U S C E N S U S B U R E A U

Helping You Make Informed Decisions •1902-2002

Demographic Programs

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Health Insurance Coverage: 2001

Consumer Income

Issued September 2002

Current

Population

Reports

By 

Robert J. Mills

P60-220

Reversing 2 years of falling

uninsured rates, the share of the

population without health insurance

rose in 2001. An estimated 14.6

percent of the population or 41.2

million people were without health

insurance coverage during the

entire year in 2001, up from 14.2

percent in 2000, an increase of 1.4

million people. 

The estimates in this report are based on

the 2002 Current Population Survey

(CPS) Annual Demographic Supplement,

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Respondents provide answers to the best

of their ability, but as with all surveys,

the estimates may differ from the actual

values. A copy of the CPS Supplement

questionnaire is available electronically

at http://www.census.gov/apsd

/techdoc/cps/cps-main.html.

Highlights:1

• The number and percentage of people

covered by employment-based health

insurance dropped in 2001, from 63.6

percent to 62.6 percent, the foundation

1 Confidence intervals for estimates are provided

in Table 1. These measures of sampling error

should be used when comparing estimates. 

NEW POPULATION CONTROLS AND EXPANDED SAMPLE

The estimates in this report are based on the 2000, 2001, and 2002 Current

Population Survey Annual Demographic Supplements (CPS ADS) and provide

information for calendar years 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. These estimates use population estimates based on Census 2000. Earlier reports presenting data for calendar years 1993 through 2000 used population estimates based

on the 1990 census.

In 2001, the Census Bureau tested a sample expansion of 28,000 households to

the CPS ADS. The sample expansion was officially implemented in the estimates

presented here. It is primarily designed to improve the reliability of state estimates of children’s health insurance coverage, but the larger sample size also

improves the reliability of national estimates of other topics.

Because results presented in this report from the 2001 survey have been recalculated

based on the expanded sample and the Census 2000-based weights, they may differ

slightly from earlier estimates that did not incorporate the sample expansion and

were based on the 1990 census. Appendix B presents more detail on the introduction

of the sample expansion and new population controls based on Census 2000.

All statements in this report have undergone statistical testing, and all comparisons are significant at the 90-percent confidence level. Further information on

the source and accuracy of the estimates is at

www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads/2002/ssrcacc.htm.
of the overall decrease in health

insurance coverage.

• The number and percentage of

people covered by government

health insurance programs rose

in 2001, from 24.7 percent to

25.3 percent, largely from an

increase in the number and percentage of people covered by

medicaid (from 10.6 percent to

11.2 percent). 

• The proportion of uninsured

children did not change, remaining at 8.5 million in 2001, or

11.7 percent of all children. 

• Although medicaid insured 13.3

million poor people, 10.1 million poor people still had no

health insurance in 2001, representing 30.7 percent of the

poor, unchanged from 2000. 

• Hispanics (66.8 percent) were

less likely than non-Hispanic

Whites (90.0 percent) to be covered by health insurance.2 The

coverage rate for Blacks in 2001

(81.0 percent) did not differ

from the coverage rate for

Asians and Pacific Islanders

(81.8 percent).

• American Indians and Alaska

Natives were less likely to have

health insurance than other racial

groups, based on 3-year averages

(1999-2001) — 72.9 percent,

compared with 80.8 percent of

Blacks, 81.5 percent of Asians

and Pacific Islanders, and 90.2

2 U.S. Census Bureau

2 Because Hispanics may be of any race,

data in this report for Hispanics overlap

slightly with data for the Black population

and the Asian and Pacific Islander population. About 10.9 percent of White households, 3.0 percent of Black households, 2.0

percent of Asian and Pacific Islander households, and 13.1 percent of American Indian

and Alaska Native households are maintained by a person of Hispanic origin. 

percent of non-Hispanic Whites.

However, American Indians and

Alaska Natives were more likely

to have insurance than were

Hispanics (67.0 percent).

• Among the entire population 18

to 64 years old, workers (both

full- and part-time) were more

likely to have health insurance

(83.0 percent) than nonworkers

(75.3 percent), but among the

poor, workers were less likely to

be covered (51.3 percent) than

nonworkers (63.2 percent). 

• Compared with 2000, the proportion who had employmentbased policies in their own name

fell for workers employed by

firms with fewer than 25 employees, but was unchanged for

those employed by larger firms.

• Young adults (18 to 24 years

old) were less likely than other

age groups to have health insurance coverage — 71.9 percent

in 2001, compared with 83.3

percent of those 25 to 64 and,

reflecting widespread medicare

coverage, 99.2 percent of those

65 years and over.

More people did not have

health insurance in 2001.

The number of people without

health insurance coverage rose to

41.2 million (14.6 percent of the

population) in 2001, up 1.4 million

from the previous year, when 14.2

percent of the population lacked

coverage (see Table 1). Interestingly,

the number of people covered by

health insurance also increased in

2001, up 1.2 million to 240.9 million (85.4 percent of the population). Both increases can be attributed in part to an overall population

growth from 2000 to 2001.

A decline in employmentbased insurance prompted the

decrease in insurance

coverage rates.3

Most people (62.6 percent) were

covered by a health insurance plan

related to employment for some or

all of 2001, a decrease of 1.0 percentage point from the previous

year. The 1.1 percentage point

decline in private health insurance

coverage, to 70.9 percent in 2001,

largely reflects the decrease in

employment-based insurance (see

Figure 1). 

Although it did not offset the overall decline, health insurance coverage provided by the government

increased between 2000 and 2001.

This increase largely reflects the

increase in medicaid coverage,

which rose by 0.6 percentage

points to 11.2 percent in 2001.4

Among the entire population, 25.3

percent had government insurance,

including medicare (13.5 percent),

medicaid (11.2 percent), and military health care (3.4 percent).

Many people carried coverage from

more than one plan during the

year; for example, 7.6 percent of

people were covered by both private health insurance and

medicare.

3 Employment-based health insurance is

coverage offered through one’s own employment or a relative’s. 4 Some of this increased medicaid coverage may be due to expansions in the State

Children’s Health Insurance Program. For

further discussion, see Charles T. Nelson and

Robert J. Mills; U.S. Census Bureau; “The

Characteristics of People Reporting State

Children’s Health Insurance Program

Coverage in the March 2001 Current

Population Survey;” August 2002; at

www.census.gov/hhes/hlthins/asa02.pdf.
U.S. Census Bureau 3

Table 1.

People Without Health Insurance for the Entire Year by Selected Characteristics:

2000 and 2001

(Numbers in thousands. For an explanation of confidence intervals (C.I.), see ‘‘Standard errors and their use’’ on the Census Bureau’s CPS

Web site at www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads/2002/ssrcacc.htm)

2001 2000 Difference, 2001 less 20001

Uninsured Uninsured Uninsured

Characteristic

Percent Percent Percent

Per- 90-pct Per- 90-pct Per- 90-pct

Total Number cent1 C.I. (±) Total Number cent1 C.I. (±) Number cent C.I. (±)

People

Total .................. 282,082 41,207 14.6 0.2 279,517 39,804 14.2 0.2 *1,403 *0.4 0.1

Sex

Male ...................... 137,871 21,722 15.8 0.2 136,559 20,791 15.2 0.2 *931 *0.5 0.2

Female.................... 144,211 19,485 13.5 0.2 142,958 19,013 13.3 0.2 *472 *0.2 0.2

Race and Ethnicity

White . . . .................. 230,071 31,193 13.6 0.2 228,208 30,075 13.2 0.2 *1,118 *0.4 0.1

Non-Hispanic ............ 194,822 19,409 10.0 0.2 193,931 18,683 9.6 0.2 *726 *0.3 0.1

Black . . ................... 36,023 6,833 19.0 0.3 35,597 6,683 18.8 0.3 150 0.2 0.5

Asian and Pacific Islander . . . 12,500 2,278 18.2 0.7 12,693 2,287 18.0 0.7 –9 0.2 0.8

Hispanic2.................. 37,438 12,417 33.2 0.3 36,093 11,883 32.9 0.3 *534 0.2 0.4

Age

Under 18 years . ........... 72,628 8,509 11.7 0.2 72,314 8,617 11.9 0.2 –108 –0.2 0.2

18 to 24 years ............. 27,312 7,673 28.1 0.5 26,815 7,406 27.6 0.5 *267 0.5 0.6

25 to 34 years ............. 38,670 9,051 23.4 0.3 38,865 8,507 21.9 0.3 *544 *1.5 0.4

35 to 44 years ............. 44,284 7,131 16.1 0.3 44,566 6,898 15.5 0.3 *233 *0.6 0.4

45 to 64 years ............. 65,419 8,571 13.1 0.2 63,391 8,124 12.8 0.2 *447 *0.3 0.3

65 years and over . . . ....... 33,769 272 0.8 0.2 33,566 251 0.7 21 0.1 0.1

Nativity

Native. . ................... 249,629 30,364 12.2 0.2 247,706 29,529 11.9 0.2 *835 *0.2 0.1

Foreign born............... 32,453 10,843 33.4 0.5 31,811 10,275 32.3 0.5 *568 *1.1 0.6

Naturalized citizen........ 11,962 2,060 17.2 0.7 11,785 1,930 16.4 0.7 *131 *0.9 0.8

Not a citizen . . ........... 20,491 8,782 42.9 0.7 20,026 8,345 41.7 0.7 *437 *1.2 0.8

Region

Northeast.................. 53,300 6,399 12.0 0.2 53,046 6,372 12.0 0.2 27 - 0.3

Midwest ................... 63,779 6,840 10.7 0.2 63,631 6,703 10.5 0.2 136 0.2 0.2

South ..................... 100,652 16,712 16.6 0.2 99,420 16,000 16.1 0.2 *712 *0.5 0.3

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,351 11,257 17.5 0.3 63,420 10,728 16.9 0.3 *528 *0.6 0.3

Household Income

Less than $25,000.......... 62,209 14,474 23.3 0.3 61,792 14,094 22.8 0.3 *380 *0.5 0.4

$25,000 to $49,999. . ....... 76,226 13,516 17.7 0.2 77,084 13,385 17.4 0.2 131 *0.4 0.3

$50,000 to $74,999. . ....... 58,114 6,595 11.3 0.2 59,089 6,513 11.0 0.2 81 *0.3 0.3

$75,000 or more ........... 85,532 6,623 7.7 0.2 81,553 5,812 7.1 0.2 *811 *0.6 0.2

Education

(18 years and older)

Total ...................... 209,454 32,698 15.6 0.2 207,203 31,186 15.1 0.2 *1,512 *0.6 0.2

No high school diploma ..... 35,423 9,776 27.6 0.5 34,994 9,406 26.9 0.5 *370 *0.7 0.5

High school graduate only. . . 66,682 11,618 17.4 0.3 66,327 11,137 16.8 0.3 *481 *0.6 0.3

Some college, no degree.... 40,282 5,815 14.4 0.3 40,298 5,400 13.4 0.3 *415 *1.0 0.4

Associate degree .......... 16,183 1,754 10.8 0.5 16,075 1,721 10.7 0.5 34 0.1 0.5

Bachelor’s degree or higher . 50,884 3,734 7.3 0.2 49,510 3,522 7.1 0.2 *212 0.2 0.2

Work Experience

(18 to 64 years old)

Total ...................... 175,685 32,426 18.5 0.2 173,638 30,935 17.8 0.2 *1,491 *0.6 0.2

Worked during year. . ....... 142,474 24,230 17.0 0.2 142,447 23,525 16.5 0.2 *704 *0.5 0.2

Worked full-time.......... 118,776 19,014 16.0 0.2 119,067 18,707 15.7 0.2 307 *0.3 0.3

Worked part-time ......... 23,698 5,216 22.0 0.5 23,381 4,818 20.6 0.5 *398 *1.4 0.7

Did not work ............... 33,211 8,197 24.7 0.5 31,190 7,410 23.8 0.5 *787 *0.9 0.6

- Represents zero or rounds to zero. *Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

All numbers are derived from unrounded numbers. Some numbers and percentages may therefore appear to be slightly higher or lower

than those computed with rounded figures from other columns. 2

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2001 and 2002 Annual Demographic Supplements.
The uninsured rates for the

poor and the near poor did not

change between 2000 and 2001. 

