United States

Department of 

Agriculture

Forest Service

Northern 

Research Station

Resource Bulletin

NRS-77

North Dakota Timber Industry:

An Assessment of Timber 

Product Output and Use

2009

David E. Haugen

Robert A. Harsel
Visit our Web site: www.nrs.fs.fed.us

Published by: For additional copies:

U.S. Forest Service U.S. Forest Service 

Northern Research Station Publications Distribution

11 Campus Blvd, Suite 200 359 Main Road

Newtown Square, PA 19073-3294 Delaware, OH 43015-8640

Fax: 740-368-0152

Abstract

In 2009, there were 13 primary wood-processing mills in North Dakota, 4 more mills than in 

2003. These mills processed 68,000 cubic feet of industrial roundwood, of which 66,000 

cubic feet was harvested from the State. Another 89,300 cubic feet of the industrial roundwood 

harvested in North Dakota was sent to primary wood-processing mills in Minnesota. Saw log 

harvesting accounted for 97 percent of the total harvest. The harvesting of industrial roundwood 

products resulted in 79,300 cubic feet of logging residues. Primary wood-processing mills 

generated 987,700 green tons of mill residues; 40 percent of the mill residues were used for 

domestic fuel. Thirty-three percent of the mill residues generated were not used for other products.

Cover Photo

Aspen harvest. Photo by U.S. Forest Service.

Manuscript received for publication August 2012

May 2013
Contents

Introduction.......................................................................................................................1

The Authors....................................................................................................................1

Study Methods..................................................................................................................2

Primary Timber Industry in North Dakota ......................................................................4

Industrial Roundwood ....................................................................................................4

Saw Logs .......................................................................................................................6

Timber Removals ...........................................................................................................7

Harvest Intensity ............................................................................................................8

Primary Mill Residues ....................................................................................................9

Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................10

Literature Cited...............................................................................................................11

Appendix .........................................................................................................................12

	 Definition of Terms .......................................................................................................12

	 Names of Tree Species by Species Group..................................................................16

Tables ..........................................................................................................................18

1

INTRODUCTION

North Dakota’s wood products manufacturing industry employs more than 1,900 

workers with an output of about $340 million (NAICS 321—wood product 

manufacturing) (U.S. Census Bureau 2007). This bulletin analyzes recent North 

Dakota forest industry trends and reports the results of a detailed study of the 

forest product industry, industrial roundwood production, and associated primary 

mill wood and bark residue production in North Dakota in 2009. Such detailed 

information is necessary for long range planning and decisionmaking in wood 

procurement, economic research, forest resources management, and forest industry 

development. Likewise, researchers use current forest industry and industrial 

roundwood information for assessing future research needs and project development.

The 2003 Timber Industrial Assessment for North Dakota (Haugen and Harsel 

2005) was used as a primary baseline of comparison for results. As a result of our 

ongoing efforts to improve the timber product output (TPO) survey’s efficiency 

and reliability, minor changes in previously published data (e.g., Haugen and 

Harsel 2005) may have occurred because of omissions or correction of errors 

with the reprocessing of earlier data. Rows and columns of supporting tables in 

the current report may not sum due to rounding, but data in each table cell are 

accurately displayed.

Information about the forest land resource of North Dakota is available at the 

Forest Inventory and Analysis Web site at: http://nrs.fs.fed.us/fia/data-tools/statereports/ND.

The Authors

David E. Haugen is a 

forester with the Forest Inventory 

and Analysis Program, 

U.S. Forest Service, Northern 

Research Station, St. Paul, MN.

Robert a. Harsel is a 

stewardship manager with the 

North Dakota Forest Service, 

Lisbon, ND.
2

STUDY METHODS

This study was a cooperative effort between the North Dakota Forest Service (NDFS) and 

the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) unit at the Northern Research Station (NRS) of the 

U.S. Forest Service. The FIA program is responsible for providing forest resource statistics for 

all ownerships across the United States, including timber products outputs.

Using questionnaires supplied by NRS and designed to determine the size and composition 

of the State’s primary wood-using industry, its use of roundwood, and its generation 

and disposition of wood residues, NDFS surveyed all known primary wood-using mills. 

Completed questionnaires were sent to NRS to process and analyze. As part of data 

processing, all industrial roundwood volumes reported on the questionnaires were converted 

to standard units of measure using regional conversion factors (Table 1). Timber removals 

by source of material and harvest residues generated during logging were estimated from 

standard product volumes using factors developed from logging utilization studies previously 

conducted by NRS. Data on North Dakota’s industrial roundwood receipts were loaded 

into a regional timber removals database where they were supplemented with data on out-of 

State uses of North Dakota roundwood to provide a complete assessment of North Dakota’s 

timber product output. 

Certain terms used in this report—retained, export, import, production, and receipts—

have specialized meanings and relationships unique to the FIA program that surveys timber 

product output (TPO) (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.—Diagram of the movement of industrial roundwood.
3

Table 1.—Conversion factors from reported unit of measure to standard unit of measureaProduct (Standard unit of measure)

Reported unit of measure

International 

1⁄4-inch rule

MBF

Doyle 

scale MBF

Green

tons

Standard

cords

Thousand 

pieces

Thousand 

cubic feet

Saw logs and handles(MBF International 1⁄4-inch rule) 1 1.38 0.2174 0.5 0.158Veneer logs and cooperage(MBF International 1⁄4-inch rule) 1 1.14 0.5 0.158Pulp and composite products, and industrial fuelwood(Standard cords) 0.4167 1 0.079Mine timbers(Thousand cubic feet) 0.2322 0.079 6.7 1

Poles(Pieces) 20 4.348 10 1,000 0.0079

Posts(Thousand pieces) 0.2 0.04167 0.1 1 0.79Cabin logs, excelsior/shavings, and miscellaneous products(Thousand cubic feet) 0.158 0.21804 0.0329193 0.079 7.9 1

a Reported volume times conversion factor = Standard volume.
4

PRIMARY TIMBER INDUSTRY IN North Dakota

Industrial Roundwood

•	 In 2009, North Dakota’s primary wood-using industry totaled 13 mills, an increase 

of 4 mills since 2003 (Table 2, Fig. 2).

