Harbansus, a New Genus of

Marine Ostracoda, and a Revision

of the Philomedidae (Myodocopina

LOUIS S. KORNIGKER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 260
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 26 0

Harbansus, 2L New Genus of

Marine Ostracoda, and a Revision

of the Philomedidae (Myodocopina)

Louis S. Komicker

ISSUE D

JUN-51978

SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1978
ABSTRAC T

Kornicker, Louis S. Harbansus, a New Genus of Marine Ostracoda, and a Revision of the Philomedidae (Myodocopina). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

number 260, 75 pages, 37 figures, 1G plates, 2 tables, 1978.—A new genus of

myodocopid ostracodes in the subfamily Pseudophilomedinae is proposed to include

8 species, of which 5 are new, and 2 additional taxa in open nomenclature. Known

species live along the western coast of Africa, the western coasts of North and

South America, the eastern coast of Central and North America, in the Gulf of

Mexico, the Bahamas, and Hawaii. The family Philomedidae is revised.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea

cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Kornicker, Louis S. 1919-

Harbansus, a new genus of marine Ostracoda, and a revision of the Philomedidae (Myodocopina).

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 260)

Bibliography: p.

1. Harbansus. 2. Streptoleberis. 3. Philomedidae. 4. Crustacea—Classification. I. Title. II.

Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 260.

QL1.S54 no. 260 [QL444.085] 591'.08s [595'.33] 77-13384
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Station Data 2

Phylogeny and Classification 5

Character Analysis 6

Dichotomy 6

Subfamilial Dichotomy 6

Generic Dichotomy in the Subfamily Pseudophilomedinae 8

Convergence 9

Phylogeny and Zoogeography of Harbansus 10

Functional Morphology of Harbansus 11

PHILOMEDIDAE Muller, 1908 11

Key to the Subfamilies of Philomedidae 12

PHILOMEDINAE Muller, 1908 12

Key to the Genera of Philomedinae 13

PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE Kornicker, 1967 13

Key to the Genera of Pseudophilomedinae 13

Harbansus, new genus 13

Key to the Species of Harbansus 16

Harbansus paucichelatus (Kornicker, 1958), new combination 16

Harbansus rhabdion (Kornicker, 1970), new combination 23

Harbansus schornikovi (Kornicker and Caraion, 1977), new combination 23

Harbansus bradmyersi, new species 24

Harbansus mayeri, new species 28

Harbansus dayi, new species 32

Harbansus bowenae, new species 39

Harbansus barnardi, new species 45

Harbansus species A 49

Harbansus species B 49

Harbansus species indeterminate 50

Streptoleberis Brady, 1890 51

Streptoleberis crenulata Brady, 1890 51

Streptoleberis favosa Brady and Norman, 1896 55

Streptoleberis rectirostris Brady and Norman, 1896 57

Literature Cited 58

Plates 60

Harbansus > a New Genus of

Marine Ostracoda, and a Revision

of the Philomedidae (Myodocopina)

Louis S. Kornicker

Introduction

The new genus Harbansus is proposed to include

8 species, of which 5 are new, and 2 additional taxa

in open nomenclature: H. paucichelatus (Kornicker,

1958), H. rhabdion (Kornicker, 1970), H. schornikovi

(Kornicker and Caraion, 1977), H. bradmyersi, new

species, H. mayeri, new species, H. dayi, new species,

H. bowenae, new species, H. barnardi, new species,

H. species A, and H. species B.

Known species of the genus live along the western

coast of Africa, the western coast of North and

South America, the eastern coast of Central and

North America, in the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, and Hawaii (Figure 1).

Also treated herein are 3 species of Streptoleberis,

a genus that resembles Harbansus, but because it is

poorly known was correctly referred to "Cypridinidarum genera dubia and species dubiae" by

Miiller (1912:51,52).

The Philomedidae is revised using the phylogenetic principles proposed by Hennig (1966) to

arrive at a classification having genera more equally

distributed among the 2 existing subfamilies than in

the previous classification. An attempt is made to

explain the distribution of species of Harbansus

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

using principles of Hennig (1966) and Croizat (1958,

1964).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I thank the following for

specimens of Harbansus and Streptoleberis: Dr. Albert G. Long and Dr. Anthony Tynan, The Hancock Museum, Scotland; Mr. David L. Mayer, Fisheries Research Institute, University of Washington;

Mr. Brad Myers, Southern California Coastal Water

Research Project; Dr. M. Bacescu, Museum of

Natural History "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest, Romania; Ms. Marcia Bowen, Virginia Institute of

Marine Science; Dr. John H. Day, Beaufort Marine

Laboratory, Duke University; Mrs. Anne Cohen,

Dr. Roger F. Cressey, Jr., Dr. F. M. Bayer, and Dr.

J. Laurens Barnard, Smithsonian Institution, and

David Gettleson, Texas A&M University. Some

specimens were collected as part of the benthic

macrofaunal project of the southern California baseline studies and analyses, funded by the U.S. Bureau

of Land Management. I also thank Mr. Walter R.

Brown and Miss Mary J. Mann, Smithsonian Institution, who operated the scanning electron microscope. Freeze-drying of specimens for photography

was done in the laboratory of Mr. Roland Hower,

Smithsonian Institution. Most initial drawings of

appendages were made by Mr. Paul Mazer, who

also inked the final drawings. I especially thank

Mrs. Carolyn Bartlett Gast for the shaded renderings of carapaces; Mrs. Anne Cohen, Mr. Brad
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

_eo

• H. pauoiohelatus

A H. rhabdion

if H. sahormikovi

A H. bradmyersi

• H. mayevi

•& H. dayi

4c. H. bouenae

D H. barmapdi

• H. speaies A

O H. speaies B

•O H. speaies indet

160 )20 80 40

FICURE 1.—Locality map of species of Harbansus.

Myers, and Dr. Thomas E. Bowman for reviewing

all or parts of the manuscript; Miss Maura MeManus for assisting in its preparation; Dr. W.

Ronald Heyer and Dr. Donald R. Whitehead,

Smithsonian Institution, for assistance in the Hennigian analysis, and Dr. Gareth Nelson, American

Museum of Natural History, for correspondence

concerning the biogeographical principles of Dr.

Croizat.

This paper is contribution number 34 of the

Smithsonian Institution Investigations of Marine

Shallow-Water Ecosystems Project (IMSWE).

DISPOSITION OF SPECIMENS.—Most of the specimens have been deposited at the National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution under

the catalog numbers of the former United States

National Museum (USNM). The disposition of

other specimens is given in the text in the appropriate section where the species is described.

Station Data

BELIZE

Carrie Bow Cay, 16°48'N, 88°05'W, part of the

Smithsonian Coral Reef project (IMSWE);

small aquarium net scraping surface of sand;

1976; collector: Anne C. Cohen

Sta 16, Transect I, depth 1.5 m; sand and rubble zone of

lagoon, sandy with some patches of Thalassia, staghorn

coral, coral rubble, water and sediment temperature

28°C; 12 May 1976.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 11 specimens including 1 adult

male.
NUMBER 260

Sta 20, 300-400 m S34°W from Carrie Bow Cay, bottom

depth 9.1 m; sand with some silt and Thalassia patches

adjacent to patch reef, water temperature about 28°C;

14 May 1976.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 specimen.

Sta 24, adjacent to Transect I, depth 24 m; sand trough

of outer fore-reef, water temperature 28°C; 15 May

1976.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 specimen.

Sta 47, adjacent to Transect I, near bottom on inner reel

slope just above sand trough, bottom depth 24 m; sand

patch surrounded by coral on slope, water temperature

about 28°C; 21 May 1976.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 2 specimens including 1 adult

male.

Sta 62 (same locality as sta 24); 24 May 1976.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 ovigerous female.

Twin Cays (larger island), 16°48'N, 88°06'W; small

aquarium net scraping surface of sand; 1976;

collector: Anne C. Cohen

Sta 9, sheltered inlet surrounded by mangroves on W side

of island, depth 15 cm; bottom of silty sand and decaying vegetation, water temperature above 28°C; 10 May

1976.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 specimen.

CALIFORNIA

Continental shelf off Oxnard; 1973-1974; collector:

Brad L. Myers

Sta A-2, 18.3 m; Mar 1974.

Harbansus bradmyersi: 1 ovigerous female.

Sta C-2, 18.3 m; Dec 1973.

Harbansus bradmyersi: 2 adult females.

Sta C-2c, 18.3 m; Sep 1974.

Harbansus bradmyersi: 1 ovigerous female.

Sta C-3, 27.4 m; Mar 1974.

Harbansus bradmyersi: 1 adult female.

Sta OC-3, 27.4 m; Mar 1974.

Harbansus bradmyersi: 1 ovigerous female, 1 adult female.

Sta OC-3a, 27.4 m; Sep 1974.

Harbansus bradmyersi: 2 ovigerous females.

Sta OC-3b, 27.4 m; Sep 1974.

Harbansus bradmyersi: 5 ovigerous females, 1 adult female without eggs, 1 juvenile or adult female without

eggsOff Laguna Beach, Orange County; from rock

scrapings; 1974; collector: Brad L. Myers

Sta K-l, 12.5 m; Mar 1974.

Harbansus bradmyersi: 1 ovigerous female.

Off Santa Catalina Island, under reef canopy, 10.7 m;

rock scraping; 1974; collector: Brad L. Myers

Harbansus bradmyersi: 1 adult female without eggs.

Offshore islands, R/V Velero 111, collected under

contract for Bureau of Land Management as a

baseline presurvey for leasing oil drilling sites;

1975-1976; from collection of Allan Hancock

Foundation, specimens received from Brad L.

Myers

Sta 23086 BFI, Santa Rosa Island, 33°40'N, 119°58'W, 140

m.

Harbansus species B: 1 ovigerous female.

Sta 24075 BFI, off W end of Santa Catalina Island, 33°29/

24"N, 118°44'12"W, 414 m.

Harbansus species indeterminate: 1 adult female.

FLORIDA

Anclote Anchorage, off Tarpon Springs, N of

Tampa; shallow water grab sample (15 X 15

cm); 1976; collector: Dr. Patsy A. McLaughlin

Sta 30, 2.23 m; 6 Apr 1976.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 adult male.

Biscayne Bay, Norris Cut, off N end of Virginia Key,

opposite Fisher Island, water depth about 20

cm; tidal flat with Diplanthera; sample obtained with small net drawn through sediment

in few centimeters of water; 17 Feb 1976; collector: F. M. Bayer

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 specimen.

Placida Harbor (part of Charlotte Harbor), off Bird

Key; 1974; collector: Roger F. Cressey

Sample 3, 2-3m; Ockelman dredge tied to Otter trawl, mud

washings; 1 May 1974.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 3 ovigerous females and 27

additional specimens.

Sample 4, 2-3 m; mud bottom; weed washings from Otter

trawl; 2 May 1974.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 ovigerous female.

Sample 5, 1-2 m; mud washings from Ockelman dredge

tied to Otter trawl; 16 Jul 1974.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 3 specimens including 1 ovigerous female.

Virginia Key, NE shore facing Bear Cut, water

depth about 20 cm; tidal flat with rocks, green

algae, Caulerpa, Padina; sample obtained with

small net drawn through sediment between

rock; 17 Feb 1976; collector: F. M. Bayer

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 ovigerous female, 1 juvenile.

HAWAII

Sta JLB Hawaii 10, Sampan Pass, Kaneohe Bay,

Oahu, 2 m; heads of Pocillopora meandrina;

23 Feb 1967; recovered by divers Kruschwitz
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

and Bowers (see Barnard, 1970:277 for amphipods of 23 species collected at station)

Harbansus barnardi: 1 ovigerous female; 1 A-l male.

MEXICO

Guadalupe Island, 1.6 mi and 60°T (true) from

South Bluff, R/V Velero III; sand bottom;

dredge; from collection of Allan Hancock

Foundation, specimen received from Brad L.

Myers

Sta 1927, 73.2-102.4 m; 20 Dec 1949.

Harbansus species A: 1 ovigerous female.

NEW JERSEY

Outer continental shelf, research vessel Columbus

Iselin; 0.10 square meter Maclntyre grab

sampler; Nov 1975; collector: Marcia Bowen,

Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Sta A3-8, 39°16'37"N, 72°29'57"W, 136 m.

Harbansus dayi: 1 adult male and 2 juveniles.

Sta A4-9, 39°14'17"N, 72°26'43"W, 196 m.

Harbansus dayi: 7 specimens including 1 adult female

and juveniles.

Harbansus bowenae: 3 juveniles plus 1 2nd antenna of

adult female.

Sta A4-11, 39°14'17"N, 72°26'43"W, 1% m.

Harbansus dayi: 12 specimens including adult females

and juveniles.

Harbansus bowenae: 18 specimens including adult females and juveniles.

Sta A4-12, 39°14'17"N, 72°26'43"W, 196 m.

Harbansus dayi: 2 juvenile females.

Sta F4-7, 39°44'36"N, 73°O3'O4"W, 183 m.

Harbansus dayi: 11 specimens including ovigerous females and juveniles.

Harbansus boivenae: 47 specimens including ovigerous

females and juveniles.

Sta F4-10, 39°44'36"N, 73°03'04"AV, 183 m.

Harbansus dayi: 1 adult male.

NORTH CAROLINA

Beaufort Shelf Transect; 1964-1965; collector: John

H. Day

Sta 55 P, 34°19'30"N, 75°56'18"W, 160 m; sandy mud, sediment temperature 22°C; 0.2 square meter Van Veen

Grab; 6 Apr 1964.

Harbansus dayi: 1 adult female.

Sta 155 G, 34°00'00/'N, 75°53'42"W, 160 m; sandy mud,

sediment temperature 19.5°C; 0.2 square meter Van

Veen Grab; 30 Sep 1965.

Harbansus dayi: 1 adult female.

Sta 251 N-P, 34°23'18"N, 75°54'12"W, 160 m; sediment

median grain size 0.250 mm, sediment temperature

16.5°C; 0.2 square meter Van Veen Grab; 30 Nov 1965.

Harbansus dayi: 1 adult female.

Sta 253 M, 34°22'48"N, 75°51'48"W, 190 m; sediment median grain size 0.166 mm (mud), sediment temperature

12.7°C; dredge for 10 minutes; 30 Nov 1965.

Harbansus dayi: 1 ovigerous female.

Sta 256 Q-R, 34°22'48"N, 75O51'24"W, 198 m; sediment median grain size 0.166 mm, sediment temperature 12.7°C;

0.2 square meter Van Veen Grab; 30 Nov 1965.

Harbansus dayi: 1 adult female.

PERU

Peru-Chile trench, 08°23'S, 80°45'W, 3086-3202 m,

R/V Anton Bruun, cruise 11; benthic trawl

sample; 18 Oct 1965; collector: M. BScescu,

Museum of Natural History, "Grigore Antipa,"

Bucharest, Romania.

Harbansus rhabdion: 1 ovigerous female.

TEXAS

Gulf of Mexico, off Galveston, R/V Gyre (Texas

A&M University); 1974; collector: David GettleCruise 10.

Sta 8, 25°10'N, 94°18'W, 56 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 5 specimens.

Sta 16, 25°10'N, 94°18'W. 53.5 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 2 specimens.

Cruise 11.

Sta 1, 28°24'N, 93°57'30"W, 49.25 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 3 specimens.

Sta 2, 28°22'36"N, 94°01'30"W, 49.75 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 6 specimens.

Sta 5, 28°19'30"N, 94°09'00"W, 50 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 4 specimens.

Sta 7, 28°16'N, 94°06'30"W, 53 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 17 specimens.

Sta 8, 28°15'18"N, 94°03'00"W, 57.75 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 5 specimens.

Sta 9, 28°2rO6"N, 93°40'18"W, 57.5 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 13 specimens.

Sta 11, 28°22'12"N, 93°49'30"W, 54.75 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 13 specimens.

Sta 12, 28°23'3O"N, 93°53'30"W, 51-75 m.

Harbansus paucichelatus: 8 specimens.

Gulf of Mexico, Heald Bank, 40 mi SW of Sabine

Pass, Magnolia cruise 15, depth about 15 m;

18 Oct 1953; collector: W. G. Hewatt

Harbansus paucichelatus: 1 ovigerous female.
NUMBER 260

WASHINGTON

North side of Kiket Island, Similk Bay, 48°25'10"N,

122°35'50"W, water depth 8 m; soft mud bottom, salinity range 21.07-29.75 parts per thousand, temperature range 5.9°-14.1°C, tidal

range 4.9 m; diver operated core sampler, 2.21

cm diameter, material sieved through 0.495 mm

Tyler standard sieve; 1972; collector: David

Mayer

Harbansus mayeri: 8 specimens including 3 ovigerous females, 3 adult females, and 2 juveniles.

Phylogeny and Classification

Philomedidae Miiller, 1908, consists of 2 subfamilies: Philomedinae Miiller, 1908, and Pseudophilomedinae Kornicker, 1967b. Kornicker (1968:

449) recognized only 2 genera in Pseudophilomedinae: Pseudophilomedes Miiller, 1893, and

Paramekodon Brady and Norman, 1896. At that

time, adult males were unknown for both genera.

Adult males remain unknown for Paramekodon,

but they have been described for 2 species of

Pseudophilomedes by Kornicker and Caraion (1977).

Some of the morphological characters of the adult

males of Pseudophilomedes suggest that the genus

might be closely related to the genus Telragonodon

Brady and Norman, 1896, a genus that had been

assigned to Philomedinae by Kornicker (1968:449),

and also closely related to the new genus Harbansus

proposed herein.

Because of this, it was decided to investigate the

phylogeny of Philomedidae using the principles

proposed by Hennig (1966) in which derived (apomorphic) rather than primitive (plesiomorphic)

character states are considered important for grouping taxa. This method was used for reconstructing a

phylogeny of superfamilial and higher categories of

Ostracoda by Kornicker and Sohn (1976).

One of the difficulties in making a Hennigian

analysis is determining directionality, i.e., which

condition of a character is plesiomorphic and which

is apomorphic. Another difficulty is deciding which

of many reconstructed phylogenies is more likely

to approximate the actual phylogeny. If a satisfactory phylogeny is derived from the analysis, it

is then necessary to decide to what degree it should

be used to form the basis of a classification. Perhaps

the greatest advantage of this method for reconstructing a phylogeny, and ultimately for develop

ing a classification, is that each step in the derivation is clearly defined, and thus open to future

revision in an objective manner.

The objective of the present analysis was to determine whether or not Philomedidae should be split

into smaller groupings (subfamilies) and, if so,

which genera should be included in each group.

First to be considered was the present division of

the family into 2 subfamilies: Pseudophilomedinae

with 2 genera, and Philomedinae with the remaining genera. With that division it was possible to

assign 2 synapomorphic character states (shared derived) to Pseudophilomedinae, but none to Philomedinae. The 2 apomorphic characters states used

were those upon which Pseudophilomedinae was

based (Kornicker 1968:448, 449): a small 3rd endite

on the maxilla and a saber-like tooth on the 2nd

exopodial joint of the 5th limb. Those character

states are found in no other myodocopids. Clearly,

a phylogeny in which more synapomorphic character states are present in the divisions would be

preferable to the present division.

The reconstructed phylogeny finally arrived at is

one in which Pseudophilomedinae contains 3 synapomorphic character states, and Philomedinae contains 1 synapomorphic character state. In the proposed phylogeny, Pseudophilomedinae contains the

genera Pseudophilomedes, Paramekodon, Tetragonodon, and Harbansus, and the remaining 6 genera

are retained in Philomedinae (Figure 2). The 4

morphological characters used in the analysis are

discussed below. A total of 4 character states is an

insufficient number to arrive at more than a very

tenuous phylogeny; additional information is

needed to confirm the proposed phylogeny.

An attempt was made to derive the phylogeny

of the genera in the subfamily Pseudophilomedinae,

but because of the inability to justify a decision as

to whether some of the character states are apomorphic or plesiomorphic, the results were unsatisfactory. The directionality of character states are indicated in Figure 2 more as a guide showing available

data rather than as support for the proposed phylogeny. The proposed phylogeny in Figure 2 for the

subfamily Philomedinae is based on overall similarities and differences because of the inability to justify directionality of character states.

Cypridinacea contains 5 families: Cypridinidae,

Philomedidae, Sarsiellidae, Rutidermatidae, and
PHILOMEOINAE

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PSEUDOPHILOMEDIMAE

PARAPH ILOMEDES SCLEROCONCHA PSEUDOPHILOMEDES HARBANSUS

ANARTHRON | PARAMEKOOON | TETRAGONOOON

FIGURE 2.—Reconstructed phylogcny of the Philomedidae

(open circle = plcsiomorphic character state; closed circle

— apomorphic character state; numbers correspond to characters listed in text under "Character Analysis").

Cylindroleberididae. Of these, only the members of

Cypridinidae are known as Paleozoic fossils. Because

fossils of that family are fairly abundant in the

Paleozoic, it seems likely that if members of other

families were living at that time, some of them

would also have been preserved. Therefore, an

assumption is made herein that some character

states present on recent Cypridinidae are probably

plesiomorphic. Because evolutionary rates are unknown in the families, this criterion for determining the directionality of character states must be

used with caution, which I have attempted to do.

Another method used for estimating directionality of character states is the distribution of

the character states among the various taxa. In

general, character states widespread in taxa other

than the sister groups being evaluated are considered plesiomorphic.

Character Analysis

DICHOTOMY

Subfamilial Dichotomy

1. Sensory bristle of the 5th joint of the male

1st antenna: In the Cypridinidae the sensory

bristle of the male is similar to that of the female

or bears a few additional filaments. In some genera

(Bathyvargula, Metavargula) some of the filaments

are much wider than those of the female, but usually the filaments are slender on both sexes, or

only slightly wider on the male. In the Philomedidae

and in other families of the Cypridinacea, the sensory bristle of the male bears many more filaments

than are present on the female. Because of the

antiquity of the Cypridinidae, the sensory bristle of

the male Cypridinidae is considered here to be a

primitive type.

