uniformly during the year. Rule 4401 

prohibits the operation of steam enhanced crude oil production wells unless the 

VOC emissions from oil production well vents are reduced by at least 99 percent 

by weight. This level of control can be achieved through the operation of a vapor 

collection and control system. The rule also requires that well vent vapor 

collection and control systems be maintained in good repair, with standards for 

specified allowable number of leaks depending upon the number of wells 

connected to the systems. Limited numbers of cyclic wells that meet specified 

conditions are currently exempted from the rule. Sources are also subject to 

Rule 4002 (National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants). 

DESCRIP1-ION: Further emission reductions can be achieved by lowering the 

exemption thresholds to make more sources subject to the rule. The rule is 

enforced through District permit and enforcement programs and wo1.11d include 

inspections, annual on-site emission source testing, and record keepirlg. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption for this control measure is 

anticipated by the fourth quarter of 2006 and full BACM implementation is 

projected by 201 0. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total VOC emissions from 

sources subject to the Steam-Enhanced Crude Oil Production Well Vents control 

measure are estimated to be 13.2 tons per day in 2008. Upon full 

implementation of this rule, a reduction of 1.4 tons of VOC per day is anticipated. 

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4.2.3.16 Control Measure P: Rule 4651 (Soil Decontamination) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rule 4651 is identified in the 

Ozone ROP Plan as requiring additional emissions inventory development. This 

rule is designed to reduce VOC emissions created during activities in the 

remediation of contaminated soils. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This rule applies to projects for remediation of 

contaminated soils. Soil contamination from organic materials occurs due to 

leaking storage and handling systems, operating losses, and accidental spills. 

Remediation projects are normally short-lived, typically ranging from a few hours 

to a year, depending on the extent of the contamination. Due to the unplanned, 

unexpected and random nature of spills, it is not possible to quantify a specific 

number of sources. 

DESCRIPTION: This project would upgrade the control requirements for soil 

remediation operations. Soil remediation is normally conducted using either insitu techniques, in which the contaminated soil is left in place, or ex-situ 

techniques, in which the soil is excavated then treated and replaced, or 

permanently removed from the site. In-situ remediation techniques include soil 

vapor extraction, bioremediation, and liquid displacement. Ex-situ remediation 

techniques include limited aeration, thermal desorption (drying); and landfilling. 

VOC emissions generated by remediation projects can be controlled by a variety 

of common VOC controls such as capture and thermal destruction, biofiltration 

beds, carbon adsorption, condensation, and burial in sealed drums or in 

impermeable landfills. 

Past in-situ projects have predominantly relied on soil vapor extraction and either 

carbon adsorption or thermal destruction, but bioremediation has also gained 

favor for smaller projects. Bioremediation uses either naturally-occurring or 

specifically-introduced microbes to consume soil contaminants. Ex-situ 

remediation favors limited soil aeration for small or low-level concentration. 

Larger projects typically involve excavation and then landfilling the soil as a 

hazardous material. A limited survey of landfill operators indicated that as much 

as 90% of the contaminated soil received in 2002 was from sources outside the 

SJVAB. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption for this control measure is 

anticipated in the third quarter of 2007 with full implementation for VOC control 

projected for the year 2009. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total VOC emissions from 

sources subject to this control measure are estimated to be less than 0.05 tons 

per day in 2008. Upon full implementation of this rule, a reduction of less than 

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0.05 tons of VOC per day is anticipated. These figures are subject to revision 

since the current emissions inventory may not have captured all of the 

contaminated material originating from sources outside of the District. 

4.2.3.17 Control Measure Q: Rule 4103 (Open Burning Phase Ill) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rule 4103 is intended to 

reduce NOx and VOC emissions from the open burning of agricultural waste 

materials as required by recent amendments to the California Health and Safety 

Code (CH&SC), which are described below. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Rule 41 03 regulates and coordinates the use of open 

burning while trying to minimize impacts on the public. Affected sources are 

agricultural operations throughout the Valley which use open burning to dispose 

of agricultural waste, eliminate pests, and control plant diseases. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4103 prohibits agricultural burning on days that the District 

declares to be no-burn days. No-burn days are days during which meteorological 

conditions are not conducive to good ventilation and mixing, but they are not 

necessarily days expected to experience high ozone concentrations. Open 

burning is controlled on days when the ozone standard is in jeopardy of being 

exceeded. This rule also prescribes conditions under which burning must be 

conducted to minimize smoke and controls would be instituted on those days 

when emissions of NOx and VOC contribute to exceedances of the ozone 

standard. 

Open burning is now required be phased out between 2005 and 2010, pursuant 

to the schedule in CH&SC 41855.5(a). CH&SC 41855.6 allows the District to 

postpone the commencement date of a burn prohibition, provided several 

conditions exist, including the lack of economically feasible alternatives to 

burning. NOx and VOC emissions reduction will be achieved by the new 

requirement. CH&SC 41855.5(d)(I) requires the District develop a rule to 

regulate limited open burning for disposal of diseased crops and weed control. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: CH&SC 4.1855.5 mandated the schedule for 

rule development for these projects. On or before January 1, 2005, the District 

must propose to adopt the final diseased-crop burning rule at a noticed public 

hearing, and rule implementation must commence on or before January 1, 2006. 

Provisions of the open burning restrictions are self-implementing and will begin in 

June 2005 with full implementation by 2010. The District will adopt rule 

amendments before the applicable restriction dates which address appropriate 

provisions for selected materials for which there are no reasonable alternatives to 

burning. 

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EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION: Adoption for this control measure 

will be phased in during 2005 and 2007 with full implementation projected for the 

year 2010. Total emissions from sources subject to this control measure are 

estimated to be 2.3 tons of NOx and 5.8 tons of VOC per day in 2008. Upon full 

implementation of this rule, a reduction of 1 .I tons per day of NOx and 2.9 tons 

per day of VOC is anticipated in 2010. The exact reductions realized will depend 

on the extent to which open burning practices can be replaced by cost-effective, 

technologically feasible alternatives. 

4.2.3.18 Control Measure R: Rule 4682 (Polymeric Foam 

Manufacturing) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category was listed in the Ozone 

ROP Plan as an "All Feasible Measure" suggested by the EPA. Amending Rule 

4682 is intended to reduce VOC emissions from manufactl-wing polymeric foam 

and foam products by specifying material VOC content limits and emission 

control devices. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This category is primarily concerned with VOC 

emissions from the manufacturing of polystyrene, polyethylene, and 

polypropylene foam products, specifically consumer foam products such as 

coffee cups, food containers and packing material. There are ten manufacturers 

of these foam products located within the District. 

DESCRIPTION: Plastic foam products include a wide range of materials, 

including packaging for food and fragile products, building insulation, and a 

variety of other consumer items. Foams are manufactured by utilizing blowing 

agents, commonly hydrocarbons, which form vapor-filled "cells" within the plastic. 

After manufacturing, foam products contain residual blowing agent, which diffuse, 

while stored at the facility and after being transported from the facility. 

Rule 4682 limits emissions from polystyrene foam, polyethylene, and 

polypropylene manufacturing, but only for selected operations and equipment 

within the process. This rule would be expanded to include VOC emission 

reduction or control from product curing areas and general product storage, 

similar to those employed by several of the existing sources. 

Possible controls for this category include switching to an alternative, non-VOC 

blowing agent or employing capture and control systems for the VOC emissions. 

All ten manufacturers within the SJVUAPCD are still utilizing primarily VOC 

blowing agents (either directly or in the form of EPS beads). 

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IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption of Rule 4682 amendments is 

scheduled for the third quarter of 2007, and full implementation is scheduled for 

the fourth quarter in 2009. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: Total VOC emissions from 

sources subject to Rule 4682 are estimated to be 0.3 tons per day in 2008. Upon 

full implementation of this rule, less than 0.1 tons per day of VOC reductions are 

anticipated. 

4.2.3.19 Control Measure S: Rule 4703 (Stationary Gas Turbines) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category is being identified by 

public comment as warranting additional control measure development. Existing 

Rule 4703 addresses NOx emission limits for stationary gas turbines. This 

control measure would specifically examine controls for turbines rated less than 

10 MW and used for distributed power generation. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Stationary gas turbines are used for mechanical power, 

electrical power generation, and steam and heat generation roles in oil 

production and refining, food processing, petroleum transportation, irrigation 

district water pumping, and commercial power generation. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4703 limits NOx emissions from turbines. Existing 

turbines in the SJVAB generally control NOx emissions through water or steam 

injection, dry low-NOx combustion technology, selective catalytic reduction, or 

some combination thereof. Since this rule was last amended in 2002, CARB 

published emission standards for turbines used in electrical power generation. 

The CARB standards apply to new or modified turbines but may be attainable by 

existing turbines depending on the development of new burner technology. The 

control measure would examine the feasibility of CARB NOx and CO limits for 

stationary gas turbines, rated <I 0.0 MW. Turbines rated greater than 10 MW are 

subject to requirements similar to the CARB limits. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption for tl- is control measure is 

anticipated in the third quarter of 2007 with full implementation for NOx control 

projected for the year 201 0. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: The emissions from sources 

affected by the control measure are estimated at 2.5 tons NOxIday. Upon final 

implementation of the proposed control measure, a reduction of 0.6 tons of NOx 

per day is anticipated. 

4.2.3.20 Control Measure T: Rule 4621 (Storage and Transfer of 

Gasoline) and Rule 4624 (Organic Liquid Loading) 

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REASON-FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rules 4621 and 4624 is a 

Post-2003 Control Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. It is designed to reduce 

VOC emissions from gasoline terminals and bulk plants which result from 

transfer equipment and operations. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Rule 4621 applies to bulk plants storing gasoline in 

large, aboveground tanks, and transferring the gasoline to delivery trucks via 

loadivg racks. There are fugitive VOC emissions from the fittings on the tanks, 

piping (valves and flanges), and from the loading rack operations (displaced 

vapor space from the delivery trucks). 

DESCRIPTION: Rules 4624 and 4621 contains VOC emission control 

performance limit for tanks and equipment used to store and transfer organic 

liquid, specifically gasoline. Since the last rule update, the standards for control 

of VOC fugitive emissions have become more stringent. Strengthening the 

current rule standards is feasible and would result in additional emission 

reductions. Possible control enhancements include increased inspection and 

maintenance frequencies, tank seal repair or replacement, and retrofitting old 

systems with newer technologies. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption for this control measure is 

anticipated in the fourth quarter of 2007 with full implementation for VOC controls 

projected for the year 201 0. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: The emissions from sources 

affected by the control measure are estimated at 3.3 tons VOC per day in 2008. 

Upon final implementation of the proposed control measure, a reduction of 0.9 

tons of VOC per day is anticipated. 

4.2.3.21 Control Measure U: New Rule (Aviation Fuel Transfer, Phase I) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category is a Post-2003 Control 

Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. The new rule would reduce fugithe VOC 

emissions created during Phase 1 aircraft refueling operations. Phase 1 

operations include filling aviation fuel bulk storage tanks using primary fuel 

delivery trucks as well as filling an airport's fuel delivery trucks from the bulk 

storage tanks. It does not include filling an aircraft's on-board fuel tanks. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This measure would affect operations with bulk aviation 

fuel storage, including military, civilian, and private airports or air fleet services. 

These tanks typically hold either aviation gasoline or a variety of kerosene-based 

jet fuel. There are 43 airports in the SJVAB that sell one or both types of ,these 

fuels. 

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DESCRIPTION: This operation would investigate the emission inventory and 

feasible control measures for bulk aviation fuel storage tanks. Fugitive VOC 

emissions are released from these tanks due to spillage and vapor displacement 

during Phase 1 operations and from venting through relief valves to prevent 

excessive pressure from diurnal heating. 

Rule 4621 addresses Phase 1 requirements for tanks holding motor vehicle fuel, 

but not aviation fuel. Also, while Rule 4623 addresses fueling motor vehicles, it 

does not apply to fueling aircraft since aircraft do not have uniform fueling points 

and the Phase 2 equipment is not certified for that use. 

Fugitive emissions can be controlled with pressure-vacuum relief valves on 

storage tanks, submerged'fill tubes to reduce splashing, and vapor recovery or 

destruction systems similar to those used for Phase I motor vehicle fueling 

operations. 

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE: Adoption for this control measure is 

anticipated in the fourth quarter of 2007 with full implementation for VOC control 

is projected for the year 201 0. 

EMISSIONS AND EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS: The emissions from sources 

affected by the control measure are estimated at 0.2 tons VOC per day in 2008. 

Upon final implementation of the proposed control measure, a reduction of less 

than 0.05 tons of VOC per day is anticipated. 

4.2.4 Potential Control Measures Requiring Further Study 

This section provides information about the possible future control measures, as 

shown in Table 4-2, which require further study. Exact details of the resulting 

rules will be determined during the rule development process based on 

applicable federal, state and local requirements, socioeconomic factors and 

specific information provided by the public comments. Some of these are control 

measures with small baseline inventories that would be the least effective in 

achieving significant emission reductions in an expeditious manner. These 

control measures will be further evaluated and may be eliminated as potential 

controls. 

4.2.4.1 Further Study Project A: Rule 2280 (Portable Equipment 

Registration Program) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rule 2280 is a Post -2003 

Control Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. This control measure could reduce 

NOx emissions from fuel combustion by registered portable equipment. 

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AFFECTED SOURCES: Rule 2280 applies to portable equipment that is 

operated at various locations in the District and are not registered under the state 

portable equipment program. Such equipment, primarily portable engines, is 

used in many industries for a variety of tasks including electrical power 

generation, pumping, concrete production, abrasive blasting, and providing 

mechanical power. District emission estimates are calculated by ARB using their 

Off-Road Model. Current ARB and the District registries for these types of 

equipment may be incomplete due to units that are not registered with either 

agency or which could be registered with other districts. 

DESCRIPTION: Portable engines create NOx emissions by burning diesel fuel, 

gasoline, natural gas, or propane/liquefied petroleuni gas. Such units are 

required to register with either the District or with ARB and are subject to the 

en-~ission standards of the applicable portable engine registration program. New 

units are subject to emission standards set by ARB and EPA for the current year 

of manufacture. 

Emissions from older diesel engines can be significantly higher (1 2 grams 

NOx/bhp-hr) than currer~tly manufactured diesel engines (5.9 grams NOx/bhpt~r). Starting in 2006, the new engine standard will drop to 3.0 gram (NOx + 

VOC)/bhp-hr for larger engines, with all new engines meeting that standard by 

2008. It is important to note that manufacturers may meet the emission 

standards on a production-averaged basis and that individual engines or engine 

types may have higher emissions. 

Spark-ignited engines are not expected to generate comparable emission 

reductions since these engines typically meet or exceed the applicable EPA and 

ARB standards. 

The state portable equipment regulation program is currently under revision to 

address the health risks associated with emissions of diesel particulate 

emissions. These emissions can be effectively controlled with either diesel 

oxidation catalyst, and catalyzed diesel particulate filters. Both catalysts also 

reduce 50-90% of VOC emissions, used in conjunction with lower-sulfur fuel. The 

diesel fuel sulfur limit will be lowered to 15 ppmv effective September 1, 2006. 

