CHAPTER 7. ENERGY USE ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

7.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 AVERAGE ANNUAL ENERGY USE EQUATION FOR DEHUMIDIFIERS ............ 7-1

7.3 INPUTS TO AVERAGE ANNUAL ENERGY USE ..................................................... 7-2

7.3.1 Capacity and Efficiency ................................................................................................... 7-2

7.3.2 Energy Use for Operating Modes .................................................................................... 7-3

7.3.2.1 Power for Dehumidification Mode ................................................................ 7-3

7.3.2.2 Fan-Only Mode Power and Standby/Off Mode Power .................................. 7-3

7.3.3 Fractions of Operating Hours by Mode ........................................................................... 7-4

7.3.3.1 Fraction of Operating Hours in Dehumidification Mode .............................. 7-4

7.4 ENERGY USE BY EFFICIENCY LEVEL AND PRODUCT CLASS .......................... 7-7

7.5 VARIABILITY OF ANNUAL DEHUMIDIFIER ENERGY USE ................................ 7-9

7.5.1 Monthly Dehumidifier Usage ........................................................................................ 7-10

7.5.2 Applications of Whole-Home Dehumidifiers ................................................................ 7-11

7.5.3 Annual Monthly Use ...................................................................................................... 7-11

7.6 LINKING RECS HOUSEHOLDS TO CLIMATE PARAMETERS ............................ 7-11

7.6.1 Derivation of Outdoor Air Temperatures ...................................................................... 7-12

LIST OF TABLES

Table 7.3.1 Efficiency Levels for Various Dehumidifier Capacities ...................................... 7-3

Table 7.3.2 Standby/Off Mode and Fan-Only Mode Power Consumption by 

Dehumidifier Type ............................................................................................... 7-4

Table 7.3.3 Data on Annual Dehumidification Mode Hours .................................................. 7-5

Table 7.3.4 Fractions of Hours for Whole-Home Dehumidifiers Operated in Different 

Modes ................................................................................................................... 7-7

Table 7.4.1 Portable Dehumidifiers ≤20.00 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level ................................................................................................... 7-7

Table 7.4.2 Portable Dehumidifiers 20.01–30.00 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level ................................................................................................... 7-8

Table 7.4.3 Portable Dehumidifiers 30.01–35.00 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level ................................................................................................... 7-8

Table 7.4.4 Portable Dehumidifiers 35.01–45.00 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level ................................................................................................... 7-8

Table 7.4.5 Portable Dehumidifiers >45 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by Efficiency 

Level .................................................................................................................... 7-9

Table 7.4.6 Whole-Home Dehumidifiers ≤ 8.0 ft3 Case Volume: Annual Energy Use 

by Efficiency Level .............................................................................................. 7-9

7-i 
Table 7.4.7 Whole-Home Dehumidifiers >8.0 ft3

 Case Volume: Annual Energy Use 

by Efficiency Level .............................................................................................. 7-9

Table 7.5.1 Dehumidifier Use by Range of Months ............................................................. 7-11

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 7.5.1 Percent of Households that Have Dehumidifiers by Region and Presence 

of Basement ....................................................................................................... 7-10

7-ii
CHAPTER 7. ENERGY USE ANALYSIS

7.1 INTRODUCTION

To perform the life-cycle cost and payback period calculations described in chapter 8 of 

this preliminary analysis technical support document (TSD), DOE needed to determine the 

savings in operating costs that consumers would derive from more efficient products. DOE used 

consumer energy use data, along with energy prices, to develop the energy cost component of 

consumer operating costs determined in chapter 8 of the preliminary TSD. (Maintenance and 

repair costs are the other contributors to operating costs.) This chapter describes how DOE 

determined the annual energy consumption of residential dehumidifiers. 

7.2 AVERAGE ANNUAL ENERGY USE EQUATION FOR DEHUMIDIFIERS 

 For the previous rulemaking regarding dehumidifiers, which went into effect in 2012, 

DOE based the annual energy use of a dehumidifier on the following equation. 

( )

Eff

CAP Hours

DEHENERGY

× × = 24

473.0

 Eq. 7.1

Where:

DEHENERGY = annual energy consumption of dehumidifier (kWh/year),

CAP = capacity of dehumidifier (pints/day),

0.473 = conversion factor for liters in a pint,

24 = number of hours in a day 

Hours = annual operating hours for dehumidifier, and 

Eff = dehumidifier efficiency (L/kWh). 