The genera of the Philomedidae exhibiting the

male sensory bristle character may roughly be divided into 2 types (see Figure 3), depending on the

state of this character: type 1, long filaments concentrated along an elongate widened segment occupying the proximal one-third to two-thirds of the

bristle; type 2, long filaments concentrated on a

bulbous segment occupying about the proximal

one-fifth of the bristle (the proximal edge of the

bulb projects backward). The sensory bristle of the

male Parapliilomed.es (see Poulsen, 1962:403, fig.

176e') appears to be transitional between character

states 1 and 2 in having the long filaments concentrated near the proximal end of the bristle (Figure ?>e). It is, however, assigned to type 1 because

the proximal part containing the filaments does

not project backward as does the bulbous part of

the type 2 bristle.
NUMBER 260

FIGURE 3.—Sensory bristle of 1st antennae of adult males of selected genera of the subfamilies

Philomedinae (a-e) and Pseudophilomedinae (J-h): a, Euphilomedes agilis (Thomson, 1879); b,

Philomedes heptathrix Kornicker, 1975; c, Scleroconcha arcuata Poulsen, 1962; d, Igene walleni

Kornicker, 1975; e, Paraphilomedes unicornuta Poulsen, 1962 (adapted from Poulsen, 1962:403,

fig. 176e/); /, Harbansus dayi, new species; g, Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus (Brady, 1887); h,

Pseudophilomedes thalassa Kornicker and Caraion, 1977. (Tips of stems broken in d,eg.)

Because the type 1 bristle appears to be intermediate between the sensory bristle of the male

Cypridinidae and the type 2 bristle, it is considered

here to be plesiomorphic, and genera having the

type 2 bristle to be synapomorphic. The type 2 sensory bristle is also present on males of the Sarsiellidae. I consider this to be convergence. The male

sensory bristle of other families (Cylindroleberididae,

Rutidermatidae) more closely resembles the type 1

bristle. The adult male of the genus Paramekodon

is unknown but I assume it to be similar to that of

the closely related genus Pseudophilomedes.

2. Bristles on list of infold of caudal process: In

the Philomedidae the bristles consist of 2 types:

type 1, small, slender, bare bristles; type 2, broad,

spinous, frondlike bristles. I consider the latter type,

which is found elsewhere only in some of the Sarsiellidae, to be the apomorphic character state, and

those genera having the type 2 bristles to be synapomorphic. An exception to the two types is seen

in the bristles on the caudal process of Euphilomedes ferox Poulsen, 1962 (Poulsen, 1962:392, fig.

nib), which bears slender bristles branching distally. These bristles may be intermediate between

types 1 and 2, but I consider them as a variation

of type 1 bristles.

3. End joint of the 6th limb: The 6th limbs of

the Cypridinidae, Philomedidae, Sarsiellidae, and

Rutidermatidae are more or less similarly constructed, whereas the 6th limb of the Cylindroleberididae is considerably different. The end joints

of the 6th limbs of the first 4 families are of 2 types:
8

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

type 1, end joint with considerable posterior projection; type 2, relatively slight posterior projection.

The type 1 end joint is present on all of the

Cypridinidae and on some of the Philomedidae;

whereas the type 2 end joint is present on the remainder of the Philomedidae and on the Sarsiellidae

and Rutidermatidae. Because of the antiquity of

the Cypridinidae, I consider the type 1 end joint to

be the plesiomorphic character state. The presence

of the type 2 end joint in many divergent groups

is interpreted to be due to convergence. With the

exception of Igene walleni and a few species of

Euphilomed.es, those genera in the Philomedidae

having the type 2 end joint are considered to be

synapomorphic. Igene walleni and the few species

of Euphilomedes having the type 2 end joint are

considered to be convergent.

4. Relative lengths of the 2nd and 3rd joints of

the exopodite of the male 2nd antenna: In the

Cypridinidae and the Sarsiellidae the exopodites

of males and females are similar in having the 2nd

joints slightly longer than the 3rd joints. In the

Cylindroleberididae, the exopodites of the males and

females are similar, or the males have a much longer

2nd joint than present on the females. The exopodite of the male Philomedidae may be divided into

2 types: type 1, similar to that of female; type 2,

3rd joint much longer than 2nd. The type 1 exopodite of the male is considered here to be the plesiomorphic character state, and genera having the

type 2 exopodite to be synapomorphic. Males of the

Rutidermatidae also have the type 2 exopodite. I

consider this to be convergence.

Generic Dichotomy in the Subfamily

Pseudophilomedinae

5. Large tooth of 2nd exopodial joint of the 5th

limb of the female: In the Pseudophilomedinae

this tooth may be divided into 2 types: type 1, tooth

squarish in shape: type 2, tooth with saberlike prolongation. The type 1 tooth is also present in

members of the Philomedinae and Rutidermatidae,

and is considered here to be the plesiomorphic character state. Genera with the type 2 tooth are considered synapomorphic. The teeth on Euphilomedes

ferox Poulsen. 1962, and Euphilomedes agilis (Thomson, 1879) appear to be intermediate types and are

here assigned to type 1.

6. Endite III of the maxilla: In the Pseudophilomedinae this endite may be divided into 2

types: type 1, endite well developed; type 2, endite

very small. The type 1 endite is present also on

members of the Cypridinidae and Philomedinae

and is considered here to be the plesiomorphic character state. The type 2 endite is present only in the

Pseudophilomedinae. Genera with the type 2 endite

are considered synapomorphic.

7. Exopodite of the maxilla: In the Pseudophilomedinae the exopodite consists of 2 types: type

1, exopodite consisting of lobe with 3 bristles near

ventral margin of basale; type 2, exopodite consisting of 3 bristles near dorsal margin of basale, lobe

absent. (It is possible that the type 2 exopodite is

not really an exopodite but merely 3 bristles on

the basale. In that interpretation the type 2 endite

considered above in item 6 would be considered the

exopodite, and the Pseudophilomedinae would have

only 2 endites; this interpretation would not change

the proposed phylogeny or classification.) The type

1 exopodite is present also on the Cypridinidae and

Rutidermatidae and is considered herein to be the

plesiomorphic character state. Genera with the

type 2 character state are synapomorphic.

8. Bristles on the 7th joint of the female 1st

antenna: Among the Philomedidae, the b-bristle

is absent only on members of Paramekodon. The

absence of the bristle is considered here to be the

apomorphic character state.

9. Number of furcal claws: Members of the

genus Harbansus have only 5 or 6 furcal claws.

Most members of the Cypridinidae and Philomedidae have more than 6 claws. Therefore, the presence of fewer claws on the furca of Harbansus than

on the sister group Tetragonodon, which has many

furcal claws, is considered here to be apomorphy.

However, species with 6 furcal claws are also present in the out groups Euphilomedes and Pseudophilomedes. These are considered here to be cases

of convergence, but they are sufficiently numerous

to make the directionality of this character questionable.

10. Rod-shaped organ: This organ is absent

only on members of the genus Tetragonodon.

Therefore, this character state (absence) is considered to be apomorphic.

11. Medial eye: The organ is absent only on

members of the genus Tetragonodon. This absence

is considered the apomorphic character state.
NUMBER 260

CONVERGENCE

In reconstructing a most parsimoniuus phylogeny

using the principles of Hennig, it is not uncommon

to find seemingly apomorphic character states in

some members of different lineages. These are assumed here to be the result of convergence, but no

attempt has been made to discriminate between convergence and parallelism. The reconstructed phylogeny is that which contains fewest convergences.

These are summarized below. The same numbers

are used as those listed under "Dichotomy." No

convergences occurred in states 4, 6-8, or 11.

1. Sensory bristle of the 5th joint of the male 1st

antenna: The genus Paraphilomedes Poulsen,

1962, is known from 2 species, of which the adult

male is known for only Paraphilomedes unicornuta

Poulsen, 1962. The base of the sensory bristle of

the 1st antenna of the adult male of that species is

much broader than that of other members of the

Philomedinae as revised herein (Figure 3e). It may

be an intermediate form between the typical plesiomorphic type 1 and apomorphic type 2 character

states of the sensory bristle. As an intermediate form

it could belong in the branch containing the Pseudophilomedinae, rather than in the branch containing the Philomedinae as proposed herein. However,

Paraphilomedes is referred to the Philomedinae

because it has the apomorphic type 2 exopodite of

the male 2nd antenna (character state 4), also referral of Paraphilomedes to the Pseudophilomedinae

would result in convergences in characters 2 and 3.

The type 2 character state, considered here to be

synapomorphic among the Pseudophilomedinae, is

also characteristic of the family Sarsiellidae. This is

considered to be convergence because the Sarsiellidae and Pseudophilomedinae differ from one another in many of other apomorphic character states.

This observation lends support to the suggested convergence between Paraphilomedes and Pseudophilomedinae.

If the type 2 character state should prove to be

plesiomorphic rather than apomorphic, the proposed reconstructed phylogeny would remain unchanged, but the character state would serve to

show a close relationship among the Philomedinae

rather than among the Pseudophilomedinae.

2. Bristles on list of infold of caudal process:

Euphilomcdcs ferox Poulsen, 1962, bears setose

bristles that could be considered intermediate between the simple plesiomorphic type 1 bristles of

the Philomedinae and the setose apomorphic type 2

bristles of the Pseudophilomedinae. Adult males of

E. ferox are not known; however, I assume them to

have the apomorphic type 2 exopodite of the 2nd

antenna (character state 4) of the adult male of the

presumably closely related E. agilis (Thomson, 1879)

and of other Philomedinae. For this reason I consider E. ferox to be a member of the Philomedinae.

However, it should be mentioned that the female

5th limb of both E. ferox and E. agilis resembles

that of species of Pseudophilomedes and Paramekodon, both members of the Pseudophilomedinae.

This is discussed further under character state 5

below wherein additional reasons are given for

assuming convergence. Setose bristles on some members of the Sarsiellidae are also considered convergent.

3. End joint of the 6th limb: Although the type

2 end joint, considered herein to be synapomorphic

among the Pseudophilomedinae, is also present on

the Sarsiellidae and Rutidermatidae, I consider this

to be convergence because those families differ considerably in other apomorphic characters.

Igene walleni Kornicker, 1975, Euphilomedes

multichelatus (Kornicker, 1958), E. arostratus Kornicker, 1967a, E. polae (Graf, 1931), and probably

E. fonsecensis (Hartmann, 1959) and E. oblongus

(Juday, 1907) have the type 2 end joint of the 6th

limb, which is synapomorphic among the Pseudophilomedinae. The type 2 end joints of the above

6 species of Euphilomedes are considered to be convergent, because these species have the apomorphic

type 2 exopodite of the male 2nd antennae indicating that they belong in the Philomedinae. Also,

referral of these species to Pseudophilomedinae

would result in convergences in character states 1

and 2.

5. Large tooth of the 2nd exopodial joint of the

5th limb of the female: As mentioned under

character state 2 above, the teeth on the exopodite

of the 5th limb of Euphilomedes ferox and E. agilis

appear to be intermediate between the plesiomophic

type 1 and apomorphic type 2 character states. As

discussed above, the bristles on the infold of the

caudal process of the carapace of E. ferox also could

be intermediate between the plesiomorphic and

apomorphic character states of the bristles. The

similarity of the teeth on the 5th limbs of E. ferox

and E. agilis to those of species of Pseudophilomedes
10

and Paramekodon is considered convergence because the 2 species have the apomorphic type 2

exopodite of the 2nd antenna characteristic of the

Philomedinae (known for E. agilis, assumed for

E. ferox). These 2 species have neither the apomorphic type 2 sensory bristle on the male 1st antenna,

nor the apomorphic type 2 end joint of the 6th

limb, whose presence would indicate them to be

more closely related to the Pseudophilomedinae

than to the Philomedinae. Thus, even if this group

of Euphilomed.es is considered a basal element of

the Pseudophilomedinae lineage (close to the point

where the 2 subfamilies branch), characteristic 5 is

not synapomorphic within the lineage and is therefore unequivocably convergent. At present, I regard

this group of Euphilomedes as at least related to, if

not truly congeneric, with other Euphilomedes; if

this is so, their possession of apomorphic character

states 2 and 5 must be regarded as convergent with

those of the Pseudophilomedinae. The question of

relationships within Euphilomedes remains to be

worked out.

9. Number of furcal claws: Several species of

Pseudophilomedes (P. angulatus Muller, 1894, P.

foveolatus Muller, 1894, and P. tetrathrix Kornicker

and Caraion, 1977) bear 6 claws on the caudal furca,

a character state considered herein to be apomorphic when comparing the genera Harbansus and

Tetragonodon. Euphilomedes bradyi Poulsen, 1962,

also bears only 6 furcal claws. In the family Sarsiellidae, members of the genera Sarsiella and A delta

have only 5 furcal claws. Reduction of the number

of furcal claws also occurs in the Cypridinidae.

Therefore, the reduction of furcal claws should not

be used to separate higher taxa, and is of marginal

use at the generic level. It is used herein as a synapomorphic character state in the genus Harbansus,

but it would not be unexpected for new species of

Harbansus to be found with more than 6 furcal

claws.

10. Rod-shaped organ: The absence of a rodshaped organ is considered the apomorphic character state herein. The state is exhibited only in the

genus Tetragonodon. The rod-shaped organ is

small in the genus I gene Kornicker, 1975, which is

referred to the Philomedinae, and also in the species

Harbansus rhabdion (Kornicker, 1970), which is

referred to the Pseudophilomedinae. All members of

the presumably ancestral family Cypridinidae also

have a small rod-shaped organ, suggesting that a

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

small organ is plesiomorphic. However, members of

the other cypridinid families have the long organ.

Therefore, I have been unable to resolve satisfactorily the directionality of the short and long rodshaped organ in the Philomedidae, but I believe

that the complete absence of the organ is apomorphic. I think it possible that the small organ of the

ancestral Cypidinidae evolved into a long organ in

the other families, and that the organ in some members of those families later became small or was lost.

Phylogeny and Zoogeography of Harbansus

I have attempted to interpret the phylogeny and

zoogeography of Harbansus using the principles of

Hennig (1966) and Croizat (1958, 1964; also see

Croizat et al., 1974). This method was applied with

notable success by Brundin (1966), Rosen (1975),

and Platnick (1976) to other taxa, and has been

discussed by Nelson (1969, 1974). The character

states for which apomorphic and plesiomorphic

conditions could be postulated with reasonable confidence were of insufficient number to reconstruct

more than a very tenuous phylogenetic relationship

for known species of Harbansus (Table 1; Figure 4).

Because Croizat's views, however, have not previously, to my knowledge, been applied to Ostracoda

I believe it is warranted to present the results for

the purpose of stimulating examination of the

method by others. The localities of the specimens

are noted in Figure 4.

Assuming a widespread ancestral population, and

that speciation resulted from "vicariance" (fragmenTABLE 1.—Plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states in

species of Harbansus

edge of

5. Ungth of

margin o

7. Number of

endopodi

Character state

sutures In rod-shaped

rod-shaped organ . .

f 2nd endopodial joint

long claws in distal

al Joint of mandible .

0rga O

to anterior

of mandible ... .

group of

2nd

Plesiomorphic

0-1

6-8

parallel

long

2

0

Apomorphic

3-7

A

oblique

short

3

1
NUMBER 260 11

H. tchornikovi H. rhabdion 7 North American H. bornardi

Africa South America •p«ci«§ Hawaii

FIGURE 4.—Reconstructed phylogeny and geographic distribution of species of Harbansus (numbers correspond to characters listed in Table 1; for meaning of symbols see Figure 2).

tation) of that population, the reconstructed phylegeny suggests the following series of events: (1)

the first vicariant event separated the African population from the New World and Hawaiian population; (2) a second vicariant event separated the

South American population from the North American and Hawaiian population; and (3) a third

vicariant event separated the North American population from the Hawaiian population. I will not

attempt to speculate on the vicariant events nor on

the possible influence of migration.

Functional Morphology of Harbansus

Natatory hairs are absent on the exopodial bristles

of the 2nd antennae of juveniles of both sexes of

all species of Harbansus, and on adult females of

Harbansus, except for the adult female H. paucichelatus. Therefore, all except the latter are incapable of swimming and are restricted to crawling

on, and burrowing into, the sediment. The latter

function is assisted by stout ventral spines on exopodial bristles of the 2nd antenna. Although the

adult male is know for only 2 species of Harbansus

(H. dayi and H. paucichelatus), it seems likely that

all adult males have natatory bristles on the 2nd

antennae allowing them to actively seek the female

by swimming. The adult male of H. paucichelatus,

but not that of H dayi, has ventral spines on the

exopodial bristles of the 2nd antennae suggesting

that the former species may be more efficient at

burrowing than the latter species.

The distal part of the natatory bristles on the

adult female of some species of Philomedes and

Scleroconcha, both members of the Philomedinae,

break off soon after mating so she must spend

the remainder of her life on the bottom (Kornicker,

1975:76). In the present collections, the natatory

bristles on several ovigerous females of H. paucichelatus were unbroken, but the 2nd antenna of the

specimen from the Bahamas illustrated by Kornicker (1958: fig. 54C) has the tips of several bristles

missing suggesting that the distal ends of the

bristles may break off in this species also. However,

it is possible that the appendage illustrated by

Kornicker (1958) is not representative. An indication of this is that the bristle of the 2nd joint is

broken, but not that of the 3rd joint. In other

species in which the bristles of the adult female are

broken, the broken bristles are restricted to the

distal joints.

The absence of natatory bristles on the 2nd

antennae of juveniles is common in the family

Philomedidae, where natatory bristles have been

reported on juveniles of only 1 species (Kornicker,

1975:74). On the other hand, the absence of natatory bristles on adult females is uncommon, and

has been reported only in the genera Tetragonodon

and Igene, both known only from deep water (Kornicker, 1975:74). Many adult females in the family

are known to rise in the water column to mate;

probably adult females of H. paucichelatus also do

this, but other species of Harbansus must remain

on the bottom during mating.

Members of Philomedidae are detritus feeders

(collectors) (Kornicker, 1975:39). Although gut content of only H. bradmyersi was examined, it is

assumed all species of Harbansus are probably

also detritus feeders. The inability of juveniles and

adult females of most of the species to swim suggests

that they feed while crawling on the bottom, or

possibly, while burrowing in the sediment. The

extreme reduction of the coxale endite of the mandible and the reduced and weakly developed

maxilla and 5th limb of the adult male indicate

that it may not eat; therefore, the adult male probably dies soon after mating.

PHILOMEDIDAE Mttller, 1908

Philomedidae contains two subfamilies: Philomedinae Miiller, 1908, and Pseudophilomedinae

Kornicker, 1967b.

DIAGNOSIS OF FEMALES AND JUVENILE MALES.—
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Carapace: Lamellar prolongation of selvage with

hirsute fringe.

First Antenna: 3rd and 4th joints separated by

distinct suture; a-bristle of 7th joint not clawlike.

Second Antenna: Protopodite without distomedial

bristle.

Mandible: Coxale endite consisting of short spinous process with bifurcate tip. Exopodite 40-100 percent of length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial

joint, usually with 2 bristles, of which 1 is as long

as, or longer than, exopodite.

Maxilla: End joint usually with more than 8

bristles, some pectinate.

Fifth Limb: 2nd joint of exopodite with large

tooth.

Sixth Limb: Consisting of 4 endites and large flat

end joint.

Seventh Limb: Tip with single comb opposite 1

or more pegs.

Furca: All claws separated from lamella by suture.

Long hairs medial to bases of some claws and along

margin of lamella following claws.

Upper Lip: Glandular field present but not

easily seen except for minute processes on anterior

tip.

DIAGNOSIS OF ADULT MALES.—Carapace: Lamellar

prolongation of selvage with hirsute fringe.

First Antenna: 3rd and 4th joints separated by

distinct suture; sensory bristle of minute 5th joint

with numerous long hairs; a-bristle of 7th joint not

clawlike; b- and c-bristles without suctorial discs.

Mandible: Coxale endite consisting of minute

process. Exopodite similar to that of adult female.

Maxilla: Reduced; end joint usually with more

than 8 bristles, none pectinate.

Fifth Limb: Exopodite reduced; 2nd joint without large flat tooth.

Sixth Limb: Similar to that of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Generally similar to that of female

or with fewer bristles, but absent on some species of

Harbansus.

Furca and Upper Lip: Similar to those of adult

female.

Key to the Subfamilies of Philomedidae

ADULT MALES

Sensory bristle of the 5th joint of the 1st antenna on bulbous segment occupying about the

proximal one-fifth of the bristle (the proximal edge of the bulb projecting backwards)

PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE

Sensory bristle of the 5th joint of the 1st antenna on widened segment occupying the proximal

one-third to two-thirds of the bristle (the proximal edge of the widened segment not projecting backwards) PHILOMEDINAE

FEMALES AND JUVENILE MALES

1. End joint of 6th limb with considerable posterior projection PHILOMEDINAE [part]

End joint of 6th limb without considerable posterior projection 2

2. Furca with more than 6 claws PHILOMEDINAE [part]

Furca with 5 or 6 claws PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE

PHILOMEDINAE Miiller, 1908

I recognize 6 genera in Philomedinae: Philomedes

Lilljeborg, 1853, Paraphilomedes Poulsen, 1962,

Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962, Scleroconcha Skogsberg, 1920, Anarthron Kornicker, 1975, and I gene

Kornicker, 1975.