Despite the medicaid program, 10.1

million poor people, or 30.7 percent

of the poor, had no health insurance

of any kind during 2001. This percentage — more than double the

rate for the total population — did

not change significantly from the

previous year. The uninsured poor

comprised 24.5 percent of all uninsured people (see Table 2).

Medicaid was the most widespread

type of health insurance among

the poor, with 40.5 percent (13.3

million) of those in poverty covered by medicaid for some or all of

2001. This percentage did not

change from the previous year.5

Among the near poor (those with a

family income greater than or equal

to, but less than 125 percent of, the

poverty level), 26.5 percent (3.3

million people) lacked health insurance in 2001, unchanged from

2000. Although private health

insurance coverage among the near

poor declined in 2001 — from 40.3

percent to 37.8 percent — their rate

of government health insurance

coverage did not change from 2000

(it was 47.1 percent in 2001). 

Key demographic factors

affect health insurance

coverage.

Age - People 18 to 24 years old

were less likely than other age

groups to have health insurance

coverage, with 71.9 percent covered

for some or all of 2001. Because of

medicare, almost all people 65

years and over (99.2 percent) had

health insurance in 2001. For other

age groups, health insurance coverage ranged from 76.6 percent to

88.3 percent (see Figure 2).

rate among Hispanics (33.2 percent

4 U.S. Census Bureau

5 Changes in year-to-year medicaid estimates should be viewed with caution. For

more information, see the Technical Note on

page 12. 

Among the poor, people 18 to 64

years old had a markedly lower

health insurance coverage rate

(57.7 percent) in 2001 than either

people under 18 (78.7 percent) or

65 years and over (97.3 percent).6

Race and Hispanic origin - While the

uninsured rate rose in 2001 for

non-Hispanic Whites — from 9.6

percent to 10.0 percent — the uninsured rates among Blacks (19.0 percent) and among Asians and Pacific

Islanders (18.2 percent) did not

change from 2000.7 The uninsured

6 The health insurance coverage rates of

poor people 18-64 years old and poor people 35-44 years old were not different. 7 Data users should exercise caution

when interpreting aggregate results for the

Asian and Pacific Islander (API) population

because the API population consists of many

distinct groups that differ in socio-economic

characteristics, culture, and recency of immigration. In addition, the CPS does not use

separate population controls for weighting

the API sample to national totals.

in 2001) also did not change from

2000 (see Table 1).8

The CPS Annual Demographic

Supplement, the source of these

data, obtained interviews from

78,000 households nationwide but

is not large enough to produce reliable annual estimates for American

Indians and Alaska Natives.

However, Table 3 displays 3-year

averages of the number of

American Indians and Alaska

Natives, their uninsured rate, and

3-year-average uninsured rates for

other race groups. The 3-year

average (1999-2001) shows that

27.1 percent of American Indians

8 Data users should exercise caution

when interpreting aggregate results for the

Hispanic population because this population

consists of many distinct groups that differ

in socio-economic characteristics, culture,

and recency of immigration. 

Figure 1.

Type of Health Insurance and Coverage 

Status: 2000 and 2001 

*Statistically different at the 90-percent confidence level. 

1Military health care includes: CHAMPUS (Comprehensive Health and Medical Plan for Uniformed 

Services)/Tricare and CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans' 

Affairs), as well as care provided by the Veterans' Administration and the military. 

Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive; people can be covered 

by more than one type of health insurance during the year. 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Surveys, 2001 and 2002 Annual 

Demographic Supplement. 

Private

Government insurance

No insurance

2001

2000

Not covered

Military

health care1

Medicaid

Medicare

Government

Employmentbased

Any private

plan

(In percent)

14.6

14.2*

71.9*

63.6*

24.7*

13.5

10.6*

3.3*

70.9

62.6

25.3

13.5

11.2

3.4
U.S. Census Bureau 5

Table 2.

Poor People Without Health Insurance for the Entire Year by Selected Characteristics:

2000 and 2001

(Numbers in thousands. For an explanation of confidence intervals (C.I.), see ‘‘Standard errors and their use’’ on the Census Bureau’s CPS

Web site at www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads/2002/ssrcacc.htm)

2001 2000 Difference, 2001 less 20001

Uninsured Uninsured Uninsured

Characteristic

Percent Percent Percent

Per- 90-pct Per- 90-pct Per- 90-pct

Total Number cent1 C.I. (±) Total Number cent1 C.I. (±) Number cent C.I. (±)

People

Total .................. 32,907 10,093 30.7 1.0 31,581 9,548 30.2 1.0 *545 0.4 1.0

Sex

Male ...................... 14,327 4,854 33.9 1.5 13,536 4,461 33.0 2.1 *393 0.9 2.0

Female.................... 18,580 5,239 28.2 1.3 18,045 5,086 28.2 1.3 152 - 1.3

Race and Ethnicity

White . . . .................. 22,739 7,206 31.7 1.2 21,645 6,804 31.4 1.2 *402 0.3 1.3

Non-Hispanic ............ 15,271 3,893 25.5 1.3 14,366 3,576 24.9 1.3 *316 0.6 1.4

Black . . ................... 8,136 2,131 26.2 1.8 7,982 2,038 25.5 1.8 93 0.7 1.9

Asian and Pacific Islander . . . 1,275 489 38.3 5.1 1,258 464 36.8 5.1 25 1.5 5.4

Hispanic2.................. 7,997 3,496 43.7 2.1 7,747 3,356 43.3 2.1 140 0.4 1.8

Age

Under 18 years ............ 11,733 2,497 21.3 1.3 11,587 2,602 22.5 1.3 –106 –1.2 1.3

18 to 24 years ............. 4,449 2,025 45.5 1.8 4,036 1,793 44.4 1.8 *232 1.1 1.9

25 to 34 years ............. 4,255 2,108 49.5 1.8 4,087 1,968 48.1 1.8 *140 1.4 1.9

35 to 44 years ............. 3,822 1,703 44.6 1.8 3,660 1,568 42.8 2.0 *135 1.7 2.0

45 to 64 years ............. 5,234 1,669 31.9 1.5 4,887 1,527 31.2 1.5 *142 0.6 1.6

65 years and over . . . ....... 3,414 91 2.7 0.7 3,323 88 2.7 0.7 2 - 0.7

Nativity

Native. . ................... 27,698 7,223 26.1 1.0 26,680 6,904 25.9 1.0 318 0.2 1.1

Foreign born............... 5,209 2,870 55.1 3.0 4,901 2,643 53.9 3.1 227 1.2 3.2

Naturalized citizen........ 1,186 377 31.8 5.8 1,060 349 32.9 6.3 28 –1.1 6.3

Not a citizen . . ........... 4,023 2,493 62.0 3.3 3,841 2,294 59.7 3.5 199 2.2 3.5

Region

Northeast.................. 5,687 1,504 26.4 2.1 5,474 1,255 22.9 2.0 *249 *3.5 2.2

Midwest ................... 5,966 1,546 25.9 2.0 5,916 1,573 26.6 2.1 –26 –0.7 2.2

South ..................... 13,515 4,366 32.3 1.6 12,705 4,183 32.9 1.6 183 –0.6 1.7

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,739 2,677 34.6 2.3 7,485 2,537 33.9 2.3 140 0.7 2.4

Education

(18 years and older)

Total ...................... 21,174 7,596 35.9 1.3 19,994 6,945 34.7 1.3 *651 1.1 1.3

No high school diploma ..... 8,033 2,992 37.2 2.0 7,865 2,841 36.1 2.0 150 1.1 2.1

High school graduate only. . . 7,029 2,523 35.9 2.1 6,536 2,282 34.9 2.3 *241 1.0 2.3

Some college, no degree.... 3,392 1,194 35.2 3.1 3,040 1,022 33.6 3.3 *172 1.6 3.3

Associate degree . . . . . . . . . . 886 314 35.4 6.1 870 266 30.6 5.9 48 4.8 6.3

Bachelor’s degree or higher . 1,832 574 31.3 4.1 1,684 534 31.7 4.3 40 –0.4 4.4

Work Experience

(18 to 64 years old)

Total ...................... 17,760 7,506 42.3 1.5 16,671 6,857 41.1 1.5 *649 1.1 1.5

Worked during year. . ....... 8,172 3,978 48.7 2.1 8,100 3,692 45.6 2.1 *286 *3.1 2.2

Worked full-time.......... 5,121 2,575 50.3 2.6 5,088 2,485 48.8 2.6 90 1.5 2.8

Worked part-time ......... 3,051 1,403 46.0 3.5 3,012 1,208 40.1 3.5 *195 *5.9 3.6

Did not work ............... 9,588 3,528 36.8 1.8 8,571 3,165 36.9 2.0 *363 –0.1 2.0

- Represents zero or rounds to zero. *Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

All numbers are derived from unrounded numbers. Some numbers and percentages may therefore appear to be slightly higher or lower

than those computed with rounded figures from other columns. 2

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2001 and 2002 Annual Demographic Supplements.
6 U.S. Census Bureau

Figure 2.

People Without Health Insurance for the Entire Year by 

Selected Characteristics: 2001

(In percent)

ALL People POOR

14.6 Total 30.7

Sex

15.8 Male 33.9

13.5 Female 28.2

Age

11.7 Under 18 years 21.3

28.1 18 to 24 years 45.5

23.4 25 to 34 years 49.5

16.1 35 to 44 years 44.6

13.1 45 to 64 years 31.9

0.8 65 years and over 2.7

Race and ethnicity

13.6 White 31.7

10.0 White non-Hispanic 25.5

19.0 Black 26.2

18.2 Asian and Pacific Islander 38.3

33.2 Hispanic1 43.7

Nativity

12.2 Native 26.1

33.4 Foreign born 55.1

17.2 Naturalized citizen 31.8

42.9 Not a citizen 62.0

Household income

23.3 Less than $25,000 (NA)

17.7 $25,000 to $49,999 (NA)

11.3 $50,000 to $74,999 (NA)

7.7 $75,000 or more (NA)

Education (18 years and older) 

27.6 No high school diploma 37.2

17.4 High school graduate only 35.9

14.4 Some college, no degree 35.2

10.8 Associate degree 35.4

7.3 Bachelor's degree or higher 31.3

Work experience (18 to 64 years old)

17.0 Worked during year 48.7

16.0 Worked full time 50.3

22.0 Worked part time 46.0

24.7 Did not work 36.8

NA Not Applicable. 1Hispanics may be of any race. 

Note: For discussion of significant differences between groups, see text. 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2002 Annual Demographic Supplement. 
and Alaska Natives were without

coverage, higher than the 19.2

percent for Blacks, 18.5 percent for

Asians and Pacific Islanders, and

9.8 percent for non-Hispanic

Whites.9 However, the 3-yearaverage uninsured rate for

Hispanics (33.0 percent) was higher than the uninsured rate for

American Indians and Alaska

Natives. 

U.S. Census Bureau 7

9 Data users should exercise caution

when interpreting aggregate data for

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN)

because the AIAN population consists of

groups that differ in economic characteristics. Data from the 1990 census show that

economic characteristics of those American

Indians and Alaska Natives who live in

American Indian and Alaska Native areas differ from the characteristics of those who live

outside these areas. In addition, the CPS

does not use separate population controls

for weighting the AIAN samples to national

totals. See Accuracy of Estimates on page

11 for a further discussion of CPS estimation

procedures.

Comparisons of 2-year moving

averages (1999-2000 and 2000-

2001) show that while the uninsured rate fell for American Indians

and Alaska Natives from 27.7 percent to 25.5 percent and for Blacks

from 19.3 percent to 18.9 percent,

uninsured rates among nonHispanic Whites, Asians and Pacific

Islanders, and Hispanics did not

change.

Nativity - In 2001, the proportion

of the foreign-born population

without health insurance (33.4 percent) was more than double that of

the native population (12.2 percent).10 Among the foreign born,

10 Natives are people born in the United

States, Puerto Rico, or an outlying area of

the United States, such as Guam or the U.S.

Virgin Islands, and people who were born in

a foreign country but who had at least one

parent who was a U.S. citizen. All other people born outside the United States are foreign born.

noncitizens were much more likely

than naturalized citizens to lack

coverage — 42.9 percent compared with 17.2 percent.

Educational attainment - Among all

adults, the likelihood of being

insured increased as the level of

education rose. Compared with

the previous year, coverage rates

decreased for those with no high

school diploma, those who are

high school graduates only, and

those with some college education

but no degree. Coverage rates did

not change from 2000 to 2001 for

adults with an associate degree or

higher. 

