# Patent

## Title
Speech recognition device to mark parts of a recognized text

## Abstract

In a transcription device (1) for transcribing a spoken text (GT) into a recognized text (ET) and for editing incorrectly recognized parts of the recognized text (ET), marking means (12, 15, 17) are provided that are arranged for the partly automatic and partly manual marking of parts of the spoken text (GT) and/or of the recognized text (ET) that have a common characteristic. As a result, subsequent unified processing of marked parts of the text that have common characteristics becomes possible.

## Background
The invention relates to a transcription device for transcribing a spoken text into a recognized text and for editing incorrectly recognized parts of the recognized text, wherein link information for each part of the spoken text flags the associated recognized text.
The invention further relates to a method of transcription for transcribing a spoken text into a recognized text and for editing incorrectly recognized parts of the recognized text, wherein link information for each part of the spoken text flags the associated recognized text.
A transcription device of this kind and a method of transcription of this kind are known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,031,113, in which a dictating device is disclosed. The known dictating device is formed by a computer, which runs speech recognition software and text processing software. A user of the known dictating device can speak a spoken text into a microphone connected to the computer. The speech recognition software, which forms a transcription device, performs a method of transcription and in so doing allocates a recognized word to each spoken word of the spoken text, as a result of which a recognized text is obtained for the spoken text. Also, as part of the method of transcription, link information is determined that flags the word of the recognized text that was recognized for each spoken word of the spoken text.
Known dictation devices also contain marking means for the automatic determination and storage of marking information. One or more words of the recognized text may be recognized, for example, as a command in this case, which command is, for example, to be carried out in formatting the recognized text. Thus the sequence of words “. . . next word bold . . . ” in the recognized text could be interpreted as a command for formatting the word that follows in the recognized text. These known marking means are arranged for the automatic determination and storage of command marking information that marks those sequences of words in the recognized text that have the common characteristic that they can be used as commands for formatting a word of the recognized text.
The known dictation device also runs text processing software and thus forms a correction device with which incorrectly recognized words can be edited. For this purpose a user of the correction device can activate a synchronous reproduction mode of the correction device, in which the spoken text is reproduced acoustically, and synchronously with this the words of the recognized text flagged by the link information are highlighted (i.e. marked) visually. The synchronous reproduction mode has proved in practice to be particularly advantageous for the correction of text recognized by the speech recognition device.
It has been found in practice that many users have difficulty remembering the correct sequence of words for a command. They therefore say, for example “. . . next word should be bold . . . ” but the marking means do not recognize this sequence of words as a command and therefore do not mark it. When correcting this recognized text the user must therefore delete the entire sequence of words from the recognized text and format the word following the sequence manually, which is very time-consuming. There is also a disadvantage that arises in connection with the synchronous reproduction mode, namely that after the recognized text has been corrected in this way the link information for the spoken text of this sequence of words, which have been deleted from the recognized text, either points to incorrect words in the recognized text or does not point to any words at all in it, which causes errors in any subsequent synchronous reproduction and is confusing for the user.
It is an object of the invention to provide a transcription device of the kind defined in the first paragraph above and a method of transcription of the kind defined in the second paragraph above in which the disadvantages described above are avoided.
To achieve the object indicated above, features according to the invention are provided in a transcription device of this kind, such that the transcription device can be characterized in the manner detailed below.
A transcription device for transcribing a spoken text into a recognized text and for editing incorrectly recognized parts of the recognized text, wherein link information for each part of the spoken text flags the associated recognized text,

    having speech recognition means for transcribing the received spoken text into the recognized text and for producing the link information, and
    having memory means for storing the spoken text, the recognized text and the link information, and
    having marking means for automatically determining marking information and for storing the marking information determined in the memory means, which marking information flags parts of the recognized text and/or of the spoken text that have a particular characteristic common to all the marked parts of the text, wherein the marking means have input means for the manual entry of the marking information, to allow further parts of the recognized or spoken text that also have this common characteristic to be marked with this marking information, and
    having processing means for unified processing of marked parts of the text.


To achieve the object indicated above, features according to the invention are provided in a method of transcription of the above kind, such that the method of transcription can be characterized in the manner detailed below.
A method of transcription for transcribing a spoken text into a recognized text and for editing incorrectly recognized parts of the recognized text,
wherein link information for each part of the spoken text flags the associated recognized text, and
wherein the following steps are performed:


    transcription of the received spoken text into the recognized text and production of the link information; storage of the spoken text, the recognized text and the link information;
    automatic determination of marking information and storage of the marking information determined, which marking information flags parts of the recognized text and/or of the spoken text that have a particular characteristic common to all the marked parts of the text;
    manual entry of the marking information to allow further parts of the recognized or spoken text that also have this common characteristic to be marked with this marking information; and
    unified processing of marked parts of the text.