DIAGNOSIS.—Sensory bristle of 1st antenna of

adult male with long filaments concentrated along

an elongate widened segment occupying the proximal one-third to two-thirds of the bristle (the

proximal edge of the widened part not projecting

backward). End joint of 6th limb with considerable

posterior projection (except for Igene and some

species of Euphilomedes). Third joint of expodite

of 2nd antenna of adult male much longer than

2nd joint. Bristles on list of caudal infold slender,

usually bare (except in Euphilomedes ferox).
NUMBER 260

13

Key to the Genera of Philomedinae

1. Each lamella of furca with 6 claws Euphilomedes bradyi Poulsen

Each lamella of furca with more than 6 claws 2

2. Endopodite of female 2nd antenna with single joint Paraphilomedes

Endopodite of female 2nd antenna with 2 joints 3

3. Carapace of female with 2 or more horizontal ribs (absent or redticed on male) 4

Carapace without horizontal ribs 5

4. Rod-shaped organ with about 15 sutures Scleroconcha

Rod-shaped organ with wrinkles or few sutures Anarthron

5. Furca with secondary claws between primary claws Euphilomedes

Furca without secondary claws, or secondary claws following primary claws 6

6. Rod-shaped organ rodlike, long Philomedes

Rod-shaped organ conelike, short tgene

PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE Kornicker, 1967

I recognize 4 genera in Pseudophilomedinae:

Pseudophilomedes Miiller, 1893, Paramekodon

Brady and Norman, 1896, Tetragonodon Brady and

Norman, 1896, and Harbansus, new genus.

DIAGNOSIS.—Sensory bristle of 1st antenna of adult

male with long filaments concentrated on bulbous

segment occupying about the proximal one-fifth of

the bristle (the proximal edge of the bulb projecting

backwards). End joint of the 6th limb with relatively slight posterior projection. Third joint of

exopodite of 2nd antenna of adult male slightly

shorter than 2nd joint. Bristles on list of caudal

infold broad, spinous, frondlike.

Key to the Genera of Pseudophilomedinae

Tooth of 2nd exopodial joint of 5th limb of adult females or juvenile males and females

with saberlike prolongation 2

Tooth of 2nd exopodial joint of 5th limb of adult females or juvenile males and females

without saberlike prolongation 3

7th joint of female 1st antenna with b-bristle Pseudophilomedes

7th joint of female 1st antenna without b-bristle Paramekodon

Rod-shaped organ elongate Harbansus, new genus

Rod-shaped organ lacking Tetragondon

Harbansus, new genus

ETYMOLOGY.—The genus is named after Harbans

S. Puri, Florida Geological Survey, who has contributed much to the knowledge of Ostracoda.

Gender masculine.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Harbansus bradmyersi, new species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of the genus have been

collected off the coast of Spanish Sahara at a depth

of 260 m; in the Peru-Chile Trench off Peru at a

depth of 991-1015 m; in the Bahamas at depths of

1-20 m; in Biscayne Bay, Florida, at subtidal depths;

in Placida Harbor, Florida, at depths of 1-3 m; in

Similk Bay, Washington, at a depth of 4.9 m; off

Oxnard, California, at depths of 18.3-27.4 m; off

Catalina Island, California, at depths of 10.7 and

414 m; off Laguna Beach, California, at a depth of

12.5 m; on Heald Bank, Gulf of Mexico, off Texas,

at a depth of about 15 m; off Beaufort, North Carolina, at depths of 160-198 m; at the edge of the

continental shelf off New Jersey; in Kaneohe Bay,

Oahu, Hawaii, at a depth of 2 m; off Tarpon

Springs, Florida, at a depth of 2.23 m; Carrie Bow

Cay and Twin Cays, Belize, at depths of 15 cm to

24 m; in the Gulf of Mexico off Galveston, Texas,

at depths of 49.25-57.75 m; off Santa Rosa Island,

California, at a depth of 140 m; off Guadalupe

Island, Mexico, at depths of 73.2-102.4 m.

TERMINOLOGY.—Species in this genus have on the

mandibular basale 2-5 bristles on the medial surface,

3 bristles on the dorsal margin, 1 terminal bristle

on the ventral margin, and 2-3 bristles on the

lateral surface. On some specimens the lateral bristles
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 2.—Morphological characters of adult females of species of Harbansus

Morphological characte

Carapace, length (urn)

Rostral infold, number of

bristles

Caudal process infold, number of

Lac

nt (-).

First antenna, number of bristles

2nd joint (ventral/dorsal/lateral) .

3rd joint (ventral/dorsal)

4th joint (ventral/dorsal)

Second antenna, exopodite

Some bristles with (+), or without (-)

natatory hairs

Some bristles with ventral spines (+)

9th joint, number of bristles. . . .

Second antenna, endopodite

1st joint, number of bristles. . . .

2nd joint, number of spines or

bristles (ventral/terminal) . . .

Mandible, number of bristles

Basale

Lateral surfacef

Dorsal margin

Medial surface

2nd endopodite joint, ventral

margin (proximal group/distal

group)

End joint, number of claws

Short claw as percent of

longest claw

Sixth limb, number of eplpodlal bristles

End joint, number of bristles. .

End joint, not prolonged

posteriorly (+)

Seve

Terminus, number of pegs

rca, number of claws

Claw 3, secondary type <+)

6-7

6-7

0/1/0

1/2

2/1

0/1/0

1/2

2/1

2-3

5-6

3-4

1/1

0.96

4-6

0.96-1.06 1.34-1.44 0.92-1.14

l?cab

1.18 1.26

4 4-6

1/1/0

1/2

1/2

1/1/0

1/2

2/2

0/1/0

1/2

2/1

1/1/0

1/2

2/1

0/1/0

1/2

3/1

0/1/0

1/2

3/2

0/1/0

1/2

2/1

0/1/0

1/2

2/1

aData from Kornicker (1958) and herein.

l>Data from Kornicker (1970, 1975) and herein.

CData pertains to A-U ; from Kornicker and Caraion (1977).

"The adult female could have natatory bristles.

'These bristles on some specimens have bases on ventral mar

have their bases on the ventral margin. These are

assumed to have migrated from the lateral surface

and are considered herein to be lateral bristles.

Thus, except for the terminal bristle on the ventral

margin, bristles with bases on the ventral margin

are termed lateral bristles.

Some of the morphological characters of the species are compared in Table 2.

DIAGNOSIS.—Carapace: In adult female, small

(0.80-1.44 mm) with prominent rostrum and small

backward projecting caudal process. Faint horizontal ribs present on H. bradmyersi and H. paucichelatus, strong ribs on H. species B. Edge of valve

medial to anterior end of rostrum of H. schornikovi

oblique, on remaining species edge parallel to rostral margin. Infold of rostrum with 3-8 spinous

bristles; infold of caudal process with 5-7 frondlike

bristles along posterior part of list. Surface of carapace with distinct fossae.

First Antenna: Second joint with 1 dorsal bristle,

1 or no ventral bristles, and no lateral bristles;

3rd joint with 1 ventral and 2 dorsal bristles; 4th

joint with 2 or 3 ventral and 1 or 2 dorsal bristles.

Second Antenna: Ninth joint of exopodite with

2 or 3 bristles (rarely 1); exopodial bristles of adult

females of H. Paucichelatus with natatory hairs,

adult females of other known species without natatory bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1-4 bristles,

2nd joint of adult female elongate with 1 ventral

and 1 or no terminal bristles, or minute with 1

bristle (H. bowenae). Harbansus mayeri and H.

species A with minute 3rd joint with terminal

bristle.

Mandible: Dorsal margin of basale with 1 mid-
NUMBER 260 15

bristle and 2 terminal bristles; medial surface with

2-4 bristles; lateral surface with 2-3 bristles; ventral

margin of 2nd endopodial joint with bristles forming 2 distal groups (1-2 bristles in proximal group;

2-3 bristles in terminal group).

Fifth Limb: Main tooth of female with single

bifurcate tooth or with 4 or 5 teeth similar to species of Philomedes. Large tooth of 2nd exopodial

joint squarish, without long projection like on species of Pseudophilomedes and Paramekodon.

Sixth Limb: A single bristle in place of epipodial

appendage; end joint with 6-8 bristles and not projecting posteriorly.

Seventh Limb: Each limb of adult female with

6-8 bristles, 2 in proximal group, 4-6 in terminal

group. Terminus with 2—5 pegs opposite comb.

(Only the A—1 male of H. schornikovi is known; its

7th limb bears no proximal and 4 terminal bristles.)

Furca: Each limb with 5 or 6 claws: claws 3, 5, 6

(when present), secondary; claws 1, 2, 4 stout,

primary.

Rod-shaped Organ: Organ of H. schornikovi

elongate with suture near middle; of H. rhabdion

very short, without sutures; of remaining species

elongate, with 3-7 sutures.

Lateral Eyes: Adult female either without eyes

or with minute eyes.

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM.—Adult males are known for

only H. paucichelatus and H. dayi. In general, dimorphism is similar to that which occurs in other

genera of Philomedidae.

Carapace: The caudal process is somewhat

broader on males than on females of both H. dayi

and H. paucichelatus.

First Antenna: The 5th joint of the male is small,

triangular, and wedged ventrally between the 4th

and 6th joints. The proximal part of the sensory

bristle of the 5th joint is bulbous and bears numerous long slender filaments. On the adult male of

H. paucichelatus ventral bristles are lacking on the

3rd and 4th joints.

Second Antenna: The endopodite of the adult

female is 1- or 2-jointed, whereas the endopodite of

the adult male is 3 jointed with the 3rd joint capable of being reflexed on the 2nd. The exopodite

of the female and juvenile males and females of H.

dayi bears some bristles with ventral spines, but

none with natatory hairs, whereas the adult male

exopodite bears some bristles with natatory hairs,

but none with ventral spines. Both the male and

female exopodite of H. paucichelatus bear some

bristles with natatory hairs and ventral spines, but

the bristles of the female bear more ventral spines

than do the bristles of the male.

Mandible: The coxale endite of the adult female

is large with a bifurcate tip, whereas the coxale

endite of the adult male is represented by a minute

spine (so small that even with X 100 magnification

it is difficult to be certain of its presence).

Maxilla and 5th Limb: Reduced with weakly developed bristles on endopodite of maxilla and exopodite of 5th limb of adult male.

Seventh Limb: Adult male of H. paucichelatus

lacks 7th limbs. The 7th limb of the adult male of

H. dayi bears fewer bristles than are present on the

limb of the adult female. Lack of a 7th limb has

not been reported for any other species of the

Philomedidae. Extreme reduction of the 7th limb is

common in species of the Sarsiellidae.

Furca: In general similar in both sexes, except

for a reduction in marginal teeth on the stout

claws in the adult male of H. dayi.

Lateral Eye: The adult female of H. dayi is without lateral eyes, whereas the male has small lateral

eyes with 5 ommatidia. The adult female of H.

paucichelatus bears small lateral eyes with 3-5

ommatidia, whereas the adult male bears large eyes

with about 11 ommatidia.

COMPARISONS.—Species of the new genus Harbansus differ from those of Paraphilomedes in lacking 2 small horns at the dorsal margin of the carapace, and from those of Pseudophilomedes and

Paramekodon in lacking the prolonged spearlike

tip on the tooth of the 2nd exopodial joint of the

5th limb. Members of Harbansus differ from members of Scleroconcha, Anarthron, and Philomedes in

the following ways: species of Harbansus have fewer

furcal claws; the end joint of the 6th limb does not

project backward; and both the 1st endopodial joint

and the 9th exopodial joint of the 2nd antenna

have fewer bristles. The last 2 characters also help

distinguish Harbansus from Euphilomedes. The

only species of Euphilomedes that has as few as 6

furcal claws is E. bradyi Poulsen, 1962. E. bradyi

is not included in Harbansus because it has a backward projecting end joint on the 6th limb and only

1 claw on the end joint of the mandible. Members

of the genus Igene differ from those of Harbansus

in having many more furcal claws and 6 bristles on
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

the 9th exopodial joint of the 2nd antenna. Harbansus rhabdion and Igene xoalleni Kornicker, 1975,

have in common the presence of a short rod-shaped

organ; other known species of Harbansus have a

long rod-shaped organ. The infolds of the rostral

process of species of Harbansus have fewer bristles

than present on most species in other genera. Harbansus has frondlike bristles on the infold of the

caudal process; these bristles occur elsewhere only

on species of Tetragonodon, Pseudophilomedes,

Paramekodon, and on Euphilomedes ferox. Species

of Tetragonodon differ from those of Harbansus in

having more furcal claws and in lacking a rodshaped organ. The carapace of some species of Harbansus resembles that of Streptoleberis crenulata

Brady, 1890, a species correctly referred by Miiller

(1912:51) to the category "Cypridinidarum genera

dubia et species dubiae."

Key to the Species of Harbansus

1. Carapace with lateral ribs 2

Carapace without lateral ribs 3

2. Tip of 2nd joint of endopodite of female 2nd antenna bare or with minute spine

H.paucich flatus

Tip of 2nd joint of endopodite of female 2nd antenna with short bristle 4

3. Edge of valve cuts obliquely across distal end of rostrum H. schornikovi

Edge of valve parallel to distal end of rostrum 5

4. Upper lateral rib of carapace forming distinct angle with dorsal margin H. species B

Upper lateral rib of carapace horizontal H. bradmyersi, new species

5. Rod-shaped organ very short H. rhabdion

Rod-shaped organ long 6

6. End joint of endopodite of female 2nd antenna minute H. bowenae, new species

End joint of endopodite of female 2nd antenna elongate 7

7. End joint of endopodite of female 2nd antenna bare H. dayi, new species

End joint of endopodite of female 2nd antenna with terminal bristle 8

8. Rostral infold of adult female with 4 bristles H. species A

Rostral infold of adult female with 7-8 bristles 9

9. Distal group of bristles on ventral margin of 2nd endopodial joint of mandible with

2 bristles H. mayeri, new species

Distal group of bristles on ventral margin of 2nd endopodial joint of mandible with 2

bristles plus a long claw H. barnardi, new species

Harbansus paucichelatus (Kornicker, 1958),

new combination

FIGURES 5-9; PLATES 1, 2

Philomedes paucichelata Kornicker, 1958:233, figs. 46, 4A,B,

54A-E, 55A-C, 87B,E,H.

Euphilomedes paucichelata.—Kornicker, 1970:36.

HOLOTVPE.—USNM 122905, dry specimen in poor

condition.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bimini Islands, Bahamas.

MATERIAL.—Belize: Sta 9: USNM 156981, 1 specimen; sta 16:

USNM 156988, 1 adult male, USNM 156980, 156970, 10 specimens; sta 20: USNM 156991, 1 specimen; sta 24: USNM

157321. 1 specimen; sta 47: USNM 156990, 2 specimens; sta

62: USNM 157320, 1 ovigerous female.

Florida: Anclote Anchorage, sta 30: USXM 156992, 1 adult

male. Biscayne Bay: USNM 156740, 1 specimen. Placida Harbor: sample 3: USNM 150107, 1 ovigerous female; USNM

151160, 1 adult female; USXM 151985, 25 specimens including 1 ovigerous female; USNM 151988, 1 ovigerous female;

USNM 152302, 152309, 2 specimens; sample 4: USNM 149329,

1 ovigerous female; sample 5: USNM 151987, 1 adult female

with 1 large egg either in marsupium or unextruded; USNM

151986, 2 specimens. Virginia Key: USNM 156738, 2 specimens including 1 ovigerous female.

Texas: Gulf of Mexico, off Galveston, R/V Gyre: Cruise 10:

sta 8: USNM 156885, 156818, 156821, 5 specimens; sta 16:

USNM 156905, 2 specimens; cruise 11: sta 1: USNM 156895,

156899, 3 specimens; sta 2: USXM 156894, 156881, 156900, 6

specimens; sta 5: USNM 156890, 156893, 4 specimens; sta 7:

USNM 156823, 156886, 156888, 17 specimens; sta 8: USNM

156903, 156822, 5 specimens; sta 9, USNM 156827, 156896,

156879, 13 specimens; sta 11, USNM 156820, 156898, 156902,

13 specimens; sta 12: USXM 156880, 156882, 156883, 8 specimens. Gulf of Mexico, Heald Bank: USXM 96478, 1 ovigerous

female.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bahamas; Belize; Florida: Anclote Anchorage, Biscayne Bay, Placida Harbor,

Virginia Key; Texas: Gulf of Mexico off Galveston
NUMBER 260 17

FIGURE 5.—Harbamus paucirhelatus (Kornicker, 1958), adult

female, USNM 149329, length 0.92 mm, complete specimen,

dorsal and lateral views.

and on Heald Bank. Known depth range 15 cm to

57.75 m.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE

(Figures 5-8; Plates 1, 2).—Carapace: Elongate with

long narrow rostrum and small projecting caudal

process; shallow vertical sulcus present on dorsal

half of shell near middle (Figure 5); outline of sides

parallel in dorsal view.

Ornamentation: Each valve with 2 horizontal

ribs, upper rib dorsal to central adductor muscle

scars and extending onto rostrum, but not projecting past rostrum, lower rib ventral to central adductor muscle scars; carapace with shallow fossae containing roughly concentric cresentic ridges (Plates

\a,d, 2a,b); bottom of fossae with (1) small nodes

with central pit and (2) some flat-bottomed pits and

low nodes (Plate 2b,c); area between fossae with {1)

rimmed flat-bottomed pits containing ring of about

12 pustules on bottom (Plates \e,f, 2b,c), (2) low

nodes with central pit surrounded by 6-7 pustules

(Plate \e,f), and (3) open pores rimmed with

pustules (Plate \b,c,c); short blunt spines scattered

over valve surface (these appear white in photographs) (Plates lc,e,f, 2b,c); long bristles emerging

from pore surrounded by wrinkled rims (Plate

\b,c); thin long rods shown on Plates \e,f and 2c

may be bristles; pustulose surface of valves visible

only at high magnification (Plate \b,c,e,f).

Infold: Infold of rostrum with 4 long spinous

bristles (Figure 6a; Plate 2d); anteroventral infold

with short bristle below inner end of incisur and

with about 6 ridges parallel to valve margin; posteroventral and posterior infold with about 8 short

bristles near inner margin of infold; ridge on infold

of caudal process with 6 frondlike bristles (Figure

66; Plate 2e,f).

Selvage: Fringed lamellar prolongation present

along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins of

each valve (Plate la).

Size: USNM 96478, length 0.96 mm, height

0.55 mm; USNM 149329, length 0.92 mm, height

0.56 mm; USNM 150107, length 0.91 mm, height

0.60 mm; USNM 156818, length 0.93 mm, height

0.55 mm; USNM 151160, length 0.96 mm, height

0.59 mm; USNM 151985, length 0.96 mm, height

0.57 mm; USNM 151988, length 0.94 mm, height

0.56 mm; USNM 151987, length 0.90 mm, height

0.57 mm; USNM 156738, length 1.03 mm, height

0.61 mm. Specimens reported from the Bahamas by

Kornicker (1958:234) are not as long as the Florida

specimens: 0.80-0.87 mm (Bahamas) compared to

0.90-1.03 mm (Florida).

First Antenna (Figure 6c): 1st joint: dorsal margin and medial surface spinous; lateral surface with

few spines. 2nd joint: spinous, with 1 short dorsal

bristle with long proximal spines. 3rd joint: short

with 3 bristles (1 ventral, 2 dorsal). 4th joint: few

proximal spines on medial surface and with 3

bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal). 5th joint: sensory

bristle with 2 short proximal filaments and 4 distal

filaments including stem (1 short, 3 long). 6th joint:

medial bristle of about half length of a-bristle of

7th joint. 7th joint: a-bristle with marginal spines;

b-bristle about three-fourths length of sensory

bristle of 5th joint, with 1 short distal filament

excluding stem (may also have short proximal filament?); c-bristle about same length as sensory bristle,

with 5 filaments excluding stem. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare with blunt tips, about same length

as c-bristle; f-bristle about same length as c-bristle,

with 4—5 filaments excluding stem; g-bristle same

length as f-bristle, with 5 filaments excluding stem.

Second Antenna: Protopodite with spines forming

rows on dorsal half of medial surface, but without

medial bristle. Endopodite 2-jointed (Figures 6e,
18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 6.—Harbamns paucichelatus (Kornicker, 1958), adult female, USNM 149329, length

0.92 mm: a, rostrum of right valve, inside view; b caudal process of right valve, inside view; c,

left 1st antenna, medial view; d, exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; e, endopodite

of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, right mandible, lateral view.
NUMBER 260 19

FIGURE 7.—Harbansus paucichelatus (Kornicker, 1958), adult female, USNM 149329, length

0.92 mm: a, right maxilla, medial view; b, distal part of right 5th limb, anterior view; c, distal

part of left 5th limb, anterior view; d, left 6th limb, medial view; e, distal part of 7th limb;

/, left side of posterior end of body showing left lamella of furca, Y-sclerite, and genital organ;

g, right lamella of furca; h, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; i, anterior of body showing medial

eye, rod-shaped organ, anterior and lateral processes, upper and lower lips, and mouth. Adult

female, USNM 151160, length 0.96 mm: ;, right lateral eye.
20

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 8.—Variability of the endopodites of the 2nd antennae of adult females of Harbansus paucichelatus (Kornicker,

1958), USNM 150107: a, left endopodite, lateral view; b,

right endopodite, medial view (bristles of basal segment not

shown). USNM 151988: c, left endopodite, medial view; d,

right endopodite, medial view. USNM 151160: e, left endopodite, medial view; /, right endopodite, lateral view. USNM

151987: g, right endopodite, lateral view; h, left endopodite,

lateral view.

