|-                                                                                                                           | How to Buy Eggs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Picture of EggsPrepared by Agricultural Marketing Service. Home and Garden Bulletin Number 264. United States Department of Agriculture.            
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | Eggs are easy to prepare in a variety of ways. They are key ingredients in many
    recipes, they go well with other foods, and they are economical.
|                                                                                                                            | Points to Consider
            Wholesomeness...grade...size...nutritive value...cost and convenience should be
    considered when buying eggs.
            Wholesomeness
            Packers who use USDA's voluntary shell egg grading service have their facilities and
    procedures federally approved and monitored to ensure that they meet USDA's rigid sanitary
    requirements. Other packers operate according to State laws.
            Nutritive Value
            Eggs provide protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, and other vitamins and minerals. The yolk
    contains all the fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol in an egg. In 1 large egg, the yolk
    contains 5 grams total fat, 2 grams saturated fatty acids, 213 milligrams cholesterol, and
    60 calories. The egg white contains 15 calories. Use the
              Nutrition Facts
              panel on
    each individual product label to learn about the nutrient content of that food and how it
    fits into an overall daily diet.
            Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol to help reduce the risk of
    getting certain diseases and to help maintain a healthy weight. The Dietary Guidelines for
    Americans suggest choosing a diet containing 30 percent or less of calories from fat, and
    less than 10 percent of calories from saturated fatty acids. Also, some health authorities
    suggest that dietary cholesterol be limited to an average of 300 milligrams or less per
    day.
            The Food Guide Pyramid suggests 2 to 3 servings each day of food from the meat group,
    the equivalent of 5 to 7 ounces of cooked lean meat, poultry, or fish. Because egg protein
    is of high quality, eggs are an alternative to lean meat, poultry, and fish. Count one
    whole egg as 1/3 serving, and remember that egg yolks should be limited to four per week.
            Tips:
              Substitute 2 egg whites for each whole egg in muffins, cookies, puddings,
    and pie fillings. Some specialty egg products are available, such as liquid whole eggs
    that are lower in fat and cholesterol, liquid products made without yolks, and dried
    whites for cake decorators. When you choose a whole egg, balance your cholesterol intake
    by choosing other foods that are low in cholesterol.
            Quality and Weight (Size) Assurance
            Most eggs are packed according to official U.S. quality grade standards and weight
    (size) classes. The grade and weight (size) are printed on the egg carton.
            The USDA grade shield on the carton means that the eggs were graded for quality and
    checked for weight (size) under the supervision of a technically trained USDA grader.
    USDA's grading service is voluntary; egg packers who request it, pay for it. Compliance
    with grade, weight (size), and sanitary requirements is monitored by USDA.
            Egg packers who do not use the USDA grading service will put terms such as "Grade
    A" on their egg cartons without the shield. Their compliance with grade, weight
    (size), and other requirements is monitored by State agencies.
            Select by Weight (Size)
              
              (U.S. Weight Class)
            Size tells you the minimum required net weight per dozen eggs. It does not refer to the
    dimensions of an egg or how big it looks. Eggs of any weight (size) class may differ in
    quality. Most published recipes are based on large-size eggs.
            Size or weight
        class
        Minimum net weight
        per dozenJumbo
        30 ouncesExtra Large
        27 ouncesLarge
        24 ouncesMedium
        21 ouncesSmall
        18 ouncesPeewee
        15 ouncesSelect by U.S. Grade (Quality)
            There are three consumer grades for eggs: U.S. Grade AA, A, and B. The grade is
    determined by the interior quality of the egg and the appearance and condition of the egg
    shell. Eggs of any quality grade may differ in weight (size).
            U.S. Grade AA
              eggs have whites that are thick and firm; yolks that are high,
    round, and practically free from defects; and clean, unbroken shells.
            U.S. Grade A
              eggs have whites that are reasonably firm; yolks that are high,
    round, and practically free from defects; and clean, unbroken shells. This is the quality
    most often sold in stores.
            U.S. Grade B
              eggs have whites that may be thinner and yolks that may be wider
    and flatter than eggs of the higher grades; the shells must be unbroken, but may show
    slight stains. This quality is seldom found in retail stores.
            U.S. Grade AA and A eggs are good for all purposes, but especially for poaching and
    frying where appearance is important. U.S. Grade B eggs, if available, are fine for
    general cooking and baking.
            Grade ShieldsGrade ShieldsMarks of Quality
            Picture of Grade AA eggGrade AA eggcovers small area and stands high; white is thick and
        firm; yolk is high and round.Picture of Grade A eggGrade A eggcovers moderate area; white is reasonably firm and
        stands fairly high; yolk is high.
            
