FI LED U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT M ar c h 16, 2007 T HOM AS K. KAHN CL E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 06- 13011 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C . D o c k e tN o . 0 2 - 8 0 1 9 1 - C R - D MM U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s L A U R A E L L E N L E E , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe S outhe r n D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( M ar c h 16, 2007) B efo re M A R C U S , W IL S O N an d P R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: L a ur a E l l e n L e e appe a l s he r24- m onth s e nt e nc e i m pos e d upon the r e voc a t i on o f h e rs u p e r v is e d r e le a s e . L e e r a is e s tw o c la im s f o rth e f ir s t tim e o n ap p e a l. F ir s t, she a rgues thatthe di stri ctcourterre d b y i m po si ng a t er m of i m pri sonm entthatApprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000). 1 2 w as grea t erthan t he advi sory G ui del i nes r ange fo r her ori gi nal se nt ence . M ore sp eci fi cal l y, sh e co n t en d s th ath er S i x th A m en d m en tri g h t s w ere v i o l at ed b ecau se w he n s he w a s or i gi na l l y s e nt en ced unde rthe m a nda t or y gui de l i ne s , the “ r e l e va nt s t a tut or y m a xi m um ” f

orA ppr e ndi purpos e s w a s 16 m onths ’ i m pr i so n m e nt- - the

1
m a xi m um G ui de l i ne s r a nge appl i c a bl e t o the fact s c ha r ge d i n he ri ndi c tm e nta nd adm i tt ed t o h eri n h ergu i l ty pl ea . S ec on d, L ee as se rt s the di stri ctcourti m po se d a n u n r e a s o n a b le s e n te n c e b e c a u s e it f a ile d to c o n s id e ra d e q u a te ly th e 1 8 U .S .C . § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f a c t o r s . W e a f

f i r m. W he r e a d e f

e n d a n tf a i l s t o r a i s e h e rc o n s t i tu t i o n a l o b j e c t i o n b e f

o r e t he di s tr i c tc our t , ourr e vi e w i s fo r p l a i n e rr or . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. R odr i gue z , 398 F . 3d 12 91 , 1 2 9 8 (11t h C i r. 20 05 ). U nd erpl ai n err or re vi ew , there m ustbe (1) an error, (2) thati s pl ai n, and (3) aff ec t s s ub st ant i al ri gh t s. Id. W hen t hese thr ee fac t ors a re m e t, th is C o u r t m a y th e n e x e r c is e its d is c r e tio n a n d c o r r e c t th e e r r o rif it s e r io u s ly affects th e fai rn ess, i n t eg ri ty, o r p u b lic rep u t at i o n o f th e j u d i ci al p ro ceed i n g s. Un i t e d St a t e s v . Ol a n o , 5 0 7 U. S. 7 2 5 , 7 3 2 ( 1 9 9 3 ) . W e r e vi e w a s e nt ence i m po se d f ora vi ol a t i on of

s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e f

orr e a s ona bl e ne s s . U n i t ed S t at e s v. S w e e t i ng, 43 7 F . 3d 11 05 , 11 06 -07 (11 th C i r. 20 06 ). P ursuantt o 1 8 U . S . C . § 3 58 3(e) , a d istr i ctcourtm ay , up on fi nd i ng by a pre po nd er ance of the evi dence tha ta de f

e nda ntha s vi ol a t e d a c ondi t i on of s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e , r e voke3

the t e r m o f su p e r vi s e d r e l e a s e a nd i m pos e a t e r m of i m pr i s onm e nt after co n si deri ng ce rt ai n fac t ors s etforth i n 1 8 U . S . C . § 3 55 3(a) . S ect i o n 3 5 5 3 (a) p ro v i d es th atd i stri ctco u rt s i m p o si n g a s e n te n c e m u st f i r s tc ons i de r , i nt e ra l i a , ( 1) the na tur e a nd c i r c um s t a nc e s of the of f e ns e ; ( 2) the hi s t or y a nd c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e d ef e nda nt ; ( 3) the n e e d f o rth e s e n te n c e to r e f

le c t th e s e r io u s n e s s o f t h e o f f e n s e , p r o m o te r e s pe c tf o rth e l a w , a n d p r o v i d e j u s tp u n i s h me n tf o rth e o f f e n s e ; a nd ( 4) the ki nds of

