Inorganic Dye and Pigment

Manufacturing

1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

1997

Issued October 1999

EC97M-3251C

U.S. Department ofCommerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
The staff of the Manufacturing and Construction Division prepared this report.

Judy M. Dodds, Assistant Chief for Census and Related Programs, was responsible for the overall planning, management, and coordination. Kenneth

Hansen, Chief, Manufactured Durables

Branch, assisted by Mike Brown, Renee

Coley, Raphael Corrado, and Milbren

Thomas, Section Chiefs, Michael Zampogna, Former Chief, Manufactured Nondurables Branch, assisted by Allen Foreman, Robert Miller, Robert Reinard,

and Nat Shelton, Section Chiefs, and Tom

Lee, Robert Rosati, and Tom Flood,

Special Assistants, performed the planning

and implementation. Stephanie Angel,

Brian Appert, Stanis Batton, Carol Beasley, Chris Blackburn, Larry Blumberg, Vera Harris-Bourne, Brenda

Campbell, Suzanne Conard, Vance

Davis, Mary Ellickson, Matt Gaines,

Merry Glascoe, Kay Hanks, Karen

Harshbarger, Nancy Higgins, James

Hinckley, Walter Hunter, Jim Jamski,

Evelyn Jordan, Robert Lee, John Linehan, Paul Marck, Keith McKenzie,

Philippe Morris, Joanna Nguyen, Betty

Pannell, Joyce Pomeroy, Venita Powell,

Cynthia Ramsey, Chris Savage,

Aronda Stovall, Sue Sundermann, Thanos Theodoropoulos, Dora Thomas,

Ann Truffa, Ronanne Vinson, Keeley

Voor, Denneth Wallace, Tempie Whittington, Lissene Witt, and Mike

Yamaner provided primary staff assistance.

Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief for

Research and Methodology Programs,

assisted by Stacey Cole, Chief, Manufacturing Programs Methodology Branch, and

Robert Struble, Section Chief, provided

the mathematical and statistical techniques as well as the coverage operations.

Jeffrey Dalzell and Cathy Ritenour provided primary staff assistance.

Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Forms, Publications, and Customer Services Branch,

assisted by Julius Smith Jr. and Baruti

Taylor, Section Chiefs, performed overall

coordination of the publication process.

Kim Credito, Patrick Duck, Chip

Murph, Wanda Sledd, and Veronica

White provided primary staff assistance.

The Economic Planning and Coordination

Division, Lawrence A. Blum, Assistant

Chief for Collection Activities and Shirin

A. Ahmed, Assistant Chief for PostCollection Processing, assisted by Dennis

Shoemaker, Chief, Post-Collection Census

Processing Branch, Brandy Yarbrough,

Section Chief, Sheila Proudfoot, Richard

Williamson, Andrew W. Hait, and Jennifer E. Lins, was responsible for developing the systems and procedures for data

collection, editing, review, correction and

dissemination

The staff of the National Processing Center,

Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailout

preparation and receipt operations, clerical

and analytical review activities, data keying, and geocoding review.

The Geography Division staff developed

geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Pautler

Jr., Chief, developed and coordinated the

computer processing systems. Martin S.

Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquennial Programs, assisted by Barbara Lambert and Christina Arledge were responsible for design and implementation of the

computer systems. Gary T. Sheridan,

Chief, Manufacturing and Construction

Branch, Lori A. Guido and Roy A. Smith,

Section Chiefs, supervised the preparation

of the computer programs.

Computer Services Division, Debra Williams, Chief, performed the computer processing.

The staff of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom,

Chief, performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement for publications,

Internet products, and report forms.

Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication

coordination and editing.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Inorganic Dye and Pigment

Manufacturing

1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

1997

Issued October 1999

EC97M-3251C

U.S. Department of Commerce

William M. Daley,

Secretary

Robert L. Mallett,

Deputy Secretary

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director
Paula J. Schneider,

Principal Associate Director

for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,

Associate Director

for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,

Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

William G. Bostic Jr.,

Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics

and Statistics

Administration

Robert J. Shapiro,

Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,

Director

William G. Barron,

Deputy Director
 CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1 .............................

Manufacturing 5 .................................................

TABLES

1. Industry Statistics on NAICS Basis With Distribution Among

1987 SIC~Based Industries: 1997 7 .........................

2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1997 7 .................

3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997 8 ........................

4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 1997 9 ................

5. Industry Statistics by Industry and Primary Product Class

Specialization: 1997 9 .....................................

6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992 10 .........................

6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992 10 .

7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 1997 and 1992 11 ................

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 .....................................

B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B–1 ......................

C. Coverage and Methodology C–1 ................................

D. Geographic Notes ........................................ ~~

E. Metropolitan Areas ....................................... ~~

F. Footnotes for Products Statistics and Materials Consumed by

Kind F–1 ...................................................

G. Comparability of Product Classes and Product Codes: 1997 to

1992 G–1 ...................................................

~~ Not applicable for this report.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 325131 iii

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 22, 1999
Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the United

States Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,

covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes, and other statistical series that

measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses of economic census data include the following:

• Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data to monitor economic activity and assess the

effectiveness of policies.

• State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.

• Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to keep their members informed of market changes.

• Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

ALL-NEW INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 1997 Economic Census are published primarily on the basis of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), unlike earlier censuses, which

were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. NAICS is in the process of being

adopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Most

economic census reports cover one of the following NAICS

sectors:

21 Mining

22 Utilities

23 Construction

31-33 Manufacturing

42 Wholesale Trade

44-45 Retail Trade

48-49 Transportation and Warehousing

51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance

53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services

55 Management of Companies and Enterprises

56 Administrative and Support and Waste

Management and Remediation Services

61 Educational Services

62 Health Care and Social Assistance

71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

72 Accommodation and Foodservices

81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and

Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the census

of agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92),

covered by the census of governments conducted by the

Census Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 96 subsectors

(three-digit codes), 313 industry groups (four-digit codes),

and, as implemented in the United States, 1170 industries

(five- and six-digit codes).

RELATIONSHIP TO SIC

While many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular

care should be taken in comparing data for retail trade,

wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sector

titles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The industry definitions discuss the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries.

Where changes are significant, it will not be possible to

construct time series that include data for points both

before and after 1997.

For 1997, data for auxiliary establishments (those functioning primarily to manage, service, or support the activities of their company’s operating establishments, such as

a central administrative office or warehouse) will not be

included in the sector-specific reports. These data will be

published separately.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physical

location of each establishment is required to tabulate the

census data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs), counties, parishes, and corporate municipalities including cities, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS INTRODUCTION 1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
required to report their physical location (street address,

municipality, county, and state) if it differed from their

mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail

(and those single-establishment companies that did not

provide acceptable information on physical location), location information from Internal Revenue Service tax forms

is used as a basis for coding.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishment

basis. A company operating at more than one location is

required to file a separate report for each store, factory,

shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned a

separate industry classification based on its primary activity and not that of its parent company.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and

1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when making

comparisons with prior years, users of the data should

consider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are available

on the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) and

on compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.

Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights are

published in printed reports. For more information, including a description of electronic and printed reports being

issued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. Census

Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call Customer

Services at 301-457-4100.

Special Tabulations

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1997 Economic Census may be obtained, depending on availability

of time and personnel, in electronic or tabular form. The

data will be summaries subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential information (including name,

address, kind of business, or other data for individual

business establishments or companies) that govern the

regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact specifications

on the type and format of the data to be provided, should

be directed to the Chief of the division named below, U.S.

Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300. To discuss a

special tabulation before submitting specifications, call

the appropriate division:

Manufacturing and Construction Division 301-457-4673

Service Sector Statistics Division 301-457-2668

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic census were taken separately at

varying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census

and subsequent censuses to include mining and some

commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was

the first time a census was taken apart from the regular

decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and

wholesale trade and construction industries were added in

1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Censuses of construction, manufacturing, and the other business service censuses were suspended during World War

II.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated: providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of

firms provided by the administrative records of other Federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also

have been used to provide basic statistics for very small

firms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them census questionnaires.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census of

construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967,

and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933,

was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few

transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it

was not until 1992 that the census broadened to include

all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also

new for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, and

real estate industries. With these additions, the economic

census and the separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent

of all economic activity.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier

censuses provide historical figures for the study of longterm time series and are available in some large libraries.

All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still available for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Censuses contain databases including nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code

statistics, published only on CD-ROM.

2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statistics

at www.census.gov/econguide. More information on the

methodology, procedures, and history of the censuses will

be published in the History of the 1997 Economic Census

at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used with

the 1997 Economic Census data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more.

D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

F Exceeds 100 percent because data include

establishments with payroll exceeding revenue.

N Not available or not comparable.

Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail for

multiestablishment firms.

S Withheld because estimates did not meet

publication standards.

V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05

percent.

X Not applicable.

Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficient

coverage of merchandise lines.

Z Less than half the unit shown.

a 0 to 19 employees.

b 20 to 99 employees.

c 100 to 249 employees.

e 250 to 499 employees.

f 500 to 999 employees.

g 1,000 to 2,499 employees.

h 2,500 to 4,999 employees.

i 5,000 to 9,999 employees.

j 10,000 to 24,999 employees.

k 25,000 to 49,999 employees.

l 50,000 to 99,999 employees.

m 100,000 employees or more.

p 10 to 19 percent estimated.

q 20 to 29 percent estimated.

r Revised.

s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

nec Not elsewhere classified.

nsk Not specified by kind.

– Represents zero (page image/print only).

(CC) Consolidated city.

(IC) Independent city.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS INTRODUCTION 3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
This page is intentionally blank.

4 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Manufacturing

SCOPE

The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing covers all

manufacturing establishments with one or more paid

employees. Manufacturing is defined as the mechanical,

physical, or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products. The assembly of components

into new products is also considered manufacturing,

except when it is appropriately classified as construction.

Establishments in the manufacturing sector are often

described as plants, factories, or mills and typically use

power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment.

Also included in the manufacturing sector are some establishments that make products by hand, like custom tailors

and the makers of custom draperies. While manufacturers

typically do not sell to the public, some establishments

like bakeries and candy stores that make products on the

premises may be included.

While logging and publishing are no longer in the scope

of manufacturing, data for these industries are included in

the manufacturing industry reports, but are not included

in the manufacturing state, summary, and other reports.

GENERAL

This report, from the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing, is one of a series of 480 industry reports and 51

geographic area reports, each of which provides statistics

for individual industries or states, respectively. Seven of

the industry reports are for industries no longer in the

manufacturing sector but are included with manufacturing

for the 1997 census year. Also included for this sector are

General, Product, and Materials Consumed Summary

reports, a special report on Concentration Ratios in Manufacturing, and data files on Location of Manufacturing

Plants.

Each industry report presents data for a six-digit North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry.

A description of the particular NAICS industry may be

found in Appendix B. These reports include such statistics

as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value

added by manufacture, cost of materials consumed, value

of shipments, capital expenditures, etc. Explanations of

these and other terms may be found in Appendix A. The

industry reports also include data for states with 100

employees or more in the industry.

State reports, which include the District of Columbia,

present similar statistics at the ‘‘all manufacturing’’ level

for each state and its metropolitan areas (MAs) with 250

employees or more, and for counties, consolidated cities,

and places with 500 employees or more. The state reports

also include six-digit NAICS level data for industries with

100 employees or more in the state.

The General Summary report contains industry and geographic area statistics summarized in one report. It

includes higher levels of aggregation than the industry

and state reports, as well as revisions to the data made

after the release of the industry and state reports.

The Products and Materials Consumed reports summarize the products and materials data published in the

industry reports. The Product Summary report also

includes data from the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) and

a special table with data for products that are primary to

more than one industry, which are not in the industry

reports.

The Concentration Ratios report publishes data on the

percentage of value of shipments accounted for by the 4-,

8-, 20-, and 50-largest companies for each manufacturing

industry. Also shown in this report are HirschmannHerfindahl Indexes for each industry.

The Location of Manufacturing data files contain statistics on the number of establishments for the three- and

six-digit NAICS industry by state, county, place, and ZIP

Code by employment-size of the establishment.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

Statistics at the six-digit NAICS industry level are shown

for states and the District of Columbia in both the state

and industry reports for cells with 100 employees or

more.

The state reports also include data at the ‘‘all manufacturing’’ level for a variety of geographies that meet the

employment criteria.

Data are available for the metropolitan areas (MAs) with

250 employees or more. The term MA is a general term

used to encompass all of the specifically defined metropolitan areas. A consolidated metropolitan statistical area

(CMSA) is made up of two or more contiguous primary

metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs) with a combined

population of at least 1 million. A PMSA is a subdivision of

a CMSA that demonstrates very strong internal economic

and social links separate from the ties to other portions of

the CMSA. A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is an integrated economic and social unit with a population of at

least 50,000. An MA is made up of one or more counties

meeting standards of metropolitan character. In New

England, cities and towns, rather than counties, are the

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS MANUFACTURING 5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
component geographic units. Determination of the MAs

was made by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

as of June 30, 1997. The population estimates were from

the 1990 Census of Population or a subsequent special

census. When applicable, the make-up of an MA is

included in Appendix E. Changes to geographical boundaries are noted in Appendix D.

The state reports include data for counties with 500

employees or more. These are the primary divisions of

states, except in Louisiana where they are called parishes

and in Alaska where they are called boroughs and census

areas. Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia have one

or more places that are independent of county organizations. These places are treated as counties and places. The

counties and places are defined as of January 1, 1997.

The state reports include data for places with 500

employees or more. Places are typically cities, towns, and

villages. They may be incorporated municipalities, semiindependent municipalities, special economic urban areas

(SEUAs), or other place equivalents.

The state reports also include data for consolidated cities with 500 employees or more. Consolidated cities are

made up of separately incorporated municipalities.

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1992 AND 1997 CENSUSES

The adoption of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) has had a major impact on the comparability of data between the 1992 and 1997 censuses.

Approximately half of the industries in the manufacturing

sector of NAICS do not have comparable industries in the

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system that was

used in the past. If industries are not comparable between

the two censuses, historic data are not shown. When applicable, Appendix G shows the product class and product

comparability between the two systems.

While most of the change affecting the manufacturing

sector was change within the sector, some industries left

manufacturing and others came into manufacturing.

Prominent among those leaving manufacturing are logging

and portions of publishing. Prominent among the industries coming into the manufacturing sector are bakeries,

candy stores where candy is made on the premises, custom tailors, makers of custom draperies, and tire retreading. Data for the industries coming into manufacturing as

well as those leaving manufacturing are included in the

manufacturing industry report series for 1997. However,

the state and summary reports only include data for

industries in the NAICS definition of manufacturing.