Similar catalysts for NOx reduction are under development for off-road engine 

applications and may be suitable for portable engine applications after further 

re,finement. 

It is also feasible to generate NOx reductions through the replacement of 

existing, older portable engines with newer units according to an advanced 

retirement schedule. 

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4.2.4.2 Further Study Project B - New Rule (Asphalt Plant 

DryerslHeaters) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category is a Post-2003 Control 

Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. This new rule could reduce NOx and VOC 

emissions asphalt production operations. There are currently no District rules 

specifically addressing asphalt production equipment. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This control measure would apply to asphalt production 

facilities operating in the District with material heating equipment. 

DESCRIPTION: Asphalt is produced using a mixture of mineral and petroleum 

components. During production, the mineral components, gravel and crushed 

rocks, is heated to remove excess moisture before mixing with the petroleumbased binding agent. Heat may also be used to heat the petroleum binder during 

mixing and storage. A direct-fired heater is typically used for the dryinglmixing 

process, so the heater exhaust is contaminated with PMIO and VOC released 

from the heated products. PMIO and VOC emissions, commonly seen as blue 

smoke, may also result from the material handling and storage equipment. 

Significant NOx emissions can also result from combustion of fuel for the 

heaters. 

Possible control measures include clean burning fuel and low-NOx burners for 

the heaters, capture and controls for the blue smoke emissions, and catalytic 

particulate filters to reduce fugitive VOC and PMIO from the exhaust stream. 

This control measure is being addressed as part of Control Measure I. 

4.2.4.3 Further Study Project C: Rules 4402 and 4625 (Sumps, Pits, 

and Wastewater Processing Equipment) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category is a Post-2003 Control 

Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. Amending Rules 4402 and 4625 would reduce 

VOC emissions from oilfield sumps, pits, and wastewater processing equipment. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Rules 4402 and 4625 apply to oil and gas production 

sumps, pits and wastewater processing equipment. There approximately 200 

businesses in the approximately 105 oil andlor gas production fields in the 

SJVAB. 

DESCRIPTION: Oil and gas production operations generate large quantities of 

wastewater and sand as a waste product of the primary extraction. Many of 

these facilities use open pits to separate oil, water and sand generated during oil 

and gas production. Most primary separation is now accomplished in controlled 

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separation tanks, but secondary and final separation can still occur in open pits. 

The District is updating the emissions inventory of those sumps, including both 

heavy and light crude oil facilities. The District will also explore feasible control 

options that could generate additional VOC emission reductions. 

4.2.4.4 Further Study Project D - New Rule (Fugitive Emissions - 

Heavy Oil Stream) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category requires additional 

emissions inventory development. Additional controls could reduce fugitive VOC 

emissions from equipment used in heavy crude oil production, transport, and 

refining. Heavy crude oil is defined as oil having an API gravity of less than 30 

degrees. The District currently has no rules specifically addressing these heavy 

crude equipment emissions. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This rule would apply to sources involved with heavy 

crude oil crude oil production, transport and refining. 

DESCRIPTION: This category requires an emissions inventory of fugitive volatile 

organic compounds from leaking components that carry streams of heavy crude 

oil that are located in crude oil production and processing facilities and crude oil 

refining facilities. Heavy crude oil components are currently exempt from existing 

District Rules 4403, 4451, and 4452 as well as new Rules 4409 and 4455 that 

are currently under development. District Rule 4401 addresses casing gases 

associated with heavy crude oil production but not components on liquid streams. 

The District does not currently have information on the number of heavy crude oil 

components. Estimates of the VOC emissions from leaking components are 

related to the total number of components and can be calculated using EPA, 

ARB or CAPCOA methodologies. 

Possible controls include establishing allowable the gaseous leak threshold(s), 

creating an inspection and repair programs with a specific minimum frequency of 

inspection, stating the maximum repair period for leaking components, and 

requiring replacement of frequently leaking components with Best Available 

Control Technology. 

4.2.4.5 Further Study Project E: Rule 4653 (Adhesives) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category was listed in the Ozone 

ROP Plan as an All Feasible Measure suggested by the EPA. Amending Rule 

4653 could reduce VOC emissions from use of adhesives by specifying material 

VOC standards andlor requiring the use of alternate emission control system. 

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AFFECTED SOURCES: Adhesive materials are used in a wide variety of 

industries including commercial production facilities, construction activities, and 

maintenance and repair operations. Rule 4653 exempts users of less than 20 

gallons of adhesives per year so most affected sources will be commercial users 

in the manufacturing or construction fields. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4653 controls VOC emissions resulting from adhesive 

usage. VOC err~issions result from the solvents used to pre-clean materials 

being bonded, from the adhesive material as it cures, and from solvents used to 

clean the finished product and application equipment. The existing material VOC 

content limits and exemptions will be examined to determine if stricter standards 

can be developed similar to those recently proposed by other air districts. 

4.2.4.6 Further Study Project F: Rule 4607 (Graphic Arts) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category is a Post-2003 Control 

Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. Amending Rule 4607 would reduce fugitive 

VOC emissions from graphic arts operations involved in the coating of paper, 

fabric and film coating and those involved in screen printing. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: The measure would affect any new or existing 

operations involved with graphic arts, paper or fabric coating, and screen 

printing. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4607 controls emissions from graphic arts operations by 

specifying coating material VOC limits, cleaning solvent VOC limits, allowable 

application equipment, evaporative loss minimization practices, and en-~ission 

control options. Since this rule was last amended, other air districts have adopted 

more stringent VOC limits for certain coatings categories. Amendments to this 

rule could incorporate those new standards and help establish a uniform graphic 

arts requirement throughout California. 

4.2.4.7 Further Study Project G: Rule 4641 (Cutback Asphalt 

Application) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category is a Post-2003 Control 

Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. Amending Rule 4641 could reduce VOC 

emissions from cutback asphalt application. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This control measure would apply to operators involved 

with the manufacture and use of cutback asphalt, slow cure asphalt and 

emulsified asphalt. Use of these asphalts includes roadway paving and 

maintenance operations, parking area constr~~ction, and dust control. 

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DESCRIPTION: Cutback asphalt is a paving grade of asphalt liquefied with 

petroleum distillates and generally classified as medium or rapid cure as defined 

in Rule 4641. Rule 4641 controls VOC emissions by limiting the use of asphaltic 

materials and allowable application temperature. While the VOC content of 

asphaltic roof coating material is regulated under Rule 4601, further emission 

reductions may be possible by extending this rule to include asphalt roofing 

operations. Such operations heat the asphalt to allow application on large 

industrial facilities. The heating of the asphalt in large kettles results in fugitive 

VOC emissions. Possible controls for such kettles include close-fitting lids, 

tightly controlled operating temperatures, and afterburners. Some operators 

already use lids and operating temperature lirr~its to reduce smoke and odors. 

The afterburners, however, are uncommon for this application and may require 

early retirement of existing kettles. 

4.2.4.8 Further Study Project H: Rule 4692 (Restaurants - Under-fired 

Charbroilers) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: This category is a Post-2003 Control 

Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. Amending Rule 4692 would reduce fugitive 

VOC emissions from restaurants using charbroiling equipment for food 

preparation. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: This control measure would affect any new or existing 

operations involved with under-fired charbroilers. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4692 currently applies to restaurants using chain-driven 

charbroilers. At the time the rule was adopted in March 2002, the only feasible 

control was not applicable to under-fired charbroilers. An under-fired charbroiler 

is a grill in which food is placed on an iron grate above a heat source. As the 

food cooks, fats or marinades drip onto heat source producing smoke that 

provides the characteristic charred flavor. In the late 1990's, studies on 

charbroiler emission factors found that under-fired charbroiling is the method that 

produces the largest amount of PM and VOC emissions. 

Due to the enclosed nature of a chain-driven charbroiler, it is possible to equip 

such equipment with an exhaust catalytic converter to control the VOC 

emissions. Under-fired charbroilers, however, are more open units with 

significantly lower exhaust temperatures that are not compatible with catalytic 

converter controls. 

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4.2.4.9 Further Study Project I: Rule 4902 (Residential Water Heaters) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Amending Rule 4902 was identified as 

under the Significant Source Category in the PMIO Plan and a Post-2003 Control 

Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Residential water heaters are typically fired on natural 

gas or propane, emitting NOx emissions from the combustion of the fuel. These 

units are located throughout the District in urban, suburban, and rural settings. 

DESCRIPTION: These units are currently regulated by the District under Rule 

4902. That rule requires new and replacement heaters to be certified with NOx 

emissions of less than 40 nanograms per Joule (0.093 Ib NOx per million BTU) of 

heat output. The South Coast AQMD Rule 1121 will require residential water 

heaters to meet a 10 nanograms per Joule NOx standard in 2005. That standard 

is not considered to have been demonstrated as technologically feasible, but 

may be so demonstrated in the future. If such equipment is manufactured and 

readily available, the District could achieve a 75% NOx reduction by adopting a 

similar standard. That standard would only apply to new or replacement water 

heaters so units installed prior to the any new standard taking effect would 

remain for their useful life. 

4.2.4.10 Further Study Project J - New Rule ( Furnaces) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: : This category is a Post-2003 Control 

Measure in the Ozone ROP Plan. It was designated as a control measure to 

reduce NOx emissions from industrial furnaces. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: Industrial furnaces are typically fired on natural gas or 

propane, emitting NOx emissions from the combustion of the fuel. These units 

are located throughout the District in a variety of industries which require high 

temperatures for operations such as smelting, curing materials, heat treating 

metals, ceramic firing, and cleaning impurities from metal products. 

DESCRIPTION: Rule 4305 and 4306 regulate boilers, steam generators and 

process heaters but specifically excludes furnaces. Furnaces typically use a 

direct-fired heater where the material being heated directly contacts the exhaust 

from the burner. This contact can lead to the heater exhaust becoming 

contaminated with PMIO and VOC released from the heated products. 

Significant NOx emissions can also result from combustion of fuel for the 

heaters. 

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Possible control measures include clean burning fuel and low-NOx burners for 

the heaters and catalytic particulate filters to reduce fugitive VOC and PMIO from 

the exhaust stream. 

4.2.4.1 1 Further Study Project K: New Rule (Brandy Production) 

REASON FOR CONTROL MEASURE: Brandy production is a potentially 

significant source of VOC emissions. New control measures could be designed 

to reduce VOC emissions created during the production of brandy, including 

distillation, aging and bottling. 

AFFECTED SOURCES: The California Department of Alcoholic Beverage 

Control (ABC) maintains a database of all facilities permitted to produce alcoholic 

beverages in California. The database contains facility specific information 

covering permitted production volumes and licensed operation of alcohol stills. 

DESCRIPTION: Brandy production is not currently regulated by the District 

permitting process or addressed by a prohibitory rule. VOC emissions in brandy 

production are created during distillation, aging, and bottling. Brandy is typically 

aged for 2 to 10 years in oak barrels and this is considered the largest source of 

VOC emissions from this process. 

Emission controls (other than process refrigeration) are not currently being used 

during the production of wines. Reductions of VOC could be achieved by 

equipping distillation equipment, storage facilities, and processing areas with 

vapor collection and control systems, carbon adsorption, water scrubbers, 

catalytic incineration, condensation, and additional temperature control, as 

appropriate. 

4.2.5 Reasonably Available Control Technologies (RACT) 

Section 172(c)(l) of the federal Clean Air Act requires nonattainment plans to: 

"provide for the implementation of all reasonably available control measures as 

expeditiously as practical (including such reductions in emissions from existing 

sources in the area as may be obtained through the adoption, at a minimum, of 

reasonably available control technology) and shall provide for attainment of the 

national primary ambient air quality standards." 

For areas designated as extreme non-attainment status, RACT control measures 

would apply to sources with emissions greater than 10 tons per year. As a prior 

severe nonattainment area, the District already had RACT for sources greater 

than 25 tons. Therefore, staff only evaluated the existing permitted sources with 

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baseline inventories between 10 and 25 tons per year of NOx or VOC. Based 

upon this evaluation, the District identified the following RACT control measures: 

4.2.5.1 Dryers and Dehydrators 

NOx emissions from large industrial dryers are not currently addressed by 

existing rules but are scheduled for developme~it in Table 4-1 as Control 

Measure 1, Commercial Dryers. 

4.2.5.2 Flares 

NOx emissions from flares at major sources are addressed by Rule 431 1 

(Flares). Sources emitting between 10 and 25 tons per year would become 

subject to this rule when the definition of "Major Source" is amended in Rule 

2201 (New and Modified Stationary Source Review). 

4.2.5.3 Jet Engine Test Cells 

NOx emissions from jet engine test cells are difficult to control through traditional 

means due to the high flow, low NOx concentration, and low temperature of the 

exhaust stream. A review of existing BACT clearinghouses failed to produce 

viable control measures. The emissions from the source located in the District 

will be limited by a Federal Operating Permit that is enforceable through Title V of 

the federal Clean Air Act. Given the lack of available controls and the federal 

enforceability of the existing limits, the District will monitor potential future 

controls for this category, but does not plan to schedule a control measure at this 

time. 

4.2.5.4 Fumigation - Agricultural Products 

The California Department of Pesticide Regulation has authority over field 

application of Methyl Bromide (MeBr) for soil fumigation. The District has 

authority over application of MeBr released from post-harvest fumigation of 

agricultural products. In 1999, the EPA has developed a schedule for the phaseout of MeBr in accordance with the 1987 Montreal Protocol. While some 

exceptions are currently being considered for critical uses, a critical use cap will 

significantly eliminate these emissions and negate the need for any rule-making 

action. 

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4.2.6 Clean Fuels or Advanced Control Technology 

Section 182(e)(3) of the federal Clean Air Act directs extreme nonattainment 

areas to require: 

"that each new, modified, and existing electric utility and industrial and 

commercial boiler which emits more than 25 tons per year of oxides of nitrogen - 

(A) burn as its primary fuel natural gas, methanol, or ethanol (or comparable 

low polluting fuel), or 

(6) use advanced technology (such as catalytic control technology or other 

comparably effective control methods) for reduction of emissions of 

nitrogen" 

District Rules 4305, 4306, and 4352 address NOx emission limits for the boilers 

in this category. 

Most of the boilers under Rules 4305 and 4306 are fired on natural gas and 

therefore satisfy the requirement of paragraph (A) above. 

Liquid-fuel fired boilers are also addressed by ,those rules and the applicable 

NOx emission limits satisfy the requirement of paragraph (6) above. 

Solid-fuel fired boilers are addressed by Rule 4352 and the applicable NOx 

emission limits satisfy the requirement of paragraph (6) above. 

Therefore, the District already complies with this requirement and there is no 

need to include additional control measures in this plan to satisfy the section of 

the federal Clean Air Act. 

4.3 FUTURE STUDY MEASURES 

The California Clean Air Act requires districts to develop ambient air quality 

standard attainment plans that consider "the full spectrum of emission sources 

and focus particular attention on reducing emissions from transportation and 

area-wide emission sources." (Health and Safety Code, Section 40910). In 

particular, districts responsible for air basins designated as having "serious," 

"severe," or "extreme" air pollution, "shall, to the extent necessary to meet the 

requirements of the plan ,..." include in their attainment plans "[m]easures to 

achieve the use of a significant number of low-emission motor vehicles by 

operators of motor vehicle fleets." [Health and Safety Code section 4091 9(a)(4)]. 