s e nt e nc e s a nd s e nt e nc i n g ran ge e s t a bl i s he d by the G ui de l i ne s , a nd i n the c a s e of a vi ol a t i on of

s upe r vi s e d r e l ease, the ap p l i c a bl e G ui de l i ne s orpol i c y s t a t e m e nt s i s s ue d by the S e nt e nc i ng C om m i ss i on . S ee 18 U . S . C . § 3 55 3(a) . I d . T he re l evantfa ct s ar e these . O n O ct ob er31 , 20 02 , a f eder al grand j ury re tu rn ed a m ul t i -c ou ntsuperc edi ng i nd i ctm entagai nstL ee and severa l c o d e f e n d a n ts , in w h ic h L e e w a s c h a r g e d w ith k n o w in g ly a n d in te n tio n a lly m a i nt a i ni ng a pl a c e f

orthe purpos e of

m a nuf a c tur i ng, di s tr i but i ng, a nd us i ng m etham ph et am i ne, i n vi ol at i on of 21 U . S . C . § 856 (a )( 1) and ( b), (“ C ou nt F ou r” ), a n d k n o w in g ly a n d in te n tio n a lly p o s s e s s in g e q u ip m e n t, c h e m ic a l s , a n d p r o d u c ts th a t c o u ld b e u s e d to m a k e m e th a m p h e t a m i n e , in v io la tio n o f 2 1 U .S .C . § 84 3(a) (6) a nd (d)( 2), (“C o u n tF i ve”) . P ursuantt o a w ri tt en pl eaagre em ent , L ee pl ed gu i l ty t o C ou ntF ou r a nd the go vernm entagre ed t o d i sm i ss C ou ntF i ve at se nt enci n g . T he pres ent ence i nv es t i gat i on re po rt(“ P S I” ) r ec om m ended t hat , base d o n a to tal o ff

e n s e le v el o f 1 0 an d a c rim in al h isto ry ca teg o ry o f I II , L ee ’s G ui de l i ne s r a nge w a s 10 t o 16 m onths ’ i m pr i s onm e nt . T h e st a tut or y m a xi m um f or4

L e e ’ s of f e ns e w a s 20 y e a r s ’ i m pr i s onm e nt . T he P S I not e d tha t be c a us e t he G ui d el i n es r a nge w a s i n “ Z one C , ” the m i ni m um t e r m of i m pr i s onm e ntc oul d be sa t i sf i ed by (1) a sen ten ce o f i m pri sonm ent ; or (2) ase nt ence of i m pri sonm entthat in c lu d e d a t e r m o f

s u p e r v is e d r e le a s e w ith a c o n d itio n th a t s u b s titu te d c o m m u n ity c onf i ne m e ntorhom e de t e nt i on, pr ovi de d tha ta tl e a s tone - ha l f of the m i ni m um t e r m w a s s a t i s f

i e d by i m pr i s onm e nt . I f a t e r m of

i m pr i s onm e ntw a s i m pos e d, the m ax i m u m t erm o f su p erv i sed rel ease w as th ree years. O n F e brua r y 27, 2003, the di s tr i c tco u rt sen t e nc e d L e e t o a 5- m onth t e r m of i m p ri so n m en t , f

o l l o w ed b y a 3 -year t erm o f su p erv i sed rel ease, i n cl u d i n g 1 5 0 d ays of ho me de t e nt i on . The c ou r ta l s o i mpos e d the f ol l ow i ng c on di t i on s up on her r e l e a s e f r om i m p ri s onm e nt , i nt e ra l i a : ( 1) s he w a s r e qui r e d t o r e f r a i n f r om exce ss i ve use of al coho l and n otuse, po ss es s, di stri bu t e, or pu rc hase any c on trol l ed s ubs t a nc e s ; ( 2) s he c oul d notl e a ve the j udi c i a l di s tr i c tw i thoutthe pe r m i s s i on of th e c o u r t o rth e p r o b a t io n o f f ic e r ; ( 3 ) s h e w a s r e q u ir e d to a n s w e rtru th f u lly a ll i nqui r i e s m a de by the pr oba t i on of f i cer ; ( 4) s he w a s r e qui r e d t o not i f y the pr oba t i on of

