United States

Environmental Protection 

Agency

Solid Waste And 

Emergency Response

5403W

EPA 510-K-95-002

July 1995

Musts For USTs 

A Summary Of Federal

Regulations For Underground

Storage Tank Systems

 

Printed on Recycled Paper
CONTENTS

What Are These Regulations About? ..................................... 1

Tables Showing Basic UST Requirements And Deadlines .................... 4

What Do New Petroleum USTs Need? .................................... 6

What Do Existing Petroleum USTs Need? ................................ 18

What Do You Do About UST Releases? .................................. 22

How Do You Close USTs? ............................................. 25

What Do You Need To Report? ......................................... 26

What Records Must You Keep? ........................................ 27

For Hazardous Substance USTs Only ................................... 28

Industry Codes And Standards ......................................... 31

Organizations To Contact For UST Information ............................ 32

Publications And Videos About USTs ................................... 33

State Contacts For UST Information ..................................... 35
Musts For USTs 1

Releases from USTs

can threaten human

health and safety. 

UST releases can

also contaminate

soil and drinking

water supplies. As

of April 1995, more

than 287,000 UST

releases had been

confirmed. EPA

estimates that about

half of these

releases reached

groundwater.

WHAT ARE THESE REGULATIONS ABOUT?

Over one million underground storage tank systems (USTs) in the United States

contain petroleum or hazardous substances regulated by the U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA). Many of these USTs have leaked or are currently

leaking. More USTs will leak unless owners and operators make sure their

USTs meet the requirements described in this booklet.

Releases from USTs--from spills, overfills, or leaking tanks and piping--

can cause fires or explosions that threaten human safety. Releases from

USTs can also contaminate the groundwater that many of us depend on for the

water we drink.

Properly managed, USTs will not threaten our health or environment. Federal

legislation, therefore, directed EPA to develop the UST regulations described in

this booklet. Regulations require owners and operators of USTs to:

# Prevent releases from USTs (see pages 7, 12-17, and 19-21);

# Detect releases from USTs (see pages 8-11 and 19); and

# Correct the problems created by releases from USTs (see pages 22-24).

In addition, the regulations require owners and operators of USTs to

demonstrate their ability to pay for correcting the problems created if their USTs

do leak (see pages 2 and 5).
Musts For USTs 2

If your USTs do

not meet these

requirements by

the indicated

deadlines, you can

be cited for

violations and

fined.

How Will These Regulations Affect You?

The regulations describe the steps you, as an UST owner or operator, need to

take to help protect our health and environment. These steps will also help you

avoid the high cost of cleaning up the environment and involving yourself in legal

actions that can result if your tank or its piping leaks.

You must take these steps:

# If you install an UST after December 22, 1988, it must meet the

requirements for new USTs concerning correct installation, leak detection,

and spill, overfill, and corrosion protection (see pages 6-17).

# If you have an UST that was installed before December 22, 1988, it must

meet two major requirements:

1) By December 1993, your UST must have leak detection

(see pages 8-11 and 19).

2) By December 1998, your UST must have spill, overfill, and corrosion

protection (see pages 12-17 and 19-21).

# You must take corrective action in response to leaks (see pages 22-24).

# You must follow closure requirements for tanks you temporarily or

permanently close (see page 25).

# You must demonstrate your financial responsibility for the cost of cleaning

up a leak and compensating other people for bodily injury and property

damage. The financial responsibility requirements appear in the Code of

Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 280. These requirements are briefly

summarized in a free EPA booklet, Dollars And Sense, which you can order

by calling EPA's toll-free Hotline at 800 424-9346.

Basically, as an owner or operator of USTs storing petroleum, you must be

able to demonstrate your ability to pay for damage costs that could occur if

your USTs leaked. You need either $500,000 or $1 million in "per

occurrence" coverage and either $1 million or $2 million in "aggregate"

coverage, depending on your ownership category. Compliance deadlines

were phased in according to categories of UST owners, but by February 1994

virtually every UST owner should have met the financial responsibility

requirements. The table on page 5 displays UST categories, coverage

amounts, and deadlines. See Dollars And Sense for details.
Musts For USTs 3

If you don't know

how to reach your

state agency, see

the list of state

contacts starting

on page 35.

Requirements and

definitions of USTs

are found in the

Code of Federal

Regulations, 40

CFR Part 280.

Who Is The "Regulatory Authority"?

This booklet describes EPA's basic requirements for USTs, but your state or local

regulatory authority may have requirements that are somewhat different or more

stringent. Contact your regulatory authority for its specific UST requirements. If

you are not sure who your regulatory authority is, see the list of state UST

contacts starting on page 35.

What's An “UST”?

An UST is a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank that has at

least 10 percent of its combined volume underground. The federal regulations

apply only to USTs storing either petroleum or certain hazardous substances.

The "For Hazardous Substance USTs Only" section starting on page 28 identifies

hazardous substances and special requirements for USTs storing them.

Generally, the requirements for both petroleum and hazardous substance USTs

are very similar.

Some kinds of tanks are not covered by these regulations:

# Farm and residential tanks of 1,100 gallons or less capacity holding motor fuel

used for noncommercial purposes.

# Tanks storing heating oil used on the premises where it is stored.

# Tanks on or above the floor of underground areas, such as basements or

tunnels.

# Septic tanks and systems for collecting storm water and wastewater.

# Flow-through process tanks.

# Emergency spill and overfill tanks.

Other storage sites, such as surface impoundments, are not covered by the

federal requirements. Some tanks, such as field-constructed tanks, have been

deferred from most of the regulations. (For details see the Code of Federal

Regulations, 40 CFR Part 280.)

U The tables on the next two pages display basic

UST requirements and deadlines...
Musts For USTs 4

When Do You Have To Act?

TYPE OF TANK & PIPING LEAK SPILL & OVERFILL CORROSION

DETECTION PROTECTION PROTECTION

New Tanks & Piping At installation At installation At installation

(installed after (Does not apply to piping)

December 22, 1988)

Existing Tanks & Piping No later than No later than No later than

(installed before December 1993 December 22, 1998 December 22, 1998

December 22, 1988) (Does not apply to piping)

What Do You Have To Do?

LEAK DETECTION (see pages 8-11 and 19)

NEW TANKS Ç Monthly Monitoring*; or

Ç Inventory Control Plus Tank Tightness Testing**

(only for 10 years after installation)

EXISTING TANKS Ç Monthly Monitoring*; or

Ç Inventory Control Plus Tank Tightness Testing**

(only for 10 years after adding spill, overfill, and corrosion protection);

or

Ç Inventory Control Plus Annual Tank Tightness Testing (only until

December 1998)

NEW & EXISTING PRESSURIZED Ç Automatic Shutoff Device or Flow Restrictor or Continuous Alarm

PIPING System; AND

Ç Annual Line Tightness Test or

Monthly Monitoring* [except Automatic Tank Gauging]

NEW & EXISTING SUCTION PIPING Ç Monthly Monitoring*; or

Ç Line Tightness Testing (every 3 years); or

Ç No Requirements (if the system has the characteristics described on

page 11)

SPILL & OVERFILL PROTECTION (see pages 12-15)

ALL TANKS Ç Catchment Basins; AND

Ç Automatic Shutoff Devices or Overfill Alarms or Ball Float Valves

CORROSION PROTECTION (see pages 16-17 and 20-21)

NEW TANKS & PIPING Ç Coated and Cathodically Protected Steel; or

Ç Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP); or

Ç Steel Tank Clad With FRP (does not apply to piping)

EXISTING TANKS & PIPING Ç Same Options As For New Tanks & Piping; or

Ç Cathodically Protected Steel; or

Ç Tank Interior Lining; or

Ç Tank Interior Lining AND Cathodic Protection

* Monthly Monitoring includes: Interstitial Monitoring; Automatic Tank Gauging; Vapor Monitoring, Groundwater

Monitoring; Statistical Inventory Reconciliation; and other methods approved by the regulatory authority.