Another change resulting from the conversion to NAICS

is that data for central administrative offices (CAOs) associated with manufacturing are not included along side the

manufacturing data. This change affects data in the state

reports and the general summary.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with Federal law governing census

reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data are

published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company. However, the number of

establishments classified in a specific industry or geography is not considered a disclosure, and may be released

even when other information is withheld.

The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics files is

based on the total value of shipments. When the total

value of shipments cannot be shown without disclosing

information for individual companies, the complete line is

suppressed except for capital expenditures. However, the

suppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A separate disclosure analysis is performed for capital expenditures that can be suppressed even though value of shipments data are published.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC

DATA

The Census Bureau conducts the Annual Survey of

Manufactures (ASM) in each of the 4 years between the

economic censuses. The ASM is a probability-based

sample of approximately 58,000 establishments and collects many of the same industry statistics (including

employment, payroll, value of shipments, etc.) as the economic census. However, there are selected statistics not

included in the ASM. Among these are the number of companies and establishments, detailed product and materials

data, and substate geographic data.

In addition to the ASM, the Census Bureau conducts a

Current Industrial Reports (CIR) program. The CIR publishes detailed product statistics for selected manufacturing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in some

cases, monthly and/or quarterly. For the 1997 Economic

Census – Manufacturing, the annual CIR data are included

in the Product Summary report.

The Census Bureau also conducts the monthly Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) program,

which publishes detailed statistics for manufacturing

industries at the U.S. level.

6 MANUFACTURING 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Table 1. Industry Statistics on NAICS Basis With Distribution Among 1987 SIC~Based

Industries: 1997

[NAICS codes appear in bold type. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

or SIC

code

Industry

All employees Production workers

Com~

panies1

All

estab~

lish~

ments2 Number

Payroll

($1,000) Number

Hours

(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value added by

manufacture

($1,000)

Cost of

materials

($1,000)

Value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi~

tures

($1,000)

325131 Inorganic dye & pigment mfg 58 .. 74 8 608 395 570 5 666 11 832 251 662 2 027 247 1 706 481 3 734 425 212 501 281610 Inorganic pigments (pt) N ....... 74 8 608 395 570 5 666 11 832 251 662 2 027 247 1 706 481 3 734 425 212 501 281910 Industrial inorganic chemicals,

n.e.c. (pt) N .................. –– ––– – – – – –

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

Table 2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1997

[States that are disclosures or with less than 100 employees are not shown. For explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Industry and geographic area

All establishments All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20 em~ ploy~ ees or

more Number

Payroll

($1,000) Number

Hours

(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value added by manufacture ($1,000)Cost of

materials

($1,000)

Value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi~ tures ($1,000)

325131, INORGANIC DYE &

PIGMENT MFG

United States – .............. 74 50 8 608 395 570 5 666 11 832 251 662 2 027 247 1 706 481 3 734 425 212 501

California 1 .......................... 6 5 656 25 297 354 718 12 411 100 601 71 898 164 290 7 296

Illinois 2 ............................. 7 5 391 15 433 275 692 12 355 48 527 58 457 107 301 5 658

Maryland – ........................... 5 5 1 092 52 822 642 1 277 30 375 161 524 146 999 305 828 10 011

Ohio – ............................... 7 5 898 46 149 512 1 113 27 379 208 449 232 091 431 250 22 751

Pennsylvania – ....................... 7 6 803 35 196 460 1 047 17 061 93 019 59 048 152 211 9 364

* Hawaii has no incorporated places in the sense of functioning governmental units; however, in agreement with Hawaiian law, the Bureau of the Census reports data for census designated

places (CDPs) which have been designated as place equivalents. Those CDPs, only for the state of Hawaii, with 2,500 or more population are recognized.

1Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative~record data

account for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to

89 percent; 9–90 percent or more.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 325131 7

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 22, 1999
Table 3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item Value

325131, INORGANIC DYE & PIGMENT MFG

Companies1 ................................................ number.. 58

All establishments number ........................................... .. 74

Establishments with 1 to 19 employees number ....................... .. 24

Establishments with 20 to 99 employees number ..................... .. 24

Establishments with 100 employees or more number .................. .. 26

All employees number ............................................... .. 8 608 Total compensation2 ..........................................$1,000.. 506 264 Annual payroll $1,000 .............................................. .. 395 570 Total fringe benefits $1,000 ......................................... .. 110 694

Production workers, average for year number .......................... .. 5 666 Production workers on March 12 number ............................ .. 5 693 Production workers on May 12 number .............................. .. 5 662 Production workers on August 12 number ............................ .. 5 684 Production workers on November 12 number ......................... .. 5 625

Production~worker hours 1,000 ....................................... .. 11 832

Production~worker wages $1,000 ...................................... .. 251 662

Total cost of materials $1,000 ......................................... .. 1 706 481

Cost of materials, parts, containers, etc., consumed $1,000 ............. .. 1 443 025

Cost of resales $1,000 ............................................. .. 44 772

Cost of fuels $1,000 ............................................... .. 96 104

Cost of purchased electricity $1,000 ................................. .. 93 878

Cost of contract work $1,000 ....................................... .. 28 702

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh ........... .. 2 499 061

Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh ... .. –

Total value of shipments $1,000 ...................................... .. 3 734 425 Primary products value of shipments $1,000 .......................... .. 3 481 233

Secondary products value of shipments $1,000 ....................... .. 200 939

Total miscellaneous receipts $1,000 ................................. .. 52 253

Value of resales $1,000 .......................................... .. 50 783

Contract receipts $1,000 ......................................... .. D

Other miscellaneous receipts $1,000 .............................. .. D

Primary products specialization ratio percent ........................... .. 94

Value of primary products shipments made in all industries $1,000 ........ .. 3 896 927

Value of primary products shipments made in this industry $1,000 ....... .. 3 481 233

Value of primary products shipments made in other

industries $1,000 ................................................. .. 415 694

Coverage ratio percent .............................................. .. 89

Item Value

325131, INORGANIC DYE & PIGMENT MFGmCon.

Value added $1,000 ................................................. .. 2 027 247

Total inventories, beginning of year $1,000 ............................. .. 571 868

Finished goods inventories, beginning of year $1,000 .................. .. 241 025

Work~in~process inventories, beginning of year $1,000 ................. .. 41 147

Materials and supplies inventories, beginning of year $1,000 ............ .. 289 696

Total inventories, end of year $1,000 .................................. .. 541 367 Finished goods inventories, end of year $1,000 ....................... .. 233 246 Work~in~process inventories, end of year $1,000 ...................... .. 48 229 Materials and supplies inventories, end of year $1,000 ................. .. 259 892

Gross book value of total assets at beginning of year $1,000 .............. .. 3 404 370

Total capital expenditures (new and used) $1,000 ..................... .. 212 501

Capital expenditures for buildings and other structures

(new and used) $1,000 ......................................... .. 45 242

Capital expenditures for machinery and equipment (new

and used) $1,000 .............................................. .. 167 259

Total retirements2 ..........................................$1,000.. 65 377

Gross book value of total assets at end of year $1,000 ................... .. 3 551 494

Total depreciation during year2 .................................$1,000.. 200 780

Total rental payments2 ........................................$1,000.. 13 740 Buildings and other structures rental payments2 ................ $1,000.. 4 047 Machinery and equipment rental payments2.................... $1,000.. 9 693

Cost of purchased services for the repair of buildings and other

structures3..................................................$1,000.. 9 761

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 91

Cost of purchased services for the repair of machinery and

equipment3 .................................................$1,000.. 76 518

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 91

Cost of purchased communications services3 .................... $1,000.. 2 932

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 91

Cost of purchased legal services3 ..............................$1,000.. 2 188

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 91

Cost of purchased accounting and bookkeeping services3 ......... $1,000.. 1 050

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 91

Cost of purchased advertising services3 ......................... $1,000.. 1 712

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 91

Cost of purchased software and other data processing

services3 ...................................................$1,000.. 1 997

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 91

Cost of purchased refuse removal (including hazardous waste)

services3 ...................................................$1,000.. 8 212

Response coverage ratio4 .................................. percent.. 91

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control. 2These items are collected in the ASM and estimated for the remaining establishments; therefore, the levels of estimation are higher than for other items in the table. 3Based on ASM sample data.

4A response coverage ratio is derived for this item by calculating the ratio of the weighted employment (establishment data multiplied by sample weight) for those ASM establishments that

reported to the weighted total employment for all ASM establishments classified in this industry.

Note: The amounts shown for purchased services reflect only those services that establishments purchase from other companies.

8 NAICS 325131 MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 22, 1999
Table 4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 1997

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Employment size class

All establishments All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20

em~

ploy~

ees or

more Number

Payroll

($1,000) Number

Hours

(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value added by

manufacture

($1,000)

Cost of

materials

($1,000)

Value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi~

tures

($1,000)

325131, INORGANIC DYE &

PIGMENT MFG

All establishments – ......... 74 50 8 608 395 570 5 666 11 832 251 662 2 027 247 1 706 481 3 734 425 212 501

Establishments with 1 to 4

employees 9 ........................ 13 – 27 1 096 19 30 644 5 166 4 656 9 802 696

Establishments with 5 to 9

employees 9 ........................ 6 – 38 1 487 28 56 887 5 943 5 358 11 281 761

Establishments with 10 to 19

employees 8 ........................ 5 – 72 3 657 50 85 2 099 15 760 13 827 29 334 1 833

Establishments with 20 to 49

employees 4 ........................ 16 16 511 18 114 317 623 9 828 72 160 91 973 162 231 9 585

Establishments with 50 to 99

employees – ........................ 8 8 561 21 875 424 981 14 864 83 407 80 049 163 410 5 087

Establishments with 100 to 249

employees – ........................ 14 14 2 173 96 078 1 353 2 836 56 972 396 037 307 985 691 063 33 521

Establishments with 250 to 499

employees – ........................ 8 8 2 621 129 997 1 494 3 124 79 653 556 033 475 199 1 029 228 39 016

Establishments with 500 to 999

employees – ........................ 4 4 2 605 123 266 1 981 4 097 86 715 892 741 727 434 1 638 076 122 002

Establishments with 1,000 to 2,499

employees – ........................ –– – – – – – – – – –

Establishments with 2,500 employees

or more – ........................... –– – – – – – – – – –

Administrative records2 .............. 9 15 – 121 4 318 77 124 2 542 20 497 18 477 38 901 2 761

1Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for a

small number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative~record data account for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 1–10 to 19 percent; 2–20 to 29 percent; 3–30 to 39 percent; 4–40 to 49 percent; 5–50 to 59 percent; 6–60 to 69 percent; 7–70 to 79 percent; 8–80 to

89 percent; 9–90 percent or more. 2Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other government

agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. Data are also included in respective size classes shown.

Table 5. Industry Statistics by Industry and Primary Product Class Specialization: 1997

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

industry or

product

class code

Industry or primary product class

All employees Production workers All estab~ lish~

ments Number

Payroll

($1,000) Number

Hours

(1,000)

Wages

($1,000)

Value addedby manufacture

($1,000)

Cost of

materials

($1,000)

Value of

shipments

($1,000)

Total capital

expendi~ tures

($1,000)

325131 Inorganic dye & pigment

mfg 74 .................... 8 608 395 570 5 666 11 832 251 662 2 027 247 1 706 481 3 734 425 212 501

3251311 Titanium dioxide, composite and

pure 11 ............................ 4 690 234 728 3 379 6 926 163 535 1 442 337 1 215 661 2 664 580 156 708

3251314 Other white opaque pigments 6 ....... 409 13 453 235 465 6 796 71 321 89 226 159 561 6 519

3251317 Chrome colors and other inorganic

pigments 28 ........................ 3 172 134 742 1 832 4 037 73 845 453 125 348 430 796 858 41 294

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 325131 9

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 22, 1999
Table 6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992

[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers of

products of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see

introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

product

code

Product

1997 1992

Number of Product shipments Product shipments

companies with shipmentsof $100,000

or more

Quantity of

production for all purposes Quantity

Value ($1,000)

Number of

companies with shipmentsof $100,000

or more

Quantity of

production for all purposes Quantity

Value ($1,000)

325131 Inorganic pigments ............................... N X X 3 896 927 N X X N

3251311 Titanium dioxide, composite and pure @ ...................... N X X 2 499 187 N X X 2 316 198

32513110 Titanium dioxide, composite and pure....................... N X X 2 499 187 N X X N 3251311000 Titanium dioxide, composite and pure..................... 5 X X 2 499 187 5 X X 2 316 198

3251314 Other white opaque pigments................................ N X X 342 394 N X X 303 584

32513141 Other white opaque pigments.............................. N X X 342 394 N X X N

3251314111 Zinc oxide pigments 1,000 s tons ....................... .. 7 X 112.7 146 045 9 X 114.7 146 336

3251314121 Titanium pigment preparations 1,000 s tons .............. .. 4 X S 63 412 8 X 5.3 43 200

3251314131 All other inorganic white opaque

pigments 1,000 s tons ................................ .. 6 X S 132 937 9 X 292.2 113 962

3251314Y Other white opaque pigments, nsk ......................... N X X –N X X N

3251314YWV Other white opaque pigments, nsk ....................... N X X – N X X 86

3251317 Chrome colors and other inorganic

pigments @ .............................................. N X X 942 618 N X X N

32513171 Chrome colors ........................................... N X X 113 458 N X X N 3251317110 Chrome colors ......................................... 8 X X 113 458 12 X X 110 628

32513172 Iron oxide pigments ...................................... N X X 331 457 N X X N

3251317211 Iron oxide pigments .................................... 16 X X 331 457 19 X X 283 588

32513173 White extender pigments, including

barytes, blanc fixe, and whiting; ceramic

color pigments; and all other inorganic

pigments............................................... N X X 497 703 N X X N

3251317311 White extender pigments, including

barytes, blanc fixe, and whiting 1,000 s tons ............ .. 3 X D D 8 X S 122 474

3251317321 Ceramic color pigments mil lb .......................... .. 6 X D D 5 X S 99 101

3251317331 All other inorganic pigments, nec ......................... 14 X X 292 858 N X X N

3251317Y Chrome colors and other inorganic

pigments, nsk .......................................... N X X –N X X N

3251317YWV Chrome colors and other inorganic

pigments, nsk ........................................ N X X –N X X N

325131W Inorganic pigments, nsk, total ................................ N X X 112 728 N X X N

325131WY Inorganic pigments, nsk, total .............................. N X X 112 728 N X X N 325131WYWW Inorganic pigments, nsk, for nonadministrative~record establishments........................................ N X X 77 384 N X X N 325131WYWY Inorganic pigments, nsk, for administrative~record establishments .................... N X X 35 344 N X X N

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.

@ Additional data are available for these codes at the aggregate U.S. level in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) series; see Appendix F for the CIR survey number and title.