f i c e rt e n da y s be f

or e a ny c ha nge i n her res i de nc e ore m pl oy m e nt ; a nd (5 ) sh e w as req u i red t o su b m i tt o a reaso n ab l e search o f h er p erso n o r p ro p erty. O n S e pt e m be r25, 2003, the pr oba t i on of f i c e r , w i th L e e ’ s c ons e nt , f i l e d a r eque s tf

orm odi f

i c a t i on of

the c ondi t i ons ort e r m s of L e e ’ s s upe r vi s i on.5

S pe c i f i c a l l y , th e p r o b a t i o n o f f i c e r s o u g h t t o mo d i f

y Le e ’ s t e r ms o f s u p e r v i s i o n by m a n d a tin g th a t s h e p a r tic ip a te in a n ap p r o v e d in p a tie n t/o u tp a t i e n t m e n ta l h e a lth tr e a tm e ntpr ogr a m . T he pr obat i on of f i c e re xpl a i ne d the m odi f i c a t i on w a s s ought because w hi l e L ee w as se rvi ng her t erm of supervi se d rel ea se she w as adm i tt ed i nt o a l oc a l hos pi t a l , w he r e the e m e r ge nc y r oom phy s i c i a n di a g n o sed h era s be i ng de pr e s s e d a nd a s ha vi ng p o ssi bl y a tt e m pt e d s ui c i de by us i ng a l c ohol a nd p r e s c r ip tio n m e d ic a tio n s . T h e d is tr ic t c o u r t o r d e r e d th e m o d if ic a tio n . O n A ug us t17 , 20 04 , the pr ob a t i on of f i c e rf i l e d, w i th Le e ’ s c on s e nt , anot her r e que s tf orm odi f i c a t i o n o f t h e c ondi t i ons ort e r m s of L e e ’ s s upe r vi s i on. T he prob at i on offi ce r s ou gh tt o m od i fy L ee ’ s t erm s of s up ervi si on by m andat i ng that s he r e s i de a ta nd pa rt i ci p at e i n a c om m uni ty c or r e c t i ons c e nt e rnott o e xc e e d 120 da y s i n r e s pons e t o ( 1) L e e ’ s f a i l ur e t o not i f

y the pr oba t i o n o ffi c e rof a c ha nge of resi d en ce an d em p l o ym en t, ( 2 ) h er fai l u re t o m ak e m o n th l y rest i tu t i o n p aym en t s, and (3) her posses si on and u se of a co n tro ll ed subst ance . T he di stri ctcourtordered the m od i fi ca t i on . In Ja n u ar y 2 00 6, L ee ’ s t erm s of s up ervi se d rel ea se agai n w er e m o d ified , th is ti m e to in clu d e 2 5 h o u rs o f c o m m u n ity s er v ice in r e s p o n s e to L ee ’s f a i l ur e t o a n s w e rtru th f

u l l y r e g a r d i n g th e w h e r e a b o u t s o f h e rd a u g h t e r , f

o rw hom th e r e w a s a n o u ts ta n d in g f e d e r a l a r r e s t w a r r a n t.6

F in a lly , o n A p r il 4 , 2 0 0 6 , th e p r o b a tio n o f f ic e rf ile d a p e titio n s e e k in g to h a v e Le e ’ s t e r m o f

s u p e r v i s e d r e l e a s e r e v o k e d b e c a u s e Le e h a d v i o l a t e d th e t e r ms a n d c o n d i t i o n s o f

h e rs u p e r v i s e d r e l e a s e b y ( 1 ) u s i n g c o c a i n e a n d p a i n p i l l s w i th out a pr e s c r i pt i on on ora boutF e brua ry 21, 2006; ( 2) us i ng c oc a i ne a nd m e tha done on orab o u t F e brua r y 23, 2006; ( 3) l e a vi ng the j udi c i a l di s tr i c ton F e brua r y 8, 2006, w i tho utfi rs tre ce i vi ng the prob at i on offi ce r’ s perm i ss i on ; (4) l ea vi ng the j ud i ci al d istrict o n F eb ru ar y 2 7 , 2 0 0 6 , w ith o u t first re ce iv in g th e p ro b atio n o ff icer ’s pe r m i s s i on f