8): 1st joint with 2 short bristles; 2nd joint elongate

with 1 long midbristle on ventral margin; tip bare

or with minute spine on dorsal margin. Exopodite

(Figure 6d): 1st joint with small medial spine on

distal margin; joints 2-8 with spines forming row

along distal margin, bristle of 2nd joint with few

long proximal hairs on dorsal margin, £-16 spines

along middle of ventral margin, and distal natatory

hairs; bristles of joints 2-8 with few long proximal

hairs on dorsal margin, 8-10 stout proximal spines

along ventral margin, and distal natatory hairs; 9th

joint with 2 bristles, ventral bristle with stout

spines proximally along ventral margin and distal

natatory hairs, dorsal bristle about one-half length

of ventral bristle, with short marginal spines, basal

spines absent, but 9th joint with minute lateral

spine.

Mandible (Figure 6/): Coxale endite bifurcate;

no small bristle at base. Basale: medial surface

spinous with 2 short bristles near ventral margin

(1 proximal, 1 near middle); lateral surface with

few spines and 2 short spinous bristles near ventral

margin; ventral margin with 1 medium terminal

bristle; dorsal margin with 3 bristles (1 near middle,

2 terminal). Exopodite: one-half to three-fourths

length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint,

hirsute near tip, with 2 bristles (outer bristle about

one-fourth length of inner bristle). Endopodite: 1st

joint with 3 terminal ventral bristles (2 long, I

short); ventral margin of 2nd endopodite joint with

distal bristles forming 2 groups, each with 2 bristles;

dorsal margin with 5 bristles near middle, proximal

2 of these short (1 of the proximal bristles not

shown in Figure 6/); end joint with 3 claws and 3

bristles, dorsal claw very short, all claws with minute

ventral spines.

Maxilla (Figure la): Endites I and II with 6

distal bristles; endite III with 1 proximal and 4

distal bristles (proximal bristle lateral and could

be considered to be on basale). Precoxale with transparent fringed epipodial appendage along dorsal

margin. Coxale with stout hirsute dorsal bristle.

Basale with 3 long bristles along distal margin.

Exopodite short with 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short).

Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 «-bristle and 2 J3-

bristles; end joint with 2 a-bristles and 7 terminal

bristles, including 2 stout pectinate clawlike bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 7b,c): Epipodial appendage

with 35-36 bristles. Endite I with 1 short bristle;

endite II with about 5 bristles; endite III with

about 8 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with anterior

side with 1 bristle near middle of distal margin,

main tooth with 3 constituent teeth (proximal of

these small, peglike, other 2 trilobate), short spinous

bristle present proximal to peglike tooth; 2nd joint

with distal margin of large tooth almost straight,

forming right angle with outer edge, inner edge of

joint concave with prominent node near middle

and on anterior side, bristles of posterior side not

clearly observed on USNM 149329; 3rd joint with

outer lobe with 2 bristles, inner lobe with 3; 4th

and 5th joint hirsute, with 5 bristles. (Appendage
NUMBER 260 21

could be interpreted as having 4 endites with 1

bristle on 1st and 2nd endites, 4 on 3rd, 8 on 4th.)

Sixth Limb (Figure Id): 1 short spinous bristle

in place of epipodial appendage; endite I with 3

spinous bristles (2 short, 1 long); endite II with 3

terminal bristles; endites III and IV with 5 terminal bristles; end joint not prolonged posteriorly,

with 6 bristles (4 anterior bristles spinous, 2 posterior bristles plumose), hairs present on margin of

end joint, proximal lateral surface of end joint, and

on lateral surface in vicinity of epipodial bristle.

Seventh Limb (Figure 7e): Each limb with 6

bristles (2 proximal, 4 terminal), each bristle with

marginal spines and 2-4 bells; terminal comb with

about 6 teeth; 2-3 spinous pegs present opposite

comb.

Furca (Figure 7/,g): Each lamella with 5 or 6

claws: claws 1, 2, 4 stout; claw 3 and claws following claw 4 short, slender; claw 3 shorter than claw

4; stout claws with teeth along posterior margin;

short slender claws with slender spines along posterior margins; long hairs at bases of some claws

and on lamellae posterior to claws. (The furca illustrated in Figure 7/ which bears 7 claws is considered

aberrant.)

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure lh,i): Elongate with

3-4 faint sutures in proximal half; tip rounded with

minute nipple. (Proximal segmentation more evident by spacing in sclerotized exoskeleton of organ

than by sutures.)

Eyes (Figure lh-j): Medial eye pigmented, bare;

lateral eye small with 3 to 5 minute ommatidia.

Upper Lip (Figure li): With anterior hairs or

processes; lateral process present on each side between upper lip and medial eye.

Y-Sclerite (Figure If): Normal for family.

Genitalia (Figure 7/): Sclerotized oval on each

side proximal to furca.

Eggs: USNM 149329 with 3; USNM 150107 with

1; USNM 151985 with 3; USNM 151987 with 1;

USNM 151988 with 1; USNM 156738 with 6.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figure 9).—Except

for having a somwhat broader rostrum and caudal

process, carapace of male similar in shape and

ornamentation to that of adult female (Figure

9a,b); anterior edge of rostrum with about 8 minute

teeth. Inner end of incisur with 2 bristles.

Infold: Infold of rostrum with 4 long bristles; 1

short bristle on infold ventral to inner end of incisur; ridge on infold of caudal process with 5

frondlike bristles.

Size: USNM 156992, length 0.84 mm, height 0.47

mm; USNM 156988, length 0.93 mm, height 0.49

mm.

First Antenna (Figure 9c) 1st joint: spines forming rows on medial surface. 2nd joint: 1 hirsute dorsal bristle. 3rd joint: short with 2 hirsute dorsal

bristles, no ventral bristles. 4th joint: 1 dorsal

bristle, no ventral bristles. 5th joint: wedged ventrally between 4th and 6th joints; 5th joint sensory bristle with bulbous proximal part with

abundant filaments, and stem with 3 filaments near

middle and 2 spines at tip. 6th joint: medial bristle

with short marginal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle

spinous, longer than bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle

one-third longer than a-bristle, with 1 distal filament

and 2 minute spines at tip; c-bristle longer than

sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 4 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles

slightly shorter than c-bristle, bare with blunt tips

(both bristles broken on illustrated appendage);

f-bristle slightly shorter than c-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments and 2 minute spines at tip; g-bristle

same length as c-bristle, with 5-marginal filaments

and spine at tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare (Figure 9d).

Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure 9a,d): 1st joint short

with 4 short anterior bristles; 2nd joint elongate,

with 2 long proximal bristles; 3rd joint elongate,

reflexed, with 2 short bristles near sclerotized beaklike tip. Exopodite: 1st joint elongate with minute

terminal medial bristle; 2nd joint slightly larger

than 3rd, bristle of 2nd joint with 3 proximal hairs

on dorsal margin followed by 6-10 stout spines on

ventral margin, and also natatory hairs on both

margins; bristles of joints 3-8 longer than bristle of

2nd joint, with more proximal hairs on dorsal margin than on bristle of 2nd joint, with only 3 or 4

stout spines on ventral margin, and also natatory

hairs on both margins; 9th joint with 2 bristles

(dorsal bristle shorter than ventral bristle and with

3 slender spines on dorsal margin followed by

natatory hairs on both margins, ventral bristle with

natatory hairs); joints 2-9 with short spines forming

row along distal margin, no basal spines; joints of

bristles with spines longer than joints with natatory

hairs.
22

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 9.—Harbansus paucichelatus (Kornicker, 1958), adult male, USNM 156992, length 0.84

mm: a, complete specimen showing right lateral eye, outline of central adductor muscle scar

area, outline of protopodite of 2nd antenna, and extended endopodites of the left and right

2nd antennae. USNM 156988, length 0.93 mm: b, outline of complete specimen showing outline

of left lateral eye; c, left 1st antenna, medial view; d, protopodite and endopodite of left 2nd

antenna, medial view; e, right mandible, medial view; /, 5th limb; g, left 6th limb, lateral view;

h, left lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; i, upper lip, anterior to left; /, k, right

medial and left lateral copulatory limbs.

Mandible (Figure 9e): Coxale endite represented

by minute, faint spine. Basale: medial surface spinous, with 2 short bristles near ventral margin {1

proximal, 1 near middle); ventral margin with 1

long spinous subterminal bristle; dorsal margin with

3 long bristles (2 terminal, 1 near middle); lateral

surface with 2 spinous bristles with bases near or

on ventral margin. Exopodite spinous, reaching

past middle of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial

joint, with 1 long and 1 short bristle. Endopodite
NUMBER 260 23

narrow: 1st joint with medial spines and 3 ventral

bristles (2 long, 1 short); 2nd joint with ventral

margin with bristles forming 2 distal groups, each

with 2 bristles, middle of dorsal margin with 5

bristles, medial surface of joint with spines forming

rows; end joint with 2 long claws with ventral

spines and few distal dorsal teeth, 1 short dorsal

bristle (in place of usual claw), and 1 ventral bristle.

Maxilla: Limb reduced and with weakly developed bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 9/): Endites and exopodite

weakly developed. Endite I with 2 weak bristles;

endite II with about 3 weak bristles; endite III with

about 4 bristles, 2 of these finger-formed. Exopodite:

1st and 2nd joints with bristles obscure but with 1

or 2 finger-formed bristles; 3rd joint with outer

lobe with 2 slender ringed bristles, inner lobe

obscure but possibly with 3 bristles; end joint with

4 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 9g): Only 3 endites present

(possibly 4th endite and end joint are fused). Endite

I with 3 small bristles; endite II with 3 spinous and

hirsute bristles; endite III with 5 spinous and hirsute bristles; end joint with 12 bristles, posterior 2

of these stout, hirsute; limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb: Absent on both specimens in collection.

Furca: Each lamella with 5 or 6 claws: claws 1,

2, 4 stout; claw 3 and claws following claw 4 slender,

shorter than claw 4; all claws with teeth or- slender

spines along posterior margins.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 9h): Elongate with 4

faint sutures on middle part, tip rounded.

Eyes (Figure 9h): Medial eye pigmented, bare;

lateral eye about same size as medial eye, pigmented,

with about 12 ommatidia.

Upper Lip (Figure 9i): Helmet-shaped.

Genitalia (Figure 9j,k): Each limb elongate,

lobate, with terminal process with marginal teeth.

Harbansus rhabdion (Kornicker, 1970),

new combination

FIGURE 10

Euphilomedes rhabdion Kornicker, 1970:32, figs, 21-23.

Tetragonodon rhabdion (Kornicker).—Kornicker, 1975:76,

224, 367.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 123611, A-l? female, length

1.24 mm.

FIGURE 10.—Harbansus rhabdion (Kornicker, 1970), A-l? female, holotype, USNM 123611, length 1.24 mm, left mandible, medial view: a, basale; b, distal part of 2nd endopodial

joint and 3rd endopodial joint (3 bristles of 3rd joint not

shown).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Peru-Chile trench, 07°59'S, 80°-

37'W, 991-1015 m.

MATERIAL.—Holotype; Peru-Chile trench, R/V Anton

Bruun, cruise 11: USNM 141106,1 ovigerous female.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from off Peru in

Peru-Chile trench.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE.—

Mandible (Figure 10): Basale with 4 medial bristles

and 3 lateral bristles (all near ventral margin), 1

terminal bristle on ventral margin, and 3 bristles on

dorsal margin (1 near middle, 2 terminal); ventral

margin of 2nd endopodial joint with 4 distal bristles

forming 2 groups with 2 bristles in each group; end

joint of endopodite with 3 bristles and 3 claws of

which dorsal claw is about 39 percent of the length

of longest claw.

Harbansus schornikovi (Kornicker and Caraion,

1977), new combination

FIGURE 11

Euphilomedes schornikovi Kornicker and Caraion, 1977:27,

figs. 19-22.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156644, A-l male, length

0.96 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Continental shelf off Spanish

Sahara, Africa, 21°47'00"N, 17°28'02"W, 260 m.

MATERIAL.—Holotype.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from type-locality.
24

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 11.—Harbansus schornikovi (Kornicker and Caraion,

1977), A-l male, holotype, USNM 156644, length 0.96 mm,

mandibles: a, basale of right mandible, medial view; b,

basale of left mandible, medial view; c, distal end of 2nd

endopodial joint and 3rd endopodial joint (bristles of 3rd

joint not shown).

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE.—

Mandible (Figure 11): Basale with 5 medial bristles

and 2 or 3 lateral bristles (all with bases near or on

ventral margin), 1 subterminal bristle on ventral

margin, and 3 bristles on dorsal margin (2 terminal,

1 near middle); ventral margin of 2nd endopodial

joint with 4 distal bristles forming 2 groups with

2 bristles in each group; end joint with 3 bristles

and 3 claws of which dorsal claw is about 36 percent

of the length of longest claw.

Harbansus bradmyersi, new species

FIGURES 12-14; PLATES 3-6

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Mr. Brad

L. Myers, Southern California Costal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California, who collected

the specimens.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 151989, 1 adult female, on

slides and in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—C-2 on continental shelf off

Oxnard, California, depth 18.3 m.

PARATYPES (all from California).—USNM 156688, 1 ovigerous female from sta OC-3; USNM 156689, 1 ovigerous female

from sta A-2; USNM 156690, 1 adult female from sta C-3;

USNM 156691, 1 adult female from sta C-2; USNM 156692, 1

ovigerous female from sta K-l; USNM 156693, 1 adult female

from sta OC-3. Specimens returned to Mr. Myers: 2 ovigerous

females from sta OC-3a; 1 ovigerous female from sta C-2c; 5

ovigerous females, 1 adult female without eggs, 1 juvenile or

FIGURE 12.—Harbansus bradmyersi, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 151989, length 0.95 mm, complete

specimen.

adult female without eggs, from sta OC-3b; 1 female without

eggs from off Santa Catalina Island.

DISTRIBUTION.—Off Oxnard, Laguna Beach, and

Santa Catalina Island, California. Known depth

range 10.7-27.4 m.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 12-14; Plates

3-6).—Carapace: Elongate with long narrow rostrum and small projecting caudal process (Figure

12); dorsal margin more convex than ventral margin; sides parallel in dorsal view.

Ornamentation: Each valve with 3 faint horizontal ribs (Plate 3a-c); upper rib dorsal to central

adductor muscle scars and extending onto rostrum,

but not projecting past rostrum; middle rib ventral

to central adductor muscle scars; lower rib just within ventral margin and not visible on all specimens;

carapace with large shallow fossae (Plates Sa-d,

4a, ba,b); surface with scattered long bristles mostly

along anterior, anterodorsal, and ventral margins

(Plates 3d-/, 4a-d, bb-e), some bristles bifurcate

(Plates Se, 4c, 5d,e); 2 bristles present at inner end

of incisur; bottom of fossae with crescents or

wrinkles (Plates 3d, 4a, ba,b); pustules visible on

surface at high magnification (Plate 4).

Infold: Infold of rostrum with 6 or 7 long bristles

(Figure 14c; Plates bf, 6a,b); anteroventral infold

with short bristle below inner end of incisur and

with about 4 ridges parallel to valve margin; 2 to

4 small bristles present on anteroventral infold

posterior to ridges; posteroventral infold with 6

short bristles near inner margin; ridge on infold of

caudal process with 6 or 7 frondlike bristles (Figure

I4d; Plate 6c-/); 1 short bristle present on posterior

infold dorsal to caudal process (Plate 6c).

Selvage: Fringed lamellar prolongation present

along anterior and ventral margins (Plates 3e, 6a);

fringe may not be present on lamellar prolongation
NUMBER 260 25

FIGURE 13.—Harbansus bradmyersi, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 151989,

length 0.95 mm: a, right 1st antenna, medial view; b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial

view; c, joints 7-9 of exopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; d, aberrant right mandible,

medial view; e, right maxilla, lateral view; /, distal end of right 5th limb, posterior view; g,

6th limb; h, posterior of body showing left lamella of furca, left genital organ, and left Y-sclerite.
26

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 14.—Harbansus bradmyersi, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 151989,

length 0.95 mm: a, distal end of 7th limb; b, medial eye and rod-shaped organ. Adult female,

paratype, USNM 156688, length 0.93 mm: c, anterior of right valve, inside view; d, caudal process of right valve, inside view; e, distal end of left mandible, medial view; /, 1st and 2nd exopodial joints of left 5th limb, anterior view.

along posterior margin dorsal to caudal process.

Size: USNM 151989, length 0.95 mm, height 0.54

mm; USNM 156688, length 0.93 mm, height 0.53

mm; USNM 156689, length 0.92 mm, height 0.56

mm; USNM 156690, length 0.94 mm, height 0.55

mm; 156691, length 0.91 mm, height 0.58 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 13a): 1st joint: spines on

medial surface and on ventral margin. 2nd joint:

1 dorsal bristle and spines along ventral and dorsal

margins. 3rd joint: 3 bristles (1 ventral, 2 dorsal)

and with few spines on medial surface and along

ventral margin. 4th joint: 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1

dorsal). 5th joint: sensory bristle with 2 short proximal filaments, I short distal filament, and 3 long

terminal filaments, including stem. 6th joint:

medial bristle about three-fourths to four-fifths

length of 5th joint. 7th joint: a-bristle about 3

times length of bristle of 6th joint, with short marginal spines; b-bristle about one-third longer than

a-bristle, with 1 short distal filament and bifurcate

tip; c-bristle with 1 short proximal filament, 2 short

distal filaments, and 3 long terminal filaments,

including stem. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare,

same length as c-bristle; f-bristle same length as cbristle, with 2 short proximal filaments, 1 short

distal filament, and 3 longer terminal filaments,
NUMBER 260 27

including stem; g-bristle about same length as fbristle, with 1 short filament near middle, 1 short

distal filament, and 3 longer terminal filaments,

including stem. (Not all short filaments on sensory

bristle and bristles of 7th and 8th joints shown in

Figure 13a.)

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

2-jointed (Figure 136): 1st joint short with 2 short

bristles; 2nd joint elongate with 1 long ventral

bristle near middle and 1 short terminal bristle.

Exopodite: distal margin of 1st joint with minute

medial bristle; bristle of joints 2-8 short, with stout

ventral spines, no natatory hairs; 9th joint with

2 bristles (Figures 13c), ventral of these about same

length as joints 2-9, with spines along ventral margin, also few along dorsal margin, dorsal bristle of

9th joint about same length as joints 5-9, with

slender spines along dorsal margin, also few slender

spines along ventral margin; joints 2-8 with spines

forming terminal row; minute basal spines on

some joints.

Mandible (Figures 13d, \4e): Coxale endite bifurcate, basal bristle not seen. Basale: spinous medial

side with 2 short proximal bristles near middle;

ventral margin with 1 long spinous distal bristle;

lateral side with 2 bristles near ventral margin;

dorsal margin with 1 bristle distal to middle and

2 terminals. Exopodite hirsute, reaching past middle

of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint, with 2

terminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with short

spines forming rows on medial surface, and 3 spinous terminal bristles (2 long, 1 short) on ventral

margin; 2nd joint with ventral margin with 4 distal

bristles forming 2 groups, each with 2 bristles,

middle of dorsal margin with 5 bristles; 3rd joint

with 3 bristles and 3 claws (2 long with ventral

spines, and 1 short, dorsal); USNM 151989 with

aberrant right mandible having 2 short ventral

bristles on 1st endopodial joint, no ventral bristles

on 2nd joint, and 2 claws and 4 bristles on 3rd

joint (Figure 13d).

Maxilla (Figure 13e): Endites I and II each with

6 bristles (not all shown in Figure ISe); endite III

with 1 proximal and 6 terminal bristles. Coxale

with spinous dorsal bristle. Basale with 3 long

bristles (1 lateral, 1 medial, 1 ventral). Exopodite

with 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short: inner long bristle

with 4 or 5 very long spines proximal to middle;

outer long bristle with short, faint, marginal spines;

short bristle bare). Endopodite (twisted in Figure

ISe): 1st joint with 1 a-bristle with long proximal

spines and 2 /3-bristles (lateral of these with swelling

at base); end joint with 9 bristles including 3 claws

(2 long stout, 1 short, ventral).

Fifth Limb (Figures 13/, 14/): Epipodial appendage with about 41 bristles. Endite I with 2 bristles;

endite II with 4 bristles; endite III with about 8

bristles (not all endite bristles shown in Figure 13/).

Exopodite: 1st joint with main tooth with well defined distal tooth having 2 main prongs and 2

smaller prongs, a 2nd large poorly defined tooth

near inner edge of distal tooth; anterior distal margin of 1st joint with 1 bristle; 2nd joint with posterior side with stout proximal bristle with marginal

spines and usual 3 bristles forming group (middle

of these longer and stouter than others and weakly

pectinate), large squarish tooth of 2nd joint with 2

nodes along inner margin; 3rd joint with 2 short

spinous bristles on outer lobe and 3 bristles on

inner lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused, with total of

5 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 13g): One short bristle in

place of epipodial appendage; endite I with 2 or

3 bristles; endite II with 3 terminal bristles; endite

III with 5 terminal bristles; endite IV with 4 or 5

terminal bristles; end joint not projecting posteriorly, with 8 marginal bristles; posterior 2 bristles

of end joint hirsute, remaining bristles and bristles

of endites with long proximal and short distal

spines; medial surface of limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 14a): 2 bristles in proximal

group (1 on each side); 4 bristles in distal group;

each bristle with up to 4 bells and distal marginal

spines; terminal comb with 6 recurved teeth; 3

spinous pegs present opposite comb.