 The above equation estimates the annual energy consumption associated with a 

dehumidifier’s active mode, when the compressor operates. For the current rulemaking, DOE 

amended the above equation to accommodate three modes of dehumidifier operation: standby/off

mode, fan-only mode, and dehumidification (fan plus compressor) mode. 

The following equation calculates the annual energy use of dehumidifiers as the product 

of the annual hours of operation multiplied by the energy use and percentage of time spent in 

each operational mode. The capacity and energy efficiency of the dehumidifier are relevant while

the compressor is in operation. The energy used during standby mode and off mode is primarily 

for the display on the control panel and components on the control board, energy that is used 

during the other two modes as well.

7-1
( ) ( )



 





×+×+















×

×× ×



 



 = Fan Fan Stby Stby

Dehum

ENERGY X kW X kW

Eff

CAP X

Year

TotalHoursofUse DEH

24

473.0

Eq. 7.2 

Where:

DEHENERGY = annual energy consumption of dehumidifier (kWh/year),

Year

TotalHoursofUse = number of hours the dehumidifier is used per year (at >0 W),

CAP = dehumidifier capacity (pints of condensate removed/day),

0.473 = conversion factor for liters in a pint,

24 = number of hours in a day 

Eff = dehumidifier efficiency (liters of condensate removed/kWhDehum),

XDehum = fraction of time in dehumidification mode, 

XFan = fraction of time in fan-only mode, 

XStby = fraction of time in standby/off mode, 

kWDehum= kW of dehumidification mode, 

kWFan = kW of fan-only mode, and 

kWStby = kW of standby/off mode. 

Note:

24

473.0

×

××

Eff

Cap X Dehum = XDehum X kWDehum Eq. 7.3 

7.3 INPUTS TO AVERAGE ANNUAL ENERGY USE

 The expanded equation for calculating average annual energy use (Eq. 7.2) includes 

parameters for dehumidifier capacity and efficiency, as well as fractions of operating hours and 

power use in dehumidification, fan-only, and standby/off modes. 

7.3.1 Capacity and Efficiency

Values for capacity and efficiency, presented in Table 7.3.1, were obtained from the 

engineering analysis described in chapter 5 of the preliminary TSD. The average capacity sizes 

were determined from the tear-down process for the engineering analysis. See chapter 5 of the 

preliminary TSD for details.

7-2
Table 7.3.1 Efficiency Levels for Various Dehumidifier Capacities

Portable Whole-Home

≤20.00 

Pints/Day

20.01–

30.00 

Pints/Day

30.01–

35.00 

Pints/Day

35.01–

45.00 

Pints/Day

>45.00 

Pints/Day

≤8.0 ft3

Case 

Volume 

>8.0 ft3

Case 

Volume

Average 

Capacity 17.9 25 32.5 40 72.5 56.2 91.7 

Efficiency 

Level

Baseline 0.77 0.80 0.94 1.00 2.07 1.10 1.68

1 1.10 1.10 1.20 1.30 2.40 1.40 1.90

2 1.20 1.20 1.40 1.40 2.80 1.59 2.80

3 1.30 1.30 1.60 1.60 3.52 - 3.41

4 1.42 1.52 1.75 1.75 - - -

The next sections describe dehumidifier energy use and fraction of time spent in each

mode of operation. 

7.3.2 Energy Use for Operating Modes

For determining energy use, DOE defines three modes of dehumidifier operation. 

• Dehumidification mode: is the mode in which the dehumidifier performs its primary 

function of removing moisture from the air by using a fan to draw moist air over a 

refrigerated coil. 

• Fan-only mode: is when the fan circulates air without activating the compressor. 

• Standby mode: facilitates the initiation of active mode via remote switch, internal 

sensor, or timer, and/or provides continuous status display. 

• Off mode: is the mode in which the dehumidifier is connected to power but is not in 

dehumidification mode, fan-only mode, or standby mode.

7.3.2.1 Power for Dehumidification Mode

DOE calculated the power of the dehumidification mode (kWDehum) using the rated 

capacity and rated efficiency at each efficiency level for each product class. Calculating the 

dehumidification mode power in this manner assumes that it is the same at all temperatures and 

relative humidities, which may not be the case. The efficiency and capacity values were 

measured using a temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and humidity set point of 60 percent, 

as stipulated in the current test procedure for dehumidifiers. 