orthe purpos e o f o b t ai n i ng i l l e ga l drugs ; ( 5) t a m pe r i ng w i th a ur i ne s pe c i m e n by s ubm i tt i ng he rgr a ndda ught e r ’ s ur i ne i n pl a c e o f he row n; ( 6) us i ng c o c a in e o n M a r c h 1 7 , 2 0 0 6 ; a n d ( 7 ) f a ilin g to r e p o r t f

o ra s c h e d u le d u r in e te s tin g . A ther s ub se qu en t d et ent i on hear i ng before am agi stra t e j ud ge, L ee adm i tt ed t o ha vi ng c om m i tt e d a l l sev e n vi ol a t i ons . I n a R e por ta nd R e c om m e nda t i on (“ R & R ”) , th e m ag istrate ju d g e r ec o m m en d ed th at th e d istrict co u rt ac ce p t L ee ’s a d m is s io n s a n d f

in d h e rg u ilty o f

v io la tin g s u p e r v is e d r e le a s e . B ef ore her r evocat i on hear i ng , L ee su b m it te d a l ett ert o the di stri ctcourt re qu es t i ng thatthe courtno ti m po se the 24 -m on th sent ence soug htby her prob at i on offi ce r, bu t in stea d i m po se a s ent ence w i thi n the G ui del i nes r ange. L ee s t a t e d tha ther d rug- us e r e l aps e oc c ur r e d w he n s he l e a r ne d f r om he rpr oba t i on offi ce r thati nd i vi du al s i nv ol ved w i th h erdaug ht er ’ s c ri m i nal ca se w er e a fr ai d that7

h er d au g h t er w as g o i n g t o co m m it s u ic id e u p o n co m p l et i n g h er sen t en ce. L ee al so ask ed th e d i stri ctco u rtt o t ak e i n t o c o n s id e rat i o n th ath er d ru g ad d i ct i o n w as a di se as e, her m other w as 84 year s ol d and i n i l l heal th, and h eron l y s i st erw as ph ys i ca l l y unabl e t o car e f or thei r m other. A tthe r e voc a t i on he a r i ng, the di s tr i c tc our tnot e d tha ti tha d r e vi e w e d the R & R , L ee ’ s l ett er , and t he ori gi nal P S I. T he co u rt n o ted thatal tho ug h the advi sory G ui del i nes r ange w as 5 t o 1 1 m on ths’ im p riso nm ent , the prob at i on offi ce r r e c om m e nde d a 24- m onth pr i s on t e r m ba s e d on L e e ’ s c onduc t dur i ng he rp eri od of supervi se d rel ea se . In re spon se , L ee ar gu ed tha t a se nt ence w i thi n the advi sory ran g e w as ap p ro p ri at e, p ar ticu l arl y si n ce th e i n st an tv i o l at i o n w as h er fi rst vi ol a t i on dur i ng the tw o a nd one - ha l f y e a r s s he ha d been o n su pe r vi s e d r e l e a s e a nd tha t , a l th o u g h sh e w a s a n a ddi c ta nd w oul d be f orthe r e s tof

he rl i f e , he rpe r i od of re l apse shou l d n otnegat e h er lo ng peri od s of s ob ri ety. T he di stri ctcourt r e s p o n d e d th a t th e r e h a d b e e n f o u r p e t i t i o n s w i th r e s p e c t t o h e r s u p e r v i s i on a nd thati tw as no tan ac cura t e s t at em entthather t erm of su p er v ised re l ea se w as pr obl e m - f

r e e , t o w hi c h L e e r e pl i e d tha tthi s w a s he rf i r s tr e voc at i on he a r i ng a nd tha tthe othe rpe t i t i o n s w er e di s t i ngui s ha bl e be c a us e the y i nvol ve d a m odi f i c a t i on of s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e . S he a l s o hi ghl i ght e d tha tthe un d erl yi n g c onvi c t i on w a s f or8

