30 technicians of different skills from the Hsien Hospital and 45 graduates
of universities and secondary technical schools had been sent to the commune
infirmaries. Moreover medical personnel of the commune infirmaries were
rotated to receive training at the Hsien Hospital, or medical personnel from
the hospital would go to the commune infirmaries to give technical guidance.
In the recent years, the Hsien Hospital has trained 93 persons for the com-
mune infirmaries in the fields of internal medicine, surgery, gynaecology,
radiology, laboratory work, and anesthesia, thus greatly improving the tech-
nical level of the commune infirmaries. At present, there are 13 commune
infirmaries in the hsien which could perform abdominal surgery, emergency
treatment of wounds, difficult birth and sterilization surgery. Every com-
mune infirmary also considers the strengthening and development of the co-
operative medical services and the training of barefoot doctors as its im-
portant task. They regularly send medical personnel to the basic levels to
investigate and do research, to propagate Chairman Mao's revolutionary line,
and to help the brigades strengthen and develop the cooperative medical
services. They also conduct training classes by’ using the methods of "propa-
gation, assistance and apprenticeship" to train barefoot doctors for the
brigades. At present, each production brigade in the hsien has 2 to 3
barefoot doctors, which makes it unnecessary to go outside of the brigade
to seek treatment for common ailments.

Following Chairman Mao's instruction, this Hsien, during the process of de-
veloping the commune infirmaries, firmly relied on its own efforts in running
the infirmaries. After several years of effort, 15 commune infirmaries in
the hsien developed extensively. At present, they have more than 530 medical
personnel, 587 beds, and are equipped with such medical equipment as micro-
scopes, high-pressure sterilizers, and anesthesia machines. The role of the
commune infirmary in medical and public health work in the rural area is thus
brought into play.

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i


The Malicious Intent Behind the “Benevolent Government" Espoused
by the Followers of Confucius and Mencius as Revealed by
the Structure of and Funerary Objects in Chu T'an's tomb,
by a certain unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army

{Summary: Having taken part in the excavation of the
tomb of Chu T'an, the tenth son of Emperor T'ai Tsu
(x. 1368-1399), the authors set out to expose what
they regard as the evils of the Confucian concept of
“benevolent government." The structural complexity
of the tomb and its lavish furnishings are cited as
evidence of the exploitation of the working class by
the ruling class.]

The Reactionary Essence of "Restraining Oneself and Restoring the
Rites" as Attested by a Western Chou Bronze Li Vessel
Adorned with a Doorkeeper with Feet Cut Off, by Wang Wen-
ch'ang [3769 2429 2512]

{Summary: The author calls attention to a Western
Chou bronze vessel in the Palace Museum collection
adorned with a figure having no feet, which he be-
lieves represents a slave who had been punished by
having his feet cut off. The author in turn dis-
cusses the cruel treatment of slaves during the Chou
dynasty and simultaneously seeks to expose the hypoc-
risy behind slogans such as "restore oneself and
restore the rites," "benevolent government" and so

forth.]

The T'ai-p'ing Revolution and the Anti-Confucian Struggle, by Ch'i
Lung-wei [4359 7893 1218]

[Summary: The writer discusses the anti-Confucian
aspects of the T'ai-p'ing Rebellion. Attention is
focused on the struggle between Hung Hsiu-ch'uan,
the leader of the T'ai-p'ing movement, and Tseng
Kuo-fan, the chief defender of the system and the
Confucian tradition.]