Economic status affects health

insurance coverage.

Income - The likelihood of being

covered by health insurance rises

with income. Among households

with annual incomes of less than

Table 3.

People Without Health Insurance Coverage for the Entire Year by Race and Ethnicity

(3-Year Average): 1999 to 2001

(Numbers in thousands. For an explanation of confidence intervals (C.I.), see ‘‘Standard errors and their use’’ on the Census Bureau’s CPS

Annual Demographic Supplement Web site at www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads/2002/ssrcacc.htm)

Characteristic

3-year average

1999-2001 Average 2000-2001 Average 1999-2000 Difference, 2000-2001

less 1999-20001

Value

90-pct

C.I. (±) Value

90-pct

C.I. (±) Value

90-pct

C.I. (±) Value

90-pct

C.I. (±)

PERCENT

All races .......................... 14.5 0.1 14.4 0.1 14.4 0.1 0.0 0.1

White ............................ 13.3 0.1 13.4 0.1 13.2 0.1 *0.2 0.1

Non-Hispanic .................. 9.8 0.1 9.8 0.1 9.7 0.1 0.1 0.1

Black. ............................ 19.2 0.3 18.9 0.3 19.3 0.4 *-0.4 0.3

American Indian and Alaska Native . . 27.1 1.1 25.5 1.2 27.7 1.4 *-2.2 1.3

Asian and Pacific Islander .......... 18.5 0.5 18.1 0.5 18.6 0.6 –0.5 0.6

Hispanic2 ......................... 33.0 0.3 33.0 0.3 32.9 0.4 0.1 0.4

NUMBER

All races .......................... 40,413 243 40,506 261 40,016 301 *490 278

White ............................ 30,378 215 30,634 231 29,970 266 *664 246

Non-Hispanic .................. 18,998 174 19,046 187 18,792 216 *254 199

Black. ............................ 6,878 106 6,758 114 6,901 132 *-143 124

American Indian and Alaska Native . . 872 42 831 44 856 52 –25 50

Asian and Pacific Islander .......... 2,286 66 2,283 71 2,290 82 –7 76

Hispanic2 ......................... 11,921 117 12,150 125 11,673 142 *478 124

*Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

As a result of rounding, some differences may appear to be slightly higher or lower than the difference of the reported rates.

2

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2000, 2001, and 2002 Annual Demographic Supplements.
$25,000, the percentage with

health insurance was 76.7 percent;

the level rises to 92.3 percent for

those with incomes of $75,000 or

more (see Figure 2). Compared

with the previous year, coverage

rates decreased at every level of

household income. 

Work experience - Of those 18 to

64 years old in 2001, full-time

workers were more likely to be

covered by health insurance (84.0

percent) than part-time workers

(78.0 percent), and part-time workers were more likely to be insured

than nonworkers (75.3 percent).11

However, among the poor, nonworkers (63.2 percent) were more

likely to be insured than part-time

workers (54.0 percent), who were

more likely to be insured than fulltime workers (49.7 percent). 

Firm size - Of the 142.6 million

workers in the United States who

were 18 to 64 years old, 56.3 percent had employment-based health

insurance policies in their own

name (see Figure 3). The proportion increased with the size of the

employing firm from 31.3 percent

for firms with fewer than 25

employees to 69.6 percent for firms

with 1000 or more employees.

(These estimates do not reflect the

fact that some workers were covered by another family member’s

employment-based policy).

Compared with the previous year,

the proportion who had

employment-based policies in their

own name decreased for workers

employed by firms with fewer than

25 employees, but was unchanged

for those employed by larger firms. 

8 U.S. Census Bureau

11 Workers were classified as part time if

they worked fewer than 35 hours per week

in the majority of the weeks they worked in

2001.

The uninsured rate for

children did not change

between 2000 and 2001.

The percentage of children (people

under 18 years old) without health

insurance did not change in 2001

(see Table 1), remaining at 8.5 million or 11.7 percent. A decline in

employment-based health insurance coverage of children was offset by an increase in coverage by

medicaid or the State Children’s

Health Insurance Program. 

Among poor children, 21.3 percent

(2.5 million children) had no health

insurance during 2001, unchanged

from the previous year (see Table

2). For this group, employmentbased coverage decreased from

20.1 percent to 18.6 percent, while

government health insurance coverage increased from 60.9 percent

to 63.3 percent. Poor children

made up 29.3 percent of all uninsured children in 2001.

Among near-poor children (those in

families whose income was greater

than or equal to, but less than 

125 percent of, the poverty level),

21.6 percent (0.9 million children)

were without health insurance in

2001, unchanged from 2000.12 For

this group, private health insurance coverage decreased from

39.8 percent to 36.4 percent, but

government health insurance coverage did not change. 

The likelihood of health

insurance coverage varies

among children.

• Children 12 to 17 years old

were more likely to be uninsured than those under 12 —

13.1 percent compared with

11.0 percent.

• The uninsured rate declined in

2001 for Hispanic children —

from 25.3 percent to 24.1 percent. The uninsured rates for

non-Hispanic White children (7.4

percent), Black children (13.9

percent), and Asian and Pacific

Islander children (11.7 percent)

12 The health insurance coverage rates of

poor children and near-poor children were

not different.

Figure 3.

Workers Age 18 to 64 Covered by Their Own 

Employment-Based Health Insurance 

by Firm Size: 2001

Note: For discussion of significant differences between groups, see text. 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2002 Annual Demographic Supplement.

(In percent)

56.3

31.3

56.8

65.3

67.8

69.6 1,000 or more

employees

500 to 999

employees

100 to 499

employees

25 to 99

employees

Less than

25 employees

Total
were unchanged from 2000 (see

Figure 4).

• While most children (68.4 percent) were covered by an

employment-based or privately

purchased health insurance plan

in 2001, nearly 1 in 4 (22.7 percent) was covered by medicaid.

• Black children had a higher rate

of medicaid coverage in 2001

than children of any other racial

or ethnic group -– 38.3 percent,

compared with 34.9 percent of

Hispanic children, 18.0 percent

of Asian and Pacific Islander

children, and 15.3 percent of

non-Hispanic White children (see

Figure 5).

• Children living in single-parent

families in 2001 were less likely

to be insured than children living in married-couple families —

84.3 percent compared with

90.4 percent. 

Some states had higher

uninsured rates than others.

The proportion of people without

health insurance ranged from 7.2

percent in Rhode Island to 23.2

percent in New Mexico, based on

3-year averages for 1999, 2000,

and 2001 (see Table 4). Although

the data presented suggest that

New Mexico had the highest uninsured rate, its rate was not statistically different from the rate for

Texas. Similarly, although the data

suggest that Rhode Island had the

lowest uninsured rate, its rate was

not statistically different from the

rate for Minnesota.

Comparisons of 2-year moving

averages (1999-2000 and 2000-

2001) show that the proportion of

U.S. Census Bureau 9

Figure 4.

Uninsured Children by Race, Ethnicity, and Age: 2001

1Hispanics may be of any race. 

Note: For discussion of significant differences between groups, see text. 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2002 Annual Demographic Supplement. 

(In percent)

11.7

21.3

10.7

11.2

13.1

11.0

7.4

13.9

11.7

Hispanic origin1 24.1

Asian and

Pacific Islander

Black

White non-Hispanic

White

12 to 17 years

6 to 11 years

Under 6 years

Poor children

All children

Race and ethnicity

Age

Figure 5.

Children Covered by Medicaid by Race 

and Ethnicity: 2001 

(In percent)

1Hispanics may be of any race. 

Note: For discussion of significant differences between groups, see text. 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2002 Annual Demographic Supplement.

22.7

19.4

15.3

38.3

18.0

Hispanic1 34.9

Asian and Pacific

Islander

Black

White non-Hispanic

White

All children
10 U.S. Census Bureau

Table 4.

Percent of People Without Health Insurance Coverage for the Entire Year by State

(3-Year Average): 1999 to 2001

(For an explanation of confidence intervals (C.I.), see ‘‘Standard errors and their use’’ on the Census Bureau’s CPS Annual Demographic

Supplement Web site at www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads/2002/ssrcacc.htm)

3-year average Difference, 2000-2001 Average 2000-2001 Average 1999-2000 1999-2001 less 1999-20001

State

90-pct. 90-pct. 90-pct. 90-pct.

Percent C.I. (±) Percent C.I. (±) Percent C.I. (±) Percent C.I. (±)

United States . ................ 14.5 0.2 14.4 0.2 14.4 0.1 - 0.2

Alabama. . . ....................... 13.2 0.7 13.2 0.7 13.3 0.8 –0.1 0.8

Alaska............................ 17.7 0.7 17.3 0.7 18.6 0.9 *–1.4 0.8

Arizona ........................... 18.4 0.8 17.3 0.8 18.6 0.9 *–1.3 0.8

Arkansas ......................... 15.0 0.7 15.2 0.8 14.4 0.9 *0.8 0.8

California ......................... 19.2 0.3 19.0 0.3 19.0 0.4 - 0.3

Colorado ......................... 15.1 0.7 14.9 0.7 14.9 0.8 - 0.8

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 0.5 10.0 0.5 9.4 0.7 0.6 0.7

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 0.7 9.2 0.7 9.6 0.8 –0.4 0.7

District of Columbia ................ 13.6 0.7 13.4 0.8 14.1 0.9 –0.7 0.8

Florida ........................... 17.8 0.5 17.6 0.5 17.9 0.5 –0.4 0.5

Georgia .......................... 15.3 0.7 15.5 0.7 14.7 0.8 *0.8 0.7

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 0.7 9.5 0.7 9.8 0.8 –0.3 0.7

Idaho. ............................ 16.5 0.7 15.7 0.8 16.8 0.9 *–1.1 0.8

Illinois ............................ 13.6 0.5 13.7 0.5 13.6 0.5 0.2 0.5

Indiana . . ......................... 10.8 0.5 11.5 0.5 10.3 0.7 *1.2 0.7

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 0.5 8.2 0.5 8.2 0.6 - 0.7

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 0.7 11.1 0.7 11.4 0.8 –0.2 0.7

Kentucky . . ....................... 13.0 0.7 13.0 0.7 13.4 0.8 –0.4 0.8

Louisiana ......................... 19.7 0.8 18.7 0.8 19.9 1.0 *–1.3 1.0

Maine ............................ 10.7 0.7 10.6 0.5 10.8 0.8 –0.2 0.7

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 0.7 11.3 0.7 10.8 0.8 0.5 0.7

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 0.5 8.5 0.5 9.0 0.5 *–0.5 0.5

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 0.3 9.8 0.5 9.7 0.5 0.1 0.5

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 0.5 8.1 0.5 7.8 0.6 0.3 0.5

Mississippi ........................ 15.2 0.7 15.0 0.8 14.6 0.9 0.4 0.8

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 0.5 9.9 0.5 8.1 0.6 *1.7 0.7

Montana.......................... 16.0 0.8 15.2 0.8 17.3 1.0 *–2.1 0.8

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 0.5 9.3 0.7 9.6 0.7 –0.3 0.7

Nevada........................... 17.2 0.7 16.5 0.7 17.7 0.9 *–1.3 0.8

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 0.5 8.9 0.5 8.7 0.7 0.2 0.7

New Jersey . . ..................... 12.5 0.5 12.6 0.5 12.1 0.5 0.5 0.5

New Mexico. . ..................... 23.2 0.8 22.4 1.0 24.4 1.1 *–2.0 1.0

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 0.3 15.9 0.3 15.9 0.4 - 0.3

North Carolina. . ................... 14.2 0.5 14.0 0.5 14.0 0.6 –0.1 0.7

North Dakota...................... 10.9 0.7 10.5 0.7 11.5 0.8 *–1.0 0.7

Ohio ............................. 10.8 0.3 11.2 0.5 10.7 0.5 *0.5 0.5

Oklahoma ........................ 17.9 0.7 18.6 0.8 17.7 0.9 *1.0 0.8

Oregon ........................... 13.1 0.7 12.7 0.7 13.3 0.8 –0.6 0.8

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 0.3 9.0 0.3 8.5 0.4 *0.5 0.3

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 0.5 7.6 0.5 6.9 0.6 *0.6 0.7

South Carolina .................... 13.3 0.7 12.2 0.7 13.8 0.9 *–1.6 0.8

South Dakota . . ................... 10.4 0.5 10.2 0.5 10.9 0.7 *–0.7 0.7

Tennessee ........................ 10.8 0.7 11.1 0.7 10.6 0.8 0.5 0.7

Texas . . .......................... 23.0 0.5 23.2 0.5 22.7 0.6 *0.5 0.5

Utah ............................. 13.6 0.7 13.7 0.7 13.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 0.7 9.1 0.5 9.8 0.8 –0.7 0.8

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 0.7 11.3 0.7 12.4 0.8 *–1.1 0.7

Washington ....................... 13.5 0.7 13.3 0.7 13.7 0.8 –0.4 0.8

West Virginia. ..................... 14.2 0.7 13.6 0.7 14.7 0.8 *–1.0 0.8

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 0.5 7.6 0.5 8.9 0.7 *–1.2 0.7

Wyoming ......................... 15.6 0.7 15.8 0.7 15.4 0.9 0.4 0.8

-Represents zero. *Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

As a result of rounding, some differences may appear to be slightly higher or lower than the difference of the reported rates.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2000, 2001, and 2002 Annual Demographic Supplements.
people without coverage fell in 14 error. All comparisons presented review of the work of interviewers

states: Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, in this report take sampling error and coders, and statistical review

Louisiana, Massachusetts, into account and meet the Census of reports.

Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Bureau’s standards for statistical The Current Population Survey North Dakota, South Carolina, significance. Nonsampling errors weighting procedure uses ratio South Dakota, Virginia, West in surveys may be attributed to a estimation whereby sample esti- Virginia, and Wisconsin. variety of sources, such as how the mates are adjusted to independent Meanwhile, the proportion of peo- survey was designed, how respon- estimates of the national popula- ple without coverage rose in nine dents interpret questions, how tion by age, race, sex, and states: Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, able and willing respondents are to Hispanic origin. This weighting Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, provide correct answers, and how partially corrects for bias due to Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and accurately answers are coded and undercoverage, but biases may still Texas (see Figure 6). classified. The Census Bureau be present when people who are employs quality control procedures Accuracy of the Estimates missed by the survey differ from throughout the production process those interviewed in ways other Statistics from surveys are subject – including the overall design of than age, race, sex, and Hispanic to sampling and nonsampling surveys, the wording of questions,

U.S. Census Bureau 11

TX

+0.5

NM

-2.0

WA

NV

-1.3

MI

IL

MO

+1.7

MT

-2.1

WY

ID

-1.1

UT

CO

HI

NE

AK

-1.4

KS

OK

+1.0

WI

-1.2

IA

LA

-1.3

ME

VT

IN

+1.2

KY

TN

AL GA

+0.8

OH

+0.5

WV

-1.0

NC

SC

-1.6

NJ

MD

CT

RI +0.6

MA -0.5

DE

SD

-0.7

VA

-1.1

AR

+0.8

CA

AZ

-1.3

NY

DC

OR

PA

+0.5

ND

-1.0

MN

MS

FL

NH

No change

Increase

Decrease

Percentage Point Change

Figure 6. 

States With Significant Changes in 2-Year Average 

Uninsured Rates: 1999-2000 to 2000-2001 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2000, 2001, and 2002 Annual Demographic Supplements. 
origin. How this weighting procedure affects other variables in the

survey is not precisely known. All

of these considerations affect

comparisons across different surveys or data sources.

For further information on statistical standards and the computation

and use of standard errors, contact

Jeffrey Stratton of the Demographic

Statistical Methods Division on the

Internet at dsmd.source.and

.accuracy@census.gov.

Technical Note

This report presents data on the

health insurance coverage of people in the United States during the

2001 calendar year. The data,

which are shown by state and

selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, were collected in the 2002 Annual

Demographic Supplement to the

Current Population Survey (CPS).

Treatment of major federal

health insurance programs

The Current Population Survey

(CPS) underreports medicare and

medicaid coverage compared with

enrollment and participation data

from the Centers for Medicare and

Medicaid Services (CMS), formerly

the Health Care Financing

Administration (HCFA).13 A major

reason for the lower CPS estimates

is that the CPS is not designed primarily to collect health insurance

data; instead, it is largely a labor

force survey. Consequently, interviewers receive less training on

health insurance concepts.

Additionally, many people may not

be aware that they or their children

are covered by a health insurance

program if they have not used covered services recently and therefore fail to report coverage. CMS

data, on the other hand, represent

the actual number of people who

enrolled or participated in these

programs and are a more accurate

source of coverage levels. 

Changes in medicaid coverage estimates from one year to the next

should be viewed with caution.

Because many people who are covered by medicaid do not report

that coverage, the Census Bureau

assigns coverage to those who are

generally regarded as “categorically eligible” (those who received

some other benefits, usually public

12 U.S. Census Bureau

13 CMS is the federal agency primarily

responsible for administering the medicare

and medicaid programs at the national level.

assistance payments, that make

them eligible for medicaid). Since

the number of people receiving

public assistance has been dropping, the relationship between

medicaid and public assistance has

changed, so that the imputation

process has introduced a downward bias in the most recent medicaid estimates.

After consulting with health insurance experts, the Census Bureau

modified the definition of the population without health insurance in

the March 1998 Current Population

Survey, which collected data about

coverage in 1997. Previously, people with no coverage other than

access to the Indian Health Service

were counted as part of the

insured population. Beginning

with the 1997 Health Insurance

Coverage report, however, the

Census Bureau counted these people as uninsured. The effect of

this change on the overall estimates of health insurance coverage

was negligible.

Contact:

Robert J. Mills

301-763-3242

hhes-info@census.gov
U.S. Census Bureau 13

Appendix A: DETAILED TABLES

Table A-1.

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type of Coverage by Race and Ethnicity:

1987 to 2000

(Numbers in thousands. People as of March of the following year)

Year

Total

people

Covered by private or government health insurance

Not

Total covered

Private health insurance Government health insurance

Total

Employmentbased Total Medicaid Medicare

Military

health1 care

ALL RACES

Numbers

2001 ........................... 282,082 240,875 199,860 176,551 71,295 31,601 38,043 9,552 41,207

20009 .......................... 279,517 239,714 201,060 177,848 69,037 29,533 37,740 9,099 39,804

20008 .......................... 276,540 237,857 200,249 177,286 66,935 28,613 37,028 8,334 38,683

19997 .......................... 274,087 234,807 197,523 174,093 66,582 28,221 36,109 8,564 39,280

1999 ........................... 274,087 231,533 194,599 172,023 66,176 27,890 36,066 8,530 42,554

1998 ........................... 271,743 227,462 190,861 168,576 66,087 27,854 35,887 8,747 44,281

19976 .......................... 269,094 225,646 188,532 165,091 66,685 28,956 35,590 8,527 43,448

1996 ........................... 266,792 225,077 187,395 163,221 69,000 31,451 35,227 8,712 41,716

1995 ........................... 264,314 223,733 185,881 161,453 69,776 31,877 34,655 9,375 40,582

19945 .......................... 262,105 222,387 184,318 159,634 70,163 31,645 33,901 11,165 39,718

19934 .......................... 259,753 220,040 182,351 148,318 68,554 31,749 33,097 9,560 39,713

19923 .......................... 256,830 218,189 181,466 148,796 66,244 29,416 33,230 9,510 38,641

1991 ........................... 251,447 216,003 181,375 150,077 63,882 26,880 32,907 9,820 35,445

1990 ........................... 248,886 214,167 182,135 150,215 60,965 24,261 32,260 9,922 34,719

1989 ........................... 246,191 212,807 183,610 151,644 57,382 21,185 31,495 9,870 33,385

1988 ........................... 243,685 211,005 182,019 150,940 56,850 20,728 30,925 10,105 32,680

19872 .......................... 241,187 210,161 182,160 149,739 56,282 20,211 30,458 10,542 31,026

Percents

2001 ........................... 100.0 85.4 70.9 62.6 25.3 11.2 13.5 3.4 14.6

20009 .......................... 100.0 85.8 71.9 63.6 24.7 10.6 13.5 3.3 14.2

20008 .......................... 100.0 86.0 72.4 64.1 24.2 10.3 13.4 3.0 14.0

19997 .......................... 100.0 85.7 72.1 63.5 24.3 10.3 13.2 3.1 14.3

1999 ........................... 100.0 84.5 71.0 62.8 24.1 10.2 13.2 3.1 15.5

1998 ........................... 100.0 83.7 70.2 62.0 24.3 10.3 13.2 3.2 16.3

19976 .......................... 100.0 83.9 70.1 61.4 24.8 10.8 13.2 3.2 16.1

1996 ........................... 100.0 84.4 70.2 61.2 25.9 11.8 13.2 3.3 15.6

1995 ........................... 100.0 84.6 70.3 61.1 26.4 12.1 13.1 3.5 15.4

19945 .......................... 100.0 84.8 70.3 60.9 26.8 12.1 12.9 4.3 15.2

19934 .......................... 100.0 84.7 70.2 57.1 26.4 12.2 12.7 3.7 15.3

19923 .......................... 100.0 85.0 70.7 57.9 25.8 11.5 12.9 3.7 15.0

1991 ........................... 100.0 85.9 72.1 59.7 25.4 10.7 13.1 3.9 14.1

1990 ........................... 100.0 86.1 73.2 60.4 24.5 9.7 13.0 4.0 13.9

1989 ........................... 100.0 86.4 74.6 61.6 23.3 8.6 12.8 4.0 13.6

1988 ........................... 100.0 86.6 74.7 61.9 23.3 8.5 12.7 4.1 13.4

19872 .......................... 100.0 87.1 75.5 62.1 23.3 8.4 12.6 4.4 12.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A-1.

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type of Coverage by Race and Ethnicity:

1987 to 2000—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. People as of March of the following year)

Covered by private or government health insurance

Private health insurance Government health insurance

Year

Military

Total Employment- health Not 1 people Total Total based Total Medicaid Medicare care covered

WHITE

Numbers

2001 ........................... 230,071 198,878 169,180 148,371 56,200 21,535 33,006 7,788 31,193

20009 .......................... 228,208 198,133 170,071 149,364 54,287 19,889 32,695 7,158 30,075

20008 .......................... 226,401 197,153 169,752 149,313 52,790 19,448 32,048 6,540 29,248

19997 .......................... 224,806 195,421 168,415 147,460 52,433 18,910 31,450 6,877 29,385

1999 ........................... 224,806 192,943 166,191 145,878 52,139 18,676 31,416 6,848 31,863

1998 ........................... 223,294 189,706 163,690 143,705 51,690 18,247 31,174 7,140 33,588

19976 .......................... 221,650 188,409 161,682 140,601 52,975 19,652 31,108 6,994 33,241

1996 ........................... 220,070 188,341 161,806 139,913 54,004 20,856 30,919 6,981 31,729

1995 ........................... 218,442 187,337 161,303 139,151 54,141 20,528 30,580 7,656 31,105

19945 .......................... 216,751 186,447 160,414 137,966 54,288 20,464 29,978 8,845 30,305

19934 .......................... 215,221 184,732 158,586 128,855 53,222 20,642 29,297 7,689 30,489

19923 .......................... 213,198 183,479 158,612 129,685 51,195 18,659 29,341 7,556 29,719

1991 ........................... 210,257 183,130 159,628 131,646 49,699 17,058 28,940 7,867 27,127

1990 ........................... 208,754 181,795 160,146 131,836 47,589 15,078 28,530 8,022 26,959

1989 ........................... 206,983 181,126 161,363 132,882 44,868 12,779 27,859 8,116 25,857

1988 ........................... 205,333 180,122 160,753 133,050 44,477 12,504 27,293 8,305 25,211

19872 .......................... 203,745 179,845 161,338 132,264 44,028 12,163 27,044 8,482 23,900

