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December 14, 2015

Attn:

U. S. Department of Transportation Docket Operations 

West Building Ground Floor, Room w12-140 

1200 New Jersey Ave, SE Washington, DC 20590

RE: Schuman Aviation Company dba Makani Kai Helicopters

REQUEST AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF TITLE 14 OF THE CODE 

OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

SECTIONS 61.113(a) & (b), 91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & 

(a)(2), AND 91.417(a) & (b) CONCERNING COMMERCIAL OPERATION OF THE DJI 

INSPIRE 1 UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM PURSUANT TO SECTION 333 OF

THE FAA MODERNIZATION AND REFORM ACT OF 2012 (PUBLIC LAW 112-95)

Richard Schuman

President 

Schuman Aviation Company dba Makani Kai Helicopters

130 Iolana Place

Honolulu, Hawaii 96819

(808) 834-5813 Fax (8080 837-7867

Richard@MakaniKai.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page 

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................3 

SUMMARY...........................................................................................................................4 

INTRODUCTION AND INTERESTS OF PETITIONER....................................................4 

BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................4 

BASIS FOR PETITION.........................................................................................................5 

NAME AND ADDRESS OF PETITIONER.........................................................................6

THE SPECIFIC SECTIONS OF 14 C.F.R. FROM WHICH MAKANI KAI HELICOPTERS 

SEEKS EXEMPTION............................................................................................................7

THE EXTENT OF RELIEF MAKANI KAI HELICOPTERS SEEKS AND THE REASON 

MAKANI KAI HELICOPTERS SEEKS THE RELIEF.....................................................10

THE REASONS WHY GRANTING MAKANI KAI HELICOPTERS REQUEST WOULD 

BE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST .......................................................................................12

THE REASONS WHY GRANTING THE EXEMPTION TO MAKANI KAI HELICOPTERS 

WOULD NOT ADVERSELY AFFECT SAFETY..............................................................14

SUMMARY THAT CAN BE PUBLISHED IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER...................25

ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, VIEWS, OR ARGUMENTS AVAILABLE TO 

SUPPORT THE ALTEK MEDIA GROUP’S REQUEST..................................................25

CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................25 

APPENDICES......................................................................................... 26
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GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS

AGL Above Ground Level

AOI Area of Interest

ATC Air Traffic Control

ATO Air Traffic Organization

AV Aerial Vehicle

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

COA Certificate of Authorization

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FAR Federal Aviation Regulation 

GCS Ground Control Station 

GPS Global Positioning System

LOL Loss of Link 

NAS National Airspace System

NOTAM Notice to Airman

PIC Pilot In Command

Section 333 FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) 

SO Safety Observer

SOP Standard Operating Procedures

UA Unmanned Aircraft

UAS Unmanned Aircraft System

VFR Visual Flight Rules

VLOS Visual Line of Site

VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions

VTOL Vertical Takeoff and Landing
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SUMMARY

Schuman Aviation Company dba. Makani Kai Helicopters hereafter referred to as Makani Kai 

Helicopters seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R §§ 61.113(a) & (b), 91.7(a), 

91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b), to 

operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (DJI Inspire 1) pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA). This exemption will permit Makani Kai 

Helicopters to operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for the commercial purpose of 

conducting aerial video and photography of construction sites, residential and commercial real 

estate, civil landscapes and events over certain areas of Hawaii. 

INTRODUCTION AND INTERESTS OF THE PETITIONER

Makani Kai Helicopters, an FAA Part 135 air carrier, has for over twenty-five years provided

visitors, businesses, local state and federal agencies and other entities with aerial tours, charters, 

aerial photography, video and other aviation services. Makani Kai Helicopters has worked on 

dozens of television, commercial and major motion picture productions over the past 25 years in 

all types of locations with a perfect client and employee safety record. The objective of Makani 

Kai Helicopters and our Unmanned Aircraft System (DJI Inspire 1) aerial operations is to 

provide a more affordable, high-quality production system for a variety of governmental, 

commercial, public, and residential uses, specifically targeting

• Construction sites before and after

• Appraisals

• Real-estate marketing

• Economic development

• Civic landmarks

• Special event coverage

• Private and governmental training 

• TV commercials, film and other productions

My staff has safely flown RC gas and electric airplanes, helicopters and quadcopters recreationally

for approximately 30 years without incident or accident.

BACKGROUND

Unmanned Aircraft Systems: DJI Inspire 1, UAS

Makani Kai Helicopters seeks an exemption to operate a DJI Inspire 1 system for compensation 

or hire within the NAS. The DJI Inspire 1 is vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) Unmanned 

Aircraft (UA) with a Ground Control Station (GCS) utilizing electronic tablet or smart phone 

systems. The DJI Inspire 1 has a maximum gross weight of approximately 2935 grams while 

having dimensions of 438 x 451 x 301 mm, a maximum speed of approximately 49.2 miles per 

hour (no wind) and a maximum flying height of 400'. The DJI Inspire 1 is equipped with four 

main rotors driven by lithium polymer battery powered electric motors. 
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The DJI Inspire 1 that will be operated by Makani Kai Helicopters will be registered in 

accordance with 49 U.S.C. 44103, Registration of Aircraft, as well as 14 C.F.R Part 47, Aircraft 

Registration, and marked in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 45, Identification and Registration 

Marking.

BASIS FOR PETITION

Petitioner, Makani Kai Helicopters, pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Aviation 

Regulations (14 C.F.R. § 11.61) and the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA), 

Section 333, Special Rules for Certain Unmanned Aircraft Systems, hereby petitions the 

Administrator to commercially operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS in the National Airspace System 

(NAS), and for an exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R §§ 61.113(a) & (b), 91.7(a), 

91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b). 

In consideration of the speed, weight, size, and limited operating area associated with the 

unmanned aircraft and its operation, Makani Kai Helicopters operation of a DJI Inspire 1 UAS

meets the conditions of FMRA Section 333 and therefore, will not require an airworthiness 

certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

Accordingly, Makani Kai Helicopters requests relief from Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 

91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b), as these sections set forth requirements for 

maintenance that only apply to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate. 