An Example of a Landlord's Settling of Old Accounts as a Means of
Counterattack after the Failure of the T'ai-p'ing Revolu-
tion--Lin Piao and Ch'en Po-ta's Theory of "Mutual Affa-
bility" and Compromise" Refuted, by Chang Yu-yi [4545 2589
5030]

[Summary: An analysis of the patterns of debt re-
payment recorded in a landlord's account book, cover-
ing the period 1847-1885. The author attempts to



Publication Data

Published by: Kwangtung People's Publishing House (Jen-min Ch'u-pan She
(0086 3046 0427 3652 4357)

Distributed by: Kwangtung Hsin-hua Shu-tien (2450 5478 2579 1648)
Printed by: Kwangtung Hsin-hua (2450 5478) Printing Factory
First edition: 1 June 1972

First printing: 1 June 1972

8480
cso: 3700



Notes on the "San Wu Shui Li Pien Lan," A Ming Dynasty Treatise on
Water Conservancy Found at Li County, Szechwan Province, by
Chang Hsun-liao [1728 8113 3598]

[Summary: A description and discussion of a Ming
Dynasty work on water conservancy in the T'ai-hu
Lake region which had long since been lost prior to
its discovery in a tomb excavated in the vicinity
of the Hsieh-ch'eng commune in Li County, Szechwan
Province in 1963.]

Sung Dynasty Silver Plates Discovered in a Vault at the Wei-ch'eng
Commune, Mien-yang County, Szechwan Province

[Summary: A description of five silver plates dating
from the Sung Dynasty which were discovered by the
members of the first brigade and first production
team of Wei-ch'eng commune while repairing a dam in
January 1971.]

cso: 3500

72

78



show that these patterns reflect the landlord's
vindictive attitude toward his debtors, thereby
negating traditional notions of “mutual affability"
and "compromise" allegedly espoused by Ch'en Po-ta
and Lin Piao.]

Criticism of the Reactionary Ideological System in Chu Hsi's
"Collected Annotations on the Four Books," by Li Hsueh-
ch'in [2621 1331 0530]

[Summary: The author examines selected philosophical
tenets imparted in Chu Hsi's "Collected Annotations
on the Four Books," particularly with respect to the
“laws of Heaven" and "the doctrine of the Mean." The
author charges that Chu Hsi's intent was to preserve
the old order by shackling the spirit of the masses.
Lin Piao is criticized for having espoused similar
ideas.]

Liu Tsung-yuan's Spirit of Revering the Legalist School and Opposing
the Confucian School--Notes on "The Collected Writings of Liu
Tsung-yuan," by Pien Hsiao-hsuan [0593 1321 5503]

[Summary: The writer discusses the anti-Confucian
elements found in the writings of Liu Tsung-yuan
(773-819 A.D.) and argues that Liu at heart was a
legalist and materialist who stood firmly opposed
to Confucian ideology, despite his having been a
philosopher of the feudalistic landlord class.]

Slanderous Statements Against the Archaeological Work in the Nan-
king District Cannot be Tolerated--Criticism of the Anti-
China Falsehoods Spread by Antonioni, by the Mass Criticism
Group of the Nanking City Cultural Relics Management Com-

mittee

[Summary: A paper written in criticism of what the
writers regard as being offensive comments made by
M. Antonioni in his film "China" when describing
the historical landmarks in the Nanking area.]

Eastern Han Stone Tablets Unearthed at Hsi-p'u, Pi County, Szechwan
Province, by Hsieh Yen-hsiang [6200 7159 5046]

[Summary: A discussion of two stone tablets unearthed
at the Hsi-p'u Commune in Pi County, Szechwan Province
in April 1966. One of the tablets carries a lengthy

epitaph dated 128 A.D. and the other district records.]



Nucleic acid is a large-molecule compound that is one of the main components
of the living organism. It is composed of many individual nucleotide units.
Some nucleotides have already given great results in applications in the food
industry and medicine. For instance, inosinic acid and uridylic acid are ef-
fective meat flavoring agents, which when added to ordinary monosodium gluta-
mate produce a marked increase in fresh meat flavor. Adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) is already an established medical product in our country, giving excel-
lent results in the treatment of hepatitis, muscular dystrophy and nephritis
and as an auxiliary drug in the treatment of the dangerously ill. Inosine

is very effective in the treatment of lung and heart disease and leukopenia.
Moreover, there are some nucleotide deriviatives that have an anti-cancer
effect and hence furnish cancer therapy with a new drug.