Percents

2001 ........................... 100.0 86.4 73.5 64.5 24.4 9.4 14.3 3.4 13.6

20009 .......................... 100.0 86.8 74.5 65.5 23.8 8.7 14.3 3.1 13.2

20008 .......................... 100.0 87.1 75.0 66.0 23.3 8.6 14.2 2.9 12.9

19997 .......................... 100.0 86.9 74.9 65.6 23.3 8.4 14.0 3.1 13.1

1999 ........................... 100.0 85.8 73.9 64.9 23.2 8.3 14.0 3.0 14.2

1998 ........................... 100.0 85.0 73.3 64.4 23.1 8.2 14.0 3.2 15.0

19976 .......................... 100.0 85.0 72.9 63.4 23.9 8.9 14.0 3.2 15.0

1996 ........................... 100.0 85.6 73.5 63.6 24.5 9.5 14.0 3.2 14.4

1995 ........................... 100.0 85.8 73.8 63.7 24.8 9.4 14.0 3.5 14.2

19945 .......................... 100.0 86.0 74.0 63.7 25.0 9.4 13.8 4.1 14.0

19934 .......................... 100.0 85.8 73.7 59.9 24.7 9.6 13.6 3.6 14.2

19923 .......................... 100.0 86.1 74.4 60.8 24.0 8.8 13.8 3.5 13.9

1991 ........................... 100.0 87.1 75.9 62.6 23.6 8.1 13.8 3.7 12.9

1990 ........................... 100.0 87.1 76.7 63.2 22.8 7.2 13.7 3.8 12.9

1989 ........................... 100.0 87.5 78.0 64.2 21.7 6.2 13.5 3.9 12.5

1988 ........................... 100.0 87.7 78.3 64.8 21.7 6.1 13.3 4.0 12.3

19872 .......................... 100.0 88.3 79.2 64.9 21.6 6.0 13.3 4.2 11.7

WHITE NON-HISPANIC

Numbers

2001 ........................... 194,822 175,412 152,821 133,295 47,661 15,035 30,811 7,144 19,409

20009 .......................... 193,931 175,247 153,816 134,253 46,297 13,788 30,642 6,564 18,683

20008 .......................... 194,196 175,319 154,272 134,903 45,117 13,591 29,938 6,075 18,877

19997 .......................... 193,633 174,396 153,440 133,718 45,001 13,325 29,484 6,329 19,237

1999 ........................... 193,633 172,271 151,539 132,381 44,749 13,120 29,457 6,306 21,363

1998 ........................... 193,074 170,184 149,910 130,956 44,699 12,985 29,222 6,675 22,890

19976 .......................... 192,178 169,043 148,426 128,280 45,691 14,046 29,213 6,504 23,135

1996 ........................... 191,791 169,699 149,262 128,355 46,772 15,082 29,211 6,537 22,092

1995 ........................... 191,271 169,272 149,686 128,378 46,501 14,381 28,918 7,163 21,999

19945 .......................... 192,771 170,541 150,181 128,633 47,475 15,052 28,467 8,318 22,230

19934 .......................... 191,087 168,306 147,729 119,861 46,158 14,980 27,795 7,243 22,781

19923 .......................... 189,113 167,394 147,967 120,482 44,649 13,390 27,853 7,104 21,719

1991 ........................... 189,216 168,810 149,798 123,109 44,228 12,750 27,695 7,402 20,406

1990 ........................... 188,240 168,015 150,306 123,261 42,732 11,423 27,313 7,528 20,224

1989 ........................... 187,078 167,889 151,424 124,311 40,624 9,759 26,738 7,567 19,188

1988 ........................... 186,047 167,048 151,009 124,622 40,259 9,522 26,224 7,743 19,000

19872 .......................... 185,044 166,922 151,817 124,068 39,792 9,143 26,054 7,883 18,122

See footnotes at end of table.

14 U.S. Census Bureau
Table A-1.

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type of Coverage by Race and Ethnicity:

1987 to 2000—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. People as of March of the following year)

Covered by private or government health insurance

Private health insurance Government health insurance

Year

Military

Total Employment- health Not 1 people Total Total based Total Medicaid Medicare care covered

WHITE NON-HISPANIC—Con.

Percents

2001 ........................... 100.0 90.0 78.4 68.4 24.5 7.7 15.8 3.7 10.0

20009 .......................... 100.0 90.4 79.3 69.2 23.9 7.1 15.8 3.4 9.6

20008 .......................... 100.0 90.3 79.4 69.5 23.2 7.0 15.4 3.1 9.7

19997 .......................... 100.0 90.1 79.2 69.1 23.2 6.9 15.2 3.3 9.9

1999 ........................... 100.0 89.0 78.3 68.4 23.1 6.8 15.2 3.3 11.0

1998 ........................... 100.0 88.1 77.6 67.8 23.2 6.7 15.1 3.5 11.9

19976 .......................... 100.0 88.0 77.2 66.8 23.8 7.3 15.2 3.4 12.0

1996 ........................... 100.0 88.5 77.8 66.9 24.4 7.9 15.2 3.4 11.5

1995 ........................... 100.0 88.5 78.3 67.1 24.3 7.5 15.1 3.7 11.5

19945 .......................... 100.0 88.5 77.9 66.7 24.6 7.8 14.8 4.3 11.5

19934 .......................... 100.0 88.1 77.3 62.7 24.2 7.8 14.5 3.8 11.9

19923 .......................... 100.0 88.5 78.2 63.7 23.6 7.1 14.7 3.8 11.5

1991 ........................... 100.0 89.2 79.2 65.1 23.4 6.7 14.6 3.9 10.8

1990 ........................... 100.0 89.3 79.8 65.5 22.7 6.1 14.5 4.0 10.7

1989 ........................... 100.0 89.7 80.9 66.4 21.7 5.2 14.3 4.0 10.3

1988 ........................... 100.0 89.8 81.2 67.0 21.6 5.1 14.1 4.2 10.2

19872 .......................... 100.0 90.2 82.0 67.0 21.5 4.9 14.1 4.3 9.8

BLACK

Numbers

2001 ........................... 36,023 29,190 20,363 18,975 11,616 7,994 3,783 1,192 6,833

20009 .......................... 35,597 28,915 20,485 18,922 11,579 7,735 3,871 1,372 6,683

20008 .......................... 35,919 29,295 21,182 19,562 11,116 7,250 3,808 1,380 6,623

19997 .......................... 35,509 28,546 20,304 18,730 11,251 7,570 3,594 1,203 6,963

1999 ........................... 35,509 27,973 19,805 18,363 11,165 7,495 3,588 1,198 7,536

1998 ........................... 35,070 27,274 18,663 17,132 11,524 7,903 3,703 1,111 7,797

19976 .......................... 34,598 27,166 18,544 17,077 11,157 7,750 3,573 1,100 7,432

1996 ........................... 34,218 26,799 17,718 16,358 12,074 8,572 3,393 1,357 7,419

1995 ........................... 33,889 26,781 17,106 15,683 12,465 9,184 3,316 1,171 7,108

19945 .......................... 33,531 26,928 17,147 15,607 12,693 9,007 3,167 1,683 6,603

19934 .......................... 33,040 26,279 16,590 13,693 12,588 9,283 3,072 1,331 6,761

19923 .......................... 32,535 25,967 15,994 13,545 12,464 9,122 3,154 1,459 6,567

1991 ........................... 31,439 24,932 15,466 13,297 11,776 8,352 3,248 1,482 6,507

1990 ........................... 30,895 24,802 15,957 13,560 11,150 7,809 3,106 1,402 6,093

1989 ........................... 30,392 24,550 16,520 14,187 10,443 7,123 3,043 1,340 5,843

1988 ........................... 29,904 24,029 15,818 13,418 10,415 7,049 3,064 1,385 5,875

19872 .......................... 29,417 23,555 15,358 13,055 10,380 7,046 2,918 1,497 5,862

Percents

2001 ........................... 100.0 81.0 56.5 52.7 32.2 22.2 10.5 3.3 19.0

20009 .......................... 100.0 81.2 57.5 53.2 32.5 21.7 10.9 3.9 18.8

20008 .......................... 100.0 81.6 59.0 54.5 30.9 20.2 10.6 3.8 18.4

19997 .......................... 100.0 80.4 57.2 52.7 31.7 21.3 10.1 3.4 19.6

1999 ........................... 100.0 78.8 55.8 51.7 31.4 21.1 10.1 3.4 21.2

1998 ........................... 100.0 77.8 53.2 48.9 32.9 22.5 10.6 3.2 22.2

19976 .......................... 100.0 78.5 53.6 49.4 32.2 22.4 10.3 3.2 21.5

1996 ........................... 100.0 78.3 51.8 47.8 35.3 25.1 9.9 4.0 21.7

1995 ........................... 100.0 79.0 50.5 46.3 36.8 27.1 9.8 3.5 21.0

19945 .......................... 100.0 80.3 51.1 46.5 37.9 26.9 9.4 5.0 19.7

19934 .......................... 100.0 79.5 50.2 41.4 38.1 28.1 9.3 4.0 20.5

19923 .......................... 100.0 79.8 49.2 41.6 38.3 28.0 9.7 4.5 20.2

1991 ........................... 100.0 79.3 49.2 42.3 37.5 26.6 10.3 4.7 20.7

1990 ........................... 100.0 80.3 51.6 43.9 36.1 25.3 10.1 4.5 19.7

1989 ........................... 100.0 80.8 54.4 46.7 34.4 23.4 10.0 4.4 19.2

1988 ........................... 100.0 80.4 52.9 44.9 34.8 23.6 10.2 4.6 19.6

19872 .......................... 100.0 80.1 52.2 44.4 35.3 24.0 9.9 5.1 19.9

See footnotes at end of table.

U.S. Census Bureau 15
Table A-1.

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type of Coverage by Race and Ethnicity:

1987 to 2000—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. People as of March of the following year)

Year

Total

people

Covered by private or government health insurance

Not

Total covered

Private health insurance Government health insurance

Total

Employmentbased Total Medicaid Medicare

Military

health1 care

ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER

Numbers

2001 ........................... 12,500 10,222 8,643 7,684 2,312 1,257 949 414 2,278

20009 .......................... 12,693 10,405 8,916 8,104 2,249 1,288 886 443 2,287

20008 .......................... 11,332 9,295 7,909 7,114 2,093 1,301 856 290 2,037

19997 .......................... 10,925 8,845 7,467 6,692 2,038 1,097 829 412 2,080

1999 ........................... 10,925 8,653 7,285 6,588 2,023 1,087 825 412 2,272

1998 ........................... 10,897 8,596 7,202 6,511 2,113 1,201 819 351 2,301

19976 .......................... 10,492 8,320 7,100 6,290 1,877 1,093 700 334 2,173

1996 ........................... 10,071 7,946 6,718 5,888 1,768 1,071 667 275 2,125

1995 ........................... 9,653 7,671 6,347 5,576 2,075 1,272 586 424 1,982

19945 .......................... 6,656 5,312 4,267 3,774 1,551 883 501 426 1,344

19934 .......................... 7,444 5,927 5,026 3,970 1,408 802 474 345 1,517

19923 .......................... 7,782 6,230 5,202 4,207 1,460 823 507 314 1,552

1991 ........................... 7,193 5,886 4,917 3,995 1,451 727 560 347 1,307

1990 ........................... 7,023 5,832 4,887 3,883 1,410 771 463 364 1,191

1989 ........................... 6,679 5,532 4,615 3,661 1,414 792 444 322 1,147

1988 ........................... 6,447 5,329 4,392 3,599 1,353 763 401 322 1,118

19872 ..........................

Percents

6,326 5,440 4,468 3,691 1,394 702 357 475 886

2001 ........................... 100.0 81.8 69.1 61.5 18.5 10.1 7.6 3.3 18.2

20009 .......................... 100.0 82.0 70.2 63.8 17.7 10.1 7.0 3.5 18.0

20008 .......................... 100.0 82.0 69.8 62.8 18.5 11.5 7.6 2.6 18.0

19997 .......................... 100.0 81.0 68.3 61.3 18.7 10.0 7.6 3.8 19.0

1999 ........................... 100.0 79.2 66.7 60.3 18.5 9.9 7.5 3.8 20.8

1998 ........................... 100.0 78.9 66.1 59.8 19.4 11.0 7.5 3.2 21.1

19976 .......................... 100.0 79.3 67.7 60.0 17.9 10.4 6.7 3.2 20.7

1996 ........................... 100.0 78.9 66.7 58.5 17.6 10.6 6.6 2.7 21.1

1995 ........................... 100.0 79.5 65.8 57.8 21.5 13.2 6.1 4.4 20.5

19945 .......................... 100.0 79.8 64.1 56.7 23.3 13.3 7.5 6.4 20.2

19934 .......................... 100.0 79.6 67.5 53.3 18.9 10.8 6.4 4.6 20.4

19923 .......................... 100.0 80.1 66.8 54.1 18.8 10.6 6.5 4.0 19.9

1991 ........................... 100.0 81.8 68.4 55.5 20.2 10.1 7.8 4.8 18.2

1990 ........................... 100.0 83.0 69.6 55.3 20.1 11.0 6.6 5.2 17.0

1989 ........................... 100.0 82.8 69.1 54.8 21.2 11.9 6.6 4.8 17.2

1988 ........................... 100.0 82.7 68.1 55.8 21.0 11.8 6.2 5.0 17.3

19872 ..........................