Makani Kai Helicopters submits that the requested relief is proper since an equivalent level of 

safety will be ensured. Makani Kai Helicopters will use experienced personnel or technicians to 

perform maintenance, alterations, or preventive maintenance on the UAS using the methods, 

techniques, and practices prescribed in the operating documents (i.e., Monthly Maintenance Log, 

and DJI Inspire 1 Instruction Manual). Furthermore, Makani Kai Helicopters will document and 

maintain all maintenance records for the DJI Inspire 1 UAS. 

Relief from certain requirements of Section 61.113(a) and (b), entitled Private pilot privileges 

and limitations: Pilot in command, is requested by Makani Kai Helicopters to the extent 

necessary to allow a Pilot in Command (PIC) holding a private pilot or higher level certificate, as 

well as an airman medical certificate, and who has demonstrated, by meeting minimum flighthour and currency requirements, that the PIC is able to safely operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS in a 

manner consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures.

Makani Kai Helicopters seeks relief from Section 91.7(a), entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, 

because the DJI Inspire 1 UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 

14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. As such, Makani Kai Helicopters submits that they will ensure that 

the DJI Inspire 1 UAS is in an airworthy condition, prior to every flight, by determining that the 

UAS is in compliance with the operating documents (i.e., Monthly Maintenance Log, and DJI 

Inspire 1 Instruction Manual), and that the aircraft is in a condition for safe flight. 
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Makani Kai Helicopters also seeks an exemption from the requirements of Section 91.121, 

entitled Altimeter Settings, as the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will not have a typical barometric altimeter 

onboard. However, altitude information of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will be provided to the PIC via 

Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and radio communications telemetry data link, 

which downlinks from the UA to the GCS for active monitoring of the flight path. This altitude 

information, combined with Makani Kai Helicopters’ operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS within 

visual line of sight, at or below 400 feet AGL, will ensure a level of safety equivalent to Section 

91.121. 

Additionally, Makani Kai Helicopters seeks an exemption from the requirements of Section 

91.151(b), entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions. Makani Kai Helicopters

submits that safety will not be affected by operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS during daylight 

hours in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) under visual flight rules (VFR), with enough 

battery power to fly for a total duration of approximately 22 minutes. Battery power indicators 

are also able to show exactly how much battery power is left, as well as how much time is 

needed to return safely back to point of take off.

In accordance with 14 C.F.R. § 11.81, Makani Kai Helicopters provides the following 

information in support of its petition for exemption:

A. Name and Address of The Petitioner.

The name and address of the Petitioner and point of contact is:

Richard Schuman

President 

Schuman Aviation Company dba Makani Kai Helicopters

130 Iolana Place

Honolulu, Hawaii 96819

(808) 834-5813 Fax (8080 837-7867

Richard@MakaniKai.com
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B. The Specific Sections of 14 C.F.R. From Which Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks 

Exemption. 

1. Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption from The Requirements of Section 61.113(a) 

And (b). 

Section 61.113, entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command, 

subsections (a) and (b) prescribe the following, in relevant part: 

(a) No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as a pilot in command 

(PIC) of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; 

nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft. 

(b) A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft in 

connection with any business or employment if—

(1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and 

(2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire. 

2. Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption from The Requirements of Section 91.7(a).

Section 91.7, entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, subsection (a), states the following: 

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. 

3. Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption from The Requirements of Section 91.121. 

Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, subsection (a), states the following, in part: 

(a) Each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight level 

of that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set, when 

operating--

(1) Below 18,000 feet MSL, to--

(i) The current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route and 

within 100 nautical miles of the aircraft; 

(ii) If there is no station within the area prescribed in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of 

this section, the current reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available 

station; or 

(iii) In the case of an aircraft not equipped with a radio, the elevation of the 

departure airport or an appropriate altimeter setting available before 

departure. 

4. Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption from The Requirements of Section 91.151(b).

Section 91.151, entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, subsection
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(b), states the following: 

(b) No person may begin a flight in a rotorcraft under VFR conditions unless 

(considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to the 

first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly after that 

for at least 20 minutes. 

5. Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption from The Requirement of Section 91.405(a).

Section 91.405, entitled Maintenance required, subsection (a), states the following: Each 

owner or operator of an aircraft—

(a) Shall have that aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall 

between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, 

have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter[.] 

6. Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption from The Requirements of Section 

91.407(a)(1) 

Section 91.407, entitled Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, 

rebuilding, or alteration, subsection (a)(1), states the following: 

(a) No person may operate any aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive 

maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless--

(1) It has been approved for return to service by a person authorized under § 43.7 

of this chapter[.] 

7. Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption from The Requirements of Sections 

91.409(a)(1) And 91.409(a)(2). 

Section 91.409, entitled Inspections, subsection (a), states the following:

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no person may operate an 

aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it has had --

(1) An annual inspection in accordance with part 43 of this chapter and has been 

approved for return to service by a person authorized by § 43.7 of this chapter; or 

(2) An inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in accordance 

with part 21 of this chapter. 

8. Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption from The Requirements of Sections 91.417(a) 

And 91.417(b). 

Section 91.417, entitled Maintenance records, subsections (a) and (b), state the 

following: 
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(a) Except for work performed in accordance with §§ 91.411 and 91.413, each 

registered owner or operator shall keep the following records for the periods specified

in paragraph (b) of this section: 

(1) Records of the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration and 

records of the 100-hour, annual, progressive, and other required or approved 

inspections, as appropriate, for each aircraft (including the airframe) and each 

engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance of an aircraft. The records must include--

(i) A description (or reference to data acceptable to the Administrator) of the 

work performed; and 

(ii) The date of completion of the work performed; and 

(iii) The signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft 

for return to service. 

(2) Records containing the following information: 

(i) The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, each propeller, and 

each rotor. 

(ii) The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, 

rotor, and appliance. 

(iii) The time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft which 

are required to be overhauled on a specified time basis. 