7.3.2.2 Fan-Only Mode Power and Standby/Off Mode Power

Two recent field studies1

,

2 (Willem et al., 2013a, 2013b) measured energy use in three 

operating modes for both portable and whole-home dehumidifiers. Because DOE found no other 

7-3
studies that disaggregated energy use by mode, DOE used the values reported in the Willem 

studies (see Table 7.3.2). The studies’ authors observed no relationship between the capacity of a 

portable dehumidifier and its fan-only mode or standby/off mode energy use.

Table 7.3.2 Standby/Off Mode and Fan-Only Mode Power Consumption by 

Dehumidifier Type 

Mode Portable (W) Whole-Home (W)

Min Median Max Min Median Max

Standby/Off 0.3 1.0 12.3 2.6 3.1 4.2

Fan-only 21.4 51.2 80.9 131 146 158

Source: Willem et al., 2013a, 2013b.

7.3.3 Fractions of Operating Hours by Mode

 A dehumidifier uses energy when the compressor is operating to remove moisture from 

the air. When the compressor is not operating, the dehumidifier may use energy for a fan-only 

mode that circulates air through the unit to sample the ambient relative humidity and to defrost 

the condenser coils. When neither the fan nor the compressor is operating, energy is used for 

standby mode or off mode power for functions such as keeping a user panel lit. 

7.3.3.1 Fraction of Operating Hours in Dehumidification Mode

Table 7.3.3 summarizes information on annual dehumidification mode operating hours by 

portable and whole-home dehumidifiers derived from several studies and sources. Two of the 

studies utilized metered data from portable units. One study reports metered data for whole-home 

dehumidifiers. The other sources rely on power measurements and assumptions regarding usage

to estimate values for annual energy use. 

7-4
Table 7.3.3 Data on Annual Dehumidification Mode Hours 

Study/Source

Dehumidification Mode 

Operating Hours 

(For portable units unless noted)

Average Hours/Year

ADL (1998)3 1,620

AHAM (2005)4 1,095

ENERGY STAR fact sheet (2006)5 1,620

ENERGY STAR calculator (2006)6 2,851

The Cadmus Group, Inc. (2012)7 2,160

Willem (2013a) 

CCB 1,136

CCDD 1,078

NCCB 1,267

NCCDD 1,785

Willem (2013b) Whole-home 2,542

CCB = Climate controlled space, bucket 

catches dehumidifier condensate. 

CCDD = Climate controlled space, 

dehumidifier has a direct drain.

NCCB = Non-climate controlled space, 

bucket catches dehumidifier condensate. 

NCCDD = Non-climate controlled space, 

dehumidifier has a direct drain.

The reports and studies are listed from oldest to most recent. The study by The Cadmus 

Group based annual average dehumidification mode hours on several months of metered data, 

extrapolating from those to an entire year. The second study that metered portable units (Willem

et al., 2013a) estimated operating hours by correlating outside vapor density with compressor 

use. The Willem study (2013a) found energy use depended on two factors: (1) whether the room 

in which the dehumidifier operated was climate controlled, and (2) how the condensate was 

removed (i.e., manually by emptying a bucket, or via a direct drain). The following sections 

describe annual dehumidification mode energy use for units operating in climate-controlled 

versus non-climate controlled spaces and for the method of condensate removal. 

Portable Units— Minutes per Hour in Dehumidification Mode 

 Four equations from Willem et al. (2013a, 2013b) correlate compressor run time with

outdoor vapor density. Although individual dehumidifiers may differ greatly from the models, 

the equations describe, on average, the manner in which large numbers of dehumidifier units 

would operate. 

 Equation for climate-controlled dehumidifiers with bucket: 

7-5
CC(B)Compressor Run Time �

mins

hour�

= (0.4141 ∗ VDout + 28.729) ∗ (−0.0005 ∗ VDout

2 − 0.0246 ∗ VDout

+ 0.7264)

 Equation for climate-controlled, direct-drain dehumidifiers:

CC(DD)Compressor Run Time �

mins

hour�

= (−0.4966 ∗ VDout + 46.463) ∗ (−0.0032 ∗ VDout

2 + 0.1239 ∗ VDout

+ 0.4914)

 Equation for non-climate controlled dehumidifiers with bucket: 

NCC(B)Compressor Run Time �

mins

hour�

= (−0.1186 ∗ VDout + 49.389) ∗ (−0.0011 ∗ VDout

2 + 0.016 ∗ VDout

+ 0.4091)

 Equation for non-climate controlled, direct-drain dehumidifiers:

NCC(DD)Compressor Run Time �

mins

hour�

= (1.5535 ∗ VDout + 27.778) ∗ (−0.0013 ∗ VDout

2 + 0.0265 ∗ VDout

+ 0.5783)

Where: 

VDout = vapor density. 