•	 In 2009, the primary wood-using mills in North Dakota processed 68,000 cubic feet 

of industrial roundwood (Table 3).

•	 Ninety-eight percent of the industrial roundwood processed by the State’s primary 

wood-using mills was cut from North Dakota forest lands. Minnesota forests 

supplied the small amount of out-of-State wood used by North Dakota’s forest 

products industry (Table 4).

•	 Eighty-seven percent of the industrial roundwood processed by North Dakota 

primary wood-using mills were hardwood species. Cottonwood alone accounted for 

83 percent of the total volume processed. Other species of importance to the forest 

products industry were ponderosa pine, spruce, eastern redcedar, ash, and bur oak.

•	 Industrial roundwood production decreased by 48 percent, or 295,300 cubic feet in 

2003 to 153,200 cubic feet in 2009 (Table 5, Fig. 3).

Figure 2.—Primary wood-using mills by region, North Dakota, 2009.
5

0.0	
  

100.0	
  

200.0	
  

300.0	
  

400.0	
  

500.0	
  

600.0	
  

1993	
   1998	
   2003	
   2009	
  

Industrial	
  Roundwood	
  Produc1on	
  

(thousand	
  cubic	
  feet)	
  

Survey	
  Year	
  

So.woods	
  

Hardwoods	
  

0.0	
   20.0	
   40.0	
   60.0	
   80.0	
   100.0	
   120.0	
   140.0	
   160.0	
  

Basswood	
  

Eastern	
  redcedar	
  

Elm	
  

Ash	
  

White	
  oak	
  group	
  

Spruce	
  

Ponderosa	
  pine	
  

Aspen/balsam	
  poplar	
  

CoDonwood	
  

Industrial	
  Roundwood	
  Produc1on	
  

(thousand	
  cubic	
  feet)	
  

Species	
  Group	
  

Figure 3.—Industrial roundwood production by softwoods and hardwoods, and survey year, North

Dakota (Haugen and Harsel 2001, Haugen and Harsel 2005, May and Harsel 1995).

•	 Forty-three percent of the 156,300 cubic feet of industrial roundwood harvested 

in North Dakota was processed in the State (Table 6). Primary wood processors in 

Minnesota received the remaining 57 percent of the industrial roundwood exported 

out of state. 

•	 In 2009, 92 percent or 143,700 cubic feet of industrial roundwood was harvested 

from the Eastern Forest Inventory Unit (Table 7). Industrial roundwood harvests 

from the Western Unit were 8 percent (12,500 cubic feet). 

•	 Cottonwood was the most harvested species for industrial roundwood in 2009 

(Fig. 4). Other important species harvested were aspen/balsam poplar, ponderosa 

pine, spruce, bur oak, and ash. 

Figure 4.—Industrial roundwood production by species group, North Dakota, 2009.
6

•	 Sawmills were the largest consumers of North Dakota industrial roundwood 

produced in 2009. (Table 8, Fig. 5).

0.0	
  

100.0	
  

200.0	
  

300.0	
  

400.0	
  

500.0	
  

600.0	
  

1993	
   1998	
   2003	
   2009	
  

Industrial	
  Roundwood	
  Produc1on	
  

(thousand	
  cubic	
  feet)	
  

Survey	
  Year	
  

Other	
  products	
  

Saw	
  logs	
  

Figure 5.—Industrial roundwood production, in thousand cubic feet, by product and survey year,

North Dakota (Haugen and Harsel 2001, Haugen and Harsel 2005, May and Harsel 1995).

Saw Logs

•	 North Dakota sawmill receipts totaled 359,000 board feet in 2009, an increase of 

33 percent from 2003 (Table 9). Softwood saw log receipts were estimated at 22,000 

board feet, while those of hardwoods equaled 338,000 board feet.

•	 Cottonwood saw log receipts increased by 49 percent, while aspen/balsam poplar 

and bur oak saw log receipts declined between the 2003 and 2009 survey.

•	 Saw log production decreased by 15 percent between 2003 and 2009, from 

1 million board feet in 2003 to 859,000 board feet in 2009. Softwood saw log 

production increased to 16,000 board feet in 2009, while that of hardwoods 

decreased by 16 percent to 842,000 board feet.

•	 In 2009, cottonwood accounted for almost 89 percent of the total harvest of saw 

logs from North Dakota forests. Other important species groups harvested were 

aspen/balsam poplar, spruce, and bur oak (Fig. 6).