(iv) The current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the 

last inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft 

and its appliances are maintained. 

(v) The current status of applicable airworthiness directives (AD) and safety 

directives including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD or safety

directive number and revision date. If the AD or safety directive involves 

recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required. 

(vi) Copies of the forms prescribed by § 43.9(d) of this chapter for each 

major alteration to the airframe and currently installed engines, rotors, 

propellers, and appliances. 

(b) The owner or operator shall retain the following records for the periods 

prescribed: 

(1) The records specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall be retained until 

the work is repeated or superseded by other work or for 1 year after the work is 

performed. 

(2) The records specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall be retained and 

transferred with the aircraft at the time the aircraft is sold. 
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(3) A list of defects furnished to a registered owner or operator under § 43.11 of 

this chapter shall be retained until the defects are repaired and the aircraft is 

approved for return to service. 

C. The Extent of Relief Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks and The Reason Makani Kai 

Helicopters Seeks The Relief. 

1. Extent of Relief Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks and The Reason Makani Kai Helicopters

Seeks Relief from Section 61.113(a) And (b). 

Relief from Section 61.113(a) and (b) entitled Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in 

command, is requested to the extent necessary to allow a PIC holding a private pilot or higher 

level certificate, as well as a current and valid airman medical certificate, and who has met 

certain flight-hour and currency requirements, to conduct the proposed UAS flight operations for 

compensation or hire. 

This relief is requested since the limitations set forth in Section 61.113(a) and (b) state that a 

private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft in connection with any 

business or employment if: (1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and 

(2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire. 

As set forth more fully below, Makani Kai Helicopters submits that an equivalent level of safety 

will be maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS unless that 

PIC has met certain flight-hour and currency requirements, demonstrating that the PIC is able to 

safely operate either the DJI Inspire 1 UAS in a manner consistent with the operations 

specifications as described in this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers, as 

well as maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures.

Further, Makani Kai Helicopters submits that all flights of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS conducted by

the PIC pursuant to the grant of this Petition: (1) will be incidental to Makani Kai Helicopters’

business; and (2) will not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire. 

2. Extent of Relief Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks and The Reason Makani Kai Helicopters

Seeks Relief from Section 91.7(a). 

Relief from Section 91.7(a) entitled Civil aircraft airworthiness, is requested to the extent 

required to allow Makani Kai Helicopters to determine that the DJI Inspire 1 UAS is in airworthy 

condition prior to every flight by ensuring that the UAS is in compliance with the operating 

documents (i.e., Makani Kai Helicopters Aerial Operations Manual, Monthly Maintenance Log, 

and DJI Inspire 1 Instruction Manual). 

Makani Kai Helicopters seeks the requested relief because the DJI Inspire 1 UAS does not 

require an airworthiness certificate in accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Therefore, 

Makani Kai Helicopters will ensure that the DJI Inspire 1 UAS is in airworthy condition based 
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upon its compliance with the operating documents (i.e., Monthly Maintenance Log, and the DJI 

Inspire 1) prior to every flight, and further, determine that the aircraft are in condition for safe 

flight, as stated in the conditions and limitations below.

3. Extent of Relief Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks and The Reason Makani Kai Helicopters

Seeks Relief from Section 91.121. 

Relief from Section 91.121, entitled Altimeter settings, may be required to allow flight 

operations of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, which utilize a barometric pressure sensor, GPS equipment, 

and a radio communications telemetry data link to downlink altitude information from the UA to 

the PIC at the ground control station (GCS). Since the FAA requires that any altitude information 

concerning UAS operations be reported to air traffic control (ATC) in feet above ground level 

(AGL), Makani Kai Helicopters seeks the requested relief because the DJI Inspire 1 UA’s 

altimeter may be set on the ground to zero feet AGL, rather than the local barometric pressure or 

field altitude, before each flight. 

Considering the limited altitude of the proposed operations, relief from 14 CFR 91.121 is sought 

to the extent necessary to comply with the applicable conditions and limitations stated below. As 

more fully set forth herein, an equivalent level of safety will be maintained since the DJI Inspire 

1 UAS is equipped with a barometric pressure sensor and GPS equipment, which automatically 

ensures that a ground level pressure setting will be established prior to each flight, and provides 

the PIC with altitude information of the UA on the heads-up display of the GCS. 

4. Extent of Relief Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks and The Reason Makani Kai Helicopters

Seeks Relief from Section 91.151(b). 

Relief from Section 91.151(b) entitled Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions, is 

requested to the extent required to allow flights of the battery powered DJI Inspire 1 UAS during 

daylight hours in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), under visual flight rules (VFR), for a 

total duration of 22 minutes. Makani Kai Helicopters seeks the requested relief because without 

an exemption from Section 91.151(b), the flight time duration of the battery powered DJI Inspire 

1 UAS will severely constrain the practicality of any aerial video or still photo flight operations 

that Makani Kai Helicopters proposes to conduct pursuant to this Petition. 

Significantly, as set forth below, the technical specifications of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, the DJI 

Inspire 1 operating documents, and Makani Kai Helicopters proposed operating limitations, 

ensure that Makani Kai Helicopters will safely operate the battery powered DJI Inspire 1 UAS

during daylight hours in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), under visual flight rules 

(VFR), with enough battery power to fly for a total duration of 22 minutes.
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5. Extent of Relief Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks and The Reason Makani Kai Helicopters

Seeks Relief from Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 91.417(a) & 

(b). 

Since Sections 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) apply only to 

aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, Makani Kai Helicopters requests relief from these 

Sections because the DJI Inspire 1 UAS does not require an airworthiness certificate. As set forth 

more fully below, the DJI Inspire 1 UAS meets the conditions of FMRA Section 333 for 

operation without an airworthiness certificate. Accordingly, Makani Kai Helicopters will use 

trained technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or preventive maintenance on the UAS

using the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed in the UAS operating documents (i.e., 

the Makani Kai Helicopters Aerial Operations Manual, Monthly Maintenance Log, and DJI 

Inspire 1 Instruction Manual). Furthermore, Makani Kai Helicopters will document and maintain 

all maintenance records for the DJI Inspire 1 UAS. 