$ This product is primary to more than one industry; see Appendix F for a listing of the related product codes.

Note: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values which are based on quantity~value relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p 10 to 19 percent estimated; q 20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more is

estimated, figure is replaced by S.

Table 6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992

[Product classes covered are those that are economically significant and whose production is geographically dispersed, provided dispersion is not approximated by data in Table 2. Also, product classes

are not shown if they are miscellaneous or "not specified by kind" classes. Statistics for some states are withheld because they are either less than $2 million in product class shipments or they disclose

data for individual companies in 1997. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanations of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

product class

code

Product class and geographic area

Value of product shipments

($1,000)

1997 1992

3251311 TITANIUM DIOXIDE, COMPOSITE AND PURE @

United States............................................................................. 2 499 187 2 316 198

3251314 OTHER WHITE OPAQUE PIGMENTS

United States............................................................................. 342 394 303 584

 Missouri.......................................................................................... 8 950 N

3251317 CHROME COLORS AND OTHER INORGANIC PIGMENTS @

United States............................................................................. 942 618 N

 California......................................................................................... 57 236 N Illinois ........................................................................................... 111 936 N Maryland......................................................................................... 130 726 N Ohio............................................................................................. 73 393 N Pennsylvania ..................................................................................... 142 706 N

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.

@ Additional data are available for these codes at the aggregate U.S. level in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) series; see Appendix F for the CIR survey number and title.

$ This product is primary to more than one industry; see Appendix F for a listing of the related product codes.

10 NAICS 325131 MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 22, 1999
Table 7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 1997 and 1992

[Includes quantity and cost of materials consumed or put into production by establishments classified only in this industry. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation

of terms, see appendixes]

NAICS

material

code

Material consumed

1997 1992

Quantity

Delivered cost ($1,000) QuantityDelivered cost ($1,000)

325131 INORGANIC DYE & PIGMENT MFG

32531201 Phosphoric acid, except spent (100 percent P2O5) 1,000 s tons ............................. .. 3.5 1 326 N N

32518805 Sulfuric acid (100 percent H2SO4), except spent 1,000 s tons ............................... .. p209.5 11 493 N N

32518103 Chlorine (100 percent Cl basis) 1,000 s tons .............................................. .. 772.0 107 720 N N

32518105 Sodium carbonate (soda ash) (58 percent Na2O) 1,000 s tons .............................. .. S 7 986 N N

32518107 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)(100 percent NaOH) 1,000 s tons .......................... .. S 29 318 N N

00190031 Salt in brine 1,000 s tons ............................................................... .. DDN N

325000A5 Other industrial inorganic chemicals ....................................................... X 214 660 X N

32510091 Synthetic organic chemicals.............................................................. X 14 487 X N

21239303 Sulfur ....................................................................1,000 l tons.. DDN N

21220021 Iron and ferroalloy ores, including tungsten, chromite, manganese,

molybdenum, and cobalt................................................................ X 70 386 X N

21220023 Nonferrous metal ores, including copper, mercury, vanadium, titanium,

platinum, etc........................................................................... X 412 435 X N

21239001 All other crude chemical nonmetallic minerals, including barite, borate,

potash, fluorspar, rock salt, etc........................................................... X 13 818 X N

32419903 Coke including breeze, used as a raw material 1,000 s tons ................................. .. 387.5 48 004 N N

33300015 Parts and attachments for machinery and equipment ........................................ X 59 521 X N

32221001 Paperboard containers, boxes, and corrugated paperboard .................................. X 21 090 X N

33240000 Metal containers ........................................................................ X DX N

00970099 All other materials and components, parts, containers, and supplies ........................... X 299 170 X N

00971000 Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, n.s.k. ....................................... X 113 345 X N

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.

Note: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values which are based on quantity~value relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p 10 to 19 percent estimated; q 20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more is

estimated, figure is replaced by S.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 325131 11

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 22, 1999
Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

BEGINNING- AND END-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES

Respondents were asked to report their beginning-ofyear and end-of-year inventories at cost or market. Effective with the 1982 Economic Census, this change to a uniform instruction for reporting inventories was introduced

for all sector reports. Prior to 1982, respondents were permitted to value inventories using any generally accepted

accounting method (FIFO, LIFO, market, to name a few).

Beginning in 1982, LIFO users were asked to first report

inventory values prior to the LIFO adjustment and then to

report the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value after adjustment for the reserve.

Inventory Data by Stage of Fabrication

Total inventories and three detailed components (1) finished goods, (2) work-in-process, and (3) materials, supplies, fuels, etc., were collected.

When using inventory data by stage of fabrication for

‘‘all industries’’ and at the three-digit subsector level, it

should be noted that an item treated as a finished product

by an establishment in one industry may be reported as a

raw material by an establishment in a different industry.

For example, the finished-product inventories of a steel

mill would be reported as raw materials by a stamping

plant. Such differences are present in the inventory figures

by stage of fabrication shown for all publication levels.

COST OF MATERIALS

This term refers to direct charges actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into production during the

year, including freight charges and other direct charges

incurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials.

It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed,

whether purchased by the individual establishment from

other companies, transferred to it from other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory

during the year.

Included in this item are:

1. Cost of parts, components, containers, etc.—Includes

all raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, containers, scrap, and supplies put into production or used as

operating supplies and for repair and maintenance

during the year.

2. Cost of products bought and sold in the same condition.

3. Cost of fuels consumed for heat and power—Includes

the cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether purchased by the individual establishment from other

companies, transferred to it from other establishments

of the same company, or withdrawn from inventory

during the year.

4. Cost of purchased electricity—The cost of purchased

electric energy represents the amount actually used

during the year for heat and power. In addition, information was collected on the quantity of electric

energy generated by the establishment and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to other

plants of the same company.

5. Cost of contract work—This term applies to work

done by others on materials furnished by the manufacturing establishment. The actual cost of the material is to be reported on the cost of materials, parts,

and containers line of this item. The term ‘‘Contract

Work’’ refers to the fee a company pays to another

company to perform a service.

Specific Materials Consumed

In addition to the total cost of materials, which every

establishment was required to report, information also

was collected for most manufacturing industries on the

consumption of major materials used in manufacturing.

The inquiries were restricted to those materials which

were important parts of the cost of production in a particular industry and for which cost information was available from manufacturers’ records. If less than $25,000 of

a listed material was consumed by an establishment, the

cost data could be reported in the ‘‘Cost of all other materials...,’’ Census material code 00970099. Also, the cost of

materials for small establishments for which administrative records or short forms were used was imputed into

the ‘‘Materials not specified by kind,’’ Census materials

code 00971000.

Duplication in Cost of Materials and Value of

Shipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of

shipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication

since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the

addition of related industries representing successive

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX A A–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
stages in the production of a finished manufactured product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in

the food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper

mills in the paper and allied products group of industries.

Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate

that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such

duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to

approximate two-thirds of the total value of products

reported in the survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is

significant within a number of industry groups, e.g.,

machinery and transportation industries. These industries

frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In

this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is

involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual

manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of

the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other

processing costs of value of shipments, both among

industries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments

were not published for some industries which included

considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been

published for all industries at the U.S. level and beginning

in 1964, for all geographic levels.

COST OF PURCHASED SERVICES

Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) establishments

were requested to provide information on the cost of purchased services for the repair of buildings and other structures, the repair of machinery, communication services,

legal services, accounting and bookkeeping services,

advertising, software and other data processing services,

and refuse removal. Each of these items reflects the costs

paid directly by the establishment and excludes salaries

paid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of purchased services for the repair

of buildings and machinery are payments made for all

maintenance and repair work on buildings and equipment.

Payments made to other establishments of the same company and for repair and maintenance of any leased property also are included. Extensive repairs or reconstruction

that was capitalized is considered capital expenditures

and is, therefore, excluded from this item. Repair and

maintenance costs provided by an owner as part of a

rental contract or incurred directly by an establishment in

using its own work force also are excluded.

Included in the cost of purchased advertising services

are payments for printing, media coverage, and other

advertising services and materials.

Included in the cost of purchased software and other

data processing services are all purchases by the establishment from other companies. Excluded are services provided by other establishments of the same company (such

as by a separate data processing unit).

Included in the cost of purchased refuse removal services are all costs of refuse removal services paid by the

establishment, including costs for hazardous waste

removal or treatment. Excluded are all costs included in

rental payments or as capital expenditures.

Response Coverage Ratio

A response coverage ratio is a measure of the extent to

which respondents report for an item. The estimate is

made by calculating the ratio value of the weighted total

employment data for all the ASM establishments that

report the item to the weighted total employment data for

all ASM establishments classified in an industry (reporters

and non-reporters).

DEPRECIATION CHARGES FOR FIXED ASSETS

This item includes depreciation and amortization

charged during the year against assets. Depreciation

charged against fixed assets acquired since the beginning

of the year and against assets sold or retired during the

year are components of this category. Respondents were

requested to make certain that they did not report accumulated depreciation.

EMPLOYEES

This item includes all full-time and part-time employees

on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments

during any part of the pay period which included the 12th

of the months specified on the report form. Included are

all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid

vacations during these pay periods. Officers of corporations are included as employees; proprietors and partners

of unincorporated firms are excluded. The ‘‘all employees’’

number is the average number of production workers plus

the number of other employees in mid-March. The number

of production workers is the average for the payroll periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.

Production Workers

This item includes workers (up through the linesupervisor level) engaged in fabricating, processing,

assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g.,

power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely

associated with these production operations at the establishment covered by the report. Employees above the

working-supervisor level are excluded from this item.

All Other Employees

This item covers nonproduction employees of the

manufacturing establishment including those engaged in

factory supervision above the line-supervisor level. It

A–2 APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
includes sales (including driver-salespersons), sales delivery (highway truck drivers and their helpers), advertising,

credit, collection, installation and servicing of own products, clerical and routine office functions, executive, purchasing, financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria,

medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Also

included are employees on the payroll of the manufacturing establishment engaged in the construction of major

additions or alterations utilized as a separate work force.

FRINGE BENEFITS

Fringe benefits are divided into legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally

required portion consists primarily of Federal old age and

survivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, and

workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs

include all programs not specifically required by legislation whether they were employer initiated or the result of

collective bargaining. They include the employer portion

of such plans as insurance premiums, premiums for

supplemental accident and sickness insurance, pension

plans, supplemental unemployment compensation, welfare plans, stock purchase plans on which the employer

payment is not subject to withholding tax, and deferred

profit-sharing plans. They exclude such items as companyoperated cafeterias, in-plant medical services, free parking

lots, discounts on employee purchases, and uniforms and

work clothing for employees.

GROSS BOOK VALUE OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS AT

BEGINNING OF YEAR (BOY) AND END OF YEAR (EOY)

Total value of depreciable assets is collected on all census forms. It shows the value of depreciable assets for the

beginning of year and end of year. The data encompass all

fixed depreciable assets on the books of establishments.

The values shown (book value) represent the actual cost

of assets at the time they were acquired, including all

costs incurred in making the assets usable (such as transportation and installation). Included are all buildings,

structures, machinery, and equipment (production, office,

and transportation equipment) for which depreciation

reserves are maintained. Excluded are nondepreciable

capital assets including inventories and intangible assets,

such as timber and mineral rights.

The definition of fixed depreciable assets is consistent

with the definition of capital expenditures. For example,

expenditures include actual capital outlays during the year

rather than the final value of equipment put in place and

buildings completed during the year. Accordingly, the

value of assets at the end of the year includes the value of

construction in progress.

In addition, respondents were requested to make certain that assets at the beginning of the year plus capital

expenditures, less retirements, equaled assets at the end

of the year.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND COMPANIES

A separate report was required for each manufacturing

establishment (plant) with one employee or more. An

establishment is defined as a single physical location

where manufacturing is performed. A company, on the

other hand, is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control.

If the company operated at different physical locations,

even if the individual locations were producing the same

line of goods, a separate report was requested for each

location. If the company operated in two or more distinct

lines of manufacturing at the same location, a separate

report was requested for each activity.

An establishment not in operation for any portion of

the year was requested to return the report form with the

proper notation in the ‘‘Operational Status’’ section of the

form. In addition, the establishment was requested to

report data on any employees, capital expenditures, inventories, or shipments from inventories during the year.

PAYROLL

This item includes the gross earnings of all employees

on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments

paid in the calendar year. Respondents were told they

could follow the definition of payrolls used for calculating

the Federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and

compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employees’ social security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludes

payments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated

concerns. Also excluded are payments to members of

Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the active payrolls of manufacturing establishments.

The census definition of payrolls is identical to that recommended to all Federal statistical agencies by the Office

of Management and Budget. It should be noted that this

definition does not include employers’ social security contributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as employees’ pension plans, group insurance premiums, and workers’ compensation.

The ASM provides estimates of employers’ total supplemental labor costs (those required by Federal and state

laws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collective

bargaining agreements).

PRODUCT CODES AND CLASSES OF PRODUCTS

NAICS United States industries are identified by a sixdigit code, in contrast to the four-digit SIC code. The

longer code accommodates the large number of sectors

and allows more flexibility in designing subsectors. Each

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX A A–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
product or service is assigned a ten-digit code. The product coding structure represents an extension by the Census Bureau of the six-digit industry classifications of the

manufacturing and mining sectors. The classification system operates so that the industrial coverage is progressively narrower with the successive addition of digits. This

is illustrated as follows:

NAICS level NAICS code Description

Industry .......... 33461 Manufacturing and reproduction

of magnetic and optical media

U.S. industry...... 334612 Reproduction of software

Product class ..... 3346120 Prerecorded compact disc (except

software), tape, and record reproducing

BLS link code..... 3346120X

Product code ..... 3346120XXX

As in previous censuses, data were collected for most

industries on the quantity and value of individual products

shipped. In the 1997 census program, information was

collected on the output of almost 10,000 individual product items.

In the new system, there are about 1,500 product

classes (seven-digit codes), about 6,000 census products

(ten-digit codes), and an additional 3,700 CIR products

(ten-digit codes). The ten-digit products are considered the

primary products of the industry with the same first six

digits.

The list of products for which separate information was

collected was prepared after consultation with industry

and government representatives. Comparability with previous figures was given considerable weight in the selection of product categories so that comparable 1992 information is presented for most products.

Typically, both quantity and value of shipments information were collected. However, if quantity was not significant or could not be reported by manufacturers, only

value of shipments was collected.

Shipments include both commercial shipments and

transfers of products to other plants of the same company. For industries in which a considerable portion of the

total shipments is transferred to other plants of the same

company, separate information on interplant transfers also

was collected. Moreover, for products that are used to a

large degree within the same establishment as materials

or components in the fabrication of other products, total

production and often consumption of the item within the

plant (quantity produced and consumed) was collected.