**Tanks 2,000 gallons and smaller may be able to use manual tank gauging (see page 9).
Musts For USTs 5

How Does Financial Responsibility Work?

 GROUP OF UST OWNERS COMPLIANCE PER AGGREGATE

AND OPERATORS DEADLINE OCCURRENCE COVERAGE

COVERAGE

GROUP 1: January

Petroleum marketers with 1989

1,000 or more tanks

OR

Nonmarketers with net worth of $20 million

or more

(for nonmarketers, the "per occurrence"

amount is the

same as Group 4-B below) $1 million $1 million

 if you have

 100 or

fewer tanks

OR

$2 million

if you have more than

100 tanks

GROUP 2: October

Petroleum marketers with 1989

100-999 tanks

GROUP 3: April

Petroleum marketers with 1991

13-99 tanks

GROUP 4-A: December 1993

Petroleum marketers with

1-12 tanks

GROUP 4-B: December 1993 $500,000

Nonmarketers with net worth of less than if throughput is 10,000

$20 million gallons monthly or less

OR

$1 million

 if throughput is more

than 10,000 gallons

monthly

GROUP 4-C: February

Local governments (including Indian tribes 1994

not part of Group 5)

GROUP 5: December 1998

Indian tribes owning USTs on Indian lands

(USTs must be in compliance with UST

technical requirements )
Musts For USTs 6

UInstalled

 Correctly

ULeak

 Detection

USpill And 

 Overfill 

 Protection

UCorrosion 

 Protection

WHAT DO NEW PETROLEUM USTs

NEED?

New UST systems are those installed after

December 22, 1988.

You must meet four requirements when you install a

new UST system:

U You must certify that the tank and piping are

installed according to industry codes. See

page 7.

U Your UST must have leak detection. See

pages 8-11.

U Your UST must have devices that provide

spill and overfill protection. Also, you

must follow correct tank filling practices.

See pages 12-15.

U Your UST must have corrosion protection.

See pages 16 and 17.

The table on page 4 displays basic UST requirements

and deadlines.

The following pages provide information on these

requirements...
Musts For USTs 7

UInstalled

 Correctly

What you must do for installation:

# Make sure your UST is installed correctly by using qualified

installers who follow industry codes. (See pages 31 and 34 for

information on industry codes and installation practices.)

# Certify on a notification form (see page 26) that you have used a

qualified installer who can assure you that your UST has been installed

correctly.

Installation problems result from careless installation practices that do not

follow standard industry codes and procedures. Improper installation is a

significant cause of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) and steel UST

failures, particularly piping failures. Installation includes excavation, tank

system siting, burial depth, tank system assembly, backfilling around the

tank system, and surface grading.

Many mistakes can be made during installation. For example, mishandling

of the tank during installation can cause structural failure of FRP tanks or

damage to steel tank coatings and cathodic protection. Improper layout of

piping runs, incomplete tightening of joints, inadequate cover pad

construction, and construction accidents can lead to failure of delivery

piping.

You need to make sure that installers carefully follow the correct

installation procedures called for by industry codes.
Musts For USTs 8

ULeak

 Detection

What you must do for leak detection:

You must provide your UST system with leak detection that allows you to

meet three basic requirements:

# You can detect a leak from any portion of the tank or its piping that

routinely contains petroleum;

# Your leak detection is installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; and

# Your leak detection meets the performance requirements described in

the federal regulations (sections 280.43 and 280.44).

The monthly monitoring methods that you may use to meet the federal

leak detection requirements are listed on the next page. As a temporary

method, you may also use one of the two methods described on page 10.

Please note the additional leak detection requirements for piping on

page 11.

For a detailed booklet that focuses only on leak detection methods and

requirements, order EPA's free booklet, Straight Talk On Tanks, by calling

EPA's toll-free Hotline at 800 424-9346. Also, see page 32 and after for

additional sources of information on leak detection.

Some Leak Detection Methods
Musts For USTs 9

Leak detection

for USTs may

consist of one or

a combination of

the monthly

monitoring

methods listed

on this page.

Monthly Monitoring Methods

Interstitial Monitoring: This method detects leaks in the space between the

UST and a second barrier. The regulations describe general performance

requirements for interstitial monitoring with double-walled USTs, USTs fitted

with internal liners, and USTs using interception barriers.

Automatic Tank Gauging Systems: This method uses automated

processes to monitor product level and inventory control.

Monitoring For Vapors In The Soil: This method samples vapors in the soil

gas surrounding the UST. Leaked petroleum produces vapors that can be

detected in the soil gas. The regulations describe several requirements for

using this leak detection method. For example, this method requires using

porous soils in the backfill and locating the monitoring devices in these porous

soils near the UST system.

Monitoring For Liquids On The Groundwater: This method monitors the

groundwater table near an UST for the presence of released free product on

the water table. Monitoring wells near the UST are checked frequently to see

if petroleum can be detected. The regulations describe several requirements

for the use of this method. For example, this method cannot be used if the

water table is more than 20 feet below the surface of the ground.

Statistical Inventory Reconciliation: In this method, a trained professional

uses sophisticated computer software to conduct a statistical analysis of

inventory, delivery, and dispensing data, which you must supply regularly.

Other Methods Approved By The Regulatory Authority: If other methods

can be shown to work as effectively as the methods described above for leak

detection, these alternative methods can be approved by the regulatory

authority.
Musts For USTs 10

Alternate Leak Detection Method Good For 10 Years

Instead of using one of the monthly monitoring methods noted above, you can

combine inventory control with tank tightness testing, but only for 10 years

after you install a new UST. Inventory control involves taking daily

measurements of tank contents and recording deliveries and amount pumped.

Based upon some daily and monthly calculations, you can discover if your tank

may be leaking. Tank tightness testing usually requires taking the UST out of

service while changes in level or volume over time are measured. Your UST

will need a tank tightness test every 5 years. After 10 years, you must use

one of the monthly monitoring methods.

The success of this temporary combined method depends on your performing

inventory control correctly. EPA has a booklet available, Doing Inventory

Control Right, that clearly explains how to do inventory control with simple

step-by-step directions. The booklet also includes standard forms used to

record inventory data. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's toll-free

Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Doing Inventory Control Right.

One Additional Leak Detection Method For Small Tanks

Tanks of 2,000 gallons capacity or less may be able to use manual tank

gauging as a leak detection method, either by itself or in combination with tank

tightness testing. This method involves keeping the tank undisturbed for at

least 36 hours each week, during which the tank's contents are measured,

twice at the beginning and twice at the end of the test period. Manual tank

gauging can be used as the sole method of leak detection for the life of the

tank only for tanks up to 1,000 gallons. Tanks between 1,001 and 2,000

gallons can use this method only in combination with tank tightness testing.

This combined method, however, can be used only during the first 10 years

following tank installation.

EPA has a booklet available, Manual Tank Gauging: For Small Underground

Storage Tanks, that clearly explains how to do manual tank gauging with

simple step-by-step directions. The booklet also includes standard forms used

to record inventory data. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's tollfree Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Manual Tank Gauging.
Musts For USTs 11

Leak detection for

piping is

particularly

important, because

most leaks come

from an UST's

piping.

Additional Leak Detection For Piping

Pressurized piping must meet the following requirements:

# The piping must have devices that automatically shut off or restrict flow or

have an alarm that indicates a leak.

# You must either conduct an annual tightness test of the piping or use one of

the following monthly methods noted above for tanks: interstitial monitoring,

vapor monitoring, groundwater monitoring, statistical inventory reconciliation,

or other approved monthly methods.

If your UST has suction piping, your leak detection requirements will depend on

which type of suction piping you have.