D. The Reasons Why Granting Makani Kai Helicopters Request Would Be in The Public 

Interest; That Is, How It Would Benefit The Public As A Whole. 

Granting the present Petition will further the public interest by allowing Makani Kai Helicopters

to safely, efficiently, and economically perform aerial video and photography of construction 

sites, real estate, events, civic landscape and film and video production over certain areas of 

Hawaii. 

Additionally, use of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will decrease congestion of the NAS, reduce 

pollution, and provide significant benefits to the economy. Notably, the benefits of Makani Kai 

Helicopters’ proposed operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will be realized without implicating 

any privacy issues. 

1. The Public Will Benefit from Decreased Congestion of The NAS. 

The DJI Inspire 1 UAS is battery powered and serves as a safe, efficient, and economical 

alternative to the manned aircraft traditionally utilized to obtain aerial imagery. By reducing the 

amount of manned aircraft needed to perform aerial acquisitions, an exemption allowing the use 

of a DJI Inspire 1 UAS would reduce the amount of manned aircraft in the NAS, reduce noise 

and air pollution, as well as increase the safety of life and property in the air and on the ground. 

Furthermore, by reducing the number of manned aircraft operating in the NAS, congestion 

around airports caused by arriving and departing aircraft will be reduced. The DJI Inspire 1 UAS

does not require an airport to takeoff or land. Likewise, a reduction of manned aircraft 

conducting aerial video and photography missions would result in fewer aircraft that must be 

handled by air traffic control during the ground, takeoff, departure, arrival, and landing phases of 

flight operations.
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2. The Public Will Benefit from The Safety and Efficiency of The DJI Inspire 1 UAS. 

Conducting aerial acquisitions with the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, instead of manned aircraft, will 

greatly benefit the public by drastically reducing the levels of air and noise pollution generated 

during traditional aerial video and still photography flight operations. By using battery power 

and electric motors, the DJI Inspire 1 UAS produces no air pollution, and is the most viable 

environmentally conscious alternative to the cabin class, six-cylinder internal combustion engine 

fixed-wing aircraft and turbine powered helicopters that are typically utilized for aerial video and 

photography, while burning anywhere between 20 and 50 gallons per hour of fuel. The DJI 

Inspire 1 UAS, while reducing the carbon footprint of aerial acquisitions, also eliminates noise 

pollution, as the UAS is propelled by battery powered electric motors rather than an internal 

combustion engine. 

By using the DJI Inspire 1 UAS to perform aerial acquisitions, the substantial risk to life and 

property in the air and on the ground, which is usually associated with traditional manned aircraft 

flight operations, will be substantially reduced or completely eliminated. Aside from the lack of 

flight crew members located onboard the aircraft, the DJI Inspire 1 UAS (weighing 

approximately 2935 grams at its maximum gross weight with physical dimensions of 438 x 451

x 301 mm), has less physical potential for collateral damage to life and property on the ground, 

and in the air, compared to the manned aircraft that typically conduct similar operations 

(weighing anywhere from 1,500 to 6,000 pounds with commensurate larger dimensions).

3. Performing Aerial Video and Photography Operations with The DJI Inspire 1 UAS Will 

Benefit The Economy. 

In addition to being safe and efficient, the DJI Inspire 1 UAS is also an economical alternative to 

using manned aircraft to conduct similar aerial operations. As such, operation of the DJI Inspire 

1 UAS will allow Hawaii based companies, such as Makani Kai Helicopters, to remain 

competitive and contribute to the growth of the U.S. economy. Operating the battery powered 

DJI Inspire 1 UAS is one such technology that not only allows companies greater operational 

flexibility compared to manned aircraft, but provides such flexibility without the high 

operational cost of a traditional manned aircraft. 

By operating the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, companies such as Makani Kai Helicopters, can remain 

competitive and profitable, and therefore, provide greater job stability to employees and 

contractors, which will ultimately contribute to the growth of the U.S. economy. Improved 

financial performance of U.S. companies, through commercial use of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, 

provides a stable workforce that increases consumer spending; improves local, state, and federal 

tax revenues; and allows companies to invest in research and development in order to remain 

competitive both in the United States and abroad. 

4. There Are No Privacy Issues. 
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Similar to the manned aerial acquisition flight operations that have been conducted for decades, 

Makani Kai Helicopters’ proposed operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will not implicate any 

privacy issues. Specifically, the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will be operated only in compliance with 

operating documents (i.e., Makani Kai Helicopters Aerial Operations Manual, Monthly 

Maintenance Log, and DJI Inspire 1 Instruction Manual) which requires property owner 

involvement as well as local law enforcement notification, and in accordance with the Federal 

Aviation Regulations, including the minimum altitude requirements of 14 C.F.R. § 91.119. 

E. The Reasons Why Granting the Exemption Would Not Adversely Affect Safety, Or How 

The Exemption Would Provide A Level Of Safety At Least Equal To That Provided By 

The Rule From Which Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption. 

1. Reasons Why The DJI Inspire 1 UAS Meet the Conditions Of The FAA Modernization 

and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) Section 333. 

In consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

unmanned aircraft and its operation, Makani Kai Helicopters’ operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS

meets the conditions of FMRA Section 333, and will not require an airworthiness certificate in 

accordance with 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. 

Section 333 provides authority for a UAS to operate without airworthiness certification and sets 

forth requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a hazard to users of the NAS or the 

public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security. Specifically, FMRA Section 333 states the 

following, in part: 

(a) In General.-- Notwithstanding any other requirement of this subtitle, and not later 

than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation 

shall determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in the

national airspace system before completion of the plan and rulemaking required by 

section 332 of this Act or the guidance required by section 334 of this Act. 

(b) Assessment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--In making the determination under 

subsection (a), the Secretary shall determine, at a minimum--

(1) which types of unmanned aircraft systems, if any, as a result of their size, 

weight, speed, operational capability, proximity to airports and populated 

areas, and operation within visual line of sight do not create a hazard to users 

of the national airspace system or the public or pose a threat to national 

security; and

(2) whether a certificate of waiver, certificate of authorization, or 

airworthiness certification under section 44704 of title 49, United States 

Code, is required for the operation of unmanned aircraft systems identified 

under paragraph (1). 