Furca (Figure 13/?) : Each lamella with 6 claws;

claws 1, 2, and 4 stout; claws 3, 5, and 6 short,

slender; stout claws with teeth forming lateral and

medial row along concave margin; distal medial

teeth on claw larger than other teeth on claw;

short slender claws with spines along anterior and

posterior margins; hairs on lamella following claws

and at bases of some claws.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 14b): Elongate with

6 or 7 faint sutures in proximal half; distal half

with faint pustules on surface (faintly visible under

oil immersion); tip rounded.

Eyes: Medial eye pigmented, bare (Figure \4b);

lateral eyes small, faint, with 5 or 6 minute omma-
28

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

tidia, but eyes not visible on all specimens examined.

Y-Sclerite (Figure ISh): Typical for family.

Genitalia (Figure \Sh): Sclerotized oval on each

side proximal and anterior to furca.

Eggs: USNM 156688, 156689, 156692, each with

3 eggs.

Gut Content: USNM 151989 with unrecognizable

organic particles and many grains of sediment.

Species apparently detritus feeder.

Parasites: USNM 151989 and 156691 with 1 female choniostomatid copepod and 2 choniostomatid

egg clones.

COMPARISONS.—The new species H. bradmyersi is

closely related to H. paucichelatus (Kornicker, 1958).

The tip of the 2nd joint of the endopodite of the

female 2nd antenna of H. paucichelatus is either

bare or has a minute spine, whereas that of H. bradmyersi bears a short bristle. Also, some bristles of

the exopodite of the 2nd antenna of the adult

female H. paucichelatus are long and bear natatory

hairs, whereas, all the bristles on that limb of H.

bradmyersi are short and are without natatory hairs.

This indicates that adult females of H. paucichelatus are capable of swimming, whereas adult females of H. bradmyersi are restricted to burrowing.

The caudal furca of H. paucichelatus usually bears

5 claws compared to 6 on the furca of H. bradmyersi.

Harbansus mayeri, new species

FIGURES 15-17; PLATES 7, 8

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Mr. David

Mayer, Fisheries Research Institute, University of

Washington, who collected the specimens.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156694, ovigerous female, on

slides and in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—North side of Kiket Island,

Similk Bay, Washington, 122°35'50"W, 48°25'10"N.

PARATYPES.—Same locality as holotype: USNM 156695, 1

ovigerous female; USNM 156696, 1 ovigerous female; USNM

156697, 5 specimens including 3 adult females.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected only at type-locality.

Water depth 8 m.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 15-17;

Plates 7, 8).—Carapace: Elongate with long narrow

rostrum and small projecting caudal process (Figures 15, 16a); ventral margin more convex than

dorsal margin; sides parallel in dorsal view.

FIGURE 15.—Harbansus mayeri, new species, adult female,

paiatype, USNM 156696, length 1.06 mm, complete specimen.

Ornamentation: Valves without horizontal ribs,

but with upper and lower posterior nodes (nodes in

same position as posterior ends of upper and lower

ribs present on Harbansus bradmyersi); carapace

with large shallow fossae (Plates 7, Sa,b); prior to

cleaning of specimen with sonic vibrator all fossae

contained debris (Plate Sb). Flat bottom of fossae

with small nodes with central pit having peripheral

lip (Plates 7/, Sa,c,e); sides of nodes with concentric

rows of minute papillae (Plate Sc,e); area between

fossae with low nodes with central pit (Plate 86//,/);

bristles numerous along ventral margin (Plate 7a);

surface of carapace with few scattered bristles emerging from shallow fossae (Plates 7/, 8/); some bristles

with crenulations at base (Plate 8/).

Infold: Infold of rostrum with 7 or 8 long bristles

(Figures 16c, 17/); anteroventral infold with short

bristle below inner end of incisur and with about

5 ridges paralleling valve margin; posterior part of

ventral infold with 3 or 4 small bristles; ridge on

infold of caudal process with 5 or 6 frondlike

bristles (Figures 166, 17J); 1 short bristle on posterior infold dorsal to caudal process.

Selvage: Fringed lamellar prolongation present

along anterior and ventral margins; lamella divided

at incisur with anterior infold overlapping ventral

infold in lateral view.

Size: USNM 156694, length 0.96 mm, height 0.62

mm; USNM 156695, length 1.03 mm, height 0.66

mm; USNM 156696 (removed right valve), length

1.06 mm., height 0.60 mm; USNM 156697 (2 specimens), length 1.00 mm, height 0.60 mm, and length

1.00 mm, height 0.61 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 16d): 1st joint: medial and

lateral spines. 2nd joint: 1 short dorsal bristle. 3rd

joint: 3 bristles (1 ventral, 2 dorsal). 4th joint: 3

bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal). 5th joint: sensory
NUMBER 260 29

FIGURE 16.—Harbansus mayeri, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 156694, length 0.96

mm: a, left valve, inside view (infold bristles not shown); b, caudal process of left valve, inside

view; c, rostrum of left valve, inside view; d, left 1st antenna, lateral view; e, endopodite of

left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, left mandible, medial view; g, right maxilla, medial view; h,

left maxilla, medial view.
30

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 17.—Harbansus mayeri, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 156694, length 0.96

mm: a, distal end of 5th limb; b, 6th limb; c, distal end of 7th limb; d, left lamella of furca;

e, medial eye and rod-shaped organ (drawn with appendage under cover slip); /, left lateral eye

(drawn with X 100 objective and eye under cover slip); g, left genital organ and brushlike

organ; h, posterior showing posterior 2 claws of left lamella of furca, left Y-sclerite, and hairs at

upper part of posterior margin. Adult female, USNM 156696, length 1.06 mm: i, caudal

process of right valve, inside view; ;', rostrum of right valve, inside view; k, distal end of 5th

limb showing main tooth of 1st exopodial joint and part of tooth of 2nd exopodial joint,

anterior view.
NUMBER 260 31

bristle with 1 short distal marginal filament, 4 long

terminal filaments and 2 minute spines at tip of

stem. 6th joint: medial bristle short. 7th joint:

a-bristle about length of 5th joint; b-bristle about

twice length of a-bristle, with 1 short distal filament and 2 minute spines at tip of stem; c-bristle

about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint,

with 2 short proximal filaments, 2 short distal

filaments, and 3 long terminal filaments including stem, filaments with minute spine at tip, stem

with 2 minute spines at tip. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare, slightly longer than c-bristle, with

blunt tips; f-bristle about same length as c-bristle,

with 2 short proximal filaments, 1 short distal filament, and 3 long terminal filaments including stem,

minute spine at tip of filaments, 2 minute spines at

tip of stem; g-bristle slightly longer than f-bristle,

otherwise similar to f-bristle. (Not all filaments

shown on sensory bristle and bristles of 7th and

8th joints of Figure I6d.)

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 16e): 1st joint short with 2 short

anterior bristles; 2nd joint elongate with 1 long

spinous ventral bristle; 3rd joint minute with short

terminal bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with small

recurved terminal bristle; bristle of joints 2-8

short, with stout ventral spines, no natatory hairs;

9th joint with 2 bristles, ventral of these with spines

along ventral margin and more slender distal spines

along dorsal margin, dorsal bristle of 9th joint

about same length as joints 5-9, with slender spines

along ventral and dorsal margins, joints 2-8 with

spines forming terminal row; some joints with

minute basal spine; 9th joint with minute blunt

spine at dorsal corner medial to base of dorsal

bristle.

Mandible (Figure 16/): Coxale endite spinous,

bifurcate without minute bristle at base. Basale:

spinous medial side with 2 short bristles very close

to ventral margin (1 proximal, 1 near middle);

ventral margin with 1 fairly long, spinous, distal

bristle; lateral side near ventral margin with 2

short spinous bristles and long proximal hairs;

dorsal margin with 1 spinous bristle near middle

and 2 terminal. Exopodite hirsute, about two-thirds

length of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 terminal

bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with spines forming

rows on medial surface, and 3 ventral bristles (1

very short, 2 long spinous) on ventral margin; 2nd

joint with ventral margin with distal bristles forming 2 groups, each with 2 short spinous bristles,

middle of dorsal margin with 5 bristles; 3rd joint

with 3 bristles and 3 claws (dorsal claw very short).

Maxilla (Figure 16g,h): Endites I and II each with

about 6 bristles; endite III with 1 short proximal

bristle and about 6 terminal bristles. Precoxale with

dorsal fringe of long hairs. Coxale with spinous

dorsal bristle. Basale with 3 long bristles near terminal margin (1 lateral, 1 medial, 1 ventral).

Exopodite with 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 a-bristle with long proximal

spines and 2 ^-bristles; end joint with 8 or 9 bristles

including 3 claws (2 long stout, 1 short, medial).

Fifth Limb (Figure \la,k): Epipodial appendage

with 42 bristles. Endite I with 2 bristles; endite II

and 3 or 4 bristles; endite III with numerous bristles.

Exopodite: 1st joint with main tooth with 2 stout

teeth, bristles of 1st joint obscure on specimen

examined; 2nd joint consisting of large squarish

tooth; 3rd joint with 2 short spinous bristles on

outer lobe and 3 bristles on inner lobe; 4th and 5th

joints fused, with total of 5 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 176): Endite I obscure on

specimen examined but with at least 1 bristle;

endite II with 3 bristles; endites III and IV each

with 5 bristles; end joint not projecting posteriorly,

with 6 spinous anteroventral bristles separated by

space from 2 posterior hirsute bristles; 1 short

bristle in place of epipodial bristle.

Seventh Limb (Figure 17c): 2 bristles in proximal

group with 1 on each side; 4 bristles in distal group;

each bristle with up to 4 bells and distal marginal

spines; terminal comb with 6 recurved teeth op

posite 4 or 5 recurved alate pegs.

Furca (Figure 17rf): Each lamella with 6 claws:

claws 1, 2, and 4 stout; claws 3, 5, and 6 short,

slender; claw 1 with teeth forming medial and

lateral row, distal teeth larger than others; claws

2 and 4 with teeth along posterior margins; claws

3, 5, and 6 with very slender spinelike teeth along

posterior margins, and also with spines along distal

anterior margins; margin of lamella between claws

4 and 5, 5 and 6, and following claw 6, hirsute;

anterior margin of lamella with few hairs.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 17e): Elongate, with

4 or 5 weak proximal sutures, tip rounded.

Eyes: Medial eye pigmented, bare (Figure lie);

lateral eyes small, faint, unpigmented, with 4

ommatidia (Figure 17/).
32

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Posterior of Body (Figure 17/J): Dorsum evenly

rounded with faint hairs forming row.

Y-Sclerite (Figure \7h): Typical for family.

Genitalia (Figure 17g): Sclerotized oval on each

side proximal and anterior to furca.

Brushlike Organ (Figure 17g): Consisting of 5

minute bristles proximal to genitalia.

Eggs: USNM 156694 with 5; USNM 156695 with

6; USNM 156696 with 2 larvae and 5 empty egg

sheaths.

Parasites: Carapace of USNM 156694 with

stalked protistans (Plate 7a,e).

COMPARISONS.—The carapace of H. mayeri differs

from that of H. bradmyersi in lacking lateral ribs.

The rostral infold of H. mayeri bears 7-8 bristles

compared to only 4 on H. paucichelatus. The terminal bristle on the endopodite of the 2nd antenna

of the adult female of H. mayeri is on a minute

3rd joint not present on H. paucichelatus.

Harbansus dayi, new species

FIGURES 3/, 18-22; PLATES 9, 10

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. J. H.

Day, who collected some of the specimens.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156779, 1 undissected adult

female, length 1.40 mm, in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Continental shelf off North

Carolina, Beaufort Shelf Transect, sta 155 G.

ALLOTYPE.—USNM 156941, adult male from R/V

Columbus Iselin, sta F4-10, New Jersey shelf.

PARATYI'ES.—North Carolina shelf, Beaufort Shelf Transect:

sta 55 P: USNM 156776, 1 adult female; sta 253 M: USNM

156784, 1 ovigerous female; sta 256 Q-R: USNM 156786, 1

adult female; sta 251 N-P: USNM 156790, 1 adult female.

New Jersey shelf, R/V Columbus Iselin: sta F4-7: USNM

156914, 1 ovigerous female; USNM 156915, 10 specimens including ovigerous females; sta A4-11: USNM 157132, 1 female; USNM 156945, 1 A-l male; USNM 156946A,C, 2 A-l

males; USNM 156946B, 4 specimens; USNM 156946D, 1 adult

female; USNM 156947A, 1 A-2 or A-3 female; USNM

156947B, 1 juvenile female; USNM 156951, 1 specimen; sta

A4-12: USNM 156953A, 2 juvenile females; sta A4-9: USNM

156952A, 1 A-l male; USNM 15fi952B, 1 instar III male;

USNM 156952D, 1 juvenile male; USNM 156952E, 2 juveniles; USNM 156954, 1 A-l male; USNM 156958, 1 adult

female; sta A3-8: USNM 157111, 1 adult male; USNM 157112,

2 juveniles.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Carolina shelf at depths

of 160-198 m; New Jersey shelf at depths of 136-

196 m.

ONTOGENY.—I have interpreted USNM 156952B

as an instar III because of the absence of bristles

on the 7th limb and because the 6th limb bears

more than 1 bristle (refer to key to early instars,

Kornicker, 1969:3). I consider the specimen to be

male because of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna

having 3 joints with the 2nd joint bearing 2 ventral

bristles (Figure 22e). Poulsen (1962:351) interpreted

a somewhat similar endopodite on a juvenile of

Philomedes dentata Poulsen, 1962 to be that of a

female. My interpretation of the sex of the juvenile

H. dayi (USNM 156952B) is, I believe, supported

by the way in which its endopodite differs from a

specimen (USNM 156947A) that I interpret to be

a female because of the similarity of its endopodite

(Figure 226) to that of an A-l female (USNM 156953)

(Figure 22c). The endopodite of USNM 156947A

has only 2 joints and only 1 ventral bristle on the

2nd joint (Figure 226).

The endopodite of the 2nd antenna of juvenile

females of H. dayi differs from that of the adult

female in having a short terminal bristle on the

2nd joint. The tip of the 2nd joint is bare on adult

females. The loss of a bristle in this position is

unusual in the family Philomedidae. The ontogenetic development of the endopodite of the male is

normal for the subfamily (see Figures 2\d, 22e,g).

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 18-20;

Plates 9, 10).—Carapace: Elongate with narrow

rostrum and small projecting caudal process.

Ornamentation: Surface of valves with shallow

fossae but without horizontal ribs (Figures 18, 19a;

Plates 9a-e,g, 10a); minute nodes with central pore

present on bottom of fossae (Plate 10a,6); surface

FIGURE 18.—Harbansus dayi, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 156779, length 1.40 mm, complete specimen.
NUMBER 260

FIGURE 19.—Harbansus dayi, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156776, length 1.36 mm:

a, right valve showing location of central adductor muscle attachments (dashed circle) and some

fossae, outside view; b, rostrum of left valve, inside view; r, caudal process of left valve, inside

view; d, right 1st antenna, medial view; e, endopodite and exopodite of right 2nd antenna,

medial view; /, right mandible, medial view; g, tip of left mandible, lateral view (only 2 of the

claws on end joint shown).
34

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

between fossae with simple pores and minute pustules, (Plate 10a,c-/), the latter also present in fossae

(Plate 106); some parts of surface of USNM 156776

with spaghetti-like structure, possibly a foreign

growth (Plate 10c-/); bristles present along ventral

margin and sparsely distributed over valve surface

(Plates 9e, 10a); 2 bristles present on inner end of

incisur; faint sinus in dorsal part of shell above

FIGURE 20.—Harbansus dayi, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156776, length 1.36 mm:

a, maxilla; b, 6th limb; c, distal end of right 5th limb, anterior view; d, distal end of 7th limb;

e, anterior of body showing medial eye, rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip; /,

posterior of body showing right lamella of furca, genitalia, and right Y-sclerite.
NUMBER 260 35

central adductor muscle attachment scars; small

process present in anteroventral corner of valve.

Infold: Infold of rostrum with 5 long bristles

(Figure 196); anteroventral infold with short bristle

below inner end of incisur, about 6 ridges parallel

to valve margin, and 1 spinous bristle near posterior

end of ridges; posterior infold with a few minute

bristles near inner margin of infold; ridge on infold

of caudal process with 6 frondlike bristles (Figure

19c, not clearly visible on Plate 9/).

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation present along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins; fringed in

vicinity of incisur, possibly elsewhere.

Central Adductor Muscle Attachment Scars (Figure 18): Consisting of about 17-20 oval and elongate

scars.

Size: USNM 156776, length 1.36 mm, height 0.81

mm; USNM 156784, length 1.44 mm, height 0.81

mm; USNM 156779, length 1.40 mm, height 0.83

mm; USNM 156790, length 1.38 mm, height

0.83 mm; USNM 156786, length 1.42, height 0.71

mm; USNM 156914, length 1.34 mm, height

0.77 mm.

First Antenna (Figure \9d): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 2 bristles (1 dorsal, 1 ventral), a single cluster

of faint spines on medial surface near dorsal bristle,

and lateral spines forming row near distal margin.

3rd joint: short, with 3 bristles (1 ventral,- 2 dorsal),

and short spines forming rows on medial surface.

4th joint: 3 bristles (1 dorsal, 2 ventral). 5th joint:

sensory bristle with 4 short marginal filaments and

3 longer terminal filaments including stem. 6th

joint: 1 short medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle

spinous, about twice length of bristle of 6th joint

(a-bristle of illustrated left limb of USNM 156776

aberrant in being shorter than normal a-bristle;

the bristle did not completely emerge and its

proximal part is embedded in limb); b-bristle shorter

than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 1 short distal

filament, portion of stem distal to filament unringed; c-bristle slightly shorter than sensory bristle,

with 4 short marginal filaments and 3 longer terminal filments including stem. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles slightly longer than sensory bristle, bare

with blunt tips; f-bristle about same length as

c-bristle, with 3 short marginal filaments and 3

longer terminal filaments including stem; g-bristle

about same length as sensory bristle, with 3 short

marginal filaments and 3 longer terminal filaments

including stem; tips of filaments with 1 or 2 minute

spines.

Second Antenna (Figure \9e): Protopodite bare.

Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint with 2 short anterior bristles; 2nd joint elongate with long spinous

bristle near middle and bare, rounded tip. Exopodite: 1st joint with short medial terminal bristle;

joints 2-8 with short spines forming rows along distal margins, bristles of joints 2-8 with stout spines

along ventral margin, no natatory hairs; 9th joint

with 3 bristles, ventral of these longer than others

and with stout ventral spines, middle bristle with

spines less stout than those on ventral bristle, dorsal

bristle short, bare.

Mandible (Figure 19/,g): Coxale endite spinous.

bifurcate, without bristle near base. Basale: medial

surface spinous, with 4 bristles near ventral margin

(3 proximal, 1 near middle); ventral margin with

1 terminal bristle; lateral surface with 2 bristles

having bases on or near ventral margin, and with

long hairs forming rows (some hairs extend past

ventral margin); dorsal margin with 3 bristles (1

near middle, 2 terminal). Exopodite hirsute, about

one-half length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial

joint, with 1 long subterminal bristle, and 1 minute

terminal bristle (presence or absence of this minute

bristle cannot be resolved with certainty with available light microscope). Endopodite: 1st joint with

1 short and 2 long bristles, medial surface of joint

spinous; 2nd joint with ventral margin with bristles

forming 2 groups (each with 2 bristles), middle of

dorsal margin with 6 bristles (1 of these located

more proximally than others), medial surface with

spines forming rows in proximal half; end joint

with 2 long claws with ventral spines, 1 very short,

bare, dorsal claw, and 3 bristles (2 of these less than

one-half length of long claws, the other about threefourths length).

Maxilla (Figure 20a): Coxale with stout, spinous,

dorsal bristle. Basale with 2 (possibly 3) terminal

bristles. Exopodite with 2 long and 1 short bristle.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 «- and 1 ^S-bristle;

end joint with 3 clawlike bristles and about 4

slender bristles; 3 endites present.

Fifth Limb (Figure 20c): Endite I with 1 bristle;

endite II with about 7 bristles; endite III with

about 5 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with anterior

side with 2 bristles at middle of distal margin, main

tooth consisting of stout anterior tooth and posterior tooth with several prongs (obscure on speci-
36

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

men examined); 2nd joint with large squarish tooth,

posterior side of joint with 3 bristles; 3rd joint with

inner lobe with 3 bristles, outer lobe with 2; 4th

and 5th joints with total of 5 bristles. (Exact number of bristles on exopodial joints and endites

uncertain.)

Sixth Limb (Figure 206): Endite I with 2 short

and 1 long bristle; endite II with 3 terminal bristles;

endites III and IV each with 5 bristles; end joint

not prolonged posteriorly, with 4 spinous anterior

bristles and 2 hirsute posterior bristles; 1 short

bristle in place of epipodial appendage; one side

of end joint and endites III and IV with long hairs.

Seventh Limb (Figure 20d): 6 bristles in terminal

group (3 on each side), 2 in proximal group (1 on

each side); each bristle with marginal spines and

2-5 bells; terminus with comb of 7 teeth opposite 3

recurved spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 20/): Each lamella with 6 claws:

claw 1, 2 and 4 stout primary claws; claws 3, 5, 6

slender secondary claws; claw 3 shorter than claw 4;

primary claws with teeth along posterior margins;

claw 1 with 2 distal teeth oriented anteriorly and

2 large distal teeth on posterior margin; secondary

claws with spines along ventral and dorsal margins

(not all teeth shown in Figure 20/); hairs along

lamella following claws.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 20e): Elongate with

about 4 proximal segments, tip rounded.

Eyes: Medial eye bare, unpigmented (Figure

lateral eyes not observed.

Upper Lip and Anterior Process (Figure

Hirsute with minute processes. An anterior process

present on each side of animal between upper lip

and medial eye.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 20/): Typical for family.