a l l ow i ng he rda ugh t er an d h erda ught e r ’ s f r i e nd t o us e he rr e s i de nc e t o m a ke m e th a m p h e ta m in e , b u t th a t th e r e w a s n o e v id e n c e th a t s h e e v e rs o ld d ru g s . T he gove r nm e ntr e s ponde d tha ti tw a s r e c om m e ndi ng a s e nt e nc e a tthe t op of the G ui de l i ne s r a nge , not i ng tha tL e e w a s a n a ddi c tw ho de c i de d nott o t a ke advant age of the tre atm entprog ram s a vai l abl e t o h er , and t hatthere w as no other al t ernat i ve than i ncar ce ra t i on . T he di stri ctcourti nq ui re d abo utthe se nt ence r e qui r e d i n or de rt o ge tL e e i nt o a pr i s on drug treatm e ntpr ogr a m . T he gove r nm e nt r e s p o n d e d : “T w e n ty F o u rm o n th s , J u d g e .” T he courtthen m ade the fol l ow i ng fi nd i ng s i n i m po si ng se nt ence : I ha ve c ons i de r e d the s t a t e m e nt s of a l l the pa r t i e s an d a l l the i nf o r ma t i o n c o n t a i n e d i n th e v i o l a t i o n r e p o r t , I h a v e f o u n d t he D e f e nda ntha s vi ol a t e d the t e r m s a nd c ondi t i ons of s upe r vi s e d a nd [ s i c ] r el ease a nd r e voke the pe r i od of s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e , a nd I ha ve d eter m in ed th at b as ed o n ag g ra v a ti n g circ u m stan ce s a re [s ic] a vi ol at i on of se nt ence ou t si de the gu i del i ne ra ng e i s app ropri at e. T h r e e th in g s s ta n d o u t , f ir s t, s h e b a s ic a lly lie d to th e m a r s h a ls and -- thei r e ff

ort s t o fi nd th e d au g ht er . S he then u se d h er gr a ndda ught e r ’ s ur i ne t o f a ke he rur i ne s a m pl e . S h e b asi c a l l y ha s not tr e a te d s u p e r v is e d r e le a s e s e r io u s ly , s h e h a s c o n tin u a lly v io la te d it, s he t ol d - - i n a phone c onve r s a t i on appa r e nt l y s a i d tha tthe pr oba t i on o f f ic e rw a s to o d u m b to f in d th e e v id e n c e a n d s h e h a d a c h a n c e to s e e k i npa t i e nttr e a tm e nta nd the y r e c om m e nde d tha tsh e do i ta nd s he did n ’t , a n d so for a l l these re as on s, I don ’ tse e thatthe advi sory g u id e lin e s a r e a p p r o p r ia te . I h o p e th a t s h e c a n g e t d ru g tr e a tm e n t in the B ur e a u of

P r i s ons , i ti s m y r e c om m e nda t i on tha ts he do s o.Although L ee refers to the m ax i mum sentenc e allowe d under theGuidelines ra ng e as the 2 “rel evant s tatutor

y maximum ,”thestatutor y maximumsh efac e d w a s 2 0 ye ars imp ri so nment. See 21 U.S.C. § 856(a) 91), (b) . 9 T he di s tr i c tco u rt t h en s e nt e nc e d L e e t o 24 m onths ’ i m pr i s onm e nt . A f t e ri m pos i ng se nt ence , the courti nq ui re d i f L ee had any obj ec t i on s t o the se nten ce o r th e m anner i n w hi c h i tpr onounc e d. L e e r e s ponde d by r e que s t i ng tha ts he be sen t t o C ol e m a n, a nd tha t the di s tr i c tc our ts pe c i f y tha ti tw a s r e c om m e ndi ng the 500- hourdrug tr e a tm e n t p r o g r a m if th a t w a s its in te n tio n . T h e ju d g e r e p lie d th a t h e w o u ld re com m end C entra l F l ori da and t he 50 0-ho ur d ru g trea tm entprog ra m . T hi s app ea l f o llo w e d . F i r s t , L e e a r gue s tha the rS i xth A m e ndm e ntr i ght s w e r e vi ol a t e d ba s e d on the di stri ctcourt ’ s i m po si t i on of a s ent ence , up on rev o ca t i on of supervi se d rel ea se , th a t e x c e e d e d th e m a x im u m G u id e lin e s r a n g e f o rth e u n d e r l y in g o f

f e n s e . I t is 2
w el l -s ett l ed thatun der a n adv i sory G ui del i nes s ys t em , the m axi m um se n t ence that a c o u r t m a y im p o s e is n o t l i m i t e d b y th e G u id e lin e s r a n g e , b u t b y w h a t is a uthor i z e d unde rthe U ni t e d S t a t e s C ode . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. D unc a n, 400 F . 3d 1297, 1 3 0 3 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 5 ) ; s e e a ls o U n ite d S ta te s v . W h ite , 4 1 6 F .3 d 1 3 1 3 , 1 3 1 8 ( 1 1 th C i r . 2005) ( r e c ogni z i ng t h ate ve n pr e - B ooke rthe C hapt e rS e ve n r e voc a t i on g u id e lin e s w e r e a d v is o r y ) .10