(c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Secretary determines under this section 

that certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in the national airspace 
15

system, the Secretary shall establish requirements for the safe operation of such 

aircraft systems in the national airspace system. 

In seeking this exemption, Makani Kai Helicopters submits that the DJI Inspire 1 UAS can 

operate safely in the NAS pursuant to FMRA Section 333, as demonstrated by: (a) the 

characteristics of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS; (b) the pilot certification requirement; and (c) the 

specific operating limitations. 

a. The Specifications of The DJI Inspire 1 UAS Demonstrate Its Safe Characteristics.

The DJI Inspire 1 UAS does not create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or otherwise 

pose a threat to national security considering its size, weight, speed, and operational capability. 

i. Technical Specifications of The DJI Inspire 1 UAS. 

The technical specifications of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS are set forth by the DJI Inspire 1 User 

Manual, attached hereto as Appendix A. 

ii. The DJI Inspire 1 UAS Global Positioning Modes Enable The UAS to Remain 

Within a Defined Operational Area. 

The DJI Inspire 1 UAS may be operated in both manual and global positioning flight modes. A 

complete description of the flight and navigational modes of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS is provided 

at page 12 of the DJI Inspire 1 User Manual attached hereto as Appendix A. 

iii. The DJI Inspire 1 UAS is Designed for Automatic Return to Home Point Or 

Hover In The Event Of Loss Of The Control Link Or Navigation. 

When the Control Link is lost, the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will remain stationary, in flight, for 3 

seconds or more. If, after 3 seconds, the DJI Inspire 1 UAS does not reacquire control link data 

from the GCS, the UAS will assume that the Control Link is lost and the will return to the home 

position (i.e., failsafe mode) via GPS, and will descend to the takeoff position and shutdown. 

A complete description of the Failsafe Functions of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS are set forth at pages 

13 and 14 of the DJI Inspire 1 User Manual, attached hereto as Appendix A. 

iv. The DJI Inspire 1 GCS and Its Operation.

A complete description of the operation and specifications of the DJI Inspire 1 GCS and flight 

control software is provided at pages 11 through 33 of the DJI Inspire 1 User Manual. The DJI 

Inspire 1 User Manual is attached hereto as Appendix A. 

b. Flight Operations of DJI Inspire 1 UAS Is Limited to The Line of Sight of a Certificated 

Pilot in Command with A Safety Observer. 

Makani Kai Helicopters’ video production staff will be the only persons to act as a pilot in 

command (PIC) of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS. Additionally, a safety observer will assist him at all 

times during flight time. 
16

c. Flights of DJI Inspire 1 UAS Will Be Conducted Pursuant to Specific Operating 

Limitations. 

In seeking this exemption, Makani Kai Helicopters proposes to commercially operate DJI Inspire 

1 UAS for the special purpose of conducting aerial video and photography over certain areas of 

Hawaii, pursuant to the following specific operating limitations.

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption will be limited to the following 

aircraft described in the operating documents, rotorcraft UAS weighing less than 55 

pounds maximum gross weight: DJI Inspire 1 Unmanned Aircraft System. Proposed 

operations of any other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this 

grant. 

2. UAS operations under this exemption will be limited to conducting operations for 

the purpose of aerial video and photography. 

 3. The UAS may not be flown at an indicated airspeed exceeding 30 knots.

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level 

(AGL), as indicated by the procedures specified in the operating documents unless a 

special request is made and approved by ATC. All altitudes reported to ATC must be 

in feet AGL. 

5. The UAS must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all 

times. This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device 

other than corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical 

certificate. 

6. The use of first person view (FPV) by the PIC or safety observer (SO) is not 

permitted. 

7. All operations must utilize a safety observer (SO). The SO may be used to satisfy

the VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS capability. The SO 

and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times. Electronic messaging or 

texting is not permitted during flight operations. The PIC must be designated before 

the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the duration of the flight. The 

PIC must ensure that the SO can perform the functions prescribed in the operating 

documents. 

8. The SO must not perform any other duties beyond assisting the PIC with seeing and 

avoiding other air traffic and other ground based obstacles/obstructions and is not 

permitted to operate the camera or other instruments. 

9. The operating documents and the grant of exemption must be accessible during 

UAS operations and made available to the Administrator upon request. If a 

discrepancy exists between the conditions and limitations contained in the grant of 

exemption and the procedures outlined in the operating documents, the conditions and 

limitations contained in the grant of exemption take precedence and must be followed. 
17

Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operating

documents. The operator may update or revise its operating documents. It is the 

operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised 

documents to the Administrator upon request. The operator must also present updated 

and revised documents if it petitions for extension or amendment to the grant of 

exemption. If the operator determines that any update or revision would affect the 

basis upon which the FAA granted the exemption, then the operator must petition for 

amendment to its grant of exemption. The FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) 

may be contacted if questions arise regarding updates or revisions to the operating 

documents. 

10. Prior to each flight the PIC must inspect the UAS to ensure that it is in a condition 

for safe flight. If the inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of 

the UAS, the aircraft is prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has 

been performed and the UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight. The Ground 

Control Station must be included in the preflight inspection. All maintenance and 

alterations must be properly documented in the aircraft records.

11. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS 

operation or flight characteristics, e.g. replacement of a flight critical component, 

must undergo a functional test flight. The PIC who conducts the functional test flight 

must make an entry in the aircraft records. 

12. The pre-flight inspection must account for all potential discrepancies, e.g. 

inoperable components, items, or equipment, not already covered in the relevant 

sections of the operating documents. 

13. The operator must follow the UAS manufacturer’s aircraft/component, 

maintenance, overhaul, replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements. 

14. The operator must carry out its maintenance, inspections, and record keeping 

requirements, in accordance with the operating documents. Maintenance, inspection, 

alterations, and status of replacement/overhaul component parts must be noted in the 

aircraft records, including total time in service, description of work accomplished, 

and the signature of the authorized person returning the UAS to service. 

15. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer 

Safety Bulletins. 

16. The authorized person must make an entry in the aircraft record of the corrective 

action taken against discrepancies discovered between inspections. 

17. The PIC must possess at least a private pilot certificate and at least a current thirdclass medical certificate.

18. The operator may not permit any PIC to operate unless the PIC meets the 

operator’s qualification criteria and demonstrates the ability to safely operate the 
18

UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated under the exemption, 

including evasive and emergency maneuvers and maintaining appropriate distances 

from persons, vessels, vehicles and structures. PIC qualification flight hours must be 

logged in a manner consistent with 14 C.F.R. § 61.51(b). Flights for the purposes of 

training the operator’s PICs are permitted under the terms of the exemption. 

However, training operations may only be conducted during dedicated training 

sessions. During training, proficiency, and experience-building flights, all persons not 

essential for flight operations are considered nonparticipants, and the PIC must 

operate the UA with appropriate distance from nonparticipants in accordance with 14 

C.F.R. § 91.119. 

19. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 C.F.R. § 1.1. 

All operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). If 

flight at night is required, a special request will be made at the FAA office closest to 

proposed area of operations. Flights under special visual flight rules (SVFR) are not 

authorized. 

20. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of an airport reference point as 

denoted on a current FAA-published aeronautical chart unless a letter of agreement 

with that airport’s management is obtained, and the operation is conducted in 

accordance with a NOTAM as required by the operator’s COA. The letter of 

agreement with the airport management must be made available to the Administrator 

upon request. 

21. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet 

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC. 

22. If the UA loses communications or loses its GPS signal, it must return to a predetermined location within the planned operating area and land or be recovered in 

accordance with the operating documents. 

23. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies 

in accordance with the operating documents. 

24. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a flight unless (considering wind and 

forecast weather conditions) there is enough power to fly at normal cruising speed to 

the intended landing point and land the UA with 25% battery power remaining. 

25. The operator must obtain an Air Traffic Organization (ATO) issued Certificate of 

Waiver or Authorization (COA) prior to conducting any operations under the grant of 

exemption. This COA will also require the operator to request a Notice to Airman 

(NOTAM) not more than 72 hours in advance, but not less than 48 hours prior to the 

operation. All operations shall be conducted in accordance with airspace requirements 

in the ATO issued COA including class of airspace, altitude level and potential 

transponder requirements. 
19

26. All aircraft operated in accordance with the exemption must be identified by serial 

number, registered in accordance with 14 C.F.R. part 47, and have identification (NNumber) markings in accordance with 14 C.F.R. part 45, Subpart C. Markings must 

be as large as practicable. 

27. Before conducting operations, the radio frequency spectrum used for operation 

and control of the UA must comply with the Federal Communications Commission 

(FCC) or other appropriate government oversight agency requirements. 

28. The documents required fewer than 14 C.F.R. 91.9 and 91.203 must be available 

to the PIC at the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the UAS is operating. 

These documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law 

enforcement official upon request. 

29. The UA must remain clear and yield the right of way to all manned aviation 

operations and activities at all times. 

30. Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating 

persons (persons other than the PIC, SO, operator trainees or essential persons), 

vessels, vehicles, and structures unless: 

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating 

persons from the UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator 

must ensure that nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a 

situation arises where nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are 

within 500 feet of the UA, flight operations must cease immediately and/or; 

b. The aircraft is operated near vessels, vehicles or structures where the 

owner/controller of such vessels, vehicles or structures has granted permission 

and the PIC has made a safety assessment of the risk of operating closer to 

those objects and determined that it does not present an undue hazard, and; 

c. Operations nearer to the PIC, SO, operator trainees or essential persons do 

not present an undue hazard to those persons per § 91.119(a). 

31. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with 

permission from the land owner/controller or authorized representative. Permission 

from land owner/controller or authorized representative will be obtained for each 

flight to be conducted.

32. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical 

boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported 

to the FAA's UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be 

reported to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions 

contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov. 
20

2. Reasons Why an Exemption from The Requirements of Section 61.113(a) And (b) Would 

Not Adversely Affect Safety.

Makani Kai Helicopters submits that the equivalent level of safety established by Section 

61.113(a) and (b) will be maintained because no PIC will be allowed to operate the DJI Inspire 1

UAS unless that PIC has demonstrated, by meeting minimum flight-hour and currency 

requirements, that the PIC is able to safely operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS in a manner consistent 

with the exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and maintaining appropriate 

distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

Considering Makani Kai Helicopters’ proposed area of operations, and the operating limitations 

set forth-above; the parallel nature of private pilot aeronautical knowledge requirements to those 

of commercial pilot requirements (See Exemption No. 11062); and the airmanship skills 

necessary to safely operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, Makani Kai Helicopters submits that the 

additional manned airmanship experience of a commercially certificated pilot would not 

correlate to the airmanship skills necessary for Makani Kai Helicopters’ specific proposed flight 

operations. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 61.113(a) and (b) specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 

11153, 11156, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161). 

Makani Kai Helicopters will not allow any PIC to operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS unless that PIC 

has demonstrated, by meeting minimum flight-hour requirements or the DJI Inspire 1 UAS 

training and currency requirements, that the PIC is able to safely operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS 

in a manner consistent with this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

Specifically, the PIC must have accumulated and logged, in a manner consistent with 14 C.F.R. § 

61.51(b), 25 hours of total time as a UAS rotorcraft pilot (with a minimum of 5 hours of those 

hours as a UAS pilot operating the same make and model of UAS to be used for operations under 

the exemption). In addition to the hour requirements, the PIC must accomplish 3 takeoffs and 

landings in the preceding 90 days (for currency purposes). 