•	 Residential fuelwood is not included in this report.
7

0	
   100	
   200	
   300	
   400	
   500	
   600	
   700	
   800	
   900	
   1,000	
  

Eastern	
  redcedar	
  

Ponderosa	
  pine	
  

Spruce	
  

Ash	
  

Aspen/balsam	
  poplar	
  

Basswood	
  

CoEonwood	
  

Elm	
  

White	
  oak	
  group	
  

Other	
  hardwoods	
  

Saw	
  Log	
  Produc-on	
  

(thousand	
  board	
  feet)	
  

Species	
  Group	
  

2009	
   2003	
  

Timber Removals

•	 During the harvest of industrial roundwood from North Dakota’s forests in 2009, 

156,200 cubic feet of wood material from growing stock (e.g., sawtimber and pole 

timber) and non-growing stock (e.g., limb wood, saplings, cull trees, dead trees) was 

used for primary wood products and another 79,300 cubic feet of wood material 

from growing stock (e.g., logging residue) and non-growing stock (e.g., logging 

slash) was left on the ground as harvest residues (Table 10, Fig. 7).

Figure 6.—Saw log production by species group, North Dakota, 2003 and 2009.

Saw$mber	
  

59%	
  

Pole$mber	
  size	
  

4%	
  

Saplings	
  and	
  limbwood	
  

3%	
  

Logging	
  slash	
  

22%	
  

Logging	
  

residue	
  

12%	
   U$lized-­‐Industrial	
  Roundwood	
  

Saw$mber	
  

U$lized-­‐Industrial	
  Roundwood	
  

Pole$mber	
  size	
  

U$lized-­‐Industrial	
  Roundwood	
  Saplings	
  

and	
  limbwood	
  

Not	
  U$lized-­‐Harvest	
  Residues	
  Logging	
  

slash	
  

Not	
  U$lized-­‐Harvest	
  Residues	
  Logging	
  

residue	
  

Figure 7.—Distribution of timber removals for industrial roundwood by source of material,

North Dakota, 2009.
8

•	 Growing-stock sources, at 176,300 cubic feet, were the largest component of 

removals for industrial roundwood production. Eighty-five percent of the growing 

stock removed was used for products and 15 percent was left as harvest residue. 

Sawtimber-size trees accounted for 79 percent of the growing-stock volume used for 

products, and the remainder came from pole-size trees.

•	 In 2009, 59,300 cubic feet of non-growing-stock wood material was removed in the 

production of industrial roundwood, but only 11 percent of this material was used 

for products and the remainder was left on the ground as logging slash. Fifty-eight 

percent of the non-growing-stock material used for industrial roundwood came from 

limbs of growing-stock trees and the other 42 percent came from cull trees.

•	 Ninety-two percent of the total growing-stock material removed from North Dakota’s 

timberland in 2009 came from the Eastern Forest Inventory Unit (Table 11).

•	 In 2009, 871,000 board feet were removed from North Dakota’s sawtimber 

inventory (Table 12). Cottonwood accounted for 88 percent of the total sawtimber 

volume removed. 

•	 The harvesting of industrial roundwood products from North Dakota forests in 

2009 left 79,300 cubic feet of harvest residues on the ground (Table 13).

Harvest Intensity

•	 Statewide in 2009, there was an average of 14.0 cubic feet of average annual net 

growth (gross growth minus mortality) of growing stock per acre on forest land, 

and an average of 1.8 cubic feet of harvest-related wood removals per acre of forest 

land in North Dakota. Only two counties had more than 2 cubic feet of total 

wood material removed per acre of forest land (Fig. 8). (For reference, a cord of 

roundwood contains about 79 cubic feet of wood.)

•	 In 2009, there were 741,100 acres of forest land in North Dakota (Haugen 2010). 

The net volume in live trees on forest land was 679 million cubic feet. The 235,500 

cubic feet of total wood material removed due to harvesting (Table 10) was less than 

1 percent of the total live volume of trees on forest land in North Dakota.

Primary Mill Residues

•	 In converting industrial roundwood into products, such as lumber, North Dakota’s 

primary wood-using industries generated 987,700 green tons of wood residue 

(coarse and fine residues) and bark residue (Table 14).

•	 Twenty-two percent of the mill residues were in the form of bark residue. Fine 

wood residue (e.g., sawdust) made up another 28 percent of the total mill residues. 

Coarse wood residue (e.g., slabs and edgings residue) accounted for the remaining 

50 percent (Fig. 9). 
9

Figure 8.—Harvest intensity for industrial roundwood production, North Dakota, 2009.

50%	
  

28%	
  

22%	
  

Coarse	
  residue	
  

Fine	
  residue	
  

Bark	
  residue	
  

Figure 9.—Distribution of residues generated by primary wood-using mills by type of residue,

North Dakota, 2009.
10

•	 Seventy-seven percent of the coarse residue was used for domestic fuel. Miscellaneous 

uses consumed 79 percent of the total fine residue generated, and 92 percent of the 

bark residue generated went unused.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Special thanks are given to the primary wood-using firms for supplying information for 

this study and to the North Dakota Forest Service whose cooperation in canvassing survey 

respondents is greatly appreciated.

Figures 2 and 8 were created by Brian Walters, forester with Forest Inventory and Analysis 

in St. Paul, MN.

•	 Residential fuel, unused, miscellaneous use (e.g., livestock bedding, small dimension, 

and specialty items), and mulch accounted for 40, 33, 25, and 2 percent, respectively 

of the end-use of mill residues generated by the primary wood processors in 

North Dakota (Fig. 10).

Residen'al	
  fuel	
  

40%	
  

Mulch	
  

2%	
  

Miscellaneous	
  

25%	
  

Not	
  used	
  

33%	
  

Figure 10.—Distribution of residues generated by primary wood-using mills by method of disposal,

North Dakota, 2009.
11

LITERATURE CITED

Haugen, D.E. 2010. North Dakota’s forest resources, 2009. Res. Note NRS-83. Newtown 

Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 4 p.