The features according to the invention achieve that a user is able to manually mark parts of the recognized text and/or spoken text with the same marking information with which certain other parts of the recognized text may have been marked automatically previously. In a subsequent processing operation, these automatically or manually marked parts of the text that have a common characteristic can be processed in a unified way by processing means. The common characteristics of marked parts of the text may be in this case, for example: the marked sequence of words in the recognized text is allocated to a command or flagged as a header; the marked parts of the recognized text are allocated by the link information to parts of the spoken text that contain a hesitating sound, pause, unclear parts of the spoken text or a redundant part of the text such as repeated words.
As a result the advantage is obtained that parts of the text that have already been marked automatically can be supplemented with manual markings, so that all the marked parts of the spoken text and/or recognized text that have a particular characteristic can be processed in a unified way in a subsequent processing operation. Thus, for example, all the parts of the text that are recognized with difficulty by the speech recognition means—i.e. probably with a large number of errors in recognition—and all the parts of the text that are manually recognized as difficult by a correcting person in the synchronous reproduction mode can be marked in a unified manner, in order to refer the author of the spoken text to these marked parts of the text for checking purposes. In the same way, different sequences of words can be marked with the same command marking information as the marking means have already used to automatically mark a sequence of words to which a command is allocated, as a result of which the command is also allocated to these manually marked parts of the text.
The provisions of claim 2 offer the advantage that parts of the text that have been marked automatically and also manually can be evaluated for parameter adaptation, by which parameter adaptation the quality of the recognized text can be improved. Also, a sequence of words in the recognized text can be allocated to a command by manual marking with the command marking information, which sequence of words is then added to the set of commands in the marking means in the course of the adaptation and will be marked automatically next time.
The provisions of claim 3 and claim 10 offer the advantage that, for example, all the parts of the text that are automatically and also manually marked as a hesitating sound are not acoustically reproduced in the synchronous reproduction mode and are hidden during the optical reproduction of the recognized text. As a result the recognized text can be corrected considerably more efficiently, since time is saved during the acoustic reproduction and the user can concentrate on the important parts of the recognized text.
The provisions of claim 4 and claim 11 offer the advantage that those parts of the recognized text and/or of the spoken text that have been acoustically reproduced and visually marked at least once when the synchronous reproduction mode was activated are automatically marked with reproduction marking information by the marking means. To make correction easier, the transcription device is thus advantageously able, in the course of the synchronous reproduction of parts of the text already marked with the reproduction marking information, to reproduce acoustically all the hesitating sounds and repeated words, for example. As a result a user of the correction device according to the invention can correct the recognized text considerably more efficiently.
The provisions of claim 5 offer the advantage that a replacement text is displayed at the position in the recognized text at which marked parts of the text that have been suppressed are situated. It is particularly advantageous if this replacement information flags the characteristic of the marked part of the text that has been suppressed.
The provisions of claim 6 offer the advantage that a user can in a simple way select the manner of displaying the recognized text that is more advantageous at the time.
The provisions of claim 7 offer the advantage that it is possible to switch to a further advantageous manner of displaying text modules.
The provisions of claim 8 and claim 12 offer the advantage that parts of the text that have a plurality of characteristics can be marked with appropriate, different items of marking information. A part of the text may be marked, for example, as a header and comprise a hesitating sound. In this case the hesitating sound would be marked both with header marking information and also with hesitating sound marking information and would thus be edited during both during subsequent editing of the headers in the spoken and recognized texts and during editing of the hesitating sounds in these texts.



The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, which show a single embodiment but to which the invention is not limited.
FIG. 1 shows a transcription device for transcribing a spoken text into a recognized text, wherein a correction device is provided for correcting the recognized text.
FIG. 2 shows, in symbolic form, a spoken text, a corresponding text recognized by the transcription device, and link information that flags the associated segment of the recognized text for each audio segment of the spoken text.
FIG. 3 shows a command table stored in a command memory stage of the transcription device.
FIG. 4 shows a marking table stored in memory means of the transcription device.
FIG. 5 shows, in symbolic form, five examples of a text spoken by a user of the transcription device.
FIG. 6 shows, in symbolic form, the text that is recognized by the speech recognition means of the transcription device for the five examples of spoken text, where parts of the recognized text have been marked automatically by a first marking stage of the speech recognition means and a user has marked further parts of the text manually with a second marking stage.
FIG. 7 shows, in symbolic form, the texts displayed by the correction device of the transcription device for the five examples, where both the automatically and the manually marked texts of the recognized text are displayed as replacement texts.
FIG. 8 shows, in symbolic form, the text displayed by the correction device when all the replacement texts for marked parts of the text are suppressed.
FIG. 9 shows, in symbolic form, which parts of the text are reproduced during the first and a subsequent second synchronous reproduction of the spoken and recognized text.