HISPANIC

Numbers

100.0 86.0 70.6 58.3 22.0 11.1 5.6 7.5 14.0

2001 ........................... 37,438 25,021 17,322 15,965 9,227 7,074 2,295 704 12,417

20009 .......................... 36,093 24,210 17,114 15,893 8,566 6,552 2,141 682 11,883

20008 .......................... 33,862 23,035 16,257 15,128 8,215 6,273 2,192 543 10,827

19997 .......................... 32,804 22,238 15,775 14,481 7,919 5,978 2,054 594 10,566

1999 ........................... 32,804 21,853 15,424 14,214 7,875 5,946 2,047 589 10,951

1998 ........................... 31,689 20,493 14,377 13,310 7,401 5,585 2,026 503 11,196

19976 .......................... 30,773 20,239 13,751 12,790 7,718 5,970 1,974 526 10,534

1996 ........................... 29,703 19,730 13,151 12,140 7,784 6,255 1,806 474 9,974

1995 ........................... 28,438 18,964 12,187 11,309 8,027 6,478 1,732 516 9,474

19945 .......................... 27,521 18,244 11,743 10,729 7,829 6,226 1,677 630 9,277

19934 .......................... 26,646 18,235 12,021 9,981 7,873 6,328 1,613 530 8,411

19923 .......................... 25,682 17,242 11,330 9,786 7,099 5,703 1,578 523 8,441

1991 ........................... 22,096 15,128 10,336 8,972 5,845 4,597 1,309 522 6,968

1990 ........................... 21,437 14,479 10,281 8,948 5,169 3,912 1,269 519 6,958

1989 ........................... 20,779 13,846 10,348 8,914 4,526 3,221 1,180 595 6,932

1988 ........................... 20,076 13,684 10,188 8,831 4,414 3,125 1,114 594 6,391

19872 ..........................

See footnotes at end of table.

19,428 13,456 9,845 8,490 4,482 3,214 1,029 631 5,972

16 U.S. Census Bureau
Table A-1.

Health Insurance Coverage Status and Type of Coverage by Race and Ethnicity:

1987 to 2000—Con.

(Numbers in thousands. People as of March of the following year)

Year

Total

people

Covered by private or government health insurance

Not

Total covered

Private health insurance Government health insurance

Total

Employmentbased Total Medicaid Medicare

Military

health1 care

HISPANIC—Con.

Percents

2001 ........................... 100.0 66.8 46.3 42.6 24.6 18.9 6.1 1.9 33.2

20009 .......................... 100.0 67.1 47.4 44.0 23.7 18.2 5.9 1.9 32.9

20008 .......................... 100.0 68.0 48.0 44.7 24.3 18.5 6.5 1.6 32.0

19997 .......................... 100.0 67.8 48.1 44.1 24.1 18.2 6.3 1.8 32.2

1999 ........................... 100.0 66.6 47.0 43.3 24.0 18.1 6.2 1.8 33.4

1998 ........................... 100.0 64.7 45.4 42.0 23.4 17.6 6.4 1.6 35.3

19976 .......................... 100.0 65.8 44.7 41.6 25.1 19.4 6.4 1.7 34.2

1996 ........................... 100.0 66.4 44.3 40.9 26.2 21.1 6.1 1.6 33.6

1995 ........................... 100.0 66.7 42.9 39.8 28.2 22.8 6.1 1.8 33.3

19945 .......................... 100.0 66.3 42.7 39.0 28.4 22.6 6.1 2.3 33.7

19934 .......................... 100.0 68.4 45.1 37.5 29.5 23.7 6.1 2.0 31.6

19923 .......................... 100.0 67.1 44.1 38.1 27.6 22.2 6.1 2.0 32.9

1991 ........................... 100.0 68.5 46.8 40.6 26.5 20.8 5.9 2.4 31.5

1990 ........................... 100.0 67.5 48.0 41.7 24.1 18.2 5.9 2.4 32.5

1989 ........................... 100.0 66.6 49.8 42.9 21.8 15.5 5.7 2.9 33.4

1988 ........................... 100.0 68.2 50.7 44.0 22.0 15.6 5.5 3.0 31.8

19872 .......................... 100.0 69.3 50.7 43.7 23.1 16.5 5.3 3.2 30.7

1

Includes CHAMPUS (Comprehensive Health and Medical Plan for Uniformed Services)/Tricare, Veterans, and military health care.

2

Implementation of a new March CPS processing system.

3

Implementation of 1990 census population controls.

4

Data collection method changed from paper and pencil to computer-assisted interviewing.

5

Health insurance questions were redesigned. Increases in estimates of employment-based and military health care coverage may be

partially due to questionnaire changes. Overall coverage estimates were not affected. 6 Beginning with the March 1998 CPS, people with no coverage other than access to Indian Health Service are no longer considered

covered by health insurance; instead, they are considered to be uninsured. The effect of this change on the overall estimates of health

insurance coverage is negligible; however, the decrease in the number of people covered by medicaid may be partially due to this change. 7

Estimates reflect the results of follow-up verification questions.

8 Based on a November 2001 weighting correction. 9

Implementation of Census 2000 based population controls. Sample expanded by 28,000 households.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988-2002 Annual Demographic Supplements.

U.S. Census Bureau 17
18 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A-2.

Health Insurance Coverage Status for the Entire Year and Type of Coverage by Selected

Characteristics: 2001

(Numbers in thousands)

Covered by private or government health insurance

Private health Government health insurance insurance Characteristic

Employ- Military

Total ment health Not 1 people Total Total based Total Medicaid Medicare care covered

NUMBERS

People

Total ........................... 282,082 240,875 199,860 176,551 71,295 31,601 38,043 9,552 41,207

Sex

Male ............................... 137,871 116,149 98,150 87,960 31,764 13,769 16,360 5,118 21,722

Female............................. 144,211 124,726 101,709 88,591 39,531 17,832 21,683 4,434 19,485

Race and Ethnicity

White . . . ........................... 230,071 198,878 169,180 148,371 56,200 21,535 33,006 7,788 31,193

Non-Hispanic ..................... 194,822 175,412 152,821 133,295 47,661 15,035 30,811 7,144 19,409

Black . . ............................ 36,023 29,190 20,363 18,975 11,616 7,994 3,783 1,192 6,833

Asian and Pacific Islander ............ 12,500 10,222 8,643 7,684 2,312 1,257 949 414 2,278

Hispanic2........................... 37,438 25,021 17,322 15,965 9,227 7,074 2,295 704 12,417

Age

Under 18 years ..................... 72,628 64,118 49,647 46,439 18,822 16,502 423 2,381 8,509

18 to 24 years ...................... 27,312 19,640 17,012 13,766 3,642 2,831 180 742 7,673

25 to 34 years ...................... 38,670 29,619 26,905 25,306 3,653 2,587 489 817 9,051

35 to 44 years ...................... 44,284 37,153 34,315 32,386 4,003 2,532 860 1,066 7,131

45 to 64 years ...................... 65,419 56,848 51,230 47,008 8,558 3,878 3,633 2,390 8,571

65 years and over . . . ................ 33,769 33,498 20,751 11,645 32,618 3,270 32,458 2,156 272

Nativity

Native.............................. 249,629 219,265 182,556 161,168 65,204 28,522 34,577 9,032 30,364

Foreign born........................ 32,453 21,610 17,303 15,383 6,091 3,079 3,466 520 10,843

Naturalized citizen................. 11,962 9,902 7,844 6,892 3,270 1,086 2,480 337 2,060

Not a citizen . . .................... 20,491 11,708 9,459 8,491 2,821 1,994 986 183 8,782

Region

Northeast........................... 53,300 46,902 39,086 35,137 13,851 6,383 7,901 997 6,399

Midwest ............................ 63,779 56,940 49,634 43,666 14,811 5,759 8,958 1,351 6,840

South .............................. 100,652 83,940 67,976 60,037 26,899 11,559 13,930 4,766 16,712

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,351 53,094 43,163 37,711 15,733 7,900 7,253 2,438 11,257

PERCENTS

People

Total ........................... 100.0 85.4 70.9 62.6 25.3 11.2 13.5 3.4 14.6

Sex

Male 100.0 84.2 71.2 63.8 23.0 10.0 11.9 3.7 15.8

Female............................. 100.0 86.5 70.5 61.4 27.4 12.4 15.0 3.1 13.5

Race and Ethnicity

White . . . ........................... 100.0 86.4 73.5 64.5 24.4 9.4 14.3 3.4 13.6

Non-Hispanic ..................... 100.0 90.0 78.4 68.4 24.5 7.7 15.8 3.7 10.0

Black . . ............................ 100.0 81.0 56.5 52.7 32.2 22.2 10.5 3.3 19.0

Asian and Pacific Islander ............ 100.0 81.8 69.1 61.5 18.5 10.1 7.6 3.3 18.2

Hispanic2........................... 100.0 66.8 46.3 42.6 24.6 18.9 6.1 1.9 33.2

Age

Under 18 years ..................... 100.0 88.3 68.4 63.9 25.9 22.7 0.6 3.3 11.7

18 to 24 years ...................... 100.0 71.9 62.3 50.4 13.3 10.4 0.7 2.7 28.1

25 to 34 years ...................... 100.0 76.6 69.6 65.4 9.4 6.7 1.3 2.1 23.4

35 to 44 years ...................... 100.0 83.9 77.5 73.1 9.0 5.7 1.9 2.4 16.1

45 to 64 years ...................... 100.0 86.9 78.3 71.9 13.1 5.9 5.6 3.7 13.1

65 years and over . . . ................ 100.0 99.2 61.5 34.5 96.6 9.7 96.1 6.4 0.8

Nativity

Native. . ............................ 100.0 87.8 73.1 64.6 26.1 11.4 13.9 3.6 12.2

Foreign born........................ 100.0 66.6 53.3 47.4 18.8 9.5 10.7 1.6 33.4

Naturalized citizen................. 100.0 82.8 65.6 57.6 27.3 9.1 20.7 2.8 17.2

Not a citizen . . .................... 100.0 57.1 46.2 41.4 13.8 9.7 4.8 0.9 42.9

Region

Northeast........................... 100.0 88.0 73.3 65.9 26.0 12.0 14.8 1.9 12.0

Midwest ............................ 100.0 89.3 77.8 68.5 23.2 9.0 14.0 2.1 10.7

South . . ............................ 100.0 83.4 67.5 59.6 26.7 11.5 13.8 4.7 16.6

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 82.5 67.1 58.6 24.4 12.3 11.3 3.8 17.5

See footnotes at end of table.
U.S. Census Bureau 19

Table A-2.

Health Insurance Coverage Status for the Entire Year and Type of Coverage by Selected

Characteristics: 2001—Con.

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Total

people

Covered by private or government health insurance

Not

Total covered

Private health

insurance Government health insurance

Total

Employment

based Total Medicaid Medicare

Military

health1 care

NUMBERS

Household Income

Less than $25,000 .............. 62,209 47,735 24,280 15,964 33,484 18,081 17,876 1,927 14,474

$25,000 to $49,999 ............. 76,226 62,711 51,729 44,966 21,131 8,621 11,492 2,962 13,516

$50,000 to $74,999 ............. 58,114 51,520 47,855 44,206 8,421 2,819 4,246 2,129 6,595

$75,000 or more ................

Education

(18 years and older)

85,532 78,909 75,955 71,385 8,259 2,080 4,429 2,534 6,623

Total .......................... 209,454 176,757 150,213 130,112 52,473 15,099 37,620 7,171 32,698

No high school diploma.......... 35,423 25,647 15,592 12,118 15,350 6,035 11,418 799 9,776

High school graduate only ....... 66,682 55,064 45,779 39,195 18,595 5,144 13,400 2,323 11,618

Some college, no degree ........ 40,282 34,467 30,800 26,465 8,102 2,183 5,183 1,837 5,815

Associate degree .............. 16,183 14,429 13,181 11,903 2,817 696 1,791 650 1,754

Bachelor’s degree or higher......