Although ARB is responsible for setting vehicle emission standards, ARB and 

districts such as the SJVUAPCD have the authority to ensure that cleaner 

vehicles are employed. 

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Appendix F summarizes control measure concepts suggested by stakeholders 

during or after the first two sets of workshops held for this Extreme OADP. 

Control measures listed in Tables 4-1 and 4-2, as well as the ideas for future 

measures listed below, capture a number of these concepts. The District will 

consider these and other ideas for control measures to be used in the 

development of future ozone attainment demonstration plans. Section 4.3.1 

addresses mobile sources, Section 4.3.2 addresses other types of sources 

(particularly as suggested by stakeholders during public review of the Draft 

Extreme OADP-see Appendix H), and Section 4.3.3 describes ideas for nontraditional methods of reducing air pollution, termed "sustainable incentives." 

4.3.1 Mobile Sources 

ARB is adopting or developing several mobile source rules. These rules address 

err~issions from refuse haulers, urban transit vehicles, and other heavy duty 

vehicles; vehicle idling limits; diesel fuel sulfur limits; toxic emissions from 

transportation refrigeration units; and other similar measures. The District is not 

currently planning to pursue any enhanced requirements to the mobile source 

rules that ARB has adopted or is developing. 

Stakeholders have identified a number of potential non-traditional mobile source 

emission control measure ideas for future study. The District will investigate the 

feasibility of additional programs that reduce eniissions from mobile sources. 

These measures would address sources commonly outside District jurisdiction, 

and thus would necessitate teaming with other agencies that have more direct 

authority over these sources. Several special programs have been suggested 

that could reduce mobile source emissions, including the following: 

Gross emitters, both passenger and heavy-duty vehicles, can produce ten 

times the emissions of newer vehicles. An effective program for reducing 

emissions from this source category would have the following key elements: 

(1) a remote sensing program that identifies and targets only the grossemitting vehicles that are used on a regular basis; (2) adequate financial 

incentives to encourage retirement of the gross-emitting vehicle; and (3) use 

of a voucher (or similar system) to ensure that incentives can only be used to 

purchase a vehicle with lower emissions than the one being replaced. 

e Emissions from heavy-duty vehicles increase with higher operating speeds, 

so reductions of NOx, VOC, and diesel PM may be possible with stricter 

enforcement of the existing speed limits on public roads, highways and 

freeways. The District could work to develop funding sources for special CHP 

patrols along Highway 99 for increased enforcement of truck speed limits. 

The ARB Heavy-duty Vehicle Inspections program for conducting roadside 

testing of heavy-duty vehicles primarily focuses on Highway 99 and l nterstate 

5, and is very limited in scope due to current state budget problems. The 

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District could seek special funding to revitalize and strengthen this program to 

increase its geographic coverage and to include anti-smoke inspection; RPM 

recording; snap-acceleration test; visual inspection of emissions, and fuel 

testing to ensure use of California diesel. These roadside inspections can 

identify gross-polluters that may otherwise escape the normal inspection 

requirements. -This area of further study is also of particular interest given the 

greater potential for foreign-registered trucks to pass through the SJVAB in 

light of the June 2004 U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding the North 

American Free Trade Agreement; foreign-registered trucks may have 

substantially different emissions profiles than U.S. registered trucks. 

Through-truck traffic on Highway 99 can produce significant emissions along 

the most densely populated portion of the Valley. Re-designation of Highway 

99 between Manteca and Wheeler Ridge as a "no through-truck route" and 

designating Interstate 5 as sole truck route for through-Valley truck traffic 

would mitigate the impact of the trucks without unduly impacting the interstate 

conimerce. This measure would also reduce congestion for local traffic, 

decrease intra-valley travel time, and reduce the associated emissions. 

Heavy-duty vehicles may idle at truck stops for hours at a time to run 

refrigerators and provide power for operator air conditioning during meal 

breaks and rest stops. Emissions from idling trucks at truck stops can be 

reduced with alternative power systems such as auxiliary power units, thermal 

storage systems, and truck stop electrification. Each of these supplies power 

and other needed amenities to truck stop customers but with a lower 

emissions burden than idling each truck's diesel engine. 

ARB'S emission reduction program for mobile sources is highly dependent on 

lleet turnover. Fleet turnover could be enhanced by adjusting the California 

vehicle license fee and registration fee such that as vehicles age, they 

become more expensive to register. New vehicles, which at any given time 

are the lowest emitters, would be the least expensive to register. 

Consideration could also be given to giving further fee reductions to vehicles 

with emissions ratings of ATPZEV or better that are registered and used in 

the state's dirtiest air basins. 

4.3.2 Other Sources 

Stakeholders have suggested a number of control measure ideas that do not 

involve the mobile source emission category. Principal among these are ideas 

for using the vegetation in and around urban areas to help manage air quality 

with the recognition that such vegetation can function as both a source of ozone 

precursor emissions as well as a sink for ozone. Major ideas suggested were: 

Study the role of urban landscaping and agriculture in the SJVAB's air 

quality, perhaps through CCOS. The study should include the concept of 

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vegetative buffer zones, especially hardwood forests, around urban areas 

experiencirlg high ozone levels. 

Create urban tree planting guidelines for highways, parks and private 

development that emphasize air quality improvements (e.g., areas with 

high asthma rates would encourage low pollen, low allergenic species); 

Develop an education program for agencies, schools, the public, nurseries 

and landscapers that provides information on 

o biogenic emissions from various plants used in urban landscapes, 

o the role of these plants in contributing to ozone production, and 

o equipment emissions from maintaining various types of landscapes 

(e.g., a lawn requires more cutting and leaf blowing than an area 

planted with groundcovers). 

Identify sources of funding for public agencies to make landscape 

changes that improve ozone air quality. 

4.3.3 Sustainable lncentives 

Alternative approaches for reducing emissions, as discussed in the following 

paragraphs, have been suggested for consideration by a number of parties. The 

District is considering how to work these ideas for alternative approaches into its 

control strategy where feasible. 

To promote the implementation of practices that reduce air pollution from a 

variety of sources, including exempt sources, industry suggested the 

development of sustainable incentives. The concept of sustainable incentives 

includes financial measures, programs, andlor prohibitory rule alternative 

compliance plans that provide an economic mechanism to fund air pollution 

reduction measures. Sustainable incentives may be in the form of private 

industry andlor fol-~ndation grants, federal andlor state government grants, tax 

credits, prohibitory rule incentives, and other programs. 

The concept of sustainable incentives is based upon existing programs such as 

the federal farm bill's "Environmental Quality lncentives Program (EQIP); the 

State's Carl Moyer Program; the District's Heavy-Duty Program (see next 

section), and other programs that offset the implementation cost of pollution 

reduction measures. Many of these existing programs operate within the 

framework of a partnership involving private industry, the public, and public 

agencies. 

As proposed by industry, the concept of sustainable incentives revolves around a 

market-based approach to pollution reduction using measures that are 

economically sound and that are supported by scientific research. Basic 

concepts could include 

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Local air pollution controllair quality management districts, 

EPA, and ARB would assist local municipalities and other 

public agencies in acquiring additional funding. The funding 

would be used to implement emission reductions; expand 

existing incentive programs, such as EQIP and Carl Moyer; 

and offset mitigation cost needs of the local transportation 

agencies and communities. Such funding could be 

generated from either governmental sources in the form of 

grants or from industrial sources in the form of alternative 

compliance fees or penalties. 

These regulatory agencies would consider suggestions for 

alternative emission reduction programs that generate 

equivalent emissions reductions to those identified in 

prohibitory rules, but are less costly to implement. Such 

programs would obtain emission reductions by contributing 

to such programs as EQIP, by reducing onsite emissions, 

or by allowing the use of valid emissions reductions from 

secondary sources located in the immediate vicinity of 

. those sources seeking the use of the alternative emission 

reductions. 

4.4 DISTRICT INCENTIVE PROGRAMS 

The District has operated incentive programs since 1992. The programs have 

expanded in funding and increased in sophistication over the years. lncentive 

program funding has been derived from several sources. Current programs use a 

combination of state and local funds including ARB'S Carl Moyer Program, San 

Joaquin Valley Emergency Clean Air Attainment Program (VECAP) funds, State 

Peaker Power Plant Offset (State ERC) funds, and District Department of Motor 

Vehicles Surcharge Fees (DMV Fees). Of these funding sources, only DMV fees 

are under the sole control of the District. The District has achieved significant, 

cost-effective emission reductions from a variety of grant programs. The District 

has awarded over $80 million to projects that have resulted in over 33 tons of 

lifetime emission reductions at a cost-effectiveness of approximately $6,50Olton. 

The District is currently operating two programs aimed at reducing ozone 

precursor emissions: the Heavy-Duty Engine Emission Reduction lncentive 

Program (Heavy-Duty Program) and the Electric Lawnmower Incentives 

Program. Each of these is discussed below, followed by a discussion of future 

programs 

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4.4.1 Heavy-Duty Engine Emission Reduction Incentive Program 

The Heavy-Duty Engine Emission Reduction Incentive Program (Heavy-Duty 

Program) is by far the District's largest and most successful incentive program. 

The Heavy-Duty Program accepts applications for a wide variety of engines that 

power vehicles or equipment. Heavy-duty trucks, buses, and heavy off-road 

engines are significant sources of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions within the 

Valley. Although the District does not have the authority to regulate vehicle 

tailpipe emissions, it can provide monetary incentives to reduce err~ission from 

these sources. It provides funding for new purchases, engine re-powering, or 

retrofits. Emission reductions are obtained when the project applicant purchases 

vehicles and engines that are cleaner than required by current emission 

standards or installs an emission certified retrofit kit on an existing engine. The 

District pays the differential cost of purchasing the lower emitting technology 

compared to conventional technology up to a cost-effectiveness cap of $1 3,600 

per ton for NOx. The program is primarily aimed at NOx reductions, but many 

projects also achieve fine particulate matter (PM 10) reductions. 

The first projects that were funded under the Heavy-Duty Program began 

operating in 1998. Since then, additional funds have been allocated each year to 

the program and additional projects have become operational. Project life varies 

from 7 to 20 years depending on the application. The averqge project life is 7.7 

years based on the mix of projects received to date. 

SIP submittals for the SJVAB typically have not included emission reductions 

from the Heavy-Duty Program. However, the 2003 PMIO Plan did include 

reductions in the mobile source category from the Heavy Duty Engine incentive 

program. This Extreme OADP uses a similar approach for incentive-based 

emissions reductions. 

4.4.2 Electric Lawnmower Incentives 

The District held lawnmower exchanges in 2001 and 2002. A total of 2260 

electric, rechargeable mowers were distributed at a 50 percent discount to 

residents in Bakersfield, Fresno, Merced, Modesto, Stockton and Visalia. The 

events were made possible through support and sponsorship from Black and 

Decker; the California Air Resources Board; California Integrated Waste 

Management Board; Fresno, Merced, Stanislaus and Tulare counties; and the 

cities of Bakersfield, Fresno and Modesto. For 2004, the District funding 

provided similar incentives in the form of discount coupons for electric and pushtype lawn mowers; 327 mowers were sold in 2004 under the coupon program. 

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4.4.3 Future Programs 

The Mobile Source Emission Reduction Incentive Program (MSIP) is the most 

developed of the future programs. Although not yet approved by the Governing 

Board as of July 2004, MSlP provides incentives for specific projects that will 

reduce motor vehicle emissions within the District. The purpose of the MSlP is to 

assist the District in attaining the requirements of the California Clean Air Act. 

This is accomplished by allocating funds to cost-effective projects that have the 

greatest motor vehicle emission reductions, thereby creating long-term air quality 

benefits for the San Joaquin Valley. All projects must have a direct air quality 

benefit to the District. Any portion of a project that does not directly benefit the 

District within its boundaries will not be allowed for funding or in calculating 

emission reductions. Principal MSlP components that are envisioned at this time 

include the Light- and Medium-Duty Vehicle Component, the E-Mobility 

(Telecommunications) Component, the Bicycle Infrastructure Component, the 

Public Transportation and Commuter Vanpool Subsidy Component, and the 

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Mechanic Training Component. 

4.5 PUBLIC EDUCATION 

Engaging the public in efforts to reduce emissions is a key element of the ozone 

attainment demonstration strategy. Education increases public support for new 

and controversial regulations. Helping people understand the complex issues 

underlying the ozone problem further improves this support. There are many 

actions that individuals can undertake to reduce emissions that cause ozone. 

When members of the public are aware that they can make a difference and are 

convinced that the problem is real, many people will change their behavior in a 

positive way. 

The District's educational program has expanded and evolved over the years. It 

uses a variety of media and techniques to ensure the widest possible 

dissemination of air quality information. It uses direct marketing approaches with 

traditional media including television, radio, and print. It networks with other 

agencies, educational institutions, organizations, industry groups, and the news 

media in educational efforts. It produces educational materials, such as videos, 

brochures, and fact sheets that provide focused information to targeted 

audiences. 

While this section of the Extreme OADP does not specify emissions reductions 

that can be used for attainment demonstrations or rate of progress 

demonstrations, it is a very important component of the District's overall air 

quality management program. The following sections describe key elements of 

the District's Public Education program that help reduce emissions. 

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4.5.1 Outreach Program 

The District's outreach program contains traditional approaches and approaches 

that are unique to the SJVAB. An overview of the District's program is provided 

below. 

Spare the Air - The District's Spare the Air Program is a voluntary program that 

encourages businesses and residents to avoid pollution-producing activities on 

days when high ozone levels are expected, primarily during the summer season. 

In addition to extensive multi-media English and Spanish language campaigns, 

information regarding the program is communicated to employers through 

comprehensive employer packets (bilingual), and Spare the Air fairs throughout 

the Valley. -The District notifies participating employers and the public, via faxes, 

news broadcasts, and radio announcements, when it is predicted that the ozone 

standard will be exceeded the following day. The public is asked to postpone or 

avoid such activities as using oil-based paints, solvents, aerosol spray cans, and 

gasoline-powered lawn equipment, and avoid making unnecessary vehicle trips. 

Educational Videos - The District is working on development of educational 

videos for improving air quality. A recent project focuses on topics such as why 

we have air quality problems in the SJVAB, where the pollution comes from, the 

impact of air pollution on public health, agricultural crops and natural vegetation, 

and District Rules and Regulations. The District has produced three other 

educational videos; two of these videos describe commute alternatives, and the 

third explains the District's Spare the Air program. 

Valleywide Public Service Announcements and Paid Advertisinq - Public Service 

Announcements (PSAs) have been created for use on television and radio 

stations throughout the SJVAB. These short PSAs (30-60 second) remind the 

public to use public transportation, share rides to work (rideshare), walk to lunch, 

buy nonvolatile consumer products, etc., as their contribution to improving air 

quality. Also, through enhanced public outreach, the District has strengthened its 

Smoking Vehicle Program, which encourages the public to report vehicles with 

excessive visible emissions. An extensive public outreach campaign also 

informs SJVAB residents about the Spare the Air program. 

Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) Predictions - Daily PSI predictions are faxed 

directly to local television, radio, and newspaper media to educate the public 

about air quality and advise them of days with poor air quality so that activities 

can be modified. The widest possible distribution of no burn day information is 

critical to obtaining a high level of compliance. -The District has a staff 

meteorologist to provide more accurate air quality predictions for the SJVAB. 

Forecasts now use more detailed information specific to the local daily conditions 

in the SJVAB. 

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Air Quality Symposium - The District holds the Air Quality Symposium about 

every other year. A wide variety of organizations, businesses and individuals 

participate. Past versions of the syr~~posium, have drawn over 200 attendees. 

The events include keynote speakers, general sessions, breakout sessions on 

topics of special interest, and air quality exhibits. The 2004 Symposium is 

scheduled for September 29-30, 2004 in Bakersfield, and the theme is exploring 

unique solutions to the clean air challenges that face us all. 

4.5.2 District Publications 

Information Pam~hlets -The District continues to develop new and updated 

brochures to address air quality issues in the SJVAB. Current brochures include 

the following: Automotive Checkbook (vehicle maintenance record book), the 

Smoking Vehicle Program, and Air Pollution Health Effects. 

Newsletter - The Valley Air News is a monthly publication of the District widely 

distributed throughout the SJVAB. The newsletter highlights current activities of 

the District, summarizes Governing Board actions, highlights commendable 

efforts by Valley businesses in reducing air pollution beyond what is required, 

and discusses other relevant air quality issues. 

4.5.3 Youth Education 

As part of the youth education program, schools are able to contact the District office 

to request classroom presentations on a variety of topics. Children of the SJVAB 

also have the opportunity to become a member of the Clean Air Kids Club and 

have newsletters and other information sent directly to their homes regarding air 

pollution and what they can do to help prevent it. 

Environmental curriculum and special activities have been provided to primary 

schools since the fall of 2000. In 2004, the District will expand the environmental 

curriculum to include a component for middle and high school students. The 

District is also participating in a growing program that involves the flying of flags 

at schools to indicate the air quality status for a given day during the school year. 

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The District works with local groups such as the American Lung Association and 

rideshare agencies to promote annual events that reinforce clean air activities, such 

as the following: 

Event 

Earth Day 

Clean Air Month 

Rideshare Week 

Car Care Month 

Lead Orqanization Time of Year 

Local Earth Day Sponsors April 

American Lung Association May 

Local Rideshare Committee October 

Calif. State Automobile Assn. October 

and American Lung Association 

A wide variety of local activities are conducted by organizations and agencies 

throughout the Valley. Such activities include the annual Clean Air Rally sponsored 

by Project Clean Air and the annual Conservation Fair by the County of San 

Joaquin. The District participates in many of these events and encourages activities 

that increase public awareness of air pollution and p~~blic participation in programs 

or activities to reduce air pollution. The District has scheduled a Community Day for 

October 2004 as a way for members of the community to visit the District's Central 

Ofice, learn how the District operates, and learn how to effectively participate in the 

public process for improving air quality. 

4.6 OVERVIEW OF REGIONAL TPA RACM 

4.6.1 Introduction 

The San Joaquin Valley is a single air quality nonattainment area containing 

eight Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), which are also regional 

transportation planning agencies (RTPAs or TPAs) within the Valley. The Valley 

is home to many diverse communities containing predominantly rural as well as 

predominantly urban areas peopled by individuals from many different parts of 

the world. This overview describes the process led by the Valley RTPAs to 

identify and implement potentially reasonably available control measures 

(RACM) affecting local transportation activity. 

Each RTPA covers a county with numerous cities, public interest groups, transit 

agencies, and a ridesharing agency in some cases. Collectively, the Valley 

RTPAs have conducted a thorough RACM process that addresses the entire San 

Joaquin Valley. In order to ensure thoroughness, the RTPAs have coordinated 

with each other through a Valleywide committee that meets biweeklylmonthly to 

discuss their individual progress on RACM, obtain input and feedback from the 

other agencies on the committee, and share other relevant information. They 

also provide documentation regarding the local government control measures 

and meetings held at the county level to the group through a RACM website. 

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Another feature of the coordination is development of a common format for 

providing documentation on the RACM process. The Valleywide committee is 

composed of each R-TPA, the District, Caltrans, ARB, EPA, the Federal Highway 

Administration, and the Federal Transit Administration. This committee provides 

regular opportunity for the eight Valley RTPAs to obtain input from each other 

and the other agencies involved in developiug the Extreme OADP for the Valley. 

The Valley RTPAs have limited legal authority to implement emission reduction 

measures. However, their status as regional transportation planning agencies 

places them in a position to help coordinate and facilitate consensus among their 

member jurisdictions, which do have authority to implement some measures. 

Therefore, the RTPAs led a process to identify and evaluate potential measures 

affecting local transportation activity. The Valley RTPAs recognize the 

importance of clean air for their communities and are doing their part in helping to 

find ways to improve the air. The RTPA role in this RACM process is to lead 

local agencies in (1) the identification and implementation process for measures 

that may reduce ozone precursor emissions associated with local transportation 

activity that may be irnplernented at the local level; and (2) docurnenting reasons 

for not implementing measures that are not economically or tech~iically feasible. 

The individual jurisdictions within each county have primary control of funding and 

irnplementation for local government control measures associated with 

transportation. However, since the Valley RTPAs are all part of one nonattainment 

area they have coordinated their process together in order to share ideas offered by 

the public and jurisdictions to provide consistency for the entire process including 

approaches to documentation. Figure 4-1 gives an overview of the local 

government control measure process used for this plan. 

4.6.2 Overview of Existing Measures 

The Valley RTPAs and their member agencies have long been involved in 

examining ways to contribute to improvements in air quality through 

implementation of local measures as well as provision of funding for measures 

being implemented by the Air District. In general, the existing control measures 

include transit improvements, ridesharing and ride-matching programs, 

telecommuting, compressed workweeks, bicycle programs, pedestrian programs 

(such as street design to encourage walking), traffic flow improvements, and 

numerous land-use programs. In addition, Valley RTPAs have a history of 

supporting mobile source reduction incentives. Nearly all counties in the Valley 

have also allocated funding to alternative fuel projects. Money has been 

allocated to local school agencies for clean fuels infrastructure, as well as to the 

Air District's Heavy-Duty Motor Vehicle Emission Reduction Program for clean 

fuels municipal or public fleet purchases. 

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In addition, since 1992 the Valley RTPAs have maintained a Work Program 

agreement with the Air District that includes elements related to exploration of 

local government control measures and ongoing collaboration on air quality 

planning activities. The Valley RTPAs are legal entities that allocate CMAQ 

monies. Air quality and emissions benefits play a key role in the ranking process 

of each RTPA's selection of CMAQ projects. 

It is important to note that the Valley RTPAs and member jurisdictions completed 

a process to identify and implement Reasonably Available Control Measures 

(RACM) for the Severe Area Ozone Plan in April 2002. Although this Plan was 

never finalized, the control measures were incorporated in the Amended 2002 

and 2005 Rate of Progress Plan for San Joaquin Valley Ozone. The control 

measures evaluated focused on the specific transportation control measures 

listed in Section 108(f) of the Clean Air Act. Collectively, local governments 

adopted a broad range of commitments to implement control measures. These 

extensive commitments demonstrate the level of effort that is being made by the 

local jurisdictions to reduce emissions and to improve air quality. 

The resolutions adopted by the respective entities to commit to implement local 

government control measures are included in the Regional Transportation 

Planning Agency Commitments for Implementation Document, April 2002. The 

document is available for public review at the central San Joaquin Valley Unified 

APCD office located in Fresno and was included in the Amended 2002 and 2005 

Rate of Progress Plan for San Joaquin Valley Ozone. 

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Figure 4-1 

OVERVIEW OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT CONTROL MEASURE PROCESS 

FOR THE EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN 

STEP 1: 

RTPAs request member jurisdictions to adopt RACM 

resolutions in November 2003. Transmit model resolution 

package, including existing RACM commitments to all local 

jurisdictions. 

STEP 2: 

STEP 3: 

RTPAs and member - jurisdictions adopt resolutions in 

accordance with the model resolution package and submit to 

RTPAs for compilation. 

Each implementing agency passes resolution describing the 

measures to be implemented 

Measure description 

Legal Authority for implementation 

Funding for measures 

Enforcement 

Each implementing agency also describes reasons for 

rejecting any measures 

Technologically or economically 

infeasible 

Otherwise unreasonable 

Air Quality Consultant prepares Commitment document and 

submits to the Air District. 

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EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

4.6.3 Suggested measures 

In order to maximize input from individual cities and other jurisdictions, as well as 

the public, the RTPA-level RACM process has been conducted on an individual 

county level, with Valley-wide coordination provided through a consultant. Each 

RTPA conducted the RACM process in 200312004 in a manner consistent with 

their individual committee structures and public processes. 

This RACM process used the previous RACM process (dated April 2002) to the 

extent possible. The Suggested Measures that were considered at that time 

included existing local government control measures in the SJVAB and example 

control measures in other ozone nonattainment areas. The list was organized by 

category using the specific transportation control measures listed in Section 

108(f) of the Clean Air Act. 

It is important to note that the only other Extreme Ozone Nonattainment Area in 

the country is the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) in California. RTPA staff and 

consultants reviewed the transportation control measures included in the SCAB 

2003 Air Quality Management Plan to see if the South Coast Air Quality 

Management District adopted any new measures not previously considered in 

the SJVAB. Inspection of the SCAB 2003 Air Quality Management Plan 

determined that the list of control measures for consideration was taken from the 

Regional Transportation Planning Agency Commitments for Implementation 

Document, April 2002 (this is the description of commitments developed for the 

Amended 2002 and 2005 Rate of Progress Plan for San Joaquin Valley Ozone). 

It was determined that the South Coast Air Quality Management District added 

no new measures to this list for consideration. Therefore, no new measures 

were available to the San Joaquin Valley for consideration in the Extreme Ozone 

Attainment Demonstration Plan RACM process. 

The summary of commitments and submitted resolutions (with existing 

commitments and reasoned justification) were transmitted to each jurisdiction to 

be used as the starting point. Each measure listed on the Summary of 

Commitments should either have a commitment or reasoned justification for each 

implementing entity. 

In general, the local jurisdictions reviewed the adopted resolution package to 

determine if existing commitments could be strengthened. Examples of 

strengthening included extending the implementation schedule for the measure 

through 2010 or including additional financial resources. If the existing 

commitment is not ongoing (e.g., implementation expires in 2005) andlor cannot 

be strengthened, then reasoned justification should have been developed. 

In addition, the local jurisdictions reviewed the adopted resolution package to 

determine if any measures that were previously found not feasible are now 

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feasible for implementation. If so, a new commitment for implementation should 

have been developed. If not, the reasoned justification should have been 

l~pdated accordingly. 

4.6.4 Adopted measures 

Each RTPA member jurisdiction has identified measures that are technologically 

and economically feasible for implementation by that entity. The appropriate 

governing body has adopted formal resolutions to commit to implement control 

measures. If a jurisdiction decided that a measure was not feasible for 

implementation, the jurisdiction documented the "reasoned justification'' for nonimplementation, as required by EPA for the RACM process. This justification is 

based on technological or economic infeasibility. 

The resolutions adopted by the respective entities to commit to implement local 

government con,trol measures are included in the corresponding Regional 

Transportation Planning Agency Commitments for lmplementation Document 

(Volumes 4 and 5, dated March 2004) [Appendix C (uncirculated) to this Plan]. 

The document is available for public review at the District's office in Fresno, the 

ARB'S office in Sacramento, and EPA's Region 9 office in San Francisco. 

Collectively, a broad range of commitments to implement control measures were 

adopted by the local governments. These extensive commitments demonstrate 

the level of effort that is being made to improve air quality. It is important to note 

that specific emissions reduction targets for each of the measures have not been 

included in this Extreme OADP. However, in many cases these commitments 

will produce emission reductions above and beyond what has been quantified in 

,the Extreme OADP. These adopted control measures represent additional. 

efforts by the local jurisdictions to reduce emissions and improve air quality. 

4.6.5 Public Participation 

The 1992 Transportation & Air Quality Planning Guidelines, which address public 

participation, are issued jointly by the U.S,Environmental Protection Agency and 

the U.S. Department of Transportation. These guidelines are designed to 

encourage an effective public participation program for the development and 

implementation of the State Implementation Plan (SIP). According to the 

guidelines, the objectives of the public participation program should be to: 

1. Promote public awareness of the air pollution problem, the SIP revision 

process, and the effects of various transportation control measures; 

2. Encourage active participation from a variety of interest groups in the 

plan preparation process; 

3. Promote public understanding and agreement on the transportation 

control measures necessary to improve air quality; 

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EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

4. Provide for the identification of both interested and affected 

constituencies; 

5. Ensure that the agencies and elected officials are responsive to these 

constituencies; and 

6. Encourage a spirit of openness and trust among elected officials, 

agencies, and the public. 

Public Involvement Process for Transportation and Air Qualitv 

Passage of the lntermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) 

expanded emphasis on public involvement in the metropolitan planning process. 

The intent of the public involvement provisions in ISTEA is to increase public 

awareness and involvement in transportation planning and programming. ISTEA 

requires that the metropolitan planning organization provide citizens, affected 

public agencies, representatives of transportation agencies, private providers of 

transportation and other interested parties a reasonable opportunity to comment 

on proposed transportation plans and programs. These provisions have been 

continued under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21'' Century (TEA-21). 

Title VI Considerations 

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of 

race, color and national origin by recipients and sub-recipients of federal funds 

and prohibits exclusion from participation, denial of benefits, or being subjected 

to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial 

assistance. Additional federal and state laws and directives prohibit 

discrimination on the basis of age, gender, handicap or disability. The Executive 

Order of 1994 on Environmental Justice encourages consideration of 

environmental justice concerns, especially the impact of programs and activities 

on low-income and minority populations. The Act and its related laws and 

directives hereinafter are called, collectively, Title VI. 

Decision Makinq Structure and Public Participation 

The San Joaquin Valley contains eight counties. The transportation planning 

process in each county is conducted by an MPO or RTPA. Each transportation 

planning agency performs planning functions in accordance with applicable 

transportation and air quality planning guidelines and Title VI considerations. 

These eight agencies are leading the process to identify, evaluate and implement 

potential RACM measures pertaining to the transportation sector that may be 

implemented on a local level. 

Workshops 

The District conducted public workshops on developing an Ozone Attainment 

Demonstration Plan on July 23, 2003 and on January 6 and 7,2004. The July 

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EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

2003 workshop presented an overview of the air quality plan development 

process. One public comment addressed the RACM process, and asked if 

RTPAs would revisit prior RACM commitments for the Extreme OADP. The 

January 2004 Workshop include a presentation addressing the status of the TPA 

RACM process. No public comments were received on the R-TPA RACM 

process from the January workshops. The District also conducted public 

workshops on the Draft Extreme OADP on August 12 and 13,2004. The 

presentation on control measures at these workshops included a summary of the 

completed RACM process. No public comments were received on the completed 

RACM process and corresponding commitment documents. 