FIG. 1 shows a transcription device 1 for transcribing a spoken text GT into a recognized text ET and for editing parts of the recognized text ET that were not correctly recognized. The transcription device 1 is formed by a first computer, which runs speech recognition software and forms a speech recognition device 2, and by a second and a third computer, which second and third computers each run text processing software and form a first correction device 3 and a second correction device 4 to correct parts of the text that have not been correctly recognized. It may be mentioned that a transcription device according to invention could also be formed by only one computer forming both a speech recognition device and a correction device, which computer would then have to run both the speech recognition software and the text processing software.
Connected to the first computer forming the speech recognition device 2 is a microphone 5 from which an audio signal A representing the spoken text GT can be emitted. The speech recognition device 2 contains an A/D converter 6, speech recognition means 7, memory means 8, parameter memory means 9, command memory means 10, and an adapting stage 11. The audio signal A emitted by the microphone 5 can be fed to the A/D converter 6, which converts the audio signal A into digital audio data AD.
The audio data AD representing the spoken text GT can be fed to the speech recognition means 7 and can be stored thereby in the memory means 8. When the speech recognition process is being performed by the speech recognition means 7, the speech recognition means 7 are arranged to determine the recognized text ET, parameter information PI stored in the parameter memory means 9 being taken into consideration in so doing. The parameter information PI in this case contains vocabulary information, language model information, and acoustic information.
The vocabulary information contains all words that can be recognized by the speech recognition means 7 plus associated phoneme sequences. The language model information contains statistical information relating to word sequences that are usual in the language of the spoken text GT. The acoustic information contains information about the special features of the pronunciation of a user of the transcription device 1 and about acoustic characteristics of the microphone 5 and the A/D converter 6.
The disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 5,031,113 is deemed to be incorporated into the disclosure of the present patent by reference, and since the performance of a speech recognition process in the light of parameter information PI of this kind is disclosed in said U.S. patent, a detailed description thereof will not be given here. The result of the speech recognition process is that text data containing the recognized text ET can be stored in the memory means 8 by the speech recognition means 7.
During the performance of the speech recognition process, link information LI, which flags the associated text ET that is recognized by the speech recognition means 7 for each part of the spoken text GT, can also be determined by the speech recognition means 7. The production of the link information LI is likewise disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,031,113, for which reason it is not discussed in detail here.
In FIG. 2, a text GT spoken by an author—that is to say by a user of the speech recognition device 2—into the microphone 5 is shown in symbolic form along a time axis t. The text ET recognized for this spoken text GT by the speech recognition means 7 is also shown. As the speech recognition process is being performed, the spoken text GT is divided into audio segments AS that contain the associated acoustic information. Associated acoustic information of this kind may be, for example, a word, a longish speech pause between two words, a so-called hesitating sound such as “aah” or “mm”, or a noise.
The link information LI flags the beginning and end of each audio segment AS of the spoken text GT and of the associated segment TS of the recognized text ET. A first audio segment AS1, for example, contains the acoustic information, lasting 1.5 seconds, for the first word “The” of a spoken text GT, and a first text segment TS1 allocated by the link information LI contains the text of the word “The” that was recognized by the speech recognition means 7.
The command memory stage 10 stores sequences of words that are recognized by the speech recognition device 2 as commands. Part of a command table BT stored in the command memory stage 10 is shown in FIG. 3. Through reference to the command table BT the speech recognition means 7 recognize the sequence of words “next word bold”, for example, as a command for the next word in the recognized text ET to be shown in bold. A command number BI12 is assigned to this command in the command table BT. The sequence of words “insert text of module 1” is likewise recognized as a command, in this case for a standard text from a text module stored at a memory location in position “2341” in the command memory stage 10 to be inserted into the recognized text ET.
The speech recognition means 7 further comprise a first marking stage 12, which is arranged for the automatic determination of different items of marking information MI and for storing the items of marking information MI so determined in the memory means 8, which items of marking information MI flag parts of the recognized text ET and of the spoken text GT that have a certain characteristic common to all the parts of the text so marked. The word “automatic” is to be understood in this context as meaning “without any action by the user of the transcription device 1”. The first marking stage 12 is arranged for the automatic marking of longish speech pauses with pause marking information PMI, of hesitating sounds with hesitating sound marking information HMI, of commands with command marking information CMI, of repeated words with repetition marking information RMI, of dates with date marking information DMI, and of noises with noise marking information GMI.
FIG. 4 shows a marking table MT stored in the memory means 8, in which table items of marking information MI automatically determined by the first marking stage 12 are entered by the first marking stage 12. For the automatic marking of commands in the recognized text ET, the first marking stage 12 compares the word sequences contained in the command table BT with the word sequences contained in the recognized text ET. When a word sequence contained in the command table BT is found in the recognized text ET, then the first marking stage 12 enters those text segments TS of the recognized text ET that identify this sequence of words, plus the associated command number BI, in the marking table MT as command marking information CMI. This is described in greater detail below with reference to an application example.