Besides its industrial and medical uses, nucleic acid will have wider and
wider applications in agriculture. Agriculture is the foundation of the
people's economy, and how we manage our agriculture is directly connected
with the implementation of the general strategic policy "prepare for war,
prepare for natural calamity, work for the people." Accordingly, the agri-
cultural application of nucleic acid inevitably attracts the close attention
of all concerned units. The mass-type scientific experimentation on the agri-
cultural applications of "702," the decomposition product of nucleic acid,
was begun in 1970 under the direction of our great leader Chairman Mao's
general policy of "grasp revolution, stimulate production," through the co-
operation of Peking and Shanghai scientific research units. After over a
year's experience, production-increasing effects were obtained on many crops
at different stages of development. To aid the broad revolutionary masses

to understand and grasp the laws of the production and application of "702"
and to further promote the development, consolidation and enhancement of this
movement, we have prepared this booklet, on the basis of production practice
and relevant data from the various localities, as a basic introduction for
all to the production and application of "702." Because our study of Marxism,
Leninism and Mao Tse-tung Thought is insufficient and our level of job com-
etence is low, it is inevitable that errors have been made in this book; we
request the broad mass of revolutionary readers to criticize and correct them.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1 The Chemical Structure and Nature of Nucleic Acid 1
Section 2 Nucleic Acid Content of Different Materials 6
Section 3 The Production of "702" 11
Section 4 Effective Constituents and Mode of Use of "702" 24
Section 5 Method of Assay of "702" 31

Section 6 Raw Materials for "702" in the Kwangtung Region and
Determination of Nucleic Acid Content of Product 42



JPRS 62835
27 August 1974

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE’S. REPUBLIC OF CHINA
No, 284

19980108 091

1


wild herbs. In 1973, the hsien planted 1700 hectares of more than 60 types
of medicinal herbs; 189 production brigades attained self-sufficiency and
320 production brigades achieved partial self-sufficiency in medicinal needs.

Many communes and teams in Yang-ku Hsien started local medicine manufac-
turing factories. At present, there are 190 local commune and team medi-
cine factories producing more than 140 different types of medicines. These
locally produced medicines are inexpensive, easy to use and are greatly
welcomed by the masses.

With the steady improvement of the cooperative medical services, a commune
member becoming ill is able to obtain timely medical attention. In the
spring of 1973, the son of Yang Chin-chu, member of Ching-yang-kang produc-
tion brigade of Chang-ch'iu Commune, developed acute enteritis. The bare-
foot doctors reached the patient promptly and proceeded with emergency treat-
ment which averted serious complication for the child. Yang Chin-chu with
tears in his eyes said emotionally: "If it had happened before the libera-
tion, the child's life would be lost to us. Now he can have a second chance
for life. It is all due to the results of cooperative medical services!"

With the continuous expansion of herbal medicine production, cooperative
medical services also improved. At the beginning, every member paid one
yuan per year to obtain the benefits of unlimited medical care and medi-
cines. Now, the cooperative medical service expenses of 370 brigades are
funded from the herbs collected by the members and from public welfare funds.
Their members are no longer required to pay fees. Members of other brigades
pay five chiao or two chiao per year. If the medical expenses of any member
is under 40 yuan, it would be absorbed by the brigade medical service; if

it was over 40 yuan, a major portion would be absorbed by the medical service
on the basis of stipulated ratios.

As the cooperative medical services continue to expand the rank and file of
barefoot doctors also rapidly increase. At present, the hsien has 1171 bare-
foot doctors, and 2941 public health personnel, providing an average of seven
medical personnel for each production brigade. These barefoot doctors have
more than one year of special training. They are able to diagnose and treat
common and polypathic illnesses; are familiar with Chinese and western medi-
cine and acupuncture therapy; and some can perform simple surgery. In addi-
tion to providing door to door medical services, they also participate in
productive labor. The barefoot doctors also keep health records of all the
commune members, conduct semi-annual physical examination of the member,
provide planned long term treatment for those members with chronic illnesses,
give scheduled vaccinations to the members, and supervise the members in
taking preventive medications against seasonal epidemics. Their efforts
reduced case incidence and the spread of many diseases.