            Picture of Mass CandlingMass candling-- egg passing over a light. Eggs with cracked
        shells and interior defects are identified and removed.The Parts of an Egg
            1 -- Shell
              
              Outer covering of egg, composed mainly of calcium carbonate. May be white or brown
    depending on breed of chicken. Color does not affect quality, flavor, cooking
    characteristics, nutritional value, or shell thickness.
            2 -- Shell Membranes
              
              Two membranes -- outer and inner -- just inside the shell surrounding the albumen (white).
    Provide protective barrier against bacterial penetration. Air cell forms between
    membranes.
            3 -- Air Cell
              
              Pocket of air usually found at large end of the egg between shell membranes. Caused by
    contraction of contents while egg cools after laying. Increases in size with age.
            4 -- Outer Thin Albumen (White)
              
              Nearest to the shell. Spreads around thick white of high-quality egg.
            5 -- Firm or Inner Thick Albumen (White)
              
              Excellent source of riboflavin and protein. In high-quality eggs, stands higher and
    spreads less than thin white. In low-quality eggs, appears like thin white.
            6 -- Chalazae
              
              Twisted, cord-like strands of egg white. Anchor yolk in center of thick white. Prominent,
    thick chalazae indicate high quality and freshness.
            7 -- Vitelline (Yolk)Membrane
              
              Colorless membrane surrounding yolk.
            8 -- Yolk
              
              Yellow portion of egg. Color varies with feed of the hen; does not indicate nutritional
    content. Major source of vitamins, minerals, almost half of the protein, and all of the
    fat and cholesterol. Germinal disc; slight depression barely noticeable on side of yolk.
            Picture of the Parts of an Egg
            Buying and Storing Tips
            Only buy refrigerated eggs with clean, unbroken shells.
            It is best not to wash eggs before storing or using them. Washing is a routine part of
    commercial egg processing and the eggs do not need to be rewashed.
            At home, keep raw eggs in their original carton on an inside shelf in the refrigerator
    (40 �F). For best quality, use within 5 weeks after bringing them home.
            Keep hard-cooked eggs (in the shell or peeled) in the refrigerator (40 �F). Use within
    1 week after cooking.
            Most eggs sold today are infertile; roosters are not housed with the laying hens. Shell
    color depends on the breed of the hen. Yolk color depends on the feed the hen consumes.
    There is no nutritional difference between fertile and infertile eggs, brown- and
    white-shelled eggs, or pale or dark egg yolks.
            Safe Handling
            Wash hands, utensils, equipment, and work areas with hot, soapy water before and after
    they come in contact with eggs and egg-containing foods.
            Remove only the number of eggs needed from the carton and return the carton to the
    refrigerator.
            Cook eggs until the white is completely firm and the yolk begins to thicken but is not
    hard. Scrambled eggs should be cooked until no visible liquid remains. Fried eggs should
    be cooked on both sides or in a covered pan.
            Take care when preparing egg-containing foods that are not cooked or are only lightly
    cooked before serving, such as ice cream, eggnog, mayonnaise, caesar salad, hollandaise
    sauce, or bearnaise sauce. Only use recipes that start with a stirred egg custard base
    that is first cooked to 160 �F.
            If a recipe calls for adding raw eggs to a previously cooked dish, the dish must be
    cooked further until it reaches 160 �F.
            When preparing any recipe that contains eggs, resist the temptation to taste-test the
    mixture during preparation. Egg-containing foods should be thoroughly cooked before
    eating.
            When preparing and serving eggs and egg-rich foods, keep them out of the refrigerator
    no more than 2 hours total, not including cooking time.
            If hot egg-rich foods are not going to be served immediately after cooking, put the hot
    foods into shallow containers and refrigerate at once so they will cool quickly.
            For information about egg safety, call USDA's Meat and Poultry Hotline. The national
    toll-free number is 800-535-4555. In the Washington, DC, area, call (202) 720-3333.
            
            For more information about nutrition, write:
              
              U.S. Department of Agriculture,
              
              Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
              
              1120 20th Street NW, Suite 200 North
              
              Washington, DC 20036
            Picture of Food Pyramid
            Use the Food Guide Pyramid to help you eat better every day...the
    Dietary Guidelines way. Start with plenty of Breads, Cereals, Rice, and Pasta; Vegetables;
    and Fruits. Add two to three servings from the Milk group and two to three servings from
    the Meat group. Each of these food groups provides some, but not all, of the nutrients you
    need. No one food group is more important than another - for good health you need them
    all. Go easy on the fats, oils, and sweets, the foods in the small tip of the Pyramid.
            HOW TO BUY EGGS
            Look for the Grade
                U.S. Grade AA and U.S. Grade A eggs
        have whites and yolks that stand high and are practically free from defects, and shells
        that are clean and unbroken.
              Look for the Size
                Size is the required minimum net
        weight per dozen eggs.This pamphlet supersedes:
              
              HOW TO BUY EGGS
              
              Home and Garden Bulletin No. 144
              
              Agricultural Marketing Service
              
              December 1981
              
              Issue date: February 1995 |                                                                                                                                                     
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|Jumbo                                                                                                                       | 30 ounces                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|Extra Large                                                                                                                 | 27 ounces                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|Large                                                                                                                       | 24 ounces                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|Medium                                                                                                                      | 21 ounces                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|Small                                                                                                                       | 18 ounces                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|Peewee                                                                                                                      | 15 ounces                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  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|Grade Shields                                                                                                              
|Grade ShieldsMarks of Quality                                                                                              
|Picture of Grade AA egg                                                                                                    
|Grade AA eggcovers small area and stands high; white is thick and
        firm; yolk is high and round.                    
|Picture of Grade A egg                                                                                                     
|Grade A eggcovers moderate area; white is reasonably firm and
        stands fairly high; yolk is high.                    
|Picture of Mass Candling                                                                                                   
|Mass candling-- egg passing over a light. Eggs with cracked
        shells and interior defects are identified and removed.