It may be mentioned that, rather than identifying certain text segments TS of the recognized text ET in the marking table MT, it would also be possible for the appropriate audio segments AS of the spoken text GT to be entered in each case. The audio segments AS and the text segments TS associated in each case can be determined with the aid of the link information LI.
The speech recognition means 7 are arranged to recognize pauses in speech (silence) between two words and the first marking stage 12 is arranged to automatically mark corresponding audio segments AS of the spoken text GT with the pause marking information PMI in the marking table MT.
The first marking stage 12 is arranged to compare hesitating sounds (e.g. “aah” or “mhh”) stored in the first marking stage 12 with words contained in the recognized text ET and to automatically mark text segments TS of the recognized text ET containing such hesitating sounds with the hesitating sound marking information ZMI.
The first marking stage 12 is also arranged to automatically mark audio segments AS of the spoken text GT with the noise marking information GMI if these audio segments AS contain noises and/or sounds. For this purpose the marking stage 12 contains a noise detector that is able to differentiate noises and/or sounds from audio segments containing words.
For marking repeated words in the recognized text ET with the repetition marking information RMI, the first marking stage 12 is arranged to compare words or sequences of words that follow one another in the recognized text ET. The marking table MT also contains the date marking information DMI that is described in greater detail below with reference to application examples.
The first correction device 3 of the transcription device 1 comprises reproduction means 13, which, together with the memory means 8 and the command memory stage 10, are formed by the second computer that runs the text processing software. Also connected to the second computer are a monitor 14, a keyboard 15, and a loudspeaker 16, which are likewise associated with the first correction device 3. The reproduction means 13 are arranged for the acoustic reproduction of the spoken text GT and for the synchronous visual or optical marking of the associated recognized text ET flagged by the link information LI when the synchronous reproduction mode is activated in the first correction device 3.
Correction of recognized text ET in the activated synchronous reproduction mode is again disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,031,113 and has proved to be very advantageous in practice. In this case a corrector—that is to say a user of the first correction device 3 who is correcting the recognized text ET—can at the same time listen to the text GT spoken by the author into the microphone 5 and check or edit the text ET that was recognized for it by the speech recognition means 7. The recognized text ET is optically displayed on the monitor 14 and the word that was recognized by the speech recognition means 7 for the spoken word just reproduced acoustically, is optically marked by the reproduction means 13 and displayed accordingly on the monitor 14. The corrector can activate, interrupt, and deactivate the synchronous reproduction mode and edit the recognized text ET with the keyboard 15.
The construction of the second correction device 4 is substantially the same as that of the first correction device 3 shown in detail in FIG. 1, for which reason the second correction device 4 is only shown as a block in FIG. 1. The second correction device 4, however, is physically separate from the speech recognition device 2, for which reason the second correction device 4 in addition has memory means and command memory means in which the information stored in the memory means 8 and command memory stage 10 is stored before the recognized text ET corrected with the first correction device 3 is edited.
The second correction device 4 may be used, for example, by a checker—i.e. a user of the second correction device 4—who, after the recognized text ET stored in the memory means 8 has been corrected by the corrector, checks the quality of the work done by the corrector. For this purpose the checker checks to see whether the corrector has missed any errors in the recognized text ET. Such checkers are mainly used by transcription firms, which ensure the quality of the transcribed texts by random checking of corrected recognized texts. This is described in detail with reference to the application examples of the transcription device 1.
The reproduction means 13 of the transcription device 1 further comprise a second marking stage 17 that, together with the keyboard 15 and the first marking stage 12, forms the marking means for automatic and manual marking of parts of the spoken text GT or recognized text ET. With the second marking stage 17, the corrector, when correcting the recognized text ET, has an opportunity to manually mark further parts of the text that were not marked automatically.
This manual marking of parts of the text may on the one hand be used to manually mark parts of the recognized text ET that have the same characteristic as parts of the text that have already been marked automatically, to allow the parameter information PI or the information stored in the command table BT to be adapted with the aid of the adapting stage 11. This adaptation achieves that next time the first marking stage 12 will be able to mark automatically the parts of the text that have been marked manually. In addition the recognition rate of the speech recognition device 2 is improved with each adaptation. As a result the advantage is obtained that the transcription device can reduce the work the corrector has to do more and more with each further use.
This manual marking of parts of the text on the other hand be used to mark parts of the text as deleted, which will then not appear in the recognized text conveyed to the author but nevertheless are not totally deleted. Marking a part of the text as deleted has the advantages that such parts of the text can be re-included in the recognized text at a later stage if necessary, and that the checker can check whether it was correct for these parts of the text to be deleted. However, it is especially advantageous that the connection provided by the link information LI between spoken text GT and recognized text ET remains fully intact, since no part of the recognized text ET is actually deleted. Hence, when the synchronous reproduction mode is activated, while parts of the spoken text GT marked as deleted are being acoustically reproduced, a replacement text can be optically marked instead of the deleted part of the text, which is described in detail below.
This supplementation of the automatic marking of parts of the text with the manual marking of parts of the text that have the same characteristic provides the further advantage that the edited recognized text ET can be further edited in a particularly efficient way. Thus, for example, the formatting of all the parts of the recognized text marked as dates can be uniformly amended with particular efficiency, as is described in detail below.