Typically, the information on production also was collected

for products for which there are significant differences

between total production and shipments in a given year

because of wide fluctuations in finished goods inventories. Other measures of output of products with long production cycles were used as appropriate and feasible.

PRIMARY PRODUCT CLASS CODE

This file presents selected statistics for establishments

according to their degree of specialization in products primary to their industry. This field contains either the sixdigit North American Industrial Classification System

(NAICS) industry code corresponding to all establishments

in the industry, or the seven-digit NAICS product class

code for all establishments within the industry that are

specialized in a particular product class. Product class specialization is determined by evaluating the ratio of the

largest primary product class shipments to total product

shipments (primary plus secondary, excluding miscellaneous receipts) for the establishment.

PRODUCTION-WORKER HOURS

This item covers hours worked or paid for at the plant,

including actual overtime hours (not straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for vacations, holidays,

or sick leave.

QUANTITY OF ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMED FOR

HEAT AND POWER

Data on the cost of purchased electric energy were collected on all census forms. However, data on the quantity

of purchased electric energy were collected only on the

Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) form. In addition,

information is collected on the quantity of electric energy

generated by the establishment and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to other plants of the same

company.

RENTAL PAYMENTS

Total rental payments are collected on all census forms.

However, the breakdown between rental payments for

buildings and other structures and rental payments for

machinery and equipment is collected only on the ASM

forms. This item includes rental payments for the use of

all items for which depreciation reserves would be maintained if they were owned by the establishment, e.g.,

structures and buildings, and production, office, and

transportation equipment. Excluded are royalties and

other payments for the use of intangibles and depletable

assets and land rents where separable.

When an establishment of a multiestablishment company was charged rent by another part of the same company for the use of assets owned by the company, it was

instructed to exclude that cost from rental payments.

However, the book value (original cost) of these companyowned assets was to be reported as assets of the establishment at the end of the year.

If there were assets at an establishment rented from

another company and the rents were paid centrally by the

head office of the establishment, the company was

instructed to report these rental payments as if they were

paid directly by the establishment.

A–4 APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
RETIREMENTS OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS

Included in this item is the gross value of assets sold,

retired, scrapped, destroyed, etc., during the calendar

year. When a complete operation or establishment

changed ownership, the respondent was instructed to

report the value of the assets sold at the original cost as

recorded in the books of the seller. The respondent also

was requested to report retirements of equipment or

structures owned by a parent company that the establishment was using as if it were a tenant.

TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES (NEW AND USED)

For establishments in operation and any known plants

under construction, manufacturers were asked to report

their new and used expenditures for (1) permanent additions and major alterations to manufacturing establishments and (2) machinery and equipment used for replacement and additions to plant capacity if they were of the

type for which depreciation accounts were ordinarily maintained.

Totals for expenditures include the costs of assets

leased from nonmanufacturing concerns through capital

leases. New facilities owned by the Federal Government

but operated under contract by private companies and

plant and equipment furnished to the manufacturer by

communities and nonprofit organizations are excluded.

Also excluded are expenditures for land and cost of maintenance and repairs charged as current operating

expenses.

For any equipment or structure transferred for the use

of the reporting establishment by the parent company or

one of its subsidiaries, the value at which it was transferred to the establishment was to be reported. If an

establishment changed ownership during the year, the

cost of the fixed assets (building and equipment) was to

be reported.

VALUE ADDED

This measure of manufacturing activity is derived by

subtracting the cost of materials, supplies, containers,

fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work from the

value of shipments (products manufactured plus receipts

for services rendered). The result of this calculation is

adjusted by the addition of value added by merchandising

operations (i.e., the difference between the sales value

and the cost of merchandise sold without further manufacture, processing, or assembly) plus the net change in finished goods and work-in-process between the beginningand end-of-year inventories.

For those industries where value of production is collected instead of value of shipments, value added is

adjusted only for the change in work-in-process inventories between the beginning and end of year. For those

industries where value of work done is collected, the value

added does not include an adjustment for the change in

finished goods or work-in-process inventories.

‘‘Value added’’ avoids the duplication in the figure for

value of shipments that results from the use of products

of some establishments as materials by others. Value

added is considered to be the best value measure available for comparing the relative economic importance of

manufacturing among industries and geographic areas.

VALUE OF SHIPMENTS

This item covers the received or receivable net selling

values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of freight and taxes), of all

products shipped, both primary and secondary, as well as

all miscellaneous receipts, such as receipts for contract

work performed for others, installation and repair, sales of

scrap, and sales of products bought and sold without further processing. Included are all items made by or for the

establishments from material owned by it, whether sold,

transferred to other plants of the same company, or

shipped on consignment. The net selling value of products

made in one plant on a contract basis from materials

owned by another was reported by the plant providing the

materials.

In the case of multiunit companies, the manufacturer

was requested to report the value of products transferred

to other establishments of the same company at full economic or commercial value, including not only the direct

cost of production but also a reasonable proportion of ‘‘all

other costs’’ (including company overhead) and profit.

In addition to the value for NAICS defined products,

aggregates of the following categories of miscellaneous

receipts are reported as part of a total establishment’s

value of product shipments:

1. Reported contract work—Receipts for work or services

that a plant performed for others on their materials.

2. Value of resales—Sales of products brought and sold

without further manufacture, processing, or assembly.

3. Other miscellaneous receipts—Such as repair work,

installation, sales of scrap, etc.

Industry primary product value of shipments represents

one of the three components of value of shipments. These

components are:

1. Primary products value of shipments.

2. Secondary product value of shipments.

3. Total miscellaneous receipts.

Primary product shipments is used in the calculations of

industry specialization ratio and industry coverage ratio.

The term ‘‘Value of primary products shipments made in

this industry’’ is used in this publication and refers to the

same data.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX A A–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Duplication in Cost of Materials and Value of

Shipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value of

shipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication

since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the

addition of related industries representing successive

stages in the production of a finished manufactured product. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in

the food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper

mills in the paper and allied products group of industries.

Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate

that the value of manufactured products exclusive of such

duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to

approximate two-thirds of the total value of products

reported in the annual survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is

significant within a number of industry groups, e.g.,

machinery and transportation industries. These industries

frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In

this case, the parts made for original equipment are materials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is

involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual

manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of

the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other

processing costs of value of shipments, both among

industries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments

were not published for some industries which included

considerable duplication. Since then, these data have been

published for all industries at the U.S. level and beginning

in 1964, for all geographic levels.

Specialization and Coverage Ratios

These items are not collected on the report forms but

are derived from the data shown in Table 3. An establishment is classified in a particular industry if its shipments

of primary products of that industry exceed in value its

shipments of the products of any other single industry.

An establishment’s shipments include those products

assigned to an industry (primary products), those considered primary to other industries (secondary products), and

receipts for miscellaneous activities (merchandising, contract work, resales, etc.). Specialization and coverage

ratios have been developed to measure the relationship of

primary product shipments to the data on shipments for

the industry shown in Tables 1a through 5 and data on

product shipments shown in Tables 6a and 6b.

Specialization ratio represents the ratio of primary

product shipments to total product shipments (primary

and secondary, excluding miscellaneous receipts) for the

establishments classified in the industry.

Coverage ratio represents the ratio of primary products

shipped by the establishments classified in the industry to

the total shipments of such products that are shipped by

all manufacturing establishments wherever classified.

A–6 APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix B.

NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions

325131 INORGANIC DYE AND PIGMENT

MANUFACTURING

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily

engaged in manufacturing inorganic dyes and pigments.

The data published with NAICS code 325131 include

the following SIC industries:

2816 Inorganic pigments (pt)

2819 Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. (pt)

MANUFACTURING—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX B B–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix C.

Coverage and Methodology

MAIL/NONMAIL UNIVERSE

The manufacturing universe includes about 400,000

establishments. This number includes those industries in

the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

definition of manufacturing, but not those industries leaving the manufacturing sector in the classification change.

The amounts of information requested from manufacturing establishments were dependent upon a number of factors. The more important considerations were the size of

the company and whether it was included in the annual

survey of manufactures (ASM). The methods of obtaining

information for the various subsets of the universe to

arrive at the aggregate figures shown in the publication

are described below:

1. Small single-establishment companies not sent a

report form.

Approximately 40 percent of the manufacturing

establishments were small single-establishment companies that were excused from filing a census report.

Selection of these establishments was based on two

factors: annual payroll and our ability to assign the

correct six-digit NAICS industry classification to the

establishment. For each four-digit Standard Industrial

Classification (SIC) industry code, an annual payroll

cutoff was determined. These cutoffs were derived so

that the establishments with payroll less than the cutoff were expected to account for no more than 3 percent of the value of shipments for the industry. Generally, all single-establishment companies with less than

5 employees were excused, while all establishments

with more than 20 employees were mailed forms.

Establishments below the cutoff that could not be

directly assigned a six-digit NAICS code were mailed a

classification report which requested information for

assigning NAICS industry codes. Establishments below

the cutoff that could be directly assigned a six-digit

NAICS code were excused from filing any report. For

below cutoff establishments, information on the

physical location, payroll, and receipts was obtained

from the administrative records of other Federal agencies under special arrangements that safeguarded

their confidentiality.

Estimates of data for these small establishments

were developed using industry averages in conjunction with the administrative information. The value of

shipments and cost of materials were not distributed

among specific products and materials for these

establishments but were included in the product and

material ‘‘not specified by kind’’ (nsk) categories.

The industry classification codes included in the

administrative-record files were assigned on the basis

of brief descriptions of the general activity of the

establishment. As a result, an indeterminate number

of establishments were erroneously coded to a fourdigit SIC industry and then erroneously re-coded to a

six-digit NAICS industry. This was especially true

whenever there was a relatively fine line of demarcation between industries or between manufacturing

and nonmanufacturing activity.

Sometimes the administrative-record cases had

only two- or three-digit SIC group classification codes

available in the files. For the 1997 Economic Census –

Manufacturing, these establishments were sent a

separate classification form, which requested information on the products and services of the establishment. This form was used to code many of these

establishments to the appropriate six-digit NAICS

level. Establishments that did not return the classification form were coded later to those six-digit NAICS

industries identified as ‘‘All other’’ industries within

the given subsector.

As a result of these situations, a number of small

establishments may have been misclassified by industry. However, such possible misclassification has no

significant effect on the statistics other than on the

number of companies and establishments.

The total establishment count for individual industries should be viewed as an approximation rather

than a precise measurement. The counts for establishments with 20 employees or more are far more reliable than the count of total number of establishments.

2. Establishments sent a report form.

The establishments covered in the mail canvass

were divided into three groups:

a. ASM sample establishments.

This group accounts for approximately 15 percent of all manufacturing establishments. The ASM

panel covers all the units of large manufacturing

establishments as well as a sample of the medium

and smaller establishments. The probability of

selection was proportionate to size. For more information, see the Description of the ASM Survey

Sample.

MANUFACTURING APPENDIX C C–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
In an economic census year, the ASM report form

(MA-1000) replaces the first page of the regular

census form for those establishments included in

the ASM. In addition to information on employment, payroll, and other items normally requested

on the regular census form, establishments in the

ASM sample were requested to supply additional

information on gross book value of assets and

capital expenditures. ASM establishments were also

requested to provide information on retirements,

depreciation, rental payments, and supplemental

labor costs. For establishments not included in the

ASM, these additional items were estimated using

relationships observed in the ASM establishment

data. The census statistics for these variables are a

sum of the ASM establishment data and the estimated data for non-ASM establishments. ASM

establishments were also requested to provide

information for selected purchased services. The

census statistics for the purchased service items

were derived solely from the ASM establishments.

See Appendix A, Explanation of Terms for an explanation of these items. The census part of the report

form is 1 of 220 versions containing product, material, and special inquiries. The diversity of manufacturing activities necessitated the use of this many

forms to canvass the 480 manufacturing industries.

Each form was developed for a group of related

industries.

Appearing on each form was a list of products

primary to the group of related industries as well

as secondary products and miscellaneous services

that establishments classified in these industries

were likely to perform. Respondents were

requested to identify the products, the value of

each product, and, in many cases, the quantity of

the product shipped during the survey year. Space

also was provided for the respondent to describe

products not specifically identified on the form.

The report form also contained a materialsconsumed inquiry which varied from form to form

depending on the industries being canvassed. The

respondents were asked to review a list of materials generally used in their production processes.

From this list, each establishment was requested to

identify those materials consumed during the survey year, the cost of each, and, in certain cases, the

quantity consumed. Once again, space was provided for the respondent to describe significant

materials not identified on the form.

A wide variety of special inquiries was included

to measure activities peculiar to a given industry,

such as operations performed and equipment used.

b. Large and medium establishments (non-ASM).

Approximately 30 percent of all manufacturing

establishments were included in this group. A variable cutoff, based on administrative-record payroll

data and determined on an industry-by-industry

basis, was used to select those establishments that

were to receive 1 of the 220 economic census –

manufacturing regular forms. The first page,

requesting establishment data for items such as

employment and payroll, was standard but did not

contain the detailed statistics included on the ASM

form. The product, material, and special inquiry

sections supplied were based on the historical

industry classification of the establishment.

c. Small single-establishment companies (non-ASM).

This group includes approximately 15 percent of

all manufacturing establishments. For those industries where application of the variable cutoff for

administrative-record cases resulted in a large number of small establishments being included in the

mail canvass, an abbreviated or short form was

used. These establishments received 1 of the 31

versions of the short form, which requested summary product and material data and totals but no

details on employment, payroll, cost of materials,

inventories, and capital expenditures.

Use of the short form has no adverse effect on

published totals for the industry statistics because

the same data were collected on the short form as

on the long form. However, detailed information on

products and materials consumed was not collected on the short form; thus, its use would

increase the value of the nsk categories.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF

ESTABLISHMENTS

Each of the establishments covered in the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing was classified in 1 of 480

industries (473 manufacturing industries and 7 former

manufacturing industries) in accordance with the industry

definitions in the 1997 NAICS Manual. This is the first edition of the NAICS Manual and it is a major change from the

1987 SIC Manual that was used previously. Appendix A of

the 1997 NAICS Manual notes the comparability between

the 1987 SIC and 1997 NAICS classification systems. When

applicable, Appendix G of this report shows the product

class and product comparability between the two systems

for data in this report.

In the NAICS system, an industry is generally defined as

a group of establishments that have similar production

processes. To the extent practical, the system uses supplybased or production-oriented concepts in defining industries. The resulting group of establishments must be significant in terms of number, value added by manufacture,

value of shipments, and number of employees.