8513
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SHANTUNG RURAL COOPERATIVE MEDICINE IMPROVING
Peking CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 7 May 74 p 4
[China Press dispatch Tsinan 6 May 74]

[Text] Cooperative medical services in Yang-ku Hsien, Shantung Province
have improved greatly. Everyone of the 560 production brigades in the hsien
has its own cooperative medical service. Minor injuries and illnesses can
now be handled by the team, and most sicknesses can be taken care of within
the village. Conditions of lack of medical care and shortage of medicines
in the backward rural areas have been rectified. The health of the people
has improved.

Yang-ku Hsien is located in the western plain of Shantung. Before the libera-
tion there was not a single hospital in the entire hsien. There were only

a few herb shops and 10 or so doctors concentrated in the municipal seat of
the hsien and some of the more populated towns. The rural areas had neither
medical care nor medicine. When the poor people became sick, the milder
cases would become worse on account of the lack of medical attention, and

the severe cases ended in death. In the 1942 epidemics of Cholera and
Kalaazar in Yang-ku Hsien the mortality rate numbered in the tens of thou-
sands.

After the liberation, especially since the Great Proletarian Cultural Revo-
lution, medical and public health services developed rapidly throughout the
hsien. At present, the number of medical personnel is 4700; this averages
out to 8.8 medical personnel per thousand people.

During the implementation of cooperative medical services, the Yang-ku Hsien
Communist Party Committee extensively motivated the masses to use maximum
effort to develop the mass movement to collect medicinal herbs. In 1973,
the production brigades in the hsien collected 110,000 catties of more than
100 types of wild herbs. Aside from being enough to meet the needs of the
cooperative medical services, a surplus of 32,000 catties was sold to the
state. Simultaneously with the collecting of wild herbs the production
brigades in the hsien also started the movement to transplant and propagate


SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF '702'

Canton "CH'I LING ERH TE SHENG-CH'AN YO YING-YUNG (The Production and
Application of "702") in Chinese 1972, 54 pp

[Publication data, table of contents, and foreword from book by the Shanghai-
Kwangtung "702" Cooperative Team, first edition 1 Jun 1972]

Foreword

The great victory of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution completely
smashed the renegade, traitor and scab Liu Shao-ch'i's counterrevolutionary
revisionist line of foreign slave philosophy, crawlism and experts running
agriculture, so that the countless revolutionary masses established their
socialist activism and were able to come fully into play, becoming the masters
of scientific experiment.

The broad masses of the people, poor and lower-middle peasants, revolutionary
cadres and revolutionary scientific and technical personnel of Kwangtung
province conscientiously studied the works of Chairman Mao, and in accordance
with Chairman Mao's great teaching that "the class struggle, the production
struggle and scientific experiment are the three great movements in setting

up a strong socialist state," carried on a big mass movement for scientific
farming, and actively pursued scientific experimentation on "702" (a decomposi-
tion product of nucleic acid); they achieved excellent results in its indus-
trial production and agricultural application, marking a new development of
the agricultural scientific experimentation mass movement.

The nucleic acid industry is a new industry dating from the 1960's. In addi-
tion to the great theoretical and philosophical significance of nucleic acid
research and production for the solution of the fundamental biological problem
of the origin of life, nucleic acid compounds give daily greater promise of
an unlimited future in industrial, agricultural and medical applications.

Our aim in studying, producing and using them is to make them better serve
the socialist revolution and socialist construction in our country.



POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF 'CULTURAL RELICS' JOURNAL, NO 4, 1974

Peking WEN-WU (Cultural Relics) in Chinese No 4, Apr 74, inside front cover

Contents Page

The Nature of the Past Reactionary Rulers in Worshipping Confucius
as Seen from the Evolution of the Confucian Temple, "Con-
fucius' Mansion" and the Cemetery of the "K'ung Family" at
Ch'u-fu County, Shantung Province, by Wei Chin [5898 0093] 1

[Summary: The writer reviews the importance attached
to the Confucian Temple and Confucius’ mansion and
family cemetery (san-k'ung 0005 1313) located at Ch'u-
fu, Shantung Province, by the members of the ruling
class over the centuries and seeks to reveal the
changes in attitude toward them which accompanied the
evolution of the landlord class from "real tigers to
paper tigers." Both Liu Shao-ch'i and Lin Piao are
subsequently attacked for having revered Confucius.
Liu is quoted as having said, "Confucius was great!
Confucius was great!" "The People's government should
make sacrifices to him as well."]

Eyewitness to History--The Crimes of Past Reactionaries in Advocat-
ing the Doctrines of Confucius and Mencius in Their Attempts
to Restore the Old Order as Revealed by the Confucian Temple,
“Confucius' Mansion" and the Cemetery of the "K'ung Family"
at Ch'u-fu County, Shantung Province, by Ch'ien Wei [0467 5898] 8

{Summary: After having visited the Confucian Temple
and Confucius' mansion and family cemetery located at
Ch'u-fu and interviewed the local inhabitants of the
area, the author seeks to expose what he deems is the
outright hypocrisy behind the Confucian slogans en-
graved on wooden and stone tablets placed about the
compound. Lin Piao and Liu Shao-ch'i are simultane-
ously rebuked for having espoused similar slogans.]



KWANGSI IMPLEMENTS 'PREVENTION AND TREATMENT' IN RURAL AREA
Peking CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 18 May 74 p 5
[China Press dispatch Nan-Ning 17 May 74]

[Text] Since this spring, every level of the public health service of
Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region further implemented Chairman Mao's policy
"in medical and health work, put the stress on the rural area," by organizing
many medical teams to go deep into the rural mountain areas to treat and pre-
vent diseases among the masses. According to incomplete statistics from
Nan-ning City and the three regions of Nan-ning, Kweilin, and Ch'in-Chou,
more than 1900 medical personnel were organized into 300 teams.

After a medical team reached a farming village, it would emphasize "the
importance of prevention, by conducting general physical examinations for
the masses and by actively carrying out preventive measures in coordina-
tion with local barefoot doctors and medical personnel. The team members
who reached the minority nationality Pan-t'ao Commune in T'ien-lin hsien,

in the mountain region organized and led the people into the mountains and
collected more than 1000 catties of herbs which they made into medicine.
The medicine was distributed door to door to the people for the prevention
and treatment of diseases. The health of the commune members improved
markedly. Since the beginning of the year, the workers' work attendance
rate rose above 98 percent, thus facilitating spring planting and produc-
tion. A team of ophthalmologists from the Second People's Hospital in
Nan-ning City went to Su-yu Commune in Yung-ning Hsien to treat and prevent
diseases. During a period of 3 months, the team treated more than 1000 cases
and performed over 300 eye operations in patients’ homes or in the fields.
The poor farmers said gratefully, "Chairman Mao sent the medical team to
treat us which shows his concern for us poor farmers. In the old society,
no one cared whether we were sick or not. In the new society, the party and
government are always concerned about every aspect of our welfare. There-
fore, we must improve production and produce more food to support the social-
ist revolution and reconstruction of our country."

12



NEW BOOK ON ACUPUNCTURE
Hong Kong HSIN WAN PAO in Chinese 23 May 74 p 6

[Book review of "Acupuncture, New Treatment Methods and Acupuncture
Anesthesia"]

[Text] Recently the Shanghai Publishing Company published a new book --
"Acupuncture, New Treatment Methods and Acupuncture Anesthesia." This
book was the product of close cooperation among the Chinese traditional
medical personnel. By adopting the strong points to overcome the weak
points many actual clinical experiments were carried out faithfully, and
the factual results were recorded and tested repeatedly. The final re-
sults were compared and analyzed, with western and traditional medical
practices and many new treatment methods were established. These new treat-
ment methods expanded and advanced the practice of acupuncture. This book
introduces new acupuncture practices for the treatment of common ailments
and acupuncture anesthesia which is based on the close relationship between
the meridians and the acupuncture points.