The second marking stage 17 of the marking means is also arranged for storing reproduction marking information WMI in the memory means 8, which reproduction marking information WMI flags those parts of the recognized text ET and/or the spoken text GT that have been reproduced at least once by the reproduction means 13 in the activated synchronous reproduction mode.
As a result, the advantage is obtained that by evaluating the reproduction marking information WMI contained in the marking table MT the reproduction means 13 is able either to mark visually the part of the recognized text ET that has already been corrected once with the aid of the synchronous reproduction mode or to mark acoustically the associated part of the spoken text GT. As a result a user of the correction device according to the invention is able to correct the recognized text considerably more efficiently, which is described in detail below with reference to an application example.
The reproduction means 13 are furthermore arranged to suppress the acoustic reproduction of unwanted parts of the spoken text GT when the synchronous reproduction mode is activated, which unwanted parts are flagged by suppression information stored in the memory means 8. This being the case, the corrector can use the keyboard 15 to set which of the items of marking information MI contained in the marking table MT are to be used as suppression information. The user may, for example, select the pause marking information PMI and the hesitating sound marking information HMI as suppression information, so that the parts of the text thus marked are suppressed when the spoken text GT is played back for the first time. This is described in detail with reference to an application example.
The advantages of the transcription device 1 will now be explained in detail below with reference to the application examples shown in FIGS. 3 to 9. FIG. 5 shows five parts of a text GT spoken by the author into the microphone 5. FIG. 6 shows the text ET recognized by the speech recognition means 7 for the five parts of the spoken text GT, where parts of the recognized text ET have already been automatically marked by the first marking stage 12. Also shown in FIG. 6 are parts of the text marked manually by the corrector with the aid of the second marking stage 17. FIG. 7 shows the recognized text ET in a form in which parts of the text that were marked automatically and manually are shown replaced with replacement texts. FIG. 8 shows the recognized text ET in a form in which all the marked parts of the text have been suppressed, in which form the recognized text ET is conveyed to the author.
In the first example, the author wanted to say the text “. . . company PHILIPS . . . ” into the microphone and at the same time to mark the word “PHILIPS” as bold. However, after the word “company”, the author briefly reflects on what exactly the wording is for the command for bold formatting and as he does so he makes the hesitating sound “aah”, as many authors do. The author then says “bold next”, but as he does so it occurs to him that the correct sequence of words for this command is “next word bold”, for which reason he says “no”. He then says the correct command “next word bold” and continues the text with the word “PHILIPS”.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the speech recognition means 7 recognize the text segment TS3=“aah” for the audio segment AS3 and in the fourth line of the marking table MT the first marking stage 12 automatically marks this hesitating sound with the hesitating sound marking information HMI. Instead of the hesitating sound, the replacement text “<hes>” is shown in FIG. 6, which allows the corrector to see that a hesitating sound has been marked at this point. If, when editing the recognized text ET, the corrector positions a text cursor of the reproduction means 13 on this replacement text, then the hesitating sound recognized by the speech recognition means 7 is displayed. As a result, the advantage is obtained that, when correcting, the corrector can concentrate on the essential parts of the recognized text ET but, if he wants to know what hesitating sound the author made here so that he can correct a word adjacent to the hesitating sound, he is able see this sound at any time.
Also, the speech recognition means 7 have now recognized, for audio segments AS7-AS9, the word sequence “next word bold” formed by text segments TS7-TS9, to which the command having the command number BI12 is assigned in the command table BT. The first marking stage 12 advantageously automatically enters these text segments and this command number in the fourth line of the marking table MT as command marking information CMI. In FIG. 6 the replacement text “<com>” is shown instead of these text segments, as a result of which the aforementioned advantages are obtained. Also, command BI12 is carried out and the word “PHILIPS”, forming the text segment TS10 that was recognized for audio segment AS10, is displayed in bold.
Using keyboard 15 and the second marking stage 17, the corrector now marks text segments TS4 and TS5 as a command having the command number BI12, so that next time the word sequence “bold next” will automatically be recognized as a command by the first marking stage 12. In FIG. 7 this part of the text is likewise represented by the replacement text “<com>” for a command.
Using the command number BI12, the second marking stage 17 enters this word sequence TS4+TS5 in the fifth line of the marking table MT as command marking information CMI. When the adapting mode is activated in the speech recognition device 2, the adapting stage 11 reads the new command marking information CMI from the memory means 8 and makes a further entry in the command table BT for the command having the command number BI12.
This gives the advantage that the corrector can define further word sequences as commands with particular ease and efficiency, which word sequences are taken over by the speech recognition device 2 in the adapting mode. When the speech recognition process is next performed, the word sequence “bold next” will thus automatically be recognized as a command.
By means of keyboard 15 and the second marking stage 17, the corrector now goes on to mark the text segment TS6 “no” as deleted text, because he has seen that the author said this word unintentionally and that it is not to be included in the final text conveyed to the author. The replacement text “<skip>” for this deleted text is shown in FIG. 7.
It may be mentioned that the corrector could also mark text segments TS4-TS6 as deleted text, because the command having the command number BI12 ought not to occur twice.
