# BART Modeling Protocol
Public Service Company of New Mexico
San Juan Generating Station

Prepared For:
Public Service Company of New Mexico 2401 Aztec NE MS Z110 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87107

Prepared By:
Black & Veatch Corporation 11401 Lamar Avenue Overland Park, Kansas 66211

April 2007 Project No. 146646

### 1-1 4/13/2007 Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................... .............1-1 1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................. .........1-1 2.0 Source Description......................................................................................................... ........2-1 2.1 Location of Sources vs. Re levant Class I Areas ................................................................2-1 2.2 Emission Data for Modeling..............................................................................................2-3 2.2.1 Baseline Modeling .....................................................................................................2-3 2.2.2 Post Control Modeling...............................................................................................2-6 2.3 Model Versions............................................................................................................. .....2-6 3.0 Geophysical and Meteorological Data................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Modeling Domain ............................................................................................................ ..3-1 3.2 Mesoscale Model Data....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Surface Data Station and Processing .................................................................................3-2 3.4 Precipitation Data Stat ions and Processing........................................................................ 3-3 3.5 Geophysical Data Processing (Terrain and Land Use)...................................................... 3-4 3.6 CALMET Variables........................................................................................................... 3-6 4.0 Air Quality Mode ling Methodology ......................................................................................4-1 4.1 CALPUFF Domain and Variables..................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Receptors.................................................................................................................. ..........4-2 4.3 Downwash................................................................................................................... .......4-3 4.4 Ozone Concentrations....................................................................................................... . 4-3 4.5 POSTUTIL and CALPOST ............................................................................................... 4-3 4.5.1 Light Extinction ......................................................................................................... 4-4 4.5.2 Natural Background...................................................................................................4-4 4.5.3 Ammonia Concentrations .......................................................................................... 4-4 5.0 Results.................................................................................................................... ................5-1 6.0 Review Process ............................................................................................................. .........6-1

Tables Table 2-1 Class I Areas........................................................................................................ ..............2-1 Table 2-2 CALPUFF Modeling Parameters Baseline Scenario ........................................................2-4 Table 2-3 Model Versions ....................................................................................................... ..........2-7 Table 4-1 Monthly Relative Humidity Factors..................................................................................4- 5 Table 4-2 Average Annual Na tural Background Levels....................................................................4-5

Figures Figure 2-1 PNM Facility with respect to the Class I areas ................................................................2-2 Figure 2-2 Speciation of PM 10 

### Emissions..........................................................................................2-5 Figure 3-1 Geophysical and Meteor ological Modeling Domain .......................................................3-2 Figure 3-2 Surface Stations.................................................................................................... ............3-3 Figure 3-3 Precipitation Stations .............................................................................................. .........3-4 Figure 3-4 Terrain Elevation Plot .............................................................................................. ........3-5 Figure 3-5 Land Use Plot....................................................................................................... ............3-6 Figure 4-1 CALPUFF Com putational Domain..................................................................................4-2

### 1-2 4/13/2007 Appendices

Appendix A - Surface and Precipitation Stations Appendix B - CALMET Control File Inputs Appendix C - CALPUFF Control File Inputs Appendix D - National Park Service Receptors Appendix E - POSTUTIL Control File Inputs Appendix F - CALPOST Control File Inputs

### 1-1 4/13/2007 

# 1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives

Under regional haze regulations, the Environmen tal Protection Agency (EPA) has issued final guidelines dated July 6, 2005 for Be st Available Retrofit Technology (B ART) determinations (70 FR 39104-39172). Sources are BART-eligible if they meet three criteri a including poten tial emissions of at least 250 tons per year of a visibility-impairing pollutant, we re put in place between August 7, 1962 and August 7, 1977, and fall within one of the 26 listed source categories in the guidance. A BART engineering evaluation using five statutory factors --1) existi ng controls; 2) cost; 3) energy and non-air environmental impacts; 4) remaining usef ul life of the source; 5) degree of visibility improvement expected from the application of cont rols --is required for a ny BART-eligible source that can be reasonably expected to cause or contribute to impairment of visibility in any of the 156 federal parks and wilderness (Class I) areas protect ed under the regional haze rule. Air quality modeling is an important tool av ailable to the States to dete rmine whether a source can be reasonably expected to contri bute to visibility impair ment in a Class I area.

The object of this source-specific protocol (hereinafter referred to as the PNM Protocol) is to describe the methodologies and pr ocedures for visibility modeli ng to support BART engineering analysis for Public Service Company of New Mexi co’s (PNM) San Juan Generating Station (SJGS) Units 1, 2, 3, and 4. These units were identified as subject-to-BART by the State of New Mexico’s Environmental Department’s Air Quality Bureau (NMED) based on BART screening exemption modeling conducted by the Western Regional Air Pa rtnership’s (WRAP) Re gional Modeling Center (RMC). The methodologies and databases referenced in this PNM Protocol are consistent with the CALMET/CALPUFF Protocol for BART Exemption Sc reening Analysis for Class I Areas in the Western United States dated August 15, 2006, (her einafter referred to as the WRAP Protocol). Furthermore, the geographic and meteorological da ta used in the WRAP RMC BART applicably modeling is available for use on their organization website. Therefore, for consistency these data will be used to formulate the bases for the PNM BART analysis for the SJGS. After NMED reviews and approves this PNM Protocol, it will provide th e basis of mutually agreed upon procedures establishing the BART modeling methodology.

### 2-1 4/13/2007 

# 2.0 Source Description

The SJGS facility is lo cated in Farmington, New Mexico with in San Juan County. It has four existing pulverized coal units that are BA RT applicable, Units 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Units 1 and 2 are single walled fi red Foster-Wheeler boilers and are rated at 360-MW and 350-MW gross, respectively. Each unit is equipped with primary and secondary pr eheaters, electrostatic precipitators (ESP), and a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system . Unit 1 is also equipped with a low NO x 

### burners

Units 3 and 4 are opposed wall fire d Babcock & Wilcox boilers and each is rated at 544-MW gross. Each unit is equipped with low NO x 

### burners, primary and secondary preheaters, ESP, and a WFGD system.



## 2.1 Location of Sources vs. Relevant Class I Areas

There are many Class I areas within and surrounding New Mexico. On the basis of distance from BART applicable sources, topography, and me teorology the prior modeling conducted by WRAP RMC has determined that 16 Class I areas need to be addressed in Step 5 of the BART analyses. Applicable Class I areas included in the BART process are located with in 300 km of the SJGS facility. The 16 Class I areas are identified in Tabl e 2-1. The Class I areas ar e illustrated in Figure 2-1.

Table 2-1 Class I Areas 1. Mesa Verde National Park 2. Weminuche Wilderness 3. San Pedro Parks Wilderness 4. La Garita Wilderness 5. Canyonlands National Park 6. Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park 7. Bandelier National Monument 8. Petrified Forest National Park 9. West Elk Wilderness 10. Arches National Park 11. Capitol Reef National Park 12. Pecos Wilderness 13. Wheeler Peak Wilderness 14. Great Sand Dunes National Park 15. Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness 16. Grand Canyon National Park

### 2-2 4/13/2007 -1500 -1400 -1300 -1200 -1100 -1000 -900 -800 -700 -600 X LCC (km) -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0Y LCC (km)

Petrified Forest Grand Canyon Capitol

Reef Canyonlands Arches
Black Canyon of the Gunnison West Elk Maroon Bells Snowmass

Mesa Verde Weminuche La Garita

Great Sand Dunes

San Pedro Parks

Bandelier Pecos Wheeler

Peak PNM SJGS



### Figure 2-1 PNM Facility with respect to the Class I areas

### 2-3 4/13/2007 

## 2.2 Emission Data for Modeling

CALPUFF model input requires source (stack) – speci fic emission rates for each pollutant, and stack parameters (height, diameter, exit gas temperature, and exit gas velocity). Per EPA BART guidance, these parameters must be representative of maximum actual 24-hour average emitting conditions for baseline (existing) operation, and maximum proposed 24-hour average emissions for future (BART) operations. However, SJGS is operating under a consent decree filed May 10, 2005 which requires the facility to install NO x 

### and particulate air quality contro l equipment prior by 2010. Therefore, baseline operation for SJGS, and this analysis, wi ll reflect post consent de cree operation for Units 1- 4. The stack parameters and emission rates used for baseline modeling are pr esented in Table 2-2. 

## 2.2.1 Baseline Modeling

The SO 2 

### , NO x 

### , and PM 10 

### emissions that are to be included in the analyses, and representative of baseline operation of the units, shall be the maxi mum 24-hour emission rate of normal post-consent decree operations (excluding peri ods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction). As such, Black & Veatch will determine these emissions from data provided by PNM and through engineering calculations for each unit.

The PM 10 

### emissions will be speciated into appropriate filterable and condensable particulate matter categories: elemental carbon (soot), “soil” (fine PM <= 2.5 μm diameter), coarse particulate matter (2.5-10 μm diameter), inorganics, and organi cs for modeling purposes. The aforementioned speciated categories are illustrated in Figure 2-2. The appropriate source-specific particulate matter speciation spreadsheets provided by the National Park Service (NPS) and available on their web site (http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/Permits/ect/index.cfm) will be used to calculate the PM 10 

### speciation emissions. For all four (4) Units, the NPS spr eadsheet that represents a dry bottom PC boiler controlled by an fabric filter (FF) and FGD will be used. The PM 10 

### emissions and speciation methodology to be used for the BART modeling is described below.

• Total heat input per year, per unit will be obtained from PNM from recent agency submittals and represent current and fu ture operation. Filterable PM 10 

### emissions in tons per year will be calculated based on post consent decree oper ations. Together, these two pieces of information (total annual filterable PM 10 

### emissions and total annual heat input on a per unit, per year basis) will be used to derive emission factors for PM 10 

### in lb/mmBtu.

• Filterable PM 10 

### emissions derived above will be subdivided by size category using the appropriate NPS speciation spreadsheets. This is illustrated in Figure 2-2 as Elemental Carbon (EC) 0-0.625 μ m diameter, Fine PM <= 2.5 μ m diameter, and Course PM 2.5-10 μ m diameter.2-4 4/13/2007Table 2-2CALPUFF Modeling ParametersBaseline ScenarioStackLocation1Primary Particle Speciation2UnitLCCEast(km)LCCNorth(km)StackHeight(m)BaseElevation(m)StackDiameter(m)StackExitVelocity(m/s)StackExitTemperature(K)NOxEmissions(lb/hr)SO2Emissions(lb/hr)PM10Emissions(lb/hr)EC(g/s)FinePM(g/s)CoarsePM(g/s)H2SO43(g/s)SOA(g/s)SJGS 1 -1010.859 -290.127 121.92 1615.44 6.096SJGS 2 -1010.859 -290.127 121.92 1615.44 6.096SJGS 3 -1010.859 -290.127 121.92 1615.44 8.534SJGS 4 -1010.859 -290.127 121.92 1615.44 8.5341Stack Coordinates as included in the CALPUFF modeling2Primary particulate speciated into the following categories using the NPS Speciation Spreadsheet: Elemental Carbon (EC), Fine PM, Coarse PM,Condensable Inorganic PM (SO4), and Condensable Organic PM (SOA).3H2SO4emissions calculated using NPS Speciation SpreadsheetNote: Missing modeling parameters will be provided with the final BART engineering report.