# One type of suction piping does not require leak detection if it has the

following characteristics:

< Below-grade piping operating at less than atmospheric pressure is sloped

so that the piping's contents will drain back into the storage tank if the

suction is released.

< Only one check valve is included in each suction line and is located

directly below the suction pump.

# Suction piping that does not exactly match the characteristics noted above

must have leak detection, either monthly monitoring (using one of the monthly

methods noted above for use on pressurized piping) or tightness testing of

the piping every 3 years.
Musts For USTs 12

USpill 

Protection

You and your fuel

deliverer should

watch "Keeping It

Clean," a video that

shows how deliveries

can be made safely

with no spills (see

page 34 for ordering

information).

What you must do for spill protection:

# Your USTs must have catchment basins to contain spills. Catchment

basins are described below and on the next page. New USTs must have

catchment basins when they are installed.

# You and your fuel deliverer must follow industry standards for correct

filling practices.

Many releases at UST sites come from spills. Spills often occur at the fill pipe

when the delivery truck's hose is disconnected. Although these spills are

usually small, repeated small releases can cause big environmental problems.

Human error causes most spills. These mistakes can be avoided by

following standard tank filling practices. For example, you must make sure

there is room in the UST for the delivery, and the delivery driver must watch

the delivery at all times. If you and the delivery driver follow standard

practices, nearly all spills can be prevented. For this reason, federal UST

regulations require that you follow standard filling practices.

If an UST never receives more than 25 gallons at a time, the UST does not

have to meet the spill protection requirements. Many small used oil tanks fall

in this category.

What Are Catchment Basins?

Catchment basins are also called "spill containment manholes" or "spill

buckets." Basically, a catchment basin is a bucket sealed around the fill pipe

(see illustration below).

Catchment Basin

Pump Fill Pipe
Musts For USTs 13

Your equipment

supplier can help

you choose the size

and type of

catchment basin that

meets your needs.

Having the

surrounding surface

slope away from the

top of catchment

basins helps keep

water out of them.

To protect against spills, the basin should be large enough to contain what may

spill when the delivery hose is uncoupled from the fill pipe. Basins range in size

from those capable of holding only a few gallons to those that are much larger--

the larger the catchment basin, the more spill protection it provides.

You need a way to remove liquid from catchment basins. Manufacturers equip

catchment basins with either pumps or drains to remove liquid. The illustration

on the previous page shows a catchment basin with a pump; the illustration

below shows a catchment basin with a drain.

Catchment

Basin

Fill Pipe

Drain

You should try to keep water out of catchment basins. Some catchment

basins can collect enough water and sediment, along with spilled product, to

make draining this mixture into the tank unwise. If this happens, you may

pump out the catchment basin and dispose of the liquid properly. If the liquid

contains fuel or chemicals, it could be considered a hazardous waste. Contact

your state agency responsible for hazardous waste for information on testing

and handling requirements.
Musts For USTs 14

UOverfill 

 Protection

What you must do for overfill protection:

# Your UST must have overfill protection. New USTs must have overfill

protection devices when they are installed. The three main types of

overfill protection devices (automatic shutoff devices, overfill alarms, and

ball float valves) are described below and on the next page.

# You and your fuel deliverer must follow industry standards for correct

filling practices.

Overfills usually release much larger volumes than spills. When a tank is

overfilled, large volumes can be released at the fill pipe and through loose

fittings on the top of the tank or a loose vent pipe. The tightness of these

fittings normally would not be a problem if the tank were not filled beyond its

capacity.

You can solve overfill problems by:

# Making sure there is enough room in the tank for the delivery BEFORE

the delivery is made;

# Watching the entire delivery to prevent overfilling or spilling; and

# Using overfill protection devices.

If an UST never receives more than 25 gallons at a time, the UST does not

have to meet the overfill protection requirements. Many small used oil tanks

fall in this category.

Fill Pipe

NOTE: If you have "pumped delivery" where fuel is delivered under pressure,

you must make sure your overfill protection device works compatibly with

pumped deliveries. Also, remember that overfill protection devices are effective

only when combined with careful filling practices (as noted on page 12). Shutoff

Valve

What Are Automatic Shutoff Devices?

Float An automatic shutoff device installed in an UST's fill pipe can slow down and

then stop the delivery when the product has reached a certain level in the

tank. This device--sometimes simply called a "fill pipe device"--has one or

two valves that are operated by a float mechanism (the illustration on the left

shows one kind of automatic shutoff device).
Musts For USTs 15

To work properly, all

overfill devices must

be installed carefully

at the correct

distance below the

tank top specified by

the manufacturer.

Fitted to

Vent Line

Ball Float

Some automatic shutoff devices work in two stages. The first stage drastically

reduces the flow of product to alert the driver that the tank is nearly full. The

driver can then close the delivery valve and still have room in the tank for the

product left in the delivery hose.

If the driver does not pay attention and the liquid level rises higher, the valve

closes completely and no more liquid can be delivered into the tank, leaving the

driver with a delivery hose full of product.

What Are Overfill Alarms?

Overfill alarms use probes installed in the tank (see illustration on the right) to

activate an alarm when the tank is either 90 percent full or within 1 minute of

being overfilled. Either way, the alarm should provide enough time for the driver

to close the truck's shutoff valve before an overfill happens. Alarms must be

located where the driver can see or hear them easily. (Overfill alarms are often a

part of automatic tank gauging systems.)

Overfill alarms work only if they alert the driver at the right time and the

driver responds quickly. Remember to put the alarm on an electrical circuit that

is active all the time so that the alarm will always work. Many deliveries are made

at night when the facility is closed. You don't want to turn off your alarm when

you turn off the office lights.

What Are Ball Float Valves?

Ball float valves (see illustration on the right) are placed at the bottom of the vent

line several inches below the top of the UST. The ball floats on the product and

rises with product level during delivery until it restricts vapor flowing out the vent

line BEFORE the tank is full. If all tank fittings are tight, the ball float valve can

create enough back pressure to restrict product flow into the tank--which can

notify the driver to close the truck's shutoff valve. However, if the UST has loose

fittings, sufficient back pressure may not develop and will result in an overfill.

Note: Manufacturers do not recommend using ball float valves with suction

piping, pressurized delivery, or coaxial Stage I vapor recovery.
Musts For USTs 16

UCorrosion 

 Protection

Corrosion results

when bare metal and

soil and moisture

conditions combine

to produce an

underground electric

current that destroys

hard metal. Over

time, corrosion

creates holes and

leaks develop.

What you must do for corrosion protection:

Your new USTs need to match one of the following performance standards:

O Tank and piping completely made of noncorrodible material, such as

fiberglass. Corrosion protection is also provided if tank and piping are

completely isolated from contact with the surrounding soil by being enclosed

in or "jacketed" in noncorrodible material.

O Tank and piping made of steel having a corrosion-resistant coating

AND having cathodic protection (such as an sti-P3® tank with appropriate

piping). A corrosion-resistant coating electrically isolates the coated metal

from the surrounding environment to help protect against corrosion.

Asphaltic coating does NOT qualify as a corrosion-resistant coating.

Methods of cathodic protection are briefly explained on the next page.

O Tank made of steel clad with a thick layer of noncorrodible material

(such as an ACT-100® tank). This option does not apply to piping.

Galvanized steel is NOT a noncorrodible material.

Federal rules require corrosion protection for USTs because unprotected steel

USTs corrode and release product through corrosion holes.
Soil

Impressed

Current

Anode

Current Path

Rectifier

Grade

Tank

Musts For USTs 17

For more

information on

corrosion and how

USTs can be

protected from it,

contact NACE

International or

other professionals

in this field (see

page 32).

What Are Cathodic Protection Methods?

# Sacrificial Anode System: Sacrificial anodes can be attached to the UST

for corrosion protection (as illustrated below). Sacrificial anodes are pieces of

metal more electrically active than the steel UST. Because these anodes are

more active, the corrosive current will exit from them rather than the UST.