Genitalia (Figure 20/): Consisting of oval sclerotized cup on each side of animal.

Eggs: USNM 156784 with 3; USNM 156914 with

3.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 3/, 21).—

Except for having a somewhat broader caudal

process, carapace of male similar in shape and ornamentation to that of adult female (Figure 21a).

Infold: Infold of rostrum with 5 long bristles;

short bristle present on infold ventral to inner end

of incisur; posterior infold with 3 minute bristles

near inner margin of infold; ridge on infold of

caudal process with 5 frondlike bristles; 3 minute

bristles along posterior edge of caudal process.

Central Adductor Muscle Attachment Scars (Figure 21a): Similar to those of adult female but

located closer to shell middle.

Size: USNM 156941, length 1.17 mm, height 0.65

mm; USNM 157111, length 1.16 mm, height 0.60

mm.

First Antenna (Figure 216): 1st joint: few short

medial spines forming rows. 2nd joint: 2 bristles

(1 dorsal, 1 ventral). 3rd joint: short, with 2 dorsal

bristles and 1 medial bristle, all near ventral margin. 4th joint: 1 terminal dorsal bristle and 2

proximal medial bristles, all near ventral margin.

5th joint: triangular, wedged between 4th and 6th

joints and not extending to dorsal margin of limb;

sensory bristle with bulbous proximal part with

abundant long filaments and stem with about 4

marginal filaments (Figures 3/, 216); 6th joint: long,

with short medial bristle located near dorsal margin.

7th joint: a-bristle bare, slightly longer than bristle

of 6th joint; b-bristle 3 times length of a-bristle,

with 3 or 4 short marginal filaments; c-bristle very

long, with 10 or 11 marginal filaments. 8th joint:

d- and e-bristles bare with blunt tips, about one-half

length of c-bristle; f-bristle almost same length as

c-bristle, with 10 marginal filaments, some with

spine at base; g-bristle about same length as d-bristle,

with about 4 marginal filaments.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare (Figure 21c).

Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure 2ld): 1st joint short,

with 4 short anterior bristles; 2nd joint elongate,

with 3 bristles on concave margin (proximal of these

slender, faint, unringed, and not observed on USNM

157111); 3rd joint elongate, reflexed, with 2 short

bristles and ridges at tip. Exopodite: 1st joint

elongate, with minute, terminal, medial bristle; 2nd

joint slightly larger than 3rd joint, with ventral

bristle reaching past end of 9th joint; bristles of

joints 2-8 with natatory hairs, no spines; 8th joint

with 4 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 2 short

with short marginal hairs), USNM 156941 aberrant

in having only 8 exopodial joints on each limb.

Mandible (Figure 2le): Coxale endite represented

by minute spine. Basale: medial surface spinous,

with 4 short bristles (3 proximal, 1 near middle)

near ventral margin; ventral margin with 1 long

spinous distal bristle; lateral surface with 2 long

spinous bristles with base on ventral margin; dorsal

margin with 3 long bristles (2 terminal, 1 distal to

middle). Exopodite: spinous, reaching just past

middle of 1st endopodial joint, with 1 long sub-
NUMBER 260 37

FIGURE 21.—Harbansus dayi, new species, adult male, paratype, USNM 156941, length 1.17 mm:

a, complete specimen showing central adductor muscle attachments and some fossae and hairs;

b, left 1st antenna, medial view (only proximal ends of filaments of sensory bristle shown); c,

protopodite of left 2nd antenna and left lateral eye; d, endopodite of left 2nd antennae, medial

view; e, left mandible, medial view; /, maxilla, g, distal end of 5th limb; h, 6th limb; i, distal

end of 7th limb; /, posterior of body showing right lamella of furca, right Y-sclerite, right

copulatory organ and testis; k, anterior of body showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ, left

anterior process, and upper lip.
38

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

terminal bristle; tip of exopodite pointed and with

several short spines. Endopodite: 1st joint with

medial spines and 3 ventral bristles (2 long, 1 short);

2nd joint with ventral margin with bristles forming

2 distal groups, each with 2 bristles, middle of dorsal

margin with 6 bristles, medial surface with spines

forming rows; end joint with 2 long claws with

ventral spines, 1 short dorsal claw, and 3 bristles

(1 long, 2 short).

Maxilla (Figure 21/): Limb reduced and with

weakly developed bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 21g): Endites weakly developed with few bristles; endite III with 1 or 2 fingerlike bristles. Exopodite: 3rd joint with 2 long outer

bristles; inner bristles obscure; remaining joints

fused, with total of about 4 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 21/*): A single spinous bristle

in place of epipodial appendage. Endite I with 3

bristles; endite II with 3 terminal bristles; endite

III with 4 bristles; endite IV with 5 bristles; end

joint not prolonged posteriorly, with 2 hirsute anterior bristles followed by 2 bristles with long

proximal and short distal spines, a space, and then

2 hirsute posterior bristles; limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 21 i): 4 bristles in terminal

group, 2 on each side, each with 4 or 5 bells and

distal marginal spines; no proximal bristles; terminus with comb of 5 spinous teeth opposite 1 or 2

recurved spinous pegs.

Furca (Figure 21/): Similar to that of female but

claws 1 and 2 without large distal teeth.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 21 k): Elongate with

5 or 6 proximal segments, tip rounded.

Eyes: Medial eye bare, unpigmented (Figure 21&);

lateral eyes small, each with 5 ommatidia (Figure

21c).

Upper Lip (Figure 21 k): With anterior projection.

Anterior (Figure 21/c): 2 processes present between

upper lip and rod-shaped organ.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 21/): Typical for family.

Copulatory Organ (Figure 21/): Each limb elongate, lobate, with terminal process with marginal

teeth.

REMARKS.—The male is assigned to H. dayi rather

than to H. bowenae, because of the development of

the caudal process, which more closely resembles

that of H. dayi than it does that of H. bowenae, and

also because of the number of bristles on the infold

of the rostrum.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE (Figure 22c).—

Carapace: Absent on specimen examined (USNM

156953A).

First Antenna: Similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna (Figure 22c): Similar to that of

A-2? female described below except for being larger.

Remaining Appendages: Similar to those of adult

female.

Genitalia: Absent.

DESCRIPTON OF A-2 OR A-3 FEMALE (Figure 22a,b).

—Carapace (Figure 22a): Similar in shape to that of

adult female except dorsal margin more rounded.

Size: USNM 156947A, length 0.99 mm, height

0.53 mm.

First Antenna: Number of bristles on joints 2,

3, and 6 similar to those of adult female; joint 4

with 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal); bristles of 7th

and 8th joint not examined in detail, but, in

general, similar to those of adult female.

Second Antenna: Protopodite and exopodial

bristles similar in type and number to those of

adult female. Except for having a terminal bristle

on 2nd joint, endopodite similar to that of adult

female (Figure 226).

Mandible, Maxilla, and 5th Limb: Not examined

in detail but, in general, similar to that of female.

Dorsal claw of end joint of endopodite of mandible

small.

Sixth Limb: Similar to that of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Could not be found on specimen

examined.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ and Upper Lip: Similar to

those of adult female.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 22/,g).—

Carapace (Figure 22/): Similar in shape to that of

adult female.

Size: USNM 156952A, length 1.22 mm.

First Antenna: Similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: Protopodite and exopodite

similar to those of adult female. Endopodite 3-jointed

(Figure 22g): 1st joint short with 3 short bristles;

2nd joint elongate with 3 ventral bristles (1 long,

proximal and 2 short, near middle); 3rd joint

elongate with 2 short terminal bristles.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb, 6th Limb: Similar

to those of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Differs from that of adult female

in having only 3 or 4 terminal bristles and no proximal bristles; bristles tapering distally and with only
NUMBER 260 39

FIGURE 22.—Harbansus dayi, new species, A-2 or A-3 female, paratype, USNM 156947A, length

0.99 mm: a, outline of complete specimen; b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view.

A-l female, paratype, USNM 156953A: c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view. A-2 or

A-3 male (instar III), paratype, USNM 156952B, length 0.93 mm: d, outline of complete specimen; e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view. A-l male, USNM 156952A, paratype,

length 1.22 mm: /, left valve, outside view (part of dorsal margin missing); g, endopodite of

right 2nd antenna, medial view.

2 bells in addition to the marginal spines.

Furca, Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to those of

adult female.

Eyes: Medial eye similar to that of adult female;

lateral eyes not observed.

Upper Lip: Tip of lip with node seemingly

separated from broader part of lip by suture; anterior tip of node with 2 or 3 minute processes.

Genitalia: None observed.

DESCRIPTION OF A-2 OR A-3 MALE (instar III)

(Figure 22d,e).—Carapace (Figure 22d): posterior

slightly more prolonged and dorsal margin more

rounded than that of adult female.

Size: USNM 156952B, length 0.93 mm, height

0.45 mm.

First Antenna: 1st joint: 1 or no ventral bristle

and 1 dorsal bristle. 2nd joint: 1 ventral and 2

dorsal bristles. 3rd joint: with 2 bristles (1 ventral,

1 dorsal). Remaining joints not examined in detail

but, in general, similar to those of adult female.

Second Antenna: Protopodite and exopodite

similar to those of adult female. Endopodite 3-jointed

(Figure 22e): 1st joint short with 2 short bristles;

2nd joint elongate with 2 ventral bristles (1 long,

proximal, 1 short, near middle); 3rd joint short

with 1 short terminal bristle.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb, 6th Limb: Not

examined in detail but, in general, similar to those

of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Well developed but without

bristles and with bare terminal end.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, more weakly segmented than organ of adult female.

Eyes: Medial eye similar to that of adult female;

lateral eyes not observed.

Genitalia: None observed.

COMPARISONS.—With the exception of some specimens of H. paucichelatus, previously described

species of Harbansus do not have a bare tip on the

2nd joint of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna.

H. dayi differs from H. paucichelatus in not having

horizontal ribs on the carapace. It is also larger

than that species.

Harbansus bowenae, new species

FIGURES 23-26; PLATE 11

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Ms.

Marcia Bowen, Virginia Institute of Marine Science,

who collected the specimens.
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156664, undissected ovigerous female in alcohol, length 1.11 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Outer edge of continental shelf

off New Jersey, R/V Columbus helin, sta F4-7,

183 m.

PARATYPES.—New Jersey, outer continental shelf, R/V Columbus Iselin: sta F4-7 (same sample as holotype): USNM

156912, 1 ovigerous female; USNM 156668, 42 specimens;

USNM 156666A-C, 3 ovigerous females; sta A4-11: USNM

156948, 1 juvenile; USNM 156949, 1 adult female; USNM

156944, 1 juvenile female; USNM 156950, 15 specimens; sta

A4-9: USNM 156955A.B, 2 A-l males; USNM 156956, 1 juvenile male; USNM 156957, 1 2nd antenna of adult female.

DISTRIBUTION.—New Jersey shelf at depths of

136-196 m.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 23-25;

Plate 11).—Carapace (Figures 23, 24a): Elongate

with fairly broad rostrum and very small caudal

process, ribs absent.

Ornamentation: Surface with numerous shallow

fossae (Plate \\a,b,d); long bristles abundant along

ventral margin and on rostrum (Plate lla), and

widely scattered on valve surface (Plate 1 lei); 2 short

bristles present on inner end of incisur (Figure 24c);

inferior corner of rostrum with few minute nodes

(Plate lla,c); fossae with minute nodes with central

pores (Plate \\b,d,e); area between fossae with similar nodes but having less relief than those in fossae

(Plate lid,/); surface between nodes with minute

pustules (Plate lie); areas not immediately surrounding nodes with peculiar surface structure

(Plate 11/).

Infold: Rostral infold with 3 long bristles (Figure 24c); 1 bristle present near inner end of incisur;

anteroventral infold with about 4 ribs, no bristles

FIGURE 23.—Harbansus bowenae, new species, adult female,

holotype, USNM 156664, length 1.11 mm, complete specimen.

observed; infold of caudal process with 6 setose

bristles along anterior edge of pocket (Figure 246);

6 small bristles present along inner edge of infold

in vicinity of caudal process.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation in vicinity

of incisur, narrower along ventral margin; prolongation with fringed edge in vicinity of incisur and

rostrum and along ventral margin.

Size: USNM 156912, length 0.92 mm, height

0.64 mm; USNM 156666A, length 1.12 mm, height

0.67 mm; USNM 156666B, length 1.14 mm, height

0.65 mm; USNM 156666C, length 1.14 mm,

height 0.66 mm; USNM 156664, length 1.11 mm,

height 0.59 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 24c/): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: spines forming rows along dorsal and ventral

margins and on medial surface, and 1 dorsal

bristle. 3rd joint: short with spines on medial surface and ventral margin and 3 bristles (2 dorsal,

1 ventral). 4th joint: spines on lateral surface and

ventral margin, and 4 bristles (1 dorsal, 3 ventral).

5th joint: bent upward at slight angle (right limb

of USNM 156912 bent at greater angle than left

limb), and with lateral spines; sensory bristle with

1 short filament proximal to middle, 3 distal filaments, and tip of stem with 2 minute spines. 6th

joint: short spinous medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle

with short marginal spines; b-bristle shorter than

sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 3 terminal filaments including stem; c-bristle about same length as

sensory bristle, with 1 short proximal filament, 3 distal filaments, and tip of stem with 2 minute spines.

8th joint: d- and e-bristle bare, about same length

as sensory bristle; f-bristle slightly shorter than sensory bristle, with 2 short proximal filaments, 3 distal

filaments, and tip of stem with 2 minute spines;

g-bristle same length as sensory bristle, with 2 short

proximal filaments, 3 distal filaments, and tip of

stem with 2 minute spines; tips of all filaments and

tip of stem of b-bristle with single minute spine.

Second Antenna: Protopodite without medial

bristle. Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure 24/,g): 1st

joint with 1 short anterior bristle; 2nd joint minute,

with long spinous terminal bristle. Exopodite: 1st

joint with long hairs along ventral margin and

short, terminal, medial bristle; bristles of joints 2-8

with stout spines along ventral margin, no natatory

hairs; 9th joint with 3 bristles, ventral bristle longer

of 3 and with stout ventral spines, middle bristle

and short dorsal bristle with short, slender, mar-
NUMBER 260 41

FIGURE 24.—Harbansus bowenae, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156912, length 0.92

mm: a, complete specimen showing central adductor muscle attachment scars and some fossae

and hairs; b, caudal process of right valve, inside view; c, rostrum of right valve, inside view;

d, right 1st antenna, lateral view; e, right mandible, medial view; /, g, endopodites of right and

left 2nd antennae, lateral views.

ginal spines, none with natatory hairs; joints 2-8

with short spines forming row along distal margin;

basal spines absent.

Mandible (Figure 24e): Coxale endite consisting

of spinous bifurcate process, no bristle observed near

base. Basale: dorsal margin with 1 bristle distal to

middle and 2 terminal bristles; medial surface spinous, with 3 bristles near ventral margin (2 short,

proximal, and 1 longer, near middle); ventral margin with 1 spinous terminal bristle; lateral surface

with 2 spinous bristles near ventral margin (1 near

middle, 1 subterminal). Exopodite one-half length

of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, hirsute

near tip, with 1 subterminal bristle. Endopodite:

1st joint with 3 ventral bristles (1 of these minute);

medial surface with spines forming oblique rows;

ventral margin of 2nd joint with distal bristles

forming 2 groups, proximal group with 1 bristle,
42

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 25.—Harbansus bowenae, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156912, length

0.92 mm: a, right maxilla, lateral view; b, distal end of right 5th limb, anterior view; c, 6th

limb (endite I fragmented); d, distal end of 7th limb; e, right furcal lamella and right genital

organ. Adult female, paratype, USNM 156666B, length 1.14 mm: /, anterior of body showing

medial eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip.
NUMBER 260 43

terminal group with 2; dorsal margin with 1 proximal bristle and 4 near middle; medial surface

spinous; end joint with 3 claws and 2 bristles, dorsal

claw about one-half length of other claws.

Maxilla (Figure 25a): Precoxale and coxale with

fringe of dorsal hairs; coxale with stout spinous

bristle near dorsal margin. Endite I with 6 spinous

bristles; endite II with 5 bristles; endite III with

4 bristles; 1 proximal bristle present on margin

between endites II and III (this bristle not observed

on USNM 156666B). Basale with 2 long bristles.

Exopodite with 3 bristles (1 short, 2 long). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 a-bristle and 1 /?-bristle; end

joint with 2 stout, bare, unringed, clawlike bristles

with blunt tips, 1 stout partly ringed bristle with

few ventral teeth, and 4 slender ringed bristles.

(Appendage examined was in twisted position on

slide so that exact location of some of the bristles is

uncertain).

Fifth Limb (Figure 256): Endite I with 2 bristles;

endites II and III each with about 5 bristles.

Exopodite: main tooth of 1st joint consisting of

3 pronged tooth with short bristle at inner edge

of base, and a 2nd large but poorly defined tooth

inward from the 3-pronged tooth; outer edge of

1st joint with bulbous hirsute process; anterior

distal margin of 1st joint with 2 bristles near outer

edge of main 3-pronged tooth; 2nd joint with large

squarish tooth; posterior side of 2nd joint with 3

bristles; outer lobe of 3rd joint with 2 bristles, inner

lobe with 3; 4th and 5th joints with total of 5

bristles. Epipodial appendage with 38 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 25c): 1 fairly long hirsute

bristle in place of epipodial appendage; endite I

with 2 bristles; endite II with 3 terminal bristles;

endite III with 5 terminal bristles; endite IV with

4 terminal bristles; end joint not prolonged posteriorly, with 6 bristles (4 spinous anterior bristles

and 2 hirsute posterior bristles), lateral surface of

end joint hirsute except in vicinity of endites;

medial surface of endites III and IV with faint

spines forming rows.

Seventh Limb (Figure 25d): Each limb with 8

(rarely 7) bristles (2 (rarely 1) proximal, 6 terminal);

each bristle with marginal spines and 2-4 bells;

terminal comb with about 6 teeth opposite 2 pegs.

Furca (Figure 25e): Each lamella with 6 claws:

claws 1, 2, and 4 stout; claws 3, 5, and 6 short

slender; claw 3 shorter than claw 4; stout claws with

teeth along posterior margin; claw 1 with 2 stout

distal teeth oriented anteriorly; slender claws with

proximal spines on anterior and posterior margins;

hairs present on lamella following claws.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 25/): Elongate with

about 5 sutures in middle part and broadening

distal part with tapering tip.

Eyes: Medial eye bare, unpigmented (Figure 25/);

lateral eyes not observed.

Upper Lip and Anterior Process (Figure 25/):

Hirsute, may have anterior processes. Sclerotized

anterior process present between upper lip and

medial eye.

Genitalia (Figure 25/): Sclerotized oval on each

side proximal to furca.

Eggs: USNM 156912 with 1; USNM 156666A with

3; USNM 156666B with 4 large unextruded; USNM

156666Cwith 1.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE (Figure 26a).—

Carapace: Similar in shape to that of adult female.

Size: USNM 156948, length 0.93 mm, height 0.53

mm.

First Antenna: Not examined in detail, but in

general similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna (Figure 26a): Similar to that of

adult female.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb, 6th Limb: Not

examined in detail but in general similar to that of

adult female.

Seventh Limb: Not examined in detail but bristles

tapering distally.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult

female.

Eyes: Medial eye similar to that of adult female;

lateral eyes not observed.

Genitalia: None observed.

DESCRIPTION OF A-2 OR A-3 MALE (instar III)

(Figure 26b,c).—Carapace (Figure 266): Similar in

shape to that of adult female, but slightly more produced posteriorly.

Size: USNM 156956, length 0.83 mm, height

0.44 mm.

First Antenna: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd joints similar to

those of adult female; 4th joint with 1 dorsal and

1 ventral bristle; joints 6-8 not examined in detail

but, in general, similar to those of adult female.

Second Antenna: Protopodite and exopodite

similar to those of adult female. Endopodite 2-

jointed with partly developed suture distally on

end joint indicating future 3rd joint (Figure 26c):
44

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 26.—Harbansus bowenae, new species, A-l female, paratype, USNM

156948, length 0.93 mm: a, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view. A-2

or A-3 male, USNM 156956, length 0.83 mm: b, outline of complete specimen; c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view. A-l male, paratype,

USNM 156955A, length 1.08 mm: d, outline of complete specimen; e, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view.

1st joint short with 1 short ventral bristle; 2nd

joint elongate with 2 ventral bristles proximal to

incipient suture and 1 short terminal bristle.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb, 6th Limb: Not examined in detail but, in general, similar to those of

adult female.

Seventh Limb: Fairly short without bristles.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult female.

Eyes: Medial eye similar to that of adult female;

lateral eyes not observed.

Genitalia: None observed.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 2§d,e).—Carapace (Figure 26d): Similar to that of adult female

but more elongate.

Size: USNM 156955A, length 1.08 mm, height 0.57

mm.

First Antenna: Similar to that of adult female

except with only 2 ventral bristles on 4th joint.

Second Antenna: Protopodite and exopodite

similar to that of adult female. Endopodite 3-jointed

(Figure 26e): 1st joint short, with 2 short ventral

bristles; 2nd joint elongate, with 1 long and 2 short

ventral bristles proximal to middle; 3rd joint elongate with 2 short terminal bristles and with squarish

tip.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb, 6th Limb: Similar

to those of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Each limb with 3 or 4 terminal

bristles and 1 or no proximal bristles; each bristle

tapering distally and with 2 bells in addition to

marginal spines.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult

female except sutures appearing weaker.

Eyes: Medial eye similar to that of adult female:

lateral eyes not observed.

Genitalia: Not examined under high magnification but consisting of 2 or 3 lobes.