Haugen, D. E.; Harsel, R. A. 2005 North Dakota timber industry—an assessment 

of timber product output and use, 2003. Resour. Bull. NC-252. St. Paul, MN: 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 18 p. 

Haugen, D.E.; Harsel, R.A. 2001 North Dakota timber industry—an assessment of timber 

product output and use, 1998. Resour. Bull. NC-199. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department 

of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 16 p. 

May, D.M.; Harsel, R. A. 1995 North Dakota timber industry—an assessment of timber 

product output and use, 1993. Resour. Bull. NC-161. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department 

of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 14 p. 

Miles, P.D. 2011. Forest Inventory EVALIDator Web-application version 4.01 beta.

St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 

Available at: http://fiatools.fs.fed.us/Evalidator4/tmattribute.jsp

U. S. Census Bureau. 2007. 2007 Economic census – manufacturing – North Dakota.

Available at http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t 

(Accessed May 2011).
12

APPENDIX

Definition of Terms

Board foot. Unit of measure applied to roundwood. It relates to lumber that is 1 foot long, 

1 foot wide, and 1 inch thick (or its equivalent).

Bolt. A short log no more than 8 feet long to be sawn for lumber, peeled or sliced for veneer, 

shaved for excelsior, or converted into shingles, cooperage stock, dimension stock, blocks, 

blanks, or other products.

Central stem. The portion of a tree between a 1-foot stump and the minimum 4.0-inch top 

diameter outside bark, or point where the central stem breaks into limbs.

Coarse mill residue. Wood residue suitable for chipping such as slabs, edgings, and 

veneer cores.

Commercial species. Tree species presently or prospectively suitable for industrial wood 

products. (Note: Excludes species of typically small size, poor form, or inferior quality 

such as hophornbeam, Osage-orange, and redbud.)

Cull removals. Net volume of rough and rotten trees plus the net volume in sections of the 

central stem of growing-stock trees that do not meet regional merchantability standards 

but are harvested for industrial roundwood products.

Diameter at breast height (d.b.h.). The outside bark diameter at 4.5 feet above the forest 

floor on the uphill side of the tree. For determining breast height, the forest floor includes 

the duff layer that may be present, but does not include unincorporated woody debris that 

may rise above the ground line.

Doyle rule. A simple log rule or formula for estimating the board-foot volume of logs based 

on a 4-inch slabbing allowance to square the log. This rule is used in the Eastern and 

Southern United States.

Exports. The volume of roundwood utilized by mills outside the state where the timber 

was harvested.

Fine mill residue. Wood residue not suitable for chipping, such as sawdust and 

veneer clippings.
13

Forest land. Land at least 10 percent stocked with trees of any size, or formerly having 

had such tree cover, and not currently developed for nonforest use. (Note: Stocking is 

measured by comparing specified standards with basal area and/or number of trees, 

age or size, and spacing.) The minimum area for classification of forest land is 1 acre. 

Roadside, streamside, and shelterbelt strips of timber must have a crown width of at least 

120 feet to qualify as forest land. Unimproved roads and trails, streams or other bodies of 

water, or clearings in forest areas shall be classified as forest if less than 120 feet wide.

Growing-stock removals. The growing-stock volume removed from timberland by 

harvesting industrial roundwood products. (Note: Includes sawtimber removals, 

poletimber removals, and logging residues.)

Growing-stock tree. A live timberland tree of commercial species that meets specified 

standards of size, quality, and merchantability. (Note: Excludes rough, rotten, and 

dead trees.)

Growing-stock volume. Net volume of growing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger, 

from 1 foot above the ground to a minimum 4.0-inch top diameter outside bark of the 

central stem or to the point where the central stem breaks into limbs.

Hardwoods. Dicotyledonous trees, usually broad-leaved and deciduous.

Harvest residues. The total net volume of unused portions of trees cut or killed by logging. 

(Note: Includes both logging residues and logging slash.)

Industrial fuelwood. A roundwood product, with or without bark, used to generate 

energy at manufacturing facilities and schools, correctional institutions, or electric 

generating plants.

Imports. The volume of roundwood delivered to a mill or group of mills in a specific state 

but harvested outside that state.

Industrial roundwood exports. The quantity of industrial roundwood harvested in a 

geographical area and transported to other geographical areas.

Industrial roundwood imports. The quantity of industrial roundwood received from other 

geographical areas.

Industrial roundwood products. Saw logs, pulpwood, veneer logs, poles, commercial posts, 

pilings, cooperage logs, particleboard bolts, shaving bolts, lath bolts, charcoal bolts, and 

chips from roundwood used for pulp or board products.

Industrial roundwood production. The quantity of industrial roundwood harvested in a 

geographic area plus all industrial roundwood exported to other geographical areas.
14

Industrial roundwood receipts. The quantity of industrial roundwood received by 

commercial mills in a geographic area plus all industrial roundwood imported from other 

geographical areas.

Industrial roundwood retained. The quantity of industrial roundwood harvested from and 

processed by commercial mills within the same geographical area.

International 1⁄4-inch rule. A log rule or formula for estimating the board-foot volume 

of logs, allowing 1⁄2 inch of taper for each 4-foot length and assuming 1⁄4 inch of kerf. 

This rule is used as the U.S. Forest Service standard log rule in the Eastern United States.