### 2-5 4/13/2007 Figure 2-2 Speciation of PM 10 

### Emissions

### 2-6 4/13/2007 • All particulate modeling will be performed us ing 1 gram per second nominal emission rates in CALPUFF for the specific size ranges presente d in the NPS speciati on spreadsheets (i.e., PM 8.0 

### , PM 4.25 

### , PM 1.88 

### , PM 1.25 

### , PM 0.813 

### , and PM 0.625 

### ). These modeled species will be grouped in POSTUTIL as to represen t the appropriate visibility pollutants (e.g., PMcourse = PM 8.0 

### + PM 4.25 

### and PMfine = PM 1.88 

### + PM 1.25 

### + PM 0.813 

### + PM 0.625 

### ) and will be scaled with the emission rates derived from the NPS spreadshee ts. EC and SOA will be derived from the PM 1.88 

### species and scaled with the emission ra tes derived from the NPS spreadsheets.

2.2.1.1 H 2 

### SO 4 

### (SO 4 

### ) Emissions Condensable PM 10 

### will be subdivided into inorgani c and organic compounds using the NPS speciation spreadsheets. The inorganic portion is by default assumed to be H 2 

### SO 4 

### and will me modeled as SO 4 

### . The organic portion will be modeled as secondary organic aerosols (SOA).



## 2.2.2 Post Control Modeling

As required by EPA guidance, each technically f easible BART control technology must be assessed to determine the degree of visibility improveme nt. These relative improvements from various technologies and/or control levels can then be factored into the BA RT decision. At this time, the evaluation of technically feasible controls (Step 4 of the BART process) has not been completed and it is unknown how many feas ible control tec hnologies options are availa ble for consideration. However once determined, each technically feasible control for each pollutant will be modeled on a unit by unit basis.

For the purpose of this PNM Protocol NO x 

### and PM 10 

### are the only pollutants subject to BART analyses. Due New Mexico particip ating in a trading program for SO 2 

### , a SO 2 

### BART analysis is not required and will not be modeled as a separate f easible control technology option. However, SO 2 

### emissions will be included as a modeled pollutant as part of both the baseline and post control modeling scenarios. PM 10 

### emissions will be speciate d as described in the base line modeling section. The stack parameters and emission rates used for the post control modeling for each unit, pollutant, and technology will be determined and presen ted in the final report submitted to NMED.



## 2.3 Model Versions

The versions of the CALPUFF modeling system suggested in the WRAP Protocol and used by WRAP RMC for the initial modeling will be used for these modeling analyses and are listed in Table 2-3.

### 2-7 4/13/2007 Table 2-3 Model Versions
WRAP Protocol PNM Analyses Program Version Level Version Level CALMET 6.211 060414 6.211 060414 CALPUFF 6.112 060412 6.112 060412 POSTUTIL N/A N/A 1.52 060412 CALPOST 6.131 060410 6.131 060410

### 3-1 4/13/2007 

# 3.0 Geophysical and Meteorological Data

As previously noted, all the geophysical and meteor ological data necessary to conduct the Class I visibility modeling is provide d by WRAP RMC on their website http://pah.cert.ucr.edu/aqm/308/bart.shtml . All files will be downloaded from their website for use in the aforementioned analyses.



## 3.1 Modeling Domain

The modeling domain will be the same domain estab lished in the GEO.DAT file describe in Section 3.5. The origin coordinates of the domain is Latitude 40.0 N, Longitude 97.0 W and will be assigned as the 0, 0 reference point of the domain. The southwest corner of the modeling domain is latitude 30.9 N, Longitude 111.3 W, which transl ates to -1368.0 km (X) and -900.0 (Y) in LCC coordinates. The domain will m easure 864 km in the east-west (X) and north -south (Y) direction. At a refined grid spacing of 4-km, the number of X grid cells and the number of the Y grid cells will be 216. The modeling domain is shown in Figure 3-1.



## 3.2 Mesoscale Model Data

Pennsylvania State University in conjunction with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Assessment Laboratory have developed mesoscale meteorolog ical data sets of prognostic wind fields, or “guess” fields, for the United Stat es. The hourly meteorological variables used to create these data sets are extensive and are used to initialize the modeling domain with meteorological data. The daily MM5 meteorological data fi les provided on the WRAP RMC website for the years 2001, 2002, and 2003 will be utilized as input into CALMET.

The MM5 data sets, used to simulate atmospheric variables within the modeling domain in CALMET, although advanced, lack the fine detail of specific temporal and spatial meteorological variables and geophysical da ta. These variab les were processed into th e appropriate format and introduced into the CALMET model through the utili zation of additional data files obtained from numerous sources. These ancillary data files are described in more detail in the following sections.

### 3-2 4/13/2007 -1300 -1200 -1100 -1000 -900 -800 -700 -600 X LCC (km) -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100Y LCC (km)

Petrified Forest Grand Canyon Capitol

Reef Canyonlands Arches Black Canyon of the Gunnison West Elk

Maroon Bells Snowmass

Mesa Verde Weminuche La Garita

Great Sand Dunes

San Pedro Parks

Bandelier Pecos Wheeler

Peak PNM SJGS



### Figure 3-1 Geophysical and Meteorological Modeling Domain



## 3.3 Surface Data Station and Processing

The surface station data for the CA LPUFF analysis consisted of data from National Weather Service (NWS) stations or Federal Aviation Administrati on (FAA) Flight Service stations within the CALMET domain. Figure 3-2 provides an illustration of the location of the surface stations used. The surface station parameters include wind sp eed, wind direction, cloud ceiling height, opaque cloud cover, dry bulb temperature, re lative humidity, station pressure, an d a precipitation code that is based on current weather conditions.

### 3-3 4/13/2007 The CALMET ready surface station da ta will be downloaded from the WRAP RMC website for use in the modeling analyses. A listing of the surf ace stations is provided in Appendix A.

-1500 -1400 -1300 -1200 -1100 -1000 -900 -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 X LCC (km) -1000

-900 -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100Y LCC (km) PNM SJGS

2001 Surface Stations

2002 Surface Stations

2003 Surface Stations



### Figure 3-2 Surface Stations



## 3.4 Precipitation Data Stations and Processing

Precipitation data was processed from a network of hourly precipitation da ta files collected from NWS precipitation recording stations within the CALMET domain. Figure 3-3 provides an illustration of the location of the precipitation stations used.

### 3-4 4/13/2007 The CALMET ready precipitation data will be down loaded from the WRAP RMC website for use in the modeling analyses. A listing of the precipit ation stations is provi ded in Appendix A.

-1500 -1400 -1300 -1200 -1100 -1000 -900 -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 X LCC (km) -1000

-900 -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100Y LCC (km) PNM SJGS

2001 Precipitation Stations 2002 Precipitation Stations

2003 Precipitation Stations



### Figure 3-3 Precipitation Stations



## 3.5 Geophysical Data Processing (Terrain and Land Use)

Terrain and land use data was pre-processed by the WRAP RMC to create a CALMET ready GEO.DAT file. This GEO.DAT file will be do wnloaded from the WRAP RMC website for use in the analyses. Figure 3-4 depicts the terrain elevat ions in the domain while Figure 3-5 shows the land use of the domain.

### 3-5 4/13/2007 -1300 -1200 -1100 -1000 -900 -800 -700 -600 X LCC (km) -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100Y LCC (km)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000

PNM SJGS



### Figure 3-4 Terrain Elevation Plot

### 3-6 4/13/2007 -1300 -1200 -1100 -1000 -900 -800 -700 -600 X LCC (km) -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100Y LCC (km)

10 to 17 Urban 20 to 24 Agricultural 30 to 33 Rangeland 40 to 43 Forest Land 50 to 55 Water 60 to 62 Wetland 71 to 77 Barren Land Land Use Categories:

PNM SJGS



### Figure 3-5 Land Use Plot



## 3.6 CALMET Variables

The selection of the specific va riables and control options used in CALMET data processing is provided in Appendix B. These se lections follow the guidance provi ded in the WRAP Protocol and the CALMET file obtained from WRAP RMC.

### 4-1 4/13/2007 

# 4.0 Air Quality Modeling Methodology

The CALPUFF modeling system is recommended as the preferred modeling approach for use in BART analyses. CALPUFF and its meteorological model, CALM ET, are designed to handle the complexities posed by complex terrain, large source- receptor distances, chemical transformation and deposition, and other issues related to Class I vi sibility impacts. The CALPUFF modeling system has been adopted by the EPA as a Guideline Model for source-receptor distances greater than 50 km, and for use on a case-by-case basis in complex fl ow situations for shorter distances (68 FR 18440- 18482). CALPUFF is recommended for Class I impact assessments by the Federal Land Managers Workgroup (FLAG 2000) and th e Interagency Workgroup on Ai r Quality Modeling (IWAQM) (EPA 1998). The final BART guidance recommends CALPUFF as “the best modeling application available for predicting a singe source’s contribution to visibi lity impairment” (70 FR 39122). Additionally, the WRAP Protocol recommends the use of CALPUF F for conducting BART analyses in New Mexico.

CALPUFF is a non-steady-state, Lagrangian, puff transport and dispersion model that advects Gaussian puffs of multiple pollutants from mode led sources. CALPUFF’s algorithms have been designed to be applicable on spatial scales from a few tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers from a source. It includes algorithms for near-field effects such as building downwash, stack tip downwash and transitional plume rise as well as processes important in the far-field such as chemical transformation, wet deposition, and dry de position. CALPUFF contains an option to allow puff splitting in the horizontal and vertical directions, which extends the distance range of the model. The primary outputs from CALPUFF are hourly concentrations and hourly deposition fluxes evaluated at user-specified receptor locations.

A set of post processing programs associated with CALPUFF computes visibili ty effects and allows cumulative source impacts to be assessed, including potential non-linear effects of ammonia limitation on nitrate formation. The CALPOST postpro cessor contains several options for computing change in extinction and deciviews for visib ility assessments. The POSTUTIL postprocessor includes options for summing contri butions of individual sources or groups of sour ces to assess cumulative impacts. POSTUTIL also contains CALP UFF’s nitric acid-nitrate chemical equilibrium module, which allows the cumula tive effects of ammonia consump tion by background sources to be assessed in the postprocessor. In addition, the combination of CA LPUFF and POSTUTIL allows the effects of source emissions of ammonia to be incrementally added to background ammonia levels when determining nitrate formation.



## 4.1 CALPUFF Domain and Variables

The WRAP computational domain covered an exte nsive area, specifically, New Mexico, eastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and southern Colora do. To reduce computational requirements of the model, the CALPUFF computational domain will be a subset of the CALMET domain established approximately to encompass the SJGS and the applicable 16 Class I areas. The CALPUFF computational domain is shown if Figure 4-1. Th e selection of the specific variables used in CALPUFF is provided in Appendix C.

### 4-2 4/13/2007 -1300 -1200 -1100 -1000 -900 -800 -700 -600 X LCC (km) -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100Y LCC (km)

Petrified Forest Grand Canyon Capitol

Reef Canyonlands Arches Black Canyon of the Gunnison West Elk

Maroon Bells Snowmass

Mesa Verde Weminuche La Garita

Great Sand Dunes

San Pedro Parks

Bandelier Pecos Wheeler

Peak PNM SJGS

CALPUFF Computational Domain

CALMET Computational Domain



### Figure 4-1 CALPUFF Computational Domain



## 4.2 Receptors

The CALPUFF analyses will use an array of discrete receptors with receptor elevations for the Class I areas, which were created and distributed by the N PS. Specifically, the array consists of receptors spaced to cover the extent of the Class I areas. Receptor elevations are included in the same NPSprovided receptor files. Appendix D provides illustrations of the receptors to be used in the modeling analysis for each Class I area.