The manual marking of text segment TS6 as deleted text gives the advantage that the correlation provided by the link information LI will be fully preserved even during a subsequent synchronous reproduction mode performed with for example the second correction device 4, and the synchronous reproduction will thus take place without any errors.
FIG. 8 shows the recognized text “. . . company PHILIPS . . . ” finally conveyed to the author in the first example, which text is what the author really meant in spite of hesitating sounds, one unintentionally spoken word, and a wrong command.
In the second example, the text that the author wants to speak into the microphone 5 is “. . . I fixed the left leg . . . ”, but in this case he reflects after audio segment AS20 and is quiet for three seconds, which is automatically recognized by the first marking stage 12 as a pause and is entered in the marking table MT as pause marking information PMI. The replacement text “<sil>” for this pause for reflection is shown in FIG. 6.
Following the pause, the author repeats the word “I”, which is automatically recognized by the first marking stage 12 as a repeated word and is entered in the marking table MT as repetition marking information RMI. The replacement text “<rep>” for text segment TS22 is shown in FIG. 6.
Following the repeated word, the author says “fixed the left”, then makes another pause for reflection, and finally says “the left leg”. The pause for reflection is again automatically marked by the first marking stage 12, but the repetition of the words “the left” could not be automatically recognized and marked. The corrector now marks text segments TS26-TS28 as repeated words manually, thus causing corresponding repetition marking information RMI to be entered in marking table MT.
FIG. 8 shows the recognized text “. . . the left leg . . . ” finally conveyed to the author in the second example and that is thus what the author really meant in spite of repeated words and pauses for reflection. As result of the manual marking that was performed in addition to the automatic marking, all the repeated words are marked in the recognized text, and with further processing they could, for example, all be suppressed on the display or used for the adapting mode.
In the third example, the text the author wants to say into the microphone 5 is “. . . and company PHILIPS will . . . ”, but he has to sneeze after the word “and”. Audio segment AS51 therefore contains a noise that the author makes when sneezing. The speech recognition means 7 are unable to recognize a word for this audio segment AS51 and because of this the first marking stage 12 automatically marks this audio segment AS51 as noise with noise-marking information GMI and enters it as such in marking table MT. The replacement text “<non sp>” is shown in FIG. 6.
Following his sneeze, the author takes five seconds to find his handkerchief and then blows his nose. Audio segment AS52 in turn is automatically marked as a pause and entered as such in marking table MT. The noise that the author makes when blowing his nose is similar to the noise “tata”, and for this reason the speech recognition means 7 incorrectly recognize the word “that” as text segment TS53.
Advantageously, the corrector, who immediately recognizes this error when the synchronous reproduction mode is activated, is able manually to mark text segment TS53 as noise with the noise-marking information GMI.Tthe advantage is obtained thereby that all the noises in the recognized text ET are in fact marked as such in the third example and can all be processed in the same way during further stages of processing. The noise detector of the first marking stage 12 may, for example, be adapted with these marked parts of the text so that such noises can be recognized automatically in future.
In the fourth example, the author wishes to insert a standard text that is stored as a text module in the command memory stage 10 under the name “module 1” into the recognized text ET while he is actually dictating. For this purpose the author dictates “. . . is the best. Insert text module one. All . . . ”. The text segments TS73-TS76 that are recognized are recognized as a command having the command number BI13 and the replacement text “<module 1>” is shown in FIG. 6.
This gives the advantage that a text module has automatically been inserted in a particularly simple way in the recognized text ET. The corrector or checker can advantageously choose between three types of display in this case. He may see the text that was actually recognized—text segments TS73-TS76—or the replacement text, or the standard text added from the command memory stage 10 that is seen in FIG. 8.
In the fifth example, the text that the author speaks into the microphone 5 is “. . . tenth of October two thousand and one . . . ”. The word sequence that the first marking stage 12 would automatically have recognized and marked as a date would have been “October tenth two thousand and one”. The word sequence that was spoken was not recognized as a date, however, and for this reason the corrector marks text segments TS80-TS86 as a date with the date-marking information DMI.
This gives the advantage that the format of all the parts of the text that have been automatically or manually marked as dates in the recognized text can be altered in a particularly easy and unified way in a subsequent processing operation. For this, the corrector may for example select that all dates marked with the date-marking information DMI are to be shown in the format “MM.DD.YYYY”.
An example of the application of the first correcting device 3 will now be explained with reference to FIG. 9. It is assumed in this example that the corrector activates the synchronous reproduction mode, whereupon the spoken text GT and the recognized text ET are synchronously reproduced for the first time, starting from audio segment AS1 and text segment TS1, respectively. This is symbolically represented by the arrow P1. The corrector has conFig.d the reproduction means 13 in such a way that during the first reproduction the audio segments for those parts of the text that are marked with the pause marking information PMI, the hesitating sound marking information HMI, and the noise marking information GMI are not reproduced acoustically. This allows the corrector to reproduce the spoken text GT particularly quickly and to correct more recognized text ET in the same time.
During reproduction, the reproduction marking information WMI in the marking table MT is continuously updated. The moment the audio segment AS53 (author blows his nose) is just being reproduced acoustically and the text segment TS53 being marked visually, the corrector sees that the word “that” has not been correctly recognized. The position of the text cursor at this time is indicated symbolically in FIG. 9 by P2. However, since the corrector is not sure what ought really to have been recognized, he again activates the synchronous reproduction mode starting from audio segment AS50. This is symbolically indicated in FIG. 9 by the arrow P3.