Limbwood removals. Net volume of all portions of a tree other than the central stem 

(including forks, large limbs, tops, and stumps) harvested for industrial roundwood products.

Logging residue. The net volume of unused portions of the merchantable central stem of 

growing-stock trees cut or killed by logging.

Logging slash. The net volume of unused portions of the unmerchantable (non-growing 

stock) sections of trees cut or killed by logging.

Merchantable sections. Sections of the central stem of growing-stock trees that meet either 

pulpwood or saw log specifications.

Net volume. Gross volume less deductions for rot, sweep, or other defects affecting use for 

roundwood products.

Noncommercial species. Trees species of typically small size, poor form, or inferior quality 

that normally do not develop into trees suitable for industrial roundwood products. 

Noncommercial species are listed in the volume tables as rough trees.

Nonforest land. Land that has never supported forests, and land formerly forested where 

use for timber management is precluded by development for other uses. (Note: Includes 

areas used for crops, active Christmas tree plantations, orchards, nurseries, improved 

pasture, residential areas, city parks, improved roads of any width and adjoining clearings, 

powerline clearings of any width, and 1- to 39.9-acre areas of water classified by the 

Bureau of the Census as land.) If intermingled in forest areas, unimproved roads and 

nonforest strips must be more than 120 feet wide and more than 1 acre to qualify as 

nonforest land.

Nonforest land removals. Net volume of trees on nonforest lands harvested for industrial 

roundwood products.

Poletimber. A growing-stock tree at least 5.0 inches d.b.h. but smaller than sawtimber size 

(9.0 inches d.b.h. for softwoods, 11.0 inches d.b.h. for hardwoods).
15

Poletimber removals. Net volume in the merchantable central stem of poletimber trees 

harvested for industrial roundwood products.

Primary wood-using mills. Mills receiving roundwood or chips from roundwood for 

processing into products such as lumber, veneer, and pulp.

Primary wood-using mill residue. Wood materials (coarse and fine) and bark generated at 

manufacturing plants that process industrial roundwood into principal products. These 

residues include wood products obtained incidental to production of principal products 

and wood materials not utilized for some product.

Production. The quantity of roundwood material harvested in a geographic area plus all 

roundwood material exported to other geographical areas.

Receipts. The quantity of roundwood material received by commercial mills in a geographic 

area plus all roundwood material imported from other geographical areas.

Retained. Roundwood volume harvested from and processed by mills within the same state.

Rotten tree. A tree that does not meet regional merchantability standards because of 

excessive unsound cull.

Rough tree. A tree that does not meet regional merchantability standards because of 

excessive sound cull (includes forks, sweep and crook, and large branches or knots), 

including noncommercial tree species.

Roundwood. Logs, bolts, or other round sections cut from trees (including chips 

from roundwood).

Sapling. A live tree between 1.0 and 5.0 inches d.b.h.

Saw log portion. That portion of the central stem of sawtimber trees between the stump 

and the saw log top.

Saw log top. The point on the central stem of sawtimber trees above which a saw log cannot 

be produced. The minimum saw log top is 7.0 inches diameter outside bark for softwoods 

and 9.0 inches diameter outside bark for hardwoods.

Sawtimber removals. As used in Table 10, sawtimber removals refers to the net volume in 

the merchantable central stem of sawtimber-size trees harvested for industrial roundwood 

products. (Note: includes the saw log and upper stem portions of sawtimber-size trees.) 

When referring to the sawtimber volume removed from timberland as in Table 12, 

sawtimber removals refers to the net volume in the saw log portion of sawtimber-size trees 

harvested for roundwood products or left on the ground as harvest residue, and is usually 

expressed in thousands of board feet (International 1⁄4-inch rule).
16

Sawtimber tree. A growing-stock tree containing at least a 12-foot saw log or two 

noncontiguous saw logs 8 feet or longer, and meeting regional specifications for freedom 

from defect. Softwoods must be at least 9.0 inches d.b.h. and hardwoods must be at least 

11.0 inches d.b.h.

Sawtimber volume. Net volume in the saw log portion of sawtimber trees.

Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, having needles or scale-like leaves.

Timber product output. The volume of roundwood products produced from an 

area’s forests.

Timberland. Forest land that is producing, or is capable of producing, in excess of 

20 cubic feet per acre per year of industrial roundwood products under natural conditions, 

is not withdrawn from timber utilization by statute or administrative regulation, and is 

not associated with urban or rural development.

Tree. A woody perennial plant, typically large, with a single well-defined stem carrying a 

more or less definite crown; sometimes defined as attaining a minimum diameter of 3 in. 

(7.6 cm) and a minimum height of 15 ft (4.6 m) at maturity. For FIA, any plant on the 

tree list in the current field manual is measured as a tree.

Upper stem portion. That portion of the central stem of sawtimber trees between the saw 

log top and the minimum top diameter of 4.0 inches outside bark, or to the point where 

the central stem breaks into limbs.

Common and Scientific Names of Tree Species 

by Species Group

Softwoods

Eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana

Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa

White spruce Picea glauca

Hardwoods

Ash 

Black ash Fraxinus nigra

Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
17

Aspen/balsam poplar 

Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides

Balsam poplar Populus balsamifera

American basswood Tilia Americana

Cottonwood

Eastern cottonwood Populus deltoides

Plains cottonwood Populus sargentii

White birch Betula papyrifera

Elm 

American elm Ulmus Americana

Siberian elm Ulmus pumila

Slippery elm Ulmus rubra

Soft maples 

Boxelder Acer negundo

Silver maple Acer saccharinum

White oak group 

Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa

Other hardwoods 

Hackberry Celtis occidentalis

White poplar Populus alba

Black willow Salix nigra 
18

Tables

Table 1.–Conversion factors from reported unit of measure to standard unit of measure 

(This table is in the Study Methods section.)