### 4-3 4/13/2007 

## 4.3 Downwash

Because the modeling conducted for BART is concer ned with long-range tran sport, not localized impacts, data regarding building heights and widths that are used to calculate building downwash will not be included in the modeling analyses. St ack tip downwash is a phenomenon different from building induced downwash and is additionally a regulat ory default option (i.e., in order to turn stack tip downwash off, the user must also change the vari able to skip regulatory ch ecks of the model). As such, this PNM Protocol proposes that stack tip downwash remain “on” for this analysis as recommended by the WRAP Protocol.



## 4.4 Ozone Concentrations

Background ozone concentrations are importa nt for the photochemical conversion of SO 2 

### and NO x 

### to sulfates (SO 4 

### ) and nitrates (NO 3 

### ), respectively. CALPUFF allows the use of a single background ozone value, monthly background ozone values, or spatial, hourly ozone data from one or more ozone monitoring stations (the preferred method) to represent the background ozone concentrations within the domain.

The hourly ozone concentrations files that were used by WRAP RMC in the initial modeling will be used for the BART technology evaluation. These hour ly ozone data files w ill be obtained directly from the WRAP RMC website. In addition to the hourly ozone da ta, the same monthly average background ozone value of 80 ppb as used in the initial modeling will be used in this modeling for times when hourly ozone data are not available.


## 4.5 POSTUTIL and CALPOST

The two main postprocessors of interest for BA RT applications are the POSTUTIL and CALPOST programs. The POSTUTIL processor is a progra m that has several func tions, including creating cumulative impacts of multiple sources from diffe rent simulations via summation, computing the difference between two sets of predicted impact s (useful for evaluating the benefits of BART controls), and evaluating the equi librium relationship between nitric acid and nitrate aerosols via a chemistry module. The later function allows the potential non-linear effect s of ammonia scavenging by sulfate and nitrate sources to be evaluated in the formation of n itrate from an individual source. As previously mentioned, the POSTUTIL postpro cessor will be used to create the speciated components of PM 10 

### based on the size distribu tion of the NPS speciati on spreadsheet. The new concentration file created by POSTUTIL will then be used as input for the CALPOST postprocessor.

CALPOST is used to process the CALPUFF out puts by producing tabulati ons summarizing the results of the simulations, identifying, for exampl e, the highest and second-highest hourly-average concentrations at each receptor. When perfor ming visibility-related modeling, CALPOST uses concentrations from CALPUFF (or POSTUTIL) to co mpute light extinction and related measures of visibility (haze index in deciview s), reporting these for a 24-hour aver aging time. The selections of the specific variables used in POSTUTIL and CALPOST are provided in Appendices E and F, respectively.

### 4-4 4/13/2007 

## 4.5.1 Light Extinction

Light extinction must be computed in order to ca lculate visibility. CALPOS T has seven methods for computing light extinction. As recommended by the WRAP Protocol, this BART technology analyses will use Method 6, which computes extin ction from speciated particulate matter with monthly Class I area-specific relative humidity adjust ment factors. Relative humidity is an important factor in determining light extinction (and therefor e visibility) because sulfate and nitrate aerosols, which absorb moisture from the air, have greater extinction efficiencies with greater relative humidity. This BART analysis will apply rela tive humidity correction factors [f(RH)s], obtained from Table A-3 of the EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions under the Regional Haze Rule (EPA, 2003), to sulfate and nitrate conc entrations outputs from CALPUFF. The f(RH) values for the Class I areas that will be assessed are provided in Table 4-1. The default Rayleigh scatter value (b ray 

### ) of 10 Mm -1 

### will also be used. The light extinction equation is provided below.

b ext 

### = 3 * f(RH) * [(NH 4 

### ) 2 

### SO 4 

### ] + 3* f(RH) * [NH 4 

### NO 3 

### ] + 4*[OC] + 1* [PM f 

### ] + 0.6*[PM c 

### ] + 10* [EC] + b ray



## 4.5.2 Natural Background

The EPA’s default average annual aerosol concentra tions for the eastern and western halves of the U.S., included in Table 2-1 of EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under Regional Haze Program

, will used to determine the natural background at each of the Class I areas. The values are provide in Table 4-2



## 4.5.3 Ammonia Concentrations

Ambient concentrations of nitrate (NO 3 

### ) are limited by the availability of ammonia, which is preferentially scavenged by sulfates (SO 4 

### ). Due to this preferential reaction between ammonia and sulfates, a lower ammonia concentrat ion would tend to decrease partic le nitrate concentrations prior to affecting particle sulfate concentrations.

In CALPUFF, a continuous emissions plume is re presented by a series of puffs. The model allows the full amount of the background ammonia concentra tions to be available to each emissions puff to form nitrate, which tends to overestimate nitrate formation. To compensate, the POSTUTIL utility program can be used to repartition HNO 3 

### and NO 3 

### . However, the BART modeling will be performed using the same fixed background ammonia level of 1 ppb that was used for the initial modeling performed by WRAP RMC.

### 4-5 4/13/2007 Table 4-1 Monthly Relative Humidity Factors a


### Class I Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Arches 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 Bandelier 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.3 Black Canyon of the Gunnison 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.3 Canyonlands 2.6 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 Capitol Reef 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.5 Grand Canyon 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.3 Great Sand Dunes 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.4 La Garita 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.3 Maroon Bells Snowmass 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.1

Mesa Verde 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.3
Pecos 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.2 Petrified Forest 2.4 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.3 San Pedro Parks 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.2 West Elk 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.2 Weminuche 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.3 Wheeler Peak 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.3

a 

### Table A-3 of the EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visi bility Conditions under the Regional Haze Rule

Table 4-2 Average Annual Natural Background Levels a



### Component Average Annual Natural Background ( μ g/m 3 

### )

Ammonium Sulfate 0.12 Ammonium Nitrate 0.10 Organic Carbon Mass 0.47

Elemental Carbon 0.02 Soil 0.50 Coarse Mass 3.0

a 

### Table 2-1 of the EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions under the Regional Haze Rule

### 5-1 4/13/2007 

# 5.0 Results

A report on the BART visibility analysis will be in cluded as Step 5 of the final BART engineering report that clearly compares impacts for each post -control control option and the resulting emissions from each unit to those for the baseline scenario. For each feasible control option determined from Steps 1-4, and for each applicable Class I area where the impact of the source exceeded 0.5 dv, the change in visibility impact from the source as a result of the control option will be reported. The effectiveness of candidate control op tions will be compared to each other, not to a specific target improvement.

### 6-1 4/13/2007 

# 6.0 Review Process

The purpose of the review process is to establish procedures for ensuring that products produced by the application of the modeling techniques for BART studies satisfy the regul atory objective of the BART program. Since the modeling analyses ar e using pre-defined CA LMET files and CALPUFF templates provided by the WRAP RMC, the quality assurance process will be straightforward.

The basic procedures that will apply to all CA LMET/CALPUFF model applic ations will include a confirmation of the source data, including units, verification of the correct sour ce and receptor locations, including datum and projec tion, confirmation of the switch se lections relative to modeling guidance, checks of the program switches and file names for the various processing steps, and confirmation of the use of the proper version and level of each mode l program. The CALPUFF modeling system contains built-in f eatures to facilitate review of the modeling results, including the automatic production of “QA” files for the various data listed above.

The amount of effort for end-users performing QA fo r the pre-defined meteor ological fields will be reduced from what is required in developing source-specific meteorological fields. The development of these CALMET datasets devel oped by the WRAP RMC were subject to a QA program as part of their development, so the n ecessary quality assurance activity of end-users is again reduced from what would be required in the development of a representative dataset.

Most of the CALPUFF input vari ables contain default values. Appendix B of the IWAQM report contains a list of recommended CALPUFF switch settings. Except as modified in the WRAP Protocol, the IWAQM guidance will be used in setting up the CALPUFF simulations.

CALPOST is run separately for each Class I area in order to obtain the necessary visibility statistics for evaluating compliance with the BART modeling thresholds. The inputs to CALPOST involve selection of the visibility method, entry of Cla ss I area-specific data for computing background extinction and monthly relative hu midity factors for hygroscopic aerosols. The CALPOST inputs that need to be carefully checked as part of the CALPOST quality assurance are:

• Visibility technique: Method 6

• Monthly Class I-specific relative humidity factors for Method 6

• Class I specific background light extinction values

• Inclusion of all appropriate species from modeled sources.

• Appropriate species names for coarse PM used

• Extinction efficiencies for each species

• Appropriate Rayleigh sc attering term (10 Mm -1 

### for initial modeling but Class I area specific value for finer grid modeling)

### 6-2 4/13/2007 In addition, a model project CD will be created that contains all of the data and program files needed to reproduce the model results presented in the subm ittal. The model list files from each step will be included on the project CD. This information will allow independent check ing and confirmation of the modeling process.

### A 4/13/2007 

# Appendix A Surface and Precipitation Stations

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-1 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2001

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height

1 K4BL -1088.794 -188.74 7 10 2 K4CR -796.753 -614.946 7 10 3 K4HV -1184.701 -91.019 7 10 4 K4MY -820.552 -514.181 7 10 5 KABQ -870.967 -501.552 7 10 6 KAEG -886.431 -489.863 7 10 7 KAKO -524.951 36.397 7 10 8 KALM -839.633 -752.147 7 10 9 KALS -777.382 -244.023 7 10 10 KAMA -425.225 -516.367 7 10 11 KAPA -668.169 -19.352 7 10 12 KASE -843.56 -40.773 7 10 13 KATS -699.341 -756.355 7 10 14 KBCE -1319.635 -144.072 7 10 15 KBJC -687.645 19.671 7 10 16 KBKF -658.539 -5.076 7 10 17 KCAO -547.124 -374.102 7 10 18 KCDC -1401.542 -129.849 7 10 19 KCEZ -1020.893 -233.136 7 10 20 KCGZ -1366.468 -675.581 7 10 21 KCHD -1370.847 -633.186 7 10 22 KCNM -682.759 -822.078 7 10 23 KCNY -1095.593 -59.385 7 10 24 KCOS -663.999 -102.631 7 10 25 KCQC -775.182 -516.728 7 10 26 KCVN -556.268 -599.276 7 10 27 KCVS -577.834 -601.516 7 10 28 KDEN -649.924 12.691 7 10 29 KDHT -496.517 -424.942 7 10 30 KDMA -1303.576 -768.169 7 10 31 KDMN -1006.923 -798.125 7 10 32 KDRO -945.713 -259.162 7 10 33 KDUG -1194.674 -862.991 7 10 34 KDVT -1424.153 -803.334 7 10 35 KEEO -918.793 60.596 7 10 36 KEGE -842.6 7.317 7 10 37 KEHA -431.288 -320.167 7 10 38 KELP -888.697 -862.785 7 10 39 KFFZ -1359.37 -612.92 7 10 40 KFGZ -1335.662 -418.569 7 10 41 KFLG -1323.565 -431.409 7 10 42 KFMN -993.475 -297.941 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-2 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2001