Portable Units—Fraction of Hours in Fan-only Mode 

Willem et al., 2013a, predicted fan-only run time as a function of dehumidification mode 

time. The following equation describes that relationship as applied to a large data set. The 

equation is not meant to be representative of individual dehumidifier units because fan use can 

vary widely among dehumidifiers. 

Fan Run Time �

mins

hour� = (.2518) ∗ (−0.0265 ∗ tDehum

2 + 1.6385 ∗ (tDehum) − 6.1693)

Where;

tDehum = time in dehumidification mode (

mins

hour)

Portable Units— Fraction of Hours in Standby/Off Mode 

 DOE determined the amount of time in standby/off mode by subtracting both the 

compressor and the fan-only run times from the total time of dehumidifier use. 

7-6
Whole-Home Units— Fraction of Hours in Fan-only and Standby/Off Modes 

The small sample size in the whole-home dehumidifier study made it impossible to 

correlate vapor density to compressor use (Willem et al., 2013b). The authors were, however, 

able to develop time fractions for all operating modes. DOE used the average amount of time a 

dehumidifier operated during a 24-hour period. As shown in Table 7.3.4, the compressors in the 

whole-home dehumidifiers in the study did not operate all day long. 

Table 7.3.4 Fractions of Hours for Whole-Home Dehumidifiers Operated in Different 

Modes 

Mode

Percent of Operating 

Hours (%)

Mean

Dehumidification 29

Fan-only 8

Standby/Off 0.5

7.4 ENERGY USE BY EFFICIENCY LEVEL AND PRODUCT CLASS

DOE calculated the annual energy use for the seven product classes of dehumidifiers 

based on the assumptions and findings presented in Section 7.3. To calculate annual energy use, 

DOE used Eq. 7.2 in section 7.2 and assumed an average of 5.2 months of annual usage for 

portable dehumidifiers and 5.6 months of annual usage for whole-home dehumidifiers. 

Efficiencies are given in terms of integrated energy factor, which divides the amount of 

condensate removed divided by a sum of energy use in dehumidification, fan-only, and 

standby/off modes. 

Table 7.4.1 Portable Dehumidifiers ≤20.00 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by Efficiency 

Level

Level Integrated Energy Factor 

(L/kWh)

Annual Energy Use* 

(kWh/year) 

Baseline 0.77 632.9

1 1.10 448.5

2 1.20 412.6

3 1.30 382.3

4 1.42 351.5

* Capacity = 17.9 pints/day; annual usage = 3,799 hours; XDehum = 35.3%; XFan

= 6.5%; XStby = 58.2%, WFan = 65 W; WStby = 1 W.

7-7
Table 7.4.2 Portable Dehumidifiers 20.01–30.00 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level

Level Integrated Energy Factor

(L/kWh)

Annual Energy Use*

(kWh/year)

Baseline 0.80 844.5

1 1.10 619.2

2 1.20 569.1

3 1.30 526.7

4 1.52 453.1

* Capacity = 25 pints/day; annual usage = 3,799 hours; XDehum = 35.3%; XFan = 

6.5%; XStby = 58.2%, WFan = 65 W; WStby = 1 W.

Table 7.4.3 Portable Dehumidifiers 30.01–35.00 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level

Level Integrated Energy Factor

(L/kWh)

Annual Energy Use*

(kWh/year) 

Baseline 0.94 932.5

1 1.20 734.4

2 1.40 632.1

3 1.60 555.3

4 1.75 509.3

* Capacity = 32.5 pints/day; annual usage = 3,799 hours; XDehum = 35.3%; XFan = 

6.5%; XStby = 58.2%, WFan = 65 W; WStby = 1 W.

Table 7.4.4 Portable Dehumidifiers 35.01–45.00 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level

Level Integrated Energy Factor

(L/kWh)

Annual Energy Use*

(kWh/year) 

Baseline 1.00 1075.9

1 1.30 831.8

2 1.40 773.7

3 1.60 679.3

4 1.75 622.6

* Capacity = 40 pints/day; annual usage = 3,799 hours; XDehum = 35.3%; XFan = 

6.5%; XStby = 58.2%, WFan = 65 W; WStby = 1 W.