W he r e , a s he r e , the s t a tut or y m a xi m um t e r m of i m pr i so n m en ti s l e s s tha n 25 y e a r s but10 orm or e years, t h e o f f e ns e i s c l a s s i f

i e d a s a C l a s s C f

e l ony . S e e 18 U . S . C . § 3559( a ) ( 3) . U pon r e voc a t i on of a t erm o f

s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e , a de f e nda nt w hos e unde r l y i ng of

f e ns e i s c l a s s i fi ed as a C l a s s C f e l ony c a n be s e nt e nc e d t o a t erm of i mpr i s on me ntno tgr e a t e rtha n tw o y e a r s . Se e 18 U . S. C. § 3 58 3( e) (3). B e c a us e L e e w a s s e nt e nc e d unde ra n a dvi s or y G ui de l i ne s s y s t em t o a t e r m of i m pr i s onm e ntnotgr e a t e rtha n w h a tw a s a uthor i z e d unde rthe U . S . C ode , the d is tr ic t c o u r t d id n o t c o m m it a S ix th A m e n d m e n t e r r o r , p la in o ro th e r w is e , in se nten cin g L ee t o 2 4 m on ths’ i m pri sonm entup on re vo ca t i on of her s up ervi se d re l ea se . W e al so re

j ec t L ee ’ s chal l enge t o the re as on abl enes s of h er sent ence . B e c a us e L e e a dm i tt e d tha ts he vi ol a t e d the c ondi t i ons of h er s upe r vi s e d r e l e a s e , the d i s tr i c tc o u r ta c t e d w i th i n i t s d i s c r e t i o n w h e n i tr e voke d he rr e l e a s e . Se e 1 8 U . S. C. § 3 58 3(e) . M oreover, altho ug h the se nt ence i s abo ve the re com m ended adv i sory r a n g e of 5 t o 1 1 mo n th s ’ i mp r i s o n me n t , i td i d n o te x c e e d th e s t a tu t o r y ma x i mu m. U . S . S . G . § 7B 1. 4( a ) ; 18 U . S . C . § 3583( e ) . F i na l l y , f r om ourc a r e f

ul r e vi e w of

the re vo ca t i on proceedi ng s, i ti s c le arthatthe di stri ctcourtadequat el y c on si dere d the § 3 5 53 (a ) f

ac t ors i n arr i vi ng atL ee ’ s s ent ence . P ri or t o i m po si ng se nt ence , the court s t a t e d tha ti tha d c ons i de r e d the s t a t e m e nt s of a l l t h e p art i e s a s w e l l a s the11

i nf orma t i on c on t a i ne d i n the vi ol a t i on r e po r t . The di s tr i c tc ou r ta l s o c on s i de re d L e e ’ s hi s t or y a nd c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s , e s pe c i a l l y her rep eat e d vi ol a t i ons , a s a ggr a va t i ng ci rc um st ance s w arra nt i ng a s ent ence ou t si de of the g u id elin e r evocat i on ra ng e. M o reo v er, al th o u g h th e d istri ctco u rtd i d n o td i scu ss each o f th e § 3 5 5 3 (a) factors, i t w as n o t r eq ui re d t o d o so. U ni t ed S t at es v. S cott , 42 6 F . 3d 13 24 , 13 29 (11t h C i r. 20 05 ). In sum , L ee ’ s 24- m on th sent ence w as w i thi n the appl i cabl e s t atut ory m axi m um and b ec ause the di stri ct co u rt d id, i n fac t , consi der the advi sory G ui del i nes r ange, as w el l as the § 3 55 3(a) fa ct ors, w e c anno tsa y her se n ten ce w as un re as on abl e. AF F I RME D.