T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T G L O B E F I L L I N C O R P O R A T E D , a C a na di a n c orpor a t i on, P la in tif

f - A p p e lla n t, v. E L E M E N T S S P I R I T S , I N C ., aC a lif o rn ia c o rp o r a tio n ; K I M B R A N D I , a n in d iv idu a l, D efen d an t s - A p p el l ees. N o. 10- 56895 D . C . N o . 2 : 1 0 - c v - 0 2 0 3 4 - C B MPL A ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e C e n tr a l D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia C ons ue l o B . M a r s ha l l , S e ni orD i s tr i c tJudge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d M a y10, 2012 P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: W A R D L A W , P A E Z , an dR A W L IN S O N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. G l obe f i l l I nc orpor a t e d ( “ G l obe f i l l ” ) appe a l s the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s di s m i s s a l of its c la im a g a in s t E le m e n ts S p ir its , I n c . ( “E le m e n ts ” ) f o rtr a d e d r e s s in f

r in g e m e n t in 

# FI LED MA Y23 2 012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSG l ob ef i l l ’ s pendi ng m ot i on t o t ake j ud i ci al no t i ce of i t s tra dem ark 1 r e g is tr a tio n is d e n ie da s m o o t. 2 vi ol a t i on of

S e c t i on 43( a ) of

the L a nha m A c t , 15 U . S . C . § 1125( a ) . W e ha ve j uri sdi ct i on un der 28 U . S . C . § 1 29 1, and w e r ever se . 1 A. 1 . A rt i cu la t i o n o

f tra de dress.

“ T ra de dres s r ef

er s gener al l y t o the t ot al i m age, desi gn , and app earance of a p ro du ctan dm ay i n cl u d e featu res su ch as si ze, sh ap e, co l o r, co l o r co m b i n at i o n s, t exture or graphi cs . ” C l i ck s B i l l i ards v. Si

xs ho oter s, Inc. , 2 5 1 F .3 d1 2 5 2 , 1 2 5 7 ( 9 th C i r . 2001) ( quot a t i on m a rks om i tt e d) . G l obe f i l l ’ s S e c ond A m e nde d C om pl a i nt a lle g e dw ith s p e c if

ic ityth e e le m e n ts o f

th e tr a d e d r e s s it s e e k s to p r o te c t: “ab o ttle in th e s h ap e o f

ah u m a n s ku ll, in c lu d in g th e s ku ll its e lf , e y e s o c k e ts , c h e e kb o n e s , a ja w b o n e , an o s e s o c k e t, a n dte e th , a n din c lu d in g ap o u rs p o u t o n th e to p th e r e o f .” T hese el em ent s are partof the “ t ot al i m age, desi gn , and app earance” of the prod uct a n dth e r e f

o r e m a yc o n s titu te p r o te c tab le tr a d e d r e s s . 2. Fun ct i on al i t

y. W e typi ca l l y c on si der f ou r f ac t ors i n d et erm i ni ng w hether aprod uctfe ature i s f un ct i on al : “ (1) w hether the desi gn yi el ds a ut i l i t ar i an advant age, (2) w hether al t ernat i ve desi gn s are avai l abl e, (3) w hether a dv ert i si ng t ou t s the ut i l i t ar i an3

a d v a n t a g e s o f

th e d e s i g n , ( 4 ) a n dw h e th e rth e p a rt i c u l a rd e s i g n r e s u l t s f r o m a com para t i vel y s i m pl e or i nexp ensi ve m etho d o f m anufacture. ” D is c G ol f A s s ’ n, Inc. v. Cha m

pi on D iscs, Inc. , 1 5 8 F . 3 d1 0 0 2 , 1 0 0 6 (9 th C i r. 1 9 9 8 ). A p p l yi n g th ese f a c t or s , the tr a de dr e s s e l e m e nt s G l obe f i l l de s c r i be d i n i t s ope r a t i ve c om pl a i nt cann otbe sa i d t o b e f

un ct i on al as a m att erof l aw . T he skul l desi gn i s ornam ent al a n ds e rv e s n o u tilita r ia n p u rp o s e ; a lte rn a tiv e b o ttle d e s ig n s a r e a v a ilab le in ab u n d an ce ; an du sin g th e d es ig n in cr ea se s, ra th erth an d ec re as es , G lo b ef il l’ s m a n u f a c tu r in g a n ds h ip p in g c o s ts . T he di s tr i c tc ourtr e l i e d on ourde c i s i on i n R achelv. B an an a R epub l i c, Inc. , 831 F . 2d 1503, 1505 ( 9th C i r . 1987) . B utthe tr a de dr e s s e l e m e nt s i n R a c h e l w er e e y e s , nos e s , a nd othe rphy s i c a l f e a tur e s w hi c h s e rve d the ut i l i t a r i a n purpos e of m aki ng the prod uct s a ti ss ue— l i fe l i ke ani m al re prod uct i on s— m ore r ea l i st i c. G lo b e f ill’s s ku ll- s h ap e db o ttle , b yc o n tr a s t, is ap u r e lyo rn a m e n ta l c o n ta in e rf o rits v o d k a , a n dw e h a v e r e

je c te dth e v ie w th a t s u c h f e a tu r e s c a n b e f

u n c tio n a l. See C l i c k s B i l l i ards , 251 F . 3d a t1260 ( “ [ T ] r a de dr e s s c a nnotbe both f unc t i ona l a nd pu re l y a es thet i c. . . . O rnam ent al ae sthet i c des i gn s are the ant i thesi s of ut i l i t ar i an desi gn s. ”) (i nt ernal qu ot at i on m arks and ci t at i on s om i tt ed).4 B. G l obe f i l l ’ s S e c ond A m e nde d C om pl a i nta s s e rt e d as i ngl e c aus e of a c t i on: u n fai r co m p et i t i o n an dfal se d esi g n at i o n o f o ri g i n i n th e n atu re o f trad e d ress in f r in g e m e n t in v io la tio n o f S e c tio n 4 3 ( a ) o f

th e L a n h a m A c t. T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt, h o w ev er, treat edth e co m p l ai n tas assert i n g tw o cl ai m s— o n e fo r trad e d ress i nfri ng em ent , and o ne for “ fa l se desi gn at i on of ori gi n. ” T hese cl ai m s are c o te rm in o u s a n da r e g o v e rn e db ya n id e n tic a l le g a l s ta n d a r d . See T w o P es os, Inc. v. T aco C ab an a, Inc. , 5 0 5 U .S . 7 6 3 , 7 8 0 ( 1 9 9 2 ) . G lo b e f ill’s c o m p la in t s u f

f ic ie n tly s ta te s ac la im f

o ru n f a irc o m p e titio n u n d e rth e L a n h a m A c t. H a vi ng de t e rm i ne d tha tG l obe f i l l f a i l e d t o a l l e ge ac l a i m f

orr e l i e f unde rthe L anham A ct , the di stri ctcourtdeni ed G l ob ef i l l ’ s m ot i on for aprel i m i nary i nj un ct i on . B ec ause the di stri ctcourtdi d n ototherw i se det erm i ne w hether i nj unc t i ve r e l i e f

w a s w a rr a nt e d, orof

f e ra nyothe rr e a s on f

orde ny i ng the m ot i on, w e r e m a n dth is is s u e to th e d is tr ic t c o u rt to a d d r e s s in th e f ir s t in s ta n c e . See Fe d . R. C iv . P . 5 2 ( a ) ( 2 ) . RE V E RS E D a nd RE MAND E D f orc ons i de r a t i on of

G l obe f i l l ’ s m ot i on f

or apr e l i m i na ryi nj unc t i on.