Thus, the UST is protected while the attached anode is "sacrificed."

# Impressed Current System: An impressed current system uses a rectifier to

convert alternating current to direct current (see illustration below). This

current is sent through an insulated wire to the anodes, which are special

metal bars buried in the soil near the UST. The current then flows through

the soil to the UST system, and returns to the rectifier through an insulated

wire attached to the UST. The UST system is protected because the current

going to the UST system overcomes the corrosion-causing current normally

flowing away from it.
Musts For USTs 18

ULeak

 Detection

USpill And 

 Overfill 

 Protection

UCorrosion 

 Protection

WHAT DO EXISTING PETROLEUM USTs

NEED?

Existing UST systems are those installed before

December 22, 1988.

Your existing USTs must meet the following

requirements:

U Have leak detection no later than

December 1993 (see page 19).

U Have spill and overfill protection by

December 22, 1998 (see page 19).

U Have corrosion protection by December 22,

1998 (see pages 20-21).

The table on page 4 displays basic UST requirements

and deadlines.

Although the regulatory deadline for spill, overfill, and

corrosion protection is in 1998, you should make these

improvements as soon as possible. Early action reduces

your costs and reduces the chance that you will be liable

for damages caused by releases from unimproved USTs.

The following pages provide information on these

requirements...
Musts For USTs 19

ULeak

 Detection

USpill And 

 Overfill 

 Protection

All USTs must now have leak detection. USTs installed before

December 22, 1988 had compliance deadlines that varied with the age of the

USTs. By December 22, 1993, all of these "older" USTs had to be in

compliance with leak detection requirements.

The leak detection requirements for existing USTs are similar to those for new

tanks and piping, so please refer to pages 8-11.

# You can use any of the monthly monitoring methods listed for new

USTs on page 9.

# You can use the combined method described on page 10 that combines

inventory control and tank tightness testing. However, you can use this

combined method only for 10 years after upgrading the UST with spill,

overfill, and corrosion protection. After 10 years, you must use one of

the monthly monitoring methods noted above. USTs that have not been

upgraded can combine inventory control and annual tank tightness

testing, but only until December 1998.

# Tanks of 2,000 gallons capacity or less may use manual tank gauging

(see page 10). However, USTs between 1,001 and 2,000 gallons using

the combination of manual tank gauging and tank tightness testing can

only do so for 10 years after upgrading with spill, overfill, and corrosion

protection. After 10 years, you must use one of the monthly monitoring

methods noted above. USTs that have not been upgraded can combine

manual tank gauging and annual tank tightness testing, but only until

December 1998.

Other types of leak detection methods may be used if they have been

approved by the regulatory authority.

All existing USTs must be upgraded with spill and overfill

protection by December 1998. Otherwise, these USTs must be

replaced with new USTs or permanently closed. EPA has a booklet

available, Don't Wait Until 1998, that explains the requirements to upgrade,

replace, or close USTs by 1998. You can order this free booklet by calling

EPA's toll-free Hotline at 800 424-9346 and asking for Don't Wait Until 1998.

The requirements for spill and overfill are exactly the same for existing and

new USTs, so please refer to pages 12-15 for information on spill and overfill

requirements. However, you should already be following industry standards

for tank filling procedures that will prevent spills and overfills (see pages 12

and 14).
Musts For USTs 20

UCorrosion 

 Protection

Only tanks proven to be

structurally sound can

have cathodic protection

added to them.

All existing USTs must have corrosion protection by

December 1998. Otherwise, these USTs must be replaced with new

USTs or permanently closed. EPA has a booklet available, Don't Wait Until

1998, that explains the requirements to upgrade, replace, or close USTs by

1998. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's toll-free Hotline at

800 424-9346 and asking for Don't Wait Until 1998.

Your USTs already meet the requirements for corrosion protection if they

match one of the performance standards for new USTs described on page

16:

O Tank and piping completely made of noncorrodible material, such

as fiberglass.

O Tank and piping made of steel having a corrosion-resistant

coating AND having cathodic protection. ( Methods of cathodic

protection are briefly explained on page 17.)

O Tank made of steel clad with a thick layer of noncorrodible

material (such as an ACT-100® tank). This option does not apply to

piping.

How Can You Add Corrosion Protection To Existing

Steel USTs?

It is not practical to add coatings or claddings to existing steel USTs that

have no corrosion protection. Instead, you must choose ONE of the

following THREE methods to add corrosion protection to existing steel

tanks:

1. Add cathodic protection. If you are adding ONLY cathodic

protection, you must do the following:

O First, assess tank integrity. Satisfy ONE of the following methods to

make sure that the tank is structurally sound:

! If the tank is LESS THAN 10 YEARS OLD, you can use results from one of

the monthly leak detection methods to show the UST is not leaking

(interstitial monitoring, automatic tank gauging, vapor monitoring,

groundwater monitoring, statistical inventory reconciliation, or other

approved methods).

! If the tank is LESS THAN 10 YEARS OLD, you can use results from two

tank tightness tests to show the UST is not leaking. The first test takes

place before you install cathodic protection, and the second test takes

place between 3 and 6 months after installation.
Musts For USTs 21

Page 17 describes

cathodic protection

methods. 

Impressed current

systems work best

with existing USTs.

Only tanks proven

to be structurally

sound can be lined.

! If the tank is 10 YEARS OLD OR MORE, it can be internally

inspected, tested, and assessed to make sure that the tank is

structurally sound and free of corrosion holes (see page 31 for

industry codes).

! You can assess the tank for corrosion holes by a method that the

regulatory authority determines is no less protective than those

above.

O Second, install cathodic protection. Regulations require a qualified

corrosion expert to design cathodic protection systems installed at the

UST site. The system must be tested by a qualified cathodic protection

tester within 6 months of installation and at least every 3 years

thereafter. You will need to keep the results of the last two tests to

prove that the cathodic protection is working. In addition, you must

inspect an impressed current system every 60 days to verify that the

system is operating. Keep results of your last three inspections to

prove that the impressed current system is operating properly.

2. Add interior lining to the tank. The interior of a tank can be

lined with a thick layer of noncorrodible material (see page 31 for

industry codes). Tanks using only an interior lining for corrosion

protection must pass an internal reinspection in 10 years and every 5

years after that to make sure that the lining is sound. Keep records of

the inspection results.

3. Combine cathodic protection and interior lining. You can

add both cathodic protection and interior lining. The advantages for you

of this combined method are simple: your USTs receive more

protection; and you are not required to have the interior lining

periodically inspected (which saves you the cost of these inspections).

You will still need to have the cathodic protection system periodically

tested and inspected and to keep records (as explained above).

And what about piping?

Existing steel piping must have cathodic protection. Note that cathodic

protection needs to be designed by a qualified corrosion expert, tested and

inspected periodically, and records kept (as explained above).

Piping entirely made of (or enclosed in) noncorrodible material, such as

fiberglass, does not need cathodic protection.
Musts For USTs 22

WHAT DO YOU DO ABOUT UST RELEASES?

Warning signals indicate that your UST may be leaking and creating problems for

the environment and your business. You can minimize these problems by paying

careful attention to early warning signals and reacting to them quickly before

major problems develop.

You should suspect a leak when you discover the following warning signals:

# Unusual operating conditions (such as erratic behavior of the dispensing

pump). Check first to see if this problem results from equipment failure that

can be repaired.

# Results from leak detection monitoring and testing that indicate a leak.

What at first appears to be a leak may be the result of faulty equipment that is

part of your UST system or its leak detection. Double check this equipment

carefully for failures.

You need to call your regulatory authority and report suspected leaks. Then find

out quickly if these suspected leaks are actual leaks using the following

investigative steps:

# Conduct tightness testing of the entire UST system.

# Check the site for additional information on the presence and source of

contamination.