The reproduction means 13 now recognize from the reproduction marking information WMI entered in the fourth line of marking table MT that audio segments AS1 to AS53 have already been reproduced once in the synchronous reproduction mode and therefore reproduce all the audio segments AS50 to AS53 acoustically. This is symbolically indicated in FIG. 9 by the arrow P4. It is only starting from the reproduction of audio segment S54—see arrow P5—that marked texts (PMI, GMI, HMI) will again be suppressed during the acoustic reproduction.
This gives the advantage that all the audio segments AS of the dictation are reproduced in those passages in the dictation where the corrector needs all the marking information available to enable him to correct the recognized text ET correctly. In other passages, which the corrector can correct by listening to them only once, unnecessary audio segments AS are suppressed.
Similarly, the replacement texts for marked parts of the text may advantageously be displayed when the recognized text ET is reproduced for the first time, and a switch may automatically be made to the text ET actually recognized only when reproduction is repeated.
The automatic marking of parts of the text that have already been reproduced once in the synchronous reproduction mode yields a further outstanding advantage. It is the checker's job to determine by random sampling how well the corrector has corrected a recognized text ET. The reproduction marking information WMI is very helpful to the checker in this respect. This is because the checker can immediately recognize which parts of the text the corrector has checked with the help of the synchronous reproduction mode and which parts of the text he has skipped and therefore possibly not checked at all. The checker can thus make a special check on parts of the text that are not marked with the reproduction marking information WMI to see whether there are any errors in the recognized text ET.
The reproduction marking information WMI is also of advantage if the corrector was interrupted in his work and wants to go on with it at a later point in time. As a result of the acoustic marking (e.g. a continuous tone as the background of the spoken text) or visual marking (e.g. recognized text shown in reverse characters) of the text flagged by the reproduction marking information WMI, the corrector can immediately carry on with his work.
The first correction device 3 also has positioning means 18, which are provided to allow the text cursor marking a text input position to be positioned if the synchronous reproduction mode is interrupted to correct an incorrectly recognized word, the positioning means 18 being arranged to position the text cursor N words upstream of the word that is marked in the recognized text ET at the time when the synchronous reproduction mode is interrupted, if this part of the recognized text has already been marked with the reproduction marking information WMI, and the positioning means 18 being arranged to position the text cursor M words upstream of the word that is marked in the recognized text ET at the time when the synchronous reproduction mode is interrupted, if this part of the recognized text ET has not been marked with the reproduction marking information WMI.
The numbers defined could be, for example, M=3 and N=1, as a result of which allowance would be made for the longer response time of the corrector when an incorrectly recognized word is found in the recognized text ET for the first time. These provisions are particularly advantageous because the text cursor is usually already positioned on the incorrectly recognized word once the synchronous reproduction mode has been interrupted and the time taken to position the text cursor manually can be saved. This will make many other combinations of advantageous values of M and N obvious to those skilled in the art.
It would be particularly advantageous if the positioning means 18 were arranged to be self-teaching. In this case the positioning means 18 would determine the optimum values for N and M from the positioning entries made by the corrector after the synchronous reproduction mode has been interrupted (e.g. text cursor two words forward or five words back) and would continually adapt them to the response time of the user.
The adapting stage 11 may also be used to adapt the parameter information PI stored in the parameter memory means 9. This gives the advantage that the recognition rate of the speech recognition means 7 is steadily improved and fewer errors are contained in the recognized text ET.
As can be seen from the above application examples, individual audio segments or text segments can be marked by one or even more items of marking information MI. This allows the recognized text to be processed in an advantageous manner in so-called levels. This being the case, a hesitating sound contained in a command, for example, may be edited in the same way (e.g., suppressed, deleted, replacement text displayed, recognized text displayed) as all the other parts of the recognized text ET that are marked as hesitating sounds. Nor does this interfere with the editing of the command containing the hesitating sound. If parts of the text are marked with a plurality of items of marking information MI, it thus also becomes possible for these levels to be displayed optically.
It may be mentioned that the automatic and manual marking of texts according to the invention may be carried out with a plurality of different items of marking information MI. Items of marking information MI of this kind may be, for example: AutoPunctuation, Silence, NonSpeech, Noise, Music, Spelling, Hesitation, Insertion, NumberFormatting, DateFormatting, HeaderFormatting, EnumerationFormatting, QuantityFormatting, SelfCorrection, PhraseRepetition, Stutter, Discursiveness, SpellingSequence, RedundantPhrase, NotUnderstood, Remark, Deletion, Command.
It may be mentioned that the marking of parts of the text does not have to be performed as explained above by means of tables, but may alternatively take place in the form of a tree structure. In this case marked text segments that in turn contain further marked text segments would be shown on branches in a form similar to a tree.
It may be mentioned that the automatic marking may even take place while the speech recognition process is being performed instead of afterwards.
It may be mentioned that, for example, all the parts of the text that are only recognized with difficulty by the speech recognition means 7—i.e. probably with a large number of errors in recognition—can be marked automatically by the first marking stage 12, and all the parts of the text that are recognized as difficult by the corrector in the synchronous reproduction mode can be marked manually, in order to alert the checker or the author of the spoken text to these marked parts of the test for checking purposes. This is a particularly advantageous way of passing on information relating to the recognized text.