7-8
Table 7.4.5 Portable Dehumidifiers >45 Pints/Day: Annual Energy Use by Efficiency 

Level

Level Integrated Energy Factor

(L/kWh)

Annual Energy Use*

(kWh/year) 

Baseline 2.07 944.3

1 2.40 817.0

2 2.80 702.9

3 3.52 562.8

* Capacity = 72.5 pints/day; annual usage = 3,799 hours; XDehum = 35.3%; XFan = 

6.5%; XStby = 58.2%, WFan = 65 W; WStby = 1 W.

Table 7.4.6 Whole-Home Dehumidifiers ≤ 8.0 ft3 Case Volume: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level

Level Integrated Energy Factor

(L/kWh)

Annual Energy Use*

(kWh/year) 

Baseline 1.10 1250.3

1 1.40 994.3

2 1.59 882.1

* Capacity = 56.2 pints/day; annual usage = 4,091 hours; XDehum = 29%; XFan

=8%; XStby = 63%; WFan = 146 W; WStby = 3.08 W.

Table 7.4.7 Whole-Home Dehumidifiers >8.0 ft3 Case Volume: Annual Energy Use by 

Efficiency Level

Level Integrated Energy Factor 

(L/kWh)

Annual Energy Use*

(kWh/year)

Baseline 1.68 1331.9

1 1.90 1184.1

2 2.80 821.4

3 3.41 684.5

* Capacity = 91.7 pints/day; annual usage = 4,091 hours; XDehum = 29%; XFan

=8%; XStby = 63%; WFan = 146 W; WStby = 3.08 W.

7.5 VARIABILITY OF ANNUAL DEHUMIDIFIER ENERGY USE

The Energy Information Administration performs the Residential Energy Consumption 

Survey (RECS), collecting information for developing a national database of characteristics of a 

range of representative housing units, appliance usage patterns, and household demographics. 

The RECS reports on the presence of dehumidifiers in households and the amount of time the 

dehumidifiers are used. DOE used the 2009 version of RECS to determine the variability of 

dehumidifiers’ annual energy consumption. 

7-9
7.5.1 Monthly Dehumidifier Usage 

RECS 2009 questioned each household on two aspects of dehumidifier use: (1) ownership 

and (2) monthly use. Of the 12,083 household records contained in RECS 2009, 1621 indicate 

use of dehumidifiers, which represents 13.2 percent of the households nationwide. RECS 2009

provides five categories for how long a household’s dehumidifier is in use (plugged in): 1 to 3, 4 

to 6, 7 to 9, 10 to 11, or 12 months. 

 Of the 1,621 households that use dehumidifiers, most are located in the Northeast or 

upper Midwest regions of the country. RECS 2009 disaggregates the households that have 

dehumidifiers into 10 regions based on the 10 Census divisions. Within each region, the data 

further show the percentages of households that do and do not have basements. The RECS data 

seem to confirm conventional wisdom that dehumidifiers are used primarily in basements (76 

percent of dehumidifiers are in households that have basements). Figure 7.5.1 shows both where 

the households that have dehumidifiers are located geographically, and where in the house the 

dehumidifier is located. The blue bars show that of all the census divisions, the East North 

Central has the highest percentage of dehumidifiers (30 percent). The red and green bars show 

the percentage of homes having basement dehumidifiers within any one census division. More 

than 90 percent of the households that have a dehumidifier in the West North Central census 

division locate it in the basement.

Figure 7.5.1 Percent of Households that Have Dehumidifiers by Region and Presence of 

Basement 

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

New England Mid-Atlantic East North 

Central

West North 

Central

South Atlantic East South 

Central

West South 

Central

Mountain 

North

Mountain 

South

Pacific

with Dehumidifier Basement No Basement

7-10
7.5.2 Applications of Whole-Home Dehumidifiers 

 Although RECS itself does not distinguish between dehumidifier types, RECS variables 

can be used to approximate which households use portable dehumidifiers, and which use wholehome dehumidifiers. DOE assumed that households use whole-home dehumidifiers if they: 

• are located in the Northeast, Midwest, or South Census regions; 

• are located in the Building America Climate region categorized as “mixed humid”; 

• are single-family homes, either attached or detached; 

• have a basement,

• have a central air conditioner, and

• have duct work. 

7.5.3 Annual Monthly Use

RECS collected data on annual use aggregated into monthly ranges. Table 7.5.1 shows 

the weighted number of households in each group of months. The maximum number in each 

range was used to more closely approximate the usage assumptions in DOE’s dehumidifier test 

procedure. 

Table 7.5.1 Dehumidifier Use by Range of Months

Use Range Portable Whole-Home

Months Record 

Count Households Record Count Households

1–3 708 6,479,451 6 58,569

4–6 492 4,456,581 9 99,188

7–9 116 1,056,969 2 23,390

10–11 36 382,792 -- --

12 249 2,414,801 3 32,862

Total 1,601 14,790,595 20 214,009

7.6 LINKING RECS HOUSEHOLDS TO CLIMATE PARAMETERS

 To apply dehumidifier energy use data from the Willem 2013a field study, DOE matched 

the locations of RECS households having portable dehumidifiers with those of National Climatic 

Data Center (NCDC) weather stations. The match enabled DOE to include, for each RECS 

household, vapor density, hourly temperature and relative humidity parameters that could be 

used to estimate portable dehumidifier operation and energy use for the RECS household sample. 

See appendix 7B for more details.

7-11
7.6.1 Derivation of Outdoor Air Temperatures

RECS 2009 reports both heating and cooling degree-days at a base temperature of 65 °F 

for each housing record, but provides no monthly data or humidity data. To obtain more precise 

temperature information for the households in the RECS sample, DOE assigned a physical 

location to each RECS household. DOE took the following steps.

1. There are 151 NCDC weather stations that provide hourly outdoor air temperatures and 

humidity. Those weather stations also provided the 2009 heating and cooling degree-days 

at a base temperature of 65 °F. The period covered by the 2009 heating and cooling 

degree-days from the weather stations matched the period used to determine degree-days 

in RECS 2009. 

2. DOE assigned each RECS household to one of the 151 weather stations by calculating 

which weather station (within the appropriate census region or large state) best matched 

the 2009 heating and cooling degree-days in the RECS data set.

 The following equation calculates the degree-day distance between the 2009 weather 

station data and RECS 2009 data.

DDD = �(HDD2 − HDD1)2 + (CDD2 − CDD1)2

Where:

DDD = degree-day distance,

HDD1 = heating degree-days from 2009 weather station data, 

HDD2 = heating degree-days from RECS 2009 data,

CDD1 = cooling degree-days from 2009 weather station data, and 

CDD2 = cooling degree-days from RECS 2009 data.

DOE then took the following steps to develop energy use profiles for portable 

dehumidifiers in U.S. households. 

1. Used field-metered data from 2012 and 2013 paired with NCDC weather station data to 

determine the relationship between outdoor and indoor conditions and the time lag 

between them. 

2. Developed models to predict dehumidifier operation based on hourly (lagged) outdoor 

conditions. 

3. Used the models developed in step 2 and the NCDC weather data to estimate 

dehumidifiers’ hours of operation for RECS households. The dehumidifier’s relative 

humidity set point was not recorded for every field-metered dehumidifier. 

4. Calculated annual dehumidifier energy use for RECS households. 

7-12
REFERENCES

1 Willem, H., et al. 2013a. Using Field-Metered Data to Quantify Annual Energy Use of 

Residential Portable Unit Dehumidifiers. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, 

CA. Report LBNL-6469E. 

2 Willem, H., et al. 2013b. Field-Monitoring of Whole-Home Dehumidifiers: Initial Results of 

a Pilot Study. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. Report LBNL-6475E. 

3 Zogg, R., and D. Alberino. Electricity Consumption by Small End Uses in Residential 

Buildings: Final Report. 1998. Report to Office of Building Equipment, U.S. Department of 

Energy. Arthur D. Little, Cambridge, MA. 

4 Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM). 2006. AHAM Comments on 

Framework Document for Home Appliance Products. Docket Number EE-2006-STD-0127, 

RIN 1904-AB49. May 11. 

5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy. ENERGY STAR. 

Qualified Appliance Savings Fact Sheets, Inputs. 2006. (Accessed March 8, 2006.) 

<http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/manuf_res/SavingFactSheets_backup_calcs.pdf> 

6 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy. ENERGY STAR. 

Savings Calculator – Dehumidifiers (Assumptions). 2006. (Accessed March 8, 2006.) 

<http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=dehumid.pr_dehumidifiers> 

7 Mattison, L., and D. Korn. 2012. Dehumidifiers: A Major Consumer of Residential 

Electricity. The Cadmus Group, Inc. August. In ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in 

Buildings. 

7-13