If these system tests and site checks confirm a leaking UST, follow the actions for

responding to confirmed leaks described on the next page.

You must also respond quickly to any evidence of leaked petroleum that

appears at or near your site. For example, neighbors might tell you they smell

petroleum vapors in their basements or taste petroleum in their drinking water. If

evidence of this type is discovered, you must report this discovery immediately to

the regulatory authority and take the investigative steps and follow-up actions

noted above.
Musts For USTs 23

Contact your

regulatory authority

for specific time

frames, necessary

steps, and guidance

in doing site

assessments and

Corrective Action

Plans.

Your response to confirmed releases comes in two stages: short-term and

long-term.

Short-Term Actions

# Take immediate action to stop and contain the release.

# Report the release to the regulatory authority within 24 hours. However,

petroleum spills and overfills of less than 25 gallons do not have to be

reported if you immediately contain and clean up these releases.

# Make sure the release poses no immediate hazard to human health and

safety by removing explosive vapors and fire hazards. Your fire department

should be able to help or advise you with this task. You must also make sure

you handle contaminated soil properly so that it poses no hazard (for

example, from vapors or direct contact).

# Remove petroleum from the UST system to prevent further release into the

environment.

# Find out how far the petroleum has moved and begin to recover the leaked

petroleum (such as product floating on the water table). Report your progress

and any information you have collected to the regulatory authority no later

than 20 days after confirming a release.

# Investigate to determine if the release has damaged or might damage the

environment. This investigation must determine the extent of contamination

both in soils and groundwater. You must report to the regulatory authority

what you have learned from an investigation of your site according to the

schedule established by the regulatory authority. At the same time, you must

also submit a report explaining how you plan to clean up the site. Additional

site studies may be required.

Long-Term Actions

Based on the information you have provided, the regulatory authority will decide if

you must take further action at your site. You may need to take two more actions:

# Develop and submit a Corrective Action Plan that shows how you will meet

requirements established for your site by the regulatory authority.

# Make sure you implement the steps approved by the regulatory authority for

your site.
Musts For USTs 24

Can Leaking Tanks Be Repaired?

You can repair a leaking tank if the person who does the repair carefully

follows standard industry codes that establish the correct way to conduct

repairs. (See page 31 for industry codes and standards.)

Within 30 days of the repair, you must prove that the tank repair has worked

by doing one of the following:

# Have the tank inspected internally or tightness tested following standard

industry codes; or

# Use one of the monthly leak detection monitoring methods

(see page 9); or

# Use other methods approved by the regulatory authority.

Within 6 months of repair, USTs with cathodic protection must be tested to

show that the cathodic protection is working properly.

You must keep records for each repair as long as you keep the UST in

service.

Can Leaking Piping Be Repaired?

Damaged metal piping cannot be repaired and must be replaced. Loose

fittings can be tightened, and in some cases that may solve the problem.

Piping made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic can be repaired, but only in

accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or national codes of practice.

Within 30 days of the repair, piping must be tested in the same ways noted

above for testing tank repairs (except for internal inspection).
Musts For USTs 25

WARNING: People are

killed or injured every

year while closing or

removing tanks. Use

safe removal practices

(see page 31 for a safe

closure standard). 

Only trained

professionals should

close or remove USTs.

HOW DO YOU CLOSE USTs?

You can close your UST temporarily or permanently.

Closing Temporarily

You may temporarily close your UST for up to 12 months by following these

requirements for temporary closure:

# Continue to monitor for leaks by maintaining the UST's leak detection. (If

your UST is empty, however, you do not need to maintain leak detection.)

Also, continue to monitor and maintain any corrosion protection systems.

If a release is discovered, respond as you would for a release from an

active UST, as described on page 23.

# If the UST remains temporarily closed for more than 3 months, you must

leave vent lines open, but cap and secure all other lines, pumps,

manways, and ancillary equipment.

After 12 months of temporary closure, you must permanently close your

UST. Your UST, however, can remain "temporarily" closed indefinitely if it

meets the requirements for new or upgraded USTs and the requirements

above for temporarily closed USTs.

Closing Permanently

If your UST does not meet the requirements for corrosion protection and it

remains closed for more than 12 months, you must close it permanently. If

you decide for any reason to close your UST permanently, follow these

requirements for permanent closure:

# You must notify the regulatory authority 30 days before you close your

UST.

# You must determine if contamination from your UST is present in the

surrounding environment. If there is contamination, you will have to take

the corrective actions described on page 23.

# You can either remove the UST from the ground or leave it in the ground.

In both cases, the tank must be emptied and cleaned by removing all

liquids, dangerous vapor levels, and accumulated sludge. These

potentially very hazardous actions need to be carried out carefully by

following standard safety practices. (See pages 31 and 34 for sources of

information on good closure practices.) If you leave the UST in the

ground, you must also fill it with a harmless, chemically inactive solid, like

sand. The regulatory authority can help you decide how best to close

your UST so that it meets local requirements for closure.
Musts For USTs 26

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO REPORT?

You need to report to the regulatory authority on the following occasions:

# When you install an UST, you have to fill out a notification form available from

your state. This form provides information about your UST, including a certification

of correct installation. (You should have already used this form to identify your

existing USTs. If you haven't done that yet, be sure you do so now.)

# You must report suspected releases to the regulatory authority (see page 22). If a

release is confirmed, you must also report follow-up actions you plan or have

taken to correct the damage caused by your UST (see page 23).

# You must notify the regulatory authority 30 days before you permanently close your

UST (see page 25).

You should check with your regulatory authority about the particular reporting

requirements in your area, including any additional or more stringent requirements

than those noted above.

If you are not sure who your regulatory authority is, see the list of state UST contacts

starting on page 35.
Musts For USTs 27

WHAT RECORDS MUST YOU KEEP?

You will have to keep records that can be provided to an inspector during an

on-site visit that prove your facility meets certain requirements. These records

must be kept long enough to show your facility's recent compliance status in

four major areas:

# You will have to keep records of leak detection performance and

maintenance:

< The last year's monitoring results, and the most recent tightness test.

< Copies of performance claims provided by leak detection manufacturers.

< Records of recent maintenance, repair, and calibration of on-site leak

detection equipment.

# You will have to keep records showing the required inspections and tests of

your corrosion protection system.

# You must keep records showing that a repaired or upgraded UST system

was properly repaired or upgraded.

# For at least 3 years after closing an UST, you must keep records of the site

assessment results required for permanent closure. (These results show

what impact your UST has had on the surrounding area.)

# You must keep records that document your financial responsibility, as

explained in EPA's booklet, Dollars And Sense (to order this booklet, see

page 33).

You should check with your regulatory authority about the particular

recordkeeping requirements in your area. Generally, you should follow this

useful rule of thumb for recordkeeping: When in doubt, keep it.
Musts For USTs 28

PARTIAL LIST OF

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CASRN*

Acenaphthene

Acenaphthylene

Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde, chloroAcetaldehyde, tricloro83329

208968

75070

107200

75876

Chromic sulfate

Choromium

CHROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS

Chromous chloride

Chrysene

Cobaltous bromide

Cobaltous formate

Cobaltous sulfamate

Copper

Copper cyanide

10101538

7440473

--

10049055

218019

7789437

544183

14017415

7440508

544923

Famphur

Ferric ammonium citrate

Ferric ammonium oxalate

Ferric chloride

Ferric dextran

Ferric fluoride

Ferric nitrate

Ferric sulfate

52857

1185575

2944674

7705080

9004664

7783508

10421484

10028225

Keithane

Kepone

Lasiocarpine

LEAD AND COMPOUNDS

Lead

Lead acetate

Lead arsenate

Lead chloride

Lead fluoborate

Lead iodide

115322

143500

303344

--

7439921

301042

7784409

7758954

13814965

10101630

Zinc nitrate

Zinc phenosulfonate

Zinc phosphide

Zinc silicoflouride

Zinc sulfate

Zirconium nitrate

Zirconium sulfate

Zirconium tetrachloride

7779886

127882

1314847

16871719

7733020

13746899

14644612

10026116

 Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number *

FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE USTs

ONLY

Several hundred substances were designated as "hazardous" in Section

101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and

Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA).