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height

43 KFST -566.391 -988.873 7 10 44 KGDP -737.521 -873.407 7 10 45 KGJT -986.737 -34.971 7 10 46 KGNT -985.121 -475.597 7 10 47 KGUC -855.846 -113.585 7 10 48 KGUP -1060.45 -427.996 7 10 49 KGXY -644.007 49.181 7 10 50 KGYR -1419.716 -608.461 7 10 51 KINK -586.879 -890.621 7 10 52 KINW -1241.942 -457.351 7 10 53 KITR -451.837 -69.8 7 10 54 KIWA -1356.255 -632.196 7 10 55 KLAA -494.483 -198.304 7 10 56 KLBB -445.079 -691.2 7 10 57 KLHX -567.01 -195.279 7 10 58 KLIC -573.7 -69.147 7 10 59 KLRU -917.261 -803.759 7 10 60 KLVS -731.441 -447.785 7 10 61 KLXV -794.908 -42.221 7 10 62 KMAF -489.696 -878.105 7 10 63 KMLF -1380.148 -51.293 7 10 64 KMTJ -939.546 -109.53 7 10 65 KODO -509.4 -880.305 7 10 66 KOLS -1312.937 -851.17 7 10 67 KPGA -1272.618 -237.748 7 10 68 KPHX -1385.892 -612.301 7 10 69 KPRC -1401.151 -472.762 7 10 70 KPSR -1386.494 -611.852 7 10 71 KPUB -651.703 -162.851 7 10 72 KPUC -1166.723 46.049 7 10 73 KRIL -912.112 1.889 7 10 74 KROW -698.85 -712.895 7 10 75 KRQE -1083.18 -409.162 7 10 76 KRTN -664.239 -331.996 7 10 77 KSAD -1176.466 -709.996 7 10 78 KSAF -816.558 -444.045 7 10 79 KSDL -1373.418 -593.724 7 10 80 KSGU -1456.647 -187.285 7 10 81 KSJN -1127.733 -529.673 7 10 82 KSKX -812.696 -797.619 7 10 83 KSOW -1187.951 -549.427 7 10 84 KSPD -493.802 -285.159 7 10 85 KSRR -789.624 -686.256 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-3 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2001

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height

86 KSVC -1043.578 -751.807 7 10 87 KTAD -645.048 -278.061 7 10 88 KTCC -597.363 -511.501 7 10 89 KTCS -952.322 -695.439 7 10 90 KTUS -1309.084 -772.955 7 10 91 KU24 -1326.193 40.266 7 10 92 KGCN -1351.769 -335.037 7 10 93 KHOB -580.048 -790.648 7 10 94 KTEX -948.259 -169.74 7 10 95 KE33 -846.39 -298.154 7 10 96 MMCS -893.759 -880.938 7 10 97 K4SL -889.332 -391.854 7 10 98 KAFF -671.158 -85.372 7 10 99 KU28 -1126.008 -28.962 7 10 100 KFHU -1261.816 -840.209 7 10 101 KHMN -848.745 -749.371 7 10 102 KGBN -1457.891 -656.39 7 10 103 KLAM -831.464 -412.856 7 10 104 KLUF -1415.707 -594.125 7 10 105 KFCS -669.55 -116.96 7 10 106 KGEU -1409.993 -597.351 7 10 107 KEPZ -915.897 -851.724 7 10 108 KCCU -779.686 -19.32 7 10 109 KCPW -858.907 -235.621 7 10 110 KMYP -805.328 -126.737 7 10 111 KVTP -715.975 -244.241 7 10 112 KMNH -652.817 -58.825 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-4 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2002

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height
1 K4BL -1088.794 -188.74 7 10 2 K4CR -796.753 -614.946 7 10 3 K4HV -1184.701 -91.019 7 10 4 K4MY -820.552 -514.181 7 10 5 K4SL -902.016 -397.882 7 10 6 KABQ -870.967 -501.552 7 10 7 KAEG -886.431 -489.863 7 10 8 KAKO -524.951 36.397 7 10 9 KALM -839.633 -752.147 7 10 10 KALS -777.382 -244.023 7 10 11 KAMA -425.225 -516.367 7 10 12 KAPA -668.169 -19.352 7 10 13 KASE -843.56 -40.773 7 10 14 KATS -699.341 -756.355 7 10 15 KBCE -1319.974 -143.768 7 10 16 KBJC -687.645 19.671 7 10 17 KBKF -658.539 -5.076 7 10 18 KCAO -547.124 -374.102 7 10 19 KCDC -1401.542 -129.849 7 10 20 KCEZ -1020.893 -233.136 7 10 21 KCGZ -1366.468 -675.581 7 10 22 KCHD -1370.847 -633.186 7 10 23 KCNM -681.361 -822.067 7 10 24 KCNY -1095.593 -59.385 7 10 25 KCOS -663.999 -102.631 7 10 26 KCQC -775.182 -516.728 7 10 27 KCVN -556.268 -599.276 7 10 28 KCVS -577.834 -601.516 7 10 29 KDEN -649.924 12.691 7 10 30 KDHT -496.517 -424.942 7 10 31 KDMN -1006.923 -798.125 7 10 32 KDRO -945.713 -259.162 7 10 33 KDUG -1194.674 -862.991 7 10 34 KDVT -1385.653 -583.401 7 10 35 KEEO -918.793 60.596 7 10 36 KEGE -842.6 7.317 7 10 37 KEHA -431.288 -320.167 7 10 38 KELP -888.697 -862.785 7 10 39 KFFZ -1359.37 -612.92 7 10 40 KFGZ -1335.662 -418.569 7 10 41 KFHU -1261.816 -840.209 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-5 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2002

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height
42 KFLG -1323.565 -431.409 7 10 43 KFMN -993.475 -297.941 7 10 44 KFST -566.391 -988.873 7 10 45 KGCN -1351.769 -335.037 7 10 46 KGDP -737.521 -873.407 7 10 47 KGEU -1409.993 -597.351 7 10 48 KGJT -986.737 -34.971 7 10 49 KGNT -985.121 -475.597 7 10 50 KGUC -855.846 -113.585 7 10 51 KGUP -1060.45 -427.996 7 10 52 KGXY -644.007 49.181 7 10 53 KGYR -1419.716 -608.461 7 10 54 KHOB -580.048 -790.648 7 10 55 KINK -586.978 -890.95 7 10 56 KINW -1241.942 -457.351 7 10 57 KITR -451.837 -69.8 7 10 58 KIWA -1356.255 -632.196 7 10 59 KLAA -494.483 -198.304 7 10 60 KLBB -445.079 -691.2 7 10 61 KLHX -567.01 -195.279 7 10 62 KLIC -573.7 -69.147 7 10 63 KLRU -917.261 -803.759 7 10 64 KLVS -731.441 -447.785 7 10 65 KLXV -794.908 -42.221 7 10 66 KMAF -489.696 -878.105 7 10 67 KMLF -1380.148 -51.293 7 10 68 KMTJ -939.546 -109.53 7 10 69 KODO -509.4 -880.305 7 10 70 KOLS -1312.937 -851.17 7 10 71 KPGA -1272.618 -237.748 7 10 72 KPHX -1385.892 -612.301 7 10 73 KPRC -1401.151 -472.762 7 10 74 KPSR -1386.494 -611.852 7 10 75 KPUB -651.703 -162.851 7 10 76 KPUC -1166.723 46.049 7 10 77 KRIL -912.112 1.889 7 10 78 KROW -698.85 -712.895 7 10 79 KRQE -1083.18 -409.162 7 10 80 KRTN -664.239 -331.996 7 10 81 KSAD -1176.466 -709.996 7 10 82 KSAF -816.558 -444.045 7 10 83 KSDL -1373.418 -593.724 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-6 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2002

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height
84 KSGU -1456.647 -187.285 7 10 85 KSJN -1127.733 -529.673 7 10 86 KSKX -770.438 -355.856 7 10 87 KSOW -1187.951 -549.427 7 10 88 KSPD -493.802 -285.159 7 10 89 KSRR -789.624 -686.256 7 10 90 KSVC -1043.578 -751.807 7 10 91 KTAD -644.899 -276.219 7 10 92 KTCC -597.363 -511.501 7 10 93 KTCS -952.322 -695.439 7 10 94 KTEX -948.259 -169.74 7 10 95 KTUS -1309.084 -772.955 7 10 96 KU24 -1326.193 40.266 7 10 97 KDMA -1303.576 -768.169 7 10 98 MMCS -893.759 -880.938 7 10 99 KE33 -846.39 -298.154 7 10 100 KU28 -1126.008 -28.962 7 10 101 KFCS -669.55 -116.96 7 10 102 KHMN -848.745 -749.371 7 10 103 KLUF -1415.707 -594.125 7 10 104 KGBN -1457.891 -656.39 7 10 105 KAFF -671.158 -85.372 7 10 106 KCCU -779.686 -19.32 7 10 107 KCPW -858.907 -235.621 7 10 108 KMYP -805.328 -126.737 7 10 109 KVTP -715.975 -244.241 7 10 110 KMNH -652.817 -58.825 7 10 111 KCRV -725.218 39.791 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-7 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2003

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height
1 K4BL -1088.794 -188.74 7 10 2 K4CR -796.753 -614.946 7 10 3 K4HV -1184.701 -91.019 7 10 4 K4MY -820.552 -514.181 7 10 5 K4SL -902.016 -397.882 7 10 6 KABQ -870.967 -501.552 7 10 7 KAEG -886.431 -489.863 7 10 8 KAKO -524.951 36.397 7 10 9 KALM -839.633 -752.147 7 10 10 KALS -777.382 -244.023 7 10 11 KAMA -425.225 -516.367 7 10 12 KAPA -668.169 -19.352 7 10 13 KASE -843.56 -40.773 7 10 14 KATS -699.341 -756.355 7 10 15 KBCE -1319.974 -143.768 7 10 16 KBJC -687.645 19.671 7 10 17 KBKF -658.539 -5.076 7 10 18 KCAO -547.124 -374.102 7 10 19 KCCU -779.686 -19.32 7 10 20 KCDC -1401.542 -129.849 7 10 21 KCEZ -1020.893 -233.136 7 10 22 KCGZ -1366.468 -675.581 7 10 23 KCHD -1370.847 -633.186 7 10 24 KCNM -681.361 -822.067 7 10 25 KCNY -1095.593 -59.385 7 10 26 KCOS -663.999 -102.631 7 10 27 KCPW -858.907 -235.621 7 10 28 KCQC -775.182 -516.728 7 10 29 KCRV -725.218 39.791 7 10 30 KCVN -556.268 -599.276 7 10 31 KCVS -577.834 -601.516 7 10 32 KDEN -649.924 12.691 7 10 33 KDHT -496.517 -424.942 7 10 34 KDMA -1303.576 -768.169 7 10 35 KDMN -1006.923 -798.125 7 10 36 KDRO -945.713 -259.162 7 10 37 KDUG -1194.674 -862.991 7 10 38 KDVT -1385.653 -583.401 7 10 39 KEEO -918.793 60.596 7 10 40 KEGE -842.6 7.317 7 10 41 KEHA -431.288 -320.167 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-8 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2003