COMPARISONS.—The short 2nd joint on the endopodite of the female 2nd antenna distinguishes H.

bowenae from previously described species in the

genus. Harbansus bowenae occurs together with H.

dayi. It is smaller than that species, and its caudal

process does not project backwards as far as that of

H. dayi. H. bowenae is the only known species in

the family Philomedidae with only 1 bristle on the

exopodite of the mandible, but it is possible that a

minute bristle is present at the tip of the exopodite

but cannot be detected at the resolving power of

the available compound microscope. The dorsal

claw on the end joint of the mandible is about onehalf the length of the other 2 claws; on most species
NUMBER 260

45

in the genus the dorsal claw is much smaller than

that on H. bowenae. The distal ventral margin of

the 2nd endopodial joint of the mandible bears only

3 bristles compared to 4 on other species in the

genus.

Harbansus bamardi, new species

FIGURES 27-29; PLATE 12

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named after J.

Laurens Barnard, Smithsonian Institution, who

collected the specimens.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156907, ovigerous female on

slide and in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—JLB Hawaii 10 (see Barnard,

1970), Sampan Pass, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, 2 m.

PARATYPE.—USNM 156906, 1 A-l male from same sample

as holotype.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the typelocality.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 27-29d;

Plate 12).—Carapace (Figures 27-28b): Elongate

with prominent rostrum and caudal process.

Ornamentation: Ventral and anterior margins of

rostrum with minute protuberances (Figures 27,

28a); posterodorsal corner of carapace with faint

low ridge (Figures 27, 286); surface of valve with

abundant shallow fossae (Plate 12a,&); bristles

scattered over valve surface (Plate \2a-d) and along

ventral margin, also near outer edge of caudal

process; 2 bristles present on edge of valve at inner

end of incisur (Figure 28a); surface between shallow

fossae with shallow pores (Plate \2b-j); minute

nodes with central pit forming row around rim of

fossae (Plate \2b,e).

Infold: Rostral infold with 7 or 8 long bristles;

1 short bristle on infold just ventral to inner end of

incisur; anteroventral infold with 7 parallel ribs and

1 short bristle near ventral margin; posterior half

of ventral infold anterior to caudal process with 4

or 5 small bristles; infold of caudal process with 7

setose bristles along anterior edge of pocket; 1 small

bristle near inner edge of infold opposite dorsal

end of caudal process.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with fringed

edge present in vicinity of incisur, narrower along

anterior and ventral margins.

Size: USNM 156907, length 1.01 mm, height

0.53 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 28c): 1st joint: spines on

lateral surface. 2nd joint: spines along ventral and

dorsal margins and on medial and lateral surfaces,

and with 1 spinous dorsal bristle. 3rd joint: short,

with spines on ventral margin and medial surface,

and with 3 bristles (1 ventral, 2 dorsal). 4th joint:

faint hairs along ventral and dorsal margins and

with 5 bristles (3 ventral, 2 dorsal). 5th joint: sensory bristle with 2 short proximal filaments and 1

short and 2 long terminal filaments excluding stem

(stem with 2 minute spines at tip, filaments with

only 1). 6th joint: medial bristle about same length

as 5th joint, with minute spine at tip. 7th joint:

a-bristle slightly longer than bristle of 6th joint;

b-bristle slightly shorter than sensory bristle of 5th

joint, with 2 short subterminal filaments (stem with

2 minute spines at tip, filaments with only 1); cbristle same length as sensory bristle, with 1 short

proximal filament, 1 filament near middle, and 3

subterminal filaments (1 short, 2 longer) excluding

stem (stem with 2 minute spines at tip, filaments

with only 1). 8th joint: bare d- and e-bristles of

equal length, same length as sensory bristle; f-bristle

similar to c-bristle; g-bristle similar to f-bristle

but slightly longer.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

2-jointed (Figure 28d): 1st joint with 3 short anterior bristles; 2nd joint elongate, with 1 long

spinous ventral bristle and 1 short terminal bristle.

Exopodite: 1st joint with short, recurved, terminal,

medial bristle; 2nd joint with bristle reaching just

past 9th joint, with about 12 stout ventral spines,

no natatory hairs; bristles of joints 3-8 relatively

short, with stout ventral spines but no natatory

FIGURE 27.—Harbansus bamardi, new species, adult female,

USNM 156907, length 1.01 mm, complete specimen.
46

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 28.—Harbansus barnardi, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 156907, length 1.01

mm: a, anterior of left valve, outside view; b, posterior of left valve, outside view; c, left 1st

antenna, medial view; d, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, left mandible, lateral

view; /, distal end of right mandible showing 4 claws, medial view; g, left maxilla, lateral view;

h, distal end of left 5th limb, posterior view.
NUMBER 260 47

FIGURE 29.—Harbansus barnardi, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 156907, length

1.01 mm: a, 6th limb; b, posterior of body showing right furcal lamella, right genital organ, and

right Y-sclerite; c, distal part of 7th limb; d, anterior of body showing right lateral eye, medial

eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior process and upper lip. A-l male, paratype, USNM 156906,

length 0.89 mm: e, complete specimen showing position of lateral eye as seen through shell

(dotted circle) and some fossae and hairs; /, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; g,

teeth of 1st and 2nd exopodial joints of right 5th limb, anterior view; h, anterior of body showing right lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, and upper lip.

hairs; 9th joint minute, with 1 or 2 bristles (longest

of these ventral, with slender ventral and dorsal

spines; dorsal bristle when present very short, with

minute dorsal spine); joints 2-8 with fairly long

spines forming row along distal margin, but no

basal spines.

Mandible (Figure 2Se,f): Coxale endite spinous,

bifurcate, no bristle observed near base. Basale:

medial side with 3 short bristles in proximal ventral

corner, 1 short bristle near middle close to ventral

margin, and long hairs forming rows; lateral surface with 2 bristles close to middle of ventral margin, and few long hairs; ventral margin with 1 terminal bristle; dorsal margin with 1 midbristle and

2 terminal bristles. Exopodite hirsute, about twothirds length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite

joint, with 1 long subterminal bristle and 1 short

terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with ventral

margin with 3 bristles (1 short, 2 long; short bristle

not visible in Figure 28e); 2nd joint with ventral

margin with bristles forming 2 distal groups (proximal group with 2 bristles, distal group with 3

bristles including 1 clawlike bristle), dorsal margin

of joint with bristles forming 2 groups near middle

(2 bristles in proximal group, 5 in distal group); end

joint with 2 stout subequal claws, 1 minute dorsal

claw, and 3 bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 28g): Coxale with dorsal margin
48

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

hirsute, with spinous dorsal bristle. Endite I with 5

or 6 bristles; endite II with 6 bristles; endite III

with 9 terminal bristles and 1 proximal bristle.

Basale with distal margin with 3 bristles. Exopodite

with 2 long bristles (with long hairs near middle)

and 1 short bare bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with

1 a-bristle and 3 /?-bristles; end joint with 2 stout

claws and several bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 28/j): Endite I with 1 short

bristle; endites II and III indistinct but with total

of about 10 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with main

tooth with 3 constituent pectinate teeth and 1

proximal smooth tooth; spinous bristle present on

edge proximal to constituent teeth; anterior side

with 2 bristles at middle of distal edge; posterior

side with 2 or 3 bristles; 2nd joint with large

squarish tooth; 3rd joint with 2 bristles on outer

lobe and 3 on inner lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused,

hirsute, with total of 6 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 29a): Endite I with 3 bristles;

endite II with 3 bristles; endite III with 6 bristles;

endite IV with 5 bristles; end joint with 4 spinous

anterior bristles and 2 hirsute posterior bristles;

limb hirsute in vicinity of posterior margin; 1 short

bristle in place of epipodial bristle.

Seventh Limb (Figure 29c): 2 bristles in proximal

group (1 on each side); 6 bristles in distal group (3

on each side); each bristle with distal marginal

spines and up to 6 bells; terminus with comb of

about 7 teeth opposite 3 spinous pegs.

Furca (Figure 29fc): Each lamella with 6 claws:

claws 1, 2, and 4 primary; claws 3, 5, and 6

secondary; claw 1 with stout teeth along proximal

half of lateral and medial margins, and slender

teeth distally; claws 2 and 4 with teeth along posterior margins; hairs present along lamella following claw 6.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 29d): Elongate with

about 7 sutures in proximal half and with rounded

tip.

Eyes (Figure 29d): Medial eye bare, lightly pigmented. Lateral eyes about one-half length of medial

eye, with 3 minute ommatidia; lateral eye hidden

behind protopodite of 2nd antenna when animal

viewed laterally.

Upper Lip (Figure 29d): Hirsute, projecting anteriorly.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 29b): Normal for family.

Genitalia (Figure 29b): Oval sclerotized ring on

each side of body.

Eggs: USNM 156907 with 2 eggs in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 29e-h).—Carapace (Figure 29e): Similar in shape to that of adult

female.

Ornamentation: Surface of valve with abundant

shallow fossae; minute protuberances with central

pit forming row just within edge of fossae; surface

of valve between fossae with minute pits with low

raised rim; bristles emerging from closed pores with

irregular raised rim scattered over valve surface and

along ventral margin, also near outer edge of caudal

process; 2 bristles present on edge of valve at inner

end of incisur.

Infold: Rostral infold with 7 long bristles; 1

short bristle present near inner end of incisur;

anteroventral infold with about 7 parallel ribs;

ventral infold near caudal process with 5 short

bristles forming row; infold of caudal process with

6 setose bristles along anterior edge of pocket.

Selvage: Similar to that of adult female.

Size: USNM 156906, length 0.89 mm, height 0.45

mm.

First Antenna, Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb

(Figure 29g), 6th Limb, Furca: Similar to those of

adult female.

Second Antenna: Protopodite similar to that of

adult female. Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure 29/):

1st joint with 3 small anterior bristles; 2nd joint

elongate with 3 proximal ventral bristles; 3rd joint

elongate with 2 small terminal bristles. Exopodite

with 2 bristles on 9th joint of both limbs, otherwise

similar to that of adult female.

Seventh Limb: 4 bristles in distal group, each

with distal marginal spines and 4 bells; bristles

tapering distally (juvenile character); no proximal

bristles; terminus with comb with 3 or 4 teeth opposite single spinous peg.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 29h): Similar to that

of adult female.

Eyes (Figure 29h): Medial eye similar to that of

adult female. Lateral eye about same size as medial

eye, with about 9 minute ommatidia.

Upper Lip (Figure 29h): With minute anterior

processes.

COMPARISONS.—The new species Harbansus barnardi differs from previously described species in

having a terminal claw on the ventral margin of

the 2nd endopodial joint of the mandible that is

about three-fourths the length of the largest claw

of the end joint.
NUMBER 260

49

FIGURE 30.—Harbansus species A, adult female, USNM 157752, length 1.18

mm: a, complete specimen showing central adductor muscle attachment scars,

some fossae, and location of eggs inside shell; b, endopodite of left 2nd

antenna, medial view; c, anterior of body showing left lateral eye, medial eye

(dashed) and rod-shaped organ, anterior process, upper lip.

Harbansus species A

FIGURE 30; PLATE 13

MATERIAL.—USNM 137752, 1 ovigerous female from off

Guadalupe Island, Mexico, R/V Velero 111, sta 1927, 73.2-

102.4 m.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figure 30; Plate

13).—Carapace (Figure 30a): Similar in shape to

that of Harbansus mayeri but slightly larger.

Ornamentation: Surface without lateral ribs or

posterior nodes; ventral half of rostrum with low

lateral process; surface with shallow fossae (Plate

13a-c); anterior and ventral margins of rostrum

with about 14 minute tubercles (Plate 136); 2 bristles at inner edge of incisur; bristles scattered over

valve surface and along ventral and anterodorsal

margins, some with pore near base (Plate 13d); surface with few pores (Plate 13e) and minute pustules

(Plate 13d,/).

Infold: Rostral infold with 4 bristles; single short

bristle just below inner end of incisur; 7 short

bristles along inner edge of posterior half of ventral

infold; infold of caudal process with 6 or 7 frondlike bristles.

Selvage: Similar to that of H. mayeri.

Size: Length 1.18 mm, height 0.64 mm.

First Antenna, 2nd Antenna (Figure 30&), Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb: Similar to those of H.

mayeri.

Sixth Limb: Endites I and II with 3 bristles; endites HI and IV each with 5 bristles; end joint with

4 or 5 spinous anteroventral bristles separated by

space from 2 posterior hirsute bristles; 1 short

bristle in place of epipodial bristle.

Seventh Limb: 2 bristles in proximal group (1 on

each side); 4 bristles in distal group (2 on each

side); each bristle with up to 4 bells and distal

spines; terminal comb with 5 recurved teeth opposite smaller comb with about 3 short teeth.

Furca, Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 30c), Genitalia,

Brushlike Organ, Upper Lip (Figure 30c) Y-Sclerite,

Posterior of Body: Similar to those of H. mayeri.

Eyes (Figure 30c): Medial eye pigmented, bare;

lateral eyes small, faint, unpigmented, with 5 ommatidia.

Eggs: Holotype with 5 eggs in brood chamber.

COMPARISONS.—The specimen designated herein

Harbansus species A, may be conspecific with Harbansus mayeri. It is separated from that species because Harbansus species A has only 4 instead of 7-8

bristles on the rostral infold. Also the carapace of H.

species A is slightly larger than known specimens of

H. mayeri, and does not have posterior nodes such

as those present on H. mayeri. Having only 1 specimen of H. species A, it was not possible to determine whether the differences noted between H. species A and H. mayeri could be intraspecific variation.

Harbansus species B

FICURES 31, 32; PLATES 14, 15

MATERIAL.—USNM 157753, 1 ovigerous female from Santa

Rosa Island, California, R/V Velero III, sta 23086, 140 m.
50

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.—Carapace (Figures 31, 32«): Similar in shape to that of Harbansus

bradmyersi but somewhat larger.

Ornamentation: Surface with lateral ribs (Figures

31, 32a; Plate 14a-c); rib dorsal to central muscle

scar area angling upward posteriorly; rib passing

through muscle scar area terminating posteriorly in

vicinity of caudal process (Plate 14c); surface with

shallow fossae (Plate I4a-e); bottom of fossae with

small nodes with central pore (Plate 14c-e); central

pore of nodes with minute inner teeth (Plate 14/);

surface between fossae with pore fields (Plates I4d,

e, \5c,d); surface between pore fields with minute

pustules (Plate \ba,c,d); surface with widely scattered long bristles having pore near base (Plates

\4d,e, \ba,b); minute nodes with central pore also

present along dorsal margin in vicinity of 2 narrow

dorsal ribs (Plate 15e); narrow ligament connecting

dorsal edges of valves (Plate \5e,f).

FIGURE 31.—Harbansus species B, adult female, USNM 157753,

length 1.26 mm, complete specimen.

Infold and Selvage: Similar to those of H. bradmyersi except 4-6 bristles on rostral infold.

Size: Length 1.26 mm, height 0.71 mm.

First Antenna: Similar to that of H. bradmyersi.

Second Antenna: Similar to that of H. bradmyersi (Figure 326).

Rod-shaped Organ, Eyes, Upper Lip (Figure 32c):

Similar to those of H. bradmyersi.

Remaining Appendages: In general, similar to

those of H. bradmyersi.

COMPARISONS.—This species differs from H. bradmyersi in having the upper lateral rib on carapace

oriented at a distinct angle, not horizontal as on

H. bradmyersi.

REMARKS.—No formal name is proposed for the

species because at present there is only 1 specimen.

Harbansus species indeterminate

FIGURE 33

MATERIAL.—USNM 157755, 1 adult female from off west

end of Santa Catalina Island, California, R/V Valero III,

sta 24075, 414 m.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.—Carapace: Of

unique specimen decalcified, film-like, no lateral

ribs apparent, but because of poor condition of

specimen the possibility that they were once present

cannot be excluded.

Size: Length of distorted shell 1.43 mm, height

0.83 mm.

Appendages: Not all appendages examined in

detail, but in general similar to those of H. mayeri.

Second Antenna: Endopodite similar to that of

H. mayeri (Figure 33a).

FICURE 32.—Harbansus species B, adult female, USNM 157753, length 1.26

mm: a, complete specimen showing parts of lateral ribs, central adductor

muscle attachment area (dashed circle) and some fossae; b, endopodite of

left 2nd antenna, medial view; c, anterior showing right lateral eye, medial

eye and rod-shaped organ, upper lip.
NUMBER 260

51

Rod-shaped Organ, Eyes (Figure 336): Rodshaped organ with about 8 sutures and pointed tip;

medial eye pigmented, bare; lateral eye faint, unpigmented, with 5 ommatidia.

REMARKS.—The unique specimen is larger than

previously described species from the coast of California. Although the carapace is decalcified and

somewhat distorted, I think that the given measurements may be close to its natural size.

Streptoleberis Brady, 1890

Streptoleberis Brady, 1890:515.—Miiller, 1893:381; 1894:213;

1906:30, 31; 1912:36, 51.—Brady and Norman, 1896:664.—

Skogsberg, 1920:165, 166.—Rome, 1942:9.—Sylvester-Bradley,

1961:Q400—Poulsen, 1962:339; 1965:144, 145.—Kornicker,

1967b:4.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Streptoleberis crenulata Brady,

1890, monotypy.

Brady (1890:515, pi. 4: figs. 3, 4) described and

illustrated only the carapace of Streptoleberis crenulata Brady 1890. Because that carapace resembles

those of some species of Harbansus, it was necessary

to examine the appendages of S. crenulata to determine whether the species referred herein to Harbansus could be referred to Streptoleberis, thus

eliminating the necessity to propose a riew genus.

Because critical appendages are missing from the

specimen of S. crenulata studied, it is necessary to

assign the species to "genus inquirendum and species

inquirenda," a category similar to that to which it

was previously referred by Miiller (1912:51).

Three species have been referred to Streptoleberis: S. crenulata Brady, 1890, S. favosa Brady and

FIGURE 33.—Harbansus species indeterminate, adult female,

USNM 157754, length 1.43 mm: a, endopodite of right 2nd

antenna, medial view; b, right lateral eye, medial eye and

rod-shaped organ.

Norman, 1896, and S. rectirostris Brady and Norman, 1896.

Streptoleberis crenulata Brady, 1890

FIGURES 34-36; PLATE 16

Streptoleberis crenulata Brady, 1890:515, pi. 4: figs. 3, 4;

1898:435.—Miiller, 1912:51.—Skogsberg, 1920:380.—Sylvester-Bradley, 1961 :Q400.—Poulsen, 1962:339; 1965:44.—Kornicker, 1967b:4.

HOLOTYPE.—Dry specimen (unique), length 1.05

mm (Brady, 1890:515).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Noumea, 2-4 fathoms (Brady,

1890:515).

MATERIAL.—The Brady Collection, The Hancock

Museum, New-Castle-upon-Tyne, Scotland, contains 2 slides with many dry ostracods belonging to

many species. According to Dr. A. G. Long of that

museum (in litt., 1976), Brady's book of species lists

a specimen on each slide as "Streptoleberis crenulata type." One of the slides is labeled "Slide 8,

off Cape Bon Louis, New Caledonia, 4 fathoms,

weedy." The other slide is labeled "Slide 7, New

Caledonia; Bane de L'aigulle, weedy bottom, 2-3

fathoms (H.B.B.)." 1 specimen on each slide resembles the specimen of Streptoleberis crenulata

illustrated by Brady (1890: pi. 4: figs. 3, 4). Dr.

Anthony Tynan of The Hancock Museum kindly

permitted softening and dissection of 1 of the specimens.

REMARKS.—When Brady (1890:516) described S.

crenulata he stated that only one example of the

species was found in the Noumea dredging. The

fact that 2 specimens of the species are labeled

"type" in the Brady collection is not unusual, because Brady appears often to have labeled as

"type," specimens collected near the type-locality

even though they may not have been considered in

the original description of the species. Brady (1890:

518) stated that he did not give precise localities of

collections where the "depth and physical conditions do not present any great variety." Because of

this it is not possible to be certain if either of the

two available specimens (both from near Noumea)

is the holotype.

The dried specimen from slide 8 upon which I

worked is 0.95 mm long compared to a length of

1.05 mm given by Brady for the holotype. However,

the presence of natatory hairs on the bristles of the
52

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 34.—Streptoleberis nemdata Brady, 1890, adult female, slide 8, length

0.95 mm, carapace: a, outline of complete specimen showing some surface

features; b, c, inside views of left and right rostra; d, inside view of left

caudal process (dotted circles represent sockets of missing bristles); e, ridges

on anteroventral infold of right valve.

2nd antenna of my specimen indicates it to be an

adult female, because bristles of juveniles of the

Philomedidae are without hairs. The difference in

lengths of the two specimens could be attributed to

either intraspecific variation or the dried condition

of my specimen.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE ON SLIDE 8 (Figures 34-36, Plate 16). Carapace (Figure 34a-d; Plate

I6a-c): Elongate with prominent rostrum and projecting caudal process.

Ornamentation: Carapace of specimen with parts

of shell missing. Longitudinal rib present near and

approximately parallel to anterodorsal margin of

valve (Plate 16a,b); 2nd longitudinal rib with anterior end near middle of rostrum and posterior

end missing (Plate 16a-c). Surface of valve with

large round fossae (Plate I6a-d), and with minute

pores on surface between fossae (Plate I6d-f). Bristles emerging from small fossae sparsely distributed

over valve surface (Plate I6d,e).

Infold: Rostral infold with 5 long bristles (Figure

S4b,c); anteroventral infold with at least 5 ridges

paralleling the anteroventral valve margin (Figure

S4e); infold of caudal process obscure on right valve

but left valve with about 7 sockets visible that probably once contained fairly large bristles (Figure

34d).