Work Experience

(18 to 64 years old)

50,884 47,150 44,861 40,431 7,610 1,040 5,827 1,562 3,734

Total .......................... 175,685 143,259 129,462 118,467 19,855 11,829 5,162 5,015 32,426

Worked during year ............. 142,474 118,245 112,923 104,739 9,146 5,065 758 3,654 24,230

Worked full-time .............. 118,776 99,762 96,385 90,920 6,425 3,211 359 3,012 19,014

Worked part-time ............. 23,698 18,483 16,538 13,819 2,721 1,854 400 642 5,216

Did not work ...................

PERCENTS

Household Income

33,211 25,014 16,538 13,728 10,709 6,763 4,403 1,361 8,197

Less than $25,000 .............. 100.0 76.7 39.0 25.7 53.8 29.1 28.7 3.1 23.3

$25,000 to $49,999 ............. 100.0 82.3 67.9 59.0 27.7 11.3 15.1 3.9 17.7

$50,000 to $74,999 ............. 100.0 88.7 82.3 76.1 14.5 4.9 7.3 3.7 11.3

$75,000 or more ................

Education

(18 years and older)

100.0 92.3 88.9 83.5 9.7 2.4 5.2 3.0 7.7

Total .......................... 100.0 84.4 71.7 62.1 25.1 7.2 18.0 3.4 15.6

No high school diploma.......... 100.0 72.4 44.0 34.2 43.3 17.0 32.2 2.3 27.6

High school graduate only ....... 100.0 82.6 68.7 58.8 27.9 7.7 20.1 3.5 17.4

Some college, no degree ........ 100.0 85.6 76.5 65.7 20.1 5.4 12.9 4.6 14.4

Associate degree .............. 100.0 89.2 81.4 73.6 17.4 4.3 11.1 4.0 10.8

Bachelor’s degree or higher......

Work Experience

(18 to 64 years old)

100.0 92.7 88.2 79.5 15.0 2.0 11.5 3.1 7.3

Total .......................... 100.0 81.5 73.7 67.4 11.3 6.7 2.9 2.9 18.5

Worked during year ............. 100.0 83.0 79.3 73.5 6.4 3.6 0.5 2.6 17.0

Worked full-time .............. 100.0 84.0 81.1 76.5 5.4 2.7 0.3 2.5 16.0

Worked part-time ............. 100.0 78.0 69.8 58.3 11.5 7.8 1.7 2.7 22.0

Did not work ................... 100.0 75.3 49.8 41.3 32.2 20.4 13.3 4.1 24.7

1

Includes CHAMPUS (Comprehensive Health and Medical Plan for Uniformed Services)/Tricare, Veterans’, and military health care.

2

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2002 Annual Demographic Supplement.
20 U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix B. 

SAMPLE EXPANSION AND INTRODUCTION OF CENSUS 2000-BASED 

POPULATION CONTROLS

The 2001 Current Population original and expanded sample and projecting them forward to curSurvey (CPS) served as a tool for uninsured rates by age or by major rent years using data on births,

testing a sample expansion of the race and ethnic groups, except for deaths, and net migration.

Annual Demographic Supplement Blacks, whose expanded sample Beginning with the 2002 CPS

and as a bridge to introduce new rate (18.9 percent) is significantly Annual Demographic Supplement,

Census 2000-based population higher than the original sample the independent estimates used as

controls. The following section rate (18.4 percent). control totals for the CPS are based

discusses the effects these on civilian noninstitutional popula- For most states and the District of methodological changes had on tion benchmarks established by Columbia, the uninsured rates for health insurance coverage rates. Census 2000. the expanded sample are not statistically different from the original Table B-3 shows two sets of data Sample Expansion

sample (see Table B-2). Although for 2000 to show the effect of

In 2001, the Census Bureau tested health insurance coverage esti- introducing new population con- an expansion in the sample for the mates were significantly different trols — one using new Census CPS Annual Demographic in 21 states, the differences were 2000–based population controls Supplement. The original sample moderate (no state had a change and the other using controls based size of approximately 50,000 inter- greater than 2 percentage points). on the 1990 census. Following is viewed households increased to The uninsured rate increased in 7 a brief discussion of the effects of

approximately 78,000 households. states and decreased in 14 states, the new population controls on The primary goal of the sample with differences extending from a health insurance uninsured rates. 

expansion was to produce more 1.8 percentage point increase for reliable state estimates of the num- The effect of new population con- Connecticut to a 2.0 percentage ber of low-income children without trols on major national uninsured point decrease for Vermont. health insurance to use in the estimates in 2000 was minimal.

funding formula for the State Further information on the effects Nationally, the difference between

Children’s Health Insurance of the CPS ADS sample expansion the Census 2000-based and the

Program (SCHIP), through reduced on health insurance estimates is Census 1990-based samples in the

variances. Although the SCHIP available at estimated percentage of people

sample expansion was specifically www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads without health insurance is not statargeted toward producing better /adsmain.htm. tistically significant. Use of the new

children’s health insurance esti- Census 2000-based controls raised

mates at the state level, other state Introduction of Census 2000- the uninsured rate for males by 0.3

Based Population Controls estimates, as well as national esti- percent, but the rate for females did

mates, improved. The procedure used in developing not change. While the new controls

estimates for the entire civilian non- left the uninsured rate for most of

The effect of the sample expansion institutionalized population from the major race and ethnic groups on major national and state unin- the Current Population Survey (CPS) unchanged, the uninsured rate for sured estimates in 2000 was mini- involves the weighting of sample Whites rose by 0.2 percent and the mal. Nationally, the difference results to independent estimates of uninsured rate for Hispanics between the original and expanded the population by sex, age, race, increased by 0.8 percent. Similarly, samples in the estimated percent- and Hispanic/non-Hispanic cate- while the uninsured rate for most

age of people without health insur- gories. These independent esti- age groups did not change, the per- ance is not statistically significant mates are developed by using civil- centage of uninsured people 18 to (see Table B-1). There are also no ian noninstitutional population 24 or 25 to 34 years old each significant differences between counts from the decennial censuses increased by 0.7 percent.
U.S. Census Bureau 21

Table B-1.

People Without Health Insurance for the Entire Year by Selected Characteristics: 2000

(Numbers in thousands. For an explanation of confidence intervals (C.I.), see ‘‘Standard errors and their use’’ on the Census Bureau’s CPS

Web site at www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads/2002/ssrcacc.htm)

Characteristic

Expanded sample Original sample Difference1

Total

Uninsured

Total

Uninsured Uninsured

Number

Percent1

Percent

90-pct

C.I. (±) Number

Percent1

Percent

90-pct

C.I. (±) Number

Percent

Percent

90-pct

C.I. (±)

People

Total ..................

Sex

276,567 38,871 14.1 0.1 276,540 38,683 14.0 0.2 188 0.1 0.1

Male ...................... 135,255 20,162 14.9 0.2 135,245 20,149 14.9 0.2 13 - 0.1

Female....................

Race and Ethnicity

141,312 18,709 13.2 0.2 141,295 18,535 13.1 0.2 174 0.1 0.1

White . . . .................. 226,360 29,340 13.0 0.1 226,401 29,248 12.9 0.2 92 - 0.1

Non-Hispanic ............ 194,120 18,906 9.7 0.1 194,196 18,877 9.7 0.2 29 - 0.1

Black . . ................... 35,924 6,805 18.9 0.4 35,919 6,623 18.4 0.6 *182 *0.5 0.4

Asian and Pacific Islander . . . 11,535 2,046 17.7 0.7 11,332 2,037 18.0 1.0 9 –0.2 0.7

Hispanic2..................

Age

33,875 10,862 32.1 0.4 33,862 10,827 32.0 0.6 35 0.1 0.3

Under 18 years ............ 72,540 8,520 11.7 0.2 72,553 8,405 11.6 0.3 115 0.2 0.2

18 to 24 years ............. 26,980 7,249 26.9 0.5 26,965 7,350 27.3 0.7 –101 –0.4 0.4

25 to 34 years ............. 37,479 7,962 21.2 0.4 37,440 7,926 21.2 0.5 36 0.1 0.3

35 to 44 years ............. 44,752 6,930 15.5 0.3 44,780 6,938 15.5 0.4 –8 - 0.3

45 to 64 years ............. 62,079 7,950 12.8 0.2 61,824 7,819 12.7 0.3 *131 0.2 0.2

65 years and over . . . .......

Nativity

32,736 260 0.8 0.1 32,978 245 0.7 0.1 15 0.1 0.1

Native. . ................... 246,646 29,404 11.9 0.1 246,629 29,219 11.9 0.2 185 0.1 0.1

Foreign born............... 29,921 9,467 31.6 0.5 29,912 9,464 31.6 0.8 3 - 0.5

Naturalized citizen........ 11,240 1,823 16.2 0.7 11,378 1,805 15.9 1.0 18 0.4 0.6

Not a citizen . . ...........

Region

18,681 7,644 40.9 0.7 18,534 7,659 41.3 1.0 –15 –0.4 0.6

Northeast.................. 51,880 6,151 11.9 0.2 52,331 5,967 11.4 0.3 *184 *0.5 0.2

Midwest ................... 63,160 6,615 10.5 0.2 63,739 6,864 10.8 0.3 *-249 *-0.3 0.2

South ..................... 98,384 15,656 15.9 0.2 96,919 15,267 15.8 0.3 *389 0.2 0.2

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Household Income

63,143 10,450 16.6 0.3 63,552 10,586 16.7 0.4 –136 –0.1 0.2

Less than $25,000.......... 60,720 13,803 22.7 0.3 61,067 13,889 22.7 0.4 –86 - 0.3

$25,000 to $49,999. . ....... 76,090 13,074 17.2 0.2 75,378 12,758 16.9 0.3 *316 *0.3 0.2

$50,000 to $74,999. . ....... 58,593 6,330 10.8 0.2 59,311 6,502 11.0 0.3 *-172 –0.2 0.2

$75,000 or more ...........

Education

(18 years and older)

81,164 5,665 7.0 0.2 80,784 5,534 6.9 0.2 *131 0.1 0.1

Total ...................... 204,027 30,352 14.9 0.1 203,988 30,278 14.8 0.1 74 - 0.1

No high school diploma ..... 34,086 8,976 26.3 0.4 33,948 9,025 26.6 0.6 –49 –0.3 0.4

High school graduate only. . . 65,330 10,934 16.7 0.3 65,839 10,816 16.4 0.4 118 *0.3 0.2

Some college, no degree.... 40,066 5,323 13.3 0.3 40,070 5,369 13.4 0.4 –46 –0.1 0.3

Associate degree .......... 15,866 1,690 10.7 0.4 15,703 1,620 10.3 0.6 *70 0.3 0.4

Bachelor’s degree or higher .

Work Experience

(18 to 64 years old)

48,680 3,429 7.0 0.2 48,427 3,449 7.1 0.3 –20 –0.1 0.2

Total ...................... 171,291 30,091 17.6 0.2 171,009 30,033 17.6 0.1 58 - 0.1

Worked during year. . ....... 140,632 22,878 16.3 0.2 140,408 22,806 16.2 0.2 72 - 0.1

Worked full-time. . . ...... 117,339 18,129 15.5 0.2 117,483 18,056 15.4 0.3 73 0.1 0.2

Worked part-time........ 23,293 4,749 20.4 0.6 22,925 4,750 20.7 0.7 –1 –0.3 0.4

Did not work ............... 30,658 7,213 23.5 0.5 30,601 7,227 23.6 0.6 –14 0.1 0.4

- Represents zero or rounds to zero.

*Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

As a result of rounding, some differences may appear to be slightly higher or lower than the difference of the reported rates.

2

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey 2001 Annual Demographic Supplement, 1990-based controls.
22 U.S. Census Bureau

Table B-2.