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height
42 KELP -888.697 -862.785 7 10 43 KFFZ -1359.37 -612.92 7 10 44 KFGZ -1335.662 -418.569 7 10 45 KFLG -1323.565 -431.409 7 10 46 KFMN -993.475 -297.941 7 10 47 KFST -566.391 -988.873 7 10 48 KGCN -1351.769 -335.037 7 10 49 KGDP -737.521 -873.407 7 10 50 KGEU -1409.993 -597.351 7 10 51 KGJT -986.737 -34.971 7 10 52 KGNT -985.121 -475.597 7 10 53 KGUC -855.846 -113.585 7 10 54 KGUP -1060.45 -427.996 7 10 55 KGXY -644.007 49.181 7 10 56 KGYR -1419.716 -608.461 7 10 57 KHOB -580.048 -790.648 7 10 58 KINK -586.978 -890.95 7 10 59 KINW -1241.942 -457.351 7 10 60 KITR -451.837 -69.8 7 10 61 KIWA -1356.255 -632.196 7 10 62 KLAA -494.483 -198.304 7 10 63 KLBB -445.079 -691.2 7 10 64 KLHX -567.01 -195.279 7 10 65 KLIC -573.7 -69.147 7 10 66 KLRU -917.261 -803.759 7 10 67 KLVS -731.441 -447.785 7 10 68 KLXV -794.908 -42.221 7 10 69 KMAF -489.696 -878.105 7 10 70 KMLF -1380.148 -51.293 7 10 71 KMNH -652.817 -58.825 7 10 72 KMTJ -939.546 -109.53 7 10 73 KMYP -805.328 -126.737 7 10 74 KODO -509.4 -880.305 7 10 75 KOLS -1312.937 -851.17 7 10 76 KPGA -1272.618 -237.748 7 10 77 KPHX -1385.892 -612.301 7 10 78 KPRC -1401.151 -472.762 7 10 79 KPSR -1386.494 -611.852 7 10 80 KPUB -651.703 -162.851 7 10 81 KPUC -1166.723 46.049 7 10 82 KRIL -912.112 1.889 7 10 83 KROW -698.85 -712.895 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-9 4/13/2007 Surface Meteorological Stations 2003

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) Time Zone Anemometer Height
84 KRQE -1083.18 -409.162 7 10 85 KRTN -664.239 -331.996 7 10 86 KSAD -1176.466 -709.996 7 10 87 KSAF -816.558 -444.045 7 10 88 KSDL -1373.418 -593.724 7 10 89 KSGU -1456.647 -187.285 7 10 90 KSJN -1127.733 -529.673 7 10 91 KSKX -770.438 -355.856 7 10 92 KSOW -1187.951 -549.427 7 10 93 KSPD -493.802 -285.159 7 10 94 KSRR -789.624 -686.256 7 10 95 KSVC -1043.578 -751.807 7 10 96 KTAD -644.899 -276.219 7 10 97 KTCC -597.363 -511.501 7 10 98 KTCS -952.322 -695.439 7 10 99 KTEX -948.259 -169.74 7 10 100 KTUS -1309.084 -772.955 7 10 101 KU24 -1326.193 40.266 7 10 102 KVTP -715.975 -244.241 7 10 103 MMCS -893.759 -880.938 7 10 104 KE33 -846.39 -298.154 7 10 105 KU28 -1126.008 -28.962 7 10 106 KHMN -848.745 -749.371 7 10 107 KAFF -671.158 -85.372 7 10 108 KFCS -669.55 -116.96 7 10 109 KFHU -1261.816 -840.209 7 10 110 KGBN -1457.891 -656.39 7 10 111 KLUF -1415.707 -594.125 7 10 112 KBPG -425.646 -852.529 7 10 113 KPVW -432.871 -634.402 7 10 114 K20V -791.766 46.384 7 10

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-10 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2001

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 1 K4BL -1088.794 -188.74 2 K4CR -796.753 -614.946 3 K4HV -1184.701 -91.019 4 K4MY -820.552 -514.181 5 KABQ -870.967 -501.552 6 KAEG -886.431 -489.863 7 KAKO -524.951 36.397 8 KALM -839.633 -752.147 9 KALS -777.382 -244.023 10 KAMA -425.225 -516.367 11 KAPA -668.169 -19.352 12 KASE -843.56 -40.773 13 KATS -699.341 -756.355 14 KBCE -1319.635 -144.072 15 KBJC -687.645 19.671 16 KBKF -658.539 -5.076 17 KCAO -547.124 -374.102 18 KCDC -1401.542 -129.849 19 KCEZ -1020.893 -233.136 20 KCGZ -1366.468 -675.581 21 KCHD -1370.847 -633.186 22 KCNM -682.759 -822.078 23 KCNY -1095.593 -59.385 24 KCOS -663.999 -102.631 25 KCQC -775.182 -516.728 26 KCVN -556.268 -599.276 27 KCVS -577.834 -601.516 28 KDEN -649.924 12.691 29 KDHT -496.517 -424.942 30 KDMA -1303.576 -768.169 31 KDMN -1006.923 -798.125 32 KDRO -945.713 -259.162 33 KDUG -1194.674 -862.991 34 KDVT -1424.153 -803.334 35 KEEO -918.793 60.596 36 KEGE -842.6 7.317 37 KEHA -431.288 -320.167 38 KELP -888.697 -862.785 39 KFFZ -1359.37 -612.92 40 KFGZ -1335.662 -418.569 41 KFLG -1323.565 -431.409

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-11 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2001

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 42 KFMN -993.475 -297.941 43 KFST -566.391 -988.873 44 KGDP -737.521 -873.407 45 KGJT -986.737 -34.971 46 KGNT -985.121 -475.597 47 KGUC -855.846 -113.585 48 KGUP -1060.45 -427.996 49 KGXY -644.007 49.181 50 KGYR -1419.716 -608.461 51 KINK -586.879 -890.621 52 KINW -1241.942 -457.351 53 KITR -451.837 -69.8 54 KIWA -1356.255 -632.196 55 KLAA -494.483 -198.304 56 KLBB -445.079 -691.2 57 KLHX -567.01 -195.279 58 KLIC -573.7 -69.147 59 KLRU -917.261 -803.759 60 KLVS -731.441 -447.785 61 KLXV -794.908 -42.221 62 KMAF -489.696 -878.105 63 KMLF -1380.148 -51.293 64 KMTJ -939.546 -109.53 65 KODO -509.4 -880.305 66 KOLS -1312.937 -851.17 67 KPGA -1272.618 -237.748 68 KPHX -1385.892 -612.301 69 KPRC -1401.151 -472.762 70 KPSR -1386.494 -611.852 71 KPUB -651.703 -162.851 72 KPUC -1166.723 46.049 73 KRIL -912.112 1.889 74 KROW -698.85 -712.895 75 KRQE -1083.18 -409.162 76 KRTN -664.239 -331.996 77 KSAD -1176.466 -709.996 78 KSAF -816.558 -444.045 79 KSDL -1373.418 -593.724 80 KSGU -1456.647 -187.285 81 KSJN -1127.733 -529.673 82 KSKX -812.696 -797.619 83 KSOW -1187.951 -549.427

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-12 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2001

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 84 KSPD -493.802 -285.159 85 KSRR -789.624 -686.256 86 KSVC -1043.578 -751.807 87 KTAD -645.048 -278.061 88 KTCC -597.363 -511.501 89 KTCS -952.322 -695.439 90 KTUS -1309.084 -772.955 91 KU24 -1326.193 40.266 92 KGCN -1351.769 -335.037 93 KHOB -580.048 -790.648 94 KTEX -948.259 -169.74 95 KE33 -846.39 -298.154 96 MMCS -893.759 -880.938 97 K4SL -889.332 -391.854 98 KAFF -671.158 -85.372 99 KU28 -1126.008 -28.962 100 KFHU -1261.816 -840.209 101 KHMN -848.745 -749.371 102 KGBN -1457.891 -656.39 103 KLAM -831.464 -412.856 104 KLUF -1415.707 -594.125 105 KFCS -669.55 -116.96 106 KGEU -1409.993 -597.351 107 KEPZ -915.897 -851.724 108 KCCU -779.686 -19.32 109 KCPW -858.907 -235.621 110 KMYP -805.328 -126.737 111 KVTP -715.975 -244.241 112 KMNH -652.817 -58.825

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-13 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2002

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 1 K4BL -1088.794 -188.74 2 K4CR -796.753 -614.946 3 K4HV -1184.701 -91.019 4 K4MY -820.552 -514.181 5 K4SL -902.016 -397.882 6 KABQ -870.967 -501.552 7 KAEG -886.431 -489.863 8 KAKO -524.951 36.397 9 KALM -839.633 -752.147 10 KALS -777.382 -244.023 11 KAMA -425.225 -516.367 12 KAPA -668.169 -19.352 13 KASE -843.56 -40.773 14 KATS -699.341 -756.355 15 KBCE -1319.974 -143.768 16 KBJC -687.645 19.671 17 KBKF -658.539 -5.076 18 KCAO -547.124 -374.102 19 KCDC -1401.542 -129.849 20 KCEZ -1020.893 -233.136 21 KCGZ -1366.468 -675.581 22 KCHD -1370.847 -633.186 23 KCNM -681.361 -822.067 24 KCNY -1095.593 -59.385 25 KCOS -663.999 -102.631 26 KCQC -775.182 -516.728 27 KCVN -556.268 -599.276 28 KCVS -577.834 -601.516 29 KDEN -649.924 12.691 30 KDHT -496.517 -424.942 31 KDMN -1006.923 -798.125 32 KDRO -945.713 -259.162 33 KDUG -1194.674 -862.991 34 KDVT -1385.653 -583.401 35 KEEO -918.793 60.596 36 KEGE -842.6 7.317 37 KEHA -431.288 -320.167 38 KELP -888.697 -862.785 39 KFFZ -1359.37 -612.92 40 KFGZ -1335.662 -418.569 41 KFHU -1261.816 -840.209 42 KFLG -1323.565 -431.409 43 KFMN -993.475 -297.941 44 KFST -566.391 -988.873 45 KGCN -1351.769 -335.037 46 KGDP -737.521 -873.407

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-14 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2002

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 47 KGEU -1409.993 -597.351 48 KGJT -986.737 -34.971 49 KGNT -985.121 -475.597 50 KGUC -855.846 -113.585 51 KGUP -1060.45 -427.996 52 KGXY -644.007 49.181 53 KGYR -1419.716 -608.461 54 KHOB -580.048 -790.648 55 KINK -586.978 -890.95 56 KINW -1241.942 -457.351 57 KITR -451.837 -69.8 58 KIWA -1356.255 -632.196 59 KLAA -494.483 -198.304 60 KLBB -445.079 -691.2 61 KLHX -567.01 -195.279 62 KLIC -573.7 -69.147 63 KLRU -917.261 -803.759 64 KLVS -731.441 -447.785 65 KLXV -794.908 -42.221 66 KMAF -489.696 -878.105 67 KMLF -1380.148 -51.293 68 KMTJ -939.546 -109.53 69 KODO -509.4 -880.305 70 KOLS -1312.937 -851.17 71 KPGA -1272.618 -237.748 72 KPHX -1385.892 -612.301 73 KPRC -1401.151 -472.762 74 KPSR -1386.494 -611.852 75 KPUB -651.703 -162.851 76 KPUC -1166.723 46.049 77 KRIL -912.112 1.889 78 KROW -698.85 -712.895 79 KRQE -1083.18 -409.162 80 KRTN -664.239 -331.996 81 KSAD -1176.466 -709.996 82 KSAF -816.558 -444.045 83 KSDL -1373.418 -593.724 84 KSGU -1456.647 -187.285 85 KSJN -1127.733 -529.673 86 KSKX -770.438 -355.856 87 KSOW -1187.951 -549.427 88 KSPD -493.802 -285.159 89 KSRR -789.624 -686.256

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-15 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2002