Table 2.–Number of active primary wood-using mills by mill type and survey year, 

North Dakota

Table 3.–Industrial roundwood receipts, in thousand cubic feet, by mill type, 

hardwoods and softwoods, and survey year, North Dakota

Table 4–Industrial roundwood receipts, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, 

species group, and State of origin, North Dakota, 2009

Table 5.–Industrial roundwood production, in thousand cubic feet, by product, 

hardwoods and softwoods, and survey year, North Dakota

Table 6.–Industrial roundwood production, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, 

species group, and State of destination, North Dakota, 2009

Table 7.–Industrial roundwood production, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, 

county, and species group, North Dakota, 2009

Table 8.–Industrial roundwood production by Forest Inventory Unit, species group, 

and product, North Dakota, 2009

Table 9.–Saw log receipts and production, in thousand board feet, International 1⁄4-inch rule, 

by Forest Inventory Unit and species group, North Dakota, 2003 and 2009

Table 10.–Wood material harvested for industrial roundwood, in thousand cubic feet, 

by Forest Inventory Unit, source of material, and species group, North Dakota, 2009

Table 11.–Growing-stock removals from timberland for industrial roundwood, in thousand 

cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, county, and species group, North Dakota, 2009

Table 12.–Sawtimber removals from timberland for industrial roundwood, in thousand 

board feet, International 1⁄4-inch rule, by Forest Inventory Unit, county, and species group, 

North Dakota, 2009

Table 13.–Harvest residue generated by industrial roundwood harvesting, in thousand cubic 

feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, county, and species group, North Dakota, 2009

Table 14.–Disposition of residues produced at primary wood-using mills, in thousand tons, 

green weight, by Forest Inventory Unit, disposition, residue type, and softwoods and hardwoods, 

North Dakota, 2009
19

Kind of mill Survey Yearand mill size 1993 1998 2003 2009Sawmills

Largea 1 -- -- -- 

Smallb 11 8 9 12

 Total 12 8 9 12

Other productsc 1 1 -- 1

All mills 13 9 9 13

Pulp mills -- 2 2 2 1

Charcoald 3 60 52 36 15

Handle mills 19 12 7 10 6

Post and pole mills 6 14 22 28 23Other productse 94 44 9 3 11

Total 213 171 132 113 81All mills 2,806 1,161 681 599 491

a Annual lumber production in excess of 5 million board feet.

b Annual lumber production less than 1 million board feet.	 	

c Includes plants producing mulch, posts, cabin logs, etc.	Table 2.—Number of active primary wood-using mills by mill type and survey year, North Dakota
20

Survey Year % change from

Kind of mill 1993 1998 2003 2009 2003 - 2009All species

Saw logsa 511.6 59.3 47.9 68.1 42%

Softwoods

Saw logsa 4.9 5.8 0.9 8.8 870%

Hardwoods

Saw logsa 506.7 53.5 47.0 59.3 26%

a Saw logs and other products are combined to avoid disclosure of individual mills.	 	 	

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- . Table value of 0 indicates the volume rounds to less than 1,000 cubic feet. Columns and rows may not add to theirTable 3.—Industrial roundwood receipts, in thousand cubic feet, by mill type, hardwoods and softwoods, and survey year, North Dakotatotals due to rounding.
21

State of origin

Species Group Total Minnesota North Dakota

Softwoods

Eastern redcedar 1.3 1.1 0.2

Ponderosa pine 5.3 -- 6.2Spruce 2.2 -- 1.2

Softwood total 8.8 1.1 7.6

Hardwoods

Ash 1.2 -- 1.2Aspen/balsam poplar 0.2 -- 0.2Basswood 0.1 -- 0.1Cottonwood 56.5 -- 56.5Elm 0.4 -- 0.4White oak group 1.0 -- 1.0

Hardwood total 59.4 -- 59.4State total 68.1 1.1 67.0

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- .Table 4.—Industrial roundwood receipts, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, species group, and State of origin, North Dakota, 2009
22

Survey Year % change from

2003 - 2009 Product 1993 1998 2003 2009

All species

Saw logsa 516.6 59.3 296.2 156.3 -47%

Softwoods

Saw logsa 9.9 5.7 0.9 7.7 748%

Hardwoods

Saw logsa 506.7 53.5 295.3 153.2 -48%

a Saw logs and other products are combined to avoid disclosure of individual mills.	

Table 5.—Industrial roundwood production, in thousand cubic feet, by product, hardwoods and softwoods, and survey year, North Dakota
23

State of destiniation

Species group Total Minnesota North DakotaSoftwoods

Eastern redcedar 0.2 -- 0.2

Ponderosa pine 6.2 -- 6.2

Spruce 1.2 -- 1.2Softwood total 7.6 -- 7.6

Hardwoods

Ash 1.8 0.6 1.2

Aspen/balsam poplar 10.3 10.0 0.2

Basswood 0.1 -- 0.1

Cottonwood 133.9 77.4 56.5

Elm 0.4 -- 0.4

White oak group 2.2 1.2 1.0

Hardwood total 148.6 89.3 59.3State total 156.2 89.3 66.9

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- .Table 6.—Industrial roundwood production, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, species group, and State of destination, North Dakota, 2009
24