As in Exemption Nos. 11062, 11138, and 11153, prior documented flight experience that was 

obtained in compliance with applicable regulations will ensure an equivalent level of safety 

during Makani Kai Helicopters’ proposed operations. The Administrator has held that prior 

documented flight experience that was obtained in compliance with applicable regulations would 

ensure safe operations, stating as follows: 

In Exemption No. 11062, the FAA required that prior to conducting operations for the 

purpose of motion picture filming (or similar operations), the PIC must have accumulated

and logged, in a manner consistent with 14 CFR 61.51(b), 25 hours of total time as a 

UAS rotorcraft pilot including at least 10 hours logged as a UAS pilot with a multi-rotor 

UAS. Prior to operations under Exemption No. 11062, the PIC must also have 
21

accumulated and logged a minimum of 5 hours as a UAS pilot operating the same make 

and model of UAS to be used for operations under the exemption. For clarification, the 

FAA considers these minimum hour requirements to be inclusive rather than additive; i.e. 

5 hours make and model time may be included in the 10 hours of multi-rotor time and the 

10 hours may be included in the total 25 hours of UAS rotorcraft time. In addition to the 

hour requirements, the PIC must accomplish 3 takeoffs and landings in the preceding 90 

days (for currency purposes). The FAA finds that at a minimum, the flight-hour 

requirements in Exemption No. 11062 are appropriate to practice and build proficiency in 

the skills necessary to safely conduct the petitioner’s proposed operations. The FAA also 

finds that prior documented flight experience that was obtained in compliance with 

applicable regulations would satisfy this requirement. Training, proficiency, and 

experience-building flights can also be conducted under the grant of exemption to 

accomplish the required flight time. During training, proficiency, and experience-building 

flights the PIC is required to operate the UA with appropriate distances in accordance 

with 14 C.F.R 91.119. 

Exemption No. 11138 at page 15. 

Accordingly, Makani Kai Helicopters will ensure safe operations by not allowing any PIC to 

operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS unless that PIC has demonstrated, by meeting minimum flighthour and currency requirements, that the PIC is able to safely operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS in a 

manner consistent with the exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from people, vessels, vehicles and structures. 

3. Reasons Why an Exemption from The Requirements of Section 91.7(a) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety. 

The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.7(a) will be maintained because prior to 

every flight, Makani Kai Helicopters will ensure that the DJI Inspire 1 UAS is in an airworthy 

condition based upon the UAS’s compliance with its operating documents and as stated in the 

conditions and limitations herein. 

Additionally, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.7(a) specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 

11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161). 

4. Reasons Why an Exemption from The Requirements of Section 91.121 Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety.

The equivalent level of safety established by Section 91.121 will be maintained because the 

altitude information of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will be provided to the PIC via GPS equipment 
22

and a radio communications telemetry data link, which downlinks from the UA to the GCS for 

active monitoring of the flight path and altitude. This altitude information, combined with 

Makani Kai Helicopters’ operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS within visual line of sight, at or 

below 500 feet AGL, will ensure a level of safety equivalent to Section 91.121. The altitude 

information will be generated by GPS equipment installed onboard the aircraft. Prior to each 

flight, a zero altitude initiation point is automatically established by the UAS at ground level. 

The FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.121 specific to UAS, in circumstances 

similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 

11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 

11158, 11159, 11160, 11161). 

5. Reasons Why an Exemption from The Requirements of Section 91.151(b) Would Not 

Adversely Affect Safety.

A grant of this exemption would ensure an equivalent level of safety established by 14 C.F.R. 

Section 91.151(b) as a result of (1) the technical specifications of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS; (2) the 

limitations on the proposed flight operations; and (3) the location of the proposed flight 

operations. Accordingly, Makani Kai Helicopters will ensure that it will safely operate the 

battery powered DJI Inspire 1 UAS during daylight hours in VFR conditions, with enough 

battery power to fly for a total duration of 22 minutes. 

Here, as in Exemption No. 11109, the technical specifications of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS; the 

limitations on the proposed flight operations; and the location of the proposed operations, will 

ensure an equivalent level of safety established by 14 C.F.R. Section 91.151(b). Furthermore, 

safety will be ensured as the DJI Inspire 1 UAS provide audible and visual warnings to the PIC 

at the GCS when the UAS experiences low battery voltage, the first warning occurring at 

approximately 33% remaining battery power, and again at approximately 10% remaining battery 

power. At the critically low battery level, the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will descend and land 

automatically. 

Significantly, previous exemptions granted by the FAA concerning Section 91.151 establish that 

safety is not adversely affected when the technical characteristics and operating limitations of the 

UAS are considered. Relief has been granted for manned aircraft to operate at less than the 

minimums prescribed in Section 91.151, including Exemption Nos. 2689, 5745, and 10650. 

Moreover, the FAA has previously granted relief from Section 91.151 specific to UAS, in 

circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 

8811, 10808, 10673, 11042, 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 11109, 11110, 

11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 11161). 

6. Reasons Why An Exemption From The Requirements of Sections

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), And 91.417(a) & (b) Would Not Adversely 

Affect Safety. 
23

In seeking this exemption, Makani Kai Helicopters submits that the equivalent level of safety 

with regard to the regulatory maintenance and alteration requirements established by Sections 

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) will be met because Makani 

Kai Helicopters will use trained technicians to perform maintenance, alterations, or preventive 

maintenance on the UAS using the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed in the 

operating documents (i.e., Makani Kai Helicopters Aerial Operations Manual, Monthly 

Maintenance Log, and DJI Inspire 1 Instruction Manual). Furthermore, Makani Kai Helicopters

will document and maintain all maintenance records for the DJI Inspire 1 UAS. 

Since the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will be inspected as prescribed by the operating documents, Makani 

Kai Helicopters will maintain the equivalent level of safety established by Sections 91.405(a), 

91.409(a)(1), and 91.409(a)(2). A copy of the DJI Inspire 1 User Manuals are attached hereto as 

Appendix A and B; a copy of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS Maintenance LOG is attached hereto as 

Appendix C. 

Likewise, the exemption sought will not adversely affect safety because Makani Kai Helicopters

will use trained technicians to perform maintenance, alterations or preventive maintenance on the 

UAS using the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed by the operating documents. 