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 90 KSVC -1043.578 -751.807 91 KTAD -644.899 -276.219 92 KTCC -597.363 -511.501 93 KTCS -952.322 -695.439 94 KTEX -948.259 -169.74 95 KTUS -1309.084 -772.955 96 KU24 -1326.193 40.266 97 KDMA -1303.576 -768.169 98 MMCS -893.759 -880.938 99 KE33 -846.39 -298.154 100 KU28 -1126.008 -28.962 101 KFCS -669.55 -116.96 102 KHMN -848.745 -749.371 103 KLUF -1415.707 -594.125 104 KGBN -1457.891 -656.39 105 KAFF -671.158 -85.372 106 KCCU -779.686 -19.32 107 KCPW -858.907 -235.621 108 KMYP -805.328 -126.737 109 KVTP -715.975 -244.241 110 KMNH -652.817 -58.825 111 KCRV -725.218 39.791

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-16 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2003

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 1 K4BL -1088.794 -188.74 2 K4CR -796.753 -614.946 3 K4HV -1184.701 -91.019 4 K4MY -820.552 -514.181 5 K4SL -902.016 -397.882 6 KABQ -870.967 -501.552 7 KAEG -886.431 -489.863 8 KAKO -524.951 36.397 9 KALM -839.633 -752.147 10 KALS -777.382 -244.023 11 KAMA -425.225 -516.367 12 KAPA -668.169 -19.352 13 KASE -843.56 -40.773 14 KATS -699.341 -756.355 15 KBCE -1319.974 -143.768 16 KBJC -687.645 19.671 17 KBKF -658.539 -5.076 18 KCAO -547.124 -374.102 19 KCCU -779.686 -19.32 20 KCDC -1401.542 -129.849 21 KCEZ -1020.893 -233.136 22 KCGZ -1366.468 -675.581 23 KCHD -1370.847 -633.186 24 KCNM -681.361 -822.067 25 KCNY -1095.593 -59.385 26 KCOS -663.999 -102.631 27 KCPW -858.907 -235.621 28 KCQC -775.182 -516.728 29 KCRV -725.218 39.791 30 KCVN -556.268 -599.276 31 KCVS -577.834 -601.516 32 KDEN -649.924 12.691 33 KDHT -496.517 -424.942 34 KDMA -1303.576 -768.169 35 KDMN -1006.923 -798.125 36 KDRO -945.713 -259.162 37 KDUG -1194.674 -862.991 38 KDVT -1385.653 -583.401 39 KEEO -918.793 60.596 40 KEGE -842.6 7.317 41 KEHA -431.288 -320.167 42 KELP -888.697 -862.785 43 KFFZ -1359.37 -612.92 44 KFGZ -1335.662 -418.569 45 KFLG -1323.565 -431.409 46 KFMN -993.475 -297.941

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-17 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2003

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 47 KFST -566.391 -988.873 48 KGCN -1351.769 -335.037 49 KGDP -737.521 -873.407 50 KGEU -1409.993 -597.351 51 KGJT -986.737 -34.971 52 KGNT -985.121 -475.597 53 KGUC -855.846 -113.585 54 KGUP -1060.45 -427.996 55 KGXY -644.007 49.181 56 KGYR -1419.716 -608.461 57 KHOB -580.048 -790.648 58 KINK -586.978 -890.95 59 KINW -1241.942 -457.351 60 KITR -451.837 -69.8 61 KIWA -1356.255 -632.196 62 KLAA -494.483 -198.304 63 KLBB -445.079 -691.2 64 KLHX -567.01 -195.279 65 KLIC -573.7 -69.147 66 KLRU -917.261 -803.759 67 KLVS -731.441 -447.785 68 KLXV -794.908 -42.221 69 KMAF -489.696 -878.105 70 KMLF -1380.148 -51.293 71 KMNH -652.817 -58.825 72 KMTJ -939.546 -109.53 73 KMYP -805.328 -126.737 74 KODO -509.4 -880.305 75 KOLS -1312.937 -851.17 76 KPGA -1272.618 -237.748 77 KPHX -1385.892 -612.301 78 KPRC -1401.151 -472.762 79 KPSR -1386.494 -611.852 80 KPUB -651.703 -162.851 81 KPUC -1166.723 46.049 82 KRIL -912.112 1.889 83 KROW -698.85 -712.895 84 KRQE -1083.18 -409.162 85 KRTN -664.239 -331.996 86 KSAD -1176.466 -709.996 87 KSAF -816.558 -444.045 88 KSDL -1373.418 -593.724 89 KSGU -1456.647 -187.285

# Surface and Precipitation Stations

A-18 4/13/2007 Precipitation Stations 2003

Station Number Station Name Lambert Coordinate

X (km) Lambert Coordinate

Y (km) 90 KSJN -1127.733 -529.673 91 KSKX -770.438 -355.856 92 KSOW -1187.951 -549.427 93 KSPD -493.802 -285.159 94 KSRR -789.624 -686.256 95 KSVC -1043.578 -751.807 96 KTAD -644.899 -276.219 97 KTCC -597.363 -511.501 98 KTCS -952.322 -695.439 99 KTEX -948.259 -169.74 100 KTUS -1309.084 -772.955 101 KU24 -1326.193 40.266 102 KVTP -715.975 -244.241 103 MMCS -893.759 -880.938 104 KE33 -846.39 -298.154 105 KU28 -1126.008 -28.962 106 KHMN -848.745 -749.371 107 KAFF -671.158 -85.372 108 KFCS -669.55 -116.96 109 KFHU -1261.816 -840.209 110 KGBN -1457.891 -656.39 111 KLUF -1415.707 -594.125 112 KBPG -425.646 -852.529 113 KPVW -432.871 -634.402 114 K20V -791.766 46.384

### B 4/13/2007 

# Appendix B CALMET Control File Inputs

# CALMET Control File Inputs

B-1 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Agreement with Default Comments

INPUT GROUP 0: Input and Output NUSTA Number of Upper air stations 10 n/a

NOWSTA Number of over water met stations 0 n/a Not using over water met stations

INPUT GROUP 1: General Run Control Parameters IBYR Starting year of the CALPUFF run 2001 n/a 2002 and 2003 are the other years modeled IBMO Starting month 1 n/a IBDY Starting day 1 n/a IBHR Starting hour 0 n/a IBTZ Base time zone 7 n/a Mountain Standard Time IRLG Length of run (hours) 744 n/a CALMET run in daily increments 31 days = 744 hours 30 days = 720 hours 28 days = 672 hours IRTYPE Run Type 1 Y Must be 1 to run CALPUFF LCALGRD Compute variables used by both CALGRID and CALPUFF T Y Compute all fields required by CALPUFF

ITEST Stop run after SETUP to do input QA 2 Y

INPUT GROUP 2: Map Projection and Grid Control Parameters PMAP Map Projection LCC UTM FEAST False Easting at the projection origin 0.00 Y

FNORTH False Northing at the projection origin 0.00 Y

IUTMZN UTM zone n/a n/a UTMHEM Hemisphere for UTM projection n/a n/a

RLATO Latitude (dec. degrees) of projection origin 40.0 N n/a RLONO Longitude (dec. degrees) of projection origin 97.0 W n/a

XLAT1 Matching parallel(s) of latitude projection 33.0 N n/a

XLAT2 Matching parallel(s) of latitude projection 45.0 N n/a

DATUM Datum region for output coordinates NWS-84 n/a

NX Number of X grid cells in meteorological grid 216 n/a

NY Number of Y grid cells in meteorological grid 216 n/a

DGRIDKM Grid spacing, km 4 n/a Refined grid spacing XORIGKM Ref. Coordinate of SW corner of grid cell (1,1) -1368 n/a

YORIGKM Ref. Coordinate of SW corner of grid cell (1,1) -900 n/a

NZ No. of vertical layers 10 n/a

# CALMET Control File Inputs

B-2 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Agreement with Default Comments

ZFACE Cell face heights in arbitrary vertical grid, m 0,20, 100,200,350,500, 750,1000,2000, 3000,4000,5000 n/a WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Values

INPUT GROUP 3: Output Options LSAVE Disk output option T Y IFORMO Type of unformatted output type 1 Y

LPRINT Print met fields F Y IPRINF Print intervals 1 Y IUVOUT(NZ) Specify layers of u,v wind components to print NZ*0 Y

IWOUT(NZ) Specify layers of w wind components to print NZ*0 Y

ITOUT(NZ) Specify layers of 3-D temperature field to print NZ*0 Y

LDB Print input met data and variables F Y

NN1 First time step for debug data to be printed 1 Y Not used

NN2 Last time step for debug data to be printed 2 N Not used

IOUTD Control 1variable for writing test/debug wind fields 0 Y

NZPRN2 Number of levels starting at surface to print 1 Y

IPR0 Print interpolated wind components 0 Y

IPR1 Print terrain adjusted surface wind components 0 Y

IPR2 Print initial divergence fields 0 Y

IPR3 Print final wind speed and direction 0 Y

IPR4 Print final divergence fields 0 Y

IPR5 Print winds after kinematic effects 0 Y

IPR6 Print winds after Froude number adjustment 0 Y

IPR7 Print winds after slope flows are added 0 Y

IPR8 Print final field components 0 Y INPUT GROUP 4: Meteorological Data Options NOOBS 1= Use of surface and precipitation (no upper air observations); use MM5 for upper air data 1 Y

NSSTA Number of meteorological 112 n/a 111 stations for 2002

# CALMET Control File Inputs

B-3 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Agreement with Default Comments

surface stations 114 stations for 2003 NPSTA Number of precipitation stations 112 n/a 111 stations for 2002 114 stations for 2003 ICLOUD Gridded cloud fields 0 N IFORMS Formatted surface meteorological data file 2 Y

IFORMP Formatted surface precipitation data file 2 Y

IFORMC Formatted cloud data file 2 Y No additional cloud data used in the model. INPUT GROUP 5: Windfiel d Options and Parameters IWFCOD Model selection variable 1 Y IFRADJ Compute Froude number adjustment factor 1 Y

IKINE Compute kinematic effects 0 Y WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value IOBR Use O’Brien (1970) vertical velocity adjustment 0 Y

ISLOPE Compute slope flow effects 1 Y IEXTRP Extrapolate surface wind obs to upper level 1 N WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value ICALM Extrapolate surface winds if calm 0 Y

BIAS Layer dependent biases weighting aloft measurements NZ*0 Y

RMIN2 Minimum vertical extrapolation distance 4 Y

IPROG Use gridded prognostic wind field model output fields as input to the diagnostic wind field model 14 N Use winds from MM5.DAT file as initial guess field

ISTEPPG MM5 output timestep 1 Y LVARY Use varying radius of influence F Y

RMAX1 Maximum radius of influence over land in sfc layer 50 n/a

RMAX2 Maximum radius of influence over land aloft 100 n/a

RMAX3 Maximum radius of influence over water 100 n/a

RMIN Minimum radius of influence used anywhere 0.1 Y

TERRAD Terrain feature radius of influence 10 n/a

R1 Weighting of first guess surface field 100 n/a

R2 Weighting of first guess aloft field 200 n/a WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value

RPROG MM4 windfield weighting parameter 0 n/a Not used since IPROG is not equal to 1.