Softwoods Hardwoods

Aspen/

Forest Inventory All Eastern Ponderosa Total balsam Bass- Cotton- White Total

Unit and county species redcedar pine Spruce softwoods Ash poplar wood wood Elm oak group hardwoods

Eastern

Barnes 1.8 -- -- 0.2 0.2 0.2 -- -- 1.4 -- -- 1.6

Bottineau 0.3 -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.2 -- -- -- -- 0.3

Cass 0.9 -- -- -- -- 0.4 -- -- 0.3 -- 0.2 0.9

Pembina 12.9 -- -- 1.0 1.0 -- 10.0 -- -- -- 1.9 11.9

Ransom 49.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 49.3 -- -- 49.3

Richland 23.3 0.0 0.7 -- 0.7 0.4 -- 0.1 22.0 -- 0.1 22.6

Traill 55.3 -- -- -- -- 0.2 -- -- 55.1 -- -- 55.3

Unit total 143.8 0.0 0.7 1.2 1.9 1.3 10.2 0.1 128.1 -- 2.2 141.9

Western

Burke 0.6 -- -- -- -- 0.1 -- -- 0.5 -- -- 0.6

Burleigh 3.0 -- -- -- -- 0.2 -- -- 2.6 0.2 -- 3.0

Mortan 3.0 -- -- -- -- 0.2 -- -- 2.6 0.2 -- 3.0

Slope 5.9 0.1 4.6 -- 5.7 0.2 -- -- -- -- -- 0.2

Unit total 12.5 0.1 4.6 -- 5.7 0.7 -- -- 5.7 0.4 -- 6.8

State total 156.3 0.1 5.3 1.2 7.6 2 10.2 0.1 133.8 0.4 2.2 148.7

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- .Table 7.—Industrial roundwood production, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, county, and species group, North Dakota, 2009
25

All units Eastern Western

Saw logs Saw logs Saw logs

Species group MBFb MCFa MBFb MCFa MBFb MCFa

Softwoods

Eastern redcedar 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.1

Ponderoda 38.3 6.2 3.8 0.7 34.5 5.5

Spruce 6.4 1.2 6.4 1.2 -- -- 

Softwood total 16.3 3.0 10.4 1.9 5.9 1.0

Hardwoods

Ash 10.7 1.8 7.4 1.2 3.4 0.6

Aspen/balsam poplar 55.3 10.3 55.0 10.2 0.3 0Basswood 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 -- -- Cottonwood 760.8 133.9 727.9 128.1 32.9 5.8

Elm 2.0 0.4 -- -- 2.0 0.4

White oak group 13.2 2.2 13.2 2.2 -- -- 

Hardwood total 842.5 148.6 803.9 141.8 38.6 6.8

State total 858.8 151.6 Unit total 814.3 143.8 Unit total 44.6 7.8

a Thousand cubic feet.	 	 	 	 	 	b Thousand board feet, International 1⁄4-inch rule.	 	 	 	 	 	

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- . Table value of 0 indicates the volume rounds to less than 1⁄2 unit of measure. Columns and rows may not add to theirTable 8.—Industrial roundwood production by Forest Inventory Unit, species group, and product, North Dakota, 2009totals due to rounding.
26

Table 9.—Saw log receipts and production, in thousand board feet, International 1⁄4-inch rule, by Forest Inventory Unit and species group, North Dakota, 2003 and 2009

ALL UNITS

Receipts Production

Percent Percent

Species group 2003 2009 change 2003 2009 change

Softwoods

Eastern redcedar 0.3 6.3 2000% 0.3 0.9 200%Ponderosa pine 0.2 3.8 1800% 0.2 3.8 1800%Spruce 4.1 11.6 183% 4.1 11.6 183%

Softwood total 4.6 21.7 372% 4.6 16.3 254%

Hardwoods

Ash 6.6 7.3 11% 6.6 11.1 68%

Aspen/balsam poplar 28.4 1.0 -96% 28.4 55.0 94%

Basswood 2.0 0.3 -85% 2.0 0.3 -85%

Cottonwood 215.0 320.9 49% 952.0 760.8 -20%

Elm 0.3 2.0 567% 0.3 2.0 567%White oak group 11.7 6.0 -49% 11.7 13.2 13%

Other hardwoods 2.4 -- -- 2.4 -- -- 

Hardwood total 266.4 337.5 27% 1003.4 842.4 -16%

All species 271.0 359.3 33% 1,008.0 858.8 -15%

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- . Table value of 0 indicates the volume rounds to less than 1,000 board feet. Columns and rows may not add to theirtotals due to rounding.
27

ALL UNITS

Source of material

Growing stock Non-growing stock

Used for products Used for products

Logging Total Logging Total nonPole- residue growing slash growing Total Total Total

Species group Sawtimber timber (not used) stock Limbwood Saplings (not used) stock used not used harvested

Softwoods

Eastern redcedar

0.16 0.01 0.00 0.17 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.21

Ponderosa pine 2.08 0.07 0.06 2.21 0.09 0.00 0.46 0.55 2.24 0.52 2.76Spruce 5.15 0.06 0.16 5.37 0.05 0.02 1.83 1.90 5.28 1.99 7.27

Softwoodtotal

7.39 0.14 0.23 7.75 0.15 0.02 2.33 2.49 7.69 2.55 10.24

Hardwoods

Ash 1.80 0.01 0.26 2.07 0.01 0.04 0.46 0.51 1.86 0.72 2.58Cottonwood 119.91 7.76 25.56 153.23 3.58 2.66 47.78 54.02 133.91 73.35 207.25