Furthermore, the exemption sought would maintain an equivalent level of safety established by 

Sections 91.407, 91.417(a) and 91.417(b), because all maintenance of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS will 

be performed by trained technicians. Maintenance will be documented and maintained utilizing 

the monthly maintenance log. 

Significantly, previous exemptions granted by the FAA concerning Sections 91.405(a), 

91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b) establish that safety is not adversely 

affected when the technical characteristics and operating limitations of the UAS are considered. 

In consideration of Makani Kai Helicopters’ proposed operating limitations, the operating 

documents, and the technical aspects of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, Makani Kai Helicopters submits 

that safety will not be adversely affected by granting exemption from 14 C.F.R. Sections 

91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1) and (a)(2), 91.409(a)(2), and 91.417(a) and (b). The FAA has previously 

granted relief specific to UAS in circumstances similar, in all material respects, to those 

presented herein (e.g. Exemption Nos. 11062, 11063, 11064, 11065, 11066, 11067, 11080, 

11109, 11110, 11112, 11136, 11138, 11150, 11153, 11156, 11157, 11158, 11159, 11160, 

11161). 

7. The FAA May Prescribe Any Other Conditions for Safe Operation. 

In accordance with Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA) 

and 14 C.F.R. § 21.16 entitled Special Conditions, Makani Kai Helicopters requests that the 

FAA prescribe special conditions for the intended operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, which 

contain such safety standards that the Administrator finds necessary to establish a level of safety 

equivalent to that established by 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H, and 14 C.F.R §§ 61.113(a) & (b), 

91.7 (a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b). 

Such special conditions will permit safe operation of the UAS for the limited purpose of 
24

conducting aerial video and photography over certain areas of Hawaii for compensation or hire. 

FMRA Section 333 sets forth the requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a 

hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security; and 

further, provides the authority for such UAS to operate without airworthiness certification in 

accordance with any requirements that must be established for the safe operation of the UAS in 

the NAS. 

Likewise, the Administrator may prescribe special conditions pursuant to 14 C.F.R.

§ 21.16, for operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS, since the airworthiness regulations of 14 C.F.R. 

Part 21 do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards, due to the novel or unusual 

design features of the aircraft. Section 21.16, entitled Special Conditions, states the following: 

If the FAA finds that the airworthiness regulations of this subchapter do not contain 

adequate or appropriate safety standards for an aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller 

because of a novel or unusual design feature of the aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller, 

he prescribes special conditions and amendments thereto for the product. The special 

conditions are issued in accordance with Part 11 of this chapter and contain such safety 

standards for the aircraft, aircraft engine or propeller as the FAA finds necessary to 

establish a level of safety equivalent to that established in the regulations. 

See 14 C.F.R. § 21.16.

Therefore, in accordance with FMRA Section 333 and 14 C.F.R. § 21.16, the FAA may

prescribe special conditions for Makani Kai Helicopters’ intended operation of the DJI Inspire 1

UAS, which contain such safety standards that the Administrator finds necessary to establish a 

level of safety equivalent to that established by 14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H, and 14 C.F.R 

Sections 61.113(a) & (b), 91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & 

(a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b).

• A Summary That Can Be Published in The Federal Register, stating: The 

Rules from Which Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks Exemption: 

Makani Kai Helicopters seeks exemption from the requirements of 14 C.F.R Sections 

61.113(a)&(b), 91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) & 

(a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b). 

A Brief Description of The Nature of The Exemption Makani Kai Helicopters Seeks: 

This exemption will permit Makani Kai Helicopters to commercially operate an 

Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for the purpose of conducting aerial video and 

photography over certain areas of the United States.

• Any Additional Information, Views, or Arguments Available to Support 

Makani Kai Helicopters’ Request. 
25

This Petition is made pursuant to the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 

(FMRA) Section 333, which directs the Secretary of Transportation to determine if certain UAS 

may operate safely in the NAS. As such, Makani Kai Helicopters’ request for exemption may be 

granted pursuant to the authority of FMRA Section 333 and 14 C.F.R. Part 11, as set forth above. 

FMRA Section 333 sets forth the requirements for considering whether a UAS will create a 

hazard to users of the NAS or the public, or otherwise pose a threat to national security; and 

further, provides the authority for such UAS to operate without airworthiness certification. 

As discussed in detail above, Makani Kai Helicopters will operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS safely 

in the NAS, without creating a hazard to users of the NAS, or the public, or otherwise pose a 

threat to national security. 

CONCLUSION

As set forth herein, Makani Kai Helicopters seeks an exemption pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.61 

and Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (FMRA), which will permit 

safe operation of the DJI Inspire 1 UAS commercially, without an airworthiness certificate, for 

the limited purpose of conducting aerial video and photography over certain areas of the United 

States. By granting this Petition, the FAA Administrator will be fulfilling the Congressional 

mandate of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, while also advancing the interests 

of the public, by allowing Makani Kai Helicopters to safely, efficiently, and economically 

operate the DJI Inspire 1 UAS commercially within the NAS. 

WHEREFORE, in accordance with the Federal Aviation Regulations and the FAA 

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, Section 333, Makani Kai Helicopters respectfully 

requests that the Administrator grant this Petition for an exemption from the requirements of 14 

C.F.R Sections 61.113(a) & (b), 91.7(a), 91.121, 91.151(b), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 

91.409(a)(1) & (a)(2), and 91.417(a) & (b), and permit Makani Kai Helicopters to operate the 

DJI Inspire 1 UAS commercially for the purpose of conducting aerial video and photography 

over certain areas of the United States.

Dated: December 14, 2015

Respectfully submitted,

Richard Schuman

President 

Schuman Aviation Company dba Makani Kai Helicopters

130 Iolana Place

Honolulu, Hawaii 96819

(808) 834-5813 Fax (8080 837-7867

Richard@MakaniKai.com
26

Appendices:

A – Link to DJI Inspire 1 Manual: Click on link below

https://dl.djicdn.com/downloads/inspire_1/en/Inspire%20_1_User_Manual__V1.8.pdf