8531
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14



JPRS 62835

27 August 1974

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
No.. 284

ConTENTS

POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

Table of Contents of ‘Cultural Relics' Journal, No 4,
1974
(WEN-WU, Apr 74). ccccccceccecccccscccescccccccseeeeee

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

The Production and Application of '702'
("CH'I LING ERH TE SHENG-CH'AN YO YING-YUNG, 1972)...

Shantung Rural Cooperative Medicine Improving
(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 7 May 74)...ccccascccccccccceecs

Medicine and Public Health in Honan Lin Hsien
(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 11 May 74)... ..ccecccceecceeeees

Kwangsi Implements 'Prevention and Treatment’ in Rural
Area
(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 18 May 74). ccccescccccceeesceees

New Book on Acupuncture
(HSIN WAN PAO, 23 May 74).cscecscccsevccccccccncences

PaGE

10

12

14

-a- [III - cc - 80S & T]



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TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, No. 284

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The report contains political, sociological, economic, government, scientific

and technological information on China.

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MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN HONAN LIN HSIEN
Peking CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 11 May 74 p 7 & 8
[China Press dispatch Cheng-chou 10 May 74]

[Text] All levels of the party organization in Lin Hsien, Honan, following
Chairman Mao's instructions "in medical and health work, put the stress on
the rural area," by strengthening the building up of commune infirmaries,
has made possible the development of the medical health services in the vil-
lages.

The infirmary of each commune, under the leadership of the party committee,
organized the medical personnel to repeatedly study Chairman Mao's relevant
instructions and criticize the antirevolutionary revisionist line of Liu Shao-
chi and Lin Piao, has enabled them to continuously raise their awareness of
the class struggle and line struggle.

The Jen-ts'un commune infirmary clearly understanding the direction of its
purpose, organized its medical personnel into teams to go at various inter-
vals into remote villages to provide faithful medical services for the pre-
vention and treatment of diseases among the poor lower and middle peasant.
In the last two years, these teams, carrying X-ray machines on their backs
and surgical equipment in their hands, diagnosed and treated more than 1,500
patients, X-rayed over 230 persons, and performed some 50 minor surgeries
among the poor lower and middle peasants who acclaimed that they are "good
doctors sent by Chairman Mao." The Ch'eng-kuan commune infirmary, realizing
the anxieties of the poor lower and middle peasants, instituted daily 24-
hour outpatient clinics to treat patients whenever they arrive. This was
enthusiastically welcomed by the poor lower and middle peasants.

The various levels of Lin Hsien Party Committee emphasized the importance
of strengthening the guidance of the commune infirmaries by specially
transferring a group of cadres to augment the leadership of the commune
infirmaries. At the same time, overall plans and uniform arrangements were
made for the training and assignments of the technical backbone force for
the commune infirmaries. Since the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,

10



The medical teams helped the various rural regions to strength and develop
their medical cooperative systems, and also trained barefoot doctors and
public health personnel. The itinerant medical personnel who went to Lo-yu
Commune in Wu-ming hsien studied Chairman Mao's instruction concerning public
health work together with the party cadres and the masses, publicized the
merits of cooperative medical services and criticized the Lin Piao anti-party
clique's crime of attacking and sabotaging the socialist new-born things under
the guidance of the commune party committee, thereby strengthening and im-
proving the cooperative medical services of the production brigades. The
medical team of Yung-fu hsien organized three training classes for the
Lung-chiang Commune in the mountain which trained 130 barefoot doctors and
public health personnel, thus effectively promoted the development of the
local health services.

8531
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13