Size: Distorted dry specimen, length 0.95 mm,

height 0.51 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 35a,b): 1st joint: few

spines on medial and lateral surfaces. 2nd joint:

long proximal hairs and 1 distal bristle on dorsal

margin. 3rd joint: medial surface with faint spines

forming rows; dorsal margin with 2 subterminal

bristles; ventral margin with 1 short terminal bristle (bristle missing on left limb). 4th joint: dorsal

margin with 1 terminal bristle; ventral margin with

3 terminal bristles. 5th joint: sensory bristle broken

on both limbs, 3 short marginal filaments on remnant. 6th joint: minute, with short medial bristle.

7th joint: a-bristle slender, about three times length

of bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle with tip missing on

both limbs, remnant with 1 short distal filament;

c-bristle with tip missing on both limbs, remnant

with several marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and

e- bristles long, bare; f- and g-bristles with tips missing on both limbs, remnants with short marginal

filaments.

Second Antenna (Figure S5c-e): Protopodite bare.

Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint with 4 short ante-
NUMBER 260

53

FIGURE 35.—Streptoleberis crenulata Brady, 1890, adult female, slide 8, length 0.95 mm: a, b,

right and left 1st antennae, medial views; c, left 2nd antenna, lateral view; d, endopodite of

right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, lateral view (basal part

obscure and omitted from illustration); /, left mandible, medial view; g, right mandible, lateral

view (coxale and bristles of 3rd endopodial joint missing).
54

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE SG.—Streptoleberis crenulata Brady, 1890, adult female, slide 8, length 0.95 mm: a,

right maxilla, medial view; b, distal part of 5th limb; c, fragment of 6th limb (1 endite missing); d, fragment of 6th limb (1 endite and anterior part of end joint missing); e, endite I

of 6th limb (broken off one of the limbs); /, 7th limb; g, comb of 7th limb {belongs to 7th limb

not shown in /); h, left Y-sclerite, anterior to left; i, lateral eye.

rior bristles; 2nd joint with 1 long spinous proximal bristle and 1 short terminal bristle. Exopodite:

bristles of joints 2-8 with stout ventral spines; tips

of bristles of joints 2, 3, 6-8 broken off on both

limbs; bristles of joints 3 and 4 with distal natatory

hairs; 9th joint with 2 bristles (ventral of these with

stout ventral spines, dorsal bristle short, slender,

with minute marginal spines); joints 4-8 with stout

basal spine; 9th joint with small lateral spine;

joints 2-8 with spines forming row along distal

margin.

Mandible (Figure 35/,g): Coxale endite bifurcate,
NUMBER 260

pectinate, with long hairs near base. Basale: medial

side with 2 or 3 small proximal bristles near ventral

margin; ventral margin with 4 bristles (some of

these may have their bases on medial or lateral

sides of joint); dorsal margin of 2nd joint with 1

bristle near middle and 2 terminal. Exopodite

about two-thirds length of dorsal margin of 1st

endopodial joint, with 2 distal ventral bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 ventral bristles; dorsal

margin with bristles forming 2 groups near middle

(1 bristle in proximal group; 5 or 6 in distal group,

some with bases on lateral side of joint); ventral

margin with bristles forming 2 distal groups (2 in

proximal group, 3 in distal group); end joint with

2 stout terminal spinous claws, 1 minute dorsal

claw, 1 lateral bristle near dorsal margin, and 2

medial bristles near ventral margin.

Maxilla (Figure 36a): Precoxale and coxale with

long hairs fringing dorsal margin. Coxale with hirsute dorsal bristle. Endites I and II each with 6

spinous or pectinate bristles; endite III with about

7 bristles. Lateral side with 1 bristle near base of

dorsal bristle of coxale. Basale with 3 bristles along

distal margin. Exopodite with 3 bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 spinous subterminal a-bristle

and 3 /?-bristles; end joint with about 6 (possibly

more) bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 36b): Bristles obscure but 3

endites appear to be present. Exopodite: main tooth

of 1st joint with stout bifurcate tooth (additional

smaller teeth may be present but area obscure on

mounted limb); triangular tooth of 2nd joint with

inner corner fairly short (not prolonged as on

species of Pseudophilomed.es).

Sixth Limb (Figure S6c-e): Both limbs fragmented. A single bristle in place of epipodial appendage. Endite I with 3 bristles; endite II with 2

or 3 bristles; endite III with 3-5 bristles; endite IV

with 5 or 6 bristles. End joint not projecting posteriorly, with about 5 bristles (posterior 2 bristles

long, hirsute).

Seventh Limb (Figure 36/,g): Limb with 2 proximal bristles (1 on each side) and 6 terminal bristles

(3 on each side); each bristle with up to 6 bells and

with marginal spines proximal to bells. Terminus

consisting of 4 or 5 short pegs opposite comb with

about 7 recurved teeth.

Furca: Missing on specimen.

Rod-shaped Organ: Not observed.

Eyes: Medial eye not observed. Lateral eye pigmented brown, small, with 2 large ommatidia

(Figure 36t).

Y-Sclerite (Figure 36/i): Typical for family.

DISCUSSION.—Unfortunately, the furcal lamellae

were missing on the specimen. Also, the rod-shaped

organ and medial eye were not observed, and it

could not be determined whether they had been

lost, or had never been present.

The available appendages show that the species

is a member of the Philomedidae, not a male of the

Sarsiellidae as thought possible by Miiller (1912:51)

The presence of about 7 fairly large sockets on

the caudal infold (Figure 34d), that probably once

held stout bristles, combined with the morphology

of the end joint of the 6th limb, which does not

project posteriorly (Figure 36c), suggests that the

species is a member of the subfamily Pseudophilomedinae rather than the subfamily Philomedinae.

The subfamily Pseudophilomedinae contains 4

genera: Pseudophilomedes Miiller, 1893, Paramekodon Brady and Norman, 1896, Tetragondon

Brady and Norman, 1896, and Harbansus, new

genus. The morphology of the triangular tooth of

the 2nd exopodial joint of the 5th limb of Streptoleberis crenulata (Figure 36fr) indicates that the

species is not closely related to members of either

Pseudophilomedes or Paramekodon. The shape of

the carapace suggests that Streptoleberis crenulata

is closely related to members of the genus Harbansus. Indeed, it is quite possible that Harbansus

is a junior synonym of Streptoleberis. However, because of the absence of knowledge concerning the

morphology of the furca and rod-shaped organ of

Streptoleberis crenulata, I cannot be certain of the

relationship between Harbansus and Streptoleberis.

Therefore, I assign Streptoleberis crenulata to the

category "genus inquirendum and species inquirenda."

My description of Streptoleberis crenulata should

permit recognition of the species when additional

specimens are collected in the vicinity of Noumea.

Streptoleberis favosa Brady and Norman, 1896

FIGURE 37

Streptoleberis favosa Brady and Xorman, 1896:665, pi. 59:

figs. 16-18, pi. 62: figs. 20, 21.—Miiller, 1912:51 [referred

species to "Cypridinidarum genera dubia et species dubiae"].—Kornicker, 1967b:4.

HOLOTYPE.—None selected.
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TYPE-LOCALITY.—None selected, but type-series

from west coast of Morocco and off the coasts of

Sudan, 836-2333 m (Brady and Norman, 1896:666).

MATERIAL.—Through the courtesy of Dr. Albert

G. Long I received from the Brady Collection at

The Hancock Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Scotland, 2 slides.

Slide I: A cardboard slide witu 4 whole dry specimens

labeled "Streptoleberis favosa B&N, Talisman, Cote occ. du

Maroc [Morocco] au large du Cap Canton, 836 meters,

17/6/83."

Slide 2: A glass slide containing a left and right valve and

some appendages labeled "Streptoleberis favosa Brad. &

Norm., off Maroceo [Morocco], Talisman, Marquis de Folin,

Hancock Museum, Newcastle-on-Tyne." The slide is not in

good condition and little information can be derived from it.

REMARKS.—Kornicker and Caraion (1977) described many species of Philomedidae from the

coast of West Africa but were unable to relate to

S. favosa with certainty any species in their collection. Therefore, they left S. favosa in the category it was referred to by Miiller (1912:51), "Cypridinidarum genera dubia et species dubiae."

Although the poor condition of the mounted

syntype (slide 2) does not permit complete knowledge of the morphology of the specimen, examination of that and the dry specimens permits some

conclusions.

1. The squarish shape of the 2nd exopodial joint

of the 5th limb (Figure S7g,h) indicates that the

species is not closely related to either PseudophiloFIGURE 37.—Streptoleberis favosa Brady and Norman, 1896: a, dry complete specimen in middle

of slide 1, length 1.32 mm; b, central adductor muscle attachment scars of left valve shown in

e, outside view, anterior towards left; c, right valve on slide 2, length 1.38 mm, inside view

(infold and infold bristles not shown); d, sockets of bristles of caudal process of valve shown in

e, medial view, e, left valve on slide 2, length 1.37 mm, inside view (infold and infold bristles

not shown); /, endopodite of 2nd antenna on slide 2; g, h, 2nd exopodial joints of 5th limbs on

slide 2.
NUMBER 260

57

medes Miiller, 1893, ox Paramekodon Brady and

Noman, 1896.

2. The endopodite of the 2nd antenna (Figure

37/) is obscure, but seems to consist of a single joint

with 3 bristles (1 of these may be longer than

others). I am not confident in the accuracy of the

observation because of the poor condition of the

specimen. One of the dry specimens should be

chemically softened and appendages studied. The

endopodite resembles somewhat that of H. bowenae,

and less closely that of the aberrant juvenile female

endopodite of H. schornikovi illustrated by Kornicker and Caraion (1977: fig. 31c).

3. The valves on slide 2 and the dry specimens

on slide 1 vary in length from 1.32 mm to 1.38 mm.

The A-l male of H. schornikovi measures 0.96 mm

in length. If that measurement is multiplied by

1.26, a growth factor not unreasonable for ostracodes, the adult may be predicted to be about 1.21

mm long. It is not known whether the syntypes of

S. favosa are adult, but the relative lengths of the

syntypes and the hypothetical length of the adult

H. schornikovi suggest that S. favosa is larger than

H. schornikovi.

4. The anterior edge of the valve medial to the

rostrum of the specimen of S. favosa on slide 2 is

parallel to the edge of the rostrum, not oblique to

it as in H. schornikovi. However, because of the

poor condition of the slide I could not be absolutely certain of this.

5. The bristles on the infold of the caudal process

of valves of S. favosa on slide 2 are of the type

typical of species of Harbansus.

6. The number and distribution of claws on the

furca illustrated by Brady and Norman (1896: pi.

62: fig. 20) show it to be of the type typical of

Harbansus, and indicates that S. favosa is not closely

related to Tetragonodon Brady and Norman, 1896.

From the above I have tentatively concluded that

S. favosa is more closely related to Harbansus than

to other genera of Philomedidae. Available data

indicate that it is not conspecific with H. schornikovi, but I do not rule out the possibility that

additional study may prove this premise false.

Therefore, I favor leaving S. favosa in the category

to which it was referred by Muller (1912:51),

"Cypridinidarum genera dubia et species dubiae."

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION.—Carapace: Similar

in outline to that of H. schornikovi, but edge of

valve medial to distal end or rostrum not oblique

(so far as I could determine from examination of

slide 2, Figure 57a-e), surface with numerous shallow fossae.

Infold: Infold of rostrum with bristles (exact

number could not be ascertained because of poor

condition of slide 2); infold of caudal process with

at least 4 stout bristles (only sockets visible on slide

2, Figure 37d).

Size: Right valve on slide 2, length 1.38 mm,

height 0.80 mm; left valve on side 2, length 1.37

mm, height 0.87 mm; dry specimen in middle of

slide 1, length 1.32 mm, height 0.82 mm (remaining

3 dry specimens on slide 1 about same size as measured specimen).

Second Antenna: Endopodite obscure but seeming to consist of single joint with 3 bristles (Figure

37/).

Fifth Limb: 2nd exopodial joint with squarish

tooth similar to that of H. schornikovi (Figure

$7g,h).

Furca: Only 3 disarticulate claws observed on

slide 2. Furcal lamella illustrated by Brady and

Norman (1896: pi. 62: fig. 20) is similar to that of

E. schornikovi.

Streptoleberis rectirostris Brady and Norman, 1896

Streptoleberis rectirostris Brady and Norman, 1896:666, pi.

59: figs. 11-13.—Miiller, 1912:52 [referred species to "Cypridinidarum genera dubia et species dubiae"].—Kornicker,

1967b:4 [concurred with Muller, 1912:52].

HOLOTYPE.—None selected.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—None selected but the 2 specimens upon which the species was based came from

the Bay of Biscay and off the coast of Sudan (Mauritania) from depths of 2794 m and 2333 m, respectively.

MATERIAL.—I have a bathyal sample (Atlantis II,

cruise 31, station 167) from off Brazil that contains

specimens that have a carapace with a shape similar

to that of S. rectirostris. I plan to describe these at

a later date. Preliminary study indicates that the

species is more cloesly related to the genus Philomedes than to other genera in the family. Until the

appendages of S. rectirostris are known, the species

should remain where it was referred by Muller,

"Cypridinidarum genera dubia et species dubiae."
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der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Natunvessenchaflishe Klasse. 102:31-46.

Hartmann, Gerd

1959. Zur Kenntnis der lotischen Lebensbereiche der pazifischen Kiiste von El Salvador unter besonderer

Beriicksichtigung seiner Ostracodenfauna. Kieler

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Hennig, W.

1966. Phylogenetic Systematics. Translated by D. Dwight

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Juday, Chauncy

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Kornicker, Louis S.

1958. Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank.

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(3563): 1-21, 10 figures.

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1-35, 12 figures, 1 plate.

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60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 1.—Harbansus paucichelatus Koi nicker, 1958, adult female, USNM 150107, length 0.91

mm, right valve, lateral view: a, rostrum, showing fossae, ribs, and lamellar prolongation of

selvage, X 500; b, detail from near middle of a showing pore with emerging bristle, minute open

pores and pustules, X 10,000; c, detail from lower edge of rostrum in a showing pore with

emerging bristle, open pores, pustules, and short blunt spines, X 10,000; d, posterodorsal corner

of valve showing fossae and long bristles, X 500; e, detail from middle of d showing open pores,

pustules, and flat-bottomed pits with minute pustules on bottom, long rods may be bristles,

X 5000; /, detail from lower right of e showing flat-bottomed pits with ring of minute pustules,

and short blunt spines, X 15,750. (Micrographs reduced to 70%.)
NUMBER 260 61

PLATE 2.—Harbansus paucichelatus Kornicker, 1958, adult female, USNM 150107, length 0.91

mm, right valve: a, lateral surface showing fossae (arrow points to minute coccolith in upper

left of middle of photo), X 1300; b, fossa on lower left of a, showing small nodes with central

pit on bottom of fossa and flat-bottomed pits, open pores, and short blunt spines outside of

fossa, X 3350; c, from b showing flat-bottomed pits containing pustules, and short blunt spines,

X 8000; d, inside view of rostrum showing bristles and lamellar prolongation of selvage, X 900;

e inside view of caudal process showing frondlike bristles, X 900; /, bristles shown in e,

X 2900. (Micrographs reduced to 71%.)
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 3.—Harbansus bradmyersi, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156688, length

0.93 mm, right valve, outside view: a, complete valve, X 100; b, dorsal view, anterior to left,

X 100; c, anterior view, venter to left, X 175; d, rostrum and incisur, X 400; e, posterior edge

of incisur showing fringed edge of lamellar prolongation of selvage and 2 bristles of valve,

X 2000; /, pore on caudal process with emerging bristle (note pit near base of bristle), X 14,000.

(Micrographs reduced to 74%.)
NUMBER 260 63

PLATE 4.—Harbansus bradmyersi, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156688, length

0.93 mm, right valve, outside view: a, shallow fossae and bristles X 2500; b, detail of base of

bristle and pore near middle of a, X 7500; c, bifurcate bristle on lower left of a, X 7500; d,

base of bristle on rostrum, X 10,000; e, f, pustules on valve surface, X 25,000. (Micrographs reduced to 76%.)
64

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 5.—Harbansus bradmyersi, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156688, length

0.93 mm, left valve: a, dorsal view, anterior to left, X 115; b, fossae and bristles, X 750; c,

single bristle and pore left of middle of b, X 2800; d, bifurcate bristle to right of middle of b,

X 5000; e, bifurcate bristle on lower left of b, X 6400; /, inside view of valve, X 115. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 260 65

PLATE 6.—Harbansus bradmyersi, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156688, length

0.93 mm, left valve, inside view: a, rostrum showing bristles and fringed margin of lamellar prolongation of selvage, X 410; b, bristles of rostrum, from a, X 1825; c, caudal process showing

frondlike bristles, X 575; d, bristle in c, X 2150; e, lower bristle in c, x 5000; /, distal part of

bristle in d, X 11,500. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
66

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 7.—Harbansus mayeri, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 156694, length 0.96

mm, left valve (distorted), outside view: a, complete valve, lateral view, X 95; b, dorsal view,

anterior to right, x 95; c, oblique view of anterior, X 120; d, oblique posterior view, venter to

left, X 120; e, incisur and tip of rostrum in a, note stalked protistans, X 500; /, fossae and

bristles in a, X 775. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 260 67

PLATE 8.—Harbansus mayeri, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 156694, length 0.96

mm, left valve, outside view: a, fossa from lower middle of Plate 7/ showing nodes with central

pit on bottom of fossa, and lower nodes with central pit outside of fossa, X 2000; b, fossa filled

with debris and diatom, X 2300; c, nodes on bottom of fossa in a showing peripheral lip around

pit of node, X 14,000; d, papillae covering low nodes and surface between nodes, from valve

surface between fossae in /, X 20,000; e, detail of c showing papillae on, and between, nodes,

X 30,000; /, low nodes, papillae, and bristle emerging from closed pore, X 5250. (Micrographs

reduced to 72%.)
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 9.—Harbansus dayi, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156776, length 1.36 mm,

left valve: a, complete valve, lateral view, X 70; b, anterior view, X 400; c, posterior view, X 80;

d, dorsal view, anterior to right, X 70; e, incisur and rostrum in a, X 250; /, caudal process,

inside view, X 400; g, fossae and bristles near middle of a, X 280. (Micrographs reduced to

77%.)
NUMBER 260 69

PLATE 10.—Harbansus dayi, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156776, left valve, outside view: a, fossae and bristle in left of middle of Plate 9g, x 1500; b, nodes with central pore

at bottom of fossa in a, X 10,000; c, simple pores and pustules near top of a, X 10,000; d, pores

and spaghetti-like structure in lower right of a, X 10,000; e, part of valve with and without

spaghetti-like structure, X 5,000; /, detail from e, X 20,000. (Micrographs reduced to 74%.)
70

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 11.—Harbansus bowenae, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 156912, length 0.92

mm, right valve, lateral view: a, rostrum with shallow fossae and bristles, X 520; b, caudal

process, X 340; c, nodes on posterior corner of rostrum, X 2100; d, valve surface showing bristle,

fossa, and nodes with central pore, X 3200; e, detail from d showing nodes with central pore

and pustules, (note peculiar surface structure on upper left), X 10,700; /, pores and peculiar

surface structure in d, X 10,700. (Micrographs reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 260 71

PLATE 12.—Harbansus barnardi, new species, adult female, holotype, USNM 156907, length 1.01

mm, right valve: a, fossae and bristles near valve middle, X 1070; b, detail of fossae and bristle

near middle of a, X 2100; c, detail from near middle of b, X 5300; d, base of bristle and shallow

pores in c, X 10,000; e, nodes with central pit forming row around rim of fossa in lower right

of b, X 10,000; /, shallow pores in c, X 10,000. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 13.—Harbansus species A, adult female, USNM 157752, length 1.18 mm, distorted left

valve, lateral view: a, complete valve, X 85; b, anterior, from a, X 300; c, fossae and bristles in

vicinity of adductor muscle scar area in a, X 360, d, bristle in b (note pore near base of bristle),

X 8600; e, bottom of fossa showing 2 pores, from right end of c, X 10,500; /, diatom attached

to valve, X 7500. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 260 73

PLATE 14.—Harbansus species B, adult female, USNM 157753, length 1.26 mm, left valve, lateral

view: a, complete valve, X 75; b, anterior of a, X 300; c, posterior of a, x 300; d, fossae, nodes

with central pore, pore fields, and long bristle, from b, X 1500; e, fossae, nodes with central pore,

pore fields, and proximal part of bristle, from b, X 1500; /, nodes with central pore containing

minute inner teeth, from bottom of fossa near middle of e, X 15,000. (Micrographs reduced to

77%.)
74

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 15.—Harbansus species B, adult female, left valve, USNM 157753, length 1.26 mm: a,

proximal part of bristle emerging from closed pore, and valve surface showing minute pustules,

from Plate I4d, X 7500; b, pore near base of bristle in a, x 20,000; c, pore field to right of fossa

near middle of Plate 14e, x 7500; d, detail of c, x 15,000; e, dorsal view of left valve with part

of right valve attached, narrow horizontal band in middle of photo is ligament, X 1500; /,

detail of ligament in e, X 15,000. ("Micrographs reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 260 75

PLATE 16.—Streptoleberis crenulata Brady, 1890, adult female, slide 8, length 0.95 mm, carapace:

a, complete specimen from left side, anterior to left, X 100; b, anterior view of specimen on right

side, venter to right, X 130; c, detail of rostrum, from a, X 280; d, detail of surface showing

fossae and scattered bristles, X 1000; e, detail showing bristle and pores, from upper left of d,

X 5000; /, detail of pores in lower left of e, X 10,000. (Micrographs reduced to 81%.)

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