# CALMET Control File Inputs

B-4 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Agreement with Default Comments

DIVLIM Minimum divergence criterion 5.E-6 Y

NITER Number of divergences minimization iterations 50 Y

NSMMTH Number of passes through smoothing filter in each layer of CALMET 2,4,4,4,4, 4,4,4,4,4 Y

NINTR2 Maximum number of stations use din each layer for the interpretation of data to a grid point 99 Y

CRITFN Critical Froude number 1.0 Y ALPHA Kinematic effects parameter 0.1 Y

FEXTR2 Scaling factor for extrapolating sfc winds aloft NZ*0 Y

NBAR Number of terrain barriers 0 Y IDIOTP1 Surface temperature computation switch 0 Y

ISURFT Number of sfc met station to use for temp calcs 42 n/a Surface Station KFMN 2002 = 43 2003 = 46 IDIOPT2 Domain average lapse rate switch 0 Y

IUPT Upper air station to use for lapse rate calculation 0 n/a Upper Air Stations Not Used

ZUPT Depth through wish lapse rate is calculated 200 Y

IDIOPT3 Domain averaged wind components 0 Y

IUPWIND Number of aloft stations to use for wind calc -1 Y

ZUPWIND Bottom and top of layer through which the domain scale winds are computed 1, 1000 Y

IDIOPT4 Observed surface wind component switch 0 Y

IDIOPT5 Observed aloft wind component switch 0 Y

LLBREZE Use lake breeze model F Y NBOX Number of lake breeze regions n/a n/a

NLB Number of stations in the region n/a n/a

METBXID (NLB) Stations ID’s in the region n/a n/a

Input Group 6: Mi xing Height, Temperature a nd Precipitation Parameters CONSTB Neutral stability mixing height coefficient 1.41 Y

CONSTE Convective stability mixing height coefficient 0.15 Y

# CALMET Control File Inputs

B-5 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Agreement with Default Comments

CONSTN Stable stability maxing height coefficient 2400 Y

CONSTW Overwater mixing height coefficient 0.16 Y

FCORIOL Absolute vale of Coriolis parameter 1 E-4 Y

IAVEZI Conduct spatial averaging 1 Y MNMDAV Maximum search radius in averaging process 1 Y

HAFANG Half angle of upwind looking cone for averaging 30 Y

ILEVZI Layers of wind use in upwind averaging 1 Y

DPTMIN Minimum potential temperature lapse rate in the stable layer above the current convective mixing height 0.001 Y

DZZI Depth of layer above current convective mixing height through which lapse rate is computed 200 Y

ZIMIN Minimum overland mixing height 50 Y

ZIMAX Maximum overland mixing height 4500 Y WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value ZIMINW Minimum overwater mixing height 50 Y

ZIMAXW Maximum overwater mixing height 4500 Y WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value IRHPROG 3D relative humidity form observation or from MM5 0 Y Use RH from SURF.DAT file ITPROG 3D temperature from observations or from MM5 1 N Use Surface stations and Use MM5/3D for Upper Air IRAD Type of interpolation 1 Y TRADKM Temperatur e interpolation radius of influence 500 N WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value NUMTS Maximum number of station for temperature interpolation 5 Y

IAVET Spatially average temperatures 1 Y

TGDEFB Temperature gradient below mixing height over water -0.0098 Y

TGDEFA Temperature gradient above mixing height over water -0.0045 Y

JWAT1 Beginning land use categories over water 55 n/a WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value JWAT2 Ending land use categories for water 55 n/a WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value

# CALMET Control File Inputs

B-6 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Agreement with Default Comments

NFLAGP Precipitation interpolation flag 2 Y

SIGMAP Radius of influence for precipitation interpolation 100 Y

CUTP Minimum precipitation rate cutoff (mm/hr) 0.01 Y

INPUT GROUP: 7 Surface meteo rological station parameters See Appendix A INPUT GROUP: 8 Upper air meteo rological station parameters Upper Air Stations Not Used INPUT GROUP: 9 Precipita tion station parameters See Appendix A

### C 4/13/2007 

# Appendix C CALPUFF Control File Inputs

# CALPUFF Control File Inputs

C-1 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Default Comments

INPUT GROUP 1: General run control parameters METRUN Control parameter for running all periods in met. File (0=no; 1=yes) 0 Y

IBYR Starting year of the CALPUFF

run 2001 n/a 2002 and 2003 are the other years modeled IBMO Starting month 1 n/a IBDY Starting day 1 n/a IBHR Starting hour 0 n/a XBTZ Base time zone 7 n/a Mountain Standard Time IRLG Length of the run (hours) 8736 n/a NSPEC Total number of species modeled 11 5

NSE Number of species emitted 7 3 METFM Meteorological data format 1 Y CALMET unformatted file AVET Averaging time (minutes) 60.0 Y PGTIME Averaging time (minutes) for PG

- σ y 60.0 Y

INPUT GROUP 2: Technical options MGAUSS Control variable determining the vertical distribution used in the near field 1 Y Gaussian

MCTADJ Terrain adjustment method 3 Y Partial plume path adjustment MCTSG CALPUFF sub-grid scale complex terrain module (CTSG) flag 0 Y CTSG not modeled

MSLUG Near-field puffs are modeled as elongated “slugs”? 0 Y No

MTRANS Transitional plume rise modeled? 1 Y Transitional plume rise computed

MTIP Stack tip downwash modeled? 1 Y Yes MBDW Method used to simulate building downwash? 1 Y ISC. However, building downwash not used. MSHEAR Vertical wind shear above stack top modeled in plume rise? 0 Y No

MSPLIT Puff splitting allowed? 0 Y WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value MCHEM Chemical mechanism flag 1 Y Transformation rates computed internally (MESOPUFF II scheme) MAQCHEM Aqueous phase transformation flag 0 Y Aqueous phase not modeled

MWET Wet removal modeled? 1 Y Yes MDRY Dry deposition modeled? 1 Y Yes MDISP Method used to compute dispersion coefficients 3 Y PG dispersion coefficients in RURAL & MP coefficients in urban areas MTURBVW Sigma-v/sigma-theta, sigma-w measurements used? - - Not used since MDISP = 3.

# CALPUFF Control File Inputs

C-2 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Default Comments

MDISP2 Backup method used to compute dispersion when measured turbulence data are missing - - Not used since MDISP = 3.

MROUGH PG sigma-y,z adj. for roughness? 0 Y No

MPARTL Partial plume penetration of elevated inversion? 1 Y Yes

MTINV Strength of temperature inversion 0 Y No

MPDF PDF used for dispersion under convective conditions? 0 Y No

MSGTIBL Sub-Grid TIBL module used for shoreline? 0 Y No

MBCON Boundary conditions (concentration) modeled? 0 Y No

MFOG Configure for FOG model output 0 Y No

MREG TEST options specified to see if they conform to regulatory values? 1 Y Checks made

INPUT GROUP 3: Species list CSPEC Species modeled SO2 SO4 NOX HNO3 NO3 PM8.00 PM4.25 PM1.88 PM1.25 PM0.813 PM0.625 n/a Modeled : All Emitted : SO2, NOx, SO4, PM8P00, PM4P25, PM1P88, PM1P25, PM0P813, PM0P625

Dry deposited : SO2(gas), SO4(particle), NOx(gas), HNO3(gas), NO3(particle), PM8P00(particle), PM4P25(particle), PM1P88(particle), PM1P25(particle), PM0P813(particle), PM0P625 (particle) (all but NOx are wet deposited also)

These particulate sizes are based on the NPS spreadsheet speciations INPUT GROUP 4: Map projection and grid control parameters PMAP Map projection LCC N Lambert conformal conic FEAST False Easting 0.0 Y FNORT False Northing 0.0 Y RLATO Latitude 40.0 N n/a RLONG Longitude 97.0 W n/a XLAT1 XLAT2 Matching parallel(s) of latitude for projection 33N 45 N n/a n/a DATUM Datum region for the coordinates NWS-84 N

NX NY Meteorological grid : No. X grid cells in meteorological grid 216 216 n/a

# CALPUFF Control File Inputs

C-3 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Default Comments

NZ No. Y grid cells in meteorological grid No. vertical layers in meteorological grid 10

DGRIDKM Grid spacing (km) 4 n/a ZFACE Cell face heights (m) 0,20, 100,200,35 0,500,750,1 000, 2000, 3000,4000, 5000 n/a

XORIGKM YORIGKM Reference coordinates of SW corner of grid cell (1,1) (km) -1368 -900 n/a

IBCOMP JBCOMP IECOMP JECOMP Computational grid: X index of LL corner Y index of LL corner X index of UR corner Y index of UR corner 1 75 192 216 n/a

LSAMP

IBSAMP JBSAMP IESAMP JESAMP MESHDN Logical flag indicating if gridded receptors are used X index of LL corner Y index of LL corner X index of UR corner Y index of UR corner Nesting factor of the sampling grid F

1 -

Y Receptors are only in the Class I areas assessed

INPUT GROUP 5: Output options SPECIES Species (or group) list for output options 1 n/a Concentrations saved for SO2, SO4, NOx, HNO3, NO3, PM8.00 PM4.25, PM1.88, PM1.25, PM0.813, PM0.625 INPUT GROUP 6: Subgrid scale complex terrain (CTSG) inputs
NHILL Number of terrain features 0 Y NCTREC Number of special complex terrain receptors 0 Y

MHILL Terrain and CTSG receptor data for CTSG hills input in CTDM format? 0 n/a None input.

XHILL2M Factor to convert horizontal dimensions to meters 1 Y

ZHILL2M Factor to convert vertical dimensions to meters 1 Y

XCTDMKM X-origin of CTDM system relative to CALPUFF coordinate system, in Km 0 n/a

YCTDMKM Y-origin of CTDM system relative to CALPUFF coordinate system, in Km 0 n/a

# CALPUFF Control File Inputs

C-4 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Default Comments

INPUT GROUP 7: Chemical parameters for dry deposition of gases
SPECIES DIFFUSVTY ALPHA STR REACTVTY MESO RES HENRYS C Chemical parameters for dry deposition of gases - Y Y Y Y Y Y SO2; NOx; HNO3 0.1509 0.1656 0.1628 1000 1 1 8 8 18 0 5 0 0.04 3.5 8.0*E-8 INPUT GROUP 8: Size parameters for dry deposition of particles
SPECIES GEO. MASS MEAN DIA. GEO.STAND DEV. Single species: mean and standard deviation used to compute deposition velocity for NINT size-ranges; averaged to obtain mean deposition velocity. Grouped species: size distribution specified, standard deviation as “0”. Model uses deposition velocity for stated mean diameter. - n/a Species Diameter Std Dev. SO4 0.48 2 NO3 0.48 2 PM8.00 8.00 0 PM4.25 4.25 0 PM1.88 1.88 0 PM1.25 1.25 0 PM0.813 0.813 0 PM0.625 0.625 0

When modeling known diameters, used a standard deviation of zero. INPUT GROUP 9: Miscellaneous dry deposition parameters
RCUTR Reference cuticle resistance 30 Y RGR Reference ground resistance 10 Y REACTR Reference pollutant reactivity 8 Y NINT Number of particle-size intervals to evaluate effective particle deposition velocity 9 Y

IVEG Vegetation state in unirrigated

areas 1 Y

INPUT GROUP 10: Wet de position parameters
POLL LIQ PRECIP FRZ PRECIP Scavenging coefficients - Y Y Y Poll Liq Frz SO2 3E-5 0 SO4 1E-4 3E-5 NOx 0 0 HNO3 6E-5 0 NO3 1E-4 3E-5 PM8.00 1E-4 3E-5 PM4.25 1E-4 3E-5 PM1.88 1E-4 3E-5 PM1.25 1E-4 3E-5 PM0.813 1E-4 3E-5 PM0.625 1E-4 3E-5 INPUT GROUP 11: Chemistry parameters MOZ Ozone data input option 1 N Read hourly ozone conc. From the OZONE.DAT data file BCKO3 Monthly ozone concentrations 12*80 N WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value