The SJVAB RTPAs have developed a website (located at 

http://www.fresnocoa.orq) to serve as a resource for each county, as well as to 

provide the public with detailed information on the RACM process. This page 

contains relevant RACM guidance documents, agendas, and minutes for the 

biweeklylmonthly R-TPA meetings coordinating the RACM process. 

4.7 STATE EMISSION REDUCTIONS FOR 'THE SJVAB' 

4.7.1 Introduction 

Motor vehicles and equipment under State and federal jurisdiction, while 

responsible for about 55 percent of ozone-forming gases in the SJVAB in 2004, 

are also contributing the majority of the emission reductions needed for 

attainment. Adopted State and federal regulations for cleaner engines and fuels 

are driving down Valley emissions of ozone precursors - reactive organic gases 

(ROG, also referred to as VOC elsewhere in this Plan) and oxides of nitrogen 

(NOx) - by over 225 tons per day (tpd), or over 35 percent, between 2000 and 

201 0. 

To provide additional statewide emission reductions needed to achieve the 

federal health-based air quality standards, ARB adopted the 2003 State and 

Federal Strategy for the California State lmplemenfation Plan (Statewide 

Strategy) on October 23, 2003. ARB submitted the Statewide Strategy to EPA 

for approval as a revision to the California SIP on January 4, 2004. 

The Statewide Strategy identifies the Board's near-term regulatory agenda to 

reduce ozone and particulate matter by developing and adopting defined new 

measures from 2002 through 2009, with implementation prior to the 2010 ozone 

season. It includes commitments for the Board to consider 19 specific statewide 

measures, plus the Bureau of Automotive Repair's planned improvements to the 

1 ARB staff prepared this section, and the District did not change the text other than to format it 

for consistency with the remainder of the Extreme OADP and to conduct minor editing. 

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Smog Check program and the continuation of the Department of Pesticide 

Regulation's approved SIP obligation2 to reduce volatile emissions from 

pesticides. The Statewide Strategy includes a process to identify longer-term 

solutions for additional reductions from sources under Statelfederalllocal control. 

The defined control measures in the Statewide Strategy cover on-road vehicles, 

off-road equipment, ports and harbor-craft, fuels and refueling, and consumer 

products. Measures to clean up the existing fleet of mobile sources complement 

lower emission standards for new engines and consumer products. Other 

measures would reduce vapor emissions from gasoline storage and refueling. 

These defined measures are listed in Table 4-3. The Statewide Strategy, which 

includes detailed descriptions of each of the measures, is available at 

http:/lwww.arb.ca.qov/planninqlsip/sffed03lsedO3. htm. 

The Statewide Strategy discusses the need to obtain continued funding for the 

Carl Moyer incentive program to supplement regulatory actions requiring clean 

up of the existing fleet of diesel vehicles and equipment. New State funding for 

the Moyer program would enable additional clean engine projects and provide 

emission reductions to be credited towards the State's obligation. 

When adopting the Statewide Strategy, the Board delegated to the ARB 

Executive Officer the responsibility to quantify the appropriate benefits from the 

near-term measures for other areas that need further reductions in the 2010 

timeframe and to reflect these benefits in the regional SIPS. ARB staff estimates 

that the near-term measures in the Statewide Strategy will provide 15 tpd ROG 

and 20 tpd NOx in the San Joaquin Valley in 2010. ARB previously committed to 

achieve 10 tpd of new NOx reductions as part of the PMlO Plan, which is a 

subset of the 20 tpd NOx discussed here. 

4.7.2 Current Implementation Status 

ARB has already started to implement the Statewide Strategy. Several of the 

measures in the Strategy are comprehensive approaches for the source 

category, encompassing multiple rulemakings or other actions that will contribute 

to the total reductions expected. As of July.1, 2004, ARB has taken action on the 

following measures: 

e The low sulfur diesel fuel regulation adopted in July 2003 fulfills SIP measure 

FUEL-2. 

The small off-road engine emission standards adopted in September 2003 

fulfill SIP measures SMALL OFF-RD-1 and SMALL OFF-RD-2. 

40 CFR Part 52, Federal Reqister, January 8, 1997, pages 1150-1 187. 

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The particulate matter control measure for diesel-powered solid waste 

collection vehicles adopted September 2003 fulfills part of SIP measure ONRD HVY DUTY-3. 

The voluntary emission control software upgrade program for diesel trucks 

approved in March 2004 fulfills part of SIP measure ON-RD HVY DUTY-3. 'This 

voluntary measure includes a regulatory backstop to ensure that the 

anticipated emission reductions occur by 201 0. 

The engine manufacturer diagnostics requirements for new diesel trucks 

adopted in May 2004 fulfill part of SIP measure ON-RD HVY DUTY-3. 

The consumer products regulation adopted in June 2004 fulfill SIP measure 

CONS-1. 

By 2004, ARB had begun implementing an expanded community-based 

inspection program for diesel trucks and buses, fulfilling SIP measure ON-RD 

HVY DUTY-1. 

In addition to these defined SIP measures, ARB adopted three controls for diesel 

stationary engines, portable engines, and transportation refrigeration units in 

February 2004 that will contribute to meeting the State's obligations. 

4.7.3 ARB Commitments for Extreme OADP for SJVAB 

ARB commits to adopt and irr~plement measures to achieve, at a minimum, 15 

tpd ROG and 20 tpd NOx emission reductions in the San Joaquin Valley Air 

Basin by the 2010 ozone season. ARB will adopt measures to achieve these 

reductions between 2002-2009. ARB may meet this commitment by adopting 

one or more of the control measures in Table 4-3, by adopting one or more 

alternative control measures, or by implementing incentive program(s), so long 

as the aggregate errlission reduction commitment is achieved. 

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EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Table 4-3. Defined State Measures from the 2003 Statewide Strategy 

Strategy I mv=ncv, 

Name 

~A$~uTY-~ 1 Pursue Approaches to Clean Up the Existing and New TruckIBus Fleet 1 

. - -. 

LTIMED-DUTY-1 Replace or Upgrade Emission Control Systems on Existing Passenger 

- 

OFF-RD CI-I I Pursue Approaches to Clean Up the Existing Heavy-Duty Off-Road 

LTIMED-DUTY-2 

(BAR) 

ON-RD HVY DUTY-1 

(ARB) 

(ARB) I ~~ui~ment Fleet (~om~ression~l~nition ~n~ines) - 

OFF-RD CI-2 1 Implement Registration and Inspection Program for Existing Off-Road 

Improve Smog Check to Reduce Emissions from Existing Passenger & 

Cargo Vehicles 

Augment Truck and Bus Highway Inspections with Community-Based 

lns~ections 

(ARB) I ~qui~ment to Detect Excess missions (~6rn~ression lgniGon Engines) 

OFF-RD LSI-1 1 Set Lower Emission Standards for New Off-Road Gas Engines (Spark 

(ARB) 

LS1-2 

(ARB) 

SMALL 

(ARB) 

SMALL oFF-RD-2 

(ARB) 

MARINE-1 

Recover Fuel Vapors from Gasoline Dispensing at Marinas 

Reduce Fuel Permeation Through Gasoline Dispenser Hoses 

PEST-1 Implement Existing Pesticide Strategy 

- . . Ignited Engines 25 hp and Greater) 

Clean Up Existing Off-Road Gas Equipment Through Retrofit Controls 

and New Emission Standards (Spark-Ignition Engines 25 hp and 

Greater) 

Set Lower Emission Standards for New Handheld Small Engines and 

Equipment (Spark lgnited Engines Under 25 hp such as Weed 

Trimmers, Leaf Blowers, and Chainsaws) 

Set Lower Emission Standards for New Non-Handheld Small Engines 

and Equipment (Spark Ignited Engines Under 25 hp such as 

Lawnmowers) 

Pursue Approaches to Clean Up the Existinq Harbor Craft Fleet - 

(ARB) 

MAR1 N E-2 

(ARB) 

FUEL-1 

(ARB) 

FUEL-2 

(ARB) 

CONS-1 

(ARB) 

CONS-2 

(ARB) 

FVR-1 

(ARB) 

SJVUAPCD 

- 

Cleaner Engines and Fuels 

Pursue Approaches to Reduce Land-Based Port Emissions - Alternative Fuels, Cleaner Engines, Retrofit Controls, Electrification, 

Education Programs, Operational Controls 

Set Additives Standards for Diesel Fuel to Control Engine Deposits 

Set Low-Sulfur Standards for Diesel Fuel for TrucksIBuses, Off-Road 

Equipment, and Stationary Engines 

Set New Consumer Products Limits for 2006 

Set New Consumer Products Limits for 2008-2010 

Increase Recovery of Fuel Vapors from Aboveground Storage Tanks 

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4.8 Contingency Measures 

In general, contingency measures are control measures that go into effect, 

without further action by the State or the EPA Administrator, if planned emission 

controls fail to reach desired goals and targets. The FCAA defines two types of 

contingencies: (1) "specific measures to be undertaken if the area fails to make 

reasonable further progress, or to attain the national primary ambient air quality 

standard by the attainment date applicable under this part" [Title I, Part D, 

Section 179 (c)(9)] and (2) "specific measures to be undertaken if the area fails to 

meet any applicable milestone" [Title I, Part D, Section 182(c)(9)]. 

For the SJVAB, the concept of contingency measures is almost a moot point, for 

several reasons. First, areas such as the SJVAB that have been aggressively 

developing and implementing emission control measures over the past twenty 

years have already achieved most of the emissions reductions that are within the 

authority of the District to control and that are techr~ically and economically 

feasible. In essence, the "low-hanging fruit" has already been picked. The 

likelihood of identifying new source categories under District authority to control, 

with attendant large emission reductions, is very small; any control measures 

beyond what have been identified in this Plan and within the District's authority to 

implement are likely to have relatively small emissions reductions3, and thus 

would be of minimal value as contingency measures. 

Second, prior to the next ROP milestone year for 1 -hour ozone, the District will 

be developing three major air quality plans as SIP subn~ittals that will control 

ozone precursor emissions: the 2006 PMlO Plan, the 2007 8-hour Ozone 

Attainment Demonstration Plan, and the 2008 PM2.5/Regional Haze Plan. The 

PMlO Plan is required in the final rule approving the 2003 PMlO Plan (69 FR 

30035), and the dates for submittal of the 8-hour Ozone Plan and the 

PM2.5/Regional Haze Plan are driven by EPA final rule language stating that 

plans are due three years after the effective date of designations (final rules not 

yet published). Each of these plans will develop additional control measures for 

ozone precursor emissions independent of this Extreme OADP, and thus will 

help in meeting ROP milestones andlor attainment goals for the federal 1-hour 

ozone standard if needed. The magnitude of reductions from control measures 

outside of the Extreme OADP is likely to exceed what is needed for the Extreme 

OADP for contingency measure^.^ Therefore, control measures developed for 

3 Note that 14 of the 21 new District control measures listed in Table 4-1 of this Plan achieve 

reductions in ozone precursor emissions of 1.0 tonslday or less each for 2010; the total 2010 

reductions estimated from these 14 measures are about 5.8 tonslday compared to a total SJVAB 

2010 inventory of over 760 tonslday VOC and NOx combined. 

4 For example, Reynolds, Blanchard and Ziman identify, through photochemical grid modeling, 

that NOx emissions must be reduced to about 10% of 1999 base case values to attain the 8-hour 

ozone standard in the SJVAB ("Understanding the Effectiveness of Precursor Reductions in 

Lowering 8-hr Ozone Concentrations, J. Air & Waste Man., 53: 195-205, February 2003). 

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EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

these other plans serve the same function as contingency measures developed 

exclusively for the Extreme OADP. 

Third, EPA plans to revoke the federal 1-hour ozone standard before the next 1- 

hour ROP milestone year for the SJVAB (2008), so the concept of contingency 

measures for federal 1-hour ozone standard requirements has diminished 

importance for the SJVAB (i.e., once the standard is revoked on June 15, 2005, 

EPA is not obligated to determine if an area has met the 1-hour standard by the 

area's attainment date [40 CFR 51.905(e)]). 

Fourth, because the District is using "long-term measures1' as part of its control 

strategy (see Section 4.8), it is required by the federal Clean Air Act to identify 

the contingency measures with reductions equal to those achieved by long-term 

measures no later than three years before implementation of proposed plan 

provisions [Section 182(e)(5) of the federal Clean Air Act]. For the District, this 

would involve not only identifying the long-term measures, but also redoing this 

Extreme OADP with whatever new information and tools are available related to 

the formation of ozone in the SJVAB. Thus, an additional planning requirement 

related to long-term measures provides another level of contingency in that the 

District will reevaluate the SJVAB 1-hour ozone attainment control strategy in 

2007=, well in advance of the next ROP milestone year (2008) or the attainment 

year (201 O), and will add new measures as warranted by the updated 

assessment of ozone air quality at that time. This represents the functional 

equivalent of contingency measures as defined in the federal Clean Air Act. 

4.9 LONG-TERM MEASURES 

Section 182(e)(5) of the Federal Clean Air Act allows EPA to approve provisions 

of an implementation plan for an Extreme Area that anticipate the development of 

new control techniques or improvement of existing control technologies, and an 

attainment demonstration based on such provisions. This provision of the federal 

Clean Air Act is dependent upon the state demonstrating that such provisions are 

not needed for incremental emissions reductions in the 1990-2000 time frame, 

and that the state has submitted enforceable commitments to develop and adopt 

contingency measures to be implemented if the anticipated future technologies 

do not achieve planned emission reductions. The state must submit these 

contingency measures to EPA no later than three years before proposed 

implementation of the plan provisions and approved or disapproved by EPA in 

accordance with Section 11 0 of the federal Clean Air Act. The contingency 

measures must be sufficient to achieve the emissions reductions needed for 

ROP or attainment demonstration purposes. For this Extreme OADP, ozone 

5 If €PA revokes the 1-hour standard as planned, then the District would not update the 1-hour 

Extreme OADP in 2007, but instead would develop the Shour OADP for submittal in June 2007. 

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precursor emission reductions must be implemented no later than Spring 201 0 to 

affect ozone levels in the attainment year of 201 0. Thus the District would need 

to identify the Section 182(e)(5) contingency measures no later than spring of 

2007. 

Because of other ongoing and planned major SIP submittals, the District will fulfill 

the intent of the Section 182(e)(5) contingency measure requirements by 

identifying and implementing control measures above and beyond the Extreme 

OADP that will help attain the federal I -hour ozone standards. The District has a 

legally enforceable commitment to revise the PMIO Plan and submit it to EPA by 

March 31, 2006 (69 FR 5431), and a regulatory requirement to submit an 8-hour 

OADP by June 15, 2007. Each of these would create ozone precursor emission 

reductions that are beyond the scope of this Extreme OADP by Spring 2007, and 

would thus meet the intent of contingency measures for Section 182(e)(5). For 

this Extreme OADP, the magnitude of the long-term measures is fairly small (a 

few tonslday each of VOC and NOx), and represents a small percent of the 201 0 

inventory (see Section 5.6). Consequently, the cor~trol measures developed for 

the other plans mentioned above would easily cover the magnitude of reductio~is 

required for the long-term measures. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 4 - Control Strategy 

4-59 

Chapter 8 - CALIFORNIA CLEAN AIR ACT 

TRIENNIAL PROGRESS REPORT 

AND PLAN REVISION 

EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

8 . CALIFORNIA CLEAN AIR ACT TRIENNIAL PROGRESS 

REPORT AND PLAN REVISION 

8.1 INTRODUCTION 

Section 40910 of the California Health and Safety Code (CH&SC) requires air 

pollution control districts in the state to achieve and maintain state ambient air 

quality standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide 

at the earliest practicable date. Section 4091 1 of the CH&SC reql- ires all districts 

designated as nonattainment for the state standards for ozone, carbon 

monoxide, sulfur dioxide, or nitrogen dioxide to prepare and submit a plan for 

attaining and maintaining the standards to the California Air Resources Board 

(ARB). Section 40924 (b) of the CH&SC requires districts to prepare a report 

every ,three years summarizing progress in meeting the schedules for 

developing, adopting, and implementing the air pollution control measures 

contained in each district's plan for attaining the California air quality standards. 