C–2 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
The coding system works in such a way that the definitions progressively become narrower with successive

additions of numerical digits. In the manufacturing sector

for 1997, there are 21 subsectors (three-digit NAICS), 86

industry groups (four-digit NAICS), 184 NAICS industries

(five-digit NAICS) that are comparable with Canadian and

Mexican classification, and 473 U.S. industries (six-digit

NAICS). This represents an expansion of the four-digit SICbased U.S. industries from 459 in 1987. Product classes

and products of the manufacturing industries have been

assigned codes based on the industry from which they

originate. In the new system, there are about 1,500 product classes (seven-digit codes), about 6,000 census products, and an additional 3,700 CIR products (ten-digit

codes). The ten-digit products are considered the primary

products of the industry with the same first six digits.

These counts do not include the seven former manufacturing industries that are included in the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing.

For the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing, all

establishments were classified in particular industries

based on the products they produced. If an establishment

made products of more than one industry, it was classified

in the industry with the largest product value. For 1997,

there were no ‘‘resistance rules’’ or ‘‘frozen industries.’’

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM

sample with certainty weights are reclassified by industry

only if the change in the primary activity from the prior

year is significant or if the change has occurred for 2 successive years. This procedure prevents reclassification

when there are minor shifts in product mix.

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM

sample with noncertainty weight are not shifted from one

industry classification to another. They are retained in the

industry where they were classified in the base census

year. However, in the following census year, these ASM

plants are allowed to shift from one industry to another.

The results of these rules covering the switching of

plants from one industry classification to another are that

some industries comprise different mixes of establishments in different survey years. Hence, comparisons

between prior-year and current-year published totals, particularly at the six-digit NAICS level, should be viewed

with caution. This is particularly true for the comparison

between the data shown for a census year versus the data

shown for the previous ASM year.

As previously noted, the small establishments that may

have been misclassified by industry are usually

administrative-record cases whose industry codes were

assigned on the basis of incomplete descriptions of the

general activity of the establishment. Such possible misclassifications have no significant effect on the statistics

other than on the number of companies and establishments.

Establishments frequently make products classified

both in their industry (primary products) and other industries (secondary products). Industry statistics (employment, payroll, value added by manufacture, value of shipments, etc.) reflect the activities of the establishments

which may make both primary and secondary products.

Product statistics, however, represent the output of all

establishments without regard for the classification of the

producing establishment. For this reason, when relating

the industry statistics, especially the value of shipments,

to the product statistics, the composition of the industry’s

output should be considered.

The extent to which industry and product statistics may

be matched with each other is measured by the primary

product specialization ratio and the coverage ratio. The

primary product specialization ratio is the proportion of

industry shipments accounted for by the primary products

of establishments classified in the industry. The coverage

ratio is the proportion of product shipments accounted for

by establishments classified in the industry.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census – manufacturing is conducted on

an establishment basis. A company operating at more

than one location is required to file a separate report for

each location or establishment. The ASM also is conducted

on an establishment basis, but separate reports are filed

for just those establishments selected in the sample. Companies engaged in distinctly different lines of activity at

one location are requested to submit separate reports if

the plant records permit such a separation and if the

activities are substantial in size.

In 1997, as in earlier years, a minimum size limit was

set for inclusion of establishments in the census. All establishments employing one person or more at any time during the census year are included. The same size limitation

has applied since 1947 in censuses and annual surveys of

manufactures. In the 1939 and earlier censuses, establishments with less than $5,000 value of products were

excluded. The change in the minimum size limit in 1947

does not appreciably affect the historical comparability of

the census figures except for data on number of establishments for a few industries.

The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing excludes

data for central administrative offices (CAOs). These

would include separately operated administrative offices,

warehouses, garages, and other auxiliary units that service manufacturing establishments of the same company.

These data are published in a separate report series.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ASM SURVEY SAMPLE

The annual survey of manufactures (ASM) sample is

drawn for the second survey year after a census. The most

recent sample was drawn for the 1994 survey year based

on the 1992 Census of Manufactures. This sample will be

in place through the 1998 ASM.

MANUFACTURING APPENDIX C C–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
In 1992, there were approximately 370,000 individual

manufacturing establishments. For sample efficiency and

cost considerations, the 1992 manufacturing population

was partitioned into two components for developing estimates within the ASM; a mail stratum and a nonmail stratum.

Mail stratum. The mail stratum of the survey is comprised of larger single-location manufacturing companies

and all manufacturing establishments of multiunit companies (companies that operate at more than one physical

location). Approximately 230,000 of the 370,000 establishments in the 1992 census were assigned to the mail

stratum. On an annual basis, the mail stratum is supplemented with larger, newly active single-location companies identified from a list provided by the Internal Revenue

Service (IRS) and new manufacturing locations of multiunit

companies identified from the Census Bureau’s Company

Organization Survey (COS).

For the 1994 survey, a new sample of approximately

58,000 individual establishments was selected from the

mail stratum assembled from the 1992 census. Supplemental samples representing both 1993 and 1994 births

(newly active establishments that were not included in the

1992 census) were also selected. Establishments selected

for the sample are mailed an ASM survey questionnaire for

each year through 1998.

The 1994-98 ASM sample design is similar to the one

used since 1984. Companies in the 1992 Census of Manufactures with manufacturing shipments of at least $500

million were defined as company certainties. For these

large companies, each manufacturing establishment is

included in the mail sample. For the 1994-98 sample,

there are approximately 650 certainty companies collectively accounting for over 18,000 establishments.

For the remaining portion of the mail component of the

survey, the establishment was defined as the sample unit.

All establishments with 250 employees or more were

defined as employment certainties. In addition, all establishments producing products in SIC 3571 (Electronic

Computers) were defined as certainties. Across these three

arbitrary certainty classes, there were approximately

25,000 establishments included in the sample with certainty. Collectively, these certainty establishments

accounted for approximately 80 percent of the total value

of shipments in the 1992 Census of Manufactures.

Smaller establishments in the remaining portion of the

mail stratum were sampled with probabilities ranging

from .02 to 1.00. The initial probabilities of selection

assigned to these establishments were proportionate to a

measure-of-size determined for each establishment. The

measure-of-size was a function of the establishment’s

1992 industry classification, its 1992 product class data,

and the historical variability of the year-to-year estimates

of the product class estimates. For each product class

(1,755) and four-digit industry (459), a desired reliability

constraint was specified. Using a technique developed by

Dr. James R. Chromy of the Research Triangle Institute, the

initial establishment probabilities were optimized such

that the expected sample satisfied all industry and product class reliability constraints while the sample size was

minimized. This technique reduces the likelihood of

selecting nonrepresentative samples for individual product

classes or industries.

This method of assigning probabilities based on product class shipments is motivated by our primary desire to

produce reliable estimates of both product class and

industry shipments. The high correlation between shipments and employment, value-added, and other general

statistics assures that these variables will also be well represented by the sample. The actual sample selection procedure uses an independent chance of selection method

(Poisson sampling) which permits us to prevent small

establishments from being selected in consecutive

samples without introducing a bias into the survey estimates.

Nonmail component. The initial nonmail component of

the survey was comprised of approximately 140,000

small, single-establishment companies that were tabulated

as administrative records in the 1992 Census of Manufactures. The nonmail stratum is also supplemented annually

using the list of newly active single-location companies

provided by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and payroll

cutoffs. Companies with payroll below the payroll cutoff

are added to the nonmail stratum. For this portion of the

population, sampling is not used. The data for this group

are estimated based on selected information obtained

annually from the administrative records of the IRS and

Social Security Administration (SSA). This administrative

information, which includes payroll, total employment,

industry classification, and physical location, is obtained

under conditions which safeguard the confidentiality of

both tax and census records.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ASM ESTIMATING

PROCEDURE

Most of the ASM estimates derived for the mail stratum

are computed using a difference estimator. At the establishment level, there is a strong correlation between the

current-year data values and the corresponding 1992

(base) data values. Therefore, within the mailed stratum,

for each item at each level of aggregation, an estimate of

the ‘‘difference’’ between the current year and the base

year is computed from sample cases and added to the corresponding base-year values. For the 1993-1997 ASM estimates, the 1992 Census of Manufactures values serve as

the base year. For the 1998 ASM, the base will be updated

to be the 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing.

Due to the positive year-to-year correlation, estimates

derived using this methodology are generally more reliable than comparable estimates developed from the current sample data alone. Estimates for the capital expenditures variables are not generated using the difference

C–4 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
estimator because the year-to-year correlations are considerably weaker. The standard linear estimator is used for

these variables.

For the nonmail stratum, estimates for payroll and

employment are directly tabulated from the

administrative-record data provided by IRS and SSA. Estimates of data other than payroll and employment are

developed from industry averages. Although the nonmail

stratum contains approximately 170,000 individual establishments in 1994, it accounts for less than 2 percent of

the estimate for total value of shipments at the total

manufacturing level.

Corresponding estimates for the mail and nonmail components are combined to produce the estimates included

in this publication.

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE ASM DATA

The estimates developed from the sample are apt to

differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all

companies in the sample lists but otherwise conducted

under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample

survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling

errors (the difference between the estimates obtained and

the results theoretically obtained from a comparable,

complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard

errors of estimates.

The particular sample selected for the ASM is one of

many similar probability samples that, by chance, might

have been selected under the same specifications. Each of

the possible samples would yield somewhat different sets

of results, and the standard errors are measures of the

variation of all the possible sample estimates around the

theoretically comparable, complete-coverage values.

Estimates of the standard errors have been computed

from the sample data for selected ASM statistics in this

report. They are represented in the form of relative standard errors (the standard errors divided by the estimated

values to which they refer).

In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative

standard error may be used to define confidence intervals

(ranges that would include the comparable, completecoverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples).

The complete-coverage value would be included in the

range:

From one standard error below to one standard error

above the derived estimate for about two-thirds of all

possible samples.

From two standard errors below to two standard

errors above the derived estimate for about 19 out of

20 of all possible samples.

From three standard errors below to three standard

errors above the derived estimate for nearly all

samples.

An inference that the comparable, complete-survey

result would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in approximately the relative frequencies shown.

Those proportions, therefore, may be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular

sample would differ from complete-coverage results by as

much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively.

For example, suppose an estimated total is shown at

50,000 with an associated relative standard error of

2 percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of

50,000). There is approximately 67 percent confidence

that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the completecoverage total, about 95 percent confidence that the interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage

total, and almost certain confidence that the interval

47,000 to 53,000 includes the complete-coverage total.

In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are subject to various response and operational errors: errors of

collection, reporting, coding, transcription, imputation for

nonresponse, etc. These operational errors also would

occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under

the same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of

their effects generally are not available. However, it is

believed that most of the important operational errors

were detected and corrected during the Census Bureau’s

review of the data for reasonableness and consistency.

The small operational errors usually remain. To some

extent, they are compensating in the aggregated totals

shown. When important operational errors were detected

too late to correct the estimates, the data were suppressed

or were specifically qualified in the tables.

As derived, the estimated standard errors included part

of the effect of the operational errors. The total errors,

which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and

operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated by the standard error, or moderately higher. However, for particular estimates, the total error may considerably exceed the standard errors shown. Any figures shown

in the tables in this publication having an associated standard error exceeding 15 percent may be combined with

higher level totals, creating a broader aggregate, which

then may be of acceptable reliability.

DATA FROM THE CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS

(CIR)

The CIR program provides product statistics for

selected manufacturing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in some cases, monthly and/or quarterly. When

detail product data are collected in the CIR, they are not

also collected in the census. However, the annual CIR data

are included in the census Product Summary report.

The CIR program uses a unified data collection, processing, and publication system. The Census Bureau

updates the survey panels for most reports annually and

reconciles the estimates to the results of the broaderbased annual survey of manufactures and the economic

MANUFACTURING APPENDIX C C–5

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
census – manufacturing. The economic census – manufacturing provides a complete list of all producers of the

products covered by the CIR program and serves as the

primary source for CIR sampling. Where a small number of

producers exist, CIR surveys cover all known producers of

a product. However, when the number of producers is

large, cutoff and random sampling techniques are used.

Surveys are continually reviewed and modified to provide

the most up-to-date information on products produced.

While the CIR program includes both mandatory and voluntary surveys, the annual data are mandatory.

DUPLICATION IN COST OF MATERIALS AND VALUE

OF SHIPMENTS

Data for cost of materials and value of shipments

include varying amounts of duplication, especially at

higher levels of aggregation. This is because the products

of one establishment may be the materials of another. The

value added statistics avoid this duplication and are, for

most purposes, the best measure for comparing the relative economic importance of industries and geographic

areas.

VALUE OF INDUSTRY SHIPMENTS COMPARED WITH

VALUE OF PRODUCT SHIPMENTS

The 1997 Economic Census – Manufacturing shows

value of shipments data for industries and products. In the

industry statistics tables and files, these data represent

the total value of shipments of all establishments classified in a particular industry. The data include the shipments of the products classified in the industry (primary

to the industry), products classified in other industries

(secondary to the industry), and miscellaneous receipts

(repair work, sale of scrap, research and development,

installation receipts, and resales). Value of product shipments shown in the products statistics tables and files

represent the total value of all products shipped that are

classified as primary to an industry regardless of the classification of the producing establishment.

C–6 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURING

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix D.

Geographic Notes

Not applicable for this report.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX D D–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix E.

Metropolitan Areas

Not applicable for this report.

1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS APPENDIX E E–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
Appendix F.

Footnotes for Products Statistics and Materials Consumed

by Kind

Part 1. Products Statistics (Tables 6a and 6b)

NAICS product code Footnote

@3251311 For additional detail, see Current Industrial Report MA325A, Inorganic Chemicals. ..............

@3251317 For additional detail, see Current Industrial Report MA325A, Inorganic Chemicals. ..............

Part 2. Materials Consumed by Kind (Table 7)

 Not applicable.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX F F–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Oct. 22, 1999
Appendix G.