The UST regulations apply to the same hazardous substances identified by

CERCLA, except for those listed as hazardous wastes. These hazardous

wastes are already regulated under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation

and Recovery Act and are not covered by the UST regulations. (See 40 CFR

Parts 260-270 for the hazardous waste regulations.) Information on the

CERCLA hazardous substances is available from EPA through the

RCRA/CERCLA Hotline at 800 424-9346.

What Requirements Apply To New Hazardous Substance

USTs?

New hazardous substance USTs are those installed after December 22, 1988.

These USTs have to meet the same requirements described earlier for new

petroleum USTs concerning correct installation, spill, overfill and corrosion

protection, corrective action, and closure. (See pages 7 and

12-17.)

In addition, new hazardous substance USTs must have secondary

containment and interstitial monitoring for leak detection, as described

below.

Secondary Containment

All new hazardous substance USTs must have "secondary containment." A

single-walled tank is the first or "primary" containment. Using only primary

containment, a leak can escape into the environment. But by enclosing an UST

within a second wall, leaks can be contained and detected quickly before

harming the environment.

There are several ways to construct secondary containment:

# Placing one tank inside another tank or one pipe inside another pipe

(making them double-walled systems).

# Placing the UST system inside a concrete vault.

# Lining the excavation zone around the UST system with a liner that cannot

be penetrated by the hazardous substance.
Musts For USTs 29

Interstitial Monitoring

The hazardous substance UST must have a leak detection system that can

indicate the presence of a leak in the confined space between the first and the

second wall. Several devices are available to monitor this confined "interstitial"

space. ("Interstitial" simply means "between the walls.") The UST regulations

describe these various methods and the requirements for their proper use.

You can apply for an exception, called a variance, from the requirement for

secondary containment and interstitial monitoring. To obtain a variance you

must demonstrate to the regulatory authority that your alternative leak detection

method will work effectively by providing detailed studies of your site, proposed

leak detection method, and available methods for corrective action.

What About Existing Hazardous Substance USTs?

Existing UST systems are those installed before December 22, 1988. In

addition to immediately starting tank filling procedures that prevent spills and

overfills, you will need to meet the following requirements for existing USTs.

Leak Detection

Deadlines for compliance with leak detection requirements were phased in

according to the age of the UST. By December 22, 1993, all existing USTs

were required to have leak detection. Pressurized piping must meet the

requirements for new pressurized piping (described on page 11).

You can meet the leak detection requirements in one of the following three

ways:

# Until December 1998, you can use any of the leak detection methods

described on page 19 but only if the method you choose can effectively

detect releases of the hazardous substance stored in the UST.

# After December 22, 1998, your UST must meet the same requirements for

secondary containment and interstitial monitoring that apply to new

hazardous substance USTs.

# After December 22, 1988, a variance can be granted if you meet the same

requirements described above for receiving a variance for a new hazardous

substance UST.
Musts For USTs 30

Spill, Overfill, and Corrosion Protection

By December 22, 1998, you must improve your USTs:

# By using devices that prevent spills and overfills.

# By adding corrosion protection to steel tanks and piping.

Although the regulatory deadline is in 1998, you should make these

improvements as soon as you can to reduce the chance that you will be liable for

damages caused by your unimproved UST.

What If You Have A Hazardous Substance Release?

You must follow the same short-term and long-term actions described earlier for

petroleum releases on page 23, with two exceptions.

First, you must immediately report hazardous substance spills or overfills that

meet or exceed their "reportable quantities" to the National Response Center at

800 424-8802 or 202 267-2675.

Second, you must also report hazardous substance spills or overfills that meet or

exceed their "reportable quantities" to the regulatory authority within 24 hours.

However, if these spills or overfills are smaller than their "reportable quantities"

and are immediately contained and cleaned up, they do not need to be reported.

You can get information on the "reportable quantities" by calling the EPA

RCRA/CERCLA Hotline at 800 424-9346.
Musts For USTs 31

Industry Codes And Standards

Installation Corrosion Protection

API Recommended Practice 1615 (1987), API Recommended Practice 1632 (1987),

"Installation of Underground Petroleum Storage "Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum

Systems" Storage Tanks and Piping Systems"

PEI RP100-94 (1994), "Recommended Practices NACE RP-0169-92 (1992), "Standard

for Installation of Underground Liquid Storage Recommended Practice: Control of Corrosion on

Systems" Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping

Tank Filling Practices

NFPA 385 (1985), "Standard for Tank Vehicles for Recommended Practice: Control of External

Flammable and Combustible Liquids" Corrosion on Metallic Buried, Partially Buried, or

Closure

API Recommended Practice 1604 (1987), Corrosion Protection of Underground Piping

"Removal and Disposal of Used Underground Networks Associated with Liquid Storage and

Petroleum Storage Tanks" Dispensing Systems"

Assessing Tank Integrity, Repairing Tanks, and General (Repair, Spill and Overfill, Installation,

Interior Lining Of Tank Compatibility)

API Recommended Practice 1631 (1992), "Interior API Recommended Practice 1621 (1993), "Bulk

Lining of Underground Storage Tanks" Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets"

NLPA Standard 631 (1991), "Entry, Cleaning, API Recommended Practice 1626 (1985), "Storing

Interior Inspection, Repair, and Lining of and Handling Ethanol and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends

Underground Storage Tanks" at Distribution Terminals and Service Stations"

ASTM ES 40-94 (1994), "Emergency Standard API Recommended Practice 1627 (1986), "Storage

Practice for Alternative Procedures for the and Handling of Gasoline-Methanol/Cosolvent

Assessment of Buried Steel Tanks Prior to the Blends at Distribution Terminals and Service

Addition of Cathodic Protection" Stations"

Systems"

NACE RP-0285-85 (1985), "Standard

Submerged Liquid Storage Systems"

STI R892-91 (1991), "Recommended Practice for

API Recommended Practice 1635 (1987),

"Management of Underground Petroleum Storage

Systems at Marketing and Distribution Facilities"

NFPA 30 (1993), "Flammable and Combustible

Liquids Code"

NFPA 30A (1993), "Automotive and Marine Service

Station Code"

________

*Organizations are identified on the next page.
Musts For USTs 32

Organizations To Contact For UST Information

API -- American Petroleum Institute

1220 L Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20005

(202) 682-8000

Fiberglass Petroleum Tank and

 Pipe Institute

9801 Westheimer; Suite 606

Houston, TX 77042-3951

(713) 465-3310

NACE International (formerly the National 

Association of Corrosion Engineers)

Box 218340

Houston, TX 77218-8340

(713) 492-0535

NFPA -- National Fire Protection 

Association

1 Batterymarch Park

Box 9101

Quincy, MA 02269-9101

(617) 770-3000

NLPA -- National Leak Prevention 

Association 

Box 1643

Boise, ID 83701

(208) 336-6941

PEI -- Petroleum Equipment Institute

Box 2380

Tulsa, OK 74101-2380

(918) 494-9696

Steel Tank Institute

570 Oakwood Road

Lake Zurich, IL 60047

(708) 438-TANK [8265]
Musts For USTs 33

Publications And Videos About USTs

PUBLICATIONS

TITLE AVAILABLE FREE FROM

Normas Y Procedimientos Para T.S.A.

Spanish translation of Musts For USTs: A Summary Of The Federal Regulations

For Underground Storage Tank Systems. (About 40 pages.)