Section 40925(a) of the CH&SC requires districts to review and revise their 

original 1991 Air Quality Attainment Plan (AQAP) to correct for deficiencies in 

meeting the interim measures of progress incorporated into the plan pursuant 

Section 40914 [emission reductions], and to incorporate new data or projections 

into the Plan. This requirement, termed a Triennial AQAP Revision, is on the 

same reporting schedule as the Triennial Progress Report, and is us~~ally 

combined with the progress report. 

In January 1992, the District prepared and adopted the 1991 Air Quality 

Attainment Plan (AQAP) [SJVUAPCD 19921. ARB approved this plan in 

December 1992. The 1991 AQAP covers ozone and carbon monoxide, since the 

District was classified as nonattainment for these two state standards at that 

time.' In accordance with the CH&SC, the District subsequently prepared 

Triennial Progress Reports and Plan Revisions as updates to this initial 1991 

AQAP in 1998 and in 2001 (SJVUAPCD 1998; SJVUAPCD 2001). 

This Chapter of the Extreme OADP represents the third Triennial Progress 

Report and Plan Revision for the District; as such, it covers the period 2000- 

2002, and its original due date was December 31, 2003. However, for Districts 

preparing State Implementation Plan (SIP) submittals in 2004, ARB revised the 

due date to be the time of the 2004 SIP submittal. 

Because the District has attained the California ambient air quality standard for 

carbon monoxide, ARB no longer requires the District to address carbon 

1 The District was also designated as nonattainment for the state particulate matter standard; 

however, as noted above. Section 4091 1 does not reauire the devel0Dment of ~lans for districts - .- 

that are designated nonattainment for California particulate matter standards. ' 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

monoxide in progress reports and plan revisions. This chapter of the Extreme 

OADP thus focuses on the state ambient air quality standard for ozone (as 

opposed to the other chapters of the Extreme OADP that address compliance 

with federal ozone standards). 

In 1998, the District adopted the California Clean AirAct Triennial Progress 

Report and Plan Revision 1995-1997 (1 997 Triennial Update); ARB approved 

this report in October 1999. No change in the District's ozone attainment 

strategy was set forth in the Update. In 2001, the District adopted the California 

Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 1997-1 999 (2000 

Triennial Update). No change in the District's ozone attainment strategy was set 

forth in the Update. The District's adopted strategy is based on the latter 

alternative. For the 2000-2002 period, this chapter of the OADP represents the 

triennial plan (2003 Triennial Update). 

8.1 .I Attainment Designation 

California's ambient air quality standard for ozone is 0.09 ppm. For an area to 

attain the state I-hour ozone standard, representative and corrlplete ambient air 

quality monitoring data must show that measured I-hour average ozone levels 

did not exceed 0.09 ppm (CH&SC 70303, 70304). Unlike the federal standard, 

the state ozone standard is strictly a level not to be exceeded. Thus, occurrence 

of even a single one-hour period with measured ozone levels in excess of 0.09 

ppm is enough to designate an area as nonattainment for the state standard 

(unlike the federal 1 -hour ozone standard, in which four exceedances in three 

years are needed for designation as nonattainment). Also unlike the federal 

standard, State law does not establish attainment dates for ambient standards, 

but instead requires evaluation of trends and continued progress in reducing 

errlissions that lead to unhealthy pollutant levels. 

Based on the designation criteria established by Section 40921.5 of the 

California Health and Safety Code, ARB has classified the SJVAB as severe 

nonattainment for the California I-hour ozone standard. Because of this 

classification, the District is subject to stringent requirements in the CCAA and 

must apply all feasible measures to reduce emissions. 

8.1.2 Air Basin Description 

The San Joaquin Valley (Valley) is a major geographic, population, and 

agricultural region of California. The District, and the corresponding air basin, 

includes the counties of San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, 

Kings, Tulare and the Valley portion of Kern County. Comprising about 24,840 

square miles, it represents approximately 16% of the geographic area of 

California and is the second largest air basin in California. The California 

Department of Finance estimates that the District's population will grow to 3.6 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised IORO/O~ 

million by 2005. Major urban centers include Bakersfield, Fresno, Modesto and 

Stockton. 

The Valley consists of a continuous inter-mountain valley that is approximately 

250 miles long and averages 80 miles wide. It is defined by the Sierra Nevada 

mountains in the east (8,000 to 14,000 feet in elevation), the Coast Range in the 

west (reaching 5,020 feet in elevation), and the Tehachapi mountains in the 

south (6,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation). The Valley opens to the Carquinez 

Straits in the north where the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta empties into San 

Francisco Bay. Except for its foothill and mountain areas, the SJVAB is 

essentially flat with a slight downward gradient to the northwest. 

Approximately 31 percent of the total land area within the SJVAB is under public 

ownership. The federal government is the largest public landholder, with 

approximately 94 percent of the total public-owned land under its jurisdiction. For 

the most part, the holdings consist of National Forest lands, National Parks, 

wildlife refuge areas, plus a major military air base located on the Valley floor. 

The Valley is predominately agriculturally oriented, including foothill and 

mountain areas devoted to grazing and timber sales. Currently, the majority 

of industry remains directly or indirectly related to providing services, 

products and support to agriculture. In addition, industries related to the 

production of natural resources are scattered throughout the District. 

Various lumbering operations that process timber harvested from the nearby 

National Forests and private forestlands are located along the east side of 

the District. The District also has substantial petroleum production fields in 

the southern COI-~nties, while oil refineries are located in Kern County. See 

Chapter 2 for more detailed information on the SJVAB. 

8.2. OZONE AIR QUALITY INDICATORS 

8.2.1 Air Quality Indicators 

A number of ways exist to characterize ozone air quality trends. ARB has 

identified three air quality indicators for districts to use in the preparing 

triennial updates to ozone attainment plans. These are the Expected Peak 

Day Concentration (EPDC), the Population Weighted Exposure (PWE) and 

the Area Weighted Exposure (AWE). The following sections provide 

background information on each, along with an overview of the calc~~lation 

procedure. 

8.2.2 Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) 

The EPDC represents the maximum ozone concentration expected to 

occur once per year, on average. The EPDC is based on a statistical 

calculation of ambient ozone data collected at each monitoring site in the 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Repott and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

district. The EPDC is useful for tracking air quality progress at individual 

monitoring locations. Because it is based on a robust statistical 

calculation, it is relatively stable, thereby providing a trend indicator that is 

not highly influenced by year-to-year changes in meteorology. 

The EPDC is calculated using ozone data for a three-year period (the 

summary year and two years immediately before the summary year). The 

data included in the calculation are daily maximum 1-hour ozone 

observations. However, when three years of data are not available, an 

EPDC can be calculated using only one or two years of data. The EPDC 

is computed using a statistical procedure that fits an exponential-tail model 

to the upper tail of the distribution of concentrations. The fitted distribution 

then is used to determine analytically the concentration that is expected to 

recur at a one-in-one year rate. 

8.2.3 Exposure Indicators 

8.2.3.1 Description 

The exposure indicators provided are the population-weighted (PWE) and areaweighted exposure (AWE) indictors. These are intended to provide an indication 

of the potential for chronic adverse health impacts. Unlike the EPDC, which 

tracks progress at individual locations, the population-weighted and areaweighted exposure indicators consolidate hourly ozone monitoring data from all 

sites within the district into a single exposure value. The result is a value 

representing the average potential exposure in an area, which in this.case, is a 

district. The term "potential" is used, because daily activity affects an individual's 

exposure. For example, being indoors during peak ozone concentrations will 

decrease a person's exposure to outdoor ozone concentrations. 

The purpose of the population-weighted indicator is to characterize the potential 

average outdoor exposure per person to concentrations above the level of the 

state ozone standard. The population-weighted exposure indicator represents a 

composite of exposures at individual locations that have been weighted to 

emphasize equally the potential exposure for each individual in an area. In 

contrast, the purpose of the area-weighted exposure indicator is to characterize 

the potential average annual outdoor exposure per unit area. The area-weighted 

exposure indicator represents a composite of exposures at individual locations 

that have been weighted to emphasize equally the potential exposure in all 

portions of the district. 

The exposure analysis is based solely on ambient. (outdoor) ozone data. The 

calculation methodology assumes that an "exposure" occurs when a person 

experiences a 1-hour ozone concentration outdoors that is higher than 0.09 ppm, 

the level of the State standard. The PWE and AWE consider both the level and 

duration of ozone concentrations above the State standard. 

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Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRA TION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

The annual exposure is the sum of all the hourly exposures during the year and 

presents the results as an average per exposed person or average per exposed 

unit land area. 

8.2.3.2 Calculation 

The Time Period: The population-weighted and area-weighted exposure 

indicators are computed as an annual value for each year. 

Air Quality Data: The air quality data used for computing the exposure 

indicators are hourly ozone data. All available data for sites in the district are 

used, regardless of whether the data meet designation criterion for complete and 

representative data. Because the individual exposure values are interpolated 

from data for several monitoring sites, the data for all the sites do not need to be 

complete for all hours. 

Census Data: The exposure computations are based on census data collected 

by the federal government. For the years from 1985 to 1999, the population 

statistics are based on the 1990 census. For the years 2000, 2001, 2002, 

population data from the 2000 census was used. 

The federal government has divided the nation into census tracts for the 

purpose of counting population and obtaining demographic information. Each 

of these census tracts has associated with it: a (1) centroid of the census 

tract, (2) the population residing within the census tract, and (3) the land area 

of the census tract. The population within each census tract is used in 

computing the annual population-weighted exposure, whereas, the land area 

of the census tract is used in computing the annual area-weighted exposure. 

The centroid of the census tract is used in computing both exposure 

indicators. 

Calculation Procedure for Population-Weighted Exposure: Hourly ozone 

concentrations are interpolated to each census tract centroid. Hourly ozone 

exposures are computed for each centroid by subtracting the value of the 

State ozone standard (0.09 ppm) from each interpolated hourly concentration. 

If negative, the result is set equal to zero. The hourly exposures for each 

census tract are multiplied by the number of people residing in the census 

tract. These hourly exposures are then added together and divided by the 

total population of all of the census tracts for which interpolated exposure 

values are available. 

The result represents an hourly population-weighted exposure for the district. 

The hourly exposures are aggregated into a daily population-weighted 

exposure. 

SJVUAPCD 

-- 

Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

The daily exposures are then aggregated into an annual population-weighted 

exposure. This is done for each year from 1985 through 2002, for which data 

are available. 

Calculation Procedure for Area-Weighted Exposure: The procedure for 

computing the area-weighted exposure is similar. In this case, the hourly 

exposures for each census tract are multiplied by the square kilometer land 

area of the census tract. These hourly exposures are then added together 

and divided by the total land area of all of the census tracts for which 

interpolated exposure values are available. The result represents an hourly 

area-weig hted exposure for the district. The hourly exposures are 

aggregated into a daily area-weig h ted exposure. The daily exposures are 

then aggregated into an annual area-weighted exposure. This is done for 

each year from 1985 through 2002, for which data are available. 

8.3 PROGRESS TOWARD AIR QUALITY STANDARD 

ATTAINMENT 

Pursuant to California Health and Safety Code (H&SC) section 40924, on 

or before December 31, 2003, the District is required to assess the extent 

of air quality improvement achieved during .the preceding three years 

(2000-2002)'. The assessment of improvement should be based on: 1) 

ambient pollutant measurements; 2) best available modeling techniques; 

and 3) air quality indicators identified bythe State Board for that purpose. 

Based on the ARB guidance document, Guidance for Usinq Air QualityRelated Indicators in Reportinq Proqress in Attaining the State Ambient Air 

Quality Standards, the District's assessment of improvement is based on 

air quality indicators and confirmed by ambient measurements and 

modeling. 

Ambient pollutant measurements are collected from monitoring stations 

within the SJVAB and are incorporated into the ARB'S annually published 

Air Quality Data. Data used to prepare the annual statistics shown in &r 

Qualitv Data are reflected in the air quality indicators discussed below. 

Table 8-1 provides trend data for the SJVAB with respect to the state 

ozone ~tandard.~ As shown in Table 8-1, the number of days per year 

with 1-hour ozone levels above the state standard in the SJVAB has 

decreased slightly from 1990 through 2002. The remainder of this section 

emphasizes the indicators required by ARB for inclusion in this report. 

1 For triennial Reports due in 2003, ARB modified the due date for air basins also preparing SIP 

submittals, and stated that the triennial Reports could be submitted with, and at the same times 

as, SIP submittals in the 2003-2004 time frame. * Chapter 2 presents SJVAB monitoring data with respect to the federal I-hour ozone standard. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

ARB staff has prepared data showing EPDC trends, population-weighted 

ozone exposure and area-weighted ozone exposure for many of the 

monitoring sites in the District that have been in operation long enough to 

have the necessary data (six years). The EPDC trends for the SJVAB for 

the period 2000-2002 show a wide degree of variability in that some are 

relatively steady, others decreasing, and a few showed increases (Figures 

8-1 through 8-8). Of the three-year period of interest for this Triennial 

Progress Report and Plan Revision (2000-2002), the year 2002 seemed 

to be when most sites experienced an increase in EPDC values. 

Comparison of Figures 8-1 through 8-8 with the SJVAB trends for the 

federal standard (Chapter 2) indicates that 2002 also showed deteriorating 

ozone air quality, reflecting the same emissions levels and meteorological 

conditions that shaped the trends in EPDC levels in this time frame. 

TABLE 8-1 

SJVAB Ozone Exceedances 

1990-2002 

Source: ARB 2004b 

The area-weighted exposure chart (Figure 8-9) shows a general improvement in 

air quality since 1996. For the most recent reporting period (2000-2002), the 

trend in this metric is generally downward, thereby showing continued 

improvement. However, AWE does show an increase from 2001 to 2002, again 

reflecting the same conditions affecting the EPDC trends and federal ozone 

standard tracking given in Chapter 2. 

The population-weighted exposure chart (Figure 8-1 0) prepared by the ARB 

shows that exposure to ozone (adjusted to reflect population distribution 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - ~alifornia Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

and to give more "weight" to higher ozone values) has declined 

approximately 100 hours per person per year within the District between 

1986 and 1993. Since 1993, the metric has shown year-to-year fluctuation 

near the value of 1.60 ppm-hrs per person. For the most recent reporting 

period (2000-2002), the metric showed a downward trend, with again a 

slight increase from 2001 to 2002. 