Comparability of Product Classes and Product Codes:

1997 to 1992

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3251101 28656 ........... ............ 28656

3251101111 2865658 ....... .......... 2865658

3251101121 2865659 ....... .......... 2865659

3251101YWV 2865600 ...... .......... 2865600

3251104 28691 ........... ............ 28691 3251104111 2869132 ....... .......... 2869132 3251104121 2869133 ....... .......... 2869133 3251104YWV 2869100 ...... .......... 2869100

325110W pt 28650 pt ........ .......... 28650 pt

325110W pt 28690 pt ........ .......... 28690 pt

325110WYWW pt 2865000 pt ... ........ 2865000 pt

325110WYWW pt 2869000 pt ... ........ 2869000 pt

325110WYWY pt 2865002 pt ... ........ 2865002 pt

325110WYWY pt 2869002 pt ... ........ 2869002 pt

3251201 28132 ........... ............ 28132

3251201000 2813200 ....... .......... 2813200

3251204 28133 ........... ............ 28133

3251204000 2813300 ....... .......... 2813300

3251207 28135 ........... ............ 28135

3251207000 2813500 ....... .......... 2813500

325120A 28136 ........... ............ 28136

325120A000 2813600 ....... .......... 2813600

325120D pt 28137 ........ ............ 28137

325120D pt 28697 pt ........ .......... 28697 pt

325120D000 pt 2813700 ..... .......... 2813700 325120D000 pt 2869711 ..... .......... 2869700 pt

325120W pt 28130 ........ ............ 28130

325120W pt 28690 pt ........ .......... 28690 pt

325120WYWW pt 2813000 ... .......... 2813000

325120WYWW pt 2869000 pt ... ........ 2869000 pt

325120WYWY pt 2813002 ... .......... 2813002 325120WYWY pt 2869002 pt ... ........ 2869002 pt

3251311 28161 ........... ............ 28161 3251311000 2816100 ....... .......... 2816100

3251314 28162 ........... ............ 28162

3251314111 2816224 ....... .......... 2816224

3251314121 2816255 ....... .......... 2816255

3251314131 2816265 ....... .......... 2816265

3251314YWV 2816200 ...... .......... 2816200

3251317 pt 28163 pt ......... .......... 28163 pt

3251317 pt 28199 pt ......... .......... 28199 pt

3251317110 2816310 ....... .......... 2816310

3251317211 2816331 ....... .......... 2816331

3251317311 2816327 ....... .......... 2816327

3251317321 2816391 ....... .......... 2816391

3251317331 pt 2816398 ..... .......... 2816398

3251317331 pt 2819991 ..... .......... 2819900 pt

3251317YWV pt 2816300 pt .... ........ 2816300 pt

3251317YWV pt 2819900 pt .... ........ 2819900 pt

325131W pt 28160 pt ........ .......... 28160 pt

325131W pt 28190 pt ........ .......... 28190 pt

325131WYWW pt 2816000 pt ... ........ 2816000 pt

325131WYWW pt 2819000 pt ... ........ 2819000 pt

325131WYWY pt 2816002 pt ... ........ 2816002 pt

325131WYWY pt 2819002 pt ... ........ 2819002 pt

3251321 28652 ........... ............ 28652

3251321100 2865200 ....... .......... 2865200

3251324 28653 ........... ............ 28653

3251324100 2865300 ....... .......... 2865300

325132W 28650 pt .......... .......... 28650 pt

325132WYWW 2865000 pt ..... ........ 2865000 pt

325132WYWY 2865002 pt ..... ........ 2865002 pt

3251811 28121 ........... ............ 28121

3251811000 2812100 ....... .......... 2812100

3251814 28123 ........... ............ 28123

3251814000 2812300 ....... .......... 2812300

3251817 28125 ........... ............ 28125

3251817000 2812500 ....... .......... 2812500

325181W 28120 .......... ............ 28120 325181WYWW 2812000 ..... .......... 2812000 325181WYWY 2812002 ..... .......... 2812002

3251820 pt 28160 pt ......... .......... 28160 pt

3251820 pt 28163 pt ......... .......... 28163 pt

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3251820 pt 28950 ......... ............ 28950

3251820100 pt 2816388 ..... .......... 2816388

3251820100 pt 2895000 ..... .......... 2895000

3251820YWW pt 2816000 pt ... ........ 2816000 pt

3251820YWW pt 2816300 pt ... ........ 2816300 pt

3251820YWY pt 2816002 pt .... ........ 2816002 pt

3251820YWY pt 2895002 .... .......... 2895002

3251881 28193 ........... ............ 28193

3251881000 2819300 ....... .......... 2819300

3251884 28194 ........... ............ 28194

3251884000 2819400 ....... .......... 2819400

3251887 28196 ........... ............ 28196

3251887000 2819600 ....... .......... 2819600

325188A 28197 ........... ............ 28197

325188A000 2819700 ....... .......... 2819700

325188D 28198 .......... ............ 28198

325188D000 2819800 ....... .......... 2819800

325188G pt 28199 pt ........ .......... 28199 pt

325188G pt 28697 pt ........ .......... 28697 pt

325188G000 pt 2819997 ..... .......... 2819900 pt

325188G000 pt 2819900 pt ..... ........ 2819900 pt

325188G000 pt 2869713 ..... .......... 2869700 pt

325188W pt 28190 pt ........ .......... 28190 pt

325188W pt 28690 pt ........ .......... 28690 pt

325188WYWW pt 2819000 pt ... ........ 2819000 pt

325188WYWW pt 2869000 pt ... ........ 2869000 pt

325188WYWY pt 2819002 pt ... ........ 2819002 pt

325188WYWY pt 2869002 pt ... ........ 2869002 pt

3251910 28610 ........... ............ 28610

3251910111 2861010 ....... .......... 2861010

3251910121 2861020 ....... .......... 2861020

3251910231 2861025 ....... .......... 2861025

3251910241 pt 2861031 pt ..... ........ 2861030

3251910241 pt 2861031 pt ..... ........ 2861035

3251910291 pt 2861049 pt ..... ........ 2861015

3251910291 pt 2861049 pt ..... ........ 2861040

3251910YWW 2861000 ...... .......... 2861000

3251910YWY 2861002 ...... .......... 2861002

3251921 28651 ........... ............ 28651

3251921100 2865100 ....... .......... 2865100

3251924 28655 ........... ............ 28655

3251924100 2865500 ....... .......... 2865500

325192W 28650 pt .......... .......... 28650 pt

325192WYWW 2865000 pt ..... ........ 2865000 pt

325192WYWY 2865002 pt ..... ........ 2865002 pt

3251930 pt 28690 pt ......... .......... 28690 pt

3251930 pt 28692 ......... ............ 28692

3251930111 2869215 ....... .......... 2869215

3251930211 2869210 ....... .......... 2869210

3251930221 2869219 ....... .......... 2869219

3251930311 2869225 ....... .......... 2869225

3251930411 2869220 ....... .......... 2869220

3251930511 2869229 ....... .......... 2869229

3251930YWW pt 2869000 pt ... ........ 2869000 pt

3251930YWW pt 2869200 ... .......... 2869200

3251930YWY 2869002 pt ...... ........ 2869002 pt

3251991 pt 28697 pt ......... .......... 28697 pt

3251991 pt 28992 ......... ............ 28992

3251991111 2899211 ....... .......... 2899211 3251991121 2899224 ....... .......... 2899224 3251991131 2899259 ....... .......... 2899259 3251991141 2899261 ....... .......... 2899261

3251991151 2899283 ....... .......... 2899283

3251991161 2899292 ....... .......... 2899292

3251991171 2899294 ....... .......... 2899294

3251991181 2869715 ....... .......... 2869700 pt

3251991YWV pt 2869700 .... .......... 2869700 pt

3251991YWV pt 2899200 .... .......... 2899200

3251994 28694 ........... ............ 28694

3251994100 2869400 ....... .......... 2869400

3251997 28698 pt ........... .......... 28698 pt 3251997100 2869831 ....... .......... 2869831

325199A 28698 pt ........... .......... 28698 pt

325199A100 2869837 ....... .......... 2869837

325199E 28698 pt ........... .......... 28698 pt 325199E111 2869853 ....... .......... 2869853 325199E121 2869855 ....... .......... 2869855 325199EYWV 2869800 ...... .......... 2869800

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

325199H 28693 pt .......... .......... 28693 pt

325199H111 2869313 ....... .......... 2869313

325199H121 2869315 ....... .......... 2869315

325199HYWV 2869300 ...... .......... 2869300 pt

325199K 28693 pt ........... .......... 28693 pt 325199K100 2869331 ....... .......... 2869331

325199N 28693 pt .......... .......... 28693 pt

325199N100 2869351 ....... .......... 2869351

325199R 28693 pt .......... .......... 28693 pt 325199R100 2869399 ....... .......... 2869300 pt

325199T pt 28696 ........ ............ 28696

325199T pt 28698 pt ........ .......... 28698 pt

325199T100 pt 2869600 ..... .......... 2869600

325199T100 pt 2869898 ..... .......... 2869898

325199U 28697 pt .......... .......... 28697 pt

325199U100 2869719 ....... .......... 2869700 pt

325199W pt 28690 pt ........ .......... 28690 pt

325199W pt 28990 pt ........ .......... 28990 pt

325199WYWW pt 2869000 pt ... ........ 2869000 pt

325199WYWW pt 2899000 pt ... ........ 2899000 pt

325199WYWY pt 2869002 pt ... ........ 2869002 pt

325199WYWY pt 2899002 pt ... ........ 2899002 pt

3252111 28213 ........... ............ 28213

3252111100 2821300 ....... .......... 2821300

3252114 28214 ........... ............ 28214

3252114100 2821400 ....... .......... 2821400

325211W 28210 .......... ............ 28210

325211WYWW 2821000 ..... .......... 2821000

325211WYWY 2821002 ..... .......... 2821002

3252120 28220 ........... ............ 28220 3252120111 2822011 ....... .......... 2822011 3252120211 2822012 ....... .......... 2822012 3252120311 2822040 ....... .......... 2822040 3252120321 2822045 ....... .......... 2822045 3252120411 2822050 ....... .......... 2822050 3252120511 2822057 ....... .......... 2822057 3252120611 2822060 ....... .......... 2822060 3252120711 2822072 ....... .......... 2822072 3252120811 2822082 ....... .......... 2822082 3252120YWW 2822000 ...... .......... 2822000 3252120YWY 2822002 ...... .......... 2822002

3252210 28230 ........... ............ 28230

3252210111 2823033 ....... .......... 2823033

3252210121 2823037 ....... .......... 2823037

3252210131 2823036 ....... .......... 2823036

3252210141 2823045 ....... .......... 2823045

3252210YWW 2823000 ...... .......... 2823000

3252210YWY 2823002 ...... .......... 2823002

3252221 28241 ........... ............ 28241 3252221111 2824115 ....... .......... 2824115 3252221121 2824124 ....... .......... 2824124

3252221131 2824129 ....... .......... 2824129

3252221141 2824133 ....... .......... 2824133

3252221151 2824145 ....... .......... 2824145

3252221YWV 2824100 ...... .......... 2824100

3252224 28242 ........... ............ 28242

3252224111 2824261 ....... .......... 2824261

3252224121 2824263 ....... .......... 2824263

3252224131 2824265 ....... .......... 2824265

3252224141 2824266 ....... .......... 2824266 3252224151 2824269 ....... .......... 2824269 3252224YWV 2824200 ...... .......... 2824200

3252227 28244 ........... ............ 28244

3252227111 2824415 ....... .......... 2824415

3252227211 2824429 ....... .......... 2824429

3252227311 2824442 ....... .......... 2824442

3252227411 2824444 ....... .......... 2824444

3252227421 2824447 ....... .......... 2824447

3252227YWV 2824400 ...... .......... 2824400

325222A 28249 ........... ............ 28249 325222A111 2824915 ....... .......... 2824915 325222A121 2824917 ....... .......... 2824917 325222A131 2824919 ....... .......... 2824919 325222AYWV 2824900 ...... .......... 2824900

325222D 28248 .......... ............ 28248

325222D111 2824815 ....... .......... 2824815

325222D211 2824851 ....... .......... 2824851

325222D221 2824875 ....... .......... 2824875

325222D231 2824879 ....... .......... 2824879

325222DYWV 2824800 ...... .......... 2824800

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX G G–1

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

325222W 28240 .......... ............ 28240

325222WYWW 2824000 ..... .......... 2824000

325222WYWY 2824002 ..... .......... 2824002

3253111 28731 ........... ............ 28731 3253111000 2873100 ....... .......... 2873100

3253114 28732 ........... ............ 28732

3253114000 2873200 ....... .......... 2873200

3253117 28733 ........... ............ 28733 3253117100 2873300 ....... .......... 2873300

325311W 28730 .......... ............ 28730

325311WYWW 2873000 ..... .......... 2873000

325311WYWY 2873002 ..... .......... 2873002

3253121 28741 ........... ............ 28741

3253121000 2874100 ....... .......... 2874100

3253124 28742 ........... ............ 28742

3253124000 2874200 ....... .......... 2874200

3253127 28744 ........... ............ 28744

3253127111 2874410 ....... .......... 2874410

3253127121 2874411 ....... .......... 2874411

3253127131 2874421 ....... .......... 2874421

3253127141 2874431 ....... .......... 2874431

3253127YWV 2874400 ...... .......... 2874400

325312W 28740 .......... ............ 28740

325312WYWW 2874000 ..... .......... 2874000

325312WYWY 2874002 ..... .......... 2874002

3253140 28750 ........... ............ 28750

3253140111 2875010 ....... .......... 2875010

3253140121 2875011 ....... .......... 2875011

3253140131 2875021 ....... .......... 2875021

3253140141 2875041 ....... .......... 2875000 pt

3253140151 2875051 ....... .......... 2875000 pt

3253140161 2875061 ....... .......... 2875000 pt

3253140241 2875031 ....... .......... 2875031

3253140YWW 2875000 ...... .......... 2875000 pt

3253140YWY 2875002 ...... .......... 2875002

3253201 pt 2879A pt ......... .......... 28795 pt

3253201 pt 2879A pt ......... .......... 28796 pt

3253201 pt 2879A pt ......... .......... 28797 pt

3253201 pt 2879A pt ......... .......... 28798 pt

3253201111 2879A11 ....... .......... 2879531 pt

3253201413 2879A13 ....... .......... 2879541 pt

3253201725 2879A25 ....... .......... 2879665 pt

3253201A15 2879A15 ....... .......... 2879561 pt

3253201A17 2879A17 ....... .......... 2879581 pt

3253201A21 2879A21 ....... .......... 2879641 pt 3253201A23 2879A23 ....... .......... 2879661 pt 3253201A27 2879A27 ....... .......... 2879675 pt 3253201A29 2879A29 ....... .......... 2879685 pt 3253201A41 2879A41 ....... .......... 2879812 pt

3253201A43 2879A43 ....... .......... 2879818 pt

3253201A45 2879A45 ....... .......... 2879822 pt

3253201A47 2879A47 ....... .......... 2879885 pt

3253201D31 2879A31 ....... .......... 2879721 pt

3253201D33 2879A33 ....... .......... 2879751 pt

3253201YWV pt 2879A00 pt .... ........ 2879500 pt

3253201YWV pt 2879A00 pt .... ........ 2879600 pt

3253201YWV pt 2879A00 pt .... ........ 2879700 pt

3253201YWV pt 2879A00 pt .... ........ 2879800 pt

3253204 pt 2879C pt ......... .......... 28795 pt

3253204 pt 2879C pt ......... .......... 28796 pt

3253204 pt 2879C pt ......... .......... 28797 pt

3253204 pt 2879C pt ......... .......... 28798 pt

3253204111 2879C11 ....... .......... 2879531 pt

3253204113 2879C13 ....... .......... 2879541 pt

3253204115 2879C15 ....... .......... 2879561 pt

3253204117 2879C17 ....... .......... 2879581 pt

3253204121 2879C21 ....... .......... 2879641 pt

3253204123 2879C23 ....... .......... 2879661 pt

3253204125 2879C25 ....... .......... 2879665 pt

3253204127 2879C27 ....... .......... 2879675 pt

3253204129 2879C29 ....... .......... 2879685 pt

3253204131 2879C31 ....... .......... 2879721 pt

3253204133 2879C33 ....... .......... 2879751 pt

3253204141 2879C41 ....... .......... 2879812 pt

3253204143 2879C43 ....... .......... 2879818 pt

3253204145 2879C45 ....... .......... 2879822 pt

3253204147 2879C47 ....... .......... 2879885 pt

3253204YWV pt 2879C00 pt .... ........ 2879500 pt

3253204YWV pt 2879C00 pt .... ........ 2879600 pt

3253204YWV pt 2879C00 pt .... ........ 2879700 pt

3253204YWV pt 2879C00 pt .... ........ 2879800 pt

3253207 2879E ........... ............ 28799

3253207111 2879E11 ....... .......... 2879921

3253207113 2879E13 ....... .......... 2879924

3253207121 2879E21 ....... .......... 2879912

3253207123 2879E23 ....... .......... 2879917 3253207125 2879E25 ....... .......... 2879986 pt 3253207131 2879E31 ....... .......... 2879945 pt 3253207133 2879E33 ....... .......... 2879945 pt 3253207135 2879E35 ....... .......... 2879945 pt 3253207137 2879E37 ....... .......... 2879945 pt 3253207141 2879E41 ....... .......... 2879940 pt

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3253207143 2879E43 ....... .......... 2879940 pt

3253207145 2879E45 ....... .......... 2879940 pt

3253207151 2879E51 ....... .......... 2879986 pt

3253207155 2879E55 ....... .......... 2879971

3253207157 2879E57 ....... .......... 2879930

3253207159 2879E59 ....... .......... 2879986 pt

3253207YWV 2879E00 ...... .......... 2879900

325320W 28790 .......... ............ 28790

325320WYWW 2879000 ..... .......... 2879000

325320WYWY 2879002 ..... .......... 2879002

3254111 28331 ........... ............ 28331

3254111111 2833110 ....... .......... 2833110

3254111221 2833120 ....... .......... 2833120

3254111YWV 2833100 ...... .......... 2833100

3254114 28333 ........... ............ 28333

3254114111 2833315 ....... .......... 2833315

3254114121 2833318 ....... .......... 2833318

3254114131 2833323 ....... .......... 2833323

3254114141 2833324 ....... .......... 2833324

3254114151 2833326 ....... .......... 2833326

3254114161 2833344 ....... .......... 2833344

3254114171 2833392 ....... .......... 2833392

3254114291 2833399 ....... .......... 2833399

3254114YWV 2833300 ...... .......... 2833300

325411W 28330 .......... ............ 28330 325411WYWW 2833000 ..... .......... 2833000 325411WYWY 2833002 ..... .......... 2833002

3254121 28341 ........... ............ 28341

3254121000 2834100 ....... .......... 2834100

3254124 28342 ........... ............ 28342 3254124000 2834200 ....... .......... 2834200

3254127 28343 ........... ............ 28343 3254127000 2834300 ....... .......... 2834300

325412A 28344 ........... ............ 28344

325412A000 2834400 ....... .......... 2834400

325412D 28345 .......... ............ 28345 325412D000 2834500 ....... .......... 2834500

325412G 28346 .......... ............ 28346

325412G000 2834600 ....... .......... 2834600

325412L 28347 ........... ............ 28347

325412L000 2834700 ....... .......... 2834700

325412P 28348 ........... ............ 28348

325412P000 2834800 ....... .......... 2834800

325412T 28349 ........... ............ 28349 325412T000 2834900 ....... .......... 2834900

325412V 28352 ........... ............ 28352

325412V111 2835212 ....... .......... 2835212 325412V121 2835220 ....... .......... 2835220 325412V191 2835225 ....... .......... 2835225 325412VYWV 2835200 ...... .......... 2835200

325412W pt 28340 ........ ............ 28340

325412W pt 28350 pt ........ .......... 28350 pt

325412WYWW pt 2834000 ... .......... 2834000

325412WYWW pt 2835000 pt ... ........ 2835000 pt

325412WYWY pt 2834002 ... .......... 2834002

325412WYWY pt 2835002 pt ... ........ 2835002 pt

3254130 pt 28350 pt ......... .......... 28350 pt

3254130 pt 28351 ......... ............ 28351

3254130111 2835110 ....... .......... 2835110

3254130221 2835115 ....... .......... 2835115

3254130331 2835120 ....... .......... 2835120

3254130341 2835125 ....... .......... 2835125

3254130351 2835130 ....... .......... 2835130

3254130461 2835135 ....... .......... 2835135

3254130571 2835140 ....... .......... 2835140

3254130691 2835145 ....... .......... 2835145

3254130YWW pt 2835000 pt ... ........ 2835000 pt

3254130YWW pt 2835100 ... .......... 2835100

3254130YWY 2835002 pt ...... ........ 2835002 pt

3254141 28361 ........... ............ 28361

3254141111 2836115 ....... .......... 2836115

3254141121 2836120 ....... .......... 2836120

3254141YWV 2836100 ...... .......... 2836100

3254144 28362 ........... ............ 28362 3254144100 2836200 ....... .......... 2836200

3254147 28363 ........... ............ 28363

3254147111 2836310 ....... .......... 2836310

3254147121 2836320 ....... .......... 2836320

3254147YWV 2836300 ...... .......... 2836300

325414A 28364 ........... ............ 28364

325414A111 2836410 ....... .......... 2836410

325414A121 2836415 ....... .......... 2836415

325414A131 2836422 ....... .......... 2836422

325414A241 2836430 ....... .......... 2836430

325414AYWV 2836400 ...... .......... 2836400

325414W 28360 .......... ............ 28360

325414WYWW 2836000 ..... .......... 2836000

325414WYWY 2836002 ..... .......... 2836002

3255101 28511 ........... ............ 28511

3255101000 2851100 ....... .......... 2851100

3255104 28512 ........... ............ 28512

3255104000 2851200 ....... .......... 2851200

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3255107 28513 ........... ............ 28513

3255107000 2851300 ....... .......... 2851300

325510A pt 28515 ........ ............ 28515

325510A pt 28995 pt ........ .......... 28995 pt

325510A000 pt 2851500 ..... .......... 2851500

325510A000 pt 2899586 ..... .......... 2899586

325510W pt 28510 ........ ............ 28510

325510W pt 28990 pt ........ .......... 28990 pt

325510WYWW pt 2851000 ... .......... 2851000

325510WYWW pt 2899000 pt ... ........ 2899000 pt

325510WYWY pt 2851002 ... .......... 2851002

325510WYWY pt 2899002 pt ... ........ 2899002 pt

3255201 28913 ........... ............ 28913

3255201111 2891311 ....... .......... 2891311

3255201121 2891326 ....... .......... 2891326

3255201131 2891350 ....... .......... 2891350

3255201141 2891351 ....... .......... 2891351

3255201151 2891355 ....... .......... 2891355

3255201161 2891380 ....... .......... 2891380

3255201YWV 2891300 ...... .......... 2891300

3255204 28914 ........... ............ 28914

3255204111 2891411 ....... .......... 2891411

3255204271 2891448 ....... .......... 2891448

32552043D1 2891465 ....... .......... 2891465

32552044E1 2891471 ....... .......... 2891471

3255204541 pt 2891437 pt ..... ........ 2891441

3255204541 pt 2891437 pt ..... ........ 2891443

3255204551 2891445 ....... .......... 2891445

3255204561 2891447 ....... .......... 2891447

3255204621 2891424 ....... .......... 2891424

3255204631 2891433 ....... .......... 2891433

3255204681 2891453 ....... .......... 2891453 3255204691 2891454 ....... .......... 2891454 32552046A1 2891455 ....... .......... 2891455 32552046B1 2891457 ....... .......... 2891457 32552046C1 2891461 ....... .......... 2891461 32552046F1 2891481 ....... .......... 2891481 32552046G1 2891483 ....... .......... 2891483 32552046H1 2891499 ....... .......... 2891499 3255204YWV 2891400 ...... .......... 2891400

3255207 28916 ........... ............ 28916 3255207111 2891610 ....... .......... 2891610 3255207121 2891625 ....... .......... 2891625 3255207131 2891650 ....... .......... 2891650 3255207YWV 2891600 ...... .......... 2891600

325520A 28917 ........... ............ 28917 325520A111 2891711 ....... .......... 2891711 325520A121 2891721 ....... .......... 2891721 325520A131 2891731 ....... .......... 2891731 325520A141 2891746 ....... .......... 2891746 325520A151 2891771 ....... .......... 2891771 325520AYWV 2891700 ...... .......... 2891700

325520W 28910 .......... ............ 28910

325520WYWW 2891000 ..... .......... 2891000

325520WYWY 2891002 ..... .......... 2891002

3256111 28411 ........... ............ 28411

3256111111 pt 2841120 pt ..... ........ 2841126 pt

3256111111 pt 2841120 pt ..... ........ 2841141 pt

3256111111 pt 2841120 pt ..... ........ 2841143 pt

3256111121 pt 2841122 pt ..... ........ 2841125 pt

3256111121 pt 2841122 pt ..... ........ 2841145 pt

3256111121 pt 2841122 pt ..... ........ 2841146 pt

3256111121 pt 2841122 pt ..... ........ 2841149 pt

3256111121 pt 2841122 pt ..... ........ 2841178 pt

3256111131 pt 2841127 pt ..... ........ 2841125 pt

3256111131 pt 2841127 pt ..... ........ 2841145 pt

3256111131 pt 2841127 pt ..... ........ 2841146 pt

3256111131 pt 2841127 pt ..... ........ 2841149 pt

3256111131 pt 2841127 pt ..... ........ 2841178 pt

3256111211 pt 2841129 pt ..... ........ 2841141 pt

3256111211 pt 2841129 pt ..... ........ 2841143 pt

3256111221 pt 2841130 pt ..... ........ 2841145 pt

3256111221 pt 2841130 pt ..... ........ 2841146 pt

3256111221 pt 2841130 pt ..... ........ 2841149 pt

3256111311 pt 2841131 pt ..... ........ 2841123

3256111311 pt 2841131 pt ..... ........ 2841141 pt

3256111311 pt 2841131 pt ..... ........ 2841143 pt

3256111321 pt 2841132 pt ..... ........ 2841121

3256111321 pt 2841132 pt ..... ........ 2841145 pt

3256111321 pt 2841132 pt ..... ........ 2841146 pt

3256111321 pt 2841132 pt ..... ........ 2841149 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841125 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841126 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841128 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841141 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841143 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841145 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841146 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841149 pt

3256111411 pt 2841133 pt ..... ........ 2841177

3256111511 pt 2841134 pt ..... ........ 2841124

3256111511 pt 2841134 pt ..... ........ 2841141 pt

3256111511 pt 2841134 pt ..... ........ 2841143 pt

3256111511 pt 2841134 pt ..... ........ 2841145 pt

3256111511 pt 2841134 pt ..... ........ 2841146 pt

3256111511 pt 2841134 pt ..... ........ 2841149 pt

G–2 APPENDIX G MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3256111511 pt 2841134 pt ..... ........ 2841178 pt

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841125 pt

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841126 pt

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841141 pt

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841143 pt

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841145 pt

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841146 pt

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841149 pt

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841165

3256111611 pt 2841135 pt ..... ........ 2841167

3256111711 2841112 ....... .......... 2841112

3256111721 2841114 ....... .......... 2841114

3256111731 2841119 ....... .......... 2841119

3256111741 pt 2841136 pt ..... ........ 2841125 pt

3256111741 pt 2841136 pt ..... ........ 2841128 pt

3256111741 pt 2841136 pt ..... ........ 2841141 pt

3256111741 pt 2841136 pt ..... ........ 2841143 pt

3256111741 pt 2841136 pt ..... ........ 2841145 pt

3256111741 pt 2841136 pt ..... ........ 2841146 pt

3256111741 pt 2841136 pt ..... ........ 2841149 pt

3256111741 pt 2841136 pt ..... ........ 2841178 pt

3256111YWV 2841100 ...... .......... 2841100

3256114 28412 ........... ............ 28412

3256114111 2841221 ....... .......... 2841221

3256114121 2841224 ....... .......... 2841224

3256114211 2841226 ....... .......... 2841226

3256114311 2841231 ....... .......... 2841231

3256114411 2841235 ....... .......... 2841235 3256114511 2841201 ....... .......... 2841201 3256114521 2841203 ....... .......... 2841203 3256114531 2841204 ....... .......... 2841204 3256114541 2841205 ....... .......... 2841205

3256114551 2841206 ....... .......... 2841206

3256114561 2841209 ....... .......... 2841209 3256114571 2841210 ....... .......... 2841210 3256114581 2841211 ....... .......... 2841211 3256114591 2841261 ....... .......... 2841261 3256114YWV 2841200 ...... .......... 2841200

3256117 28413 ........... ............ 28413

3256117111 2841312 ....... .......... 2841312

3256117211 2841313 ....... .......... 2841313

3256117311 2841314 ....... .......... 2841314

3256117321 2841315 ....... .......... 2841315

3256117331 2841398 ....... .......... 2841398

3256117YWV 2841300 ...... .......... 2841300

325611A 28414 ........... ............ 28414 325611A111 2841411 ....... .......... 2841411 325611A121 pt 2841419 pt ..... ........ 2841431 325611A121 pt 2841419 pt ..... ........ 2841451 325611AYWV 2841400 ...... .......... 2841400

325611D 28444 pt .......... .......... 28444 pt

325611D100 pt 2844400 pt ..... ........ 2844400 pt

325611D100 pt 2844421 ..... .......... 2844421

325611W pt 28410 ........ ............ 28410

325611W pt 28440 pt ........ .......... 28440 pt

325611WYWW pt 2841000 ... .......... 2841000

325611WYWW pt 2844000 pt ... ........ 2844000 pt

325611WYWY pt 2841002 ... .......... 2841002

325611WYWY pt 2844002 pt ... ........ 2844002 pt

3256121 28422 ........... ............ 28422

3256121111 2842244 ....... .......... 2842243 pt

3256121121 2842245 ....... .......... 2842243 pt

3256121131 2842254 ....... .......... 2842253 pt

3256121141 2842255 ....... .......... 2842253 pt

3256121YWV 2842200 ...... .......... 2842200

3256124 28423 ........... ............ 28423

3256124111 2842334 ....... .......... 2842332 pt

3256124211 pt 2842340 pt ..... ........ 2842341

3256124211 pt 2842340 pt ..... ........ 2842397 pt

3256124221 2842342 ....... .......... 2842344

3256124231 2842343 ....... .......... 2842397 pt

3256124241 pt 2842347 pt ..... ........ 2842346

3256124241 pt 2842347 pt ..... ........ 2842397 pt

3256124251 pt 2842350 pt ..... ........ 2842348

3256124251 pt 2842350 pt ..... ........ 2842397 pt

3256124261 pt 2842352 pt ..... ........ 2842349

3256124261 pt 2842352 pt ..... ........ 2842397 pt 3256124311 2842382 ....... .......... 2842381 pt 3256124321 2842383 ....... .......... 2842381 pt 3256124331 2842386 ....... .......... 2842385 pt 3256124341 2842387 ....... .......... 2842385 pt 3256124411 2842312 ....... .......... 2842311 pt 3256124421 2842313 ....... .......... 2842311 pt 3256124431 2842315 ....... .......... 2842315 3256124441 2842321 ....... .......... 2842321 3256124451 2842324 ....... .......... 2842326 pt

3256124461 2842325 ....... .......... 2842326 pt 3256124471 2842328 ....... .......... 2842328 3256124481 2842330 ....... .......... 2842330

3256124491 2842333 ....... .......... 2842332 pt

32561244E1 2842351 ....... .......... 2842351

32561244F1 2842353 ....... .......... 2842353

32561244G1 2842371 ....... .......... 2842371

32561244H1 2842390 ....... .......... 2842390

32561244J1 2842398 ........ .......... 2842397 pt

3256124YWV 2842300 ...... .......... 2842300

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3256127 28424 ........... ............ 28424

3256127111 2842412 ....... .......... 2842411 pt

3256127121 2842413 ....... .......... 2842411 pt

3256127131 2842416 ....... .......... 2842415 pt

3256127141 2842417 ....... .......... 2842415 pt

3256127151 2842420 ....... .......... 2842421 pt

3256127161 2842422 ....... .......... 2842421 pt

3256127171 2842423 ....... .......... 2842423

3256127181 2842425 ....... .......... 2842425

3256127191 2842443 ....... .......... 2842443

32561271A1 2842463 ....... .......... 2842463

32561271B1 2842498 ....... .......... 2842498

3256127YWV 2842400 ...... .......... 2842400

325612W 28420 .......... ............ 28420

325612WYWW 2842000 ..... .......... 2842000

325612WYWY 2842002 ..... .......... 2842002

3256130 28430 ........... ............ 28430

3256130111 2843031 ....... .......... 2843031

3256130121 2843061 ....... .......... 2843061

3256130131 2843055 ....... .......... 2843055

3256130241 2843085 ....... .......... 2843085

3256130YWW 2843000 ...... .......... 2843000

3256130YWY 2843002 ...... .......... 2843002

3256201 28441 ........... ............ 28441

3256201111 2844149 ....... .......... 2844149

3256201121 2844156 ....... .......... 2844156

3256201131 2844159 ....... .......... 2844159

3256201YWV 2844100 ...... .......... 2844100

3256204 28442 ........... ............ 28442

3256204111 2844211 ....... .......... 2844211

3256204121 2844223 ....... .......... 2844223

3256204131 2844235 ....... .......... 2844235

3256204211 2844245 ....... .......... 2844245

3256204YWV 2844200 ...... .......... 2844200

3256207 28443 ........... ............ 28443

3256207111 2844311 ....... .......... 2844311

3256207121 2844312 ....... .......... 2844312

3256207131 2844314 ....... .......... 2844314

3256207141 2844315 ....... .......... 2844315

3256207151 2844318 ....... .......... 2844318

3256207211 2844320 ....... .......... 2844320

3256207221 2844322 ....... .......... 2844322

3256207231 2844327 ....... .......... 2844326 pt

3256207241 2844328 ....... .......... 2844326 pt

3256207251 2844336 ....... .......... 2844336

3256207261 2844339 ....... .......... 2844339

3256207271 2844341 ....... .......... 2844341

3256207281 2844352 ....... .......... 2844351 pt

3256207291 2844353 ....... .......... 2844351 pt

32562072A1 2844363 ....... .......... 2844363

32562072B1 2844364 ....... .......... 2844364

32562072C1 2844365 ....... .......... 2844365

32562072D1 2844395 ....... .......... 2844395

3256207YWV 2844300 ...... .......... 2844300

325620A 28444 pt ........... .......... 28444 pt

325620A111 2844431 ....... .......... 2844431

325620A121 2844498 ....... .......... 2844498

325620AYWV 2844400 pt ...... ........ 2844400 pt

325620D 28446 .......... ............ 28446

325620D111 2844611 ....... .......... 2844611

325620D121 2844613 ....... .......... 2844613

325620D131 2844615 ....... .......... 2844615

325620D141 2844617 ....... .......... 2844617

325620D151 2844619 ....... .......... 2844619

325620D211 2844621 ....... .......... 2844621

325620D221 2844622 ....... .......... 2844622

325620D231 2844623 ....... .......... 2844623

325620D241 2844624 ....... .......... 2844624

325620D251 2844625 ....... .......... 2844625

325620D261 2844626 ....... .......... 2844626

325620D271 2844629 ....... .......... 2844629

325620DYWV 2844600 ...... .......... 2844600

325620G 28447 .......... ............ 28447

325620G111 2844711 ....... .......... 2844711

325620G121 2844715 ....... .......... 2844715

325620G131 2844721 ....... .......... 2844721

325620G211 2844725 ....... .......... 2844725

325620G221 2844731 ....... .......... 2844731

325620G231 2844735 ....... .......... 2844735

325620G311 2844741 ....... .......... 2844741

325620G321 2844745 ....... .......... 2844745

325620G331 2844751 ....... .......... 2844751

325620G341 2844755 ....... .......... 2844755

325620G351 2844761 ....... .......... 2844761

325620G361 2844765 ....... .......... 2844765

325620G371 2844771 ....... .......... 2844771

325620G381 2844775 ....... .......... 2844775

325620G391 2844781 ....... .......... 2844781

325620G3A1 2844785 ....... .......... 2844785

325620G3B1 2844795 ....... .......... 2844795

325620GYWV 2844700 ...... .......... 2844700

325620W 28440 pt .......... .......... 28440 pt

325620WYWW 2844000 pt ..... ........ 2844000 pt

325620WYWY 2844002 pt ..... ........ 2844002 pt

3259101 28931 ........... ............ 28931

3259101111 2893105 ....... .......... 2893105

3259101121 2893115 ....... .......... 2893115

3259101131 2893117 ....... .......... 2893117

3259101YWV 2893100 ...... .......... 2893100

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

3259104 28932 ........... ............ 28932

3259104111 2893231 ....... .......... 2893231

3259104221 2893232 ....... .......... 2893232

3259104341 2893244 ....... .......... 2893244

3259104431 2893235 ....... .......... 2893235

3259104451 2893246 ....... .......... 2893246

3259104YWV 2893200 ...... .......... 2893200

3259107 28933 ........... ............ 28933

3259107131 2893344 ....... .......... 2893344

3259107141 2893346 ....... .......... 2893346

3259107211 2893341 ....... .......... 2893341

3259107221 2893342 ....... .......... 2893342

3259107251 2893349 ....... .......... 2893349

3259107YWV 2893300 ...... .......... 2893300

325910A 28934 ........... ............ 28934

325910A111 2893482 ....... .......... 2893482

325910A121 2893483 ....... .......... 2893483

325910A131 2893487 ....... .......... 2893487 325910A141 2893489 ....... .......... 2893489 325910AYWV 2893400 ...... .......... 2893400

325910E 28936 ........... ............ 28935 pt

325910E111 2893611 ....... .......... 2893598 pt

325910E121 2893621 ....... .......... 2893598 pt

325910E131 2893631 ....... .......... 2893598 pt

325910EYWV 2893600 ...... .......... 2893500 pt

325910H 28937 .......... ............ 28935 pt 325910H111 2893771 ....... .......... 2893571 325910H121 2893785 ....... .......... 2893585 325910H131 2893799 ....... .......... 2893598 pt 325910HYWV 2893700 ...... .......... 2893500 pt

325910W 28930 .......... ............ 28930

325910WYWW 2893000 ..... .......... 2893000 325910WYWY 2893002 ..... .......... 2893002

3259200 28920 ........... ............ 28920

3259200111 2892017 ....... .......... 2892017

3259200121 pt 2892019 pt ..... ........ 2892020

3259200121 pt 2892019 pt ..... ........ 2892024

3259200231 2892054 ....... .......... 2892054

3259200341 pt 2892059 pt ..... ........ 2892039

3259200341 pt 2892059 pt ..... ........ 2892071

3259200YWW 2892000 ...... .......... 2892000

3259200YWY 2892002 ...... .......... 2892002

3259911 30871 ........... ............ 30870 pt 3259911115 3087112 ....... .......... 3087012 3259911221 3087113 ....... .......... 3087013 3259911YWV 3087100 ...... .......... 3087000 pt

3259912 30872 ........... ............ 30870 pt

3259912100 3087200 ....... .......... 3087000 pt

325991W 30870 .......... ............ 30870 pt 325991WYWW 3087000 ..... .......... 3087000 pt 325991WYWY 3087002 ..... .......... 3087002

3259921 pt 38615 ......... ............ 38615

3259921 pt 38616 ......... ............ 38616

3259921101 3861503 ....... .......... 3861503

3259921106 3861506 ....... .......... 3861506

3259921111 3861600 ....... .......... 3861600

3259921116 pt 3861531 pt ..... ........ 3861502

3259921116 pt 3861531 pt ..... ........ 3861508

3259921116 pt 3861531 pt ..... ........ 3861519

3259921YWV 3861500 ...... .......... 3861500

3259923 pt 38617 ......... ............ 38617

3259923 pt 38619 ......... ............ 38619

3259923101 pt 3861713 ..... .......... 3861713

3259923101 pt 3861718 ..... .......... 3861718

3259923101 pt 3861722 ..... .......... 3861722

3259923101 pt 3861723 ..... .......... 3861723

3259923101 pt 3861729 ..... .......... 3861729

3259923106 pt 3861741 ..... .......... 3861741

3259923106 pt 3861743 ..... .......... 3861743

3259923106 pt 3861745 ..... .......... 3861745

3259923106 pt 3861747 ..... .......... 3861747

3259923106 pt 3861751 ..... .......... 3861751

3259923111 3861900 ....... .......... 3861900

3259923YWV 3861700 ...... .......... 3861700

3259925 38618 ........... ............ 38618

3259925101 3861812 ....... .......... 3861812

3259925206 3861814 ....... .......... 3861814

3259925316 3861815 ....... .......... 3861815

3259925321 3861819 ....... .......... 3861819

3259925YWV 3861800 ...... .......... 3861800

325992W 38610 pt .......... .......... 38610 pt

325992WYWW 3861000 pt ..... ........ 3861000 pt

325992WYWY 3861002 pt ..... ........ 3861002 pt

3259981 28991 pt ........... .......... 28991 pt

3259981100 2899111 ....... .......... 2899100 pt

3259984 39993 ........... ............ 39993

3259984100 3999300 ....... .......... 3999300

3259987 28994 ........... ............ 28994

3259987111 2899411 ....... .......... 2899411

3259987121 2899431 ....... .......... 2899431

3259987131 2899497 ....... .......... 2899497

3259987YWV 2899400 ...... .......... 2899400

325998A 28995 pt ........... .......... 28995 pt

325998A111 2899573 ....... .......... 2899573

325998A121 2899576 ....... .......... 2899576

325998A131 2899577 ....... .......... 2899577

325998A141 2899578 ....... .......... 2899578

325998AYWV 2899500 pt ...... ........ 2899500 pt

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX G G–3

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

325998E 28995 pt ........... .......... 28995 pt

325998E111 2899534 ....... .......... 2899534

325998E121 2899532 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998E131 2899533 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998E141 2899535 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998E151 2899536 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998E161 2899537 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998E171 2899538 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998E181 2899540 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998E191 2899542 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998E1A1 2899545 ....... .......... 2899543 pt

325998EYWV 2899500 pt ...... ........ 2899500 pt

325998H pt 28199 pt ........ .......... 28199 pt

325998H pt 28995 pt ........ .......... 28995 pt

325998H pt 39524 pt ........ .......... 39524 pt

325998H101 2899513 ....... .......... 2899513

325998H103 2899516 ....... .......... 2899516

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

325998H106 2899525 ....... .......... 2899525

325998H107 2899526 ....... .......... 2899526

325998H109 2899531 ....... .......... 2899531

325998H111 2899539 ....... .......... 2899539

325998H121 2899541 ....... .......... 2899541

325998H131 2899549 ....... .......... 2899549

325998H141 2899553 ....... .......... 2899553

325998H151 2899559 ....... .......... 2899559

325998H161 2899561 ....... .......... 2899561

325998H171 2899568 ....... .......... 2899568

325998H181 2899572 ....... .......... 2899572

325998H191 2899581 ....... .......... 2899581

325998H1A1 2899591 ....... .......... 2899591

325998H1B1 2899593 ....... .......... 2899593

325998H1C1 2899595 ....... .......... 2899595

325998H1D1 2899598 ....... .......... 2899598

325998H1E1 pt 2819925 ..... .......... 2819900 pt

325998H1E1 pt 2899597 ..... .......... 2899597

1997 published 1997 collected 1992 published

325998H1E1 pt 3952418 ..... .......... 3952419 pt

325998HYWV pt 2819900 pt .... ........ 2819900 pt

325998HYWV pt 2899500 pt .... ........ 2899500 pt

325998HYWV pt 3952400 pt .... ........ 3952400 pt

325998W pt 28190 pt ........ .......... 28190 pt

325998W pt 28990 pt ........ .......... 28990 pt

325998W pt 39520 pt ........ .......... 39520 pt

325998W pt 39990 pt ........ .......... 39990 pt

325998WYWW pt 2819000 pt ... ........ 2819000 pt

325998WYWW pt 2899000 pt ... ........ 2899000 pt

325998WYWW pt 2899100 pt ... ........ 2899100 pt

325998WYWW pt 3952000 pt ... ........ 3952000 pt

325998WYWW pt 3999000 pt ... ........ 3999000 pt

325998WYWY pt 2819002 pt ... ........ 2819002 pt

325998WYWY pt 2899002 pt ... ........ 2899002 pt

325998WYWY pt 3952002 pt ... ........ 3952002 pt

325998WYWY pt 3999002 pt ... ........ 3999002 pt

G–4 APPENDIX G MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES

U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census
nic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing 1997 Economic Census Manufacturing Industry Series USCENSUSBUREAU