Straight Talk On Tanks: Leak Detection Methods For Petroleum Underground

Storage Tanks

Booklet explains federal regulatory requirements for leak detection and briefly

describes allowable leak detection methods. (About 30 pages.)

Doing Inventory Control Right: For Underground Storage Tanks

Booklet describes how owners and operators of USTs can use inventory control and

periodic tightness testing to meet federal leak detection requirements. Contains

reporting forms. (About 16 pages.)

Manual Tank Gauging: For Small Underground Storage Tanks

Booklet provides simple, step-by-step directions for conducting manual tank gauging

for tanks 2,000 gallons or smaller. Contains reporting forms. (About 12 pages.)

Don't Wait Until 1998: Spill, Overfill, And Corrosion Protection For

Underground Storage Tanks

Information to help owners and operators of USTs meet the 1998 deadline for

compliance with requirements to upgrade, replace, or close USTs installed before

December 1988. (About 16 pages.)

Dollars And Sense: Financial Responsibility Requirements For Underground

Storage Tanks

Booklet clearly summarizes the "financial responsibility" required of UST owners and

operators by federal UST regulations. (About 16 pages.)

An Overview Of Underground Storage Tank Remediation Options

Fact sheets provide information about technologies that can be used to remediate

petroleum contamination in soil and groundwater. (About 26 pages.)

Controlling UST Cleanup Costs

Fact sheet series on the cleanup process includes: Hiring a Contractor, Negotiating

the Contract, Interpreting the Bill, Managing the Process, and Understanding

Contractor Code Words. (About 10 pages.)

Federal Register Reprints

Not simple summaries, these reprints are extensive records of the rulemaking process

including technical information, explanatory preambles, and the rules as they appear in

the Code of Federal Regulations. Reprints dated 9/23/88; 10/26/88; 11/9/89; 5/2/90;

and 2/18/93. Over 300 pages.

You can call EPA's toll-free

RCRA/Superfund Hotline at

800 424-9346 and order free copies.

Just identify the titles you want. Or you

can write and ask for titles by addressing

your requests to:

NCEPI

Box 42419

Cincinnati, OH 45242

Or you can fax your order to NCEPI at

513 891-6685.
Musts For USTs 34

Publications And Videos About USTs

VIDEOS

TITLE/COST AVAILABLE FROM

Doing It Right Environmental Media Center

Illustrates proper installation of underground tanks and piping for installation crews. Box 30212

Part 1: Tanks (24 minutes); Part 2: Piping (16 minutes). Cost: $25 Bethesda, MD 20814

Doing It Right II: Installing Required UST Equipment

Illustrates installation of spill and overfill equipment, observation wells, and piping leak

detection (23 minutes). Cost: $60

Doing It Right and Doing it Right II Set Cost: $75

Keeping It Clean: Making Safe And Spill-Free Motor Fuel Deliveries

Making pollution-free deliveries to USTs. Includes Stage 1 vapor recovery, overfill

prevention and spill containment. For fuel tanker drivers and UST owner/operators (25

minutes). Cost: $60

Petroleum Leaks Underground

How liquids and vapors move in the subsurface and why early response to leaked

petroleum is so important. Part 1: How Liquids Move (14 minutes);

Part 2: How Vapors Move (15 minutes). Cost: $75

Straight Talk On Leak Detection

Overview of the leak detection methods available for complying with federal

regulations. Part 1: Straight Talk From Tank Owners (owners address the problems of

UST compliance [5 minutes]); Part 2: Straight Talk On Leak Detection (30 minutes).

Cost: $40

301 654-7141

800 522-0362

Visa and MasterCard accepted

Tank Closure Without Tears: An Inspector's Safety Guide New England Interstate

Focuses on explosive vapors and safe tank removal (30 minutes). Video and Booklet

Cost: $35; Booklet: $5

What Do We Have Here?: An Inspector's Guide To Site Assessment At Tank

Closure

Inspecting sites for contamination where tanks have been removed.

Part 1: Site Assessment Overview (30 minutes); Part 2: Field Testing Instruments At A

Glance (14 minutes); Part 3: Soil And Water Sampling At A Glance (7 minutes). Video

and Booklet Cost: $45; Booklet: $5

Searching For The Honest Tank: A Guide To UST Facility Compliance

Inspection

Covers major steps of UST inspections from protocols and equipment to enforcement

and followup; from cathodic protection to leak detection. Directed at inspectors, yet

also helpful to owners and operators (30 minutes). Video and Booklet Cost: $40;

Booklet: $5

Environmental Training Center

ATTN:VIDEOS

2 Fort Road

South Portland, ME 04106

207 767-2539
Musts For USTs 35

State Contacts For UST Information

[LUST contacts focus on leaking underground storage tanks.]

Alabama Dept. of Env. Hawaii Dept. of Health Kansas Dept. of Health &

Management Env.

Groundwater Section/ Bureau of Env.

Water Division Remediation

Box 301463 Storage Tank Section

Montgomery, AL Forbes Field, Bldg. 740

36130-1463 Topeka, KS 66620

UST phone: phone: 913 296-1678

334 271-7986

LUST phone: Connecticut Dept. of Env.

334 271-7834

Alaska Dept. of Env. State Office Bldg.

Conservation

410 Willoughby Ave.

Juneau, AK

99801-1795

phone: 907 465-5203 Marshall

Arizona Dept. of Env. Pesticides, Hazardous Chem. Safety

Quality

3033 N. Central Ave.

Phoenix, AZ 85012

phone: 602 207-4324

Arkansas Dept. of

Pollution Control &

Ecology

Regulated Storage

Tank Division

8001 National Dr.

Little Rock, AR

72209

phone: 501 570-2801

California State Water

Resources Control Board

Div. of Clean Water

Program

Box 944212

Sacramento, CA

94244-2120

phone: 916 227-4313

[UST contact]

Colorado State Oil

Inspection Office

1515 Arapahoe Street

Suite 525, Tower 3

Denver, CO

80202-2117

phone: 303 620-4300

[LUST contact]

Colorado Dept. of Health Solid and Hazardous

Hazardous Materials &

Waste Mgt. Div.

UST Program

4300 Cherry Creek Dr. S.

Denver, CO 80220

phone: 303 692-3453

Protection Div. of Env. Quality

UST Program

79 Elm Street

Hartford, CT 06106

phone: 203 424-3374

DC Env. Regulatory

Administration

Waste & UST Div. 1035 Stevenson Dr.

2100 Martin Luther King Springfield, IL 62703

Ave. S.E., Suite 203 phone: 217 785-5878

Washington, D.C. 20020

phone: 202 645-6080 [LUST contact]

Delaware Dept. of Natural

Resources & Env. Control LUST Section

UST Branch

715 Grantham Lane

New Castle, DE 19720

phone: 302 323-4588

Florida Dept. of Env.

Regulation

Tank Section

Twin Towers Office

Bldg., Rm. 403

2600 Blair Stone Road

Tallahassee, FL

32399-2400

phone: 904 488-3935

Georgia Dept. of Natural

Resources

UST Mgt. Program

4244 Intl. Parkway,

Suite 100

Atlanta, GA 30354

phone: 404 362-2687

Waste Branch

919 Ala Moana Blvd.,

Suite 212

Honolulu, HI 96814

phone: 808 586-4226

Idaho Dept. of Health &

Welfare Kentucky Div. of Waste

1410 North Hilton

Boise, ID 83706

phone: 208 334-0542

[UST contact]

Illinois Office of State Fire

Div. of Petroleum &

Illinois EPA

Div. of Remediation Mgt.

Box 19276

Springfield, IL

62794-9276

phone: 217 782-6760

Indiana Dept. of Env. Mgt.

Office of Env. Response

Box 7015

Indianapolis, IN 46206

phone: 317 233-6418 [UST contact]

Iowa Dept. of Natural

Resources

UST Section

Wallace State Office

Bldg.

900 East Grand

Des Moines, IA 50319

phone: 515 281-8135

Mgt.

UST Branch

14 Reilly Road

Frankfort, KY 40601

phone: 502 564-6716

Louisiana Dept. of Env.

Quality

UST Division

Box 82178

Baton Rouge, LA

70810

phone: 504 765-0243

Maine Dept. of Env.

Protection

State House, Station 17

Hospital St., Ray Bldg.

Augusta, ME 04333

phone: 207 287-2651

Maryland Dept. of Env.

Waste Mgt. Adm.

Oil Control Program

2500 Broening Highway

Baltimore, MD 21224

phone: 410 631-3442

Massachusetts Dept. of

Public Safety

UST Program

1010 Commonwealth

Ave.

Boston, MA 02215

phone: 617-351-6000

[LUST contact]

Massachusetts Dept. of

Env. Protection

Bureau of Waste Site

Cleanup

One Winter St.

Boston, MA 02108

phone: 617 556-1044
State Contacts For UST Information

Michigan Dept. of Natural North Dakota Div. of South Carolina Dept. of

Resources Waste Mgt. Health and Env.Control

UST Division Dept. of Health and Groundwater Protection

Box 30157 LUST/ER Section Consolidated Lab. Division

Lansing, MI 48909 Box 98922 Box 5520 2600 Bull St.

UST phone: Lincoln, NE Bismarck, ND Columbia, SC 29201

517 373-8168 68509-8922 58502-5520 UST phone:

MUSTFA (state fund): phone: 402 471-4230 phone: 701 328-5166 803 734-5335

517 373-6247 LUST phone:

Minnesota Pollution

Control Agency

Tanks and Spills Section Capitol Complex

520 Lafayette Road 333 W. Nye Lane UST Program

North Carson City, NV 89710 523 East Capitol

St. Paul, MN phone: 702 687-5872 Pierre, SD 57501

55155-3898 phone: 605 773-3296

phone: 612 297-8609

Mississippi Dept. of Env.

Quality

Bureau of Pollution 2000

Control, UST Section UST phone:

Box 10385 405 521-3107

Jackson, MS LUST phone:

39289-0385 405 521-6575

phone: 601 961-5171

Missouri Dept. of Natural

Resources

Water Pollution Control 401 E. State (CN-028) Tank Div.

Program (UST) Trenton, NJ Box 13087

Environmental Services 08625-0028 Austin, TX 78711-3087

Program (LUST) phone: 609 984-3156 phone: 512 239-2000

Box 176

Jefferson City, MO 65102-

0176

UST phone:

314 751-7428

LUST phone:

314 526-3384

Montana Dept. of Health &

Env. Sciences

Solid & Hazardous

Waste Bureau

UST Program

Cogswell Bldg.

Helena, MT 59620

phone: 406 444-5970

[UST contact]

Nebraska State Fire

Marshal

Flammable Liquid Storage

246 South 14th St.

Lincoln, NE 68508

phone: 402 471-9465 Response Program

[LUST contact]

Nebraska Dept. of Env.

Control

Nevada Dept. of Conserv. Ohio Dept. of Commerce

& Natural Resources

Div. of Env. Protection

New Hampshire Dept. of Commission

Env. Services

Oil Compliance Section

Groundwater Protection Div. of USTs

Bureau 4th Floor, L&C Tower

Box 95 401 Church St.

Concord, NH 03301 Nashville, TN

phone: 603 271-3644 37243-1541

New Jersey Dept. of Env.

Protection

Responsible Party Site

Remediation Petroleum Storage

New Mexico Env. Dept.

UST Bureau

Box 26110

Santa Fe, NM 87502

phone: 505 827-0188

New York Dept. of Env.

Conservation

Bulk Storage Section

50 Wolf Rd., Rm. 340

Albany, NY

12233-3750

phone: 518 457-4351

North Carolina Pollution

Control Branch

Div. of Env. Mgt.

Dept. of Env. Health &

Natural Resources

441 N. Harrington St.

Raleigh, NC

27603-1323

phone: 919 733-8486

Bureau of UST Regulations

8895 East Main St.

Box 687

Reynoldsburg, OH 43068

phone: 614 752-7938

Oklahoma Corporation

Fuel Storage Division

Box 52000-2000

Oklahoma City, OK 73152-

[UST contact]

Oregon Dept. of Env.

Quality

UST Compliance Section

811 S.W. Sixth Ave.,

7th Floor

Portland, OR 97204

phone: 503 229-5774

[LUST contact] Div. of Env. Response

Oregon Dept. of Env.

Quality

UST Cleanup Program

811 S.W. Sixth Ave.,

9th Floor

Portland, OR 97204

phone: 503 229-6642

Pennsylvania Dept. of

Env. Resources

Storage Tank Program

Box 8762

Harrisburg, PA17101-2301

phone: 717 772-5599

Rhode Island Dept. of Env.

Mgt.

UST Section

291 Promenade St.

Providence, RI 02908

phone: 401 277-2234

803 734-5331

South Dakota Dept. of

Env. & Nat. Resources

Tennessee Dept. of Env. &

Conservation

phone: 615 532-0945

Texas Natural Resources

Conservation Comm.

Utah Dept. of Env. Quality

and Remediation

UST Branch

168 North 1950 West,

1st Floor

Salt Lake City, UT 84116

phone: 801 536-4100

Vermont Dept. of Natural

Resources

UST Program

103 South Main St.,

West Bldg.

Waterbury, VT 05676

phone: 802 244-8702

[UST contact]

Virginia Dept. Env. Quality

4951 Cox Road

Glen Allen, VA 23060

phone: 804 527-5189
State Contacts For UST Information

[LUST contact]

Virginia Dept. Env. Quality

Groundwater Mgt.

Program

4951 Cox Road

Glen Allen, VA 23060

phone: 804 527-5189

Washington Dept. of

Ecology

Box 47655

Olympia, WA

98504-7655

UST phone:

206 407-7211

LUST phone:

206 407-7218

West Virginia Div. of Env.

Protection

Office of Waste Mgt.

UST Section

1356 Hansford St.

Charleston, WV 25301

phone: 304 558-6371

[UST contact]

Wisconsin Dept. of

Industry, Labor & Human

Relations

Division of Safety and

Buildings

Box 7969

Madison, WI 53707

phone: 608 267-7605

[LUST contact]

Wisconsin Dept. of

Natural Resources

Bureau of Solid and

Hazardous Waste Mgt.

Box 7921

Madison, WI

53707-7921

phone: 608 267-7560

Wyoming Dept. of Env.

Quality

Water Quality Div.

Herschler Bldg.,

4th Floor

122 West 25th St.

Cheyenne, WY 82002

phone: 307 777-7096

U.S. TERRITORIES

American Samoa Env.

Protection Agency

Office of the Governor

American Samoa

Government

ATTN: UST Program

Pago Pago, American

Samoa 96799

phone: 684 633-2304

Commonwealth of

Northern Mariana Islands

Div. of Env. Quality

Box 1304

Dr. Torres Hospital

Saipan, MP 96950

phone: 607 234-6984

Guam Env. Protection

Agency

IT&E

Harmon Plaza,

Complex Unit D-107

130 Rojas St.

Harmon, Guam 96911

phone: 671 646-8863

Puerto Rico Env. Quality

Board

Box 11488

Commonwealth of

Puerto Rico

Santurce, Puerto Rico

00910

phone: 809 767-8109

Virgin Islands Div. of Env.

Protection

Dept. of Planning and

Natural Resources

Nisky Center 231

45A Estate Nisky

Charlotte Amalie

St. Thomas, Virgin

Islands 00802

phone: 809 774-3320
United States

Environmental Protection

Agency

5403W

Washington, DC 20460

Official Business

Penalty for Private Use

$300