In summary, the data prepared pursuant to H&SC section 40924 shows 

that expected "peak day" concentration, per-capita annual exposure, and 

per-unit-area annual exposure for ozone have slightly declined within the 

SJVAB since reporting of these statistics began. The nature of the trends 

varies with monitoring site, and each site's trend reflects emissions and 

meteorological conditions, as well as the influence of other parameters (for 

example, the population weighted average is also affected by trends in 

population in the SJVAB. As shown in the following sections, the District 

has been aggressively developing and implementing ozone precursor 

emission control measures to improve ozone air quality in the SJVAB. 

Though these emissions reductions have been driven by compliance with 

federal requirements, they will help the SJVAB demonstrate continued 

progress toward meeting state ambient air quality standards as well. 

Figure 8-1 

Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Arvin-Bear 

Site 

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Year (End Year of Three) 

State Standard: 0.09 ppm 

Source: ARB and SJVUAPCD 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Figure 8-2 

Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Bakersfield 

Golden State Site. 

0.180 

0.090 

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Year (End Year of Three) 

Figure 8-3 

Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the Bakersfield 

California Ave. Site 

0.090 4 1 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Year (End Year of Three) 

State Standard: 0.09 ppm 

Source: ARB and SJVUAPCD 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Figure 8-4 

Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the 

Clovis N. Villa Ave. Site 

0.090 

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Year (End Year of Three) 

Figure 8-5 

Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the 

Fresno 1st Street Site 

Year (End Year of Three) 

State Standard: 0.09 ppm 

Source: ARB and SJVUAPCD 

- 

SJVUAPCD 

Baseline 

t I I I .. - - - I 

..4 .I 9 I - -- II I 9 

Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Figure 8-6 

Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the 

Hanford-Irwin Street Site 

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Year (End Year of Three) 

Figure 8-7 

Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the 

Maricopa-Stanislaus Street Site 

0.090 

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Year (End Year of Three) 

7 

State Standard: 0.09 ppm 

Source: ARB and SJVUAPCD 

A v

I D I 

Baseline 

SJVUA PCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10R0/05 

Figure 8-8 

Expected Peak Day Concentration (EPDC) at the 

Merced-South Coffee Ave. Site 

0.180 1 

0.100 - 

0.090 4 

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Year (End Year of Three) 

0.150 - - 

E g 0.140 - - 

a 

0.130 - 

8 

0.120 - 

Figure 8-9 

Area Weighted Exposure per Square Kilometer 

A A - - v 

I Baseline I 

.I - 8 

0.10 

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 

Year (End Year of Three) . 

*Three Year Moving Average o Area-Weighted Exposure Baseline 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Figure 8-10 

Population Weighted Exposure per Person 

I I 

0 10 1 

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 

Year (End of Year Three) 

-m- Three Year Moving Average o Population-Weighted Exposure Baseline 

8.4 TRANSPORT MITIGATION 

The movement of air pollutants across jurisdictional boundaries is called longrange transport, or simply transport. ARB, in cooperation with local air districts, 

is required by the CCAA to evaluate intrastate transport and to suggest mitigation 

for such transport. 

Most violations of ozone ambient air quality standards occur under stagnant 

weather conditions, when pollutant concentrations build up because emitted 

pollutants do not disperse either horizontally or vertically. For ozone, these 

conditions occur on hot, summer days with low wind speed liniiting horizontal 

dispersion, and temperature inversions in the atmosphere limiting vertical 

dispersion. Prevailing winds carry air pollutants and precursors from emission 

points to downwind locations, mixing with cleaner air or other emissions along 

the way. Pollutant and precursor concentrations are much lower on windy days 

because emissions are dispersed through larger volumes of ambient air. 

'The air quality management community in California generally agrees that 

pollutant transport does occur among the various air districts and air basins in 

California. The wind direction and resulting transport direction may change 

significantly from day to day, depending on specific weather conditions. The 

ARB has identified transport couples (source and receptor areas) throughout 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
1 

EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRA TlON PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

California. The San Joaquin Valley Air Basin is identified as both a source and a 

receptor of transported pollutants. 

ARB issued its most recent assessment of ozone transport in California in April 

2001 (ARB 2001), and concluded that transport from the Sar~ Francisco Bay Area 

Air Basin and the Broader Sacramento Area contributes to some exceedances of 

the state I-hour ozone standard in the SJVAB, and that the degree of 

contribution ranges from overwhelming to inconsequential3. ARB also found that 

the SJVAB contributes overwhelmingly to ozone exceedances in the Mojave 

Desert, Mountain Counties, and Great Basin Valley Air Basins, significantly to the 

North Central Coast, and significantly to inconsequentially to the Broader 

Sacramento Area and the South Central Coast (ARB 2001). 

ARB is in the process of analyzing CCOS 2000 data to develop improved 

technical capabilities to better quantify transport. Future triennial progress 

reports and plan revisions will include the results from this body of work. 

In 2003, ARB amended state regulations on ozone transport mitigation. ARB 

retained, with minor revisions to eliminate outdated provisions, the requirement 

for upwind transport districts such as the San Joaquin Valley to apply best 

available retrofit control technology (BARCT). To ensure that upwind districts 

minimize their impact on downwind districts, ARB also added two new 

requirements related to the adoption of all feasible measures and no net increase 

thresholds for new source review permitting programs. The San Joaquin Valley 

was already required to comply with these provisions due to other existing 

CH&SC requirements. The District already had the most stringent new source 

review thresholds and had implemented all feasible measures in lieu of meeting 

the annual five percent ozone precursors emissions reductions requirements. 

Table 8-2 identifies BARCT rules adopted by the District since 1991. The District 

adopted the majority of these rules before 1994 and continues to update them as 

new technology is demonstrated. To ensure that the District continues to include 

all feasible measures applicable to sources under its authority, the District 

reviewed adopted rules of other California Air Districts to determine if other 

measures should be incorporated. The California Air Pollution Control Officers 

Association (CAPCOA) has taken a proactive step to assist in this process by 

developing a list of the most stringent rules adopted by California Air Districts. 

The District participated in the process of developing the list and has reviewed its 

own adopted rules and proposed control measures in the Extreme OADP to 

ensure it meets the "all feasible measure" requirement. 

3 ARB uses three classifications to describe transport: inconsequential, significant, and 

overwhelming (ARB 1990). 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Table 8-2 

BARCT Rules 

VOC BARCT 

11 I and Process Drains at Petroleum Refineries and Chemical Plants 11 

Rule 

4401' 

4402' 

4403' 

4404 

4407 

44514 

Cutback, Slow Cure, and Emulsified Asphalt Paving and 

Rule Name 

Steam-Enhanced Crude Oil Production Well Vents 

Crude Oil Production Sumps 

Components Serving Light Crude Oil or Gases at Light Crude 011 

and Gas Production Facilities & Components at Natural Gas 

Processing Facilities 

Heavy Oil Test Station - Kern County 

In-situ Combustion Well Vents 

Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, Flanges, Threaded Connections 

4642' 

46514 

- 

Maintenance Operations 

Solid Waste Disposal Sites 

Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Soil Decontamination 

4652 I Coatings and Ink Manufacturing 11 4653' I Adhesives 

I 

j_a X I NOx BARCT ""' %S 7 

' "< , '6 "f'i$ ,& " jr < v."lan rq .*, -*$*- * 83 :t* 

I Boilers. Steam Generators. and Process Heaters 

I 

4672 

4681 

4682' 

4684' 

469 1 

Petroleum Solvent Dry Cleaning Operations 

Rubber Tire Manufacturing 

Polystyrene Foam, Polyethylene, and Polypropylene Manufacturing 

Polyester Resin Operations 

Vegetable Oil Processing Operations 

2 BARCT for larger'units was adopted in 1993. BARCT for smaller units was adopted in 1996. 3 Last updated in the 2001 to 2003 time frame 

Scheduled for update in this Extreme OADP (see Tables 4-1 and 4-2) 

43524 ' Solid ~lel Fired Boilers, steam Generators and Process Heaters 

SJVUAPCD 

4354"' 

4701 '" 

4703' 

Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 

Glass Melting Furnaces 

Internal Combustion Engines 

Stationary Gas Turbines 

BARCT rules ado~ted or amended in 1995-1998. 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

- - - 

8.5 CONTROL MEASURE IMPLEMENTATION 

8.5.1 Stationary Source Control Measures 

Table 8-3 presents the District's rulemaking schedule and adoption activity for 

2001-2003 as developed in the 2000 Triennial Plan Update and Plan Revision 

(SJVUAPCD 2001). 

Table 8-3* 

2001-2003 Rulema king Schedule 

rescribed Burning and 

Hazard Reduction Burning 

Commercial Charbroiling 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Table 8-3 

2001-2003 Rulemaking Schedule (cont.) 

PLAN SCHEDULE 

Glass Melting Furnaces 2Ql02 Amendment 

Boilers, Process Heaters, 3Ql02 Amendment 

and Steam Generators 

Flares 

3Q102 I New Rule 

Nitric Acid Plants 3Ql02 New Rule 

Foundries 

3Q102 I New Rule 

Boilers, Steam Generators 

and Process Heaters - Reasonably Available 

Control Technology 

Amendment 

Mirror Coating Operations New Rule 

Bakeries New Rule 

Food Products Cooking New Rule 

Reduction of Animal Matter Amendment 

Internal Combustion 3Ql02 Amendment 

Engines 

Stationary Gas Turbines Amendment 

COMMITMENT 

EPA SIP 

Deficiency 

EPA SIP 

Deficiency 

EPA RACT 

Requirement 

EPA RACT 

Requirement 

EPA RACT 

Requirement 

EPA RACT 

Requirement 

EPA SIP 

Deficiency 

EPA RACT 

Requirement 

EPA RACT 

Requirement 

EPA RACT 

Requirement 

EPA RACT 

Requirement 

EPA SIP 

Deficiency 

EPA SIP 

Deficiency 

SJVUA PCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Table 8-3 

2001-2003 Rulemaking Schedule (cont.) 

RULE CONTROL MEASURE 2000 TRIENNIAL ACTIVITY COMMITMENT 

PLAN SCHEDULE 

Components Serving Light 

Crude Oil or Gases at Light 

Crude Oil and Gas 

Production Facilities and 

Components at Natural 

Gas Processing Facilities 

Amendment Feasible 

Control 

Measure 

Valves, Pressure Relief 

Valves, Flanges, Threaded 

Connections and Process 

Drains at Petroleum 

Refineries and Chemical 

Plants 

Pump and Compressor 

Seals at Light Crude oil and 

Gases Production Facilities 

& Components at Natural 

Gas Processing Facilities 

New Rule Feasible 

Control 

Measure 

Feasible 

Control 

Measure 

4701 Internal Combustion 3Q/03 Amendment Feasible 

Engines Control 

Measure 

4703 Stationary Gas Turbines 3Ql03 Amendment Feasible 

Control 

Measure 

Projected emissions reductions associated with the control measures are not included on this 

table. District staff is still in the process of developing this information. Projected emission 

reductions and a revised rulemaking schedule are included in Section 4 of this Extreme OADP. 

Some measures listed above were included in the Amended 2002 and 2005 Rate of Progress 

Plan for San Joaquin Valley Ozone adopted December 19,2002. Source: SJVUAPCD 2001. 

Section 40924(b)(2) of the CH&SC, as well as ARB'S guidance for triennial 

progress reports and plan revisions, directs districts to report actual emissions 

reductions achieved for each measure scheduled for adoption in the three year 

period addressed by each progress report and plan revision. Table 8-4 presents 

this information for the SJVAB, in the 2000-2002 time frame that is the focus of 

this Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
L. 

EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

8.5.2 Mobile Source Control Measures 

8.5.2.1 Introduction 

Under the CCAA's severe nonattainment classification for the state ozone 

standard, the District is required to include "reasonably available transportation 

control measures sufficient to substantially reduce the rate of increase in 

passenger vehicle trips and miles traveled per trip ..." in its state air quality plans. 

The 2000 Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision addressed a number of 

TCMs, and this 2003 report updates those discussions and addresses new 

measmres identified after the 2000 Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision. 

Table 8-4 

Actual Emission Reductions 

for District Rules Affecting Ozone Precursor ~missions' (2000-2002) 

( 4408 1 12/19/2002 1 ~ehyhration VOC 1 1.7 1.5 1 

4601 

1 4662 ( 4/19/01 1 Degreasing I VOC 1 14.0 1 11.3 1 

1 Systems 

I Architectural 

Coatings VUL 

- -- - 

Glass Coating 

Operations VOC 0.2 0.2 

Storage of 

Organic Li uids VOC 2.8 0.2 

Oraanic Solvent 

1 UI51 IUI 

1 Rules may also reduce emissions of other pollutants (e.g., PM), but only ozone precursors 

are shown. 

461 0 

4623 

4692 

4693 

4703 

Reductions from mobile source measures differ from stationary source 

reductions in that they are limited to a specific time period rather than being 

permanent, and they are calculated over the projects' lifetimes (in large part 

because they are tied to state and federal funding cycles for transportation 

 project^).^ Stationary source reductions are referenced on a tonslday basis 

1211 9/02 

12R0101 

4 This statement primarily reflects mobile source measures for which the District has authority to 

implement or assist in implementation. Mobile source measures for which ARB is responsible 

3/21/02 

5/16/02 

4/25/02 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 

Operations 1 

0.04 

0.2 

9.6 

Commercial 

Charbroiling 

Bakery Ovens 

Stationary Gas 

Turbines 

0.03 

0.2 

5.4 

VOC 

VOC 

NOx 
. I 

EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Re vised 10/20/05 

because they are cumulative in that they continue to occur day after day, year 

after year, from the same source. The control measures continue to generate 

reductions as long as the controlled source is operating. Due to the nature of 

mobile source emissions control measures, quantifying the actual years in which 

reductions will occur is not possible. For some projects, reductions may be 

limited or tied to a set number of years. For others, emission reductions may 

occur over a set number of years. 

8.5.2.2 District Committed Measures 

The District is continuing to work with the Transportation Planning Agencies 

(TPAs) in implementing previously-committed TCMs and in developing new 

TCMs for SIP submittals. The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) among the 

District and the eight county TPAs is still in effect. The 2000 Triennial Progress 

Report and Plan Revision mentioned several 9000-series rules that were no 

longer being pursued due to state action; these rules are still inactive. 

District and TPA staffs are working on specific actions and programs to reduce 

vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or to reduce emissions through other activities. 

Local governments in the SJVAB have committed to hundreds of Reasonably 

Available Control Measures in the period 2000-2002. The reader is referred to 

the Amended 2002 and 2005 Rate of Progress Plan for San Joaquin Valley 

Ozone for more information. The document is available on the District's website 

at www.vallevair.org. Descriptions of specific control measures are available in 

hardcopy at the District office in Fresno, at ARB'S office in Sacramento, or at 

EPA Region 9's office in San Francisco. 

In addition, The District is working on a number of rules involving mobile sources. 

As shown in Chapter 4 of this Extreme OADP, the rule making schedule includes 

a school Bus Fleet Rule and lndirect Source Rules. Each of these rules is 

directed at reducing emissions from mobile sources. 