## Claims

1. A transcription device (1) for transcribing a spoken text (GT) into a recognized text (ET) and for editing incorrectly recognized parts of the recognized text (ET), wherein link information (LI) for each part of the spoken text (GT) flags the associated recognized text (ET),
having speech recognition means (2) for transcribing the received spoken text (GT) into the recognized text (ET) and for producing the link information (LI), and having memory means (8) for storing the spoken text (GT), the recognized text (ET) and the link information (LI) and
having marking means (12, 15, 17) for automatically determining marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) and for storing the marking information determined (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) in the memory means (8), which marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) flags parts of the recognized text (ET) and/or of the spoken text (GT) that have a particular characteristic common to all the marked parts of the text, wherein the marking means (12, 15, 17) have input means (15, 17) for the manual entry of the marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) to allow further parts of the recognized or spoken text that also have this common characteristic to be marked with this marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI), and
having processing means (13) for unified processing of marked parts of the text.

2. A transcription device (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein, to allow parameters (PI) of the speech recognition means (2) to be adapted, an adapting stage (11) is provided that is arranged for the evaluation of the automatically and manually marked parts of the text, which marked parts of the text have a common characteristic.

3. A transcription device (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein reproduction means (13) are arranged for the acoustic reproduction of the spoken text (GT) and the synchronous visual marking of the associated recognized text (ET) when a synchronous reproduction mode is activated in the transcription device (1), which text (ET) is flagged by the link information (LI) and optically reproduced, and wherein the acoustic or optical reproduction of automatically or manually marked parts of the text can be suppressed.

4. A transcription device (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the marking means (12, 15, 17) are arranged for the automatic determination and storage of reproduction marking information (WMI) in the memory means (8), which reproduction marking information (WMI) flags those parts of the recognized text (ET) and/or of the spoken text (GT) that were reproduced at least once by the reproduction means (13) when the synchronous reproduction mode was activated.

5. A transcription device (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the reproduction means (13) are arranged for the optical reproduction of a replacement text for suppressed marked parts of the recognized text (ET).

6. A transcription device (1) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the reproduction means (13) can switch between optical display of the replacement text and of the marked parts of the text.

7. A transcription device (1) as claimed in claim 6, wherein an additional switch can be made, for marked parts of the text that form text modules, to an optical display of the text defined for the text module.

8. A transcription device (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the marking means (12, 15, 17) are arranged for marking a part of a spoken or recognized text with at least two different items of marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) when this marked part of the text has at least the two common characteristics that are flagged by the items of marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI).

9. A method of transcribing a spoken text (GT) into a recognized text (ET) and of editing incorrectly recognized parts of the recognized text (ET), wherein link information (LI) for each part of the spoken text (GT) flags the associated recognized text (ET) and wherein the following steps are performed:
transcription of the received spoken text (GT) into the recognized text (ET) and production of the link information (LI);
storage of the spoken text (GT), the recognized text (ET) and the link information (LI);
automatic determination of marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) and storage of the marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) determined, which marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) flags parts of the recognized text (ET), and/or spoken text (GT) that have a particular characteristic common to all the marked parts of the text;
manual entry of the marking information (CMI, PMI HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) to allow further parts of the recognized or spoken text that also have this common characteristic to be marked with this marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI); and
unified processing of marked parts of the text.

10. A method of transcription as claimed in claim 9, wherein the following further steps are performed:
when a synchronous reproduction mode is activated, acoustic reproduction of the spoken text (GT) and synchronous visual marking of the associated recognized text (ET) that is flagged by the link information (LI) and optically reproduced while the acoustic or optical reproduction of automatically or manually marked parts of the text can be suppressed.

11. A method of transcription as claimed in claim 9, wherein the following further steps are performed:
automatic determination and storage of reproduction marking information (WMI), which reproduction marking information (WMI) flags those parts of the recognized text (ET) and/or of the spoken text (GT) that were reproduced at least once before in the activated synchronous reproduction mode.

12. A method of transcription as claimed in claim 9, wherein the following further steps are performed:
marking of a part of the spoken or recognized text with at least two different items of marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI) when this marked part of the text has at least the two common properties that are flagged by the items of marking information (CMI, PMI, HMI, GMI, DMI, RMI, WMI).