People Without Health Insurance for the Entire Year by State: 2000

(Numbers in thousands. For an explanation of confidence intervals (C.I.), see ‘‘Standard errors and their use’’ on the Census Bureau’s CPS

Web site at www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads/2002/ssrcacc.htm)

Expanded sample Original sample Difference1

Uninsured Uninsured Uninsured

Characteristic

Percent Percent Percent

Per- 90-pct Per- 90-pct Per- 90-pct

Total Number cent1 C.I. (±) Total Number cent1 C.I. (±) Number cent C.I. (±)

United States ........... 276,567 38,871 14.1 0.1 276,540 38,683 14.0 0.2 188 0.1 0.2

Alabama .................. 4,396 591 13.4 0.8 4,450 600 13.5 1.3 –9 –0.1 0.8

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 116 18.5 1.0 647 125 19.3 1.5 *-9 –0.8 1.0

Arizona ................... 4,999 812 16.2 1.0 4,917 793 16.1 1.3 19 0.1 0.5

Arkansas .................. 2,597 374 14.4 1.0 2,625 364 13.9 1.3 10 0.5 0.7

California. . . ............... 34,329 6,189 18.0 0.5 34,735 6,281 18.1 0.7 –92 –0.1 0.3

Colorado .................. 4,213 583 13.8 0.8 4,228 563 13.3 1.3 20 0.5 0.8

Connecticut................ 3,284 319 9.7 0.7 3,319 263 7.9 1.2 *56 *1.8 0.8

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 72 9.4 0.8 787 82 10.4 1.3 *-10 *-1.0 0.8

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . 513 72 14.1 1.0 506 73 14.4 1.5 –1 –0.3 1.0

Florida .................... 15,493 2,703 17.4 0.7 15,157 2,620 17.3 0.8 *83 0.1 0.3

Georgia ................... 8,007 1,147 14.3 0.8 7,773 1,135 14.6 1.2 12 –0.3 0.7

Hawaii .................... 1,182 112 9.5 0.8 1,156 117 10.1 1.3 –5 –0.6 1.0

Idaho ..................... 1,289 198 15.4 1.0 1,257 196 15.6 1.3 2 –0.2 0.7

Illinois..................... 12,159 1,651 13.6 0.5 12,286 1,659 13.5 0.8 –8 0.1 0.3

Indiana.................... 5,944 673 11.3 0.7 5,818 701 12.1 1.2 –28 –0.8 1.0

Iowa . ..................... 2,824 251 8.9 0.7 2,863 248 8.7 1.2 3 0.2 0.8

Kansas.................... 2,648 286 10.8 0.7 2,607 301 11.5 1.3 –15 –0.7 0.8

Kentucky .................. 4,011 548 13.7 0.8 3,975 513 12.9 1.3 *35 0.8 0.8

Louisiana. . ................ 4,380 797 18.2 1.0 4,233 810 19.1 1.5 –13 *-0.9 0.8

Maine. . . .................. 1,257 138 10.9 0.7 1,266 145 11.5 1.3 –7 –0.6 1.0

Maryland . . . ............... 5,258 534 10.2 0.7 5,119 501 9.8 1.2 33 0.4 0.8

Massachusetts ............. 6,176 535 8.7 0.7 6,256 595 9.5 0.8 *-60 *-0.8 0.5

Michigan .................. 9,876 901 9.1 0.5 9,946 982 9.9 0.7 *-81 *-0.8 0.3

Minnesota ................. 4,809 384 8.0 0.7 4,784 430 9.0 1.0 *-46 *-1.0 0.8

Mississippi................. 2,811 384 13.6 1.0 2,789 364 13.1 1.3 20 0.5 0.7

Missouri. . ................. 5,458 519 9.5 0.7 5,516 586 10.6 1.2 *-67 *-1.1 0.8

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 150 16.7 1.0 876 162 18.5 1.5 *-12 *-1.8 0.8

Nebraska.................. 1,653 150 9.1 0.7 1,658 164 9.9 1.2 *-14 *-0.8 0.8

Nevada ................... 1,934 318 16.5 0.8 1,991 311 15.6 1.3 7 0.9 1.0

New Hampshire . . .......... 1,217 102 8.4 0.7 1,240 85 6.8 1.2 *17 *1.6 0.8

New Jersey................ 8,198 979 11.9 0.7 8,306 1,049 12.6 0.8 *-70 *-0.7 0.5

New Mexico ............... 1,780 422 23.7 1.3 1,793 427 23.8 1.5 –5 –0.1 0.7

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,363 2,932 16.0 0.5 18,409 2,802 15.2 0.7 *130 *0.8 0.3

North Carolina ............. 7,776 1,037 13.3 0.7 7,521 980 13.0 1.0 *57 0.3 0.5

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 69 11.2 0.8 607 69 11.3 1.3 - –0.1 0.8

Ohio . ..................... 11,170 1,249 11.2 0.5 11,539 1,255 10.9 0.7 –6 0.3 0.3

Oklahoma ................. 3,378 638 18.9 1.0 3,287 636 19.3 1.5 2 –0.4 0.8

Oregon.................... 3,377 423 12.5 0.8 3,400 465 13.7 1.3 *-42 *-1.2 1.0

Pennsylvania . . ............ 11,814 1,022 8.7 0.5 11,968 905 7.6 0.7 *117 *1.1 0.3

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978 72 7.4 0.7 936 55 5.9 1.0 *17 *1.5 0.8

South Carolina . ............ 3,948 481 12.2 0.8 3,769 448 11.9 1.3 33 0.3 1.0

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 79 10.9 0.7 697 82 11.8 1.3 –3 *-0.9 0.8

Tennessee................. 5,586 607 10.9 0.8 5,580 577 10.3 1.2 30 0.6 0.7

Texas ..................... 20,684 4,607 22.3 0.7 20,592 4,425 21.5 0.8 *182 *0.8 0.3

Utah . ..................... 2,200 271 12.3 0.8 2,210 296 13.4 1.2 *-25 *-1.1 0.7

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 52 8.7 0.7 631 67 10.7 1.3 *-15 *-2.0 1.0

Virginia.................... 6,978 807 11.6 0.8 6,978 886 12.7 1.2 *-79 *-1.1 0.8

Washington................ 5,834 781 13.4 0.8 5,855 780 13.3 1.3 1 0.1 1.0

West Virginia .............. 1,801 256 14.2 0.8 1,778 254 14.3 1.3 2 –0.1 0.8

Wisconsin ................. 5,278 401 7.6 0.7 5,419 386 7.1 1.0 15 0.5 0.7

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 76 15.7 1.0 489 70 14.4 1.3 *6 *1.3 0.8

- Represents zero or rounds to zero. *Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

As a result of rounding, some differences may appear to be slightly higher or lower than the difference of the reported rates.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey 2001 Annual Demographic Supplement, 1990-based controls.
U.S. Census Bureau 23

Table B-3.

People Without Health Insurance for the Entire Year by Selected Characteristics: 2000

(Numbers in thousands. For an explanation of confidence intervals (C.I.), see ‘‘Standard errors and their use’’ on the Census Bureau’s CPS

Web site at www.bls.census.gov/cps/ads/2002/ssrcacc.htm)

Census 2000 controls Census 1990 controls Difference1

Uninsured Uninsured Uninsured

Characteristic

Percent Percent Percent

Per- 90-pct Per- 90-pct Per- 90-pct

Total Number cent1 C.I. (±) Total Number cent1 C.I. (±) Number cent C.I. (±)

People

Total .................. 279,517 39,804 14.2 0.2 276,567 38,871 14.1 0.1 *933 0.1 0.2

Sex

Male ...................... 136,559 20,791 15.2 0.2 135,255 20,162 14.9 0.2 *629 *0.3 0.2

Female.................... 142,958 19,013 13.3 0.2 141,312 18,709 13.2 0.2 304 0.1 0.2

Race and Ethnicity

White . . . .................. 228,208 30,075 13.2 0.2 226,360 29,340 13.0 0.1 *735 *0.2 0.2

Non-Hispanic ............ 193,931 18,683 9.6 0.2 194,120 18,906 9.7 0.1 –223 –0.1 0.2

Black . . ................... 35,597 6,683 18.8 0.3 35,924 6,805 18.9 0.4 –122 –0.1 0.6

Asian and Pacific Islander . . . 12,693 2,287 18.0 0.7 11,535 2,046 17.7 0.7 *241 0.3 0.9

Hispanic2.................. 36,093 11,883 32.9 0.3 33,875 10,862 32.1 0.4 *1,021 *0.8 0.6

Age

Under 18 years ............ 72,314 8,617 11.9 0.2 72,540 8,520 11.7 0.2 97 0.2 0.3

18 to 24 years ............. 26,815 7,406 27.6 0.5 26,980 7,249 26.9 0.5 157 *0.7 0.7

25 to 34 years ............. 38,865 8,507 21.9 0.3 37,479 7,962 21.2 0.4 *545 *0.7 0.5

35 to 44 years ............. 44,566 6,898 15.5 0.3 44,752 6,930 15.5 0.3 –32 - 0.4

45 to 64 years ............. 63,391 8,124 12.8 0.2 62,079 7,950 12.8 0.2 174 - 0.3

65 years and over . . . ....... 33,566 251 0.7 0.1 32,736 260 0.8 0.1 –9 –0.1 0.1

Nativity

Native. . ................... 247,706 29,529 11.9 0.2 246,646 29,404 11.9 0.1 125 - 0.2

Foreign born............... 31,811 10,275 32.3 0.5 29,921 9,467 31.6 0.5 *808 0.7 0.7

Naturalized citizen........ 11,785 1,930 16.4 0.7 11,240 1,823 16.2 0.7 107 0.2 1.0

Not a citizen . . ........... 20,026 8,345 41.7 0.7 18,681 7,644 40.9 0.7 *701 0.8 1.0

Region

Northeast.................. 53,046 6,372 12.0 0.2 51,880 6,151 11.9 0.2 *221 0.1 0.3

Midwest ................... 63,631 6,703 10.5 0.2 63,160 6,615 10.5 0.2 88 - 0.3

South ..................... 99,420 16,000 16.1 0.2 98,384 15,656 15.9 0.2 *344 0.2 0.3

West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,420 10,728 16.9 0.3 63,143 10,450 16.6 0.3 *278 0.3 0.4

Household Income

Less than $25,000.......... 61,792 14,094 22.8 0.3 60,720 13,803 22.7 0.3 *291 0.1 0.4

$25,000 to $49,999. . ....... 77,084 13,385 17.4 0.2 76,090 13,074 17.2 0.2 *311 0.2 0.3

$50,000 to $74,999. . ....... 59,089 6,513 11.0 0.2 58,593 6,330 10.8 0.2 183 0.2 0.3

$75,000 or more ........... 81,553 5,812 7.1 0.2 81,164 5,665 7.0 0.2 147 0.1 0.2

Education

(18 years and older)

Total ...................... 207,203 31,186 15.1 0.2 204,027 30,352 14.9 0.1 *834 *0.2 0.2

No high school diploma ..... 34,994 9,406 26.9 0.5 34,086 8,976 26.3 0.4 *430 0.6 0.6

High school graduate only. . . 66,327 11,137 16.8 0.3 65,330 10,934 16.7 0.3 203 0.1 0.4

Some college, no degree.... 40,298 5,400 13.4 0.3 40,066 5,323 13.3 0.3 77 0.1 0.4

Associate degree .......... 16,075 1,721 10.7 0.5 15,866 1,690 10.7 0.4 31 - 0.6

Bachelor’s degree or higher . 49,510 3,522 7.1 0.2 48,680 3,429 7.0 0.2 93 0.1 0.3

Work Experience

(18 to 64 years old)

Total ...................... 173,638 30,935 17.8 0.2 171,291 30,091 17.6 0.2 *844 *0.2 0.2

Worked during year. . ....... 142,447 23,525 16.5 0.2 140,632 22,878 16.3 0.2 *647 0.2 0.3

Worked full-time.......... 119,067 18,707 15.7 0.2 117,339 18,129 15.5 0.2 *578 0.2 0.3

Worked part-time ......... 23,381 4,818 20.6 0.5 23,293 4,749 20.4 0.6 69 0.2 0.8

Did not work ............... 31,190 7,410 23.8 0.5 30,658 7,213 23.5 0.5 197 0.3 0.7

- Represents zero or rounds to zero.

*Statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.

1

As a result of rounding, some differences may appear to be slightly higher or lower than the difference of the reported rates.

2

Hispanics may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey 2001 Annual Demographic Supplement, expanded sample.
U.S. Department of Commerce

FIRST-CLASS MAIL Economics and Statistics Administration POSTAGE & FEES PAID

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU U.S. Census Bureau

Washington, DC 20233 Permit No. G-58

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

Penalty for Private Use $300