*The lndirect Source Rules represent a major rule development activity. lndirect 

Source Mitigation is aimed at controlling secondary emissions from development 

that attracts or generates motor vehicle trips. The District is currently evaluating 

rules to implement the lndirect Source Mitigation measure that would require 

mitigation measures and/or emission based fees to fund projects that reduce 

emissions. Developers would have the option for mitigating emissions on-site 

through project design and location, credit for the installation of infrastructure and 

equipment at the project site that would reduce vehicle trips or emissions, and/or 

the payment of a fee. During the 2000-2002 period, the District began the 

address motor vehicle technology changes and are quantifiable in amount of reductions and time 

period in which reductions occur. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Repott and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

process of revisiting prior rule development activities in this area (that did not 

result in development of indirect source rules). The 2003 PMlO Plan and state 

legislation signed into law in 2003 (SB 700 series) are driving the District to adopt 

indirect source rules in the late 2004learly 2005 time frame. 

8.5.2.3 Voluntary Programs 

The District continued to implement several successful voluntary mobile source 

en~ission reduction programs in the 2000-2002 time frame. These programs are 

described below. 

During the 2000-2002 time frame covered by this report, the REduce Motor 

Vehicle Emissions (REMOVE) Program utilized a portion of a $4 motor vehicle 

registration surcharge fee allowed by State legislation for nonattainment areas for 

District-operated planning, monitoring, enforcement, technical studies, and 

emission reduction projects necessary to implement the California Clean Air Act 

(CCAA). The REMOVE Program funded projects that reduce motor vehicle 

emissions within the Valley through a competitive request for proposal (RFP) 

process. During the 2000-2001 funding cycle (2 years were treated as one 

cycle) and 2001-2002 funding cycles, the District continued to implement the 

REMOVE Program; projects funded at a cost of almost $3,633,389 resulted in an 

estimated 460 tons of emissions reduction over the lifetime of the projects. The 

REMOVE Program is no longer in existence as of JLIIY 2004, but the District 

plans to replace it later in 2004 with a similar program. 

During 2000, 2001 and 2002, the District received 5,997 calls or report slips 

regarding smoking vehicles, with about a 17 percent response rate from 

individuals receiving a "Smoking Vehicle'' letter. This voluntary program reduces 

motor vehicle emissions by encouraging owners of smoking vehicles to have 

repairs made to correct problems of high emissions. 

The Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction Program provides financial 

incentives to municipalities, companies, fleet operators and individuals who 

purchase new heavy-duty, low-emission on-road vehicles from original 

equipment manufacturers (OEM); new OEM heavy-duty, low-emission engines 

for replacements; or retrofit technologies for heavy-duty on-road and nor]-road 

vehicles meeting criteria guidelines. 

The District is funding its Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction Program with 

Carl Moyer funds, provided through state legislative action. Since 1999, The 

District has received $18,308,227 on Carl Moyer Program funding. The District 

has provided additional match funding in the amount of $7,658,671. To date, the 

District has obligated all Moyer Program funds for years one, two and three (CMI, 

CMll and CMIII) and approximately 30% of funds for year four (CMIV). 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
, ,I 3 

EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Implementation has been successful, particularly with the agricultural community. 

The District has provided Moyer Program incentive funds for projects including 

agricultural pump engines, refuse haulers, street sweepers, tractors, grape 

harvesters, delivery trucks, and almond sweepers. Approximately $25,000,000 

in Moyer Program funds and matching funds has been awarded to fund over 

1,300 cleaner burning engines. Approximately 9,500 tons of NOx reductions 

have resulted from Moyer Program projects. 

Additionally, in 1996, the District began a Spare the Air Program. This voluntary 

program is designed to encourage ridesharing and discourage use of equipment 

and products that emit ozone precursors during the ozone season. The program 

is directed both to employers and the general public. In 1996, 75 employers 

were enrolled in the employer component. By Septerr~ber 1997, the employer 

component had increased to nearly 500 participants, while in 1998 and 1999, the 

employer component ran about 730. The focus of the program in 1999 was 

increasing the active participation of employers already enrolled in the program 

rather than increasing the number of employers in the program. Between 2000- 

2002, the employer corr~ponent grew from 710 to 749. 

8.5.3 Land Use Programs 

Land use programs contain three basic elements: District CEQA review of 

projects in the SJVAB, District Guidelines for Assessing and Mitigation Air Quality 

Impacts, and District Air Quality Guidelines for General Plans. 

In the CEQA Program, the District reviews projects each year from nearly all 

local planning agencies in the San Joaquin Valley. Local jurisdictions routinely 

include air quality mitigation measures recommended by the District in 

development projects. For the period 2000-2002, the District reviewed almost 

4000 projects of varying complexity throughout the 8-county region. In addition, 

the District is increasingly functioning as lead on CEQA documents due to its 

discretionary action of permit issuance. For the period 2000-2002, the District 

reviewed and updated the Guide for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts 

(SJVUAPCD 2002) to further assist local jurisdictions in analyzing and mitigating 

impacts, and issued a revised version on January 10, 2002. The District is 

preparing another update in 2004. 

In the District's program to encourage air quality elements in city and county 

general plans, District staff provides assistance to cities and counties via its Air 

Quality Guidelines for General Plans (AQGGP) [SJVUAPCD 19941 and by 

reviewing general plans as they are updated. The AQGGP has been very well 

accepted. Nearly all cities and counties in the District that have prepared general 

plan updates have used the AQGGP since its approval in 1994. In 2002 the 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

District began updating the AQGGP, and expects to issue a revised version in 

2004. 

Also in 2002, the District began developing a manual entitled Internal CEQA 

Guidelines for District Staff When completed, this manual will guide District staff 

on how to comply with CEQA for the range of District activities, which include 

serving as lead agency on development projects. Other activities related to land 

use include Indirect Source Rules discussed above under Mobile Sources. 

8.6 PLAN REVISION 

8.6.1 Introduction 

The California Clean Air Act requires the District to establish a strategy that will 

achieve an annual average five percent reduction in ozone precursor emissions, 

or alternatively, to commit to taking all feasible measures to reduce emissions 

within its boundaries in an expeditious time frame. The District's adopted 

strategy is based on the latter alternative. During the 2000-2002 period, the 

District continued to implement its original control strategy of adopting rules to 

fulfill the District's SIP commitment and then to address additional measures 

needed for attainment of the California ozone standard. The District met all of its 

federally required emission reduction rates (three percent per year for every 

three year period post 1996 until attainment) for I -hr ozone precursors for the 

2000-2002 period addressed by this report. 

During the 2003-2005 planning cycle, the District will continue its efforts to 

improve its emissions inventory. This will consist of both in-house efforts, joint 

efforts with ARB, and contracting with consultants for updating or developing 

inventories for specific sources. The District will also cor~tinue to participate with 

ARB and other districts on analyzing CCOS data and developing modeling tools 

to improve ozone standard attainment planning. In particular, work in 2003-2005 

will focus on developing modeling tools for 8-hour ozone. 

8.6.2 Control Strategy 

The District's control strategy to reduce ozone pollution is largely driven at 

present by emissions reductions needed to attain the federal I -hour ozone 

standards and needed to attain the federal PMIO standards. The District is 

implementing an intense rule development schedule to meet commitments in the 

Amended 2002 and 2005 Rate of Progress plan for San Joaquin Valley Ozone 

(which includes control measures though 2005) and in the 2003 PMIO Plan 

(which contains control measures for PMIO and its precursors, including the 

VOC and NOx out to the year 2010). For ozone rate of progress, the District has 

demonstrated a 33% reduction in ozone precursor emissions over the period 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10R0/05 

1990-2002 by a large margin, thus exceeding federal requirements for ozone 

precursor emissions reductions. The 2003 PMlO Plan calls for a total annual 

NOx reduction of 45.3 tonslday and a total annual VOC reduction of 20.8 

tonslday by 201 0. 

Table 8-5 presents the District's 2003-2005 rulemaking schedule. Beyond 2005, 

the District's rulemaking schedule becomes even more intense. The PMlO Plan 

identifies NOx, VOC and PMlO direct emissions controls through 2010. This 

plan will be revised and resubmitted to EPA in March 2006, so a significant 

evaluation of the control measure commitments will occur in 2005. This Extreme 

OADP identifies control measure commitments through 2010 for VOC and NOx. 

In 2007, the District must develop and submit to EPA an OADP for the 8-hour 

ozone standard, which is expected to call for even more emissions reductions 

than have been identified to date for PMlO and the 1-hour ozone standard. By 

early 2008, the District must develop and submit to EPA plans for attaining the 

PM2.5 standard and the regional haze standard. These plans will also include 

control measure commitments for ozone precursor emissions. The District will 

continue to pursue emissions reductions for VOC and NOx unless and until 

gridded photocherr~ical modeling results indicate air quality benefits from 

controlling emissions of one precursor more than the other. The District also 

intends to continue its strategy of regional control measures and rules; no new 

rules, nor exemptions to existing rules, are being considered for specific subregions within the SJVAB. All of these future federal planning activities will be 

addressed in future Triennial Progress Reports and Plan Revisions. The reader 

is referred to the Amended 2002 and 2005 Rate of Progress Plan for San 

Joaguin Valley Ozone, to the 2003 PMlO Plan; both documents are available on 

the District's website at www.vallevair.org. Table 4-1 of this Extreme OADP 

includes measures for the 2005 to 2007 time frame. 

The previous Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision (SJVUAPCD 2001) 

referred to a number of requirements related to classification of the SJVAB as 

severe nonattainment for the federal 1-hour ozone standard. EPA eliminated 

these requirements upon the effective date of the reclassification to extreme 

nonattainment (69 FR 20550). 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

Table 8-5 

Rule Making Schedule for 2003-2005 

Rule 

46 04 

4409 New 

4455 New 

Control Measure 

Lime Kilns 

Adopt1 Reason 

Amend 1 Date 1 

2W03 RACTIRACM 

1Q-2003 

Boilers, Steam Generators 

and Process Heaters 

Stationary IC Engines 

Can and Coil Coating 

Oil and Gas Fuaitives 

Indirect Source Mitigation 1 4Q - 2005 1 EOADP (cW 

3Q - 2003 

3Q - 2003 

- 

Refinery & Chemical 

Fuaitives 

Sanction 

Cloc WFixu p1RACM 

Sanction 

Cloc WFixu p1RACM 

1Q - 2004 

2Q - 2005 

I I I 1 4694 New I Wineries - Fermentation and 1 40 - 2005 1 EOADP (Ch. 4) 1 

RACM 

EOADP fCh. 41 

2Q - 2005 

Small Boilers, Process 

Heaters, Steam Generators, 

2.0 - 5.0 MMBtuIhr 

I I Storaae I I 'I 

-~ - 

EOADP (Ch. 4) 

4Q - 2005 

I \ /I 

Source : SJVAPCD 2002; EOADP Ch.4, Table 4-1 

'Control measures shown as deleted were moved into the post-2005 time frame and thus are beyond the scope of this 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision, they will be addressed in the next Triennial Progress Report and Plan 

Revision 

Note: Bold Text indicates that the control measure has been adopted. 

EOADP (Ch. 4) 

4702 

4309 New 

8.6.3 Updated Strategy & Expected Reductions 

As requested by ARB in the 2003 "Triennial Assessment and Plan Revisions" 

Stationary IC Engines 

Commercial Dwers 

guidance, the district has included projections of the planning inventory out to the 

year 2020. Table 8-6 presents the requested years of 2010, 2015 and 2020 by 

primary source sector of stationary, area, and mobile sources to provide a longterm view of how emissions are expected to change in the future in the SJVAB. 

Table 8-6 shows that ARB projects the SJVAB emissions to decline over the long 

term. Trends for all three pollutants show a downward trend, with the exception 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 

2Q - 2005 

4Q - 2005 

EOADP (Ch. 4) 

EOADP (Ch. 4) 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

of VOC, which slightly increases from 201 0 to 2020, primarily due to area 

sources (but also stationary sources). This increase is most likely due to 

population growth outstripping the ability of area source emission controls in the 

out years. Also of note is a significant downward trend in NOx emissions for onroad and off-road mobile sources, reflecting state and federal emissions controls 

on engines. 

Table 8-6 

Planning Emissions Inventories (summer, tons/day)* 

Represents direct inventory output, CCOS Version 2.1 1-RF932PEI; no local or state line 

item adjustments made. Also may not match Table 3-1 due to changes in Version 2.1 1 over 

time. 

8.6.4 Further Study Measures 

81.8 

291.4 

Further study measures are measures that need to be researched in order to 

determine its feasibility as a control measure in the future. The District identified 

several emission source categories that appear to have the potential for emission 

reductions, but they have highly 1.1ncertain emission inventories or estimates of 

control measure effectiveness. For those sources, the District proposes further 

study to enable an informed decision on whether to pursue a control measure and to 

deterrr~ine a realistic emission reduction estimate. The District's "Further Study 

Measures" are presented in Section 4.2 of this Extreme OADP. Note that Chapters 

4, 5, and 7 of this Extreme OADP identify and evaluate state and District ozone 

precursor emission control measures that would be adopted outside the time frame 

of the California Clean Air Act Plan Revision, and are therefore not mentioned in this 

Chapter. 

Other 

Mobile 

Total 

SJVUAPCD 

376.3 

1131.6 

Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 

41.5 

364.7 

118.5 

398.3 

35.4 

356.8 

96.0 

332.5 

371.5 

1246.0 

32 0 

358.2 

380.2 

1444.8 
EXTREME OZONE ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION PLAN Revised 10/20/05 

8.7 REFERENCES 

ARB 1990 California Air Resources Board, Assessment and Mitigation 

of the Impacts of Transported Pollutants on Ozone 

Concentrations within California, June 1990, CARB, 

Sacramento, California. 

ARB 2001 California Air Resources Board, Ozone Transport: 2001 

Review, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, 

California, April 2001. 

ARB 2004a Califorl-lia Air Resources Board, EPCD Data Sacramento, 

California. 

ARB 2004b The 2004 California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality, 

Califorrlia Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California. 

SJVAPCD 1992 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, 1991 Air 

Quality Aftainment Plan, January 1 992, SJVUAPCD, Fresno, 

California. 

SJVAPCD 1994 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, Air Quality 

Guidelines for General Plans, SJVUAPCD, Fresno, 

California, October 20, 1 994. d 

SJVAPCD 1998 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, California 

Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 

1995-1997 (1 997 Triennial Update), 1998, SJVUAPCD, 

Fresno, California. Approved by ARB October 1999. 

SJVAPCD 2001 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, California 

Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision 

1997-1999 (2000 Triennial Update), SJVUAPCD, Fresno, 

California, 2001. 

SJVAPCD 2002a San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, Guide for 

Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts, SJVUAPCD, 

Fresno, California, January 10, 2002 revision (originally 

adopted August 20, 1998). 

SJVAPCD 2002b San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, Amended 

2002 and 2005 Rate of Progress Plan for San Joaquin 

Valley Ozone, SJVUAPCD, Fresno, California, December 

19, 2002 revision. 

SJVUAPCD Chapter 8 - California Clean Air Act 

Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision