# COORDINATING RESEARCH COUNCIL, INC.

3650 MANSELL ROAD · SUITE 140 · ALPHARETTA, GA 30022 

# CRC Report: ACES Phase 1

PHASE 1 OF THE ADVANCED COLLABORATIVE EMISSIONS STUDY

June 2009

### The Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (CRC) is a non-profit corporation supported by the petr oleum and automotive equipment industries. CRC operates thro ugh the committees made up of technical experts from industr y and government who voluntarily participate. The four main areas of research within CRC are : air pollution (atmospheric and engin eering studies); aviation fuels, lubricants, and equipment performa nce, heavy-duty vehicle fuels, lubricants, and equipm ent performance (e.g., diesel trucks); and light-duty vehicle fuels, lubric ants, and equipment performance (e.g., passenger cars). CRC’s function is to provide the mechanism for joint research conducted by the two industries that will help in determining the optimum combinat ion of petroleum products and automotive equipment. CRC’s work is limited to research that is mutually beneficial to the tw o industries involved, and all information is available to the public.

CRC makes no warranty expressed or implied on the application of information contained in this repor t. In formulating and approving reports, the appropriate committee of the Coordinating Research Council, Inc. has not investigated or considered patents which may apply to the subject matter. Pr ospective users of the report are responsible for protecting th emselves against liability for infringement of patents.

## Research described in th is report was conducted under contract to the Heath Effects Institute (HEI), and was made possible, in part, through support provided by the United Sta tes Department of Energy (DOE), under the terms of Contract/Award Number DE-AC26-05NT42429, and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The op inions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views of DOE or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers.

# PHASE 1 OF THE ADVANCED COLLABORATIVE EMISSIONS STUDY

FINAL REPORT

SwRI ® 

## Project No. 03.13062

Prepared for and Sponsored by:

Coordinating Research Council, Inc. 3650 Mansell Road, Suite 140 Alpharetta, GA 30022

Health Effects Institute 101 Federal Street, Suite 500 Boston, MA 02110

Funded by:

Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies Environmental Protection Agency Engine Manufacturers Association

California Air Resources Board

American Petroleum Institute Corning Inc. ArvinMeritor

Prepared by:

Imad A. Khalek, Program Manager Thomas L. Bougher, Research Engineer Patrick M. Merritt, Senior Research Scientist



## June 2009



# SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ®

SAN ANTONIO, TX ● HOUSTON, TX ● WASHINGTON, DC

# PHASE 1 OF THE ADVANCED COLLABORATIVE EMISSIONS STUDY

FINAL REPORT

SwRI ® 

## Project No. 03.13062

Prepared for and Sponsored by:

Coordinating Research Council, Inc. 3650 Mansell Road, Suite 140 Alpharetta, GA 30022

Health Effects Institute 101 Federal Street, Suite 500 Boston, MA 02110

June 2009

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

___________________________________ ___________________________________ Imad A. Khalek, Program Manager Jeff J. White, Director

EMISSIONS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

ENGINE, EMISSIONS AND VEHI CLE RESEARCH DIVISION

This report shall not be reproduced, ex cept in full, without the written approv al of Southwest Research Institute ®

. Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report.REPORT 03.13062 

### ii FOREWORD

Phase 1 of the Advanced Collaborative Em issions Study (ACES Phase 1) was performed by SwRI’s Emissions Research and Development Department (ER&DD), in the Engine, Emissions and Vehicle Research Division.

SwRI's Principal Investigat or and Project Manager was Dr. Imad Khalek, Program Manager. SwRI's Project Leader was Mr. Thom as Bougher, Research Engineer. The chemistry effort was coordinated by Mr. Patrick Merritt, Seni or Research Scientist. Chemistry assistance was provided by Mr. Ken Jones, Senior Research Technologist , Mr. Tom Gabeha rt, Research Technologist, Ms. Yolanda Rodriguez, Staff Tec hnician, Ms. Kelly Strate , Senior Technician, Mr. Chuan-Yi Tsai, Research Assi stant, and Mr. Luis Sanchez, Pr incipal Technician. Additional assistance was provided by Ms. Jacq ueline Ranger, Group Leader, and Ms

. 

### Shraddha Quarderer, Senior Research Scientist. Laboratory a ssistance was provided by Mr. Ernie Krueger, Laboratory Manager, Mr. Keith Ec htle, Assistant Manager, Mr. Danny Terrazas, Supervisor, Mr. Daniel Preece, Senior Technici an, Mr. William Valuk, Staff Techni cian, Mr. Don Parker, Senior Technician, Mr. Joe Sosa, Principal Technici an, Mr. Rudy Guerra, Senior Technician, Mr. Denny Zaske, Senior Technician, and Mr . Tim Milligan, Principal Technician.

Chemical analyses were performed by SwRI’s ER&DD and SwRI’s Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division. Additional chemic al analyses such as PAHs, polar compounds, elements, and OC/EC were performed by Desert Research Institute (DRI), with Dr. Barbara Zielinska as the Principal Investigator.

ACES Phase 1 was sponsored by CRC and HEI, with funding from the DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies, EPA, EMA, CARB, API, Corning Inc., a nd ArvinMeritor. The engines and engine support were provided by Caterp illar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel, and Volvo Powertrain. Key contacts were Mr. Reynaldo Agama, Caterpillar, Dr. Shirish Shimpi, Cummins, Mr. Don Keski-Hynnila, Detroit Di esel, and Mr. Steve Berry, Vol vo Powertrain. The lube oil was provided by Lubrizol, and the key contact was Dr. Ewa Bardasz.

The sponsors’ project coordinators were Dr. Chris Tennant from CRC and Dr. Maria Costantini from HEI. The CRC ACES Panel members included:

Mr. Reynaldo Agama, Caterpillar Dr. James Ball, Ford Motor Company (now retired) Dr. Nicholas Barsic, John Deere Mr. Steve Berry, Volvo Powertrain Dr. Steven Cadle, General Moto rs R&D Center (now retired) Dr. Maria Costantini, Health Effects Institute Dr. Annemoon van Erp, Health Effects Institute Mr. Timothy French, Engine Manufacturers Association Dr. Thomas Hesterberg, Navistar Mr. Donald Keski-Hynnila, Detroit Diesel Mr. Chris Laroo, US Environmental Protection Agency Dr. Douglas Lawson, National Re newable Energy Laboratory Mr. Hector Maldonado, Califor nia Air Resources BoardREPORT 03.13062 

### iii Dr. Matti Maricq, Ford Motor Company Dr. Mani Natarajan, Marat hon Petroleum Company LLC Mr. Ralph Nine, US Department of En ergy/National Energy Technology Laboratory Dr. Robert Okamoto, Califor nia Air Resources Board Mr. Charles Schleyer, ExxonMobil Dr. Shirish Shimpi, Cummins Dr. Joseph Somers, US Envir onmental Protection Agency Dr. Chris Tennant, Coordinating Research Council Mr. Steve Trevitz, Volvo Powertrain Dr. Urban Wass, Volvo AB Dr. Jane Warren, Health Effect s Institute (now retired)REPORT 03.13062 

### iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Phase 1 of the Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES) included detailed chemical characterization of exhaust species emitted from four 2007 model-year heavy heavyduty diesel engines (HHDDE) manufactured by Caterpillar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel, and Volvo. The work started in March, 2007, and was completed in August, 2008. ACES Phase 1 objectives were:

• To quantify the reduction in both regulated and unregulated emissions from advanced diesel engines,

• To provide regulated and unregulated emi ssions data for this new engine technology,

• Make data available to support the selection of one engine for the ACES Phase 3 health study,

• To provide initial guidance for the ACES Ph ase 3 health study using the regulated and unregulated emissions information from ACES Phase 1.

Based on the results of the exhaust emissions characteriza tion, one of the four ACES engines, Engine B, was selected for the ACES Phase 3 health study to be conducted at Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute (LRRI). The engi ne selection process is described in a Health Effects Institute (HEI) Report, included in Appe ndix A. An additional backup engine to the one selected for the health study, Engi ne B', was provided by the engi ne manufacturer and was tested for regulated emissions at a barometric pressure of 99.3 kPa, representing SwRI's elevation in San Antonio, Texas, and at a simulated barometr ic pressure of 82.6 kP a, representing LRRI’s higher elevation in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The high elevation simulation was performed on the backup engine only.

To comply with 2007 EPA regulations, each engine tested was equipped with watercooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) or clean gas induction (CGI) to reduce NO x 

### emissions, along with a catalyzed diesel pa rticulate filter (C-DPF), or a di esel oxidation catalyst (DOC) followed by a C-DPF to reduce PM emissions. DOCs were mainly used to increase nitrogen dioxide production to promote th e oxidation of soot deposited in the C-DPF. Furthermore, a diesel fuel burner located upstream of the C-DPF, or a diesel fu el injector located upstream of the DOC, was used to elevate exhaust temperat ure at the inlet of the C-DPF to actively regenerate and clean the C-DPF, as needed. Nu merous additional improvements were also made by each engine manufacturer to engine boost pr essure and its response, fuel injection and combustion management, and system integration. Manufacturers also equipped engines with crankcase ventilation systems with filters to re duce PM emissions from the crankcase blow-by, which was vented to the atmosphere.

ACES engines emissions were characterized on the following test cycles:

• FTP, the basis for US EPA e ngine certification and audit.

• CARBx-ICT, idle, creep and a transient portion of the CARB HHDDE-5 Modes (CARB 5-Modes).

• CARBz-CH, cruise and high speed cruise of the CARB 5-Modes.REPORT 03.13062 

### v • 16-Hour Cycle, four 4-hour segments consis ting of FTPs and CARB 5-Modes. (The 16- Hour cycle was developed mainly to be used in ACES Phase 1 and in the Phase 3 health study.) For reference, the CARB 5-Modes were de veloped earlier by CARB and include curb idle, creep, transient, cruise, and high speed cruise modes.

Table ES-1 provides a summary of cycle time, average exhaust temperature, and percent power relative to the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) transient cycle.

TABLE ES-1. SUMMARY OF CYCLES TESTED

Test Cycles Time, min Average Exhaust Temperature, °C % of FTP Average Power FTP 20 243 100 CARBx-ICT 39 131 20 CARBz-CH 49 297 137 16-Hour a 

### 960 277 110

a 

### Four 4-hour segments that consis t of repeats of the FTP and CARB-5 Modes

For each cycle used, regulated emissi ons of carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), oxi des of nitrogen (NO x 

### ), and particulate matter (PM), were measured. Unregulated emissions measured include d total hydrocarbon (THC), methane (CH 4 

### ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 

### ), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 

### ), nitrous oxide (N 2 

### O), particle size and number, organic carbon (OC), el emental carbon (EC), metals and elements, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitroPAH, oxyPAH, polar com pounds, alkanes, hopanes, steranes, cyanide ion, organic acids, gas phase acids, nitr osamines, detailed speciation of C 2 

### – C 12 

### hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ketones, and dioxins/fur ans (only for the 16-Hour cycle).

Samples of the different exhaust species were taken either directly from the sample zone of the full-flow constant volume sampler (CVS) dilution tunnel, or from locations that were linked to the sample zone by a dilution step with a dilution ratio of about 2. A unique sample location employed was an animal exposure ch amber (unoccupied), provided by LRRI, to determine concentration levels that might be expect ed in ACES Phase 3. Real time particle size and number, total PM, soot and OC/EC measurem ents were taken from the exposure chamber.

All measurements were performed with engine blow-by routed to the exhaust downstream of the C-DPF. Selected FTP te sts without blow-by were also performed.

Table ES-2 summarizes the average FTP regulated emissions with blow-by relative to EPA 2007 standards. Based on the average emissi ons from all four ACES engines, PM, CO, and NMHC emissions were all at least 90 pe rcent below the EPA standard. Average NO x 

### emissions were 10 percent below the standard.

FTP transient cycle average PM emissions w ithout blow-by were 38 percent lower than that with blow-by. For the high elevation testing performed with the backup engine, NO x 

### emissions were about 34 percent hi gher than at normal elevation.REPORT 03.13062 

### vi TABLE ES-2. SUMMARY OF AVERAGE REGULATED EMISSIONS BASED ON THE FTP CYCLE WITH BLOW-BY

2007 EPA Standard (g/hp-hr) Average ACES Engine Emissions (g/hp-hr) ACES Emissions % Reduction Relative to the 2007 Certification Standard CO 15.5 0.33 98 NMHC 0.14 0.0064 95 PM 0.01 0.0011 89 NO X 

### 1.2 a 

### 1.075 10

a 

### Average value between 2007 and 2009, with full enforcement in 2010 at 0.20 g/hp-hr

Average FTP NO 2 

### emissions for the four ACES engi nes, were 0.73 g/hp-hr, with an NO 2 

### to NO x 

### ratio of 68 percent. The NO 2 

### to NO X 

### ratio for 2004 technology engines is typically lower, at 4 to 15 percent of the 2004 NO X 

### limit of 2.4 g/hp-hr. Thus, the direct NO 2 

### emissions from these ACES engines can be a factor of tw o to eight times higher than from 2004 technology engines, although the total NO x 

### emissions from the ACES engines are lower. This increase in NO 2 

### emissions from 2007 and later heavy-duty diesel engines is temporary, and is expected to be reduced below the EPA 2010 NO x 

### limit of 0.2 g/hp-hr when 2010 engines are introduced.

During active regeneration, real time particle number emissions from 5.6 nm to 30 nm in diameter can be several orders of magnitude higher than the concentration without active regeneration. However, as shown in Figure ES -1, even when active regeneration occurred, the average particle number emissions were low -- on the order of 90 percent below the level emitted by a 2004 technology engine. They were a factor of 10 higher than the average emissions without regeneration, in spite of the low frequency of occurren ce of active regeneration during the 16-Hour cycle (1 to 3 times per 16-Hour cycle).

FIGURE ES-1. AVERAGE PARTIC LE NUMBER EMISSIONS (W AND WO REPRESENT “WITH” AND “WITHOUT” ENGINE BLOW-BY, RESPECTIVELY)REPORT 03.13062 

### vii Unregulated compounds in Table ES-3 show reductions relative to a 2004 technology engine used in the CRC E55/59 [1] study, and also relative to a 1998 technology engine [2] for dioxins/furans. Reductions ranged from 38 per cent for inorganic ions to 99 percent for hopanes/steranes, elemental carbon, and dioxins/furans. No vanadium emissions were detected in the ACES engines, but copper emissions were detected during the 16-Hour cycle.

TABLE ES-3. SUMMARY OF UNREGULA TED EMISSIONS REDUCTION FOR 16- HOUR CYCLE

Compounds % Reduction Relative to 2004 Technology Engine Single Ring Aromatics 82 PAH 79 NitroPAH 81 Alkanes 85 Polar 81 Hopanes/Steranes 99 Carbonyls 98 Inorganic Ions 38 Metals and Elements 98 Organic Carbon 96 Elemental Carbon 99 Dioxins/Furans a 

### 99

a 

### Relative to 1998 technology engine

2007 technology engine PM was composed ma inly of sulfate and organic carbon, with a small fraction of elemental ca rbon and metals and elements, as shown in Figure ES-2.

PM Composition, %

52.9

30.3 13.0 3.8

Sulfate Organic Carbon Elemental Carbon Metals & Elements



### FIGURE ES 2. MEASURED PM COMPOSITION FOR 16-HOUR CYCLEREPORT 03.13062 

### viii In summary, the ACES engines achieved mo re than 89 percent re ductions in NMHC, CO, and PM emissions compared to the 2007 standa rds. Unregulated emissions were also substantially reduced relative to a 20 04 technology engine. ACES engines NO 2 

### emissions were higher than those from 2004 tec hnology engines due to the use of DOC and C-DPF technology. NO 2 

### emissions will likely be considerably reduced when 2010 engines are introduced.REPORT 03.13062 

### ix TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................... ........... ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... ....... xi

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ ...... xiv

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................... xvii

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1

2.0 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP..................................................................................................2 2.1 Engines.................................................................................................................... .............2 2.2 Fuel and Oil Properties .................................................................................................... ....4 2.2.1 Fuel ASTM Properties and Elements ...................................................................................4 2.2.2 Lube Oil ASTM Analyses and Elemental Composition .......................................................7 2.3 Sampling System ............................................................................................................ .....7

3.0 TEST MATRIX ................................................................................................................ .11

4.0 PROCEDURES................................................................................................................. .16 4.1 Full Flow Constant Volume Sampler Tunnel Cleanup and Conditioning.........................16 4.2 Regulated Emissions Measurements..................................................................................17 4.3 Sampling and Analysis of Unregulated Emissions............................................................18 4.3.1 Filter and XAD Collection for Chemical Analysis ............................................................18 4.3.2 Ions and Inorganic Acids ...................................................................................................20 4.3.3 Metals and Elements ..........................................................................................................20 4.3.4 Selected Volatile Organic Compounds ..............................................................................21 4.3.5 Hydrocarbon Speciation of C 2 

### through C 12 

### Compound s...................................................21 4.3.6 Dioxins and Furans ............................................................................................................23 4.3.7 Elemental Carbon/Organic Carbon ..................................................................................23 4.3.8 Particulate- and Ga s-Phase Organic Compounds ............................................................23 4.3.9 Nitrosamines ......................................................................................................................25 4.3.10 Real Time PM Size, Number, Total and Soot Mass ...........................................................26 4.4 Step-by-Step Engine Testing Procedures...........................................................................27

5.0 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... ......29 5.1 Fuel and Oil PAHs, Hopanes and Steranes........................................................................32 5.2 Cycle Work ................................................................................................................. .......37 5.3 Oxides of Nitrogen (Nitric Oxide, Nitr ogen Dioxide, & Nitrous Oxide) Emissions ........37 5.4 Carbon Monoxide Emissions.............................................................................................39 5.5 Total Hydrocarbon, Methane, a nd Non-Methane Hydrocarbon........................................39 5.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and BSFC...............................................................................48REPORT 03.13062 

### x TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)

Page

5.7 Particulate Matter Emissions .............................................................................................48 5.7.1 Filter-Based PM Mass-CVS Tunnel and Exposure Chamber ............................................48 5.7.2 Quartz Filter-Based OC/EC - Exposure Chamber ............................................................54 5.7.3 DMM-Based Total PM Mass - Exposure Chamber ...........................................................56 5.7.4 MSS-Based Soot Mass - Exposure Chamber .....................................................................56 5.7.5 EEPS-Based Particle Mass - Exposure Chamber .............................................................59 5.7.6 EEPS-Based Particle Number - Exposure Chamber .........................................................60 5.7.7 Metals and Other Elements ................................................................................................62 5.8 Inorganic Ions Emissions................................................................................................... 63 5.9 Carbonyl Emissions ......................................................................................................... ..66 5.10 Selected Hydrocarbon Speciation - C 1 

### -C 12 

### ........................................................................66 5.11 PAH Emissions ............................................................................................................. .....66 5.12 OxyPAH Emissions .......................................................................................................... .66 5.13 NitroPAH Emissions........................................................................................................ ..72 5.14 Alcohol and Organic Ac id Compounds Emissions ...........................................................72 5.15 Hopanes/Steranes Emissions .............................................................................................72 5.16 Dioxins/Furans Emissions .................................................................................................7 7 5.17 Cyanide, Sulfide, and Hexavalent Chromium Emissions..................................................77 5.18 Nitrosamin e Emi ssions ..................................................................................................... .77 5.19 Selected VOC Emissions ...................................................................................................8 2

6.0 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................... ...83

7.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. .84

APPENDIX No. of Pages

A HEI REPORT ON ENGINE SELECTION ............................................................................8 B ADDITIONAL ABBREVIATIONS LIST...........................................................................14 C PAH, HOPANES, AND STERANES MASS CONCENTRATION IN FUEL AND LUBE OIL .......................................................................................................7 D METALS AND ELEMENTS EMISSIONS, μG/HP-HR.......................................................8 E CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND ALCOHOLS ................................................................4 F NITROSAMINES................................................................................................................. ..4REPORT 03.13062 

### xi LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 2007 Caterpillar C13 Engine................................................................................................2

2 2007 Cummins ISX Engine .................................................................................................3

3 2007 Detroit Diesel DDC Series 60 Engine.........................................................................3

4 2007 Volvo Powertrain Mack MP7 .....................................................................................4

5 Overall Sampling System..................................................................................................... 9

6 Exposure Chamber............................................................................................................ .10

7 Zefluor Filter (8x10-inch) and XAD Assembly.................................................................10

8 FTP Transient Cycle Normalized Torque and Speed Profiles...........................................14

9 CARBx-ICT Cycle Normalized Torque and Speed Profiles .............................................14

10 CARBz-CH Cycle Normalized Torque and Speed Profiles ..............................................15

11 Four-Hour Repeated Segment of the No rmalized Torque and Speed Profiles for the 16-Hour Cycle............................................................................................................ ..15

12 CVS Sample Zone before Cleaning...................................................................................16

13 CVS Sample Zone after Cleaning......................................................................................17

14 TSI Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS)........................................................................26

15 Dekati Mass Monitor (DMM-230) ....................................................................................27

16 AVL Micro-Soot Sensor (MSS) ........................................................................................27

17 PAH Concentration in Lube Oil and Fu el Showing a Partial List of Fuel PAH Compounds at Much Higher Con centration than in Lube Oil...........................................33

18 PAH Concentration in Lube Oil and Fu el Showing a Partial List of Fuel PAH Compounds at Higher Concentration than in Lube Oil .....................................................34

19 PAH Concentration in Lube Oil and Fu el Showing a Partial List of Fuel PAH Compounds at Lower Concentr ation than in Lube Oil......................................................35

20 Hopanes Concentration in Lube Oil...................................................................................36REPORT 03.13062 

### xii LIST OF FIGURES (CONT'D)

Figure Page

21 Steranes Concentration in Lube Oil...................................................................................36

22 Average Brake-Specific NO X 

### Emissions...........................................................................38

23 Average Brake-Specific NO Emissions.............................................................................40

24 Average Brake-Specific NO 2 

### Emissions............................................................................41

25 Average Brake-Specific N 2 

### O Emissions............................................................................43

26 Average Brake-Specific CO Emissions .............................................................................44

27 Average Brake-Specific THC Emissions...........................................................................47

28 Average Brake-Specific CH 4 

### Emissions............................................................................47

29 Average Brake-Specific NMHC Emissions.......................................................................48

30 Average Brake-Specific CO 2 

### Emissions............................................................................49

31 Average Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption ......................................................................50

32 Average Brake-Specific PM Emi ssions (CVS Tunnel, CFR Part 1065) ...........................51

33 Average Brake-Specific PM Emissions (Exposure Chamber) ..........................................52

34 Ratio of PM with Blow-By over PM without Blow-By ....................................................53

35 Ratio of PM Based on Exposure Chamber over PM Based on CVS using CFR Part 1065................................................................................................................ ....54

36 Average Organic Carbon Emissions Based on Filter Collection from Exposure Chamber............................................................................................................. 55

37 Average Elemental Carbon Emissions Based on Filter Collection from Exposure Chamber............................................................................................................. 56

38 Average DMM-Based Brake-Specific PM Mass Emissions - Exposure Chamber ...........57

39 Average MSS-Based Brake-Specific S oot Mass Emissions - Exposure Chamber............58

40 Average EEPS-Based PM Mass Emissions - Exposure Chamber.....................................60REPORT 03.13062 

### xiii LIST OF FIGURES (CONT'D)

Figure Page

41 Average EEPS-Based Brake-Specific PM Number Emissions - Exposure Chamber .......61

42 Average Brake-Specific Elemen ts Emissions for 16-Hour Cycle (Elements shown are above Limit of Detection) ...............................................................63

43 Gas and Particle Phase Inorganic I ons Brake-Specific Emissions for the 16-Hour Cycle................................................................................................................ ....64

44 Average Dionized Water pH after Dilute Exhaust Co llection during the 16-Hour Cycle................................................................................................................ ....64

45 Measured and Calculated Sulf ate PM for the 16-Hour Cycle ...........................................65

46 Correlation between Measured Filter-Based Sulfate and Sulfur .......................................65

47 Carbonyl Compound Emission Rates for 16-Hour Cycle..................................................67

48 Carbonyl Compound Emission Rates for CARBx-ICT.....................................................67

49 Total Carbonyl Compound Brake-Specific Emissions for all Engines and Cycles...........69

50 Average Total BTEX Compound Brak e-Specific Emissions for Different Engines and Cycles ........................................................................................................... .70

51 PAH Compound Brake- Specific Emissions ......................................................................71

52 OxyPAH Compound Brak e-Specific Emissions................................................................71

53 NitroPAH Compound Brake-Specific Emissions..............................................................72

54 Alcohols and Organic Acid Co mpounds Brake-Specific Emissions.................................74

55 Average Hopanes Brake-Specific Emissions.....................................................................75

56 Average Steranes Brake-Specific Emissions .....................................................................76

57 Average Total Nitrosamines Emissions.............................................................................81

58 Average Selected VOC Com pound Brake-Specific Emissions.........................................82REPORT 03.13062 

### xiv LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 ASTM Fuel Properties ........................................................................................................ .5

2 Fuel Elements............................................................................................................... ........6

3 Lube Oil Properties for Fresh Oil and After 125 Hours of Engine and DPF Degreening by the Engine Manufacturer.............................................................................8

4 Number of Regulated and Unregulat ed Emissions Tests for Each Engine........................11

5 Detailed Test Matrix for Each ACES Engine ....................................................................12

6 Sampling/Analysis Matrix for Regulat ed and Unregulated Emissions on Each ACES Engine .................................................................................................................. ...13

7 Summary of Analysis Methodology and Responsibility ...................................................19

8 Step-by-Step Procedures....................................................................................................2 8

9 Number of Active Regenerations per Test.........................................................................30

10 Conversion Multiplier from Brake- Specific Emissions to Other Units.............................30

11 Engine Cycle Work.......................................................................................................... ..37

12 Brake-Specific NO X 

### Emissions .........................................................................................38

13 NO Emissions ............................................................................................................... .....40

14 Brake-Specific NO 2 

### Emissions ..........................................................................................41

15 NO 2 

### /NO X 

### Ratio..................................................................................................................42

16 Brake-Specific N 2 

### O Emissions ..........................................................................................42

17 Brake-Specific CO Emissions............................................................................................43

18 Brake-Specific THC Emissions .........................................................................................44

19 Brake-Specific CH 4 

### Emissions ..........................................................................................45

20 Brake-Specific NMHC Emissions .....................................................................................46

21 Brake-Specific CO 2 

### Emissions ..........................................................................................49REPORT 03.13062 

### xv LIST OF TABLES (CONT'D)

Table Page

22 Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption.....................................................................................50

23 Brake-Specific PM Emissions (CVS Tunnel, CFR Part 1065)..........................................51

24 Brake-Specific PM Emissions (Exposure Chamber).........................................................52

25 Average Brake-Specific Elemental/Organic Carbon Emissions Based on Filter Collection from Exposure Chamber ..................................................................................55

26 DMM-Based Brake-Specific PM Mass Emissions - Exposure Chamber..........................57

27 MSS-Based Brake-Specific Soot Mass Emissions - Exposure Chamber ..........................58

28 EEPS-Based Brake-Specific PM Ma ss Emissions - Exposure Chamber ..........................59

29 EEPS-Based Brake-Specific PM Number Emissions - Exposure Chamber......................61

30 Total Elemental Br ake-Specific Emissions........................................................................62

31 Carbonyl Compound Brake-Specif ic Emissions for 16-Hour Cycle.................................68

32 Carbonyl Compound Brake-Specific Emissions for CARBx-ICT ....................................68

33 Total BTEX Compound Brak e-Specific Emissions...........................................................69

34 Summary of PAH Compound Brake-Specific Emissions..................................................70

35 Summary of OxyPAH Compound Brake-Specific Emissions...........................................71

36 Summary of NitroPAH Compound Brake-Specific Emissions .........................................73

37 Summary of Alcohol and Organic Ac id Compound Brake-Specific Emissions ...............74

38 Hopanes Brake-Specific Emissions ...................................................................................75

39 Steranes Brake-Specific Emissions....................................................................................76

40 TEQ Mass of Dioxins/Furans Collected During 16-Hour Cycle for Engine A and Background Sample ...........................................................................................................7 8

41 TEQ Mass of Dioxins/Furans Collected During 16-Hour Cycle for Engine C and Background Sample ...........................................................................................................7 8REPORT 03.13062 

### xvi LIST OF TABLES (CONT'D)

Table Page

42 TEQ Mass of Dioxins/Furans Collected During 16-Hour Cycle for Engine D and Background Sample ...........................................................................................................7 9

43 TEQ Dioxins/Furans Brake-Specifi c Emissions and Concentration .................................79

44 Total Dioxins/Furans Brake-Specific Emissions and Concentration.................................80

45 Total Chlorine in Engine Lubricant ...................................................................................80

46 Total Chlorine in Air...................................................................................................... ....80

47 Nitrosamine Brake-Specific Emissions .............................................................................81

48 Selected VOC Compound Brake-Specific Emissions .......................................................82REPORT 03.13062 

### xvii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ACES Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study API American Petroleum Institute BG Background (clean dilution air downstr eam of the HEPA filter of the full flow constant volume sampler tunnel) BSE Brake-Specific Emissions BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption CARB California Air Resources Board CARB 5-Modes CARB Heavy Heavy-Duty Idle , Creep, Transient, Cruise, and High Speed Cruise modes CARBx-ICT Idle, Creep, and Transient of CARB 5-Modes CARBz-CH Cruise and High Sp eed Cruise of CARB 5-Modes CFR Code of Federal Regulations CGI Clean Gas Induction CI Chemical Ionization CO Carbon Monoxide CRC Coordinating Research Council CVAAS Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy CVS Constant Volume Sampler DCM Dichloromethane DMM Dekati Mass Monitor DNPH Dinitrophenylhydrazine DOE Department of Energy DOC Diesel Oxidation Catalyst DPF Diesel Particulate Filter DR Dilution Ratio DRI Desert Research Institute DFI/GC Direct Filter Injection Gas Chromatography EC Elemental Carbon ECM Engine Control Module EDXRF Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence EEPS Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation EI Electron Impact EMA Engine Manufacturers Association EPA Environmental Protection Agency ER&DD Emissions Research and Development Department FD Fuel Density FID Flame Ionization Detector FM Fuel Mileage FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTP Federal Test Procedure FTP-TC Federal Test Procedure Transient Cycle FTP-w Federal Test Procedur e Transient Cycle with Blow-By FTP-woo Federal Test Procedure Transient Cycle without Blow-By GC-ECD Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detection GC/MS Gas Chromatograph/Mass SpectroscopyREPORT 03.13062 

### xviii HDDE Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine HEI Health Effects Institute HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Air HHDDE Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography HRGC High Resolution Gas Chromatography HRMS High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy VOC Volatile Organic Compounds IC Ion Chromatography ICP/MS Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectroscopy LRRI Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute MID Multiple Ion Detection N/A Not Available MSS Micro-Soot Sensor NDIR Non-Dispersed Infrared NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NitroPAH Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon NMHC Non-Methane Hydrocarbon NO Nitric oxide NO 2 

### Nitrogen Dioxide N 2 

### O Nitrous Oxide NO X 

### Oxides of Nitrogen OC Organic Carbon ODS Octadecasilane POC Principle Organic Constituents OxyPAH Oxygenated Polycy clic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PCDD Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins PCDF Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans PM Particulate Matter PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene PUF Polyurethane Foam SIS Selective Ion Storage S/N Signal to Noise SRM Standard Reference Material SVOC Semivolatile Organic Compound SwRI Southwest Research Institute TB Tunnel Blank TEF Toxic Equivalency Factor TEQ Toxic Equivalent THC Total Hydrocarbon TOR Thermal Optical Reflectance TOT Thermal Optical Transmittance ULSD Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel UV Ultraviolet VOST Volatile Organic Sample Train XAD TM 

### “Polymeric Adsorbing Resins” XRF X-Ray FluorescenceREPORT 03.13062 

### 1 of 84 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Four heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturer s, Caterpillar (CAT), Inc., Cummins, Inc., Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC ), and Volvo Powertrain, provide d engines for Phase 1 of the ACES program. The engines were all 2007 m odel-year and included a CAT C13, Cummins ISX, DDC Series 60, and a Mack MP7. All four engines are cons idered to be heavy heavy-duty diesel engines that are currently being market ed in the US. The exhaust composition of these engines was characterized to verify that the co ncentration of regulated emissions were at or below the requirements of EPA’s 2007 regulation a nd to provide data on emission concentrations of a large number of unregulated compounds. One of the four engines was selected for ACES Phase 3 exposure study based on ACES Phase 1 em ission results, and acco rding to the process described in Appendix A. A backup engine to the one selected for AC ES Phase 3 exposure study was provided by one of the manufacturers for regulated emissions testing at SwRI's elevation in San Antonio, Texas, (99.3 kpa), and at a simulated high eleva tion (82.6 kpa), similar to that of LRRI in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where the ACES Ph ase 3 exposure study will be conducted.

Throughout the ACES project, all engine s have remained anonymous, and were designated as Engine A, Engine B, Engine C, Engine D, and Engine B’ for the backup engine. It is understood that the identity of these e ngines will be revealed by CRC, after the ACES exposure study is completed.

The four primary engines (Engines A, B, C, and D) were tested for regulated and unregulated emissions, at SwRI's elevation, using the hot-start Fe deral Test Procedure transient cycle (FTP-TC), two composites of the CARB H eavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines (HHDDE) 5- Modes (CARB 5-Modes), and a 16-Hour transient cycle that was developed by West Virginia University for this program. This cycle was composed of the FTP-TC and the CARB 5-Modes [3]. The backup engine, Engine B’, was tested for regulated emissions using the FTP-TC at SwRI's elevation and at L RRI's simulated elevation.

Regulated emissions measurement in cluded carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), oxide s of nitrogen (NO x 

### ), and particulate matter (PM). Unregulated emissions included total hydro carbon (THC), methane (CH 4 

### ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 

### ), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 

### ), particle size and number, organic carbon, elemental carbon, metals and elements, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), nitroPAH, oxyPAH, polar compounds, alkanes, hopanes, steranes, cyanid e ion, organic acids , gas phase acids, nitrosamines, detailed speciation of C 2 

### – C 12 

### hydrocarbons, aldehydes a nd ketones, and dioxins and furans.

All volumetric flows, volumes or concentrat ions shown in this report are based on a reference temperature of 20 o 

### C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, used in 40 CFR Part 86. All averages, standard deviations, and error bars ar e based on three repeats of the FTPs, two repeats of CARBx-ICT, two repeats of the CARBz-CH, and three repeats of the 16-Hour cycle.REPORT 03.13062 

### 2 of 84 2.0 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

2.1 Engines

Five 2007 model-year (MY 2007) HHDDEs were used in Phase 1 of the ACES program. One of the five engines was a duplicate back up engine. The engi nes included a CAT C13, Cummins ISX, DDC Series 60, and Mack MP7, as s hown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. All engines were equipped with a diesel oxi dation catalyst (DOC) fo llowed by a wall-flow catalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF), or simp ly with a catalyzed DPF with a means of active regeneration via exhaust fuel injection or a burne r. All engines were turbocharged with watercooled intake air systems. Three of the engine s were equipped with wa ter-cooled high-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), where the exha ust gas is routed from before the DPF to the high pressure side of the intake air compressor. One engine was equipped with low-pressure loop water-cooled EGR or clean gas induction (C GI), where the exhaust gas is routed from downstream of the DPF to the inlet si de of the intake air compressor.

The active regeneration strategy for each engine was different and may take into consideration such things as engine operating tim e, fuel used, DPF loading condition, DOC inlet temperature, DPF inlet temperature, and sophis ticated accountability, soot loading, and other factors such as occurrence of passive re generation during normal operation. All active regeneration events were triggered by the engine control module (ECM), without any interference by the engine opera tor, except during exhaust sy stem conditioning, where the DPF went into a “forced” active regeneration even t that was triggered by the engine operator.

FIGURE 1. 2007 CATERPILLAR C13 ENGINEREPORT 03.13062 

### 3 of 84 FIGURE 2. 2007 CUMMINS ISX ENGINE

FIGURE 3. 2007 DETROIT DIES EL DDC SERIES 60 ENGINEREPORT 03.13062 

### 4 of 84 FIGURE 4. 2007 VOLVO POWERTRAIN MACK MP7

2.2 Fuel and Oil Properties

2.2.1 Fuel ASTM Properties and Elements

The ACES program fuel was provided by CRC through a commercial fuel supplier. It was an ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel that conformed to US EPA CFR Part 1065 ULSD fuel specifications. ASTM fuel properties are s hown in Table 1. A sample was taken from the SwRI fuel tank where the ACES fuel was stored. The total ar omatics content was 26.7 percent; the cetane number was 47.5; and the sulfur cont ent was 4.50 ppm. Anothe r sulfur analysis was performed on a fuel sample taken upstream of an engine fuel pump. The sulfur level was 5.20 ppm, which was comparable to that in th e fuel tank, suggesting there was no sulfur contamination in the lines between th e fuel tank and the engine fuel pump.

Table 2 shows the elements detected in the fu el. The most notable is the presence of residual lube oil elements su ch as calcium, phosphorus, and zi nc. The presence of these elements was confirmed in two separate measurements. The sum of all measured elements' concentration in the fuel was about 9.5 ppm, with sulfur bein g the highest at 5.55 ppm, followed by phosphorus at 1.36 ppm, calcium at 1.38 ppm, zinc at 1.19 ppm, and lead at 6.28 ppb.

Mercury was not detected in the fuel.REPORT 03.13062 

### 5 of 84 TABLE 1. ASTM FUEL PROPERTIES

ASTM Test Test Property / Description Units EM-6330-F Tank 37E D86 Distillation IBP deg F 332 10% Evaporated deg F 420 50% Evaporated deg F 499 90% Evaporated deg F 585 FBP deg F 632 Recovered mL 97.6 Residue mL 1.5 Loss mL 0.9 D130 Copper Corrosion Strip Rating 1A D1319 Hydrocarbons by FIA Aromatics Vol % 26.7 Olefins Vol % 1.6 Saturates Vol % 71.7 D1796 Water & Sediment mL <0.02 D2500 Cloud Point deg C -24 D2622 Sulfur Content wt % <0.001 ppm <10 D5453 Sulfur Content ppm 4.5 D4052 API Gravity at 60°F 33.8 Specific Gravity at 60°F 0.8561 Density at 15°C grams/L 855.6 D445 Viscosity @ 40°C cSt 2.613 D482 Ash Content mass % <0.001 D5291 Carbon Content wt % 86.32 Hydrogen Content wt % 12.92 Oxygen by Difference wt % 0.76 D6079 Lubricity by HFRR Major Axis mm 0.38 Minor Axis mm 0.31 Wear Scar Diameter mm 0.345 Wear Scar Description evenly abraded oval Fuel Temperature deg C 60 D613 Cetane Number 47.5 D93 Flash Point deg F 149 Flash Point deg C 65 D976 Cetane Index (calculated) 44REPORT 03.13062 

### 6 of 84 TABLE 2. FUEL ELEMENTS

Element Sample Result (mg/kg) Reporting Limit a (mg/kg) Method
Aluminum <0.497 0.497 ICP Antimony <0.00198 0.00198 ICP/MS Arsenic <0.0494 0.0494 ICP/MS Barium <0.0794 0.0794 ICP Beryllium <0.00993 0.00993 ICP Boron <0.199 0.199 ICP Cadmium <0.00198 0.00198 ICP/MS Calcium 1.38 0.497 ICP Cerium <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Chromium <0.0497 0.0497 ICP Cobalt <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Copper <0.0497 0.0497 ICP Gallium <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Gold <0.00148 0.00148 ICP/MS Indium <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Iron <0.497 0.497 ICP Lanthanum <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Lead 0.00628 0.00198 ICP/MS Magnesium <0.497 0.497 ICP Manganese <0.0497 0.0497 ICP Molybdenum <0.00494 0.00494 ICP/MS Nickel <0.00988 0.00988 ICP/MS Palladium 0.00304 0.00198 ICP/MS Phosphorus 1.36 0.199 ICP Platinum <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Potassium <0.993 0.993 ICP Rhodium <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Rubidium <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Selenium 0.00693 0.00494 ICP/MS Silicon <0.993 0.993 ICP Silver <0.00247 0.00247 ICP/MS Sodium <14.9 14.9 ICP Strontium 0.00338 0.000988 ICP/MS Sulfur 5.55 0.497 ICP Thallium <0.00198 0.00198 ICP/MS Tin 0.00435 0.00198 ICP/MS Titanium <0.0497 0.0497 ICP Tungsten <0.00198 0.00198 ICP/MS Uranium <0.000988 0.000988 ICP/MS Vanadium <0.0497 0.0497 ICP Yttrium <0.0497 0.0497 ICP Zinc 1.19 0.0497 ICP Zirconium <0.0497 0.0497 ICP

a Reporting limit is defined as 3 x the standard deviation of seven rep eats of a NIST traceable concentration at the instrument minimum detection limit.REPORT 03.13062 

### 7 of 84 2.2.2 Lube Oil ASTM Analyses and Elemental Composition

Table 3 shows the ASTM analyses for the fresh lube oil, and for the used lube oil after 125 hours of degreening that was performed by the respective engine manufacturer. The dominant elements observed in the fresh l ube oil were calcium (2268 ppm), phosphorus (1043 ppm), and zinc (1157 ppm). The used lube oil had higher levels of aluminum, barium, boron, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, iron, and silic on, compared to the fresh oil, implying that these elements were accumulated in the oil during normal lubrication.

Mercury was not detected in the lube oil.

2.3 Sampling System

Figure 5 shows the overall sampling system of the experimental set up. Figure 6 shows a photograph of the exposure chamber along with the sa mple probes for the engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS), Dekati Mass Monitor (DMM-230), micro-soot sensor (MSS), semi-continuous OC/EC, Teflo ® 

### filter sample train, and quartz filter sample train. The exposure chamber, provided by LRRI, was setup on the CVS tunnel. The nominal flow rate through the chamber was about 500 lpm. The 90 per cent recovery residence time wa s on the order of four minutes, and the actual time to completely purge the ch amber from any residuals was on the order of 20 minutes. Figure 7 shows the 8 x 10-inch Zefluor filter assembly followed by the four 4-inch XAD holders.

Referring to Figure 5, the dilution ratio be tween the constant volume sampler (CVS) tunnel and the exposure chamber was slightly less than 2:1, and the dilution ratio between the CVS tunnel and the 8 x 10 inch f ilter assembly was also about 2:1. The average dilution ratio between engine exhaust and CVS was about 20: 1. Dilution ratio (DR) is defined as:

DR = (dilution air flow + sample flow)/(sample flow)REPORT 03.13062 

### 8 of 84 TABLE 3. LUBE OIL PROPERTIES FO R FRESH OIL AND AFTER 125 HOURS OF ENGINE AND DPF DEGREENING BY THE ENGINE MANUFACTURER

ASTM Test Test Property / Description Units EM-3275-EO Fresh Lube Oil EM-3276-EO Used Oil Engine A EM-3278-EO Used Oil Engine B EM-3277-EO Used Oil Engine C EM-3282-EO Used Oil Engine D D3524M Fuel Dilution, Diesel wt % <0.3 <0.3 <0 .3 1.2 <0.3 D4291 Glycol ppm <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 D445 Viscosity @ 100 °C cSt 15.19 13.83 14.47 13.23 20.64 D445 Viscosity @ 40 °C cSt 113.86 102.2 112.09 96.28 78.94 D4739 Total Base Number Inflection mg KOH/g 7.63 5.61 6.16 6.11 7.5 Buffer mg KOH/g 7.47 4.13 4.78 4.48 6.17 D5185 Element Analysis Aluminum ppm 2 3 2 2 2 Antimony ppm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Barium ppm <1 3 3 <1 <1 Boron ppm <1 6 8 2 3 Calcium ppm 2268 2459 1879 2291 2350 Chromium ppm <1 6 3 <1 2 Copper ppm <1 12 13 8 96 Iron ppm 1 61 72 16 26 Lead ppm <1 4 5 1 6 Magnesium ppm 5 8 261 32 125 Manganese ppm <1 5 4 1 1 Molybdenum ppm <1 9 <1 2 <1 Nickel ppm <1 <1 <1 4 25 Phosphorus ppm 1043 978 1010 984 1125 Silicon ppm 3 36 36 23 68 Silver ppm <1 <1 <1 <1 2 Sodium ppm <5 10 8 6 7 Tin ppm <1 4 4 1 4 Zinc ppm 1157 1209 1186 1133 1269 Potassium ppm <5 <5 6 <5 <5 Strontium ppm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Vanadium ppm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Titanium ppm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Cadmium ppm <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 D664 Total Acid Number Inflection mg KOH/g N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Buffer mg KOH/g 1.75 2.39 1.95 1.81 1.76

E168 FTIR (Oxidation & Nitration) Diff. @ 5.8um ABS/cm 0 2.86 0.18 2.14 0.37 Diff. @ 6.1um ABS/cm 0 0.28 0.18 0.09 0.09 TGA Soot Residue wt % 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 Volatiles wt % 99 98 97.1 98.8 98.9 Soot wt % 0.142 1.039 2.274 0.358 0.33REPORT 03.13062 

### 9 of 84 A 2007 Heavy-Duty Dies el Engine with DPF B Background bag sample of dilution air for CO, CO 2 , NO X , NO, THC, CH 4 , and C 2 -C 12 speciation C Regulated PM following CFR Part 1065 using 47 mm Teflo filter D Impingers for carbonyls, alco hols, ions, and cyanide ion E Sorbent traps for nitrosamines and Summa canister for SVOC F Auxiliary PM samples on 47mm filters for inorganic ions (Fluoropore Filter), XRF (Teflo Filter), and ICP-MS (Fluoropore Filter), DCI/GC (TX-40 filter) G XAD traps for gas phase semi-volatile compounds: PAH, oxyPAH, nitroPAH, hopanes, steranes, carpanes, polar organics, high molecular weight alkanes and cycloalkanes, dioxins, furans H Filter (8x10 inch Zefluor) for particulate-phase semi -volatile compounds: PAH, oxyPAH, nitroPAH, dioxins, furans, hopanes, steranes, carpanes, polar organics, high molecular weight alkanes and cycloalkanes, dioxins, furans I Animal Exposure chamber (no animals present) PM mass using Teflo filter, size and number using EEPS, real time total PM using DMM-230, real-time soot usin g MSS, OC/EC collection using a pair of quartz filters, and semi-continuous OC/EC (very limited use) J Proportional bag sample for hydrocarbon speciation of C 2 through C 12 compounds K Horiba MEXA 7200 for THC, CO, CO 2 , NO X , NO analyzer, and CH 4 analyzer L FTIR for nitrogen compounds



### FIGURE 5. OVERALL SAMPLING SYSTEMREPORT 03.13062 

### 10 of 84 FIGURE 6. EXPOSURE CHAMBER

FIGURE 7. ZEFLUOR FILTER (8 X 10-INCH) AND XAD ASSEMBLYREPORT 03.13062 

### 11 of 84 3.0 TEST MATRIX

Table 4 shows the series of tests performed fo r each of the four candidate ACES engines. For the backup engine, the test included only re gulated emissions using Modes 1, 3, and 5, and the hot-start FTP with and without blow-by at SwRI's San Antonio elevation, and at LRRI's, Albuquerque simulated elevation. Table 5 shows the detailed test matrix for each engine in the order it was tested, along with th e length of each test cycle.

Table 6 shows the measurements done for each test performed on each engine. Figures 8 through 11 show the percent normalized torque and sp eed profiles for the different cycles used in ACES Phase 1. Normalized engine torque is defined as the actual torque over the maximum torque produced by the engine. Normalized engine speed is defined as ( actual speed –warm-idle speed)/(rated power speed – warm-idle). Thus it is possible for the normalized speed to be over 100 percent, if the actual engine sp eed is higher than the rated speed.

TABLE 4. NUMBER OF REGULATED A ND UNREGULATED EMISSIONS TESTS FOR EACH ENGINE

Cycle Regulated Pollutants Unregulated Hot-Start FTP 3 a,h Mode 1, rated speed, 100% load 3 a,h Mode 3, rated speed, 50% load 3 a,h Mode 5, peak torque speed, 100% load 3 a,h
Cold-Start FTP 1 a,h
Hot-Start FTP 6 b 6 b Composite CARB HHDDE Cycle Mode 1, 2, and 5 (creep, transient, and idle), CARBX-ICT 2 2 Composite CARB HHDDE Cycle Mode 3 and 4 (cruise and high-speed cruise), CARBZ-CH 2 2 16-Hour Transient Cycle 3 3

Tunnel Blanks c,d 4 for Engine A and 3 for others 4 for Engine A and 3 for others Tunnel Background e,f 1 Dioxins and Furans g 1

a Only real time particle size, number, total mass, and solid mass were performed for these tests.
b Three hot-start FTP runs with blow-by and three without blow-by.

c Tunnel blank is a 20-minute test run exactly like an engine test, except the engine is off.
d One tunnel blank after cleaning CVS tunnel but before running the Engine. A second tunnel blank after finishing the six hot-start FTP runs, which is also before starting the CARB composite modes. A third tunnel blank after finishing the CARB composite modes but before the 16-Hour transient cycle. A fourth tunnel blank after finishing the 16 -Hour transient cycle.

e Tunnel background is a 16-Hour test where samp les are taken from the dilution air immediately downstream of the CVS HEPA filter.
f Tunnel background dilution air was collected for 16 hours using 8 x 10 Zefluor filter followed by four XAD traps.

g Dioxins and furans were collected se parately for 16 hours on Engines A, C, and D using 8 x 10 Zefluor filters followed by four XAD traps. h Data were shared with each engine manufacturer to make sure that the engine emissions performance complied with the manufacturer's expectation and to get approval to proceed with the program.REPORT 03.13062 

### 12 of 84 TABLE 5. DETAILED TEST MATRIX FOR EACH ACES ENGINE

Test Regulated Pollutants (No. of Runs) Unregulated (No. of Runs) Cycle Length Tunnel Blank No. 1 1 1 20 minutes
Hot-Start FTP 3 a 20 minutes Mode 1 3 a 20 minutes Mode 3 3 a 20 minutes Mode 5 3 a 20 minutes Cold-Start FTP 1 a 20 minutes
Hot-Start FTP 6 b 6 b 20 minutes Tunnel Blank No. 2 1 1 20 minutes Composite CARB HHDDE Cycle Modes 1, 2, and 5 (idle, creep, transient), CARBx-ICT 2 2 39 minutes

Composite CARB HHDDE Cycle Modes 3 and 4 (cruise and high-speed cruise), CARBz-CH 2 2 48 minutes

Tunnel Blank No. 3 1 1 20 minutes 16-Hour Transient Cycle c (Three Repeats) 1

1

1 1

1

1 16 hours

16 hours

16 hours

Tunnel Blank No. 4 1 1 20 minutes Tunnel Background No. 1 N/A 1 16 hours
Dioxins/Furans d 16 hours

a Only real time particle size, number, total mass, solid mass, and semi-continuous OC was performed for these modes.
b Three hot-start FTP runs with blow-by and three without blow-by.

c Each 16-Hour cycle (four runs of 4-hour segments), ran over a two-day period, at 8 hours per day.
d Dioxins/furans collection was performed on Engines A, C, and D only, along with a separate tunnel background for each run.REPORT 03.13062 

### 13 of 84 TABLE 6. SAMPLING/ANALYSIS MATRIX FOR REGULATED AND UNREGULATED EMISSIONS ON EACH ACES ENGINE

Parameter; Analytical Method(s) Media FTPHot StartW/O Blowby FTP HotStartW Blowby CARBxICT CARBzCH 16-Hr Transient

Cycle Tunnel Blank 16-Hr Tunnel Background Background Corrected a ? Total Hydrocarbon (THC) FID 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 Yes

Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) Chemiluminescent 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 Yes

Carbon Monoxide (CO) NDIR 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 Yes

Particulate Matter (PM) 47 mm Teflon ®
membrane filter 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

NO2 Chemiluminescent 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 Yes

N 2 O FTIR 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

OC/EC Quartz filter 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

Particle Size and Number EEPS 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

Real Time PM DMM-230 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

Metals, elements; ICP/MS Fluoropore® filter + DI Water Impinger 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

Ca, P, S, K, Fe, Si, Na; EDXRF Fluoropore® filter 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

Inorganic ions and acids; IC Fluoropore® filter + DI Water Impinger 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

pH, H+; pH, Titration DI Water Impinger 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

Cyanide, Cr(VI) ; GC-ECD, ICP/MS KOH Impinger 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

SO 2 ; IC H 2 O 2 Impinger 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No Gas phase hydrocarbons (C2–C12a;GC-FID Tedlar® Bag 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 Yes

Carbonyl compounds; HPLC-UV DNPH Impinger 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 Yes

Alcohols; GC-FID DI Water Impinger 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 Yes

Dioxins and Furans; HRGC/HRMS Zefluor® Filter + XAD® Cartridge 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Yes

Selected VOCs; GC/MS SUMMA® Canister 3 3 2 2 1 3 0 No

PAH; GC/MS 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 No nitroPAH; GC/MS 3 3 2 2 1 3 1 No Hopane/Steranes/Carpanes; GC/MS 3 3 2 2 3 3 0 No

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cyclo- and branched (C14-C40); GC/MS 3 3 2 2 1 3 0 No

Polar compounds, Oxygenated PAH, Organic Acids; GC/MS Zefluor® Filter + XAD® Cartridge

3 3 2 2 1 3 1 No

Nitrosamines; GC/MS Thermosorb® 3 3 2 2 1 3 0 No

a Background corrected means that a sample of the background dilu tion air taken from downstream of the HEPA filter in the CVS tu nnel is analyzed for the same species concentration measured in the dilu te exhaust, and then subtracted from the dilute exhaust species concentration using the following equation: Xbgc=Xm –(1-1/DR)*Xbg, where Xbgc is the corrected concentration, Xm is the measured concentratio n, and Xbg is the background concentration of the species of interest.REPORT 03.13062 

### 14 of 84 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time (sec)Speed, Torque (%)

Speed Torque


### FIGURE 8. FTP TRANSIENT CYCLE NORMALIZED TORQUE AND SPEED PROFILES

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Time (sec)Speed, Torque (%)

Speed Torque


### FIGURE 9. CARBX-ICT CYCLE NORMAL IZED TORQUE AND SPEED PROFILESREPORT 03.13062 

### 15 of 84 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Time (sec)Speed, Torque (%)

Speed Torque


### FIGURE 10. CARBZ-CH CYCLE NORMALIZ ED TORQUE AND SPEED PROFILES

FIGURE 11. FOUR-HOUR REPEATED SEGM ENT OF THE NORMALIZED TORQUE AND SPEED PROFILES FOR THE 16-HOUR CYCLEREPORT 03.13062 

### 16 of 84 4.0 PROCEDURES

Tasks performed prior to and during engine testing are described in this section.

4.1 Full Flow Constant Volume Sampler Tunnel Cleanup and Conditioning

In Project E-66, it was learned that the PM emissions reported usi ng tunnel blank filter collection without engine operation is similar to that reported using a diesel engine equipped with a DPF. It is also known from previous wo rk and from Project E-66 [4] that the history of operation of the full flow CVS using different technology engines affects the time required for unregulated and PM emission measurement stabi lization. For example, during Project E-66, it took a total of 10 hours of continuou s engine operation at rated power to stabilize PM emissions. Therefore, prior to test cell engine installati on for the ACES project, a thorough full flow CVS tunnel cleaning was performed. Due to the ve ry low PM and unregulated emission levels expected from the 2007 engines, it was important to clean the internal su rface of the tunnel to remove any adsorbed material that could in terfere with PM and unregulated emissions measurements. Volatile and semi-volatile materi als that may have adsorbed onto the internal surface of the tunnel or the surface soot layer could desorb during an engine run or when sampling a tunnel blank. The tunnel was comple tely removed from the test cell and cleaned using a small amount of Simple Green detergent and power washed and ri nsed using water. Figures 12 and 13 shows the CVS sample zone before and after cleaning.

FIGURE 12. CVS SAMPLE ZONE BEFORE CLEANINGREPORT 03.13062 

### 17 of 84 FIGURE 13. CVS SAMPLE ZONE AFTER CLEANING

After the tunnel was cleaned, reassembled, and verified via propane recovery checks, the first 2007 engine, Engine A, was inst alled in the test cell with ne w stainless steel exhaust piping to the CVS. The length of the exhaust pipe between the DPF exit and the CVS inlet was on the order of 12 feet. This section was heated or in sulated. Next, the engine was power validated to make sure it performed as expected by the manufacturer. Engine and sampling system conditioning was then performed by running the engine at rated power while operating the sampling systems for a period of 10 hours. The test sequence for subsequent engines did not include tunnel cleaning, but did include tunne l conditioning, similar to the first engine.

4.2 Regulated Emissions Measurements

Regulated emissions including NO x 

### , CO, and NMHC were measured in accordance with CFR Part 1065 using a Horiba MEXA-7000 series emission bench. NO x 

### was measured using the chemiluminescent detection method. CO was m easured using the non-dispersive infrared detection method, and NMHC was determined by taking the difference between THC and methane measurements using the flame ionization detection method.

Regulated PM was measured using a single Teflon ® 

### membrane (Pall Teflo ® 

### ) filter, 47 mm in diameter that was maintained at 47 o 

### C ± 5°C in accordance with CFR Part 1065. The filter face velocity was maintained close to 100 cm/sec. The filter room used for filter conditioning and weighing was maintained in accordance w ith CFR Part 1065 requirements. The filter weighing procedure included three f ilter pre and three filter post we ights. The averages of the pre and post weights were used to determine th e filter weight gain. In Project E-66, SwRIREPORT 03.13062 

### 18 of 84 demonstrated a filter weighing variability of less than ±2.5 μ g (one standard deviation) using Teflon ® 

### membrane filters.

4.3 Sampling and Analysis of Unregulated Emissions

Analysis of unregulated emissions was perf ormed at SwRI and at DRI. A summary of analytical responsibilities and notes on methodology are presented in Table 7.

SwRI determined ions by ion chromatogra phy, metals and other elements by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS); and selected air pollutants by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Speciation of C 1 

### through C 12 

### hydrocarbons including alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones was performed using GC and high performance liqui d chromatography (HPLC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used primarily for continuous monitoring of N 2 

### O. SwRI utilized dual chemiluminescent NO x 

### detectors, one operating in NO mode and one in NO x 

### mode, so an accurate determination of NO 2 

### could be made as the difference between NO x 

### and NO. Cyanide samples were collected in impingers and analyzed by GC-ECD. Dioxins and furans samples were collected on an 8 by 10-inch filter followed by four XAD traps, and were analyzed in accordance with EPA Method 8290 using high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS).

For the animal exposure chamber, real-time pa rticle size distribution was measured using the TSI engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS); real time PM ma ss was measured with the Dekati DMM-230; real time soot mass was measured by th e AVL micro-soot sensor (MSS); and organic carbon was measured using the Sunset Labo ratories OC/EC instrument with Zefluor ® 

### filters. During engine and CVS conditioning and stabiliza tion, OC/EC quartz filters were also used with the animal exposure chamber using a primary a nd a backup 47 mm quartz filter. The quartz filters were then analyzed for OC/EC by DRI.

DRI provided analyses for hopanes, ster anes, polar compounds, heavy alkanes (>C 12 

### ), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitroPAH, oxyPAH, and organic acids. DRI also provided analyses for OC/EC and nitrosamines, as well as a subset of metals and elements that were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy.

4.3.1 Filter and XAD Sample Collection for Chemical Analysis

For the collection of filter and XAD ® 

### samples for chemical analysis, SwRI used a large supplemental secondary dilution tunnel that permitted the use of an 8 by 10-inch (203 by 254 mm) Zefluor ® 

### filter followed by four 4-inch diameter XAD ® 

### cartridges that were sampling in parallel, downstream of the filter. The nomi nal flow rate through the filter and four XAD ® 

### cartridges was about 1700 slpm.REPORT 03.13062 

### 19 of 84 TABLE 7. SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY AND RESPONSIBILITY

Analyte Class Notes Method Laboratory

Metals and Elements 47 mm Teflo ® filter, 28 slpm ICP/MS, ICP SwRI

Ions Water Impinger (4 slpm), 47 mm TX-40 filter (28 slpm) IC SwRI

Fuel/Oil PM Contribution 47 mm TX-40 filter, selected samples only, 28 slpm DFI/GC SwRI
Hydrogen Ion H +



### , water impinger, 4 slpm Titration SwRI Cyanide Ion Impinger, 4 slpm GC/ECD SwRI VOC (C 1 – C 12 ) Tedlar ® bag GC/FID SwRI Carbonyl compounds DNPH impingers, 4 slpm HPLC SwRI Alcohols DI water impinger, 4 slpm GC/FID SwRI

Selected VOCs Solid sorbent, 1 slpm (nitromethane, nitropropane, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide) GC/MS SwRI

Dioxins/Furans One sample per engine, on 16-hr integrated sample, gas- and particle-phase extracts analyzed together, 1700 slpm GC/MS SwRI

Real Time Total PM 1Hz, 10 slpm DMM-230 SwRI Real Time Soot 1Hz, 2 slpm MSS SwRI Real Time PM Size and Number 1Hz, 10 slpm EEPS SwRI

Metals and Elements 47 mm Teflo ® filter, 28 slpm EDXRF DRI

PAH Gas- and particle-phase extracts analyzed together, except 16-Hour integrated sample, 1700 slpm GC/MS DRI

NitroPAH Gas- and particle-phase extracts analyzed together, except 16-Hour integrated sample, 1700 slpm GC/MS DRI

Hopanes, Steranes Gas- and particle-phase extracts analyzed together, except 16-Hour integrated sample, 1700 slpm GC/MS DRI

Polar compounds Gas- and particle-phase extracts analyzed together, except 16-Hour integrated sample, 1700 slpm GC/MS DRI

Other SVOC (C 14 -C 40 ) Gas- and particle-phase extracts analyzed together, except 16-Hour integrated sample, 1700 slpm GC/MS DRI

Nitrosamines Thermosorb N®, 1 slpm GC/MS DRI
OC/EC Quartz filters, 58 slpm TOR and TOT DRIREPORT 03.13062 

### 20 of 84 The breakthrough volume of semi-volat ile and volatile components for XAD ® 

### adsorbent is not known. However, XAD ® 

### resins are known to have much higher collection efficiency for naphthalene and other volatile PAH than polyure thane foam (PUF) alone.[5, 6] Experiments performed at the University of Californi a, Los Angeles with three layers of XAD ® 

### , 10 g each, showed that the first layer coll ected 93-97 percent of naphthalene and other semi-volatile PAH, such as fluoranthene and pyrene (24- hrs sampling, 113 LPM). Thus, 20 g of XAD ® 

### should be sufficient to collect most of the compounds of inte rest. However, to check the validity of this approach, primary and backup XAD ® 

### cartridges were used and ex tracted separately, and all primary and backup XAD ® 

### cartridges were analyzed for break through for the 16-Hour cycle. For the rest of the cycles, backup XAD ® 

### cartridges were analyzed for three FTP runs performed on the first engine tested, Engine A. The remainder of the extrac ts for the rest of cycles and engines were saved by DRI, but not analyzed.

4.3.2 Ions and Inorganic Acids

Samples were collected in impingers cont aining a potassium hydroxide solution and analyzed for cyanide ion via GC-ECD (Electron Capture Detector). The GC-ECD procedure for cyanide analysis was developed at SwRI and published in EPA document 600-2-80-068, “Analytical Procedures for Characterizing Unregu lated Emissions from Ve hicles Using MiddleDistillate Fuels,” 1980.

Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) was collected using a modified EPA Method 061 and analyzed by EPA 7199. Similar to cyanide, an impinger filled with a potassium hydroxide solution was used to collect the Cr(VI), and the impinger solution was subsequently analyzed by ion chromatography.

Anions and cations (NH 4 + 

### , NO 2 - 

### , NO 3 - 

### , SO 4 2- 

### ), and inorganic acids (HNO 2 

### , HNO 3 

### , H 2 

### SO 4 

### ) samples were collected on Teflon membrane filters, and by water impingers. Filters were extracted to remove the analytes of in terest, and the extract was analyzed using ion chromatography (IC). Impinger solutions were analyzed by IC as well; however, it was not possible to differentiate between an ions and cations from ionic specie s versus inorganic acids. In addition, it should be noted that NO 2 

### passing through water may form HNO 2 

### and HNO 3 

### . A titration to determine the H + 

### concentration was performed, and the pH was measured.

4.3.3 Metals and Elements

Filter samples were analyzed with ICP/MS a nd EDXRF to ensure that analyses for all required elements were covered with adequate dete ction limits. Total Br, Cl, S, K, Na, P, Ca, Fe, and Si were determined by energy di spersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF).

The particulate filters for ICP/MS metals anal ysis were digested w ith high purity acids. The majority of the metals were analyzed via ICP/MS using EPA SW-846 Method 6020 to get the lowest possible detection limits. The ICP/MS method has been used for analysis of motor vehicle samples by several investigators [7]. Blank filters were an alyzed to assess any contribution from the media and th e extraction/digestion solutions.REPORT 03.13062 

### 21 of 84 The ICP/MS instrument is standardized using NIST traceable standard reference materials. Prior to analyzing any samples, the standardization is verified with a second NIST traceable reference material. This second standard is from a different lot or manufacturer than the first standardization material. Immediately after the second sta ndard is run, a blank is run to verify the zero setting. The second standard is required to be within 90-110 percent recovery of the certified value. The absolute value of the check blank is required to be below the reporting limit for the analyte. If either condition has not been met, the analysis would be terminated and the instrument re-standardized and re-checked. The standard and check blank are re-run after every 10 samples, and at the end of the run to ensure that the instrument remains in control throughout the entire run. If a stan dard falls out of the control lim its, the analysis is terminated, the instrument re-standardized, and all samples si nce the last compliant standard are re-run. As an internal check, duplicate anal yses are performed on approximate ly ten percent of samples, selected at random.

Tunnel blank samples were collected for each analyte as designated in Table 6.

4.3.4 Selected Volatile Organic Compounds

Samples for the selected volatile organi c compounds (nitromethane, nitropropane, hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide), were collected in sample bags and sorbent traps specific to the analytes. They were analyzed by GC/MS. SwRI Test and Analysis Procedures TAP 0404014 and 0404015 were utilized. TAP 0404014 is based upon EPA method TO-15, which uses a combination of multi-sor bent tubes and cryogenic focusing for sample concentration with subsequent analysis by GC/MS. TAP 0404015 is based upon SW-846 Method 5040 and covers the determination of volatile organi c compounds (VOCs), collected on Tenax ® 

### and Tenax ® 

### /charcoal sorbent cartridges us ing a volatile organi c sampling train (VOST). This method was utilized in conjunction with an appropr iate analytical method, SW-846 8240, Volatile Analysis by GC/MS. Because a majority of gas streams sampled using VOST will contain a high concentration of water, the analytical method is based on the quantitative thermal desorption of volatile compounds from the Tenax ® 

### and Tenax ® 

### /charcoal traps with analysis by purge and trap GC/MS. The contents of the so rbent cartridges are spiked with an internal standard/surrogate solution and thermally desorbed with organic free nitrogen or helium, bubbled through organic-free water and tr apped on an analytical absorben t trap. After the purge, the analytical trap is dry purg ed for two additional minutes, then heated rapidly to 240° C 

### , with the carrier flow reversed so the effluent flow from th e analytical trap is directed to the GC/MS. The VOCs are separated by temperature-programme d gas chromatography and detected by lowresolution mass spectrometry. The concentrations of VOCs are calculated using the internal standard technique. Tunnel blank samples were collected for each analyte as specified in Table 6.

4.3.5 Hydrocarbon Speciation of C 2 

### Through C 12 

### Compounds

Vapor phase C 2 

### to C 12 

### hydrocarbon species were sampled with Tedlar ® 

### bags from the primary dilution tunnel. Analysis of these samples was conducted within five to 10 minutes after collection to avoid degradation of the more reactive species, su ch as 1,3-butadiene. Carbonyls and alcohols were sampled from the primary dilution tunnel via impingers. Alcohols were collected in impingers filled with deioni zed water, and carbonyls with a solution ofREPORT 03.13062 

### 22 of 84 dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in acetonitrile. To minimize degradation, aldehyde samples were analyzed as soon as the sampling was completed.

The analytical procedures used for conducting hydroc arbon speciation (C 2 

### to C 12 

### hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ketones, and alcohols ) are similar to the CRC Auto/Oil Phase II protocols. With these methods, exhaust emissions samples are analyzed for the presence of more than 200 different exhaust species. Four GC pr ocedures and one HPLC procedure are used to identify and quantify compounds. A brief descri ption of these procedures is given below.

The first GC procedure uses a 15 m x 0.53 mm I.D. DB-WAX (1μm film) pre-column and a 50 m x 0.53 mm I.D. (10 femtometer film) Alumina PLOT/KCI (Carbopack ® 

### ) column to permit the separation and determinati on of exhaust concentrations of C 1 

### -C 4 

### individual hydrocarbon species, including ethane, ethylene, acetylene, propane, propylene, propadiene, butane, trans-2-butene, 1-butyne, and cis-2-butene. Bag samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization de tector (FID). The gas chromatograph system utilizes two analytical columns. The carrier gas is helium. An external multiple component standard in zero air is used to quantify the resu lts. Detection limits for the procedure are on the order of 5 ppbC in dilute exhaust for all compounds.

The second GC procedure uses a 60 m x 0.32 mm I.D. (10 μm film) DB-1 column to provide separation and exhaust concentrations for more than 100 C 5 

### -C 12 

### individual HC compounds. Bag samples are analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The GC system utilizes a FID, a pneumatically operated and electrically controlled valve, and an analytical co lumn. The carrier gas is helium. An external multiple component standard in zero air is used to quantify the results. Detection limits for the procedure are on the order of 10 ppbC in dilute exhaust for all compounds.

The third GC procedure uses a separate sy stem configured similarly to the second GC method to determine individual concentrations of benzene and toluene according to CRC Auto/Oil Phase II Protocols. The third GC utilizes a 30 m x 0.25 mm I.D. (0.25 μm film) DB-5 column instead of a DB-1 column.

An HPLC with a Zorbax ® 

### octadecasilane (ODS) column was utilized for the analysis of aldehydes and ketones. Sample s were collected in impingers with a solution of DNPH in acetonitrile. For analysis, a portion of the a cetonitrile solution was injected into a liquid chromatograph equipped with an ultraviolet (UV) detector. External standards of the aldehyde and ketone DNPH deriva tives were used to quantify the results.

For alcohols, sample collection was pe rformed by bubbling dilu ted exhaust through deionized water in a series of impingers. An al iquot of the solution was subsequently analyzed for alcohols using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. External standards were used to quantify the results.

For each sample set, a background (diluti on air) sample was collected. Tunnel blank samples were collected for each analyte as specified in Table 6.REPORT 03.13062 

### 23 of 84 4.3.6 Dioxins and Furans

As discussed above, sampling for dioxins a nd furans utilized an 8 by 10-inch Zefluor ® 

### filter followed by four 4 inch XAD cartridges. This approach was required to achieve the extremely low detection limits required for these an alytes. The analytical protocol followed for analysis of dioxins and furans (PCDD or PC DF) is EPA Method 8290. The instruments used included a VG AutoSpec high reso lution gas chromatograph/high resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS), a Fisons AutoSpec Ultima HR GC/HRMS, and a Micromass AutoSpec Ultima HRGC/HRMS. The sample was spiked with a so lution containing specified amounts of each of the nine isotopically ( 13 

### C 12 

### ) labeled PCDDs/PCDFs listed in th e method. The sample was then extracted according to a matrix-specifi c extraction procedure and analyzed.

A tunnel background sample was colle cted as specified in Table 4.

4.3.7 Elemental Carbon/Organic Carbon

SwRI used the Sunset Laboratories se mi-continuous instrume nt with a Zefluor ® 

### filter for OC analysis during tunnel conditioning and stab ilization. SwRI used th is method extensively during Project E-66. The use of this instrument was intended to suppo rt the sampling system conditioning efforts by providing in formation on the stability of OC emissions. These efforts were not successful because the engines went into active DPF regeneration at least two times during the 10 hours of conditioni ng. Due to the high temperat ures experienced during active regeneration, the 10 hours of conditioning was deem ed to be sufficient prior to starting the official testing.

For OC/EC collection and analysis during offi cial testing, SwRI did not use the semicontinuous OC/EC analyzer. Inst ead, SwRI collected PM from the animal exposure chamber on a primary and a backup quartz filter. These filters were analyzed for OC/EC by DRI using thermal optical reflectance (TOR) and thermal optical transmittance (TOT).

4.3.8 Particulate- and Gas-Phase Organic Compounds

Among the many particulate and semi-vol atile organic compounds (SVOC) are the following groups of compounds: PAH, oxyPAH, ni troPAH, hopanes/steranes, higher molecular weight alkanes, cycloalkanes, higher molecula r weight aromatics, and certain polar organic compounds. Sampling was performed with an 8 by 10 inch Zefluor PM filter followed by four, 4-inch traps containing XAD-4 resin. For analys is, a Varian 4000 Ion Trap in electron impact (EI) mode, and a Varian 1200 triple quadrupole GC/MS operating in negative chemical ionization (CI) mode was used for nitroPAH co mpounds. Negative CI offers a superior sensitivity for the analysis of nitroPAH (approxi mately 100 times higher than EI or positive CI) and other compounds with electro n-withdrawing substituents, but not for regular PAH and hydrocarbons. Because nitroPAH are expected to be present at a very low level, this superior sensitivity and selectivity was necessary.

Sampling materials were prepared by DRI a nd shipped to SwRI. Prior to sampling, XAD-4 resins were extracted with methanol followed by dichloromethane (CH 2 

### Cl 2 

### ), using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor (Dionex 3000). The cleaned resi n was dried in a vacuum oven heated to 40 oC and stored in sealed glass cont ainers in a clean freezer. The filters were cleanedREPORT 03.13062 

### 24 of 84 by sonification in CH 2 

### Cl 2 

### for 30 minutes, followed by a nother 30-minute sonification in methanol. The filters were then dried, placed in aluminum foil, and labeled. Each batch of precleaned XAD-4 resin and approximately 10 percent of pre-cleaned filters was checked for purity by solvent extraction and GC/MS analysis of the extracts. The XAD-4 resins were assembled into glass cartridges (20 g of XA D) and stored in a clean freeze r prior to shipment to SwRI.

All samples returned from SwRI were stored in a freezer prior to extraction. All samples were extracted within two week s of being received at DRI.

Prior to extraction, the following deuterated inte rnal standards were added to each filter and XAD sorbent: naphthalene-d8, biphenyl -d10, acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10, anthracene-d10, pyrene-d12, benz(a)anthracen e-d12, chrysene-d12, benzo[e]pyrene-d12, benzo[a]pyrene-d12, benzo[g,h,i]perylene-d12, co ronene-d12, cholestane-d6, hexadecane-d34, eicosane-d42, hexatriacontane-d74, 2-nitrodi phenyl-d9, 1-nitropyrne -d9, benzoic-d6 acid, phthalic 3,4,5,6-d4 acid, hexanoic-d11 acid, hept adecanoic-d33 acid, and myristic-d27 acid.

Filters and XAD-4 resins were extracted w ith dichloromethane using the Dionex ASE followed by acetone extraction under the same conditions. The dichloromethane extraction method has been reported to yield high recovery of PAH [8] and nitroPAH [9,10]. Dichloromethane extraction follo wed by acetone also gave good r ecovery for PAH, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes, hopanes, st eranes, and polar organic compounds.

All extracts were then concentrated by rota ry evaporation at 35°C under gentle vacuum to approximately 1 mL and filtered through a 0.2 μ m PTFE disposal filter device (Whatman Pura discTM 25TF), rinsing the flask 3 times with 1 mL dichloromethane and acetone (50/50 by volume) each time. The extract was split into tw o fractions (polar and non-polar analyses) and was solvent exchanged to acetonitril e under ultra-high purity nitrogen.

The extracts were analyzed first by GC/MS fo r higher molecular weight (C>15) aliphatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes. Subsequently, th e extracts were pre-cleaned by the solid-phase extraction technique. Superclean LC-SI SPE cartr idges (Supelco) were se quentially eluted with hexane, and hexane/benzene (1:1). The hexa ne fraction contains the non-polar aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkanes), and hopanes and steranes , and the hexane/benzene fraction contains PAH and nitroPAH. These two fractions were concentrated to ap proximately 100 μL and analyzed by GC/MS for hopanes, steranes, PAH and oxyPAH. For nitroPAH, the extracts were further pre-cleaned by the soli d-phase extraction technique, using aminopropyl (NH2) SPE cartridges (Waters), with sequent ial elution with hexane/DCM, 98/2 v/v and hexane/DCM 80/20 v/v as described by Bamford et al . [11]. For nitro- and dinitroP AH analysis, these fractions were further cleaned by semi-preparative normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique (Waters). The Chromega bond Amino Cyano 25 cm x 9.6 mm column (ES Industries, West Berlin, NJ) and isocratic elution with 20 per cent DCM in hexane were used [11]. The fraction corresponding to nitro- and dinitroPAH was collected and analyzed by negative ion chemical ionization GC/MS. The fr action for the polar anal ysis was derivatized using a mixture of bis(trimet hylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and pyridine to convert the polar compounds into their trimethylsilyl derivatives for analysis of or ganic acids, phenol and cresol.REPORT 03.13062 

### 25 of 84 The filters and XAD ® 

### extracts were analyzed by GC/MS, using a Varian CP-3800 GC equipped with a CP8400 auto sampler and interfaced to a Varian 4000 Ion Trap. Due to the high sensitivity of Ion Trap MS, it was used for analys is of all gas-phase and particulate phase organic compounds, with the exception of the nitroPAH compounds, which utilized the electron impact (EI) ionization method. Injections (1 μL) were made in the sp litless mode onto a 30m 5 percent phenylmethylsilicone fused-silica capillary column (DB-5ms, J&W Scientific or equivalent). Quantification of the individual compounds was obtained by the selectiv e ion storage (SIS) technique, monitoring the molecular (or the most characteristic) ion of each compound of interest and the corresponding deuterated internal standard. Calibration curves for the GC/MS quantification were made for the most abundant an d characteristic ion peaks of the compounds of interest using the deuterated species most closely matched in vol atility and retention characteristics as internal st andards. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1647 (certifi ed PAH) with the addition of deuterated internal standards and of those compounds not present in the SRM (i.e., oxyPAH, nitroPAH, hopane, steranes, carpanes, hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes ) were used to make calibration solutions. A six- to eight-level calibration was performe d for each compound of interest and the calibration check (using median calibration standards) was run every 10 samples to check for accuracy of analyses. If the relative accuracy of measurement (defined as a percentage difference from the standard value) was greater than 20 pe rcent, the instrument was recalibrated.

NitroPAH was analyzed using the Varian 1200 triple quadrupole gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS/MS) sy stem with a CP-8400 auto sampler. The tandem MS/MS system allows for structural elucidation of unknown compounds with precursor, product and neutral loss scan. The GC interf ace allows for sensitive analyses of complex mixtures in electron impact (EI) as well as positive and negative chemical ionization (CI) mode. Negative CI offers superior sensitivity for th e analysis of nitroPAH (approximately 100 times higher than EI or positive CI) that could be emitted from co mbustion sources, including motor vehicle engines. The sensitivity of this instrument in full scan EI/MS mode is approximately 1 pg/μl with a 20:1 signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). In EI/MS SIM mode it reach es 50 fg/ul with a 10:1 S/N. For negative CI, 10 fg/ul of octafluoronapht halene gives a S/N of 20:1. This superior sensitivity offers the advantag e of analyzing small samples co llected during a short sampling time.

4.3.9 Nitrosamines

Nitrosamines were collected on Thermoso rb/N adsorbent cartridges using a Teflon ® 

### sample probe. Samples were quantified using modified EPA Method TO-7, which specifies analysis by GC/MS. Th e cartridge samples were collected fro m the primary dilu tion tunnel. The cartridges were eluted with a mixture of 25 per cent methanol and 75 percent dichloromethane. The first 1.8 ml was collected for the GC/M S analysis, using the Varian 1200 GC/MS/MS system operating in negative CI mode. Injections (1 ul) were made in th e splitless mode onto a CP WAX 51 capillary column (25 m long, 0.25 mm id). Quantification of the individual compounds was obtained by the multiple ion de tection (MID) technique, monitoring the molecular ion of each compound of interest and th e corresponding deuterated internal standard.REPORT 03.13062 

### 26 of 84 4.3.10 Real Time PM Size, Number, Total and Soot Mass

Particle size distribution and number concentr ation were measured using a TSI EEPS, as shown in Figure 14. The instrument covers a particle size range from 5.6 nm to 560 nm, and reports the full size distribution measurement on a 10 Hz basis. The princi ple of operation is to charge particles and mobilize them to deposit on a series of electrometers, each representing a narrow particle size range. The current reading from each electrometer is converted to number concentration.

FIGURE 14. TSI ENGINE EX HAUST PARTICLE SIZER (EEPS)

The Dekati DMM-230, shown in Figure 15, was us ed for real time total particle mass emission measurement on a 1 Hz basis. The prin ciple of operation is to charge particles and deposit the sub-30 nm particles on an electrome ter by electric mobility and the rest of the particles on a series of elect rometer stages by inertial imp action, with each electrometer representing a narrow aerodynamic size range. Th e current reading from each electrometer stage is converted into mass concentra tion using an average apparent de nsity. The apparent density is determined by overlaying the calculated mobility diameter size distribution on top of the aerodynamic diameter size measured distribution.REPORT 03.13062 

### 27 of 84 FIGURE 15. DEKATI MASS MONITOR (DMM-230)

An AVL MSS shown in Figure 16 was used for real time soot mass emission measurement on a 1 Hz basis. This instrument is widely used in engine emission activities focusing on the measurement of soot. The principle of operation is to sligh tly heat soot particles with a pulsed laser beam so the soot particles can generate a sound wave that can be detected by a sensitive microphone. The magnitude of th e electric signal generated by the microphone indicates the mass conc entration of soot.

FIGURE 16. AVL MICRO-SOOT SENSOR (MSS)

4.4 Step-by-Step Engine Testing Procedures

Table 8 shows the general step-by-step pr ocedures that were followed throughout the ACES program, including the various QA/QC checks used. Step 3 (tunnel blanks) were performed after tunnel clean up prior to testing Engine 1, and prior to testing Engine 5. The other steps applied to all engine s. Each engine was conditioned for 20 minutes at rated engine power prior to performing the hot-s tart transient cycles. The engi ne was also conditioned for 20 minutes at rated engine power prior to performing one seri es of the CARB HHDDE 5-modes cycles.REPORT 03.13062 

### 28 of 84 TABLE 8. STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES

Steps Action Items 1 Clean CVS tunnel (done only once before the first engine) 2 Set CVS flows as required

3 Generate a tunnel blank with a sampling time of 20 minutes using a Teflo filter in accordance with Part 1065 4 Perform all necessary calibration required under CFR Part 1065 5 Install engine in test cell 6 Power validate engine and compare the perform ance with that declared by the manufacturer 7 If Step 6 is acceptable, proceed to Step 8, otherwise resolve the performance issues 8 Condition engine and sampling system at near rated engine power for a period of 10 hours 9 Generate an engine torque map at wide open throttle in accordance with CFR Part 1065 10 Run practice FTP transient cycles, and perform the necessary tuning to pass cycle statistics

11 Perform three hot-start transient cycles and meas ure regulated emissions, particle size, number and mass using EEPS, DMM-230, and MSS if available

12 Perform three repeats of Mode 1, Mode 3, and Mode 5 taking regulated emissions with selected particle measurements as in Step 11 13 Compare all regulated brake specific emissions with those determined by the manufacturer

14 Resolve the differences, if any, between SwRI a nd the manufacturer results and proceed with the emission characterization

15 Condition engine and sampling system by performing an “forced” active DPF regeneration prior to an overnight soak 16 Perform one cold-start FTP while sampling for regulated and selected particle measurement as in Step 11

17 Perform three hot-start FTP cycles (without blow-by) with 20 minutes engine-off soak between cycles. Sample for all regulated and unregulated emission species on each run. 18 Condition engine and sampling system by performing an “forced” active DPF regeneration 19 Repeat Step 17, but route engine blow-by to the exhaust in accord ance with CFR Part 1065 20 Generate a tunnel blank with a sampling time of 20 minutes similar to that in Step 3 21 Condition engine and sampling system by performing an “forced” active DPF regeneration

22 Perform two runs of CARBx-ICT for regulated and unregulated emissions with 20 minutes engine-off soak period between runs 23 Condition engine and sampling system by performing an “forced” active DPF regeneration

24 Perform two runs of CARBz-CH for regulated and unregulated emissions with 20 minutes engine-off soak between runs

25 Generate a tunnel blank with a sampling time of 20 minutes, with similar measurements to that in Step 3 26 Condition engine and sampling system by performing an “forced” active DPF regeneration

27 Perform one 16-Hour transient cycle over a period of two days. Sample for all regulated and unregulated emissions. On day 1, run a hot-start for the first 4-hour segment, bring the engine to lowidle for 15 minutes, and run another 4-hour segment, then shut down engine. On day 2, run a coldstart for the first 4-hour segment, bring the engine to low idle for 15 minutes, and then run another 4- hour segment, and shut down engine. 28 Repeat Step 27 twice

29 Repeat Step 27 one more time and collect for diox ins/furans analysis only. (All engines, except Engine B) 30 Generate a tunnel blank with a sampling time of 20 minutes while sampling as in Step 3 31 Generate a tunnel background for 16 hours while sampling as in Step 27 32 Generate a tunnel background for 16 hours while sampling as in Step 29 33 Repeats Steps 4 through 32 with Engine B, but skip Step 29 34 Repeats Steps 4 through 32 with Engine C 35 Repeats Steps 4 through 32 with Engine DREPORT 03.13062 

### 29 of 84 5.0 RESULTS

This section includes all the regulated and unregulated emission species results. Active DPF regeneration took place during some of the runs, as indicated in Table 9. Active DPF regeneration is a state that is defined by the engine control module (ECM) attempting to regenerate the DPF by exhaust fuel injection (dosing), or by starting an exhaust burner, depending on the technology used. An active re generation state may include times where dosing is not active due to a low exhaust temperature or other conditions. Although fuel injection may not be occurring, it is likel y that the engine is still operating differently in an attempt to facilitate the regeneration process by intake air throttli ng or changing the EGR and VGT positioning. For engines using exhaust fuel in jection, these measures are ne cessary to raise the exhaust temperature to the point where fuel injection ma y be enabled and the regeneration can proceed. An active regeneration state may include multiple , separate dosing events until the DPF is "clean." The length of the rege neration event thus is likely to depend on the duty cycle of the engine. More higher load (and therefore higher temperature) operation will allow the regeneration to proceed quicker, resulting in a shorter overall regenerati on time. It should be emphasized that this does not necessari ly apply to every regeneration method.

Engine C had a DPF crack failure during CARBx-ICT and CARBz-CH cycles; these data were excluded from the emission comparison re sults. The engine cont roller provided by the manufacturer was not properly configured for the test cell environment, and consequently would clear the DPF soot load status between tests. It is believed that the DPF failed when an uncontrolled regeneration event wa s triggered with an underest imated DPF soot load. Upon further investigation, the engine manufacturer identified a probl em with the fuel injection system, and recommended replacing the engine. The engine was replace d with an identical engine, and testing resumed for the 16-Hour tests. The CARBx-IC T and CARBz-CH cycles were not re-run due to budgetary and project timing constraints.

Table 9 indicates when active regenerati on occurred and how many times it occurred. The time listed for active regeneration is the time between the beginning and end of a regeneration state for the 16-Hour cycle. The regeneration state time li sted could mean that exhaust fuel dosing is on continuously, or switch ed on and off, depending on engine load, speed, exhaust temperature, or other conditions. Thus, when an active regeneration state is triggered during the FTP cycle, it does not mean that act ive regeneration was occurring continuously for the entire FTP cycle time. It could be "on" fo r 1 to 5 minutes or for the entire time, again, depending on each engine manufacturer's strategy.

Because all the data in the resu lts section will be reported on a brake-specific basis, Table 10 shows the average conversion multiplier for converting from brake-specific emissions to other units of interest such as fuel specific emissions , emissions rate, or concentration. The conversion multipliers were calculated based on the experime ntal data. For example, if the average brakespecific emission for Engine A, FTP-w, is 1 g/hp-hr for a particular compound, it will be 5.16 g/kg of fuel, 98.8 g/hr, and 172 mg/m3 in the exhaust. If one is interested in determining the average concentration in the exposure chamber fo r this particular compou nd, one can then divide the exhaust concentration over th e exposure chamber dilution ratio (46.15). It should be noted that the conversion from brake-specific emissi ons (g/hp-hr) to emission rate (g/hr) is based simply on the average power (hp) of the cycle.REPORT 03.13062 

### 30 of 84 TABLE 9. NUMBER OF ACTIV E REGENERATIONS PER TEST

Number of Regenerations per Cycle Test Cycle Number of Cycles Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D FTP-w 3 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0 FTP-wo 3 1 c 

### , 1 c 

### , 1 c 

### 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0 CARBx-ICT 2 0, 0 0, 0 DPF Crack 0, 0 CARBz-CH 2 0, 1 c 

### 0, 0, 0 DPF Crack 0, 0 16-Hour 3 1, 1, 1 2, 2, 3 1, 1, 1 1, 1, 1 Approximate Time of an Active Regeneration State, minutes (16-Hour Cycle Only) 75 a 

### 90 a 

### 30 a 

### 30 b

a During this time, active regeneration via exhaust fuel injection or via an exhaust burner may or may not be on all the time. E.g. During the 75 minutes with Engine A, exhaust fuel injection may shut off at low exhaust temperature and may come back on at high temperature.
b For Engine D, this is the actual time of the active regeneration

c Dosing occurred during a por tion of each FTP, but under the sa me active regeneration state.



### TABLE 10. CONVERSION MULTIPLIER FR OM BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS TO OTHER UNITS

Test Name Average Exhaust Temp, °C Average Exhaust Flow, m3/hr Average CVS Dilution

Ratio Average Exposure Chamber Dilution

Ratio Average 8x10 Dilution

Ratio Conversion from Brake Specific to Fuel Specific

(g/hp-hr to g/kg of fuel) Conversion from Brake Specific to Emission Rate (g/hp-hr to g/hr) Conversion from Brake Specific to Concentration

(g/hp-hr to

mg/m3) Engine A FTP-w 242 572 27.9 1.65 1.60 5.16 98.8 172.6 FTP-wo 246 572 28.7 1. 63 1.62 4.89 98.3 171.7 CARBx-ICT 156 216 47.1 1.67 1.61 3.41 17.0 78.7 CARBz-CH 296 673 13.4 1. 65 1.60 4.81 137.4 204.1 16 HR 273 550 24.6 1.62 1.89 5.31 108.4 197.0 Engine B FTP-w 239 513 29.9 1.60 1.84 4.94 94.7 184.7 FTP-wo 245 507 30.1 1. 60 1.87 5.24 94.1 185.7 CARBx-ICT 99 275 34.6 1.70 1.77 4.49 19.6 71.4 CARBz-CH 299 588 16.0 1. 73 1.90 5.64 138.5 235.4 16 HR 274 525 21.8 1.52 1.95 5.15 110.8 211.0 Engine C FTP-w 230 362 64.1 1.49 1.38 5.23 81.8 226.2 FTP-wo 230 359 64.1 1. 49 1.56 5.27 81.0 225.7 CARBx-ICT 131 131 88.2 1.52 1.96 3.81 17.6 134.3 CARBz-CH 277 507 25.6 1. 46 1.93 5.69 139.1 274.7 16 HR 260 402 42.7 1.59 2.10 5.64 105.5 262.3 Engine D FTP-w 262 482 42.4 1.57 1.86 5.52 101.5 210.5 FTP-wo 264 478 43.5 1. 57 1.97 5.54 101.3 211.8 CARBx-ICT 138 262 39.3 1.61 1.94 4.21 20.5 78.4 CARBz-CH 314 594 19.5 1. 59 1.84 5.82 147.5 248.2 16 HR 299 527 29.5 1.60 1.95 5.55 118.0 223.9REPORT 03.13062 

### 31 of 84 Based on Table 10, if the aver age brake-specific emissions for CARBx-ICT are a factor of 1.4 higher than the average emissions for the FTP, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle, then the fuel-specific emissions for CARBx-ICT would be at levels similar to the other cycles because of the CARBx-ICT cycle's higher fuel consump tion rate. CARBx-ICT brake-specific emissions, on average, would need to be a factor of 5.5, 8.3, and 6.5 higher than the brake-specific emissions for the FTP, CARBz-CH, and 16-Hour cy cle, respectively, for the g/hr emissions rate to be the same. Thus, it is important to take into consideration thes e conversion factors when comparing emissions among the di fferent engines and cycles.

If one assumes a typical fuel mileage (FM) for heavy-duty trucks, e.g. 6 miles per gallon, one can convert the brake specific emissions (BSE) from g/hp-hr to g/mile by using the following equation:

g/mile = [BSE]/[(BSFC/FD*FM]

BSFC is the measured brake specific fuel consump tion in lb/hp-hr, and FD is the fuel density in lb/gallon (7.12 lb/gallon). The g/mile calculat ion conversion factor is not shown in Table 10. This was done to differentiate calculations base d on measured values, such as those reported in Table 10, from calculations based on assu mptions, such as the equation above.

Table 10 also includes the values of average exhaust temperature, exhaust flow rate, CVS dilution ratio, exposure chamber dilution ratio, and 8 x 10-inch filter dilution ratio. The average exhaust temperature is an indicator of the engi ne-out temperature before the aftertreatment system. This value indicates how much catalytic activity may occur in an aftertreatment system from one cycle to another. The average exhaust flow rate is given in units of standard cubic meters per hour, referenced to 20 degrees Celsiu s and 1 atmosphere pressure. The CVS dilution ratio (DR) is defined as follows:

CVS DR = Total CVS Flow/Exhaust Flow

where the total CVS flow includes both the CVS d ilution air and the exhaust flow. The exposure chamber dilution ratio is the total dilution ratio from exhaust concentration to exposure chamber concentration and is defined as follows:

Exposure Chamber DR = CVS DR*S econdary Exposure Chamber DR

where the secondary exposure chamber DR is the ratio of the total exposure chamber flow to the sample flow extracted from the CVS. The 8 x 10-inc h filter dilution ratio re fers to the ratio from the exhaust concentration to the concentr ation measured by the 8 by 10-inch Zefluor ® 

### filter, XAD cartridges, and the four 47 mm filters. It is defined as:

8x10 DR = CVS DR*Secondary 8 x 10 DR

where the 8 x 10 secondary DR is the ratio of the total flow of the 8 x 10 system to the sample flow extracted from the CVS.REPORT 03.13062 

### 32 of 84 5.1 Fuel and Oil PAHs, Hopanes and Steranes

Figures 17, 18, and 19 show PAH concentration in the fuel and in fresh and used lube oil after 125 hours of degreening. P AH in the lube oil was at a much lower concentration than the PAH in the fuel. However, for PAH speci es such as coronene, dibenzopyrene and dibenzofluoranthene; little to no presence was de tected in the fuel, although some presence was observed in the lube oil. PAH concentration in the lube oil was less than 0.5 ppm, except for Engine B, where it was 7.5 ppm for coronene and 28 ppm for benzo (ghi) perylene. It is not clear why the Engine B lube oil exhibited differe nt concentrations than the other lube oils.

Figures 20 and 21 show the hopanes and steranes present in fresh and used lube oil. The highest hopanes and steranes conc entration was found in Engine D' s lube oil. Engine B lube hopanes were on the same order as Engine D, but th e steranes were lower. Hopanes and steranes may be a good indicator of the lube oil's contribu tion to emissions, since they were not measured in the fuel. Appendix C includes the data on fuel and lube oil PAHs, a nd hopanes and steranes.

Figures 17 through 21 give a vi sual indication of the differe nces in PAHs, hopanes, and steranes concentrations (ratio of mass of species and mass of bulk liquid) between oil and fuel and among the different lube oils. For in depth information, interested readers should look at Appendix C that includes the actua l data on fuel and lube oil PAHs, hopanes and steranes, along with the uncertainty or the limit of detecti on for each compound. It is worth noting that the majority of the data reported ar e above the limit of detection.

5.2 Cycle Work

Table 11 shows the work performed by each e ngine for each cycle tested. The cycle length is 20 minutes for the FTP, 39 minutes for CARBx-ICT, 48 minutes for CARBz-CH, and 16 hours for the 16-Hour cycle. Relative to th e average engine power produced during the FTP cycle, the 16-Hour cycle was 10 percent highe r, the CARBz-CH cycle was 37.5 percent higher, and the CARBx-ICT was 80 percent lower. Esse ntially, CARBx-ICT was at a much lighter engine load than that of the FT P, and it will only pr oduce 20 percent of the work produced by the FTP per unit time.

The cycle work for each engine was very co nsistent, and the coefficient of variation, based on three repeats for th e FTP and 16-Hour cycle, and two repeats for CARBx-ICT and CARBz-CH, was less than one percent for the ma jority of the runs, as shown in Table 11.REPORT 03.13062 

### 33 of 84 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuelug/g mpht_1 m_9phen m_45phen m_2anth pnapone m_3phen m_2phen acquone xanone anthra phenan dbth fl9one m_1fluo b_mfluo a_mfluo jtmnap tm145n fluore ftmnap tm245n etmnap em_21n ctmnap atmnap btmnap tmi235n em_12n bibenz dbzfur m_4bph m_3bph acnape dmn18 dmn12 acnapy d14523 dm1367 dmn267 m_2bph enap12 biphen mnaph1 mnaph2 quinoline naphth



### FIGURE 17. PAH CONCENTRATION IN LUBE OIL AND FUEL SHOWING A PARTIAL LIST OF FUEL PAH COMPOUNDS AT MUCH HIGHER CONCENTRATION THAN IN LUBE OILREPORT 03.13062 

### 34 of 84 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuelug/g bzanthr chr_tr baanth cp_cdpyr phant9 bghifl bzcphen bntiop m_1pyr dmpyfl cmpyfl m_4pyr m_13fl c1mflpy bmpyfl bbfluo bafluo
retene antal9
pyrene fluora c_dmph e_dmph d_dmph dm36ph dm17ph b_dmph a_dmph
anrquone nap2phen m_9ant anthron dbpht mpht_1



### FIGURE 18. PAH CONCENTRATION IN LUBE OIL AND FUEL SHOWING A PARTIAL LIST OF FUEL PAH COMPOUNDS AT HIGHER CONCENTRATION THAN IN LUBE OILREPORT 03.13062 

### 35 of 84 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuelug/g dbbkfl dbahpyr dbaipyr

corone dbaepyr dbalpyr
anthan bghipe dbcgcar pic
bbchr
dbahacan dbajan in123pyr dbajacr
dbahacr
incdfl bpy910dih m_7bpy
mchol3 peryle bapyrn bepyrn
bafl bbjkfl

dmban712 m_7baa chry56m m_3chr baa7_12 b2epht



### FIGURE 19. PAH CONCENTRATION IN LUBE OIL AND FUEL SHOWING A PARTIAL LIST OF FUEL PAH COMPO UNDS LOWER CONCENTRATION THAN IN LUBE OILREPORT 03.13062 

### 36 of 84 Hopanes

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuelug/g hop27 hop26 hop25 hop24 hop23 hop22 hop21 hop20 hop19 hop18 hop17 hop16 hop15 hop14 hop13



### FIGURE 20. HOPANES CONCENTRATION IN LUBE OIL

Steranes

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuelug/g ster53

ster52

ster51

ster50

ster49
ster48_41

ster47

ster46
ster45_40

ster44

ster43

ster42

ster39

ster38

ster37

ster36

ster35



### FIGURE 21. STERANES CONCENTRATION IN LUBE OILREPORT 03.13062 

### 37 of 84 TABLE 11. ENGINE CYCLE WORK

Work, hp-hr SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation

Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B' 1 32.82 31.50 27.52 33.86 32.15 31.59 2 32.93 31.45 27.13 33.72 32.12 31.57 3 32.78 31.56 26.98 33.76 32.17 31.58 Avg 32.85 31.50 27.21 33.78 32.15 31.58 Stdev 0.07 0.05 0.28 0.07 0.03 0.01 FTP-w

COV 0.2% 0.2% 1.0% 0.2% 0.08% 0.03% 1 32.55 31.38 26.98 33.78 32.15 31.58 2 32.74 31.26 26.95 33.71 32.14 31.55 3 32.74 31.26 26.90 33.67 32.10 31.53 Avg 32.68 31.30 26.94 33.72 32.13 31.55 Stdev 0.11 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.03 FTP-wo

COV 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.07% 0.08% 1 12.50 14.20 12.78 15.02 2 12.23 14.33 12.77 14.82 Avg 12.36 14.26 12.78 14.92 Stdev 0.19 0.09 0.01 0.15 CARBx-ICT

COV 1.6% 0.6% 0.0% 1.0% 1 108.71 109.60 103.42 116.39 2 108.10 108.98 107.61 116.38 Avg 108.41 109.29 105.52 116.38 Stdev 0.43 0.44 2.97 0.01 CARBz-CH

COV 0.4% 0.4% 2.8% 0.0% 1 1711.28 1765.09 1686.03 1893.61 2 1728.85 1771.30 1687.33 1876.16 3 1753.33 1775.01 1687.78 1884.45 Avg 1731.15 1770.47 1687.05 1884.74 Stdev 21.12 5.01 0.91 8.73 16-Hour

COV 1.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.5% CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle were not run with this engine



### 5.3 Oxides of Nitrogen (Nitric Oxide, Nitroge n Dioxide, and Nitrous Oxide) Emissions

Table 12 and Figure 22 show the brake-specific NO x 

### emissions. Engine B’, the backup engine, was tested at SwRI's elevation and at the Lovelace simulated elevation for regulated emissions only. At Lovelace elevation, the NO x 

### emission rate was 31 to 33 percent higher than that at SwRI's elevation.

Engine A through D showed different levels of NO x 

### emissions, depending on the cycle used. Average NO x 

### emissions ranged from 0.89 to 1.26 for the FTP-w, 2.97 to 5.22 for the CARBx-ICT, 0.93 to 1.72 for CARBz-CH, and from 1.19 to 1.49 for the 16-Hour cycle. The minimum increase of NO x 

### emissions between the FTP-w cycle and the 16 hour cycle was 6 percent for Engine D, while the maximum increase wa s 56 percent for Engine B. It is interesting to note that the brake specific NO x 

### emissions for Engines A a nd B increased by 37 and 35 percent, respectively for the CARBx-CH cycle relative to the FTP-w, while the emissions decreased by 17 percent for Engine D in the same comparison.REPORT 03.13062 

### 38 of 84 TABLE 12. BRAKE-SPECIFIC NO X 

### EMISSIONS

NO x , g/hp-hr SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'-Alt. 1 1.26 0.88 0.99 1.13 0.97 1.33 2 1.25 0.89 1.05 1.11 0.97 1.31 3 1.28 0.89 1.05 1.13 0.99 1.34 Avg 1.26 0.89 1.03 1.12 0.98 1.33 Stdev 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 FTP-w

COV 1.1% 0.8% 3.2% 0.9% 1.3% 1.0% 1 1.26 0.88 1.04 1.13 0.98 1.34 2 1.25 0.91 1.04 1.10 0.96 1.29 3 1.24 0.89 1.06 1.12 0.97 1.29 Avg 1.25 0.90 1.05 1.11 0.97 1.31 Stdev 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 FTP-wo

COV 0.6% 1.5% 1.4% 1.6% 1.3% 2.1% 1 2.95 4.49 N/A 5.21 2 2.99 4.46 N/A 5.22 Avg 2.97 4.48 N/A 5.22 Stdev 0.03 0.02 N/A 0.01 CARBx-ICT

COV 1.0% 0.4% N/A 0.1% 1 1.53 1.20 N/A 0.91 2 1.90 1.21 N/A 0.95 Avg 1.72 1.20 N/A 0.93 Stdev 0.26 0.01 N/A 0.03 CARBz-CH

COV 15.0% 0.7% N/A 3.1% 1 1.44 1.43 1.46 1.18 2 1.52 1.35 1.37 1.19 3 1.52 1.39 1.44 1.21 Avg 1.49 1.39 1.42 1.19 Stdev 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.01 16-Hour

COV 3.2% 3.0% 3.5% 1.1%

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0NOx (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 1.26 0.89 1.03 1.12 0.98 1.33

FTP-wo 1.25 0.90 1.05 1.11 0.97 1.31

CARBx-ICT 2.97 4.48 0.00 5.22

CARBz-CH 1.72 1.20 0.00 0.93

16-Hour 1.49 1.39 1.42 1.19 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'- Alt.

N/A
Not Run



### FIGURE 22. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC NO X 

### EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 39 of 84 Table 13 and Figure 23 show the NO emission results. Note that NO was not measured for Engine B’. The NO emissions pr ofile may be different from the NO x 

### emissions profile, due to differences in NO 2 

### emissions, which are shown in Table 14 and Figure 24. NO 2 

### was not measured directly, but was calculated by taking the difference between NO x 

### and NO. Table 15 shows the NO 2 

### to NO x 

### ratio. The ratio ranged from 22 pe rcent to 81 percent, depending on the cycle and engine used. Generally, the lowe st ratio was observed with CARBx-ICT and the highest was observed with the FTP. NO 2 

### is produced in combustion, depending on the combustion strategy and temperature and the amount of EGR used. Furthermore, noble metals in the DOC and/or the DPF, particularly platinum, can convert NO to NO 2 

### . Since the engine-out NO 2 

### is not known, it is unknown what the NO 2 

### percent increase is due to the catalyzed aftertreatment devices.

Table 16 and Figure 25 show the N 2 

### O emissions. In general, the N 2 

### O emissions represent less than one percent of total NO x 

### emissions.

5.4 Carbon Monoxide Emissions

The 2007 CO emission standard is 15.5 g/hp-hr . Table 17 and Figure 26 show the brakespecific CO emissions for all engines. Overall, CO emission levels were much lower than the standard for all engines and all cycles. The higher CO emissions with the CARBx-ICT cycle may suggest lower catalyst activity in oxidizing CO to CO 2 

### at the lower exhaust temperatures occurring during this lo w-power test cycle.

5.5 Total Hydrocarbon, Methane, and Non-Methane Hydrocarbon

The NMHC emission standard for 2007 and beyond is 0.14 g/hp-hr. NMHC was determined by taking the difference between THC and CH 4 

### . Tables 18, 19, and 20 show the brake-specific emissions for THC, CH 4 

### , and NMHC, respectively. Similarly, Figures 27, 28, and 29 show the average brake specific emissions fo r all engines and cycles tested. Because the concentrations in the CVS tunnel we re very close to that in the CVS dilution air, the data were noisy after performing a bac kground correction per CFR Part 1065. In general, NMHC emissions were much lower than the 2007 standard.

The same observation made about CO for th e CARBx-ICT cycle can also be made about hydrocarbons. Due to the low exhaust temperat ures of CARBx-ICT, the catalyzed DOC/DPF or DPF only may have provided less HC oxidation resu lting in higher emissions than from the rest of the cycles. So, even on an emission rate ba sis in g/hr, CARBx-ICT will typically generate higher emissions than the rest of the cycles.REPORT 03.13062 

### 40 of 84 TABLE 13. NO EMISSIONS

NO, g/hp-hr Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D
1 0.35 0.17 0.34 0.54 2 0.37 0.11 0.34 0.50 3 0.37 0.22 0.35 0.50 Avg 0.36 0.16 0.34 0.51 Stdev 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.02 FTP-w

COV 2.9% 33.8% 1.7% 3.9%
1 0.47 0.21 0.41 0.51 2 0.44 0.21 0.35 0.53 3 0.47 0.26 0.35 0.48 Avg 0.46 0.23 0.37 0.51 Stdev 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 FTP-wo

COV 4.7% 11.8% 8.4% 5.2%
1 1.62 2.73 N/A 3.82 2 1.87 2.54 N/A 4.36 Avg 1.75 2.64 N/A 4.09 Stdev 0.18 0.13 N/A 0.38 CARBx-ICT

COV 10.3% 5.1% N/A 9.3%
1 0.64 0.29 N/A 0.42
2 1.31 0.30 N/A 0.45 Avg 0.98 0.30 N/A 0.44 Stdev 0.47 0.01 N/A 0.02 CARBz-CH

COV 48.5% 3.2% N/A 5.5%
1 0.53 0.49 0.74 0.62 2 0.57 0.45 0.87 0.62 3 0.52 0.50 0.98 0.66 Avg 0.54 0.48 0.86 0.63 Stdev 0.02 0.03 0.12 0.02 16-Hour

COV 4.1% 5.4% 13.7% 3.5%

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0NO (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.36 0.16 0.34 0.51

FTP-wo 0.46 0.23 0.37 0.51

CARBx-ICT 1.75 2.64 0.00 4.09

CARBz-CH 0.98 0.30 0.00 0.44

16-Hour 0.54 0.48 0.86 0.63 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 23. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC NO EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 41 of 84 TABLE 14. BRAKE-SPECIFIC NO 2 

### EMISSIONS

NO 2 , g/hp-hr Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D 1 0.90 0.71 0.65 0.59 2 0.89 0.79 0.71 0.61 3 0.90 0.68 0.70 0.62 Avg 0.90 0.72 0.69 0.61 Stdev 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.02 FTP-w

COV 1.0% 7.8% 5.0% 2.8% 1 0.79 0.67 0.64 0.60 2 0.82 0.70 0.68 0.57 3 0.77 0.64 0.71 0.64 Avg 0.79 0.67 0.68 0.60 Stdev 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 FTP-wo

COV 2.9% 4.8% 5.9% 6.1% 1 1.33 1.75 N/A 1.38 2 1.11 1.92 N/A 0.86 Avg 1.22 1.84 N/A 1.12 Stdev 0.15 0.12 N/A 0.37 CARBx-ICT

COV 12.6% 6.6% N/A 32.8% 1 0.89 0.90 N/A 0.49 2 0.59 0.90 N/A 0.50 Avg 0.74 0.90 N/A 0.50 Stdev 0.22 0.00 N/A 0.00 CARBz-CH

COV 29.4% 0.1% N/A 0.9% 1 0.90 0.94 0.72 0.56 2 0.95 0.90 0.49 0.57 3 1.00 0.89 0.46 0.55 Avg 0.95 0.91 0.56 0.56 Stdev 0.05 0.03 0.14 0.01 16-Hour

COV 4.9% 3.0% 25.1% 1.7%

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0NO2 (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.90 0.72 0.69 0.61

FTP-wo 0.79 0.67 0.68 0.60

CARBx-ICT 1.22 1.84 0.00 1.12

CARBz-CH 0.74 0.90 0.00 0.50

16-Hou r 0.95 0.91 0.56 0.56 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 24. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC NO 2 

### EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 42 of 84 TABLE 15. NO 2 

### /NO X 

### RATIO

NO 2 

### /NO x 

### Ratio, % Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D FTP-w 71% 81% 67% 54% FTP-wo 63% 75% 65% 54% CARBx-ICT 41% 41% N/A 22% CARBz-CH 43% 75% N/A 53% 16-Hour 64% 65% 39% 47%

TABLE 16. BRAKE-SPECIFIC N 2 

### O EMISSIONS

N 2 O, g/hp-hr SwRI Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D
1 0.0192 0.0041 0.0285 0.0070 2 0.0205 0.0031 0.0210 0.0117 3 0.0175 0.0077 0.0206 0.0119 Avg 0.0190 0.0050 0.0234 0.0102 Stdev 0.0015 0.0025 0.0044 0.0028 FTP-w

COV 1.1% 0.8% 3.2% 0.9%

1 0.0339 0.0033 0.0390 0.0127
2 0.0283 0.0030 0.0200 0.0123
3 0.0296 0.0032 0.0187 0.0124 Avg 0.0306 0.0032 0.0259 0.0125 Stdev 0.0030 0.0001 0.0114 0.0002 FTP-wo

COV 0.6% 1.5% 1.4% 1.6%

1 0.0871 0.0296 N/A 0.0295
2 0.0866 0.0399 N/A 0.0294 Avg 0.0868 0.0348 N/A 0.0294 Stdev 0.0003 0.0073 N/A 0.0000 CARBx-ICT

COV 1.0% 0.4% N/A 0.1%

1 0.0117 0.0023 N/A 0.0055
2 0.0132 0.0023 N/A 0.0057 Avg 0.0124 0.0023 N/A 0.0056 Stdev 0.0011 0.0000 N/A 0.0002 CARBz-CH

COV 1.0% 0.4% N/A 0.1%
1 0.0140 0.0059 0.0130 0.0095 2 0.0150 0.0054 0.0100 0.0078 3 0.0141 0.0060 0.0099 0.0094 Avg 0.0143 0.0057 0.0110 0.0089 Stdev 0.0006 0.0003 0.0017 0.0009 16-Hour

COV 3.2% 3.0% 15.8% 1.1%REPORT 03.13062 

### 43 of 84 0.0000 0.0200 0.0400 0.0600 0.0800 0.1000N2O (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.0190 0.0050 0.0234 0.0102

FTP-wo 0.0306 0.0032 0.0259 0.0125

CARBx-ICT 0.0868 0.0348 0.0000 0.0294

CARBz-CH 0.0124 0.0023 0.0000 0.0056

16-Hour 0.0143 0.0057 0.0110 0.0089 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 25. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC N 2 

### O EMISSIONS

TABLE 17. BRAKE-SPECIFIC CO EMISSIONS

CO, g/hp-hr SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'-Alt. 1 0.11 0.12 1.14 0.36 0.089 0.334 2 0.16 0.12 0.51 0.35 0.085 0.148 3 0.12 0.10 0.51 0.33 0.066 0.189 Avg 0.13 0.11 0.72 0.35 0.080 0.224 Stdev 0.02 0.01 0.37 0.01 0.012 0.097 FTP-w

COV 17.7% 12.0% 51.0% 4.3% 15.0% 43.5% 1 0.09 0.02 0.49 0.35 0.020 0.189 2 0.08 0.02 0.52 0.37 0.001 0.115 3 0.05 0.03 0.44 0.36 0.005 0.060 Avg 0.08 0.02 0.48 0.36 0.009 0.121 Stdev 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.010 0.065 FTP-wo

COV 27.6% 30.4% 8.2% 3.0% 119.3% 53.6% 1 2.32 0.24 N/A 2.04 2 2.07 0.30 N/A 1.81 Avg 2.20 0.27 N/A 1.92 Stdev 0.18 0.04 N/A 0.16CARBxICT

COV 8.0% 16.2% N/A 8.4% 1 0.04 0.05 N/A 0.10 2 0.05 0.06 N/A 0.07 Avg 0.04 0.05 N/A 0.09 Stdev 0.00 0.00 N/A 0.01CARBzCH

COV 10.8% 9.5% N/A 17.0% 1 0.09 0.09 0.43 0.15 2 0.10 0.08 0.48 0.16 3 0.10 0.07 0.46 0.14 Avg 0.09 0.08 0.46 0.15 Stdev 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 16-Hour

COV 2.9% 12.0% 5.7% 7.9% CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle were not run with this engineREPORT 03.13062 

### 44 of 84 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5CO (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.13 0.11 0.72 0.34 0.080 0.224

FTP-wo 0.08 0.02 0.48 0.36 0.009 0.121
CARBx-ICT 2.20 0.27 0.00 1.92
CARBz-CH 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.09

16-Hour 0.09 0.08 0.46 0.15 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'- Alt.

N/A
Not Run



### FIGURE 26. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC CO EMISSIONS

TABLE 18. BRAKE-SPEC IFIC THC EMISSIONS

THC, g/hp-hr SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B' 1 0.005 0.020 0.055 0.016 0.035 0.029 2 0.007 0.027 0.044 0.015 0.026 0.021 3 0.007 0.002 0.026 0.023 0.025 0.024 Avg 0.006 0.016 0.042 0.018 0.029 0.025 Stdev 0.001 0.013 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.004 FTP-w

COV 18.4% 78.1% 35.7% 25.5% 18.6% 16.1% 1 0.006 0.008 -0.007 0.011 0.011 0.024 2 0.001 -0.011 -0.001 0.004 0.005 0.001 3 0.002 -0.004 0.002 -0.001 0.008 -0.001 Avg 0.003 -0.002 -0.002 0.005 0.008 0.008 Stdev 0.002 0.010 0.005 0.006 0.003 0.014 FTP-wo

COV 79.2% -426.3% -236.9% 122.0% 35.5% 166.4% 1 0.455 0.131 N/A 0.407 2 0.475 0.199 N/A 0.368 Avg 0.465 0.165 N/A 0.388 Stdev 0.014 0.048 N/A 0.027 CARBx-ICT

COV 3.0% 29.3% N/A 7.1% 1 0.008 0.005 N/A 0.017 2 0.008 0.004 N/A 0.018 Avg 0.008 0.004 N/A 0.018 Stdev 0.001 0.001 N/A 0.000 CARBz-CH

COV 6.3% 23.3% N/A 2.8% 1 0.007 0.006 -0.002 0.004 2 0.000 0.005 0.003 0.007 3 0.005 0.000 0.013 0.008 Avg 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.007 Stdev 0.003 0.003 0.008 0.002 16-Hour

COV 80.7% 84.8% 160.6% 30.3% CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle were not run with this engineREPORT 03.13062 

### 45 of 84 TABLE 19. BRAKE-SPECIFIC CH 4 

### EMISSIONS

CH 4 , g/hp-hr SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'

1 0.009 0.019 0.024 0.007 0.026 0.011
2 0.009 0.022 0.003 0.009 0.017 0.011
3 0.010 0.036 0.013 0.010 0.017 0.009 Avg 0.009 0.025 0.014 0.009 0.020 0.010 Stdev 0.001 0.009 0.011 0.002 0.005 0.001 FTP-w

COV 6.6% 35.2% 77.8% 20.5% 27.0% 0.1%
1 -0.008 0.013 0.012 0.004 0.017 0.009
2 0.012 0.012 0.003 0.008 0.011 0.006
3 0.011 0.015 0.013 0.011 0.017 0.005 Avg 0.005 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.015 0.007 Stdev 0.011 0.002 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.002 FTP-wo

COV 238.9% 11.5% 57.8% 42.6% 22.3% 28.0%
1 0.062 0.028 N/A 0.033
2 0.058 0.019 N/A 0.063 Avg 0.060 0.023 N/A 0.048 Stdev 0.003 0.006 N/A 0.021 CARBx-ICT

COV 5.3% 28.0% N/A 44.9%
1 0.005 0.006 N/A 0.005 2 0.008 0.007 N/A 0.006 Avg 0.007 0.007 N/A 0.006 Stdev 0.002 0.001 N/A 0.001 CARBz-CH

COV 30.1% 13.7% N/A 9.6%
1 0.007 0.028 0.022 0.007
2 0.003 0.007 0.000 0.006
3 0.006 0.017 0.013 0.009 Avg 0.005 0.017 0.012 0.007
Stdev 0.002 0.010 0.011 0.001 16-Hour

COV 42.8% 59.6% 94.1% 19.7% CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle were not run with this engineREPORT 03.13062 

### 46 of 84 TABLE 20. BRAKE-SPECIFIC NMHC EMISSIONS

NMHC, g/hp-hr SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'
1 -0.004 0.001 0.031 0.009 0.011 0.019
2 -0.002 0.005 0.041 0.006 0.011 0.011
3 -0.003 -0.034 0.013 0.013 0.010 0.017 Avg -0.003 -0.009 0.028 0.010 0.011 0.016 FTP-w

Stdev 0.001 0.021 0.014 0.004 0.001 0.004
1 0.014 -0.005 -0.020 0.007 -0.005 0.017
2 -0.011 -0.024 -0.004 -0.004 -0.005 -0.005
3 -0.009 -0.020 -0.011 -0.011 -0.008 -0.005 Avg -0.002 -0.016 -0.012 -0.003 -0.006 0.002 FTP-wo

Stdev 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.009 0.001 0.012
1 0.392 0.103 N/A 0.375 2 0.417 0.181 N/A 0.305 Avg 0.405 0.142 N/A 0.340 CARBx-ICT

Stdev 0.017 0.055 N/A 0.049
1 0.003 -0.001 N/A 0.012
2 -0.001 -0.004 N/A 0.012 Avg 0.001 -0.002 N/A 0.012 CARBz-CH

Stdev 0.003 0.002 N/A 0.000
1 0.000 -0.021 0.003 0.000
2 -0.002 -0.002 -0.024 0.002
3 -0.001 -0.017 0.000 -0.005 Avg -0.001 -0.013 -0.007 -0.001 16-Hour

Stdev 0.001 0.010 0.015 0.003 CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle were not run with this engineREPORT 03.13062 

### 47 of 84 -0.02 0.18 0.38 0.58THC (avg), g/hp-hr



### FTP-w 0.006 0.016 0.042 0.018 0.029 0.025

FTP-wo 0.003 -0.002 -0.002 0.005 0.008 0.008

CARBx-ICT 0.465 0.165 0.00 0.388

CARBz-CH 0.008 0.004 0.00 0.018

16-Hour 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.007 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'- Alt.



### N/A Not Run



### FIGURE 27. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC THC EMISSIONS

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08CH4 (avg), g/hp-hr



### FTP-w 0.009 0.025 0.014 0.009 0.020 0.010

FTP-wo 0.005 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.015 0.007

CARBx-ICT 0.060 0.023 0.00 0.048

CARBz-CH 0.007 0.007 0.00 0.006

16-Hour 0.005 0.017 0.012 0.007 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'- Alt.

N/A 

### Not Run



### FIGURE 28. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC CH 4 

### EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 48 of 84 -0.05 0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45NMHC (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w -0.003 -0.009 0.028 0.010 0.011 0.016

FTP-wo -0.002 -0.016 -0.012 -0.003 -0.006 0.002

CARBx-ICT 0.405 0.142 0.00 0.340

CARBz-CH 0.001 -0.002 0.00 0.012

16-Hour -0.001 -0.013 -0.007 -0.001 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'- Alt.

N/A Not Run



### FIGURE 29. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC NMHC EMISSIONS

5.6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions and BSFC

CO 2 

### is becoming increasingly important because it is a major greenhouse gas. In the case of diesel engines, it is also indicative of fuel consumpti on. Table 21 and Figure 30 show the brake-specific CO 2 

### emissions, and Table 22 and Figure 31 show the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), which is calculated based on emissions. CO 2 

### ranged from 547 g/hp-hr for Engine D, CARBz-CH, to 941 g/hp-hr for Engi ne A, CARBx-ICT. Ge nerally, the lightest loaded cycle, CARBx-ICT, resulted in the highest BSCO 2 

### and BSFC, and the highest loaded cycle, CARBz-CH, resulted in the lowest BSCO 2 

### and BSFC.

5.7 Particulate Matter Emissions

Several metrics and methods were used to characterize PM. This section includes information on Teflon ® 

### membrane filter-based PM measurement, quartz filter-based OC/EC analysis, filter-based elemental EDXRF analysis , real time total PM using the DMM-230, real time soot using the MSS, and real time number and size using the EEPS.

5.7.1 Filter-Based PM Mass-CVS Tunnel and Exposure Chamber

Filter-based PM was collected from two locations. The first was the CVS tunnel sample zone, in accordance with CFR Part 1065, where th e filter face temperature was maintained at 47°C ± 5°C, and total residence time (CVS plus s econdary tunnel) was on the order of 3 seconds. The second location was the exposure chamber, wh ere the dilution ratio from the CVS was about 2, the filter face temperature was about 28°C, and the residence time was on the order of 4 to 5 minutes to purge 90 percent of the volume entering the chamber. It takes an additional 15 minutes for the remaining 10 percent to be fully purged. The temperature of the exposure chamber filter was not actively controlled and was dictated by the temperature inside the exposure chamber. The total flow through each of the 47 mm filters was approximately 57 slpm, resulting in a filter f ace velocity near 100 cm/s. Table 23 an d Figure 32, and Table 24 and Figure 33 show the brake-specific PM emissions from th e CVS and the exposure chamber, respectively. Generally, PM emissions were very low, well below the 2007 PM standard of 0.01 g/hp-hr for the FTP.REPORT 03.13062 

### 49 of 84 TABLE 21. BRAKE-SPECIFIC CO 2 

### EMISSIONS

CO 2 , g/hp-hr SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'-Alt. 1 619 647 605 580 616 589 2 620 650 613 575 616 590 3 619 644 609 579 614 591 Avg 619 647 609 578 615 590 Stdev 0 3 4 3 1 1 FTP-w

COV 0.1% 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 1 660 648 606 577 613 591 2 650 649 604 576 613 597 3 648 649 606 576 613 589 Avg 653 649 605 576 613 592 Stdev 6 1 1 1 0 5 FTP-wo

COV 1.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.8% 1 941 819 N/A 754 2 926 813 N/A 755 Avg 934 816 N/A 754 Stdev 10 4 N/A 1 CARBx-ICT

COV 1.1% 0.5% N/A 0.1% 1 662 563 N/A 547 2 669 568 N/A 550 Avg 665 565 N/A 549 Stdev 5 3 N/A 2 CARBz-CH

COV 0.8% 0.6% N/A 0.3% 1 597 615 567 576 2 604 620 565 574 3 602 624 564 573 Avg 601 620 565 574 Stdev 4 4 2 2 16-Hour

COV 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 0.3% CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle were not run with this engine

0 200 400 600 800CO2 (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 619 647 609 578 615 590

FTP-wo 653 649 605 576 613 592
CARBx-ICT 934 816 0.00 754
CARBz-CH 665 565 0.00 549

16-Hour 601 620 565 574 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'- Alt.

N/A Not Run



### FIGURE 30. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC CO 2 

### EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 50 of 84 TABLE 22. BRAKE-SPECIF IC FUEL CONSUMPTION

BSFC, lb/hp-hr SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'-Alt. 1 0.466 0.447 0.419 0.401 0.427 0.409 2 0.428 0.449 0.423 0.397 0.427 0.409 3 0.428 0.445 0.421 0.400 0.426 0.409 Avg 0.441 0.447 0.421 0.399 0.426 0.409 Stdev 0.022 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.000 FTP-w

COV 5.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 1 0.456 0.447 0.419 0.399 0.425 0.409 2 0.449 0.448 0.417 0.398 0.425 0.414 3 0.448 0.448 0.419 0.398 0.425 0.408 Avg 0.451 0.448 0.418 0.398 0.425 0.410 Stdev 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.003 FTP-wo

COV 1.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.8% 1 0.654 0.566 N/A 0.524 2 0.643 0.563 N/A 0.524 Avg 0.649 0.564 N/A 0.524 Stdev 0.007 0.002 N/A 0.000 CARBx-ICT

COV 1.1% 0.4% N/A 0.1% 1 0.457 0.389 N/A 0.378 2 0.462 0.393 N/A 0.380 Avg 0.460 0.391 N/A 0.379 Stdev 0.004 0.002 N/A 0.001 CARBz-CH

COV 0.8% 0.6% N/A 0.3% 1 0.413 0.425 0.392 0.398 2 0.418 0.429 0.391 0.397 3 0.416 0.431 0.390 0.396 Avg 0.416 0.428 0.391 0.397 Stdev 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001 16-Hour

COV 0.5% 0.7% 0.3% 0.3% CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle were not run with this engine



### 0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600BSFC (avg), lb/hp-hr



### FTP-w 0.441 0.447 0.421 0.399 0.426 0.409

FTP-wo 0.451 0.448 0.418 0.398 0.425 0.410
CARBx-ICT 0.649 0.564 0.00 0.524
CARBz-CH 0.460 0.391 0.00 0.379

16-Hour 0.416 0.428 0.391 0.397 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'- Alt.

N/A Not Run



### FIGURE 31. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTIONREPORT 03.13062 

### 51 of 84 TABLE 23. BRAKE-SPECIFIC PM EMI SSIONS (CVS TUNNEL, CFR PART 1065)

PM (Part 1065), g/hp-hr
SwRI Elevation Lovelace Elevation Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B' 1 0.0015 0.0013 0.0009 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 2 0.0013 0.0018 0.0005 0.0011 0.0003 0.0002 3 0.0019 0.0008 0.0009 0.0007 0.0004 0.0001 Avg 0.0016 0.0013 0.0008 0.0008 0.0004 0.0002 Stdev 0.0003 0.0005 0.0002 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001 FTP-w

COV 17.0% 37.4% 31.7% 39.8% 23.0% 54.0% 1 0.0004 0.0004 0.0007 0.0008 0.0004 0.0001 2 0.0010 0.0012 0.0008 0.0002 -0.0001 0.0005 3 0.0003 0.0011 0.0006 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 Avg 0.0006 0.0009 0.0007 0.0005 0.0002 0.0003 Stdev 0.0004 0.0004 0.0001 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 FTP-wo

COV 63.9% 45.6% 15.2% 54.3% 132.3% 78.1% 1 0.0074 0.0013 NA 0.0022 2 0.0092 0.0005 NA 0.0014 Avg 0.0083 0.0009 NA 0.0018 Stdev 0.0013 0.0006 NA 0.0005 CARBx-ICT

COV 16.2% 66.0% NA 30.3% 1 0.0046 0.0007 NA 0.0003 2 0.0117 0.0006 NA 0.0002 Avg 0.0082 0.0006 NA 0.0003 Stdev 0.0050 0.0001 NA 0.0001 CARBz-CH

COV 61.8% 12.8% NA 24.0% 1 0.0003 0.0015 0.0017 0.0016
2 0.0019 0.0009 0.0012 0.0008
3 0.0016 0.0012 0.0004 0.0014 Avg 0.0013 0.0012 0.0011 0.0013
Stdev 0.0009 0.0003 0.0006 0.0004 16-Hour

COV 67.8% 26.1% 58.4% 31.0% CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour cycle were not run with this engine

0.0000 0.0100 0.0200 0.0300PM1065 (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.0016 0.0013 0.0008 0.0008 0.0004 0.0002

FTP-wo 0.0006 0.0009 0.0007 0.0005 0.0002 0.0003
CARBx-ICT 0.0083 0.0009 0.0000 0.0018
CARBz-CH 0.0082 0.0006 0.0000 0.0003

16-Hour 0.0013 0.0012 0.0011 0.0013 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine B' Engine B'- Alt.

Not Run N/A



### FIGURE 32. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIF IC PM EMISSIONS (CVS TUNNEL, CFR PART 1065)REPORT 03.13062 

### 52 of 84 TABLE 24. BRAKE-SPECIFIC PM EMISSIONS (EXPOSURE CHAMBER)

PM (Exp. Chamber), g/hp-hr Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D 1 0.0018 0.0024 0.0003 0.0009 2 0.0013 0.0013 0.0001 0.0009 3 - 0.0007 0.0005 0.0009 Avg 0.0015 0.0015 0.0003 0.0009 Stdev 0.0003 0.0009 0.0002 0.0000 FTP-w

COV 20.7% 59.9% 57.0% 0.6% 1 0.0007 0.0006 0.0000 0.0006 2 0.0008 0.0009 0.0007 0.0007 3 0.0018 0.0007 0.0006 0.0003 Avg 0.0011 0.0007 0.0004 0.0005 Stdev 0.0006 0.0001 0.0003 0.0002 FTP-wo

COV 58.0% 16.9% 82.5% 39.1% 1 0.0085 0.0010 N/A -0.0036 2 0.0073 0.0013 N/A 0.0015 Avg 0.0079 0.0011 N/A 0.0015 Stdev 0.0008 0.0002 N/A - CARBx-ICT

COV 10.2% 21.3% N/A - 1 0.0083 0.0008 N/A 0.0004 2 0.0203 0.0007 N/A 0.0004 Avg 0.0143 0.0007 N/A 0.0004 Stdev 0.0085 0.0001 N/A 0.0000 CARBz-CH

COV 59.1% 8.6% N/A 9.8% 1 0.0005 0.0033 0.0020 0.0026 2 0.0042 0.0022 0.0017 0.0015 3 0.0042 0.0028 0.0005 0.0017 Avg 0.0030 0.0028 0.0014 0.0019 Stdev 0.0021 0.0005 0.0008 0.0005 16-Hour

COV 71.5% 19.2% 56.2% 28.0%

0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200PM Chamber (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.0015 0.0015 0.0003 0.0009

FTP-wo 0.0011 0.0007 0.0004 0.0005
CARBx-ICT 0.0079 0.0011 0.0000 0.0015
CARBz-CH 0.0143 0.0007 0.0000 0.0004

16-Hour 0.0030 0.0028 0.0014 0.0019 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 33. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC PM EMISSIONS (EXPOSURE CHAMBER)REPORT 03.13062 

### 53 of 84 Figure 34 shows the ratio of PM with blow-by and PM without blow-by for the FTP. On average, across all engines, the PM with blow -by was about 50 percent higher based on both the CVS and exposure chamber PM results.

0 0.5

1 1.5

2 2.5

3

Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D AVGPM (With Blow-By)/(Without Blow-By)

CVS Exp. Ch. FTP Transient



### FIGURE 34. RATIO OF PM WITH BLOW-BY AND PM WITHOUT BLOW-BY

Figure 35 shows the ratio of exposure chamber-based PM and CVS-based PM. For the FTP and CARBx-ICT (light load cycles), there we re no notable differen ces in PM between the two sampling locations. For the CARBz-CH and th e 16-Hour cycle, the exposure chamber result was 50 to 100 percent higher, respectively, for these cycles. It is important to note that the 16- Hour cycle filter-based PM meas urement should be considered the most precise due to the high level of PM accumulated on the sample filter. While the PM collected on an FTP sample filter was on the order of 10 μg, the 16-Hour cycl e filter typically had more than 500 μg.REPORT 03.13062 

### 54 of 84 0 0.5

1 1.5

2 2.5

Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D AVGPM Ratio, (Exp. Chamber/CVS)

FTP-w FTP-wo CARBx-ICT CARBz-CH 16-Hour 

### FIGURE 35. RATIO OF PM BASED ON EXPOSURE CHAMBER AND PM BASED ON CVS USING CFR PART 1065

5.7.2 Quartz Filter-Based OC/EC-Exposure Chamber

PM was collected on quartz filters from the exposure chamber, and the filters were analyzed using the OC/EC reflectance method by DRI. Table 25, and Figures 36 and 37 show the average brake-specific OC/EC emissions. The 16-Hour cycle data are considered the most precise due to the long sampling time, where a larger PM quantit y was collected on the filter. For the 16-Hour cycle, with the exception of OC for engine A, which was about 7 times higher than the mass of EC, the OC emissions were sim ilar to EC with Engine B and C, and over twice the EC for Engine D. For the FTP, the EC represented less than 3 percent of the 2007 PM standard. The OC was comparable to tunnel blank leve ls, and it was on th e order of 40 percent of the 2007 PM standard, perhaps due to positive gas phase artifact collection by the quartz filter material.

Based on all engines tested, the average EC to OC ratio was 4.1 percent for the FTP-w (with blow-by), 3.2 percent for the FTP-wo (w ithout blow-by), 1.6 per cent for CARBx-ICT, 12.1 percent for CARBz-CH, 37.3 percent for the 16 -Hour cycle, and 3.6 pe rcent for TB (tunnel blank). In principle, th e longer the cycle the higher the EC to OC ratio, sugge sting that with longer cycles, the accumulation of OC on the f ilter is decreasing as f unction of time due to perhaps the positive gas phase artifact reaching equilibrium with the filter media.REPORT 03.13062 

### 55 of 84 TABLE 25. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIF IC ELEMENTAL/ORGANIC CARBON EMISSIONS BASED ON FILTER COLLEC TION FROM EXPOSURE CHAMBER

Elemental/Organic Ca rbon, mg/hp-hr Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Test Cycle Number of Repeats EC OC EC OC EC OC EC OC Avg 0.13 4.70 0.34 2.67 0.00 4.08 0.12 3.10 Stdev 0.04 0.32 0.33 1.41 0.00 0.52 0.01 0.09 FTP-w 3 COV 27% 7% 97% 53% 0% 13% 9% 3% Avg 0.08 3.58 0.28 3.24 0.00 3.16 0.05 2.67 Stdev 0.12 0.50 0.11 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.05 0.17 FTP-wo 3 COV 144% 14% 37% 18% 0% 13% 91% 6% Avg 0.12 16.79 0.66 21.49 N/A N/A 0.00 10.48 Stdev 0.04 0.68 0.93 3.24 N/A N/A 0.00 0.87 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 34% 4% 141% 15% N/A N/A 0% 8% Avg 0.31 3.11 0.68 3.68 N/A N/A 0.00 1.39 Stdev 0.00 0.19 0.18 0.01 N/A N/A 0.00 0.07 CARBz-CH 2 COV 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 N/A N/A 0.0 0.1 Avg 0.20 1.53 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.22 0.52 Stdev 0.03 0.40 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.01 16 Hour 3 COV 14% 26% 12% 15% 21% 7% 16% 2% Avg 0.00 0.05 0.28 3.24 0.00 3.16 0.05 2.67
Stdev 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.05 0.17 TB 3
COV 130% 13% 37% 18% 0% 13% 91% 6%

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00Organic Carbon, mg/hp-hr

FTP-w 4.70 2.67 4.08 3.10

FTP-wo 3.58 3.24 3.16 2.67
CARBx-ICT 16.79 21.49 0.00 10.48
CARBz-CH 3.11 3.68 0.00 1.39
16 Hour 1.53 0.24 0.26 0.52 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 36. AVERAGE ORGANIC CARB ON EMISSIONS BASED ON FILTER COLLECTION FROM EXPOSURE CHAMBERREPORT 03.13062 

### 56 of 84 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00Elemental Carbon, mg/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.13 0.34 0.00 0.12

FTP-wo 0.08 0.28 0.00 0.05
CARBx-ICT 0.12 0.66 0.00 0.00
CARBz-CH 0.31 0.68 0.00 0.00

16 Hour 0.20 0.27 0.26 0.22 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 37. AVERAGE ELEMENTAL CARB ON EMISSIONS BASED ON FILTER COLLECTION FROM EXPOSURE CHAMBER

5.7.3 DMM-Based Total PM Mass-Exposure Chamber

Table 26 and Figure 38 summarize the DMM-ba sed PM emissions for all engines and cycles tested. The DMM was very sensitive to regeneration events, particularly during the 16- Hour cycle, and also for the regeneration th at occurred during CARBz-CH for Engine A.

Overall, the DMM gave higher PM mass emissions than that reported using the filterbased method, particularly when regeneration even ts occurred. This may be due to the high number of small particles gene rated during the active regenerati on event, some of which may have diffused to the upper stages of the DMM, giving an apparent higher PM result.

5.7.4 MSS-Based Soot Mass-Exposure Chamber

Table 27 and Figure 39 summarize the soot emi ssion results measured by the MSS. The soot concentration in the exposur e chamber was very low -- on the order of 8 μg/m3, which is close to the detection limit of the MSS (~5 μg/m). Since the elemental carbon concentration was so low, the MSS measured directly from the exposure chamber without any addition of dilution air from its conditioning unit. For the FTP, the soot emissions were very low -- on the order of one percent of the total PM.REPORT 03.13062 

### 57 of 84 TABLE 26. DMM-BASED BRAKE-SPECIFIC PM MASS EMISSIONS - EXPOSURE CHAMBER

DMM-Mass, g/hp-hr Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D
1 0.0005 0.0070 0.0003 0.0007 2 0.0005 0.0011 0.0002 0.0007 3 0.0005 0.0010 0.0002 0.0000 Avg 0.0005 0.0030 0.0002 0.0005 Stdev 0.0000 0.0035 0.0001 0.0004 FTP-w

COV 0.8% 114.0% 29.4% 86.9% 1 0.0000 0.0009 0.0002 0.0004 2 0.0001 0.0008 0.0000 0.0004 3 0.0002 0.0007 0.0000 0.0004 Avg 0.0001 0.0008 0.0001 0.0004 Stdev 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 FTP-wo

COV 96.1% 7.9% 173.2% 7.7% 1 0.0016 0.0006 N/A 0.0060 2 0.0019 0.0006 N/A 0.0008 Avg 0.0017 0.0006 N/A 0.0034 Stdev 0.0002 0.0000 N/A 0.0037 CARBx-ICT

COV 12.9% 0.3% N/A 108.1% 1 0.0019 0.0007 N/A 0.0003 2 0.0357 0.0007 N/A 0.0003 Avg 0.0188 0.0007 N/A 0.0003 Stdev 0.0239 0.0000 N/A 0.0000 CARBz-CH

COV 127.3% 4.9% N/A 1.9% 1 0.0062 0.0033 0.0034 0.0044
2 0.0055 0.0059 0.0034 0.0006
3 0.0112 0.0066 0.0008 0.0027 Avg 0.0076 0.0053 0.0049 0.0026
Stdev 0.0031 0.0017 0.0064 0.0019 16-Hour

COV 41.0% 32.4% 130.1% 75.0%

0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200DMM (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.0005 0.0030 0.0002 0.0005

FTP-wo 0.0001 0.0008 0.0001 0.0004

CARBx-ICT 0.0017 0.0006 0.0000 0.0034

CARBz-CH 0.0188 0.0007 0.0000 0.0003

16-Hour 0.0076 0.0053 0.0049 0.0026 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 38. AVERAGE DMM-BASED BRAK E-SPECIFIC PM MASS EMISSIONS - EXPOSURE CHAMBERREPORT 03.13062 

### 58 of 84 TABLE 27. MSS-BASED BRAKE-SPECIFIC SOOT MASS EMISSIONS - EXPOSURE CHAMBER

MSS-Soot, g/hp-hr Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D 1 0.0008 0.0013 0.0004 0.0004 2 0.0008 0.0011 0.0003 0.0003 3 - 0.0009 0.0003 0.0000 Avg 0.0008 0.0011 0.0004 0.0002 Stdev 0.0000 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 FTP-w

COV 1.6% 17.1% 15.8% 86.9% 1 0.0008 0.0010 0.0004 0.0003 2 0.0008 0.0010 0.0003 0.0003 3 0.0008 0.0011 0.0003 0.0003 Avg 0.0008 0.0010 0.0003 0.0003 Stdev 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 FTP-wo

COV 3.0% 5.7% 11.7% 9.1% 1 - 0.0021 N/A 0.0006 2 0.0019 0.0021 N/A 0.0003 Avg 0.0019 0.0021 N/A 0.0004 Stdev - 0.0000 N/A 0.0002 CARBx-ICT

COV - 0.1% N/A 56.8% 1 0.0005 0.0008 N/A 0.0002 2 0.0006 0.0009 N/A 0.0002 Avg 0.0006 0.0008 N/A 0.0002 Stdev 0.0001 0.0001 N/A 0.0000 CARBz-CH

COV 12.0% 7.3% N/A 11.7% 1 0.0008 0.0010 0.0005 0.0005
2 0.0007 0.0007 0.0005 0.0002
3 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0006 Avg 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004
Stdev 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0002 16-Hour

COV 3.8% 14.6% 8.9% 42.2%

0.0000 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025MSSSoot (avg), g/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.0008 0.0011 0.0004 0.0002

FTP-wo 0.0008 0.0010 0.0003 0.0003
CARBx-ICT 0.0019 0.0021 0 0.0004
CARBz-CH 0.0006 0.0008 0 0.0002

16-Hour 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 39. AVERAGE MSS-BASED BRAK E-SPECIFIC SOOT MASS EMISSIONS - EXPOSURE CHAMBERREPORT 03.13062 

### 59 of 84 5.7.5 EEPS-Based Particle Mass-Exposure Chamber

Table 28 and Figure 40 show the EEPS-base d PM mass emissions from the exposure chamber. PM mass was calculated assuming spherica l particles with a density of 1 g/cm3. The EEPS-based mass emissions were generally on the or der of 20 to 75 percent of the PM emissions reported using the exposure chamber filter method.

TABLE 28. EEPS-BASED BRAKE-SPECIFIC PM MASS EMISSIONS - EXPOSURE CHAMBER

EEPS-Mass, g/hp-hr Test Cycle Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D
1 0.00070 0.00084 0.00019 0.00028 2 0.00069 0.00056 0.00023 0.00030 3 0.00069 0.00045 0.00015 0.00028 Avg 0.00069 0.00062 0.00019 0.00028 Stdev 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 FTP-w

COV 0.5% 32.4% 21.5% 4.0% 1 0.00020 0.00049 0.00019 0.00018 2 - 0.00045 0.00011 0.00021 3 0.00096 0.00054 0.00018 0.00020 Avg 0.00058 0.00049 0.00016 0.00020 Stdev 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 FTP-wo

COV 93.0% 8.8% 26.2% 9.0% 1 0.00142 0.00046 N/A 0.00054 2 0.00120 0.00046 N/A 0.00023 Avg 0.00131 0.00046 N/A 0.00039 Stdev 0.0002 0.0000 N/A 0.0002 CARBx-ICT

COV 11.9% 0.2% N/A 56.8% 1 0.00371 0.00068 N/A 0.00016 2 0.00867 0.00041 N/A 0.00018 Avg 0.00619 0.00055 N/A 0.00017 Stdev 0.0035 0.0002 N/A 0.0000 CARBz-CH

COV 56.7% 34.9% N/A 9.0% 1 0.00204 0.00096 0.00087 0.00079
2 0.00184 0.00109 0.00078 0.00024
3 0.00205 0.00113 0.00033 0.00061 Avg 0.00198 0.00106 0.00066 0.00054
Stdev 0.0001 0.0001 0.00030 0.0003 16-Hour

COV 6.0% 8.2% 44.3% 51.2%REPORT 03.13062 

### 60 of 84 0.00000 0.00200 0.00400 0.00600EEPS-Mass (avg), g/hp-hr



### FTP-w 0.00069 0.00062 0.00019 0.00028

FTP-wo 0.00058 0.00049 0.00016 0.00020
CARBx-ICT 0.00131 0.00046 0 0.00039
CARBz-CH 0.00619 0.00055 0 0.00017

16-Hour 0.00198 0.00106 0.00106 0.00054 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 40. AVERAGE EEPS-BASED PM MASS EMISSIONS - EXPOSURE CHAMBER

5.7.6 EEPS-Based Particle Number-Exposure Chamber

Table 29 and Figure 41 summarize the data on brake-specific PM number emissions in the exposure chamber. Particle number emi ssions were extremely sensitive to regeneration events. For Engine A, FTP-w o, where active regeneration even ts took place during a small portion of the cycle, the average particle number emissions was at least one order of magnitude higher than the average reported for the FTP-w, where no regeneration events occurred. The same thing can be said for Engine A, CARBz-CH, compared to the other ACES engines. For the 16-Hour cycle, the average particle number emi ssion level was at least one order of magnitude higher than the FTP cycle because of the regene ration events that occurred during a fraction of the 16-Hour cycle. These ranged from less than 30 minutes to a few hour s, depending on each engine manufacturer’s regenera tion strategy. Since the elemental carbon measured by the OC/EC method and the soot measured by the MSS rema ined low even during active regeneration, one can hypothesize that the majority of part icle number emissions are volatile PM.

The effect of blow-by can also be seen w ith particle number meas urement during the FTP transient runs, particularly for Engine C and D, where the average pa rticle number emissions with blow-by were a factor of 2 to 7 higher than those without blow-by. Engine B showed a small increase -- on the order of 37 percent. For Engine A, no active regeneration took place for the without blow-by case, so no such comparison was made.REPORT 03.13062 

### 61 of 84 TABLE 29. EEPS-BASED BRAKE-SPEC IFIC PM NUMBER EMISSIONS - EXPOSURE CHAMBER

Particle Number, part./hp-hr Test Cycle Test Number Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D 1 4.48E+12 5.11E+12 1.83E+12 5.12E+12 2 4.78E+12 3.26E+12 4.26E+12 5.02E+12 3 5.16E+12 2.63E+12 6.81E+11 4.86E+12 Avg 4.81E+12 3.67E+12 2.26E+12 5.00E+12 Stdev 3.41E+11 1.29E+12 1.83E+12 1.31E+11 FTP-w

COV 7.1% 35.1% 81.0% 2.6% 1 4.52E+13 2.78E+12 6.09E+11 6.51E+11 2 - 2.58E+12 5.66E+11 7.10E+11 3 4.75E+13 2.63E+12 1.72E+12 7.16E+11 Avg 4.64E+13 2.66E+12 9.65E+11 6.92E+11 Stdev 1.63E+12 1.06E+11 6.53E+11 3.58E+10 FTP-wo

COV 3.5% 4.0% 67.7% 5.2% 1 2.90E+12 2.14E+12 N/A 4.16E+12 2 3.40E+12 2.15E+12 N/A 1.91E+12 Avg 3.15E+12 2.15E+12 N/A 3.03E+12 Stdev 3.53E+11 7.51E+09 N/A 1.59E+12 CARBx-ICT

COV 11.2% 0.3% N/A 52.4% 1 1.36E+14 2.04E+12 N/A 3.21E+12 2 3.68E+14 2.37E+12 N/A 3.33E+12 Avg 2.52E+14 2.21E+12 N/A 3.27E+12 Stdev 1.64E+14 2.35E+11 N/A 9.06E+10 CARBz-CH

COV 65.1% 10.6% N/A 2.8% 1 4.34E+13 4.82E+13 1.82E+13 2.48E+13 2 3.90E+13 6.54E+13 2.18E+13 4.55E+12 3 4.14E+13 5.59E+13 9.74E+12 2.47E+13 Avg 4.13E+13 5.65E+13 2.45E+13 1.80E+13 Stdev 2.18E+12 8.62E+12 3.93E+13 1.17E+13 16-Hour

COV 5.3% 15.3% 160.6% 64.8%

0.00E+00 5.00E+13 1.00E+14 1.50E+14 2.00E+14 2.50E+14 3.00E+14EEPS Number (avg), Part./hp-hr

FTP-w 4.81E+12 3.67E+12 2.26E+12 5.00E+12

FTP-wo 4.64E+13 2.66E+12 9.65E+11 6.92E+11

CARBx-ICT 3.15E+12 2.15E+12 0 3.03E+12

CARBz-CH 2.52E+14 2.21E+12 0 3.27E+12

16-Hour 4.13E+13 5.65E+13 2.45E+13 1.80E+13 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 41. AVERAGE EEPS-BASED BRAKE- SPECIFIC PM NUMBER EMISSIONS - EXPOSURE CHAMBERREPORT 03.13062 

### 62 of 84 5.7.7 Metals and Other Elements

Table 30 shows a summary of total elements for all engines and cycles. It is important to note that the majority of the elements detect ed for the FTP, CARBx-ICT, and CARBz-CH were below the limit of detection for the X-ray fluores cence (XRF) analysis tec hnique. Only the 16- Hour cycle presents data where the detected le vel was above the uncertainty level for certain elements (Figure 42). A more detailed list is included in Appendix D. Lube oil-derived elements such as phosphorus, su lfur, calcium, and zinc were observed, with the highest emissions from sulfur, which is also a fuel co mponent. No vanadium was observed. Copper was only detected with the 16-Hour cycle.

TABLE 30. TOTAL E LEMENTAL BRAKE-SPEC IFIC EMISSIONS

Total Elements, μg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 805 1950 811 1449 Stdev 11 49 68 98 FTP-w a 

### 3 COV 1% 3% 8% 7%

Avg 745 2011 804 1343 Stdev 71 217 14 297 FTP-wo a 

### 3 COV 9% 11% 2% 22%

Avg 3004 4293 3082 3592 Stdev 814 67 972 526 CARBx-ICT a 

### 2 COV 27% 2% 32% 15%

Avg 1625 587 551 393 Stdev 570 38 281 33 CARBz-CH a 

### 2 COV 35% 6% 51% 8%

Avg 413 541 185 376
Stdev 62 85 109 77 16-Hour 3
COV 15% 16% 59% 21%

a 

### The great majority of the metallic elements det ected were below the limit of the detection method.REPORT 03.13062 

### 63 of 84 -10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Elements Emissions, μg/hp-hr

Engine A 27.99 1.99 2.41 1.67 16.02 32.22 12.61 12.32 0.28 5.29 Engine B 32.53 3.34 2.97 0.81 20.59 44.87 5.15 16.95 0.38 0.92 Engine C 10.87 3.78 1.98 2.12 5.62 13.78 6.09 4.79 0.26 0.70 Engine D 26.26 5.27 2.59 4.06 11.13 25.77 22.00 26.70 0.60 3.71 Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorou

s Sulfur/10 Calcium Iron Copper Zinc



### FIGURE 42. AVERAGE BRAKE-SPECIFIC ELEMENTS EMISSIONS FOR 16-HOUR CYCLE (ELEMENTS SHOWN ARE AB OVE LIMIT OF DETECTION)

5.8 Inorganic Ions Emissions

Inorganic ions were detected mainly in th e 16-Hour cycle. Sulfate was the only ionic species that was detected in the particle phase . Inorganic ions collec ted in deionized water downstream of the sample filter were analyzed for chloride, nitr ate, nitrite, sulf ate, ammonium, and hydrogen ions, and pH. Only nitrate, nitrite, and sulfat e, besides hydrogen ions, were detected in the water.

Figure 43 shows the brake-spec ific emissions of total inorganic ions (gas and particle phase), excluding hydrogen ions. Particle phase sulfate was two to three times higher than gas phase sulfate, except for Engine C, where the two had a similar level. Nitrate and nitrite were detected in the water downstream of the filter but neither of these species was observed on the filter. The average pH of the deionized water after collection during the 16-Hour cycle was about 4, as shown in Figure 44, suggesting that the solution wa s acidic. Figure 45 shows a comparison between measured filter-based sulfate as measured by IC and calculated sulfate from sulfur measured by the XRF metho d. Trends as well as the abso lute emission levels were very similar between measured and calculated sulf ate. Figure 46 shows a correlation between measured filter-based sulfate and sulfur. Good linear regression was observed with a coefficient of determination (R 2 

### ) of 0.93. The slope of the linear regression was 3, the same as the multiplier used to convert elemental sulfur into su lfate. This suggests that all the sulfur on the filter is in the form of SO 4 2- 

### ; providing evidence that there is li ttle non-sulfate sulfur in the collected PM. In general, a large portion of PM emitted from 2007 engines is sulfate, which is derived from sulfur in the fuel and lube oil.REPORT 03.13062 

### 64 of 84 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00Inorganic Ions, mg/hp-hr

Total Inorganic Ions 4.77 4.24 2.99 3.17
Gas Phase Nitrate 1.23 1.39 0.72 0.68
Gas Phase Nitrite 1.71 1.18 1.49 1.36
Gas Phase Sulfate 0.64 0.31 0.52 0.31
Particle Phase Sulfate 1.19 1.37 0.43 0.93 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D



### FIGURE 43. GAS AND PARTICLE PHASE INORGANIC IONS BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS FOR THE 16-HOUR CYCLE

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50

Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine DAverage pH for 16-Hour Cycle

N/A



### FIGURE 44. AVERAGE DEIONIZED WATER PH AFTER DILUTE EXHAUST COLLECTION DURING THE 16-HOUR CYCLEREPORT 03.13062 

### 65 of 84 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00Sulfate Ions, mg/hp-hr

Measured Particle Phase Sulfate 1.19 1.37 0.43 0.93

Calculated Sulfate from Sulfur on Filter 0.97 1.35 0.41 0.77 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D



### FIGURE 45. MEASURED AND CALCULA TED SULFATE PM FOR THE 16-HOUR CYCLE

y = 3.0396x + 0.0909
R 2 = 0.9379

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Measured Sulfur (XRF), mg/hp-hrMeasured Sulfate (IC), mg/hp-hr



### FIGURE 46. CORRELATION BETWEEN MEASURED FILTER-BASED SULFATE AND SULFURREPORT 03.13062 

### 66 of 84 5.9 Carbonyl Emissions

Carbonyl compounds were dete cted mainly for the 16-Hourcycle and for the CARBxICT cycle. Figures 47 and 48 a nd Tables 31 and 32 show the car bonyl emissions species for all engines for the 16-Hour cycle and CARBx-ICT. Carbonyl emissions were dominated mainly by formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Detailed carbonyl data are included in Appendix E. Figure 49 shows total carbonyl emissi ons for all engines and cycles. Brake-specific carbonyl emissions were the highest for the CARBx-ICT cycle. Gene rally, carbonyl compounds are either reported as negative values due to bac kground subtraction or zer o if the detection is below the laboratory blank.

5.10 Selected Hydrocarbon Speciation-C 1 

### -C 12


### Table 33 and Figure 50 summarize the BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and mixed xylenes) emissions for the different engines and cycles. The lowest emission levels were from the 16-Hour cycle and ranged from 0.35 mg/hp-hr to 1.2 mg/hp- hr. CARBx-ICT again showed the highest emission leve ls. The highest emissions in the BTEX group were for m-& pxylene. As for the other compounds, 1,3-butadien e was detected only fo r CARBx-ICT cycle. Ethylene was the highest hydrocarbon species emitted for the CARBx-ICT cycle, followed by propylene, on the order of 88 and 22 mg/hp-hr, respectively.

5.11 PAH Emissions

Table 34 and Figure 51 show a summary of total PAH, excluding any oxyPAH and nitroPAH. The sum of total brake-specific P AH emissions are the lowest for the CARBz-CH, which is the highest loaded cycle. The lightes t loaded cycle, CARBx-ICT, showed the highest PAH emissions. PAH emissions were domi nated by gas phase PAHs, and the largest contributors were naphthalene a nd F-trimethylnaphthalene (unspeci fied trimethyl naphthalene). Generally, higher molecular weight PAHs up to 4 -ring showed higher emissions in the gas phase, compared to the particle phase. PAHs hi gher than 4-rings were mainly undetected.

Note that the tunnel blank (TB) PAH was based on a 20-minute run using the cycle work value of the FTP transient cycle. So, it is comp arable with the FTP. The background (BG) run is based on a 16-Hour collection of CVS dilution air, from downstream of the HEPA filter. Note that the total PAH for the tunnel blank is similar to the levels with the FTP cycles. For the 16- Hour cycle, the BG emissions represents 50 to 100 percent of the 16-Hour cycle emissions.

5.12 OxyPAH Emissions

Table 35 and Figure 52 summarize the total oxyPAH emissions. Note that the sum of oxyPAHs is considerably lower than that of the PAHs.

The TB was comparable with FTP emission levels, but the 16-Hour cycle level was three to six times higher than that re ported for BG dilution air, su ggesting that oxyPAH formation is associated with engine operation or perhaps artifact formation dur ing the long 16-Hour cycle. It is important to note that the oxyPAH emissions ar e reported in units of μg/hp-hr, while the total PAH emissions are reported in units of mg/hp-hr.REPORT 03.13062 

### 67 of 84 -4.00 -2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00

Form a l d eh

yde

A

c e t alde h y d e Ac r o l e i n Aceto n e

P ropionaldehyde Crotonaldehyde

I sobu t y r a l d e hyde MEK

B

e n z a l d eh

y de

Iso

v a l e r a l d e hyd

e

V

a l e r a l d eh

y d e o-To l ua

l d e h y d e m/p-Tol u alde h yde Hexanaldehyde

Dimethyl b enzaldehydeBrake -Specific Carbonyls Emissions (mg/hp-hr)

Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D


### FIGURE 47. CARBONYL COMPOUND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS FOR 16- HOUR CYCLE

-10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00 90.00 110.00 130.00 150.00

Formal d ehyde

A

c etalde h yd

e
A c ro lein

A cet

o ne

P

r o pion

alde hy

d e
Crot o nald

eh

yde Isobut y ra ld ehyde MEK Benzaldehyde Isovaleraldeh y de

V ale

ra l d e hy

d e

o

- T

o luald e hy

de

m /p-

Tolua l d e hy

de

He

x an

a ldeh y de Dimethylb e nz

a ldehydeBrake-Specific Carbonyl Emissions (mg/hp-hr)

Engine A Engine B Engine D


### FIGURE 48. CARBONYL CO MPOUND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS FOR CARBX-ICTREPORT 03.13062 

### 68 of 84 TABLE 31. CARBONYL COMPOUND BR AKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS FOR 16-HOUR CYCLE

Brake Specific Carbonyls, mg/hp-hr, 16-Hour cycle Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg. Stdev Avg. Stdev Avg. Stdev Avg. Stdev Formaldehyde 1.69 1.44 0.96 0.25 3.34 3.40 1.63 1.11 Acetaldehyde 0.85 0.73 0.24 0.14 0.77 0.89 0.57 0.36 Acrolein 0.17 0.18 0.09 0.09 -0.93 2.35 0.09 0.06 Acetone 0.47 1.15 -0.07 0.17 -0.02 0.36 0.03 0.07 Propionaldehyde 0.08 0.07 0.03 0.02 -0.62 1.54 -0.01 0.04 Crotonaldehyde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 Isobutyraldehyde 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.06
MEK 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.06 Benzaldehyde 0.32 0.27 0.23 0.11 0.06 0.07 0.00 0.01 Isovaleraldehyde 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 Valeraldehyde 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.03 o-Tolualdehyde 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 m/p-Tolualdehyde 0.22 0.21 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 Hexanaldehyde 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 Dimethylbenzaldehyde 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Negative values are due to background subtraction Zero is reported if the measurement is below the analytical laboratory blank value



### TABLE 32. CARBONYL COMPOUND BR AKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS FOR CARBX-ICT

Brake Specific Carbonyls, mg/hp-hr, 16-Hour cycle Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg. Stdev Avg. Stdev Avg. Stdev Avg. Stdev Formaldehyde 118.16 8.78 15.33 2.04 N/A N/A 43.74 20.03 Acetaldehyde 54.00 3.91 5.78 0.66 N/A N/A 15.73 6.95
Acrolein 9.76 2.25 0.79 0.04 N/A N/A 3.55 1.21
Acetone 119.55 4.52 -0.18 0.00 N/A N/A 5.66 7.05 Propionaldehyde 11.67 0.33 0.29 0.45 N/A N/A 1.82 0.44 Crotonaldehyde 4.92 1.85 -0.55 0.15 N/A N/A 5.00 1.59 Isobutyraldehyde 3.67 1.28 0.25 0.03 N/A N/A 0.75 0.31
MEK 3.67 1.28 0.25 0.03 N/A N/A 0.76 0.32 Benzaldehyde 3.70 0.51 0.37 0.17 N/A N/A 1.22 0.84 Isovaleraldehyde 2.38 0.39 0.00 0.00 N/A N/A 0.56 0.09 Valeraldehyde 3.73 0.17 0.03 0.04 N/A N/A 0.85 0.09 o-Tolualdehyde 1.07 0.41 0.00 0.00 N/A N/A 0.94 0.36 m/p-Tolualdehyde 3.47 0.17 0.11 0.15 N/A N/A 0.45 0.43 Hexanaldehyde 0.96 0.15 0.12 0.17 N/A N/A 0.18 0.21 Dimethylbenzaldehyde 1.62 2.15 0.06 0.09 N/A N/A 0.55 0.78 Negative values are due to background subtraction Zero is reported if the measurement is below the analytical laboratory blank valueREPORT 03.13062 

### 69 of 84 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Brake-Specific Total Carbonyls (mg/hp-hr)

Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Engine A 0.16 0.74 342.34 10.12 3.98 Engine B 0.71 0.74 22.66 0.50 1.54 Engine C 1.48 0.40 0.00 0.00 2.73 Engine D 1.01 0.49 81.76 0.11 2.47 FTP-w FTP-wo CARBx-ICT CARBz-CH 16-Hour

N/A



### FIGURE 49. TOTAL CARBO NYL COMPOUND BRAKE-SPEC IFIC EMISSIONS FOR ALL ENGINES AND CYCLES

TABLE 33. TOTAL BTEX COMPO UND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

BTEX, mg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 0.67 0.88 3.06 0.49 Stdev 0.36 0.23 1.27 0.40 FTP-w 3 COV 53.0% 26.1% 41.4% 81.2% Avg 0.61 1.20 0.01 0.25 Stdev 0.26 1.38 0.02 0.05 FTP-wo 3 COV 42.5% 115.4% 173.2% 20.2% Avg 4.08 5.25 N/A 11.15 Stdev 0.11 1.75 N/A 3.50 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 2.7% 33.3% N/A 31.4% Avg 0.63 1.32 N/A 0.95 Stdev 0.28 0.05 N/A 0.15 CARBz-CH 2 COV 44.8% 4.1% N/A 15.6% Avg 0.35 1.20 0.81 0.69 Stdev 0.11 0.22 0.14 0.17 16-Hour 3 COV 32.8% 18.5% 16.8% 24.3%REPORT 03.13062 

### 70 of 84 -2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00BTEX, mg/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.67 0.88 3.06 0.49

FTP-wo 0.61 1.20 0.01 0.25

CARBx-ICT 4.08 5.25 0.00 11.15

CARBz-CH 0.63 1.32 0.00 0.95

16-Hour 0.35 1.20 0.81 0.69 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 50. AVERAGE TOTAL BTEX CO MPOUND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS FOR DIFFERENT ENGINES AND CYCLES

TABLE 34. SUMMARY OF PAH COMPOUND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

Total PAH, mg/hp-hr

Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 1.01 1.00 3.17 1.23 Stdev 0.03 0.24 0.79 0.16 FTP-w 3 COV 3.2% 24.3% 24.9% 12.8% Avg 0.97 1.02 1.19 1.35 Stdev 0.55 0.10 0.13 0.26 FTP-wo 3 COV 56.2% 9.6% 11.2% 19.5% Avg 13.48 4.12 N/A 20.86 Stdev 5.64 0.14 N/A 2.48 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 41.8% 3.3% N/A 11.9% Avg 0.79 0.68 N/A 0.92 Stdev 0.02 0.05 N/A 0.18 CARBz-CH 2 COV 3.0% 8.1% N/A 19.4% Avg 0.56 0.75 0.86 0.81 Stdev 0.08 0.06 0.43 0.25 16-Hour 3 COV 13.7% 8.0% 49.8% 30.8% Avg 0.92 0.51 1.00 1.23 Stdev 0.25 0.10 0.34 0.84 TB 3 COV 27.6% 20.3% 33.8% 68.6% BG 1 Value 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.40 Because the analytical lab reported data belo w the limit of detectio n, the actual values reported were included in the summation, regardless of whether or not the value is above or below the limit of detection. Except for the 16-Hour cycle, many compounds were below the limit of detection and can contribute to the total sum.REPORT 03.13062 

### 71 of 84 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00Total PAH, mg/hp-hr

FTP-w 1.01 1.00 3.17 1.23

FTP-wo 0.97 1.02 1.19 1.35

CARBx-ICT 13.48 4.12 0.00 20.86

CARBz-CH 0.79 0.68 0.00 0.92

16-Hour 0.56 0.75 0.86 0.81

TB 0.92 0.51 1.00 1.23

BG 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.40 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 51. PAH COMPOUND B RAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

TABLE 35. SUMMARY OF OXYPAH COMPOUND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

OxyPAH, μg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 5.66 4.68 5.09 2.26 Stdev 0.39 4.00 4.87 1.47 FTP-w 3 COV 6.8% 85.5% 95.8% 65.1% Avg 11.29 5.37 2.86 2.71 Stdev 8.88 1.26 1.69 0.54 FTP-wo 3 COV 78.7% 23.5% 59.1% 19.8% Avg 29.80 16.63 N/A 47.20 Stdev 16.67 0.70 N/A 11.02 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 55.9% 4.2% N/A 23.4% Avg 2.62 2.51 N/A 0.78 Stdev 1.18 0.19 N/A 0.30 CARBz-CH 2 COV 45.1% 7.7% N/A 39.0% Avg 6.25 5.96 3.76 3.29 Stdev 1.08 0.68 1.84 0.76 16-Hour 3 COV 17.2% 11.5% 49.0% 23.0% Avg 3.61 1.55 3.45 3.38 Stdev 2.23 0.64 4.11 3.26 TB 3 COV 61.8% 41.4% 119.1% 96.6% BG 1 Value 1.07 1.05 1.10 0.98 Because the analytical lab reported data below the limit of detection, the actual values reported were included in the summation, regardless of whether or not the value is above or below the limit of detection. Except for the 16-Hour cy cle, many compounds were below the limit of detection and can contribute to the total sum.REPORT 03.13062 

### 72 of 84 -10.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00Oxy PAH, μg/hp-hr

FTP-w 5.66 4.68 5.09 2.26

FTP-wo 1 1 .29 5.37 2.86 2.71
CARBx-ICT 29.80 1 6.63 0.00 47.20
CARBz-CH 2.62 2.51 0.00 0.78

1 6-Hour 6.25 5.96 3.76 3.29

TB 3.61 1.55 3.45 3.38
BG 1 .07 1.0 5 1 .1 0 0.98 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D



### FIGURE 52. OXYPAH COMPOUND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

5.13 NitroPAH Emissions

Table 36 and Figure 53 show total brake- specific nitroPAH emissions. NitroPAH emissions for the 16-Hour cycle were a factor of 2 to 3 times higher than background levels. Also, FTP cycle emissions were more than a factor of 20 higher than the tunnel blank, but due to measurement uncertainty at such as low em ission level, no conclusions can be drawn.

5.14 Alcohol and Organic Acid Compound Emissions

Table 37 and Figure 54 show a summary of alcohol and organic acid compound brakespecific emissions. For the 16-Hour cycle, alcohol and organic compound emissions were a factor of 43 to 100 higher than background. For the FTP, the emissions were only a factor of 1.1 to 4.3 higher than a tunnel blank. This suggests that during a short sampling time of 20 minutes, the outgassing of material can have a major contribution to th e reported emissions value for cycles like the FTP, CARBx-ICT, and CARBz-CH.

5.15 Hopanes/Steranes Emissions

Table 38 and Figure 55, and Table 39 and Fi gure 56 summarize the results for hopanes and steranes. Hopanes and steranes were found in the lube oil. Since the FTP ran with and without blow-by, one would expect that the runs with out blow-by would have had lower hopanes and steranes emissions. That was the case for Engines A, B, and D. Only Engine C had lower hopanes and steranes emissions when the engine ra n with blow-by added to the exhaust. There were very little hopanes and steranes measured in the background air. N/AREPORT 03.13062 

### 73 of 84 TABLE 36. SUMMARY OF NITROPAH COMPOUND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

NitroPAH, μg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 2.36 1.51 4.17 0.57 Stdev 0.08 0.44 0.57 0.34 FTP-w 3 COV 3.5% 29.2% 13.6% 59.0% Avg 1.65 1.89 1.05 0.06 Stdev 1.22 0.96 0.69 0.06 FTP-wo 3 COV 73.7% 50.6% 65.9% 93.2% Avg 7.71 7.83 N/A 10.86 Stdev 3.95 1.20 N/A 6.06 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 51.3% 0.15 N/A 55.8% Avg 1.50 1.91 N/A 0.51 Stdev 0.44 0.17 N/A 0.05 CARBz-CH 2 COV 29.6% 0.09 N/A 10.3% Avg 0.40 0.77 0.86 0.58 Stdev 0.20 0.38 0.23 0.04 16-Hour 3 COV 50.5% 49.3% 26.6% 7.5% Avg 0.10 0.68 0.26 0.09 Stdev 0.12 0.55 0.30 0.15 TB 3 COV 117.0% 81.1% 115.5% 164.6% BG 1 Value 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.20 Because the analytical lab reported data below the li mit of detection, the actual values reported were included in the summation, regardless of whether or not the value is above or below the limit of detection. Except for the 16-Hour cycle, many compounds were belo w the limit of detection and can contribute to the total sum.

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0

Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine DNitro PAH, μg/hp-hr

FTP-w FTP-wo CARBx-ICT CARBz-CH 16-Hour TB BG



### FIGURE 53. NITROPAH COMPO UND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 74 of 84 TABLE 37. SUMMARY OF ALCOHOL AND ORGANIC ACID COMPOUND BRAKESPECIFIC EMISSIONS

Alcohol and Organic Acid Compounds, mg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D
FTP-w 3 Avg 12.60 8.36 16.14 11.50 Stdev 4.00 0.91 8.66 1.21 COV 32% 11% 54% 10% Avg 11.88 12.16 9.75 7.92 Stdev 2.50 3.16 5.57 6.04 FTP-wo 3 COV 21% 26% 57% 76% Avg 31.07 18.36 N/A 29.12 Stdev 12.29 6.00 N/A 13.23 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 40% 33% N/A 45% Avg 7.17 2.84 N/A 2.52 Stdev 1.55 0.19 N/A 0.22 CARBz-CH 2 COV 22% 7% N/A 9% Avg 1.43 0.87 1.27 0.99 Stdev 0.28 0.13 0.02 0.14 16-Hour 3 COV 19% 15% 2% 15%
TB 3 Avg 4.55 7.54 3.68 7.79 Stdev 2.20 2.83 4.71 5.57 COV 48% 38% 128% 72% BG 3 Value 0.084 0.082 0.086 0.077 Because the analytical lab reported data below the li mit of detection, the actual values reported were included in the summation, regardless of whether or not the value is above or below the limit of detection. Except for the 16-Hour cycle, many compounds were below the limit of detection and can contribute to the total sum.

-10.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00Polar Compounds, mg/hp-hr

FTP-w 1 2.60 8.36 1 6.1

4 1 1 .50

FTP-wo 1 1 .88 1 2.1

6 9.75 7.92
CARBx-ICT 31 .07 1 8.36 0.00 29.1 2
CARBz-CH 7.1 7 2.84 0.00 2.52

1 6-Hour 1 .43 0.87 1 .27 0.99

TB 4.55 7.54 3.68 7.79
BG 0.084 0.082 0.08 6 0.07 7 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 54. ALCOHOL AND ORGANIC AC ID COMPOUNDS BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 75 of 84 TABLE 38. HOPANES BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

Total Hopanes, μg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 1.93 0.38 0.11 0.78 Stdev 0.25 0.10 0.02 0.07 FTP-w 3 COV 13.0% 26.0% 18.7% 8.7% Avg 0.65 0.22 0.48 0.58 Stdev 0.23 0.05 0.10 0.04 FTP-wo 3 COV 35.7% 24.0% 21.6% 6.2% Avg 4.18 0.73 N/A 2.34 Stdev 2.05 0.02 N/A 0.29 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 49.0% 2.7% N/A 12.5% Avg 0.79 0.14 N/A 0.31 Stdev 0.14 0.00 N/A 0.02 CARBz-CH 2 COV 17.8% 0.4% N/A 7.1% Avg 2.15 0.10 0.10 0.22 Stdev 1.39 0.01 0.01 0.07 16-Hour 3 COV 64.9% 8.8% 12.0% 29.9% Avg 0.97 0.07 0.07 0.49 Stdev 0.58 0.02 0.02 0.22 TB 3 COV 60.0% 28.3% 28.3% 45.3% BG 1 Value 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Because the analytical lab reported data below the li mit of detection, the actual values reported were included in the summation, regardless of whether or not the value is above or below the limit of detection. Except for the 16-Hour cycle, many compounds were belo w the limit of detection and can contribute to the total sum.

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00Total Hopanes, μg/hp-hr

FTP-w 1.93 0.38 0.11 0.78

FTP-wo 0.65 0.22 0.48 0.58

CARBx-ICT 4.18 0.73 0.00 2.34

CARBz-CH 0.79 0.14 0.00 0.31

16-Hour 2.15 0.10 0.10 0.22

TB 0.97 0.07 0.07 0.49

BG 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 55. AVERAGE HOPANES BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 76 of 84 TABLE 39. STERANES BR AKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

Total Steranes, μg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 0.54 0.14 0.08 0.17 Stdev 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.04 FTP-w 3 COV 17.1% 23.0% 8.2% 22.3% Avg 0.17 0.12 0.20 0.09 Stdev 0.22 0.03 0.12 0.01 FTP-wo 3 COV 131.2% 21.9% 58.5% 11.6% Avg 0.93 0.25 N/A 0.60 Stdev 1.32 0.00 N/A 0.08 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 141.4% 0.4% N/A 13.9% Avg 0.30 0.06 N/A 0.12 Stdev 0.03 0.00 N/A 0.00 CARBz-CH 2 COV 11.0% 3.3% N/A 1.1% Avg 1.56 0.03 0.05 0.11 Stdev 1.07 0.00 0.01 0.04 16-Hour 3 COV 68.7% 12.9% 13.4% 37.6% Avg 0.22 0.03 0.03 0.06 Stdev 0.13 0.03 0.03 0.01 TB 3 COV 59.8% 83.6% 83.6% 24.3% BG 1 Value 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Because the analytical lab reported data below the li mit of detection, the actual values reported were included in the summation, regardless of whether or not the value is above or below the limit of detection. Except for the 16-Hour cycle, many compounds were belo w the limit of detection and can contribute to the total sum.

-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00Total Steranes, μg/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.54 0.14 0.08 0.17

FTP-wo 0.17 0.12 0.20 0.09

CARBx-ICT 0.93 0.25 0.00 0.60

CARBz-CH 0.30 0.06 0.00 0.12

16-Hour 1.56 0.03 0.05 0.11

TB 0.22 0.03 0.03 0.06

BG 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 56. AVERAGE STERANES BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 77 of 84 5.16 Dioxins/Furans Emissions

Tables 40, 41, and 42 show the toxic equiva lent (TEQ) mass of the 17 dioxin and furan compounds, for Engines A, C, and D, respectively. The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) is shown for each compound, along with the TEQ values in picograms. Essentially, the mass shown in the tables is the TEQ mass collected by an 8x10 filter and a PUF XAD during the16-Hour transient cycle, and during a 16 hour background air collection.

Table 43 shows TEQ brake-specific emissi ons for actual engine operation, background, and for net emissions determined by subtrac ting the background. The net brake-specific emissions level was below 0.5 picogram/hp-hr. The total TEQ of dioxins/furans emitted during the 16 hour cycle ranged from about 45 to 600 pi cograms. The average concentration in the exposure chamber ranged from about 0.006 to 0.08 picograms per cubic meter.

In a 1996 and 1998 on-highway diesel truck tu nnel study [2], the TEQ was estimated to be about 946 picograms per liter of diesel fuel . The calculated TEQ emissions in this work ranges from 0.13 to 1.4 picogram per liter of dies el fuel, which represents a greater than 99.9 percent reduction.

Table 44 shows the sum of tetra-, penta-, he xa-, and hepta- dioxins/furans. Total dioxin/furan emissions are a fact or of 100 higher than the toxi c-equivalent dioxins/furans.

Table 45 shows the presence of total chlorine in fresh and used lube oil for Engine C and D. The concentration by mass is on the order of 120 ppm. Table 46 show s the concentration of chlorine and chloride, and total chlorine (sum of chlorine and chloride) in the background air and also in engine intake air. Engine intake air is typically humidified with a water spray to meet target levels of relative humi dity and temperature required by CFR Part 1065. The elevated chlorine level in the intake air may be due to the chlorine contained in the water spray. Both intake air chlorine and chlorine in the lube oil may contribute to dioxin and furan formation.

5.17 Cyanide, Sulfide, and Hexaval ent Chromium Emissions

The emissions for cyanide, sulfide, and hexa valent chromium were all below the lowest detection limit, which was about 0.6, 11.5, and 0.1 μg /hp-hr, respectively, fo r the 16-Hour cycle.

5.18 Nitrosamines Emissions

Table 47 and Figure 57 show a summary of tota l nitrosamines. For the 16-Hour cycle, Nnitrosodi-N-methylamine (NDMA) dominated the emissions. For the rest of the cycles and engines, the emissions mainly contained N-ni trosodi-N-ethylamine (NDEA) besides NDMA. Detailed data are included in Appendix F.REPORT 03.13062 

### 78 of 84 TABLE 40. TEQ MASS OF DIOXINS/ FURANS COLLECTE D DURING 16-HOUR CYCLE FOR ENGINE A AND BACKGROUND SAMPLE

Engine A TEQ Dioxins/Furans, ng/sample

TEQ Summary

ANALYTE TEF 16-Hour Cycle XAD 16-Hour Cycle 8 x 10 Filter 16-Hour Background XAD 16-Hour Background 8 x 10 Filter
2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 0 0 0 0 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 0.5 0 0 0.0314 0 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 0.052 0 0 0 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 0.0908 0 0 0 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.1 0.145 0 0 0 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.01 0.0462 0 0.0408 0.0345
OCDD 0.001 0.02548 0.0177 0.00586 0 2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.1 1.56 0.172 0.808 0 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.05 0.3925 0.04625 0.1155 0 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.5 0 0 0.715 1.04 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.248 0.392 0.28 0.351 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.528 0.262 0.1315 0.21 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.1 0 0 0 0 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0 0.286 0.0638 0 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01 0 0 0 0 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.01 0 0 0 0
OCDF 0.001 0.00795 0.008 0.00587 0.00257 Total TEQ, ng/sample 3.10 1.18 2.20 1.64 TEQ: toxic equivalent mass that is obtained by multiplying the measured mass per sample of a particular compound by the toxic equivalent factor (TEF)



### TABLE 41. TEQ MASS OF DIOXINS/ FURANS COLLECTED DURING 16-HOUR CYCLE FOR ENGINE C AND BACKGROUND SAMPLE

Engine C TEQ Dioxins/Furans, ng/sample

TEQ Summary

ANALYTE TEF 16-Hour Cycle XAD 16-Hour Cycle 8 x 10 Filter 16-Hour Background XAD 16-Hour Background 8 x 10 Filter
2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 0 0 0 0 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 0.5 0 0 0 0 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 0.146 0.21 0 0 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 0 0.193 0 0 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.1 0.243 0.484 0.164 0 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.01 0.0761 0.0498 0.0505 0.0483
OCDD 0.001 0.0544 0.0126 0.03328 0.0135 2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.1 1.522 0.409 1.041 0 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.05 0.211 0.149 0.0705 0 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.5 4.215 2.48 3.005 1.39 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.825 0.719 0 0 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.296 0 0.1963 0 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.1 0.218 0 0 0 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.21 0 0.107 0 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01 0 0 0 0 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.01 0.063 0 0 0
OCDF 0.001 0.00393 0.00715 0.00212 0.00481 Total TEQ, ng/sample 8.08 4.71 4.67 1.46 TEQ: toxic equivalent mass that is obtained by multiplying the measured mass per sample of a particular compound by the toxic equivalent factor (TEF)REPORT 03.13062 

### 79 of 84 TABLE 42. TEQ MASS OF DIOXINS/ FURANS COLLECTE D DURING 16-HOUR CYCLE FOR ENGINE D AND BACKGROUND SAMPLE

Engine D TEQ Dioxins/Furans, ng/sample

TEQ Summary

ANALYTE TEF 16-Hour Cycle XAD 16-Hour Cycle 8 x 10 Filter 16-Hour Background XAD 16-Hour Background 8 x 10 Filter
2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 0 0 0 0
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 0.5 0 0 0 0
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 0.037 0 0 0
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 0.088 0 0 0
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.1 0 0.679 0 0 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.01 0.0263 0.0881 0.0369 0.0689

OCDD 0.001 0.0468 0.0218 0.04597 0.0172
2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.1 1.282 0.24 0.72 0
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.05 0.105 0.161 0.182 0
2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.5 5.69 3.005 0 1.775
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.3 0 0 0.443
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0 0.616 0.244 0.304
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.1 0 0 0 0
2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.0912 0 0.149 0.287 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01 0 0 0 0 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.01 0 0 0 0

OCDF 0.001 0.00695 0.00426 0.00832 0.00624

Total TEQ, ng/sample 7.67 4.82 1.39 2.90 TEQ: toxic equivalent mass that is obtained by multiplying the measured mass per sample of a particular compound by the toxic equivalent factor (TEF)



### TABLE 43. TEQ DIOXINS/FURANS BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS AND CONCENTRATION

Engine picogram/hp-hr Background picogram/hp-hr Net a picogram/hp-hr Net a per Cycle picograms Net a Exposure Chamber picogram/m3 Engine A 0.36 0.34 0.04 70.72 0.0008 Engine C 1.51 0.38 1.15 1455.79 0.0161 Engine D 0.92 0.25 0.68 1282.34 0.0140

a The net value background corrected using Xnet = Xr-(1-1/DR)*Xbg, where Xr is the reported emissions without background correction, Xbg is the reported emissions for background, and DR is the average dilution ratio in the CVS during the 16-Hour cycle.REPORT 03.13062 

### 80 of 84 TABLE 44. TOTAL DIOXINS/FURANS BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS AND CONCENTRATION

Engine picogram/hp-hr Background picogram/hp-hr Net a 

### picogram/hp-hr Net a 

### per Cycle picograms Net a 

### Exposure Chamber picogram/m3 Engine A 35.43 11.59 24.42 42732.34 0.4869 Engine C 30.55 15.58 15.71 19845.59 0.2199 Engine D 32.01 9.82 22.61 42609.63 0.4654

a The net value background corrected using Xnet = Xr-(1-1/DR)*Xbg, where Xr is the reported emissions without background correction, Xbg is the reported emissions for background, and DR is the average dilution ratio in the CVS during the 16-Hour cycle.



### TABLE 45. TOTAL CHLORINE IN ENGINE LUBRICANT

SwRI Code Source Result, mg/kg

EM-3275-EO New Oil 120 EM-3277-EO Engine C 124 EM-3282-EO Engine D 130 Duplicate result Engine D 133

TABLE 46. TOTAL CH LORINE IN AIR

Chlorine, Cl 2 

### , μg/m3 Chloride, Cl - 

### , μg/m3 Total Chlorine, μg/m3 C16H-62 Engine C Intake Air 85 98 183

C16H-62-BG 61 75 136 D16H60 Engine D Intake Air 82 94 176

D16H60-BG 124 <69 ~158REPORT 03.13062 

### 81 of 84 TABLE 47. NITROSAMINES BR AKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

Nitrosamines, μg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 168.0 137.6 73.5 429.6 Stdev 199.6 87.5 11.8 203.3 FTP-w 3 COV 119% 64% 16% 47% Avg N/A 105.0 118.2 179.0 Stdev N/A 64.8 78.7 310.0 FTP-wo 3 COV N/A 61.7% 66.6% 173.2% Avg 442.8 60.3 N/A 839.5 Stdev 626.2 85.2 N/A 1187.2 CARBx-ICT 2 COV 141% 141% N/A 141% Avg 114.6 86.0 N/A 29.6 Stdev 89.3 36.8 N/A 0.2 CARBz-CH 2 COV 78% 43% N/A 1% Avg 46.5 107.7 100.6 26.6 Stdev 14.2 140.9 74.6 8.5 16-Hour 3
COV 30% 131% 74% 32%

-500.0 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0Nitrosamines, μg/hp-hr

FTP-w 168.0 137.6 73.5 429.6

FTP-wo 0.0 105.0 118.2 179.0

CARBx-ICT 442.8 60.3 0.0 839.5

CARBz-CH 114.6 86.0 0.0 29.6

16-Hour 46.5 107.7 100.6 26.6 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A

N/A



### FIGURE 57. AVERAGE TOTAL NITROSAMINES EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 82 of 84 5.19 Selected VOC Emissions

Table 48 and Figure 58 show the brake-speci fic emissions of selected VOCs. These included carbonyl sulfide (COS), nitromethane, n itroethane, 2-nitropropane , and 1-nitropropane. Generally, COS and nitromethane (CH 3 

### NO 2 

### ) dominated the selected VOC compound emissions.

TABLE 48. SELECTED VOC COMPO UND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONS

HVOCs, mg/hp-hr Test Cycle Number of Repeats Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Avg 0.39 3.50 1.79 0.34 Stdev 0.31 3.61 0.98 0.03 FTP-w 3

COV 78.5% 103.1% 54.4% 8.6% Avg 0.93 7.45 1.07 0.45 Stdev 0.29 11.01 0.73 0.19 FTP-wo 3
COV 30.9% 147.8% 67.6% 41.0% Avg 6.97 2.57 N/A 1.86 Stdev 4.98 1.76 N/A 0.44 CARBx-ICT 2
COV 71.4% 68.5% N/A 23.9% Avg 1.29 3.50 N/A 2.28 Stdev 0.44 0.19 N/A 0.50 CARBz-CH 2
COV 34.3% 5.5% N/A 22.0% Avg 2.87 1.02 0.17 0.95
Stdev 1.92 0.00 0.29 0.41 16-Hour 3

COV 66.8% 0.2% 173.2% 42.8%

-5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00Volatile Organic Compound, mg/hp-hr

FTP-w 0.39 3.50 1.79 0.34

FTP-wo 0.93 7.45 1.07 0.45

CARBx-ICT 6.97 2.57 0.00 1.86

CARBz-CH 1.29 3.50 0.00 2.28

16-Hour 2.87 1.02 0.17 0.95 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

N/A



### FIGURE 58. AVERAGE SELECTED VOC COMPOUND BRAKE-SPECIFIC EMISSIONSREPORT 03.13062 

### 83 of 84 6.0 SUMMARY

ACES Phase 1 engine testing started in March, 2007, and was completed in August, 2008. Four model year 2007 heavy-duty diesel engi nes were characterized for regulated and unregulated emissions using di fferent cycles that included the FTP, CARBx-ICT, CARBz-CH, and the 16-Hour transient cycle. A backup engine was characterized for regulated emissions at SwRI's San Antonio, Texas, elevation (baromet ric pressure of 99.3 kPa) and at a simulated higher elevation (barometric pressu re of 82.6 kpa) similar to that at LRRI in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

• Regulated emissions of NMHC, CO, and PM were 95, 98, and 89 percent below the EPA 2007 standard, respectively, and NO x 

### emissions were 10 percent below the standard.

• Unregulated emissions that included si ngle ring aromatics, PAH, nitroPAH, alkanes, alcohol and organic acids, hopanes/steranes, carbonyls, metals and elements, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and dioxins/furans were 79 to 99 percent lower than the emissions from a similar 2004 technology engine. Inorganic ions were 38 percent lower.

• Average FTP NO 2 

### to NO x 

### ratio was 68 percent for th e ACES engines, which is higher than the 4 to 15 percent expected in 2004 technology engi nes. The use of catalyzed aftertreatment devices for PM reduction in 2007 technology engines is causing the temporary increase in NO 2 

### to NO x 

### ratio, but in 2010, both the absolute level of NO 2 

### as well as NO x 

### emissions must be reduced to meet EPA 2010 NOx standard of 0.20 g/hp-hr, an 83 percent reduction from an average 2007 NOx emission level of 1.2 g/hp-hr.

• Higher elevation led to 34 percent increase in NO x 

### emissions for the FTP transient cycle.

• Lower exhaust temperature operation led to higher emissions of low and high molecular weight hydrocarbons, mainly due to the lower oxidation rates of the catalyzed aftertreatment systems.

• Average PM emissions with blowy-by was 50 percent higher than the PM emissions without blow-by.

• Average particle number emissions were one to two orders of magnitude lower than from typical 2004 technology engines. Active DPF regeneration events led to a more than one order of magnitude increase in cycle average particle number emissions, even though their occurrence was infrequent.

• Tunnel blank emission levels were simila r to the emissions reported for the FTP cycle for many unregulated emissions sp ecies. CVS tunnel contamination, and storage and release of materials ma y impact the results for emissions measurements at extremely low levels . No tunnel blank corrections were performed during this work. Only tunnel background correction was performed when available.

Finally, some selected specia tion data that are discussed in the body of the report are included in the designated appendi ces. All raw data will be transferred to a CRC website at http://www.crcao.org , which will be accessible to the public.REPORT 03.13062 

### 84 of 84 7.0 REFERENCES

1. Clark, N, M. Gautam, W Wayne, D. Lyons , G. Thompson, B. Zielinska, “HEAVYDUTY Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Testing for Emissions Inventory, Air Quality Modeling, Source Apportionment and Air T oxics Emissions I nventory,” CRC Report No. E55/E59, August, 2007. 2. “An Inventory of Sources and Environmenta l Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States for the Years 1987, 1995, and 2000,” National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Resear ch and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC, http://www.epa.gov/ncea/ pdfs/dioxin/2006/dioxin.pdf

. 3. Clark, N.N., F. Zhen, C. Bedick, M. Gautam, W. Wayne, G. Thompson, and D. Lyons, “Creation of the 16-Hour Engine Te st Schedule from the Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Test Schedule,” CRC Re port No. ACES-1-a, CRC Website at crcao.org, 2007. 4. Khalek, I.A.,”2007 Diesel Particulate M easurement Research,” CRC E-66 Executive Summary, CRC Website at crcao.org, 2008. 5. Chuang, J.C., S.V. Hannan, an d N.K. Wilson, "Field Compar ison of Polyurethane Foam and XAD-2 Resin for Air Sampling for Po lynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Environ. Sci. Technol.

, 21 , 798, 1987. 6. Zaranski, M.T., G.W. Patton, L.L. McConne ll, and T.F. Bidleman, "Collection of Nonpolar Organic Compounds from Ambient Air Using Polyurethane Foam-Granular Adsorbent Sandwich Cartridges," Anal. Chem.

, 63 , 1228-1232, 1991. 7. Schauer, J. J, G.C. Lough, M.M. Schafer, W.F. Christensen, “C haracterization of Metals Emitted from Motor Vehicles,” Research Report 133, Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, March 2006. 8. Chuang, J.C., M.R. Kuhlman, and N. Wilson, “Evaluation of methods for simultaneous collection and determinati on of nicotine and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 24 , 661-665, 2006. 9. Atkinson, R., J. Arey, A.M. Winer and B. Zielinska, "A survey of ambient concentrations of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at various locations in California." Fi nal Report, prepared under Contract No. A5-185-32, for the California Air Resources Board, S acramento, CA, by Statewide Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, CA, 1988. 10. Zielinska, B., J. Arey, R. Atkinson, and A. M. Winer, “The nitroarenes of molecular weight 247 in ambient particulate samples collected in Southern California,” Atmos. Environ., 23, 223-229, 1989. 11. Bamford H.A., D.Z. Bezabeh, M.M. Scha ntz, S.A. Wise, and J.E. Baker, “Determination and comparison of nitr ated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured in air and diesel pa rticulate reference materials,” Chemosphere, 50, 575- 587, 2003.REPORT 03.13062 

## APPENDIX A

HEI REPORT ON EN GINE SELECTIONREPORT 03.13062 

### A-1 

## Health Effects Institute

Report on Engine Selection June 20, 2008

Engine Selection Process GroupREPORT 03.13062 

### A-2 REPORT ON ENGINE SELECTION Prepared by the Engine Selection Process Group June 20, 2008

INTRODUCTION The Advanced Collaborative Emission Study (ACES) is a product stewardship initiative undertaken to characterize the emissions and assess the potential cancer and noncancer effects of the exhaust of heavy heavy-duty diesel engines and control systems de signed to meet the 2007 and 2010 standards for particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). It is funded by U.S. DOE, U.S. EPA, the Engine Manufacturers Association, California ARB, the Am erican Petroleum Institute, Corning, and the Coordinating Research Council. For this study, four manufacturers (Caterpillar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel, and Volvo) have voluntarily provided 2007-complia nt production-ready engines for evaluation of emissions. The identity of the engines is being kept confidential, and the engines have been randomly assigned a letter from A to D.

In Phase 1 of ACES, which is completed, extensiv e characterization of the gaseous and particulate emissions of the four engines has been conducted at Southwest Research Inst itute (SwRI). A 16-Hour cycle, developed for use in Phase 3, was also u sed as one of the test cycles in the emissions characterization. The results from the triplicate 16-hr cycles have been the basis for selecting one heavy heavy-duty diesel engine/aftertreatment system for hea lth testing. In Phase 3, the selected 2007-compliant engine system will be installed in a specially-design ed emissions generation and animal exposure facility. Emissions will be characterized in the chambers prio r to the engine’s use in a chronic inhalation study with health measurements at several time periods. Phase 2 will involve characterization of emissions from 2010-compliant engines.

Phase 1 has been overseen by CRC and its ACES Panel; Phase 3 is overseen by HEI and its ACES Oversight Committee.

In March 2007, HEI set up an Engine Selection Process Group (ESPG) comprising a subset of members of the CRC ACES Panel and HEI ACES Oversight Committee to guide HEI in the process of engine selection. This report provides an overview of the process to develop and finalize the engine selection plan, a brief description of the Final Engine Select ion Plan, a summary of the Phase 1 study results and the role of the CRC ACES Panel, and the process by which the ESPG made a recommendation for engine selection.

Attached to this document is the Final Plan for Engine Selection of May 29, 2008 (prepared by the ESPG).

A Summary of Exhaust Species Measurements and Calculations for ACES Phase 1 Engine Selection Process and the tables with emissions rates for all speci es used in engine selection (prepared by Dr. Imad Khalek of SwRI) are available on a secure web site upon request.

OVERVIEW OF PROCESS TO DEVELO P THE ENGINE SELECTION PLAN The process by which the ESPG developed and modified the plan is described in the Final Plan for Engine Selection of May 29, 2008. That document re presents the second revision of the Initial Draft Plan for Engine Selection (dated September 29, 2007) , which was approved by the Steering Committee in October 2007. The first set of modifications to the plan were made in the winter of 2008 and resulted in the Final Initial Plan for Engine Selection of Ap ril 11, 2008. These included (1) removing dioxin andREPORT 03.13062 

### A-3 furans (which were not analyzed in the 16-Hour cycl e for all engines) from the list of components to be used in engine selection, (2) adding chloride (as a potential precursor of dioxin), and (3) adding a new section describing the protocol for engine selecti on. This document was approved by the ESPG and discussed at the Joint Meeting of the HEI ACES Over sight and Advisory Committees on April 29, 2008.

In establishing the Initial Plan, the ESPG kept the ability to refine it once the actual data became available for review. As described in more detail in the next section, the CRC Panel recommended some minor changes during one of their periodic meetings to re view and discuss the results of Phase 1. These were approved by the ESPG and incorporated in the Final Plan for Engine Selection of May 29, 2008. They include: (1) clarifying how to report negative data resulting from background correction; (2) clarifying that total PAHs be referred to as “total PAHs with the exclusion of nitro-and oxygenated PAHs” to avoid double counting of those PAHs, which are in the list of compounds for engine selection on their own; and (3) adding a new rule for removing compounds for whic h measurements are at or below the LOD in each of the three replicates for three of the four engin es. Because the changes made in the two subsequent revisions of the Initial Draft Plan for Engine Selec tion approved by the ESPG did not substantially alter the principles and rules laid out in the Initial Dr aft, those documents were not sent to the Steering Committee for approval.

The Initial Plan deferred the decision on all aspects of analyses of the emissions data to the CRC ACES Panel. At the May 7 and 8, 2008 meeting the CRC Panel agreed on the following:

• Background correction will be made for those me asurements for which the EPA CFR prescribes such correction and for those exhaust measur ements for which background emissions were measured simultaneously.

• Metals measurements will be reported based on the XRF method. Although two methods, XRF and ICP-MS, were used to measure metals, the panel members agreed that the XRF was more sensitive than the ICP-MS method for most metals.

• If no quality issues with the data could be identif ied, the data would not be removed on the basis of numerical value.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ENGINE SELECTION PLAN The plan set forth the following general principles:

• The study does not have adequate statistical power to distinguish among engines;

• All selected emission components should have th e same weight in the total ranking because their relative toxicity cannot be assessed at low concentrations; and

• It is important to avoid choosing an engine with the lowest overall emissions, because it may lead to questions about effects of emissions fr om engines with higher overall emissions.

The plan states that the engine selection will use 4 ways of ranking the co mpounds, one nonparametric and three parametric. Regardless of the method, ranks of individual component or classes of components for each engine are added to obtain an overall score . The highest overall score for each method will have the highest rank (i.e. 4th).

• If 3 or 4 of the methods yield the same 4th ranking engine, that engine will be selected;

• If fewer than 3 methods identify the same 4th ra nking engine, the engine would be selected randomly, with the following two caveats:

o If 3 or 4 of the ranking methods yield the same 1st ranking engine, this engine will not be included in the random selection;REPORT 03.13062 

### A-4 o If an engine is defined as an outlier, it w ill not be included in the random selection (because it would not be considered representative).

SUMMARY OF PHASE 1 STUDY AND ROLE OF THE CRC ACES PANEL Phase 1 was carried at SwRI by Dr. Imad Khalek an d collaborators at Desert Research Institute. The CRC Panel met regularly during the course of the testing to review and discuss the results of all test cycles (FTP, CARB and combined 16-Hour FTP/CARB cycles) as they became available. The final meeting of the Panel to discuss the 16-Hour emissi on data to be used for engine selection was held on May 7 and 8 at SwRI. Two members of the HEI Oversight Committee and a member of the HEI staff participated as well. The goal of the meeting was to review all data from the Phase 1 of ACES and clarify any questions about the results, in advance of HEI’s ESPG meeting to select the engine.

A large part of the data were presented and reviewed at the CRC ACES Panel meeting. These included all the regulated pollutants, PAHs, carbonyls, and metals fo r all the cycles. Some of the data were still being processed (ionic inorganic species and EC/OC for engi ne B) and were not presented. Butadiene was not detected in any of the samples. Most of the data repor ted were not considered final. It was agreed that Dr. Imad Khalek and his collaborators would continue th e data review, focusing on the 16-Hour cycle, and would post the data on an FTP site so all Panel me mbers could review them as well. Once the CRC Panel and Dr. Khalek felt confident that all data transforma tion steps were right, errors had been corrected, and predetermined rules for eliminating values below th e LOD had been applied appropriately, the final average emission rates for each compound and class of compounds for each engine data (see Table 1) were provided to Dr. Robert Mason (the SwRI st atistician) for ranking according to the methods described in the Engine Selection Plan. The overall ra nking of the four engines is provided in Table 3. The four ranking tables are provided in on pages 7 and 8 of this document.

Table 1. Summary of Emission Rates for Compounds and Classes of Compounds Used for Engine Ranking (6/4/08)

Emissions Components Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D AVG. St. dev. NO (g/hp-hr) 0.54 0.48 0.86 0.63 0.63 0.17

NO 2 (g/hp-hr) 0.95 0.91 0.56 0.56 0.74 0.21 Carbon Monoxide (g/hp-hr) 0.09 0.08 0.46 0.15 0.20 0.18 PM Mass (g/hp-hr) 0.0013 0.0012 0.0011 0.0013 0.0012 0.0001 PM Number (Part./hp-hr) 4.13E+13 5.67E+13 1.66E+13 2.38E+13 3.46E+13 1.80E+13 EC (mg/hp-hr) 0.20 0.27 0.26 0.22 0.24 0.03 OC (mg/hp-hr) 1.53 0.24 0.26 0.52 0.64 0.61 Total Metals (by XRF) (μg/hp-hr) 62.37 62.15 28.88 89.91 60.82 24.97Inorganic Ionic Species (mg/hphr) 3.84 3.09 2.86 2.47 3.06 0.57

Carbonyl compounds (mg/hp-hr) 4.99 1.64 4.40 2.44 3.37 1.59 Single ring aromatic compounds (mg/hp-hr) 0.35 1.20 0.81 0.69 0.76 0.35

Total PAHs (mg/hp-hr) 0.55 0.73 0.84 0.80 0.73 0.13 Total Nitro PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 0.44 0.77 0.86 0.58 0.66 0.19Total oxygenated PAHs (μg/hphr) 6.25 5.96 3.76 3.29 4.82 1.51

Nitrosamines (μg/hp-hr) 32.54 28.06 52.89 25.82 34.83 12.36REPORT 03.13062 

### A-5 MEETING OF THE ESPG TO SELECT THE ENGINE
On June 6, 2008, the ESPG met at HEI to review th e final set of data and select the engine for Phase 3 based on the final ranking of the four engines. The lis t of all ESPG members and those who participated is provided in Table 2. Other participants included: Robert Mason (SwRI) and members of the HEI staff (Maria Costantini, Daniel Greenbaum, R obert O’Keefe, and Annemoon van Erp).

The meeting started with an overview of the results of Phase 1 by Dr. Tennant. He explained how the 16- Hour cycle was selected and developed and noted that it was designed to capture a cold start. Regeneration occurred at least once during the 16-Hour cycle. For this testing, the CVS was also connected to an exposure chamber (without animals). Most of the me asurements were made in samples taken from the CVS, but some (EC, OC, and PM numb er) were made in samples taken from the exposure chamber. The emission rates of the regulated polluta nts were well below the 2007 standards. For a few species (CO, EC, toluene, and iron) an unusual varian ce was noted that could not be explained by issues in sample collection or analyses.

The ESPG members noted that both EC and OC were higher than the PM filter mass. This could have been due to the fact that they were measured in the chamber while the PM mass was measured in the CVS or to artifacts in collecting PM on a filter. Another observation was that the mass of total inorganic ions was higher than that of the PM filter mass. This coul d not be explained. The ESPG decided to leave this class of compounds in the list because, even if there we re an error, it appeared to be systematic and thus was unlikely to bias the engine selection. Th e ESPG noted that two engines had higher NO 2 

### emissions (A and B) compared to the other two (C and D) and that, if an engine with higher NO 2 

### were selected, its exhaust may need to be diluted more. With regard to elements, the ESPG was surprised to find that Table 2. List of ESPG members at the June 6 meeting Present On the phone Reynaldo Agama, Caterpillar Y James Ball, Ford N Melvyn Branch, HEI Oversight Committee N Steve Cadle (retired), representing General Motors Y Kenneth Demerjian, HEI Oversight Committee N Timothy French, EMA Y Helmut Greim, HEI Oversight Committee N Thomas Hesterberg, International N Donald Keski-Hynnila, Detroit Diesel Y David Kittelson, HEI Oversight Committee Y Douglas Lawson, NREL Y Hector Maldonado, CARB Y Mani Natarajan, Marathon Petroleum Co N Howard Rockette, HEI Oversight Committee Y Shirish Shimpi, Cummins Y Joseph Somers, EPA Y Chris Tennant, CRC Y Mark Utell (Chair), HEI Oversight Committee Y Urban Wass, Volvo N Y Kenneth Wright, Conoco Phillips YREPORT 03.13062 

### A-6 sodium was the most abundant one. It was not clear whether sodium was a contaminant or whether it was coming from lube oil. In the absence of a valid reason for removing this element, it was left in the list.

Dr. Mason summarized how the measurements below the LOD had been treated based on the rules set in the Final Engine Selection Plan. He noted that chlo ride was the only species removed because for at least 3 engines, all three measurements were below the LOD. He also explained that none of the engines met the criteria for being defined as an outlier. The resu lts supported the initial hypotheses that no engine had higher or lower emissions for all the components than the other engines. Dr. Rockette (the biostatistician of the ESPG) applied two tests that are used to dete rmine whether there are differences among groups of measurements (Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance and ANOVA). The tests did not show statistically significant differences among the four en gines, although the small number of samples limited the ability to detect a difference even if one did exist.

The ESPG noted that the results show that, based on the engine selection rules, there is little or no difference in the total ranking among the engines, but one of the four engines (D) did happen to rank lowest in all four ranking methods (see Table 3). This finding excluded this engine from being included in the random selection. The ranking of the other th ree engines changed depending on the ranking method used and no engine was ranked highest with at least three of the four ranking methods.

Some ESPG members expressed concern about the fact that two of the four ranking methods (2b – which corrects by the standard deviation, and 2c – which co rrects by the mean and the standard deviation) give rise to exactly the same rank order among the four engi nes and only one should have been used. However, all ESPG members agreed that the group should not create new rules post-hoc . Dr. Mason commented that, if one used only method 1 (which ranks the data from lowest to highest and ignores the actual values) and 2c (which is the most common standardization method and uses both the mean and the standard deviation) the results would not change.

Given the ranking results, the ESPG – including the repr esentatives of all four engine manufacturers – agreed that the selection should be random among e ngines A, B, and C. This was done by random drawing by Dr. Mark Utell, Chair of the HEI Research Committee. The engine that was randomly selected was Engine B; hence the ESPG recomme nds that Engine B be used for Phase 3. Table 3. Summary of total ranking (6/4/2008) Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D
Method 1 40.5 36.0 39.5 34.0
Method 2a 15.96 14.83 15.89 13.33
Method 2b 59.31 60.12 60.12 54.61
Method 2c 0.77 1.58 1.58 -3.93

Highest
LowestREPORT 03.13062 

### A-7 Ranking Method 1

6/4/08 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

Emissions Components Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Total Rankings NO, g/hp-hr 0.54 2.0 0.48 1.0 0.86 4.0 0.63 3.0 10.0 NO2, g/hp-hr 0.95 4.0 0.91 3.0 0.56 1.5 0.56 1.5 10.0 Carbon Monoxide, g/hp-hr 0.09 2.0 0.08 1.0 0.46 4.0 0.15 3.0 10.0 PM Mass, g/hp-hr 0.0013 3.5 0.0012 2.0 0.0011 1.0 0.0013 3.5 10.0 PM Number, Part./hp-hr 4.13E+13 3.0 5.67E+13 4.0 1.66E+13 1.0 2.38E+13 2.0 10.0 EC (mg/hp-hr) 0.20 1.0 0.27 4.0 0.26 3.0 0.22 2.0 10.0 OC (mg/hp-hr) 1.53 4.0 0.24 1.0 0.26 2.0 0.52 3.0 10.0 Total Metals, mg/hp-hr 62.37 3.0 62.15 2.0 28.88 1.0 89.91 4.0 10.0 Inorganic Ionic Species, mg/hp-hr 3.84 4.0 3.09 3.0 2.86 2.0 2.47 1.0 10.0 Carbonyl compounds (mg/hp-hr) 4.99 4.0 1.64 1.0 4.40 3.0 2.44 2.0 10.0 Single ring aromatic compounds, mg/hp-hr 0.35 1.0 1.20 4.0 0.81 3.0 0.69 2.0 10.0 Total PAHs (mg/hp-hr) 0.55 1.0 0.73 2.0 0.84 4.0 0.80 3.0 10.0 Total Nitro PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 0.44 1.0 0.77 3.0 0.86 4.0 0.58 2.0 10.0 Total oxygenated PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 6.25 4.0 5.96 3.0 3.76 2.0 3.29 1.0 10.0 Nitrosamines (μg/hp-hr) 32.54 3.0 28.06 2.0 52.89 4.0 25.82 1.0 10.0 Total Ranking 40.5 36.0 39.5 34.0

Ranking Method 2a

6/4/08 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

Emissions Components Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Mean of 4 Engines NO, g/hp-hr 0.54 0.86 0.48 0.76 0.86 1.37 0.63 1.00 0.63 NO2, g/hp-hr 0.95 1.28 0.91 1.22 0.56 0.75 0.56 0.75 0.75 Carbon Monoxide, g/hp-hr 0.09 0.46 0.08 0.41 0.46 2.36 0.15 0.77 0.20 PM Mass, g/hp-hr 0.0013 1.06 0.0012 0.98 0.0011 0.90 0.0013 1.06 0.0012 PM Number, Part./hp-hr 4.13E+13 1.19 5.67E+13 1.64 1.66E+13 0.48 2.38E+13 0.69 3.46E+13 EC (mg/hp-hr) 0.20 0.84 0.27 1.14 0.26 1.09 0.22 0.93 0.24 OC (mg/hp-hr) 1.53 2.40 0.24 0.38 0.26 0.41 0.52 0.82 0.64 Total Metals, mg/hp-hr 62.37 1.03 62.15 1.02 28.88 0.47 89.91 1.48 60.83 Inorganic Ionic Species, mg/hp-hr 3.84 1.25 3.09 1.01 2.86 0.93 2.47 0.81 3.07 Carbonyl compounds (mg/hp-hr) 4.99 1.48 1.64 0.49 4.40 1.31 2.44 0.72 3.37 single ring aromatic compounds, mg/hp-hr 0.35 0.46 1.20 1.57 0.81 1.06 0.69 0.90 0.76 Total PAHs (mg/hp-hr) 0.55 0.75 0.73 1.00 0.84 1.15 0.80 1.10 0.73 Total Nitro PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 0.44 0.66 0.77 1.16 0.86 1.30 0.58 0.88 0.66 Total oxygenated PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 6.25 1.30 5.96 1.24 3.76 0.78 3.29 0.68 4.82 Nitrosamines (μg/hp-hr) 32.54 0.93 28.06 0.81 52.89 1.52 25.82 0.74 34.83 Total Ranking 15.96 14.83 15.89 13.33 

### RANKING TABLESREPORT 03.13062 

### A-8 Ranking Method 2b

6/4/08 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

Emissions Components Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Std. Dev. Of 4 Engines NO, g/hp-hr 0.54 3.24 0.48 2.88 0.86 5.16 0.63 3.78 0.17 NO2, g/hp-hr 0.95 4.43 0.91 4.25 0.56 2.61 0.56 2.61 0.21 Carbon Monoxide, g/hp-hr 0.09 0.50 0.08 0.45 0.46 2.56 0.15 0.84 0.18 PM Mass, g/hp-hr 0.0013 13.58 0.0012 12.53 0.0011 11.49 0.0013 13.58 0.0001 PM Number, Part./hp-hr 4.13E+13 2.29 5.67E+13 3.15 1.66E+13 0.92 2.38E+13 1.32 1.80E+13 EC (mg/hp-hr) 0.20 6.05 0.27 8.17 0.26 7.87 0.22 6.66 0.03 OC (mg/hp-hr) 1.53 2.51 0.24 0.39 0.26 0.43 0.52 0.85 0.61 Total Metals, mg/hp-hr 62.37 2.50 62.15 2.49 28.88 1.16 89.91 3.60 24.97 Inorganic Ionic Species, mg/hp-hr 3.84 6.66 3.09 5.36 2.86 4.96 2.47 4.28 0.58 Carbonyl compounds (mg/hp-hr) 4.99 3.15 1.64 1.03 4.40 2.77 2.44 1.54 1.59 single ring aromatic compounds, mg/hp-hr 0.35 1.00 1.20 3.42 0.81 2.31 0.69 1.97 0.35 Total PAHs (mg/hp-hr) 0.55 4.29 0.73 5.69 0.84 6.55 0.80 6.23 0.13 Total Nitro PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 0.44 2.33 0.77 4.08 0.86 4.56 0.58 3.07 0.19 Total oxygenated PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 6.25 4.15 5.96 3.96 3.76 2.50 3.29 2.18 1.51 Nitrosamines (μg/hp-hr) 32.54 2.63 28.06 2.27 52.89 4.28 25.82 2.09 12.36 Total Ranking 59.31 60.12 60.12 54.61

Ranking Method 2c

6/4/08 Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D

Emissions Components Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Emissions Rank Mean of 4 Engines Std. Dev. Of 4 Engines NO, g/hp-hr 0.54 -0.52 0.48 -0.88 0.86 1.39 0.63 0.01 0.63 0.17 NO2, g/hp-hr 0.95 0.96 0.91 0.77 0.56 -0.86 0.56 -0.86 0.75 0.21 Carbon Monoxide, g/hp-hr 0.09 -0.59 0.08 -0.64 0.46 1.48 0.15 -0.25 0.20 0.18 PM Mass, g/hp-hr 0.0013 0.78 0.0012 -0.26 0.0011 -1.31 0.0013 0.78 0.0012 0.00 PM Number, Part./hp-hr 4.13E+13 0.37 5.67E+13 1.23 1.66E+13 -1.00 2.38E+13 -0.60 3.46E+13 1.80E+13 EC (mg/hp-hr) 0.20 -1.13 0.27 0.98 0.26 0.68 0.22 -0.53 0.24 0.03 OC (mg/hp-hr) 1.53 1.47 0.24 -0.65 0.26 -0.62 0.52 -0.19 0.64 0.61 Total Metals, mg/hp-hr 62.37 0.06 62.15 0.05 28.88 -1.28 89.91 1.16 60.83 24.97 Inorganic Ionic Species, mg/hp-hr 3.84 1.34 3.09 0.04 2.86 -0.36 2.47 -1.03 3.07 0.58 Carbonyl compounds (mg/hp-hr) 4.99 1.02 1.64 -1.09 4.40 0.65 2.44 -0.58 3.37 1.59 single ring aromatic compounds, mg/hp-hr 0.35 -1.18 1.20 1.25 0.81 0.14 0.69 -0.21 0.76 0.35 Total PAHs (mg/hp-hr) 0.55 -1.40 0.73 0.00 0.84 0.86 0.80 0.55 0.73 0.13 Total Nitro PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 0.44 -1.18 0.77 0.57 0.86 1.05 0.58 -0.44 0.66 0.19 Total oxygenated PAHs (μg/hp-hr) 6.25 0.95 5.96 0.76 3.76 -0.70 3.29 -1.01 4.82 1.51 Nitrosamines (μg/hp-hr) 32.54 -0.19 28.06 -0.55 52.89 1.46 25.82 -0.73 34.83 12.36 Total Ranking 0.77 1.58 1.58 -3.93REPORT 03.13062 

## APPENDIX B

ADDITIONAL ABBREVIATIONS LISTREPORT 03.13062 

### B-1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

NAPHTH Naphthalene NAPHTHU Naphthalene uncertainty QUINOLINE Quinoline QUINOLINEU Quinoline uncertainty MNAPH2 2-methylnaphthalene MNAPH2U 2-Methylnaphthalene uncertainty MNAPH1 1-Methylnaphthalene MNAPH1U 1-Methylnaphthalene uncertainty BIPHEN Biphenyl BIPHENU Biphenyl uncertainty ENAP12 1+2Ethylnaphthalene ENAP12U 1+2Ethylnaphthalene uncertainty M_2BPH 2-Methylbiphenyl M_2BPHU 2-Methylbiphenyl uncertainty DMN267 2,6+2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene DMN267U 2,6+2,7-Dimethylnaphthalene uncertainty DM1367 1,3+1,6+1,7-Dimethylnaphthalene DM1367U 1,3+1,6+1,7-Dimethylnaphth uncertainty D14523 1,4+1,5+2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene D14523U 1,4+1,5+2,3-Dimethylnaphth uncertainty ACNAPY Acenaphthylene ACNAPYU Acenaphthylene uncertainty DMN12 1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene DMN12U 1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene uncertainty DMN18 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene DMN18U 1,8-Dimethylnaphthalene uncertainty ACNAPE Acenaphthene ACNAPEU Acenaphthene uncertainty M_3BPH 3-Methylbiphenyl M_3BPHU 3-Methylbiphenyl uncertainty M_4BPH 4-Methylbiphenyl M_4BPHU 4-Methylbiphenyl uncertainty DBZFUR Dibenzofuran DBZFURU Dibenzofuran uncertainty EM_12N 1-ethyl-2-methylnaphthalene EM_12NU 1-ethyl-2-methyl naphthalene uncertainty TMI235N 2,3,5+I-trimethylnaphthalene TMI235NU 2,3,5+I-trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty BTMNAP B-Trimethylnaphthalene BTMNAPU B-Trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty ATMNAP A-Trimethylnaphthalene ATMNAPU A-Trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty CTMNAP C-Trimethylnaphthalene CTMNAPU C-Trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty EM_21N 2-Ethyl-1-methylnaphthalene EM_21NU 2-Ethyl-1-methylna phthalene uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-2 ETMNAP E-Trimethylnaphthalene ETMNAPU E-Trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty TM245N 2,4,5-Trimethylnaphthalene TM245NU 2,4,5-Trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty FTMNAP F-Trimethylnaphthalene FTMNAPU F-Trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty FLUORE Fluorene FLUOREU Fluorene uncertainty TM145N 1,4,5-Trimethylnaphthalene TM145NU 1,4,5-Trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty JTMNAP J-Trimethylnaphthalene JTMNAPU J-Trimethylnaphthalene uncertainty A_MFLUO A-Methylfluorene A_MFLUOU A-Methylfluorene uncertainty B_MFLUO B-Methylfluorene B_MFLUOU B-Methylfluorene uncertainty M_1FLUO 1-Methylfluorene M_1FLUOU 1-Methylfluorene uncertainty DBTH Dibenzothiophene DBTHU Dibenzothiophene uncertainty PHENAN Phenanthrene PHENANU Phenanthrene uncertainty ANTHRA Anthracene ANTHRAU Anthracene uncertainty ACQUONE Acenaphthenequinone ACQUONEU Acenaphthenequinone uncertainty M_2PHEN 3-Methylphenanthrene M_2PHENU 3-Methylphenanthrene uncertainty M_3PHEN 2-Methylphenanthrene M_3PHENU 2-Methylphenanthrene uncertainty M_2ANTH 2-Methylanthracene M_2ANTHU 2-Methylanthracene uncertainty M_45PHEN 4,5-Methylenephenanthrene M_45PHENU 4,5-Methylenephenanthrene uncertainty M_9PHEN 9-Methylphenanthrene M_9PHENU 9-Methylphenanthrene uncertainty MPHT_1 1-Methylphenanthrene MPHT_1U 1-Methylphenanthrene uncertainty DBPHT Dibutyl phthalate DBPHTU Dibutyl phthalate uncertainty ANTHRON Anthrone ANTHRONU Anthrone uncertainty M_9ANT 9-Methylanthracene M_9ANTU 9-Methylanthracene uncertainty NAP2PHEN 2-Phenylnaphthalene NAP2PHENU 2-Phenylnaphthalene uncertainty A_DMPH A-Dimethylphenanthrene A_DMPHU A-Dimethylphenanthrene uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-3 B_DMPH B-Dimethylphenanthrene B_DMPHU B-Dimethylphenanthrene uncertainty DM17PH 1,7-Dimethylphenanthrene DM17PHU 1,7-Dimethylphenanthrene uncertainty DM36PH 3,6-Dimethylphenanthrene DM36PHU 3,6-Dimethylphenanthrene uncertainty D_DMPH D-Dimethylphenanthrene D_DMPHU D-Dimethylphenanthrene uncertainty E_DMPH E-Dimethylphenanthrene E_DMPHU E-Dimethylphenanthrene uncertainty C_DMPH C-Dimethylphenanthrene C_DMPHU C-Dimethylphenanthrene uncertainty FLUORA Fluoranthene FLUORAU Fluoranthene uncertainty PYRENE Pyrene PYRENEU Pyrene uncertainty RETENE Retene RETENEU Retene uncertainty BAFLUO Benzo(a)fluorene BAFLUOU Benzo(a)fl uorene uncertainty BBFLUO Benzo(b)fluorene BBFLUOU Benzo(b)fl uorene uncertainty BMPYFL B-MePy/MeFl BMPYFLU B-MePy/MeFl uncertainty C1MFLPY 1-MeFl+C-MeFl/Py C1MFLPYU 1-MeFl+C-MeFl/Py uncertainty M_13FL 1+3-methylfluoranthene M_13FLU 1+3-methylfluoranthene uncertainty M_4PYR 4-methylpyrene M_4PYRU 4-methylpyrene uncertainty CMPYFL C-MePy/MeFl CMPYFLU C-MePy/MeFl uncertainty DMPYFL D-MePy/MeFl DMPYFLU D-MePy/MeFl uncertainty M_1PYR 1-Methylpyrene M_1PYRU 1-Methylpyrene uncertainty BNTIOP Benzonaphthothiophene BNTIOPU Benzonaphthothiophene uncertainty BZCPHEN Benzo(c)phenanthrene BZCPHENU Benzo(c)phenanthrene uncertainty BGHIFL Benzo(ghi)fluoranthene BGHIFLU Benzo(ghi)fluoranthene uncertainty PHANT9 9-Phenylanthracene PHANT9U 9-Phenylanthracene uncertainty CP_CDPYR Cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene CP_CDPYRU Cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene uncertainty BAANTH Benz(a)anthracene BAANTHU Benz(a)anthracene uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-4 CHR_TR Chrysene-Triphenylene CHR_TRU Chrysene-Triphenylene uncertainty B2EPHT Bis[2-ethylhexyl]phthalate B2EPHTU Bis[2-ethylhexyl ]phthalate uncertainty M_3CHR 3-Methylchrysene M_3CHRU 3-Methylchrysene uncertainty CHRY56M 5+6-Methylchrysene CHRY56MU 5+6-Methylchrysene uncertainty M_7BAA 7-Methylbenz(a)anthracene M_7BAAU 7-Methylbenz(a)anthracene uncertainty DMBAN712 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene DMBAN712U 7,12-Dimethylbenz (a)anthracene uncertainty BBJKFL Benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthene BBJKFLU Benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthene uncertainty BAFL Benzo(a)fluoranthene BAFLU Benzo(a)fluoranthene uncertainty BEPYRN Benzo(e)pyrene BEPYRNU Benzo(e)pyrene uncertainty BAPYRN Benzo(a)pyrene BAPYRNU Benzo(a)pyrene uncertainty PERYLE Perylene PERYLEU Perylene uncertainty MCHOL3 3-Methylcholanthrene MCHOL3U 3-Methylcholanthrene uncertainty M_7BPY 7-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene M_7BPYU 7-Methylbenzo( a)pyrene uncertainty INCDFL Indeno[123-cd]fluoranthene INCDFLU Indeno[123-cd]fluoranthene uncertainty DBAHACR Dibenz(a,h)acridine DBAHACRU Dibenz(a,h)acridine uncertainty DBAJACR Dibenz(a,j)acridine DBAJACRU Dibenz(a,j)acridine uncertainty IN123PYR Indeno[123-cd]pyrene IN123PYRU Indeno[123-cd]pyrene uncertainty DBAJAN Dibenzo(a,j)anthracene DBAJANU Dibenzo(a,j)anthracene uncertainty DBAHACAN Dibenzo(ah+ac)anthracene DBAHACANU Dibenzo(ah+ac)anthracene uncertainty BBCHR Benzo(b)chrysene BBCHRU Benzo(b)chrysene uncertainty PIC Picene PICU Picene uncertainty DBCGCAR 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole DBCGCARU 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole uncertainty BGHIPE Benzo(ghi)perylene BGHIPEU Benzo(ghi)perylene uncertainty ANTHAN Anthanthrene ANTHANU Anthanthrene uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-5 DBALPYR Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene DBALPYRU Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene uncertainty DBAEPYR Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene DBAEPYRU Dibenzo(a, e)pyrene uncertainty CORONE Coronene CORONEU Coronene uncertainty DBAIPYR Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene DBAIPYRU Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene uncertainty DBAHPYR Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene DBAHPYRU Dibenzo(a, h)pyrene uncertainty DBBKFL Dibenzo( b,k)fluoranthene DBBKFLU Dibenzo(b,k)fl uoranthene uncertainty

Oxygenated PAHs

FL9ONE 9-Fluorenone FL9ONEU 9-Fluorenone uncertainty XANONE Xanthone XANONEU Xanthone uncertainty PNAPONE Perinaphthenone PNAPONEU Perinaphthenone uncertainty ANTHRON Anthrone ANTHRONU Anthrone uncertainty ANRQUONE Anthraquinone ANRQUONEU Anthraquinone uncertainty ANTAL9 9-Anthraaldehyde ANTAL9U 9-Anthraaldehyde uncertainty BZANTHR Benzanthrone BZANTHRU Benzanthrone uncertainty BAA7_12 Benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione BAA7_12U Benz(a)anthracene-7,12-dione uncertainty BPY910DIH 9,10-dihydrobenz o(a)pyrene-7(8H)-one BPY910DIHU 9,10-dihydrobenzo(a)py rene-7(8H)-one uncertainty

Nitrogenated PAHs

NI4PHOL 4-Nitrophenol NI4PHOLU 4-Nitrophenol uncertainty NI1NAPTH 1-Nitronaphthalene NI1NAPTHU 1-Nitronaphthalene uncertainty NI1ME5N 1-Methyl-5-nitronaphthalene NI1ME5NU 1-Methyl-5-nitronaphthalene uncertainty NI2NAPTH 2-Nitronaphthalene NI2NAPTHU 2-Nitronaphthalene uncertainty NI2BIPH 2-Nitrobiphenyl NI2BIPHU 2-Nitrobiphenyl uncertainty NI4ME2N 2-Methyl-4-nitronaphthalene NI4ME2NU 2-Methyl-4-nitronaphthalene uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-6 NI4ME1N 1-Methyl-4-nitronaphthalene NI4ME1NU 1-Methyl-4-nitronaphthalene uncertainty MXNIYNAP x-Methyl-y-nitronaphthalene MXNIYNAPU x-Methyl-y-nitronaphthalene uncertainty NI6ME1N 1-Methyl-6-nitronaphthalene NI6ME1NU 1-Methyl-6-nitronaphthalene uncertainty NI3BIPH 3-Nitrobiphenyl NI3BIPHU 3-Nitrobiphenyl uncertainty NI4BPH 4-Nitrobiphenyl NI4BPHU 4-Nitrobiphenyl uncertainty NI13NAP 1,3-Dini tronaphthalene NI13NAPU 1,3-Dinitrona phthalene uncertainty NI15NAP 1,5-Dini tronaphthalene NI15NAPU 1,5-Dinitrona phthalene uncertainty NI5ACEN 5-Nitroacenaphthene NI5ACENU 5-Nitroacena phthene uncertainty NI2FLUO 2-Nitrofluorene NI2FLUOU 2-Nitrofluorene uncertainty NI4PHEN 4-Nitrophenanthrene NI4PHENU 4-Nitrophenanthrene uncertainty NI9ANTHR 9-Nitroanthracene NI9ANTHRU 9-Nitroanthracene uncertainty NI9PHEN 9-Nitrophenanthrene NI9PHENU 9-Nitrophenanthrene uncertainty NI18NAP 1,8-Dini tronaphthalene NI18NAPU 1,8-Dinitrona phthalene uncertainty NI3PHEN 3-Nitrophenanthrene NI3PHENU 3-Nitrophenanthrene uncertainty NI2PHEN 2-Nitrophenanthrene NI2PHENU 2-Nitrophenanthrene uncertainty NI2ANTHR 2-Nitroanthracene NI2ANTHRU 2-Nitroanthracene uncertainty NI1FLUOR 1-Nitrofluoranthene NI1FLUORU 1-Nitrofl uoranthene uncertainty NI7FLUOR 7-Nitrofluoranthene NI7FLUORU 7-Nitrofl uoranthene uncertainty NI2FLUOR 2-Nitrofluoranthene NI2FLUORU 2-Nitrofl uoranthene uncertainty NI3FLUOR 3-Nitrofluoranthene NI3FLUORU 3-Nitrofl uoranthene uncertainty NI4PYRE 4-Nitropyrene NI4PYREU 4-Nitropy rene uncertainty NI8FLUOR 8-Nitrofluoranthene NI8FLUORU 8-Nitrofl uoranthene uncertainty NI1PYRE 1-Nitropyrene NI1PYREU 1-Nitropy rene uncertainty NI2PYRE 2-Nitropyrene NI2PYREU 2-Nitropy rene uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-7 NI27FLUO 2,7-Dinitrofluorene NI27FLUOU 2,7-Dinitrofluorene uncertainty NI27FL9ON 2,7-Dinitrofluoren-9-one NI27FL9ONU 2,7-Dinitrofluoren-9-one uncertainty NI7BZANTH 7-Nitrobenz(a)anthracene NI7BZANTHU 7-Nitrobenz(a )anthracene uncertainty NI6CHRY 6-Nitrochrysene NI6CHRYU 6-Nitrochrysene uncertainty NI3BZANTH 3-Nitrobenzanthrone NI3BZANTHU 3-Nitrobenzanthrone uncertainty NI13PYR 1,3-Dinitropyrene NI13PYRU 1,3-Dinitropyrene uncertainty DNIFLUORA A-Dinitrofluoranthene DNIFLUORAU A-Dinitrofluoranthene uncertainty NI16PYR 1,6-Dinitropyrene NI16PYRU 1,6-Dinitropyrene uncertainty NI18PYR 1,8-Dinitropyrene NI18PYRU 1,8-Dinitropyrene uncertainty DNIFLUORB B-Dinitrofluoranthene DNIFLUORBU B-Dinitrofluoranthene uncertainty DNIFLUORC C-Dinitrofluoranthene DNIFLUORCU C-Dinitrofluoranthene uncertainty NI6A3EBP 6a+3e-nitrobenzpyrene NI6A3EBPU a+3e-nitrobenzpyrene uncertainty NI1BEP 1-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene NI1BEPU 1-nitrobenzo[e]pyrene uncertainty

Polar Compounds

PHENOL Phenol PHENOLU Phenol uncertainty HEXAC Hexanoic acid (c6) HEXACU Hexanoic acid (c6) uncertainty OCRESOL o-Cresol OCRESOLU o-Cresol uncertainty MCRESOL m-Cresol MCRESOLU m-Cresol uncertainty PCRESOL p-Cresol PCRESOLU p-Cresol uncertainty HEPTAC Heptanoic acid (c7) HEPTACU Heptanoic acid (c7) uncertainty ANILINE Aniline ANILINEU Aniline uncertainty BENAC Benzoic acid BENACU Benzoic acid uncertainty OCTANAC Octanoic acid (c8) OCTANACU Octanoic acid (c8) uncertainty OTOLUIC o-ToluicREPORT 03.13062 

### B-8 OTOLUICU o-Toluic uncertainty MTOLUIC m-Toluic MTOLUICU m-Toluic uncertainty NONAC Nonanoic acid (c9) NONACU Nonanoic acid (c9) uncertainty PTOLUIC p-Toluic PTOLUICU p-Toluic uncertainty DECAC Decanoic acid (c10) DECACU Decanoic acid (c10) uncertainty UNDECAC Undecanoic acid (c11) UNDECACU Undecanoic acid (c11) uncertainty LAUAC Dodecanoic (lauric) acid (c12) LAUACU Dodecanoic (lauri c) acid (c12) uncertainty TDECAC Tridecanoic acid (c13) TDECACU Tridecanoic acid (c13) uncertainty MYRAC Myristic acid (c14) MYRACU Myristic acid (c14) uncertainty PDECAC Pentadecanoic acid (c15) PDECACU Pentadecanoic acid (c15) uncertainty PALAC Palmitic acid (c16) PALACU Palmitic acid (c16) uncertainty HEPTADAC Heptadecanoic acid (c17) HEPTADACU Heptadecanoic acid (c17) uncertainty OLAC Oleic acid OLACU Oleic acid uncertainty STEAC Stearic acid (c18) STEACU Stearic acid (c18) uncertainty NDECAC Nonadecanoic acid (c19) NDECACU Nonadecanoic acid (c19) uncertainty ECOSAC Eicosanoic acid (c20) ECOSACU Eicosanoic acid (c20) uncertainty OCTDECDI Octadecanedioic acid OCTDECDIU Octadecanedioic acid uncertainty

Alkanes

NORFARN Norfarnesane NORFARNU Norfarnesane uncertainty DODEC Dodecane DODECU Dodecane uncertainty TRIDEC Tridecane TRIDECU Tridecane uncertainty HPYCYHX Heptylcyclohexane HPYCYHXU Heptylcyclohexane uncertainty FARNES Farnesane FARNESU Farnesane uncertainty TDEC Tetradecane TDECU Tetradecane uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-9 OCYCYHX Octylcyclohexane OCYCYHXU Octylcyclohexane uncertainty PENTAD Pentadecane PENTADU Pentadecane uncertainty NOYCYHX Nonylcyclohexane NOYCYHXU Nonylcyclohexane uncertainty HEXAD Hexadecane HEXADU Hexadecane uncertainty NORPRST Norpristane NORPRSTU Norpristane uncertainty DECYHX Decylcyclohexane DECYHXU Decylcyclohexane uncertainty HEPTAD Heptadecane HEPTADU Heptadecane uncertainty HEPTDPRIS Heptadecane_Pristane HEPTDPRISU Heptadecane_Pristane uncertainty DEC1YHX Undecylcyclohexane DEC1YHXU Undecylcyclohexane uncertainty OCTAD Octadecane OCTADU Octadecane uncertainty PHYTAN Phytane PHYTANU Phytane uncertainty DEC2YHX Dodecylcyclohexane DEC2YHXU Dodecylcyclohexane uncertainty NONAD Nonadecane NONADU Nonadecane uncertainty DEC3YHX Tridecylcyclohexane DEC3YHXU Tridecylcyc lohexane uncertainty EICOSA Eicosane EICOSAU Eicosane uncertainty DEC4YHX Tetradecylcyclohexane DEC4YHXU Tetradecylcyclohexane uncertainty HENEIC Heneicosane HENEICU Heneicosane uncertainty DEC5YHX Pentadecylcyclohexane DEC5YHXU Pentadecylcyclohexane uncertainty DOCOSA Docosane DOCOSAU Docosane uncertainty DEC6YHX Hexadecylcyclohexane DEC6YHXU Hexadecylcyclohexane uncertainty TRICOSA Tricosane TRICOSAU Tricosane uncertainty DEC7YHX Heptadecylcyclohexane DEC7YHXU Heptadecylcyclohexane uncertainty TETCOS Tetracosane TETCOSU Tetracosane uncertainty DEC8YHX Octadecylcyclohexane DEC8YHXU Octadecylcyclohexane uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-10 PENCOS Pentacosane PENCOSU Pentacosane uncertainty HEXCOS Hexacosane HEXCOSU Hexacosane uncertainty DEC9YHX Nonadecylcyclohexane DEC9YHXU Nonadecylcyclohexane uncertainty HEPCOS Heptacosane HEPCOSU Heptacosane uncertainty CYHXEIC Eicosylcyclohexane CYHXEICU Eicosylcyclohexane uncertainty OCTCOS Octacosane OCTCOSU Octacosane uncertainty NONCOS Nonacosane NONCOSU Nonacosane uncertainty CYHXHEN Heneicosylcyclohexane CYHXHENU Heneicosylcyclohexane uncertainty TRICONT Triacontane TRICONTU Triacontane uncertainty HTRICONT Hentriacontane HTRICONTU Hentriacontane uncertainty DTRICONT Dotriacontane DTRICONTU Dotriacontane uncertainty TTRICONT Tritriacontane TTRICONTU Tritriacontane uncertainty TETRICONT Tetratriacontane TETRICONTU Tetratriacontane uncertainty PTRICONT Pentatriacontane PTRICONTU Pentatriacontane uncertainty HXTRICONT Hexatriacontane HXTRICONTU Hexatriacontane uncertainty HPTRICONT Heptatriacontane HPTRICONTU Heptatriacontane uncertainty OTRICONT Octatriacontane OTRICONTU Octatriacontane uncertainty NTRICONT Nonatriacontane NTRICONTU Nonatriacontane uncertainty TECONT Tetracontane TECONTU Tetracontane uncertainty

Hopanes and Steranes

HOP13 18 α (H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane HOP13U 18 α (H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane uncertainty HOP14 17 α (H),18 α (H),21 β (H)-25,28,30-Trisnorhopane HOP14U 17 α (H),18 α (H),21 β (H)-25,28,30-Trisnorhopane uncertainty HOP15 17 α (H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane HOP15U 17 α (H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-11 HOP16 17 α (H),18 α (H),21ß(H)-28,30-Bisnorhopane HOP16U 17 α (H),18 α (H),21ß(H)-28,30-Bisnorhopane uncertainty HOP17 17 α (H),21 β (H)-29-Norhopane HOP17U 17 α (H),21 β (H)-29-Norhopane uncertainty HOP18 18 α (H)- 29-Norneohopane HOP18U 18 α (H)- 29-Norneohopane uncertainty HOP19 17 α (H),21 β (H)-Hopane HOP19U 17 α (H),21 β (H)-Hopane uncertainty HOP20 17 β (H),21 α (H)-Hopane HOP20U 17 β (H),21 α (H)-Hopane uncertainty HOP21 22S-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30-Homohopane HOP21U 22S-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30-Homohopane uncertainty HOP22 22R-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30-Homohopane HOP22U 22R-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30-Homohopane uncertainty HOP23 17 β (H),21 β (H)-Hopane HOP23U 17 β (H)),21 β (H)-Hopane uncertainty HOP24 22S-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30,31-Bishomohopane HOP24U 22S-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30,31-Bishomohopane uncertainty HOP25 22R-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30,31-Bishomohopane HOP25U 22R-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30,31-Bishomohopane uncertainty HOP26 22S-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30,31,32-Trisomohopane HOP26U 22S-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30,31,32-Trisomohopane uncertainty HOP27 22R-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30,31,32-Trishomohopane HOP27U 22R-17 α (H),21 β (H)-30,31,32-Trishomohopane uncertainty STER35 20S-13ß(H),17 α (H)-Diacholestane STER35U 20S-13ß(H),17 α (H)-Diacholestane uncertainty STER36 20R-13ß(H),17 α (H)-Diacholestane STER36U 20R-13ß(H),17 α (H)-Diacholestane uncertainty STER37 20S-13 α (H),17ß(H)-Diacholestane STER37U 20S-13 α (H),17ß(H)-Diacholes tane uncertainty STER38 20R-13 α (H),17ß(H)-Diacholestane STER38U 20R-13 α (H),17ß(H)-Diacholestane uncertainty STER39 20S-13ß(H),17 α (H)-Diaergostane STER39U 20S-13ß(H),17 α (H)-Diaergostane uncertainty STER42 20S5 α (H),14 α (H)-Cholestane STER42U 20S5 α (H),14 α (H)-Cholestane uncertainty STER43 20R5 α (H),14 β (H)-Cholestane STER43U 20R5 α (H),14 β (H)-Cholestane uncertainty STER44 20S5 α (H),14 β (H),17 β (H)-Cholestane STER44U 20S5 α (H),14 β (H),17 β (H)-Cholestane uncertainty STER45_40 20R-5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Cholestane & 20S-13ß(H),17 α (H)- diastigmastane STER45_40U 20R-5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Cholestane & 20S-13ß(H),17 α (H)- diastigmastane uncertainty STER46 20S5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Ergostane STER46U 20S5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Ergostane uncertainty STER47 20R5 α (H),14 β (H),17 β (H)-Ergostane STER47U 20R5 α (H),14 β (H),17 β (H)-Ergostane uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-12 STER48_41 20S-5 α (H),14ß(H),17ß(H)-Ergostane&20R-13 α (H),17ß(H) diastigmastane STER48_41U 20S-5 α (H),14ß(H),17ß(H)-Ergostane & 20R-13 α (H),17ß(H)- diastigmastane uncertainty STER49 20R5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Ergostane STER49U 20R5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Ergostane uncertainty STER50 20S5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Stigmastane STER50U 20S5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Stigmastane uncertainty STER51 20R5 α (H),14 β (H),17 β (H)-Stigmastane STER51U 20R5 α (H),14 β (H),17 β (H)-Stigmastane uncertainty STER52 20S5 α (H),14 β (H),17 β (H)-Stigmastane STER52U 20S5 α (H),14 β (H),17 β (H)-Stigmastane uncertainty STER53 20R5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Stigmastane STER53U 20R5 α (H),14 α (H),17 α (H)-Stigmastane uncertainty

Nitrosamines

NDMA N-nitrosodi-N-methylamine NDMAU N-nitrosodi-N-methylamine uncertainty NDEA N-nitrosodi-N-ethylamine NDEAU N-nitrosodi-N-ethylamine uncertainty NDPA N-nitrosodi-N-propylamine NDPAU N-nitrosodi-N-propylamine uncertainty NNMUR N-nitroso-N-methylurea NNMURU N-nitroso-N-methylurea uncertainty NDBA N-nitrosodi-N-butylamine NDBAU N-nitrosodi-N-butylamine uncertainty NPPD N-nitrosopiperidine NPPDU N-nitrosopiperidine uncertainty NPYR N-nitrosopyrrolidine NPYRU N-nitrosopyrrolidine uncertainty NMRP N-nitrosomorpholine NMRPU N-nitrosomorpholine uncertainty

Metals and Elements

NAXC Sodium concentration (μg/filter) (qualitative only) NAXU Sodium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty MGXC Magnesium concentration (μg/filter) (qualitative only) MGXU Magnesium concentrat ion (μg/filter) uncertainty ALXC Aluminum concentration (μg/filter) ALXU Aluminum concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty SIXC Silicon concentration (μg/filter) SIXU Silicon concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty PHXC Phosphorous concentration (μg/filter) PHXU Phosphorous concentra tion (μg/filter ) uncertainty SUXC Sulfur concentration (μg/filter) SUXU Sulfur concentration (μg/filter) uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-13 CLXC Chlorine concentration (μg/filter) CLXU Chlorine concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty KPXC Potassium concentration (μg/filter) KPXU Potassium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty CAXC Calcium concentration (μg/filter) CAXU Calcium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty SCXC Scandium concentration (μg/filter) SCXU Scandium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty TIXC Titanium concentration (μg/filter) TIXU Titanium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty VAXC Vanadium concentration (μg/filter) VAXU Vanadium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty CRXC Chromium concentration (μg/filter) CRXU Chromium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty MNXC Manganese concentration (μg/filter) MNXU Manganese concentrat ion (μg/filter) uncertainty FEXC Iron concentration (μg/filter) FEXU Iron concentrati on (μg/filter) uncertainty COXC Cobalt concentration (μg/filter) COXU Cobalt concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty NIXC Nickel concentration (μg/filter) NIXU Nickel concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty CUXC Copper concentration (μg/filter) CUXU Copper concentrati on (μg/filter) uncertainty ZNXC Zinc concentration (μg/filter) ZNXU Zinc concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty GAXC Gallium concentration (μg/filter) GAXU Gallium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty ASXC Arsenic concentration (μg/filter) ASXU Arsenic concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty SEXC Selenium concentration (μg/filter) SEXU Selenium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty BRXC Bromine concentration (μg/filter) BRXU Bromine concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty RBXC Rubidium concentration (μg/filter) RBXU Rubidium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty SRXC Strontium concentration (μg/filter) SRXU Strontium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty YTXC Yttrium concentration (μg/filter) YTXU Yttrium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty ZRXC Zirconium concentration (μg/filter) ZRXU Zirconium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty NBXC Niobium concentration (μg/filter) NBXU Niobium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty MOXC Molybdenum concentration (μg/filter) MOXU Molybdenum concentr ation (μg/filter) uncertainty PDXC Palladium concentration (μg/filter) PDXU Palladium concentration (μg/filter) uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

### B-14 AGXC Silver concentration (μg/filter) AGXU Silver concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty CDXC Cadmium concentration (μg/filter) CDXU Cadmium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty INXC Indium concentration (μg/filter) INXU Indium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty SNXC Tin concentration (μg/filter) SNXU Tin concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty SBXC Antimony concentration (μg/filter) SBXU Antimony concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty CSXC Cesium concentration (μg/filter) CSXU Cesium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty BAXC Barium concentration (μg/filter) BAXU Barium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty LAXC Lanthanum concentration (μg/filter) LAXU Lanthanum concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty CEXC Cerium concentration (μg/filter) CEXU Cerium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty SMXC Samarium concentration (μg/filter) SMXU Samarium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty EUXC Europium concentration (μg/filter) EUXU Europium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty TBXC Terbium concentration (μg/filter) TBXU Terbium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty HFXC Hafnium concentration (μg/filter) HFXU Hafnium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty TAXC Tantalum concentration (μg/filter) TAXU Tantalum concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty WOXC Tungsten concentration (μg/filter) WOXU Tungsten concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty IRXC Iridium concentration (μg/filter) IRXU Iridium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty AUXC Gold concentration (μg/filter) AUXU Gold concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty HGXC Mercury concentration (μg/filter) HGXU Mercury concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty TLXC Thallium concentration (μg/filter) TLXU Thallium concentration (μg/filter) uncertainty PBXC Lead concentration (μg/filter) PBXU Lead concentrati on (μg/filter) uncertainty URXC Uranium concentration (μg/filter) URXU Uranium concentration (μg/filter) uncertaintyREPORT 03.13062 

## APPENDIX C

PAH, HOPANES, AND STERANES MASS CONCEN TRATION IN FUEL AND LUBE OILREPORT 03.13062 

### C-1 TABLE C-1. FUEL AND LUBE OIL PAH

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuel

μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g naphth 0.00 0.13 1.66 0.00 12.14 291.86 naphthu 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.65 15.84 quinoline 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.08 quinolineu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 5.26

mnaph2 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.16 20.06 1695.80 mnaph2u 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.96 80.81 mnaph1 0.00 0.17 0.12 0.04 7.96 1000.20 mnaph1u 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.42 52.76

biphen 0.00 0.56 0.12 0.00 0.69 548.93 biphenu 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 24.76 enap12 0.00 0.61 0.04 0.08 2.54 473.80 enap12u 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.34 64.94 m_2bph 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.36 13.94 m_2bphu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.56 dmn267 0.00 5.13 0.04 0.78 7.30 3403.16 dmn267u 0.04 0.28 0.04 0.05 0.41 184.80 dm1367 0.00 6.47 0.39 1.60 14.32 6299.48 dm1367u 0.04 0.34 0.04 0.09 0.75 334.84

d14523 0.00 0.91 0.04 0.47 3.45 2196.19 d14523u 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.22 127.01 acnapy 0.00 0.00 3.55 0.00 0.07 1.37 acnapyu 0.04 0.04 0.74 0.04 0.04 0.28 dmn12 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.16 1.05 439.35 dmn12u 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.11 51.75 dmn18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 dmn18u 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.16 acnape 0.19 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.04 10.31 acnapeu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.64 m_3bph 0.00 7.78 0.15 0.35 5.71 1044.48 m_3bphu 0.04 0.26 0.04 0.04 0.19 35.37 m_4bph 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 1.16 462.90 m_4bphu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 20.95

dbzfur 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.11 46.08 dbzfuru 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.64 bibenz 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.73 131.01 bibenzu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.11 16.22 em_12n 0.00 0.48 0.04 0.04 0.69 195.29 em_12nu 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.15 37.40 tmi235n 0.00 1.00 0.15 0.39 2.36 657.96 tmi235nu 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.13 34.89

btmnap 0.00 5.47 0.08 1.91 10.90 1293.11 btmnapu 0.04 0.51 0.04 0.17 1.05 122.41 atmnap 0.00 4.30 0.12 1.01 5.34 1373.16 atmnapu 0.04 0.23 0.04 0.08 0.28 74.99REPORT 03.13062 

### C-2 TABLE C-1 (CONT'D.) FUEL AND LUBE OIL PAH

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuel

μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g ctmnap 0.00 5.39 0.08 2.30 10.32 1162.57 ctmnapu 0.04 0.25 0.04 0.11 0.45 51.13 em_21n 0.04 0.13 0.12 0.00 0.15 26.01 em_21nu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 3.77

etmnap 0.00 2.56 0.12 0.70 7.49 817.75 etmnapu 0.04 0.12 0.04 0.05 0.33 35.49 tm245n 0.00 0.17 0.12 0.16 0.22 150.42 tm245nu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 8.83

ftmnap 0.00 3.48 0.15 0.86 2.40 678.42 ftmnapu 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.05 0.14 33.85

fluore 0.00 0.78 0.46 0.12 0.87 79.43 fluoreu 0.04 0.18 0.12 0.04 0.18 15.50 tm145n 0.00 0.87 0.00 0.31 1.45 34.52 tm145nu 0.04 0.13 0.04 0.08 0.22 5.51

jtmnap 0.23 1.30 0.19 0.43 2.83 311.04 jtmnapu 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.04 0.27 29.42 a_mfluo 0.19 0.43 0.00 0.16 0.47 255.62 a_mfluou 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 22.92 b_mfluo 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.04 0.25 93.41 b_mfluou 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 11.26 m_1fluo 0.15 1.00 0.00 0.58 1.24 146.99 m_1fluou 0.04 0.13 0.04 0.08 0.19 21.65

fl9one 0.00 0.22 0.08 0.16 0.51 12.54 fl9oneu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.03

dbth 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.07 8.63 dbthu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.36 phenan 0.00 1.82 14.85 0.43 3.67 144.80 phenanu 0.04 0.11 0.79 0.04 0.19 7.71

anthra 0.00 0.17 0.08 0.16 0.76 22.77 anthrau 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.18 4.90 xanone 0.00 1.91 0.15 0.19 8.10 558.11 xanoneu 0.04 0.83 0.08 0.08 3.50 240.76 acquone 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.62 12.17 968.80 acquoneu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.74 58.20 m_2phen 0.00 1.74 0.50 1.01 8.69 222.59 m_2phenu 0.04 0.31 0.08 0.16 1.45 36.68 m_3phen 0.27 1.09 0.50 1.36 8.07 216.53 m_3phenu 0.08 0.22 0.12 0.24 1.48 40.10

pnapone 0.00 0.39 0.54 0.78 1.05 22.18 pnaponeu 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.15 2.94 m_2anth 0.08 0.09 0.00 0.12 0.18 2.15 m_2anthu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.47 m_45phen 0.00 0.43 4.63 0.23 1.05 1.17 m_45phenu 0.04 0.09 1.05 0.08 0.22 0.28REPORT 03.13062 

### C-3 TABLE C-1 (CONT'D.) FUEL AND LUBE OIL PAH

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuel

μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g m_9phen 0.38 0.52 0.58 1.09 2.98 82.44 m_9phenu 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.20 0.55 15.63

mpht_1 0.00 0.39 0.66 0.62 3.71 82.44 mpht_1u 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.45 9.95

dbpht 4.66 3.13 2.58 6.38 2.62 1.33 dbphtu 0.55 0.36 0.32 0.77 0.30 0.16 anthron 0.57 0.74 0.35 1.13 0.51 12.22 anthronu 0.15 0.18 0.08 0.27 0.11 2.88 m_9ant 0.00 0.13 0.12 0.35 0.18 4.02 m_9antu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.56 nap2phen 0.30 0.22 1.23 0.12 0.22 0.31 nap2phenu 0.04 0.04 0.16 0.04 0.04 0.04 anrquone 0.27 0.70 0.15 0.47 0.29 4.06 anrquoneu 0.08 0.13 0.04 0.12 0.07 0.83

a_dmph 0.42 1.04 0.19 1.13 6.80 169.09 a_dmphu 0.08 0.13 0.04 0.16 0.90 22.13 b_dmph 0.00 1.22 0.31 0.82 3.89 86.54 b_dmphu 0.04 0.22 0.08 0.16 0.67 15.19 dm17ph 1.29 0.83 0.89 0.47 5.63 114.22 dm17phu 0.16 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.65 12.84 dm36ph 0.27 0.26 0.12 0.16 2.76 120.55 dm36phu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.41 17.46 d_dmph 0.49 1.09 0.12 0.47 4.11 64.86 d_dmphu 0.15 0.31 0.04 0.16 1.17 18.52 e_dmph 0.42 0.39 0.15 0.43 3.53 71.97 e_dmphu 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.08 0.63 13.03 c_dmph 2.65 2.74 2.08 3.23 9.41 230.40 c_dmphu 0.46 0.44 0.35 0.56 1.59 38.69

fluora 0.00 0.43 24.65 0.93 0.29 0.74 fluorau 0.04 0.09 5.39 0.20 0.07 0.16 pyrene 1.02 1.91 46.17 1.17 4.18 142.89 pyreneu 0.16 0.31 7.26 0.20 0.67 22.50

antal9 0.72 0.96 0.89 3.42 2.22 30.34 antal9u 0.12 0.18 0.16 0.56 0.37 5.02 retene 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.31 0.15 0.62 reteneu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 bafluo 1.70 2.78 0.93 0.93 1.89 2.19 bafluou 0.46 0.74 0.23 0.24 0.51 0.59 bbfluo 0.19 0.52 0.62 1.63 0.33 0.20 bbfluou 0.08 0.13 0.16 0.43 0.11 0.08 bmpyfl 0.83 0.35 0.58 1.25 1.42 0.94 bmpyflu 0.15 0.09 0.12 0.24 0.26 0.16 c1mflpy 0.98 0.83 2.24 0.74 1.56 2.93 c1mflpyu 0.15 0.13 0.39 0.12 0.26 0.52REPORT 03.13062 

### C-4 TABLE C-1 (CONT'D.) FUEL AND LUBE OIL PAH

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuel

μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g m_13fl 0.57 0.61 0.62 1.28 1.02 1.37 m_13flu 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.39 0.29 0.39 m_4pyr 0.68 1.65 1.12 1.36 5.42 88.92 m_4pyru 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.28 4.57

cmpyfl 0.34 1.09 1.20 3.23 0.65 0.35 cmpyflu 0.11 0.31 0.35 0.94 0.18 0.12 dmpyfl 1.33 1.09 1.35 0.74 7.01 98.68 dmpyflu 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.12 1.04 14.48 m_1pyr 0.98 1.17 2.70 1.13 1.85 66.27 m_1pyru 0.19 0.22 0.51 0.24 0.37 12.84

bntiop 1.17 0.74 1.74 0.97 1.02 0.16 bntiopu 0.23 0.18 0.35 0.20 0.22 0.04 bzcphen 0.61 0.78 1.27 0.54 1.53 0.16 bzcphenu 0.23 0.31 0.46 0.20 0.55 0.08

bghifl 1.33 1.39 0.85 0.51 0.25 2.93 bghiflu 0.16 0.18 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.36 phant9 0.45 0.26 0.12 0.12 0.22 0.00 phant9u 0.11 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.04 cp_cdpyr 0.45 0.48 0.58 0.16 0.55 0.16 cp_cdpyru 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.04 0.11 0.04

baanth 0.00 0.39 3.90 0.27 0.29 0.23 baanthu 0.04 0.09 0.86 0.08 0.07 0.08

chr_tr 2.31 0.83 7.56 1.13 1.05 1.41 chr_tru 0.31 0.13 1.00 0.16 0.15 0.20 bzanthr 0.91 2.13 2.24 1.79 3.42 0.51 bzanthru 0.19 0.48 0.51 0.39 0.77 0.12

b2epht 3.94 5.17 1.23 4.05 7.78 2.42 b2ephtu 0.40 0.51 0.12 0.41 0.77 0.25 baa7_12 0.00 1.69 7.29 2.18 4.54 0.35 baa7_12u 0.04 0.44 1.79 0.55 1.10 0.08

m_3chr 0.19 0.22 0.31 0.23 0.33 0.27 m_3chru 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.04 chry56m 0.27 0.35 0.27 0.51 0.80 0.08 chry56mu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04

m_7baa 0.68 0.39 0.35 0.90 1.05 0.16 m_7baau 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.16 0.19 0.04 dmban712 0.34 1.35 0.35 0.51 0.80 0.39 dmban712u 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.04 bbjkfl 0.27 0.43 0.85 0.58 2.07 0.12 bbjkflu 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.23 0.04

bafl 0.00 0.13 0.08 0.08 0.15 0.00 baflu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 bepyrn 0.30 0.35 8.14 0.51 0.33 0.62 bepyrnu 0.11 0.13 2.71 0.16 0.11 0.20REPORT 03.13062 

### C-5 TABLE C-1 (CONT'D.) FUEL AND LUBE OIL PAH

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuel

μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g bapyrn 0.57 0.39 8.52 0.08 0.18 0.08 bapyrnu 0.04 0.05 0.68 0.04 0.04 0.04

peryle 0.11 0.17 2.43 0.31 0.40 0.08 peryleu 0.04 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.04 0.04 mchol3 0.00 0.52 0.23 0.54 0.29 0.12 mchol3u 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.07 0.04 m_7bpy 0.15 0.09 0.19 0.43 0.11 0.08 m_7bpyu 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.04 bpy910dih 0.23 0.30 0.54 0.19 0.62 0.00 bpy910dihu 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.04 0.15 0.04 incdfl 0.68 0.52 0.58 0.31 0.47 0.00 incdflu 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 dbahacr 0.38 1.00 0.27 0.39 0.62 0.00 dbahacru 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

dbajacr 0.19 1.04 0.42 0.31 0.36 0.00 dbajacru 0.08 0.26 0.12 0.08 0.11 0.04 in123pyr 0.30 1.35 0.69 0.39 0.44 0.00 in123pyru 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

dbajan 0.42 1.43 0.46 0.31 0.98 0.00 dbajanu 0.08 0.31 0.12 0.08 0.18 0.04 dbahacan 0.00 2.09 0.58 0.78 1.27 0.00 dbahacanu 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.04 bbchr 0.00 0.96 0.08 0.58 0.62 0.00 bbchru 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

pic 0.87 0.70 0.46 0.54 0.65 0.00 picu 0.23 0.22 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.04 dbcgcar 1.82 1.00 1.74 0.90 0.98 1.37 dbcgcaru 0.46 0.26 0.43 0.24 0.26 0.35

bghipe 0.64 0.39 28.08 0.93 0.44 0.04 bghipeu 0.12 0.09 5.44 0.20 0.07 0.04 anthan 0.00 0.39 0.58 0.35 0.25 0.00 anthanu 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 dbalpyr 0.19 0.22 0.69 0.47 0.29 0.00 dbalpyru 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 dbaepyr 0.19 0.13 0.19 0.00 0.18 0.04 dbaepyru 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.04

corone 0.00 0.13 7.56 0.23 0.15 0.04 coroneu 0.04 0.04 1.91 0.08 0.04 0.04 dbaipyr 0.27 0.04 0.19 0.00 0.18 0.00 dbaipyru 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 dbahpyr 0.00 0.22 0.31 0.00 0.15 0.00 dbahpyru 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

dbbkfl 0.23 0.13 0.81 0.43 0.22 0.00 dbbkflu 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04



### Sum PAH 42.72 115.35 215.07 76.31 279.66 29049.4 u is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### C-6 TABLE C-2. OIL AND FUEL HOPANES AND STERANES

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuel

μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g hop13 20.59 23.71 38.10 51.36 173.45 0.00 hop13u 2.44 2.81 4.52 6.10 20.59 0.00 hop14 2.15 2.44 5.00 3.68 87.94 0.00 hop14u 0.09 0.10 0.21 0.15 3.65 0.00 hop15 28.81 24.75 33.88 20.02 116.96 0.04 hop15u 1.72 1.48 2.02 1.20 10.17 0.00 hop16 5.91 4.21 5.63 5.29 6.96 0.00 hop16u 0.38 0.27 0.36 0.34 0.45 0.00 hop17 51.92 48.69 170.39 89.73 404.51 0.06 hop17u 2.18 2.05 7.16 3.77 17.00 0.00 hop18 4.80 2.01 1.63 4.84 0.00 0.00 hop18u 0.24 0.10 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 hop19 17.79 19.38 120.42 40.54 134.20 0.00 hop19u 1.11 1.21 7.51 2.53 8.37 0.00 hop20 2.91 1.26 8.13 3.26 20.29 0.00 hop20u 0.38 0.16 1.06 0.42 2.65 0.00 hop21 12.19 12.61 131.39 21.26 44.87 0.00 hop21u 0.77 0.79 8.26 1.34 2.82 0.00 hop22 8.21 13.05 128.54 21.16 61.06 0.00 hop22u 0.55 0.87 8.61 1.42 4.09 0.00 hop23 0.00 0.00 2.78 2.08 1.33 0.00 hop23u 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.00 hop24 5.86 10.43 111.78 12.90 33.16 0.00 hop24u 0.70 1.25 13.42 1.55 3.98 0.00 hop25 3.98 6.28 84.95 8.58 15.81 0.00 hop25u 0.47 0.74 9.99 1.01 1.86 0.00 hop26 2.79 5.23 108.96 10.25 16.86 0.00 hop26u 0.51 0.96 19.95 1.88 3.09 0.00 hop27 1.76 3.56 70.32 7.32 7.51 0.00 hop27u 0.09 0.17 3.40 0.35 0.36 0.00 sum hopanes 169.66 177.61 1021.89 302.27 1124.91 0.1 u is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### C-7 TABLE C-2 (CONT'D.) OIL AND FUEL HOPANES AND STERANES

Fresh Oil Engine A Engine B Engine C Engine D Fuel

μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g μ g/g
ster35 12.70 7.39 11.22 17.99 3.24 0.00 ster35u 0.36 0.21 0.32 0.52 0.09 0.00 ster36 6.91 3.94 9.70 12.13 6.52 0.00 ster36u 0.69 0.39 0.97 1.21 0.65 0.00 ster37 1.81 2.46 3.71 2.70 39.11 0.00 ster37u 0.13 0.17 0.26 0.19 2.75 0.00 ster38 4.30 2.48 3.51 5.67 32.59 0.00 ster38u 0.58 0.33 0.47 0.76 4.39 0.00 ster39 5.27 4.00 5.78 8.46 66.23 0.00 ster39u 0.51 0.38 0.56 0.81 6.36 0.00 ster42 10.86 9.53 10.29 10.33 25.28 0.00 ster42u 1.14 1.00 1.08 1.08 2.65 0.00 ster43 21.63 12.49 10.47 30.23 51.89 0.00 ster43u 0.91 0.53 0.44 1.27 2.18 0.00 ster44 12.63 7.38 21.04 18.11 39.79 0.00 ster44u 1.44 0.84 2.39 2.06 4.53 0.00 ster45_40 18.90 8.39 27.24 22.60 27.22 0.00 ster45_40u 0.55 0.24 0.79 0.66 0.79 0.00 ster46 5.34 8.65 5.09 7.53 55.87 0.00 ster46u 0.35 0.57 0.33 0.49 3.66 0.00 ster47 4.42 6.32 11.41 11.45 42.08 0.00 ster47u 0.38 0.54 0.98 0.98 3.61 0.00 ster48_41 10.90 8.62 11.97 29.67 16.90 0.00 ster48_41u 1.09 0.87 1.20 2.98 1.70 0.00 ster49 4.51 0.18 9.49 7.07 58.03 0.00 ster49u 1.23 0.05 2.60 1.93 15.87 0.00 ster50 4.27 4.32 7.39 5.80 22.13 0.00 ster50u 0.37 0.37 0.64 0.50 1.92 0.00 ster51 10.64 8.55 27.93 19.63 64.91 0.00 ster51u 1.68 1.35 4.40 3.09 10.22 0.00 ster52 7.93 5.73 22.87 13.40 88.23 0.00 ster52u 1.04 0.75 3.01 1.76 11.60 0.00 ster53 3.75 9.02 17.00 12.11 4.99 0.00
ster53u 0.50 1.21 2.28 1.62 0.67 0.00

sum steranes 146.77 109.45 216.13 234.89 645.02 0 u is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

## APPENDIX D

METALS AND ELEMENTS EMISSIONS IN μG/HP-HRREPORT 03.13062 

### D-1TABLE D-1. ENGINE A METALS AND ELEMENTSFTP-w-1 FTP-w-2 FTP-w-3 FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2 FTP-wo-3 CARBx-1CARBx-2 CARBz-1 CARBz-1 16-Hour-116-Hour-2 16-Hour-3 TB-1 TB-2 TB-3TB-4μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrNAXC 0.00 0.00 128.82 88.89 53.67 42.58 0.00 0.00 75.29 32.57 32.70 22.99 28.29 0.00 0.00 457.06 0.00NAXU 509.87 509.87 528.00 437.25 386.22 386.60 1481.69 1498.13 146.39 123.70 7.71 6.19 6.18 1623.90 450.86 469.12 456.30MGXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.82 2.39 0.76 811.76 0.00 0.00 0.00MGXU 273.91 272.67 280.23 231.18 204.20 204.98 789.05 796.40 76.93 65.32 3.77 3.07 2.99 341.67 244.97 245.27 244.18ALXC 28.53 0.00 0.00 20.79 0.00 21.40 0.00 176.77 13.23 7.03 2.34 1.64 3.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.43ALXU 45.25 44.91 46.24 38.32 33.68 33.94 130.79 133.12 12.84 10.83 0.63 0.51 0.51 576.38 40.22 40.22 40.47SIXC 44.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 58.04 0.00 51.99 0.00 3.83 2.40 0.45 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SIXU 50.73 50.34 51.51 42.68 37.75 38.26 145.68 148.17 14.20 12.14 0.70 0.56 0.56 3206.69 45.08 45.08 45.08PHXC 0.00 9.45 8.76 1.31 0.00 0.00 13.40 34.07 37.38 73.08 18.45 15.27 14.34 55.30 1.38 21.41 80.23PHXU 14.43 14.74 15.08 12.22 10.80 10.82 41.70 43.10 4.24 3.75 0.27 0.23 0.22 13.03 12.90 13.20 13.20SUXC 0.00 106.86 0.00 77.99 88.65 71.68 242.08 386.78 846.94 1710.74 383.70 302.24 280.54 0.00 52.54 51.37 1844.69SUXU 40.29 40.56 41.17 34.39 30.62 30.46 117.38 119.44 15.35 18.50 2.74 2.17 2.03 36.03 36.32 36.32 44.45CLXC 0.00 1.78 0.00 5.24 3.65 5.27 2.57 130.66 0.00 0.01 0.19 0.23 0.17 0.00 8.67 0.00 0.00CLXU 9.93 9.92 10.15 8.41 7.44 7.45 28.70 29.00 2.80 2.38 0.14 0.11 0.11 10.56 8.88 8.88 8.88KPXC 10.96 2.62 4.45 0.00 4.24 2.95 0.00 158.71 0.12 1.67 0.82 0.36 0.61 213.76 1.17 0.00 5.49KPXU 9.28 9.26 9.48 7.85 6.95 6.96 26.81 27.09 2.61 2.22 0.13 0.10 0.10 360.48 8.30 8.30 8.30CAXC 34.01 12.49 17.28 0.00 0.84 7.10 79.20 188.94 10.94 14.11 13.81 11.29 12.73 1894.51 2.93 2.56 91.96CAXU 11.15 11.13 11.39 9.44 8.35 8.36 32.22 32.56 3.14 2.67 0.17 0.14 0.14 356.63 9.97 9.97 10.26SCXC 1.97 0.00 6.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.14 0.06 7.46 0.00 0.00 0.00SCXU 36.59 36.54 37.39 30.98 27.40 27.44 105.74 106.85 10.31 8.75 0.50 0.41 0.40 33.85 32.72 32.72 32.72TIXC 2.62 8.28 0.00 0.00 3.61 0.32 0.00 12.72 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.33 68.21 0.00 0.38 1.17TIXU 6.84 6.83 6.99 5.79 5.12 5.13 19.77 19.98 1.93 1.64 0.09 0.08 0.07 41.06 6.12 6.12 6.12VAXC 2.20 0.00 0.00 1.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 3.14 0.00 0.38VAXU 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.52 0.46 0.46 1.76 1.78 0.17 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.01 4.44 0.54 0.54 0.54CRXC 0.66 0.00 5.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.35 1.29 1.00 0.37 0.24 1.28 0.00 0.00 0.59 31.97CRXU 6.23 6.22 6.37 5.28 4.67 4.67 18.01 18.20 1.76 1.49 0.09 0.07 0.07 5.57 5.57 5.57 5.57MNXC 0.47 5.71 0.00 5.59 0.00 0.00 29.24 0.00 2.48 1.37 0.19 0.11 0.23 78.05 0.00 0.00 0.00MNXU 13.07 13.05 13.36 11.07 9.79 9.80 37.77 38.17 3.68 3.13 0.18 0.15 0.14 14.12 11.69 11.69 11.69FEXC 17.52 37.24 19.29 13.37 12.49 13.14 87.46 240.80 16.92 13.01 12.07 9.46 15.42 289.80 0.00 2.35 203.91FEXU 16.77 16.75 17.14 14.20 12.56 12.58 48.47 49.80 4.80 4.08 0.25 0.20 0.21 56.56 15.00 15.00 15.25COXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00COXU 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.52 0.46 0.46 1.76 1.78 0.17 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54NIXC 0.00 2.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.41 17.26 0.00 2.97 13.16NIXU 3.09 3.09 3.16 2.62 2.32 2.32 8.94 9.03 0.87 0.74 0.04 0.03 0.03 2.77 2.77 2.77 2.77CUXC 0.00 1.96 5.60 0.00 1.16 0.00 0.00 17.38 1.80 1.42 0.15 0.16 0.53 816.87 0.21 4.90 25.68CUXU 5.57 5.57 5.70 4.72 4.17 4.18 16.11 16.28 1.57 1.33 0.08 0.06 0.06 7.29 4.99 4.99 4.99ZNXC 28.29 16.42 6.94 0.00 2.81 20.91 22.20 72.38 8.34 7.40 4.94 5.14 5.80 727.04 0.00 0.00 31.59ZNXU 5.57 5.57 5.70 4.72 4.17 4.18 16.11 16.28 1.57 1.33 0.09 0.07 0.07 1136.09 4.99 4.99 4.99GAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00GAXU 19.86 19.84 20.30 16.82 14.87 14.90 57.40 58.01 5.60 4.75 0.27 0.22 0.22 22.75 17.76 17.76 17.76ASXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00ASXU 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.52 0.46 0.46 1.76 1.78 0.17 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.88 0.54 0.54 0.54SEXC 7.26 0.00 0.24 0.00 3.12 0.00 10.83 0.00 0.00 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 8.84 0.00 11.19SEXU 13.07 13.05 13.36 11.07 9.79 9.80 37.77 38.17 3.68 3.13 0.18 0.15 0.14 11.69 11.69 11.69 11.69BRXC 10.54 0.00 0.00 2.98 2.63 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.00 0.02 0.07 5.87 3.52 0.00 5.49BRXU 9.28 9.26 9.48 7.85 6.95 6.96 26.81 27.09 2.61 2.22 0.13 0.10 0.10 8.30 8.30 8.30 8.30RBXC 1.31 3.46 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.92 0.00 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.03 10.98 0.00 0.00 4.27RBXU 6.84 6.83 6.99 5.79 5.12 5.13 19.77 19.98 1.93 1.64 0.09 0.08 0.07 7.25 6.12 6.12 6.12SRXC 0.00 0.89 4.45 2.58 4.91 9.21 3.79 2.60 2.97 0.94 0.43 0.30 0.22 5283.92 8.63 8.21 3.90SRXU 12.37 12.35 12.64 10.47 9.26 9.28 35.74 36.12 3.48 2.96 0.17 0.14 0.13 63.43 11.06 11.06 11.06YTXC 1.12 4.16 2.06 6.51 3.47 0.00 0.00 5.88 0.20 1.21 0.05 0.11 0.08 0.00 2.97 3.73 2.18YTXU 9.28 9.26 9.48 7.85 6.95 6.96 26.81 27.09 2.61 2.22 0.13 0.10 0.10 8.88 8.30 8.30 8.30U is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### D-2TABLE D-1 (CONT'D.) ENGINEA METALS AND ELEMENTSFTP-w-1 FTP-w-2 FTP-w-3 FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2 FTP-wo-3 CARBx-1CARBx-2 CARBz-1 CARBz-1 16-Hour-116-Hour-2 16-Hour-3 TB-1 TB-2 TB-3TB-4μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrZRXU 21.74 21.71 22.21 18.41 16.28 16.30 62.82 63.48 6.12 5.20 0.30 0.24 0.24 40.22 19.44 19.44 19.44NBXC 0.00 0.00 6.27 3.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.03 10.98 0.00 6.28 11.40NBXU 16.77 16.75 17.14 14.20 12.56 12.58 48.47 48.98 4.73 4.01 0.23 0.19 0.18 15.25 15.00 15.00 15.00MOXC 2.44 0.00 11.01 0.00 4.14 0.00 0.00 3.28 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.04 6.12MOXU 14.90 14.88 15.22 12.61 11.16 11.17 43.05 43.51 4.20 3.56 0.20 0.17 0.16 13.87 13.32 13.32 13.32PDXC 12.27 0.00 4.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.23 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PDXU 28.58 28.54 29.20 24.20 21.40 21.64 82.59 83.46 8.05 6.84 0.39 0.32 0.31 25.56 25.56 25.56 25.56AGXC 0.00 4.16 5.60 6.86 0.49 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00AGXU 26.05 26.01 26.62 22.06 19.50 19.54 75.28 76.07 7.34 6.23 0.36 0.29 0.28 23.29 23.29 23.29 23.29CDXC 0.00 5.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00CDXU 32.56 32.80 33.27 27.57 24.38 24.42 94.10 95.09 9.17 7.86 0.45 0.36 0.35 28.87 29.12 29.12 29.37INXC 0.00 2.62 0.00 4.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.52 0.00 0.00 0.00INXU 19.21 19.18 19.63 16.26 14.38 14.41 55.51 56.09 5.41 4.60 0.26 0.21 0.21 17.18 17.18 17.18 17.18SNXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SNXU 24.78 24.75 25.04 20.98 18.35 18.59 71.62 72.38 6.98 5.86 0.34 0.27 0.27 22.16 22.16 22.16 22.16SBXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.60 0.00 0.00 46.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 32.34 0.00SBXU 45.91 45.85 46.91 38.87 34.38 34.43 132.68 134.08 12.94 10.98 0.63 0.51 0.50 40.77 41.06 41.06 41.06CSXC 7.21 0.00 0.00 3.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.59 0.00 0.00CSXU 7.40 7.39 7.56 6.27 5.54 5.55 21.39 21.62 2.09 1.77 0.10 0.08 0.08 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62BAXC 1.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.65 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00BAXU 3.70 3.70 3.78 3.13 2.77 2.78 10.70 10.81 1.04 0.89 0.05 0.04 0.04 1724.78 3.31 3.31 3.31LAXC 0.00 0.00 5.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68 13.41 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.96 4.90 0.00LAXU 5.57 5.57 5.70 4.72 4.17 4.18 16.11 16.28 1.57 1.33 0.08 0.06 0.06 4.99 4.99 4.99 4.99CEXC 1.36 0.89 0.00 0.00 4.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00CEXU 8.10 8.09 8.28 6.86 6.07 6.08 23.42 23.67 2.28 1.94 0.11 0.09 0.09 7.25 7.25 7.25 7.25SMXC 4.17 0.00 0.00 9.08 8.03 0.00 23.42 27.50 0.67 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.45 8.42SMXU 11.15 11.13 11.39 9.44 8.35 8.36 32.22 32.56 3.14 2.67 0.15 0.12 0.12 16.93 9.97 9.97 9.97EUXC 0.00 0.00 4.26 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 13.11 2.93 0.00EUXU 40.29 40.24 41.17 34.11 30.17 30.22 116.43 117.66 11.35 9.64 0.55 0.45 0.44 50.44 36.32 36.03 36.03TBXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00TBXU 13.63 13.61 13.93 11.54 10.21 10.22 39.40 39.81 3.84 3.26 0.19 0.16 0.15 14.12 12.19 12.19 12.19HFXC 0.00 3.56 23.31 6.35 0.00 30.92 142.02 0.00 8.53 16.06 0.00 0.08 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00HFXU 88.35 87.91 89.95 74.53 65.91 66.02 255.34 257.08 24.80 21.14 1.21 0.98 0.96 90.12 78.72 78.72 78.47TAXC 0.00 42.48 0.00 57.56 47.60 39.81 172.35 65.40 18.90 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.21 0.00 39.22 15.29 21.20TAXU 74.11 73.69 75.73 62.75 55.50 55.59 214.19 215.48 20.88 17.73 1.02 0.82 0.80 74.03 65.99 65.99 65.99WOXC 47.17 0.00 0.00 8.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.13 16.30WOXU 106.53 106.06 108.52 90.20 79.52 79.65 306.93 310.16 29.83 25.49 1.46 1.18 1.15 105.66 95.53 95.27 95.27IRXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.98 16.09IRXU 22.91 22.88 23.41 19.40 17.15 17.18 66.21 66.90 6.45 5.48 0.31 0.25 0.25 20.49 20.49 20.49 20.78AUXC 4.59 0.00 9.19 0.95 16.59 32.08 0.00 21.21 6.24 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00AUXU 48.95 48.89 50.02 41.45 36.90 36.96 141.48 142.97 13.89 11.71 0.67 0.55 0.54 43.78 43.78 43.78 43.78HGXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.66 0.00HGXU 14.90 14.88 15.22 12.61 11.16 11.17 43.05 43.51 4.29 3.56 0.20 0.17 0.16 13.32 13.32 13.32 13.32TLXC 0.00 0.65 2.01 0.91 0.49 0.00 0.00 30.10 1.91 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.32 0.00 12.36 0.21TLXU 15.51 15.49 15.84 13.13 11.61 11.63 44.81 45.29 4.37 3.71 0.21 0.17 0.17 13.87 13.87 13.87 13.87PBXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 293.33 9.40 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PBXU 16.11 16.09 16.47 13.65 12.07 12.09 46.57 48.02 4.63 3.86 0.22 0.18 0.18 15.00 14.41 14.41 14.41URXC 0.00 8.33 0.00 0.00 8.21 10.86 41.84 69.23 0.00 3.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.52 0.00 0.00URXU 26.05 26.01 26.62 22.06 19.50 19.54 75.28 76.07 7.34 6.23 0.36 0.29 0.29 24.38 23.29 23.29 23.29U is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### D-3TABLE D-2. ENGINE B METALS AND ELEMENTSFTP-w-1 FTP-w-2 FTP-w-3 FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2 FTP-wo-3 CARBx-1CARBx-2 CARBz-1 CARBz-2 16-Hour-116-Hour-2 16-Hour-3 TB-1 TB-2 TB-3TB-4μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrNAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 110.12 0.00 0.00 56.42 0.00 62.09 0.00 33.52 30.82 33.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.41NAXU 315.30 296.94 283.96 309.43 305.50 304.34 653.12 637.27 89.06 91.04 6.57 6.51 6.52 303.40 303.93 299.94 304.67MGXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.78 1.69 3.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00MGXU 168.01 159.00 151.04 163.63 163.98 162.95 346.84 341.24 46.65 48.59 3.17 3.15 3.14 161.71 161.71 161.54 161.71ALXC 14.59 37.29 0.00 47.69 15.81 0.00 24.47 0.00 0.00 0.94 4.47 2.13 2.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.82ALXU 27.85 26.55 24.88 27.23 27.18 27.04 57.37 56.56 7.73 8.05 0.54 0.53 0.52 26.75 26.58 26.58 26.94SIXC 0.00 0.00 15.91 17.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.80 0.67 0.00 1.19 0.00 0.00SIXU 31.02 29.36 28.07 30.31 30.27 30.12 63.49 63.00 8.60 8.96 0.58 0.58 0.57 29.79 29.79 29.79 29.60PHXC 53.30 48.40 50.59 55.41 53.09 42.61 101.50 135.14 11.12 16.57 22.77 16.95 22.03 61.06 50.17 60.28 41.87PHXU 9.08 8.59 8.32 8.98 8.86 8.82 18.71 18.79 2.52 2.67 0.26 0.24 0.26 8.89 8.72 8.89 8.72SUXC 1247.19 1177.98 1137.19 1212.49 1244.08 1096.54 2475.93 2668.93 337.06 350.41 498.22 356.97 490.77 1170.96 1094.78 1179.791168.38SUXU 30.59 28.95 27.50 29.69 30.11 29.08 62.60 62.65 8.43 8.78 3.35 2.51 3.31 29.19 28.99 29.38 29.19CLXC 0.00 4.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 40.18 0.00 0.00CLXU 6.11 5.78 5.49 5.93 5.96 5.93 12.59 12.41 1.70 1.77 0.11 0.11 0.11 5.87 6.06 5.87 5.87KPXC 4.30 7.91 11.87 13.60 1.83 4.45 9.44 7.08 1.27 2.02 0.65 0.33 0.42 7.50 36.02 3.88 3.88KPXU 5.71 5.40 5.13 5.54 5.57 5.54 11.76 11.59 1.58 1.65 0.11 0.11 0.11 5.48 5.48 5.48 5.48CAXC 107.01 71.64 68.29 107.55 62.04 60.13 143.13 140.58 20.85 19.69 5.64 5.00 4.81 101.21 67.54 63.91 59.23CAXU 7.06 6.68 6.35 6.86 6.89 6.86 14.55 14.34 1.96 2.04 0.13 0.13 0.13 6.78 6.78 6.78 6.78SCXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SCXU 22.52 21.31 20.24 21.86 21.97 21.86 46.38 45.73 6.25 6.50 0.42 0.42 0.41 21.63 21.63 21.63 21.63TIXC 1.87 0.76 0.00 0.00 2.36 0.00 4.39 4.92 0.00 0.31 0.31 0.04 0.10 2.58 1.27 2.33 1.55TIXU 4.21 3.98 3.78 4.09 4.11 4.09 8.67 8.55 1.17 1.22 0.08 0.08 0.08 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04VAXC 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.53 0.78 0.25 0.00VAXU 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.77 0.76 0.10 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36CRXC 21.19 21.33 25.11 26.59 23.58 26.59 50.30 57.26 6.48 6.59 0.51 0.67 0.68 29.16 21.65 20.60 21.65CRXU 3.83 3.63 3.45 3.72 3.74 3.72 7.90 7.79 1.06 1.11 0.07 0.07 0.07 3.68 3.68 3.68 3.68MNXC 5.68 5.37 5.11 0.00 3.97 14.95 0.00 12.06 2.62 0.00 0.31 0.54 0.21 12.18 11.93 5.45 5.21MNXU 8.04 7.61 7.23 7.81 7.85 7.81 16.57 16.34 2.23 2.32 0.15 0.15 0.15 7.73 7.73 7.73 7.73FEXC 152.19 128.96 136.32 141.18 136.43 139.13 292.38 295.92 41.02 45.14 13.14 18.31 19.39 160.44 136.07 124.16 132.19FEXU 10.70 9.93 9.61 10.19 10.24 10.19 21.62 21.31 2.91 3.09 0.21 0.22 0.22 10.27 10.08 10.08 10.08COXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00COXU 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.77 0.76 0.10 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36NIXC 6.37 8.84 7.65 6.97 12.80 8.54 19.24 15.11 3.04 3.31 0.23 0.25 0.26 10.00 7.67 8.69 7.39NIXU 1.90 1.80 1.71 1.85 1.86 1.85 3.92 3.86 0.53 0.55 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83CUXC 12.83 8.57 14.44 62.21 16.99 30.79 34.74 22.19 4.38 3.39 0.32 0.48 0.33 18.52 15.42 14.12 28.63CUXU 3.43 3.25 3.08 3.53 3.35 3.33 7.07 6.97 0.95 0.99 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30ZNXC 15.51 14.43 34.34 53.56 13.56 26.06 25.83 36.48 5.28 4.17 0.86 0.93 0.97 18.03 22.15 14.90 28.38ZNXU 3.43 3.25 3.27 3.53 3.35 3.33 7.07 6.97 0.95 0.99 0.07 0.07 0.07 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30GAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 1.97 1.97 0.00 0.00GAXU 12.22 11.57 10.99 11.87 11.93 11.87 25.18 24.83 3.39 3.53 0.23 0.23 0.23 11.74 11.74 11.74 11.74ASXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00ASXU 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.77 0.76 0.10 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36SEXC 0.00 1.15 5.47 2.24 0.00 8.79 12.53 6.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 8.42 4.02 0.00 5.59SEXU 8.04 7.61 7.23 7.81 7.85 7.81 16.57 16.34 2.23 2.32 0.15 0.15 0.15 7.73 7.73 7.73 7.73BRXC 0.00 0.00 5.34 1.57 0.00 4.45 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.06 2.33 7.78 0.00 1.02BRXU 5.71 5.40 5.13 5.54 5.57 5.54 11.76 11.59 1.58 1.65 0.11 0.11 0.11 5.48 5.48 5.48 5.48RBXC 0.00 1.53 0.00 1.82 0.51 1.82 0.00 14.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.50 1.55 0.00 0.00RBXU 4.21 3.98 3.78 4.09 4.11 4.09 8.67 8.55 1.17 1.22 0.08 0.08 0.08 4.04 4.04 4.04 4.04SRXC 5.13 13.01 3.16 0.00 4.73 0.78 1.66 6.03 2.54 0.31 0.20 0.09 0.10 4.65 7.25 5.95 3.38SRXU 7.61 7.20 6.84 7.39 7.43 7.39 15.68 15.46 2.11 2.20 0.14 0.14 0.14 7.31 7.31 7.31 7.31YTXC 0.00 2.43 0.39 0.00 0.00 1.46 0.00 1.41 1.24 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.10 0.00 1.97 0.00 1.44YTXU 5.71 5.40 5.13 5.54 5.57 5.54 11.76 11.59 1.58 1.65 0.11 0.11 0.11 5.48 5.48 5.48 5.48U is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### D-4TABLE D-2 (CONT'D.) ENGINE B METALS AND ELEMENTSFTP-w-1 FTP-w-2 FTP-w-3 FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2 FTP-wo-3 CARBx-1CARBx-2 CARBz-1 CARBz-2 16-Hour-116-Hour-2 16-Hour-3 TB-1 TB-2 TB-3TB-4μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrZRXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14ZRXU 13.38 12.66 12.03 12.98 13.06 12.99 27.56 27.17 3.71 3.86 0.25 0.25 0.25 12.85 12.85 12.85 12.85NBXC 1.10 2.05 5.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.04 1.64 2.02 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.00NBXU 10.32 9.77 9.28 10.02 10.07 10.02 21.26 20.96 2.86 2.98 0.19 0.19 0.19 9.91 9.91 9.91 9.91MOXC 0.00 0.00 4.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.19 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 0.14 0.00MOXU 9.17 8.68 8.24 8.90 8.95 8.90 18.89 18.62 2.54 2.65 0.17 0.17 0.17 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81PDXC 0.00 3.82 12.13 9.68 7.09 0.00 7.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.00 12.18 5.43 4.15PDXU 17.59 16.64 15.81 17.07 17.16 17.08 36.23 35.72 4.88 5.08 0.33 0.33 0.32 16.89 16.89 16.89 16.89AGXC 5.25 0.00 6.43 6.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.39 0.00 2.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00AGXU 16.03 15.17 14.41 15.56 15.64 15.56 33.02 32.55 4.45 4.63 0.30 0.30 0.30 15.40 15.40 15.40 15.40CDXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.66 0.00 0.00 3.66CDXU 20.04 18.96 18.17 19.45 19.55 19.46 41.63 40.69 5.56 5.79 0.37 0.37 0.37 19.41 19.24 19.24 19.41INXC 0.00 0.00 8.50 0.00 0.00 0.25 7.25 12.06 0.38 2.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.88 5.70 0.00INXU 11.82 11.19 10.63 11.47 11.54 11.48 24.35 24.01 3.28 3.41 0.22 0.22 0.22 11.35 11.35 11.35 11.35SNXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 18.95 0.00 3.45 1.49 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 3.13 0.00 0.00SNXU 15.25 14.43 13.71 14.80 14.88 14.81 31.42 30.62 4.23 4.41 0.28 0.28 0.28 14.48 14.65 14.65 14.65SBXC 0.00 3.71 13.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.10 1.35 3.48 3.16 0.00 0.20 0.00 6.34 3.77 0.00 12.57SBXU 28.43 26.74 25.40 27.42 27.74 27.43 58.20 57.38 7.84 8.16 0.52 0.52 0.52 27.14 27.14 27.30 27.14CSXC 0.00 0.38 0.00 1.43 0.00 0.00 3.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.00CSXU 4.55 4.31 4.09 4.42 4.45 4.42 9.38 9.25 1.26 1.32 0.08 0.08 0.08 4.38 4.38 4.38 4.38BAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.00 3.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00BAXU 2.28 2.16 2.05 2.21 2.22 2.21 4.69 4.63 0.63 0.66 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.19LAXC 0.40 0.90 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.04 2.19 0.00 0.64 0.00LAXU 3.43 3.25 3.08 3.33 3.35 3.33 7.07 6.97 0.95 0.99 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30CEXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.68 0.00 0.00 0.00CEXU 4.99 4.72 4.48 4.84 4.87 4.84 10.27 10.13 1.38 1.44 0.09 0.09 0.09 4.79 4.79 4.79 4.79SMXC 6.60 3.71 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.82 12.35 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.94 5.84 3.24 0.00SMXU 6.86 6.49 6.17 6.66 6.70 6.66 14.13 13.94 1.90 1.98 0.13 0.13 0.13 6.59 6.59 6.59 6.59EUXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.74 0.00 0.00 39.73 26.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.34 0.00EUXU 24.79 23.46 22.29 24.07 24.20 24.07 51.49 50.76 6.88 7.16 0.46 0.46 0.46 23.81 23.81 24.01 23.81TBXC 0.00 6.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.73 9.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.13 4.13 0.00TBXU 8.39 8.13 7.54 8.14 8.19 8.15 17.28 17.04 2.33 2.42 0.16 0.16 0.16 8.06 8.06 8.06 8.06HFXC 0.00 31.95 0.00 13.12 16.88 7.36 98.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.82 16.09HFXU 54.17 51.45 48.70 52.58 52.87 52.60 112.01 109.67 15.03 15.65 1.01 1.01 0.99 52.22 51.86 52.03 52.03TAXC 0.00 19.42 11.40 24.88 22.40 0.00 80.59 9.31 12.58 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.28 27.99 13.24 0.00 17.89TAXU 45.61 42.97 40.82 44.08 44.31 44.09 93.96 92.22 12.65 13.12 0.84 0.84 0.84 43.61 43.61 43.81 43.61WOXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.89 46.44 37.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.60 11.05 0.00 0.00WOXU 65.35 61.85 58.75 63.25 63.78 63.66 135.05 133.14 18.13 18.88 1.21 1.21 1.20 62.97 62.97 62.77 62.77IRXC 0.00 10.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.22 0.00 9.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.73 0.00IRXU 14.10 13.53 12.85 13.68 13.76 13.88 29.04 28.63 3.91 4.07 0.26 0.26 0.26 13.54 13.54 13.54 13.54AUXC 12.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.00 0.56 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00AUXU 30.33 28.51 27.08 29.44 29.40 29.25 62.06 61.19 8.36 8.70 0.56 0.56 0.55 28.94 28.94 29.13 28.94HGXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00HGXU 9.17 8.68 8.24 8.90 8.95 8.90 18.89 18.62 2.54 2.65 0.17 0.17 0.17 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81TLXC 0.00 4.20 2.80 0.00 0.65 0.00 17.52 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 8.69 0.00TLXU 9.54 9.03 8.58 9.26 9.31 9.27 19.66 19.38 2.65 2.76 0.18 0.18 0.18 9.17 9.17 9.17 9.17PBXC 0.00 0.00 8.50 0.28 11.09 0.00 13.90 6.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.00PBXU 9.92 9.39 8.92 9.63 9.68 9.63 20.43 20.14 2.75 2.87 0.18 0.18 0.18 9.53 9.53 9.53 9.53URXC 0.00 11.49 11.40 8.90 8.95 0.00 0.00 10.95 1.58 2.11 0.00 0.23 0.00 14.26 0.00 0.00 0.00URXU 16.20 15.17 14.41 15.56 15.64 15.56 33.38 32.55 4.45 4.63 0.30 0.30 0.30 15.40 15.56 15.56 15.40U is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### D-5TABLE D-3. ENGINE C METALS AND ELEMENTSFTP-w-1 FTP-w-2 FTP-w-3 FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2 FTP-wo-3 CARBx-1CARBx-2 CARBz-1 CARBz-2 16-Hour-116-Hour-2 16-Hour-3 TB-1 TB-2 TB-3TB-4μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrNAXC 147.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 937.75 255.16 0.00 237.48 6.14 12.54 2.55 0.00 0.00 306.48 220.65NAXU 365.58 342.12 355.83 359.55 362.01 361.55 834.78 814.02 87.95 153.03 5.93 5.98 5.61 357.11 359.92 366.50 360.59MGXC 12.69 31.70 0.00 0.00 63.14 0.00 433.37 148.30 10.14 61.17 2.73 1.78 2.85 24.87 0.00 69.72 270.86MGXU 191.79 182.10 191.05 191.65 194.20 191.00 434.09 428.33 47.32 78.79 3.09 3.06 2.98 190.54 190.13 190.99 191.31ALXC 10.06 28.62 0.00 17.79 0.00 0.00 89.38 159.62 2.33 8.79 2.42 2.37 1.40 0.00 0.00 44.37 56.98ALXU 31.91 30.51 31.85 31.95 32.27 31.69 72.31 72.18 7.86 13.14 0.52 0.52 0.50 31.70 31.70 31.92 31.83SIXC 18.86 25.54 0.61 34.37 29.08 16.71 82.08 166.86 14.63 15.04 1.96 2.00 1.44 32.24 21.48 50.37 54.52SIXU 35.28 33.50 35.03 35.33 35.68 35.29 79.40 79.27 8.76 14.43 0.57 0.57 0.56 35.05 35.05 35.31 35.40PHXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 26.03 67.88 11.77 9.79 0.56 7.16 1.37 0.00 6.61 19.79 9.07PHXU 10.73 10.40 10.71 10.75 10.85 10.96 24.66 24.44 2.70 4.48 0.18 0.20 0.17 10.66 10.89 10.89 10.76SUXC 32.77 225.43 161.70 163.14 125.08 199.77 457.74 253.80 66.43 81.15 8.91 161.09 35.42 182.12 163.70 131.77 333.20SUXU 40.97 39.75 41.57 41.70 41.92 41.88 94.22 92.46 10.37 17.12 0.70 1.50 0.79 41.37 41.37 41.18 41.59CLXC 0.00 4.39 6.48 3.09 0.00 0.61 38.98 22.72 18.66 6.82 0.21 0.92 3.00 4.60 2.46 8.91 15.67CLXU 7.00 6.65 6.99 7.01 7.08 7.01 15.76 15.63 1.78 2.86 0.11 0.12 0.12 6.96 6.96 6.96 6.96KPXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.61 13.76 1.68 4.55 0.76 0.53 0.58 6.13 5.84 5.24 5.71KPXU 6.55 6.22 6.54 6.56 6.63 6.56 14.75 14.62 1.62 2.68 0.11 0.10 0.10 6.51 6.51 6.51 6.51CAXC 16.07 2.04 6.16 6.50 3.12 10.22 73.76 62.07 33.29 14.79 4.67 5.73 4.38 19.66 25.51 26.72 62.79CAXU 8.32 7.90 8.31 8.33 8.42 8.33 18.73 18.56 2.05 3.40 0.14 0.14 0.13 8.27 8.27 8.27 8.27SCXC 0.00 0.00 9.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00SCXU 25.80 24.50 25.76 25.84 26.09 25.81 58.07 57.56 6.36 10.64 0.42 0.41 0.40 25.63 25.63 25.63 25.63TIXC 7.10 2.04 0.00 3.41 5.00 6.17 24.37 20.71 3.58 4.05 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.00 7.05 10.76 9.23TIXU 4.82 4.58 4.81 4.83 4.87 4.82 10.85 10.75 1.19 1.97 0.08 0.08 0.07 4.79 4.79 4.79 4.79VAXC 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.61 2.46 3.38 0.00VAXU 0.45 0.43 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 1.01 1.00 0.11 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45CRXC 6.20 5.00 9.59 8.69 8.16 10.86 44.54 37.99 4.66 6.33 0.61 0.37 0.28 11.68 14.78 26.43 15.67CRXU 4.37 4.15 4.36 4.38 4.42 4.37 9.83 9.75 1.08 1.79 0.07 0.07 0.07 4.34 4.34 4.34 4.34MNXC 0.45 0.00 0.00 5.73 0.00 4.47 7.30 27.24 2.02 4.99 0.25 0.00 0.08 0.45 8.14 3.51 6.77MNXU 9.19 8.73 9.17 9.20 9.29 9.19 20.68 20.50 2.26 3.76 0.15 0.15 0.14 9.13 9.13 9.13 9.13FEXC 63.68 64.59 45.68 76.16 57.84 65.25 139.85 67.59 28.11 29.19 6.31 4.56 4.20 65.73 70.32 52.83 93.37FEXU 12.69 12.05 12.67 12.71 12.84 12.70 28.56 28.31 3.13 5.19 0.21 0.21 0.20 12.61 12.61 12.61 12.61COXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00COXU 0.45 0.43 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 1.01 1.00 0.11 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45NIXC 4.63 7.05 3.40 6.82 10.01 10.22 18.80 4.16 4.19 5.06 0.19 0.20 0.10 7.98 4.31 7.69 4.76NIXU 2.18 2.07 2.18 2.19 2.21 2.19 4.92 4.87 0.54 0.89 0.04 0.03 0.03 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17CUXC 6.20 7.08 4.33 9.94 3.77 4.05 28.56 30.39 5.19 23.27 0.41 0.35 0.16 5.24 10.76 13.53 10.76CUXU 3.95 3.75 3.95 3.96 4.00 3.95 8.89 8.82 0.97 1.71 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.93 3.93 3.93 3.93ZNXC 9.74 8.08 6.03 8.21 3.61 6.04 35.14 23.80 15.73 19.16 0.67 0.63 0.55 8.75 7.82 12.74 6.29ZNXU 3.95 3.75 3.95 3.96 4.00 3.95 8.89 8.82 1.03 1.71 0.07 0.07 0.06 3.93 3.93 3.93 3.93GAXC 0.00 8.94 2.63 11.91 12.35 0.00 3.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00GAXU 14.01 13.30 13.99 14.03 14.17 14.21 31.53 31.25 3.45 5.73 0.22 0.22 0.22 13.92 13.92 13.92 13.92ASXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00ASXU 0.45 0.43 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 1.01 1.00 0.11 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45SEXC 2.02 7.78 14.66 0.00 3.61 6.98 0.36 0.00 0.00 1.33 0.05 0.11 0.00 5.39 0.00 1.09 9.39SEXU 9.19 8.73 9.17 9.20 9.29 9.19 20.68 20.50 2.26 3.76 0.15 0.15 0.14 9.13 9.13 9.13 9.13BRXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00BRXU 6.55 6.22 6.54 6.56 6.63 6.56 14.75 14.62 1.62 2.68 0.11 0.10 0.10 6.51 6.51 6.51 6.51RBXC 0.00 5.86 3.40 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 5.52 0.00 0.00 4.92RBXU 4.82 4.58 4.81 4.83 4.87 4.82 10.85 10.75 1.19 1.97 0.08 0.08 0.07 4.79 4.79 4.79 4.79SRXC 8.06 0.31 4.01 0.00 8.16 3.73 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 9.54 0.00 0.00SRXU 8.74 8.30 8.73 8.75 8.84 8.74 19.67 19.50 2.15 3.57 0.14 0.14 0.14 8.68 8.68 8.68 8.68YTXC 5.11 1.04 0.00 0.00 3.61 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00YTXU 6.55 6.22 6.54 6.56 6.63 6.56 14.75 14.62 1.62 2.68 0.11 0.10 0.10 6.51 6.51 6.51 6.51U is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### D-6TABLE D-3 (CONT'D.) ENGINEC METALS AND ELEMENTSFTP-w-1 FTP-w-2 FTP-w-3 FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2 FTP-wo-3 CARBx-1CARBx-2 CARBz-1 CARBz-2 16-Hour-116-Hour-2 16-Hour-3 TB-1 TB-2 TB-3TB-4μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrZRXC 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.30 10.19 26.47 8.24 9.75 1.77 0.24 0.05 0.06 1.53 20.27 18.13 0.00ZRXU 15.33 14.55 15.30 15.35 15.50 15.33 34.49 34.19 3.82 6.27 0.25 0.24 0.24 15.23 15.23 15.23 15.23NBXC 0.00 5.13 0.00 5.41 1.10 6.65 7.30 0.00 0.00 2.09 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 5.68 3.83NBXU 11.82 11.23 11.80 11.84 11.96 11.83 26.61 26.38 2.91 4.83 0.19 0.19 0.18 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75MOXC 6.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.47 34.42 3.08 0.00 1.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.54 0.00 7.21 0.00MOXU 10.51 9.98 10.49 10.52 10.63 10.51 23.65 23.44 2.59 4.30 0.17 0.17 0.16 10.44 10.44 10.44 10.44PDXC 4.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.29 42.45 41.36 0.00 5.56 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.96PDXU 20.11 19.10 20.30 20.14 20.34 20.12 45.27 44.87 4.96 8.22 0.32 0.32 0.31 19.98 19.98 19.98 19.98AGXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.80 0.00 3.66 0.51 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.22AGXU 18.35 17.42 18.32 18.37 18.56 18.35 41.29 40.93 4.52 7.50 0.29 0.29 0.28 18.23 18.23 18.23 18.23CDXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.31 0.12 0.17 0.00 0.00 18.26 0.00CDXU 22.72 21.57 22.90 22.75 22.98 22.73 51.13 50.67 5.60 9.29 0.37 0.36 0.35 22.57 22.57 22.79 22.57INXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.20 0.00 0.00 0.00INXU 13.53 12.84 13.50 13.55 13.68 13.53 30.44 30.18 3.40 5.53 0.22 0.22 0.21 13.44 13.44 13.44 13.44SNXC 2.47 12.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.09 14.61 0.00 0.00 6.82 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.32 17.21 0.00SNXU 17.38 16.50 17.13 17.18 17.58 17.39 39.12 38.78 4.23 7.11 0.27 0.28 0.27 17.05 17.27 17.27 17.27SBXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.90 8.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.83 8.01 8.62 0.00SBXU 32.36 30.72 32.30 32.40 32.72 32.37 72.82 72.18 7.97 13.23 0.52 0.52 0.50 32.15 32.15 32.15 32.15CSXC 0.00 2.50 0.00 3.57 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.40 0.48 0.00 0.00CSXU 5.24 4.97 5.23 5.24 5.30 5.24 11.79 11.68 1.29 2.14 0.08 0.08 0.08 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20BAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00BAXU 2.63 2.50 2.63 2.64 2.66 2.64 5.93 5.88 0.65 1.08 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62LAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00LAXU 3.95 3.75 3.95 3.96 4.00 3.95 8.89 8.82 0.97 1.62 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.93 3.93 3.93 3.93CEXC 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.86 11.75 0.46 2.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 2.46 0.00CEXU 5.69 5.40 5.68 5.70 5.75 5.69 12.80 12.69 1.40 2.33 0.09 0.09 0.09 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65SMXC 4.34 1.46 0.00 2.80 7.51 0.00 7.01 0.00 0.00 2.15 0.11 0.05 0.00 1.24 4.31 0.00 0.00SMXU 7.87 7.47 7.86 7.88 7.96 7.88 17.72 17.56 1.94 3.22 0.13 0.13 0.12 7.82 7.82 7.82 7.82EUXC 0.00 17.94 16.39 2.19 12.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 1.41 0.21 0.00 0.00 11.40 0.00 4.02 0.00EUXU 28.40 26.97 28.36 28.44 28.73 28.41 63.92 63.36 7.00 11.61 0.46 0.45 0.44 28.22 28.22 28.22 28.22TBXC 7.55 0.73 8.79 3.86 0.00 9.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.79TBXU 9.64 9.15 9.62 9.65 9.75 9.64 22.13 21.93 2.42 3.94 0.16 0.16 0.15 9.77 9.58 9.77 9.58HFXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.86 0.00 7.53 0.00 0.00HFXU 62.08 58.94 62.20 62.17 62.78 62.10 141.15 139.91 15.40 25.55 1.00 1.00 0.97 61.45 61.67 62.09 62.22TAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.34 0.00 6.06 13.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.88TAXU 52.44 49.61 52.35 52.51 52.84 52.26 118.01 116.97 12.92 21.44 0.84 0.83 0.81 51.91 52.10 52.10 52.00WOXC 40.81 39.33 33.04 36.23 45.04 17.94 148.89 98.63 0.00 12.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.97 0.00 0.00 0.00WOXU 74.64 70.87 74.52 74.75 75.49 74.67 168.49 166.50 18.45 30.52 1.19 1.20 1.17 74.38 74.38 74.38 74.47IRXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 12.58 0.00IRXU 16.29 15.47 16.26 16.31 16.48 16.30 37.17 36.34 4.01 6.75 0.26 0.26 0.25 16.41 16.41 16.41 16.06AUXC 17.48 3.69 14.98 0.00 6.73 0.00 72.02 10.75 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.36 8.14 0.00 21.96 28.73AUXU 34.86 32.89 34.80 34.69 35.03 34.65 78.46 77.27 8.59 14.16 0.56 0.55 0.54 34.41 34.41 34.64 34.64HGXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.99 0.00HGXU 10.60 10.07 10.59 10.62 10.72 10.61 24.37 24.15 2.61 4.43 0.17 0.17 0.16 10.53 10.53 10.53 10.44TLXC 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.04 0.00 2.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 0.00 0.00 4.44TLXU 10.96 10.40 10.94 10.97 11.08 10.96 24.66 24.44 2.70 4.48 0.18 0.18 0.17 10.89 10.89 10.89 10.89PBXC 0.00 6.16 17.90 0.00 12.51 2.15 69.57 33.11 2.82 6.44 0.59 0.50 0.00 0.00 3.67 5.84 12.29PBXU 11.37 10.80 11.36 11.39 11.50 11.38 26.10 25.37 2.80 4.65 0.19 0.19 0.18 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30URXC 11.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.78 4.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 17.97 9.67 0.00 0.00URXU 18.35 17.42 18.32 18.37 18.56 18.35 41.29 40.93 4.52 7.50 0.29 0.29 0.28 18.45 18.23 18.23 18.23U is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### D-7TABLE D-4. ENGINE D METALS AND ELEMENTSFTP-w-1 FTP-w-2 FTP-w-3 FTP-wo-1 FTP-wo-2FTP-wo-3 CARBx-1 CARBx-2 CARBz-1 CARBz-2 16-Hour-1 16-Hour-2 16-Hour-3 TB-1 TB-2 TB-3μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrNAXC 416.96 295.45 284.72 152.45 94.98 444.53 1288.91 193.52 39.69 108.28 28.88 35.42 14.48 226.90 35.38 178.88NAXU 296.90 293.62 293.13 306.73 301.75 319.56 691.51 719.99 89.77 78.79 6.35 6.44 6.05 300.74 296.92 299.84MGXC 185.29 156.71 133.26 176.39 192.27 197.85 433.75 402.50 51.92 39.10 4.47 7.22 4.13 73.55 199.45 19.93MGXU 154.60 153.95 153.60 162.68 160.63 166.40 356.64 383.25 47.67 41.01 3.09 3.08 3.09 157.99 158.89 157.65ALXC 68.28 56.65 80.87 41.49 0.00 71.88 198.24 153.42 15.84 18.26 2.18 3.18 2.40 45.34 53.75 39.47ALXU 25.78 25.70 25.67 26.93 26.40 27.74 59.88 63.97 7.95 6.84 0.52 0.52 0.52 26.28 26.46 26.28SIXC 64.81 59.64 8.32 33.65 27.80 48.34 99.60 20.73 12.70 8.75 2.87 4.16 5.15 31.30 33.34 28.99SIXU 28.67 28.58 28.37 29.98 29.60 30.86 66.14 70.71 8.84 7.57 0.58 0.58 0.59 29.25 29.25 29.25PHXC 16.80 26.42 19.46 2.23 19.02 24.24 73.77 70.71 5.10 8.36 10.34 14.37 8.68 14.94 12.16 26.44PHXU 8.71 8.69 8.68 8.98 9.05 9.38 20.10 21.62 2.69 2.31 0.21 0.23 0.20 8.95 8.95 8.95SUXC 304.91 376.90 333.12 361.44 260.47 344.27 779.71 997.50 91.87 87.77 223.96 350.16 199.07 255.62 320.23 356.75SUXU 33.89 34.15 33.93 35.86 34.84 36.48 78.60 85.02 10.45 9.00 1.87 2.61 1.73 34.43 34.80 34.99CLXC 11.45 4.48 14.88 3.16 8.54 6.18 21.23 19.76 2.07 4.17 0.36 2.95 3.12 3.85 0.00 2.81CLXU 5.64 5.62 5.61 5.93 5.86 6.07 13.00 13.99 1.74 1.50 0.11 0.12 0.12 5.79 5.79 5.79KPXC 12.56 8.81 6.33 2.77 1.96 5.51 10.68 23.81 2.19 2.62 0.68 1.14 6.59 10.86 6.53 5.26KPXU 5.27 5.26 5.25 5.55 5.48 5.68 12.17 13.09 1.63 1.40 0.11 0.11 0.12 5.41 5.41 5.41CAXC 56.57 28.87 26.36 21.33 28.28 26.10 55.94 97.79 12.31 11.79 8.89 14.57 42.55 59.62 25.40 89.24CAXU 6.70 6.68 6.67 7.05 6.96 7.21 15.45 16.62 2.06 1.78 0.14 0.15 0.21 6.87 6.87 6.87SCXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SCXU 20.94 20.88 20.67 21.85 21.57 22.34 47.89 51.97 6.40 5.51 0.41 0.41 0.42 21.31 21.31 21.31TIXC 15.93 0.00 3.99 0.00 3.89 6.71 15.51 15.46 1.62 2.31 0.28 0.94 1.87 8.44 8.95 3.85TIXU 3.88 3.87 3.86 4.08 4.03 4.17 8.95 9.62 1.20 1.03 0.08 0.08 0.08 3.98 3.98 3.98VAXC 0.00 0.00 2.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00VAXU 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.83 0.90 0.11 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.37 0.37 0.37CRXC 11.71 8.94 18.85 9.17 6.74 16.61 26.42 29.07 2.61 3.90 0.50 0.38 2.37 12.53 8.71 10.48CRXU 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.70 3.65 3.78 8.11 8.73 1.08 0.93 0.07 0.07 0.07 3.61 3.61 3.61MNXC 9.95 0.75 1.98 0.00 2.85 8.04 0.60 0.00 1.08 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.82 0.00 8.95 1.04MNXU 7.39 7.37 7.36 7.78 7.68 7.96 17.06 18.35 2.28 1.96 0.15 0.15 0.15 7.59 7.59 7.59FEXC 26.63 27.04 42.87 31.94 34.11 19.03 34.47 80.27 5.45 12.62 7.11 8.79 64.20 51.34 16.11 93.22FEXU 10.21 10.18 10.17 10.75 10.61 10.99 23.56 25.34 3.15 2.71 0.21 0.22 0.32 10.48 10.48 10.67COXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00COXU 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.83 0.90 0.11 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.37 0.37 0.37NIXC 0.00 1.62 0.62 0.00 7.63 0.00 13.48 7.76 0.81 0.00 0.06 0.04 1.07 1.41 2.95 9.08NIXU 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.85 1.83 1.89 4.06 4.36 0.54 0.47 0.04 0.03 0.04 1.80 1.80 1.80CUXC 11.43 11.39 9.91 6.80 11.63 9.38 25.82 22.84 2.07 3.70 0.41 0.46 0.94 13.27 9.95 4.33CUXU 3.18 3.17 3.17 3.35 3.30 3.42 7.34 7.89 0.98 0.84 0.06 0.06 0.07 3.26 3.26 3.26ZNXC 6.08 11.78 7.80 6.67 7.87 6.01 26.66 24.96 4.49 3.40 1.71 2.36 7.04 8.55 9.32 8.28ZNXU 3.18 3.17 3.17 3.35 3.30 3.42 7.34 7.89 0.98 0.84 0.07 0.07 0.08 3.26 3.26 3.26GAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00GAXU 11.27 11.24 11.22 11.86 11.71 12.13 26.00 27.98 3.48 2.99 0.22 0.22 0.22 11.57 11.57 11.57ASXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00ASXU 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.83 0.90 0.11 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.37 0.37 0.37SEXC 3.88 5.10 6.08 7.48 3.49 10.32 0.00 19.44 6.86 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.05 4.49 3.98 0.00SEXU 7.39 7.37 7.36 7.78 7.68 7.96 17.06 18.35 2.28 1.96 0.15 0.15 0.15 7.59 7.59 7.59BRXC 2.84 8.56 3.84 1.96 0.64 3.87 2.56 15.08 1.04 0.49 0.11 0.01 0.00 0.00 8.55 0.37BRXU 5.27 5.26 5.25 5.55 5.48 5.68 12.17 13.09 1.63 1.40 0.11 0.10 0.11 5.41 5.41 5.41RBXC 0.00 4.46 0.00 0.00 1.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.60 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00RBXU 3.88 3.87 3.86 4.08 4.03 4.17 8.95 9.62 1.20 1.03 0.08 0.08 0.08 3.98 3.98 3.98SRXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.21 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00SRXU 7.03 7.01 7.00 7.40 7.31 7.57 16.22 17.45 2.17 1.87 0.14 0.14 0.14 7.22 7.22 7.22YTXC 0.00 0.00 2.24 1.58 0.00 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00 1.78U is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionREPORT 03.13062 

### D-8TABLE D-4 (CONT'D.) ENGINE D METALS AND ELEMENTSFTP-w-1 FTP-w-2 FTP-w-3 FTP-wo-1 FTP-wo-2FTP-wo-3 CARBx-1 CARBx-2 CARBz-1 CARBz-2 16-Hour-1 16-Hour-2 16-Hour-3 TB-1 TB-2 TB-3μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrYTXU 5.27 5.26 5.25 5.55 5.48 5.68 12.17 13.09 1.63 1.40 0.11 0.10 0.11 5.41 5.41 5.41ZRXC 0.00 4.97 11.92 7.62 0.00 6.98 2.92 16.75 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.00 7.67 8.44ZRXU 12.33 12.29 12.28 12.98 12.81 13.27 28.45 30.61 3.80 3.27 0.25 0.24 0.25 12.66 12.66 12.66NBXC 0.00 2.84 0.00 9.55 6.31 6.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.08 0.02 0.02 8.04 0.00 3.19NBXU 9.51 9.49 9.47 10.01 9.88 10.24 21.95 23.61 2.93 2.53 0.19 0.19 0.19 9.77 9.77 9.77MOXC 0.00 5.44 0.00 3.13 0.00 0.00 13.18 10.46 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.14 0.00 1.78MOXU 8.45 8.43 8.42 8.90 8.78 9.10 19.50 20.98 2.61 2.24 0.17 0.17 0.17 8.68 8.68 8.68PDXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.23 0.00 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.01 0.00 0.00 5.63PDXU 16.18 16.13 16.12 17.22 17.00 17.42 37.33 40.17 4.99 4.30 0.32 0.32 0.32 16.80 16.62 16.62AGXC 0.00 0.00 4.71 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.00 24.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 11.49 0.00 0.00AGXU 14.76 14.72 14.70 15.53 15.34 15.89 34.05 36.64 4.61 3.92 0.29 0.29 0.30 15.16 15.16 15.16CDXC 0.00 10.18 11.92 0.00 0.00 6.46 0.00 0.00 5.60 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 1.30 9.98CDXU 18.28 18.22 18.38 19.42 18.99 19.67 42.16 45.81 5.69 4.85 0.36 0.36 0.36 18.95 18.77 18.77INXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00INXU 10.88 10.85 10.84 11.45 11.52 11.72 25.11 27.01 3.36 2.89 0.22 0.22 0.22 11.18 11.18 11.18SNXC 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SNXU 13.81 13.94 13.93 14.53 14.53 15.05 31.85 34.26 4.26 3.71 0.28 0.28 0.28 14.17 14.17 14.36SBXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00SBXU 26.03 25.95 25.93 27.39 27.05 28.02 60.06 64.61 8.03 6.91 0.52 0.52 0.52 26.73 26.73 26.73CSXC 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.14 0.23 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.30 0.00 0.00CSXU 4.21 4.20 4.20 4.43 4.38 4.54 9.72 10.46 1.30 1.12 0.08 0.08 0.08 4.33 4.33 4.33BAXC 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00BAXU 2.12 2.11 2.11 2.23 2.20 2.28 4.89 5.26 0.65 0.56 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.18 2.18 2.18LAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00LAXU 3.18 3.17 3.17 3.35 3.30 3.42 7.34 7.89 0.98 0.84 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.26 3.26 3.26CEXC 0.00 0.00 2.11 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 2.44CEXU 4.58 4.56 4.56 4.82 4.75 4.93 10.56 11.36 1.41 1.22 0.09 0.09 0.09 4.70 4.70 4.70SMXC 2.61 6.31 4.09 4.33 5.80 6.01 5.43 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.41 6.26SMXU 6.33 6.31 6.31 6.67 6.58 6.82 14.61 15.72 1.95 1.68 0.13 0.13 0.13 6.50 6.50 6.50EUXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.46EUXU 22.85 22.78 22.76 24.05 23.74 24.60 52.72 56.72 7.05 6.07 0.46 0.46 0.46 23.46 23.46 23.65TBXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00TBXU 7.91 7.89 7.88 8.32 8.06 8.51 18.25 19.63 2.44 2.10 0.16 0.15 0.16 8.12 8.12 8.12HFXC 0.00 13.25 0.00 41.49 12.52 0.00 89.76 0.00 0.00 10.33 0.00 0.03 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00HFXU 50.57 50.05 50.18 52.83 52.16 54.23 115.82 125.06 15.59 13.33 1.00 0.99 1.00 51.73 51.73 51.18TAXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.64 0.00 19.56 27.02 60.51 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.26TAXU 41.93 41.81 41.76 44.32 43.76 45.33 97.15 104.52 13.04 11.23 0.84 0.83 0.84 43.24 43.05 43.24WOXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.03 0.00 147.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00WOXU 60.32 60.13 60.42 63.47 62.67 65.14 139.14 150.59 18.60 16.07 1.20 1.19 1.21 61.93 61.93 61.93IRXC 1.37 0.00 10.27 0.00 1.93 0.95 9.48 1.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.58IRXU 13.00 12.96 12.95 13.90 13.51 14.00 30.00 32.27 4.01 3.51 0.26 0.26 0.26 13.35 13.35 13.35AUXC 14.32 0.00 0.00 1.47 20.55 18.37 3.22 4.04 3.11 5.85 0.34 0.00 0.53 23.39 6.26 0.00AUXU 27.87 27.97 27.75 29.33 29.14 30.19 64.29 69.17 8.59 7.45 0.56 0.55 0.56 28.80 28.61 28.61HGXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00HGXU 8.45 8.43 8.42 8.90 8.78 9.10 19.50 20.98 2.61 2.29 0.17 0.17 0.17 8.87 8.68 8.68TLXC 7.34 2.11 0.00 6.67 7.09 5.20 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.11 0.08 3.19 0.37 0.00TLXU 8.82 8.79 8.78 9.28 9.16 9.49 20.34 21.88 2.72 2.34 0.18 0.17 0.18 9.05 9.05 9.05PBXC 1.24 3.71 3.96 0.00 1.02 11.52 16.04 8.02 4.45 4.16 0.01 0.00 0.13 8.41 11.73 0.00PBXU 9.15 9.12 9.11 9.63 9.51 9.85 21.11 22.71 2.82 2.43 0.18 0.18 0.18 9.40 9.40 9.40URXC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.03URXU 14.76 14.72 14.70 15.53 15.34 15.89 34.05 36.64 4.55 3.92 0.29 0.29 0.30 15.16 15.16 15.16U is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detection

## APPENDIX E

CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND ALCOHOLSREPORT 03.13062 

### E-1TABLE E-1. ENGINE A CARBONYLS AND ALCOHOLSmg/hp-hrFTP-w-1FTP-w-2FTP-w-3FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2FTP-wo-3CARBX-1CARBX-2CARBZ-1CARBZ-216-hour-1a16-Hour-1b16-hour-2a16-hour-2b16-hour-3a16-hour-3bTB-1TB-2TB-3TB-4Methanol0.000.000.000.000.000.0010.264.660.000.000.000.140.050.010.000.350.000.000.000.00Ethanol0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.340.000.000.000.000.000.002-Propanol0.000.000.000.000.000.0018.200.000.000.000.000.000.020.000.060.003.073.071.040.001-Propanol0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.001-Butanol0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Formaldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.00124.37111.950.600.873.762.880.770.001.950.751.761.760.000.00Acetaldehyde0.250.120.070.140.060.1956.7751.230.470.381.352.040.660.000.670.380.090.090.000.00Acrolein0.000.000.000.000.000.0011.358.160.020.040.090.150.000.310.000.450.000.000.000.00Acetone0.000.040.001.530.160.00122.75116.358.487.480.000.000.000.000.002.820.000.000.000.00Propionaldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.0011.9011.430.250.220.140.140.110.000.000.100.000.000.000.00Crotonaldehyde0.000.000.000.110.000.003.616.230.000.090.010.010.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.00Isobutyraldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.004.582.760.090.070.020.020.000.050.000.030.000.000.000.00MEK0.000.000.000.000.000.004.582.760.090.070.020.020.000.050.000.030.000.000.000.00Benzaldehyde0.000.000.000.020.000.004.073.340.170.060.220.540.340.000.090.710.960.960.000.00Isovaleraldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.002.662.110.010.010.090.180.000.000.000.000.050.050.000.00Valeraldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.003.863.610.090.050.060.060.040.000.000.030.000.000.000.00o-Tolualdehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.001.370.780.010.020.000.000.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00m/p-Tolualdehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.003.603.350.270.170.250.400.520.000.110.040.000.000.000.00Hexanaldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.001.060.860.070.000.140.150.010.000.040.000.000.000.000.00Dimethylbenzaldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.003.140.100.070.010.000.000.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Nominal Limit of Detection0.600.600.600.600.600.601.771.770.770.770.010.010.010.010.010.010.600.600.600.60Footnotes: Negative values aredue to background subtractionZero is reported if measurement is below the blank valueREPORT 03.13062 

### E-2TABLE E-2. ENGINE B CARBONYLS AND ALCOHOLSmg/hp-hrFTP-w-1FTP-w-2FTP-w-3FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2FTP-wo-3CARBX-1CARBX-2CARBZ-1CARBZ-216-hour-1a16-hour-1b16-hour-2a16-hour-2b16-hour-3a16-hour-3b TB-1 TB-2 TB-3 TB-4Methanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 -0.150.00 -0.17 -0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Ethanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.22 -0.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.16-0.11 0.12 -0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002-Propanol -1.74 -0.25 0.00 4.75 -0.45 -0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 -0.20 0.00 0.17 -0.060.00 0.00 0.00 0.001-Propanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001-Butanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Formaldehyde 0.92 0.54 0.54 0.30 0.16 0.22 13.88 16.77 0.33 0.39 0.47 1.07 1.01 0.94 1.06 1.20 1.19 1.44 0.43 0.61Acetaldehyde 0.35 0.18 0.18 0.10 0.01 0.04 5.31 6.25 0.14 0.10 0.16 0.26 0.33 0.28 0.00 0.40 0.16 0.21 0.20 0.25Acrolein 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.000.00 0.77 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.24 0.18 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.00Acetone 0.00 0.00 -0.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.18 -0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.41 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00Propionaldehyde 0.00 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.03 0.61 -0.01 -0.01 0.020.03 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00Crotonaldehyde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 -0.44 -0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.00Isobutyraldehyde -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.28 0.23 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00-0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00MEK -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.28 0.23 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.000.05 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00Benzaldehyde 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.17 -0.01 -0.01 0.49 0.24 0.03 0.03 0.33 0.380.26 0.09 0.17 0.180.04 0.09 0.09 0.03Isovaleraldehyde 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.03 0.000.00 0.00 0.11 0.00Valeraldehyde -0.03 -0.03 0.00 0.120.04 -0.01 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.01 0.09 0.00o-Tolualdehyde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.08 0.00 0.00 -0.05 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01m/p-Tolualdehyde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.380.22 0.07 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.050.08 0.00 0.11 0.06 0.00Hexanaldehyde 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 -0.01 0.01 -0.04 0.030.00 0.04 0.02 0.04Dimethylbenzaldehyde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.13 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01-0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00Nominal Limit of Detection0.600.600.600.600.600.601.771.770.770.770.010.010.010.010.010.010.600.600.600.60Footnotes: Negative values aredue to background subtractionZero is reported if measurement is below the blank valueREPORT 03.13062 

### E-3TABLE E-3. ENGINE C CARBONYLS AND ALCOHOLSmg/hp-hrFTP-w-1FTP-w-2FTP-w-3FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2FTPwo-3CARBX-1CARBX-2CARBZ-1CARBZ-216-hour-1a16-hour-1b16-hour-2a16-hour-2b16-hour-3a16-hour-3b TB-1 TB-2 TB-3 TB-4Methanol1.150.180.680.090.430.90N/AN/AN/AN/A-0.020.120.210.200.850.10 0.000.590.840.49Ethanol1.440.890.000.000.190.31N/AN/AN/AN/A-0.030.090.240.140.21-0.05 0.000.000.000.502-Propanol1.851.35-0.480.040.430.94N/AN/AN/AN/A-0.150.02-0.120.010.31-0.05 0.000.181.240.471-Propanol0.000.000.000.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.001-Butanol0.000.000.000.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.00Formaldehyde0.910.560.180.190.070.09N/AN/AN/AN/A1.653.776.268.280.21-0.130.790.000.420.00Acetaldehyde0.290.250.100.140.020.04N/AN/AN/AN/A0.290.501.602.140.070.010.080.000.200.03Acrolein0.000.000.000.100.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.050.02-5.730.11-0.010.000.060.000.010.00Acetone1.250.040.000.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A-0.620.000.000.510.000.000.005.460.000.00Propionaldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.02-3.760.000.040.000.000.030.470.060.00Crotonaldehyde-0.19-0.19-0.190.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.000.000.00-0.050.000.000.000.000.040.00Isobutyraldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A-0.010.000.050.160.00-0.020.030.000.010.00MEK0.000.000.000.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A-0.010.000.050.160.00-0.020.030.000.010.00Benzaldehyde0.200.000.000.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.080.050.180.07-0.010.000.370.110.090.00Isovaleraldehyde0.000.000.000.100.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.000.020.000.010.000.000.180.000.110.00Valeraldehyde0.080.17-0.040.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A-0.080.08-0.020.050.010.010.000.130.090.00o-Tolualdehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.030.000.00m/p-Tolualdehyde0.540.330.090.000.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.020.080.000.060.000.000.000.170.060.00Hexanaldehyde0.070.000.000.20-0.01-0.01N/AN/AN/AN/A0.030.05-0.030.010.04-0.020.000.000.020.00Dimethylbenzaldehyde0.000.000.000.280.000.00N/AN/AN/AN/A0.000.000.000.030.000.000.000.170.010.00Nominal Limit of Detection0.600.600.600.600.600.601.771.770.770.770.010.010.010.010.010.010.600.600.600.60Footnotes: Negative values aredue to background subtractionZero is reported if measurement is below the blank valueREPORT 03.13062 

### E-4TABLE E-4. ENGINE D CARBONLYS AND ALCOHOLSmg/hp-hrFTP-w-1FTP-w-2FTP-w-3FTP-wo-1FTP-wo-2FTPwo-3CARBX-1CARBX-2CARBZ-1CARBZ-216-hour-1a16-hour-1b16-hour-2a16-hour-2b16-hour-3a16-hour-3bTB-1 TB-2 TB-3Methanol0.460.350.39-0.11-0.100.574.784.01-0.04-0.050.02-0.030.000.010.05-0.060.320.440.60Ethanol0.000.000.470.520.340.180.892.97-0.03-0.060.08-0.020.310.210.03-0.040.410.000.002-Propanol0.240.000.86-0.761.110.086.82-7.81-0.160.160.090.01-0.01-0.020.050.020.290.570.421-Propanol0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.001-Butanol0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Formaldehyde0.350.400.370.470.330.3257.9129.58-0.290.441.781.361.311.283.670.350.520.360.35Acetaldehyde0.160.160.15-0.160.01-0.0420.6410.81-0.200.210.610.190.470.461.250.460.200.330.11Acrolein0.030.000.000.000.000.004.402.69-0.010.000.060.130.030.080.190.070.040.000.00Acetone0.000.000.000.000.000.0010.640.68-0.070.070.000.000.000.000.170.000.000.000.00Propionaldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.002.131.510.000.000.010.000.010.000.00-0.090.010.010.18Crotonaldehyde0.000.000.000.010.01-0.086.123.87-0.04-0.040.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Isobutyraldehyde0.250.280.310.000.000.000.980.53-0.020.080.060.030.170.040.000.000.000.060.59MEK0.240.29-0.080.000.000.000.990.53-0.030.080.070.040.170.040.000.000.000.060.00Benzaldehyde0.060.01-0.030.150.310.241.810.630.000.030.000.000.020.000.000.000.000.110.00Isovaleraldehyde0.010.040.040.000.000.000.500.62-0.01-0.01-0.010.000.00-0.010.02-0.010.030.020.00Valeraldehyde-0.050.03-0.01-0.02-0.03-0.040.790.92-0.030.050.000.060.000.060.000.000.000.120.00o-Tolualdehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.001.200.680.000.00-0.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.040.00m/p-Tolualdehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.000.760.150.000.000.050.030.000.090.090.000.000.040.00Hexanaldehyde0.020.000.000.020.000.000.320.030.000.000.000.010.01-0.020.000.000.000.040.00Dimethylbenzaldehyde0.000.000.000.000.000.001.110.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.110.00Nominal Limit of Detection0.600.600.600.600.600.601.771.770.770.770.010.010.010.010.010.010.600.600.60Footnotes: Negative values aredue to background subtractionZero is reported if measurement is below the blank valueREPORT 03-13062 

## APPENDIX F

NITROSAMINESREPORT 03.13062 

### F-1TABLE F-1. ENGINE A NITROSAMINESNDMA NDMAU NDEA NDEAU NDPA NDPAU NNMUR NNMURU NDBA NDBAU NPPD NPPDU NPYR NPYRU NMRP NMRPUμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrFTP-w-1 0.0 3.1 0.0 2.6 0.0 1.3 0.0 31.5 0.0 8.4 0.0 4.4 0.0 5.4 0.0 17.1FTP-w-2 0.0 3.2 3.9 2.6 0.0 1.3 0.0 31.8 0.0 8.5 0.0 4.5 0.0 5.5 0.0 17.3FTP-w-3 0.0 3.3 3.7 2.7 0.0 1.3 0.0 32.7 0.0 8.7 0.0 4.6 0.0 5.6 0.0 17.7FTP-wo-2 0.0 3.4 0.0 2.8 0.0 1.4 0.0 34.5 0.0 9.2 0.0 4.8 0.0 5.9 0.0 18.7FTP-wo-3 0.0 3.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 1.2 0.0 30.5 0.0 8.1 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.2 0.0 16.6FTP-wo-4 4.6 3.1 0.0 2.5 0.0 1.2 0.0 30.7 0.0 8.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.3 0.0 16.7CARBX-1 15.2 20.9 43.7 17.6 22.8 9.7 0.0 209.9 0.0 56.0 0.0 29.4 0.0 36.1 0.0 114.0CARBX-2 0.0 20.8 0.0 17.1 0.0 8.5 0.0 209.4 0.0 55.9 0.0 29.4 0.0 36.0 0.0 113.7CARBZ-1 5.6 2.2 3.8 1.8 0.0 0.9 0.0 22.2 0.0 5.9 0.0 3.1 0.0 3.8 0.0 12.1CARBZ-2 3.0 2.3 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 23.0 0.0 6.1 0.0 3.2 0.0 4.0 0.0 12.516-Hour-1 24.3 2.5 1.8 1.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 21.2 0.0 5.7 0.0 3.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 11.516-Hour-2 22.9 2.4 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 21.3 0.0 5.7 2.0 3.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 11.616-Hour-3 21.3 2.4 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 21.1 0.0 5.6 0.0 3.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 11.4TB-1 0.0 3.2 0.0 2.6 0.0 1.3 0.0 31.9 0.0 8.5 0.0 4.5 0.0 5.5 0.0 17.3TB-2 0.0 3.2 5.6 2.6 0.0 1.3 0.0 31.9 0.0 8.5 0.0 4.5 0.0 5.5 16.5 17.3TB-3 0.0 3.2 2.2 2.6 0.0 1.3 0.0 31.9 0.0 8.5 0.0 4.5 0.0 5.5 0.0 17.3TB-4 0.0 3.2 0.0 2.6 0.0 1.3 0.0 31.9 0.0 8.5 0.0 4.5 0.0 5.5 0.0 17.3u is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionTB emissions is based on the FTP transient cycle informationREPORT 03.13062 

### F-2TABLE F-2. ENGINEBNITROSAMINESNDMA NDMAU NDEA NDEAU NDPA NDPAU NNMUR NNMURU NDBA NDBAU NPPD NPPDU NPYR NPYRU NMRP NMRPUμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrFTP-w-1 3.1 2.7 3.3 2.2 0.0 1.1 0.0 27.1 0.0 7.2 0.0 3.8 0.0 4.7 0.0 14.7FTP-w-2 0.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 25.2 0.0 6.7 2.8 3.5 0.0 4.3 0.0 13.7FTP-w-3 1.3 2.4 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 24.4 0.0 6.5 0.0 3.4 0.0 4.2 0.0 13.3FTP-wo-2 0.0 2.6 3.2 2.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 26.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.5 0.0 14.1FTP-wo-3 0.0 2.6 3.3 2.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 26.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.5 0.0 14.1FTP-wo-4 0.0 2.6 2.6 2.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 26.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.5 0.0 14.1CARBX-1 0.0 11.9 8.7 9.8 0.0 4.9 0.0 119.9 0.0 32.0 0.0 16.8 0.0 20.6 0.0 65.1CARBX-2 0.0 11.8 0.0 9.7 0.0 4.8 0.0 119.0 0.0 31.8 0.0 16.7 0.0 20.5 0.0 64.6CARBZ-1 2.7 1.8 2.5 1.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 17.6 3.7 4.7 0.0 2.5 0.0 3.0 0.0 9.6CARBZ-2 3.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 18.4 0.0 4.9 0.0 2.6 0.0 3.2 0.0 10.016-Hour-1 15.4 2.4 5.0 1.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 22.8 0.0 6.1 0.0 3.2 0.0 3.9 0.0 12.416-Hour-2 13.3 2.4 5.7 1.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 22.7 0.0 6.1 0.0 3.2 0.0 3.9 0.0 12.316-Hour-3 11.5 2.3 4.7 1.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 22.7 0.0 6.1 0.0 3.2 0.0 3.9 0.0 12.3TB-1 0.0 2.6 3.1 2.1 0.0 1.0 0.0 25.8 0.0 6.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.4 0.0 14.0TB-2 0.0 2.6 2.7 2.1 0.0 1.0 0.0 25.8 0.0 6.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.4 0.0 14.0TB-3 0.0 2.6 1.2 2.1 0.0 1.0 0.0 25.8 0.0 6.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.4 0.0 14.0TB-4 0.0 2.6 0.0 2.1 0.0 1.0 22.6 27.1 0.0 6.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.4 0.0 14.0u is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionTB emissions is based on the FTP transient cycle informationREPORT 03.13062 

### F-3TABLE F-3. ENGINE C NITROSAMINESNDMA NDMAU NDEA NDEAU NDPA NDPAU NNMUR NNMURU NDBA NDBAU NPPD NPPDU NPYR NPYRU NMRP NMRPUμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrFTP-w-1 84.9 139.1 0.0 113.7 0.0 56.9 0.0 1416.0 0.0 372.8 0.0 195.9 0.0 240.1 0.0 758.2FTP-w-2 61.4 159.2 0.0 130.2 0.0 65.1 0.0 1621.8 0.0 426.9 0.0 224.3 0.0 275.0 0.0 868.3FTP-w-3 74.3 154.1 0.0 126.1 0.0 63.0 0.0 1569.8 0.0 413.2 0.0 217.1 0.0 266.2 0.0 840.5FTP-wo-2 88.6 172.4 0.0 141.0 116.3 74.3 0.0 1755.5 0.0 462.1 0.0 242.8 0.0 297.6 0.0 939.9FTP-wo-3 51.4 160.0 0.0 130.9 0.0 65.5 0.0 1630.1 0.0 429.1 0.0 225.5 0.0 276.4 0.0 872.8FTP-wo-4 98.2 160.9 0.0 131.6 0.0 65.8 0.0 1638.7 0.0 431.4 0.0 226.7 0.0 277.8 0.0 877.4CARBX-1 160.2 311.7 0.0 254.9 721.0 196.0 0.0 3173.9 0.0 835.5 0.0 439.0 0.0 538.1 0.0 1699.4CARBX-2 58.6 304.0 0.0 248.7 468.9 157.9 0.0 3096.4 0.0 815.1 0.0 428.3 0.0 525.0 0.0 1657.9CARBZ-1 29.9 31.1 0.0 25.4 0.0 12.7 0.0 315.8 0.0 83.1 0.0 43.7 0.0 53.5 0.0 169.1CARBZ-2 24.4 29.2 0.0 23.9 38.5 14.4 0.0 297.3 0.0 78.3 0.0 41.1 0.0 50.4 0.0 159.216-Hour-1 98.4 278.5 0.0 227.8 0.0 113.9 0.0 2797.2 0.0 746.8 35.8 392.4 0.0 481.0 0.0 1518.816-Hour-2 30.8 8.1 0.0 6.4 0.0 3.2 0.0 79.0 0.0 21.1 0.0 11.1 0.0 13.6 0.0 42.916-Hour-3 170.8 12.5 1.7 4.8 0.0 2.4 0.0 59.4 0.0 15.8 0.0 8.3 0.0 10.2 0.0 32.2TB-1 39.3 81.4 0.0 66.6 0.0 33.3 0.0 829.4 0.0 218.3 0.0 114.7 0.0 140.6 0.0 444.1TB-2 40.9 115.7 0.0 94.7 0.0 47.3 0.0 1178.7 0.0 310.3 0.0 163.0 0.0 199.8 0.0 631.1TB-3 81.9 10.5 2.0 7.4 1.2 3.7 0.0 91.4 27.5 24.6 0.0 12.8 0.0 15.7 0.0 49.6u is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionTB emissions is based on the FTP transient CycleREPORT 03.13062 

### F-4TABLE F-4. ENGINE D NITROSAMINESNDMA NDMAU NDEA NDEAU NDPA NDPAU NNMUR NNMURU NDBA NDBAU NPPD NPPDU NPYR NPYRU NMRP NMRPUμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrμg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hr μg/hp-hrFTP-w-1 0.0 32.6 0.0 26.7 0.0 13.3 0.0 334.7 0.0 87.5 0.0 46.0 0.0 56.3 0.0 177.9FTP-w-2 0.0 33.2 0.0 27.1 0.0 13.6 308.1 349.3 0.0 89.0 0.0 46.7 0.0 57.3 0.0 180.9FTP-w-3 22.5 36.9 10.7 30.2 8.3 15.2 0.0 380.0 0.0 98.9 0.0 52.0 0.0 63.7 0.0 201.1FTP-wo-2 26.1 38.7 22.4 31.8 0.0 15.8 0.0 398.3 0.0 103.8 0.0 54.5 0.0 66.8 0.0 211.0FTP-wo-3 0.0 90.5 0.0 74.1 0.0 37.0 692.6 949.6 0.0 242.8 0.0 127.6 0.0 156.4 0.0 493.8FTP-wo-4 0.0 91.6 64.8 75.2 0.0 37.5 317.9 951.9 0.0 245.6 0.0 129.1 0.0 158.2 0.0 499.6CARBX-1 0.0 439.1 324.6 360.7 0.0 179.6 1044.4 4554.2 0.0 1177.6 0.0 618.7 0.0 758.5 0.0 2395.2CARBX-2 0.0 468.1 496.5 386.0 0.0 191.5 2256.8 4878.4 0.0 1255.4 0.0 659.6 0.0 808.6 0.0 2553.3CARBZ-1 0.0 60.2 0.0 49.3 0.0 24.6 0.0 616.3 0.0 161.5 0.0 84.8 0.0 104.0 0.0 328.4CARBZ-2 0.0 56.0 0.0 45.8 0.0 22.9 0.0 570.5 0.0 150.2 0.0 78.9 0.0 96.7 0.0 305.416-Hour-1 15.7 2.7 2.9 2.0 0.7 1.0 0.0 25.1 0.0 6.6 0.0 3.5 0.0 4.2 0.0 13.416-Hour-2 32.6 3.5 2.6 2.1 0.7 1.1 0.0 26.1 0.0 6.9 0.0 3.6 0.0 4.4 0.0 14.016-Hour-3 14.9 2.8 3.3 2.2 1.0 1.1 0.0 26.4 0.0 7.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 4.5 5.3 14.2TB-1 0.0 88.7 0.0 72.6 0.0 36.3 0.0 909.2 0.0 238.0 0.0 125.0 0.0 153.3 0.0 484.0TB-2 0.0 93.5 0.0 76.5 0.0 38.3 0.0 952.8 0.0 250.8 0.0 131.8 0.0 161.6 0.0 510.2TB-3 0.0 648.0 0.0 530.2 0.0 265.1 7010.6 6892.8 0.0 1737.9 0.0 913.1 0.0 1119.3 0.0 3534.8u is designated for measurement uncertainty or limit of detectionTB emissions is based on the FTP transient cycle information