# CALPUFF Control File Inputs

C-5 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Default Comments

BCKNH3 Monthly ammonia concentrations 12*1 N WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value RNITE1 Nighttime SO2 loss rate 0.2 Y RNITE2 Nighttime NOx loss rate 2.0 Y RNITE3 Nighttime HNO3 formation rate 2.0 Y MH2O2 H2O2 data input option - - MQACHEM = 0; not used BCKH2O2 Monthly H2O2 concentrations - - MQACHEM = 0; not used BCKPMF OFRAC VCNX Secondary Organic Aerosol options - - MCHEM = 1; thus, not used

INPUT GROUP 12: Misc. Dispersio n and computational parameters
SYTDEP Horizontal si ze of puff beyond which time-dependent dispersion equations (Heffter) are used. 550 Y

MHFTSZ Switch for using Heffter equation for sigma z as above 0 Y

JSUP Stability class used to determine plume growth rates for puffs above boundary layer 5 Y

CONK1 Vertical dispersion constant for stable conditions 0.01 Y

CONK2 Vertical dispersion constant for neutral/unstable conditions 0.1 Y

TBD Factor determining transitionpoint from Schulman-Scire to Huber-Snyder building downwash scheme 0.5 Y No building downwash used

IURB1 IURB2 Range of land use categories for which urban dispersion is assumed 10 19 Y Y METFM=1; not used

ILANDUIN Land use category for modeling domain - - METFM=1; not used

ZOIN Roughness length (m) for modeling domain - - METFM=1; not used

XLAIIN Leaf area index for modeling domain - - METFM=1; not used

ELEVIN Elevation above sea level - - METFM=1; not used XLATIN Latitude (degrees) for met location - - METFM=1; not used

XLONIN Longitude (degrees) for met location - - METFM=1; not used

ANEMHT Anemometer height (m) - - METFM=1; not used ISIGMAV Form of lateral turbulence data in PROFILE.DAT 1 Y Read sigma-v

IMIXCTDM Choice of mixing heights - - METFM=1; not used XMXLEN Maximum length of a slug 1 Y XSAMLEN Maximum travel distance of a puff/slug during one sampling step 1 Y

# CALPUFF Control File Inputs

C-6 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Default Comments

MXNEW Maximum number of slugs/puffs released from one source during one time step 99 Y

MXSAM Maximum number of sampling steps for one puff/slug during one time step 99 Y

NCOUNT Number of iterations used when computing the transport wind for a sampling step that includes gradual rise 2 Y

SYMIN Minimum sigma y for a new puff/slug 1 Y

SZMIN Minimum sigma z for a new puff/slug 1 Y

SVMIN SWMIN Default minimum turbulence velocities sigma-v and sigma-w for each stability class - Y A B C D E F .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .2 .12 .08 .06 .03 .016 CDIV Divergence cr iterion for dw/dz across puff used to initiate adjustment for horizontal convergence 0, 0 Y

WSCALM Minimum wind speed allowed for non-calm conditions. Used as minimum speed returned when using power-law extrapolation toward surface 0.5 Y

XMAXZI Maximum mixing height (m) 4500 N Top interface in CALMET simulation XMINZI Minimum mixing height (m) 50 Y

WSCAT Default wind speed classes - Y 1 2 3 4 5 1.54 3.09 5.14 8.23 10.80

PLXO Default wind speed profile power-law exponents for stabilities 1-6 - Y ISC RURAL A B C D E F .07 .07 .10 .15 .35 .55

PTGO Default potential temperature gradient for stable classes E, F (deg K/m) - Y 0.020; 0.035

PPC Default plume path coefficients for each stability class - Y A B C D E F .5 .5 .5 .5 .35 .35 SL2PF Slug-to-puff transitions criterion factor equal to sigma-y/length of slug 10 Y Puff Splitting not enabled

NSPLIT Number of puffs that result every time a puff is split 3 Y Puff Splitting not enabled

IRESPLIT Time of day when split puffs are eligible to be split once again; this is typically set once per day, around sunset before nocturnal shear develops - N Hour 17 = 1

Puff Splitting not enabled

ZISPLIT Split is allowed only if last hour’s mixing height (m) 100 Y Puff Splitting not enabled

# CALPUFF Control File Inputs

C-7 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Default Comments

exceeds a minimum value ROLDMAX Split is allowed only if ratio of last hour’s mixing ht to the maximum mixing ht experienced by the puff is less than a maximum value 0.25 Y Puff Splitting not enabled

NSPLITH Number of puffs that result every time a puff is split 5 Y Puff Splitting not enabled

SYSPLITH Minimum sigma-y of puff before it may be split 1 Y Puff Splitting not enabled

SHSPLITH Minimum puff elongation rate due to wind shear, before it may be split 2 Y Puff Splitting not enabled

CNSPLITH Minimum concentration of each species in puff before it may be split 1E-7 Y Puff Splitting not enabled

EPSSLUG Fractional convergence criterion for numerical SLUG sampling integration 1E-4 Y

EPSAREA Fractional convergence criterion for numerical AREA source integration 1E-6 Y

DSRISE Trajectory step-length (m) used for numerical rise integration 1 Y

HTMINBC Minimum height (m) to which BC puffs are mixed as they are emitted. Actual height is reset to the current mixing height at the release point if greater than this minimum 500 Y

RSAMPBC Search radius (in BC segment lengths) about a receptor for sampling nearest BC puff. BC puffs are emitted with a spacing of one segment length, so the search radius should be greater than 1 10 Y

MDEPBC Near-surface depletion adjustment to concentration profile used when sampling BC puffs? 1 Y Adjust concentration for depletion

INPUT GROUP 13: Poin t source parameters NPT1 Number of point sources with parameters - n/a See Table 2-2

IPTU Units used for point source emissions 1 N Grams/second

NSPT1 Number of source-species combinations with variable emissions scaling factors 0 Y

NPT2 Number of point sources with 0 n/a

# CALPUFF Control File Inputs

C-8 4/13/2007 Variable Description PNM Value Default Comments

variable emission parameters provided in external file INPUT GROUP 14: Area source parameters – Not used
INPUT GROUP 15: Line source parameters – Not used

INPUT GROUP 16: Volume so urce parameters – Not used
INPUT GROUP 17: Non-gridded (d iscrete) receptor information NREC Number of non-gridded receptors 4,358 n/a Arches 115 Bandelier 147 Black Canyon of the Gunnison 94

Canyonlands 506 Capitol Reef 363 Grand Canyon 351 Great Sand Dunes 195
La Garita 187 Maroon Bells Snowmass 262

Mesa Verde 312 Pecos 321 Petrified Forest 144
San Pedro Parks 247

West Elk 261 Weminuche 744 Wheeler Peak 109

### D 4/13/2007 

# Appendix D National Park Service Receptors

# National Park Service Receptors

D-1 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-2 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-3 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-4 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-5 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-6 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-7 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-8 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-9 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-10 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-11 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-12 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-13 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-14 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-15 4/13/2007

# National Park Service Receptors

D-16 4/13/2007

### E 4/13/2007 

# Appendix E POSTUTIL Control File Inputs

# POSTUTIL Control File Inputs

E-1 4/13/2007 Variable Description Value Default Comments
INPUT GROUP 1: General run control parameters ISYR Starting Year 2001 n/a 2002 and 2003 also modeled ISMO Starting month 1 n/a IDY Starting day 1 n/a ISHR Starting hour 1 n/a NPER Number of periods to process 8736 n/a 2002=8736 hrs 2003=8736hrs NSPECINP Number of species to process from CALPUFF runs 11 n/a See list below

NSPECOUT Number of species to write to output file 9 n/a See list below

NSPECCMP Number of species to compute from those modeled 4 n/a

MDUPLCT Stop run if du plicate species names found? 0 Y

NSCALED Number of CALPUFF data files that will be scaled 0 Y

MNITRATE Re-compute the HNO3/NO3 partition for concentrations? 0 N Not Used

BCKNH3 Default ammonia concentrations used for HNO3/NO3 partition - N 12*1

INPUT GROUP 2: Species processing information ASPECI NSPECINP species will be processed - n/a SO2 SO4 NOX HNO3 NO3 PM8.00 PM4.25 PM1.88 PM1.25 PM0.813 PM0.625 ASPECO NSPECOUT species will be written - n/a SO2 SO4 NOX HNO3 NO3 PMC PMF (or SOIL) EC SOA

### F 4/13/2007 

# Appendix F CALPOST Control File Inputs

# CALPOST Control File Inputs

F-1 4/13/2007 Variable Description Value Default Comments
INPUT GROUP 1: General run control parameters METRUN Option to run all periods found in met files 1 Y Run all periods in CALPUFF data file ISYR Starting Year 2001 n/a 2002 and 2003 also modeled ISMO Starting month 0 n/a METRUN= 1; not used IDY Starting day 0 n/a METRUN= 1; not used ISHR Starting hour 0 n/a METRUN= 1; not used NHRS Number of hours to process 0 n/a METRUN= 1; not used NREP Process every hour of data? 1 Y Every hour processed ASPEC Species to process VISIB n/a Visibility processing ILAYER Layer/deposition code 1 Y CALPUFF concentrations A, B Scaling factors X(new) = X(old) *A + B 0, 0 Y

LBACK Add hourly background concentrations/fluxes? F Y

LG LD Gridded receptors processed? Discrete receptors processed? F T Y N Discrete receptors located only in the Class I areas assessed and are from NPS. LCT CTSG Complex terrain receptors processed? F Y

LDRING Report results by DISCRETE receptor RING? F Y

NDRECP Flag for all receptors after the last one assigned is set to “0” -1 Y As appropriate for Class I area being analyzed IBGRID JBGRID IEGRID JEGRID Range of gridded receptors -1 -1 -1 -1 Y When LG = T Entire grid processed if all =-1

NGONOFF Number of gridded receptor rows provided to identify specific gridded receptors to process 0 Y

RHMAX Maximum relative humidity (%) used in particle growth curve - N Not used for Method 6.

LVSO4 LVNO3 LVOC LVPMC LVPMF LVEC Modeled species to be included in computing light extinction T T T T T T Y Y N Y Y N LVBK Include BACKGROUND when ranking for TOP-N, TOP-50, and exceedence tables? T Y

SPECPMC SPECPMF Species name used for particulates in MODEL.DAT file PMC SOIL Y Y SPECPMC = PMC SPECPMF = SOIL EEPMC EEPMF Modeled particulate species 0.6 1.0 Y Y EEPMCBK Background particulate species 0.6 Y EESO4 EENO3 Other species 3.0 3.0 Y Y

# CALPOST Control File Inputs

F-2 4/13/2007 Variable Description Value Default Comments
EEOC EESOIL EEEC 4.0 1.0 10 Y Y Y LAVER Background extinction computation F Y MVISBK Method used for background light extinction 6 N WRAP BART Modeling Protocol Recommended Value. Compute extinction from speciated PM measurements. FLAG RH adjustment factor applied to observed and modeled sulfate and nitrate RHFAC Extinction coeffici ents for hygroscopic species (modeled and background). Monthly RH adjustment factors - n/a See Table 4-1 in this document

BKSO4 BKNO3 BKPMC BKOC BKSOIL BKEC Monthly concentrations of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, coarse particulates, organic carbon, soil and elemental carbon to compute background extinction coefficients - n/a See Table 4-2 in this document

BEXTRAY Extinction due to Rayleigh scattering (1/Mm) 10 Y

IPRTU Units for all output 1 Y grams/cubic meter L24HR Averaging time reported T n/a LTOPN Visibility: Top “N” table for each averaging time selected. T Y

NTOP Number of ‘Top-N’ values at each receptor selected (NTOP must be <=4) 4 Y