Aspen 8.01 2.00 0.31 10.32 0.12 0.07 1.20 1.39 10.19 1.52 11.71

White oak group 2.16 0.01 0.32 2.48 0.01 0.05 0.55 0.61 2.23 0.87 3.09Basswood 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.09Elm 0.32 0.02 0.07 0.40 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.14 0.35 0.19 0.54

Hardwood total

132.25 9.79 26.53 168.58 3.73 2.83 50.14 56.70 148.60 76.68 225.28

State total 139.64 9.93 26.76 176.33 3.88 2.84 52.47 59.19 156.28 79.23 235.52

Table 10.—Wood material harvested for industrial roundwood, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, source of material, and species group, North Dakota, 2009a
28

EASTERN

Source of material

Growing stock Non-growing stock

Used for products Used for products

Logging Total Logging Total nonPole- residue growing slash growing Total Total Total

Species group Sawtimber timber (not used) stock Limbwood Saplings (not used) stock used not used harvested

Softwoods

Eastern redcedar

0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.05

Ponderosa pine 1.14 0.04 0.03 1.22 0.05 0.00 0.25 0.30 1.23 0.29 1.52Spruce 0.64 0.01 0.02 0.67 0.01 0.00 0.23 0.24 0.66 0.25 0.90

Softwoodtotal

1.82 0.05 0.06 1.92 0.06 0.00 0.49 0.55 1.92 0.54 2.47

Hardwoods

Ash 1.20 0.00 0.18 1.38 0.01 0.03 0.31 0.34 1.24 0.48 1.72Cottonwood 114.72 7.42 24.46 146.60 3.42 2.55 45.71 51.68 128.12 70.17 198.29

Aspen 8.01 2.00 0.31 10.32 0.12 0.07 1.20 1.39 10.19 1.52 11.71

White oak group 2.16 0.01 0.32 2.48 0.01 0.05 0.55 0.61 2.23 0.87 3.09

Basswood 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.09

Hardwood total

126.14 9.43 25.27 160.85 3.56 2.69 47.80 54.05 141.83 73.07 214.90

Unit total 127.96 9.48 25.33 162.77 3.62 2.69 48.28 54.60 143.75 73.61 217.37

Table 10.—Continued
29

Table 10.—Continued

WESTERN

Source of material

Growing stock Non-growing stock

Used for products Used for products

Logging Total Logging Total nonPole- residue growing slash growing Total Total Total

Species group Sawtimber timber (not used) stock Limbwood Saplings (not used) stock used not used harvested

Softwoods

Eastern redcedar

0.12 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.16

Ponderosa pine 0.94 0.03 0.03 1.00 0.04 0.00 0.21 0.25 1.01 0.24 1.24Spruce 4.51 0.05 0.14 4.70 0.05 0.01 1.60 1.66 4.62 1.74 6.36

Softwoodtotal

5.57 0.09 0.17 5.83 0.09 0.01 1.84 1.94 5.76 2.01 7.77

Hardwoods

Ash 0.60 0.00 0.09 0.69 0.00 0.01 0.15 0.17 0.62 0.24 0.87Cottonwood 5.19 0.34 1.11 6.63 0.15 0.12 2.07 2.34 5.79 3.17 8.97Elm 0.32 0.02 0.07 0.40 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.14 0.35 0.19 0.54

Hardwood total

6.11 0.36 1.26 7.73 0.17 0.14 2.35 2.65 6.77 3.61 10.38

Unit total 11.67 0.45 1.43 13.55 0.26 0.15 4.18 4.59 12.53 5.62 18.15

a Based on factors obtained from regional utilization studies.	 	 	 	 	 	

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- . Table value of 0.0 indicates the volume rounds to less than 0.1 thousand cubic feet. Columns and rows may not addto their totals due to rounding.
30

Softwoods Hardwoods

Aspen/ White

Forest Inventory All Eastern Ponderosa Total balsam Bass- Cotton- oak TotalUnit and county species redcedar pine Spruce softwoods Ash poplar wood wood Elm group hardwoods

Eastern

Barnes 2.0 -- -- 0.2 0.2 0.2 -- -- 1.6 -- -- 1.8

Bottineau 0.2 -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.2 -- -- -- -- 0.2

Cass 1.1 -- -- -- -- 0.5 -- -- 0.4 -- 0.2 1.1Pembina 13.3 -- -- 1.0 1.0 -- 10.1 -- -- -- 2.1 12.3

Ransom 56.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 56.4 -- -- 56.4Richland 26.5 0.0 0.7 -- 0.7 0.4 -- 0.1 25.2 -- 0.1 25.8

Traill 63.3 -- -- -- -- 0.2 -- -- 63.0 -- -- 63.3

Unit total 162.8 0.0 0.7 1.2 1.9 1.4 10.3 0.1 146.6 -- 2.5 160.9

Western

Burke 0.6 -- -- -- -- 0.1 -- -- 0.6 -- -- 0.6

Burleigh 3.4 -- -- -- -- 0.2 -- -- 3.0 0.2 -- 3.4

Morton 3.4 -- -- -- -- 0.2 -- -- 3.0 0.2 -- 3.4

Slope 6.1 0.1 5.6 -- 5.8 0.3 -- -- -- -- -- 0.3

Unit total 13.6 0.1 5.6 -- 5.8 0.7 -- -- 6.6 0.4 -- 7.7State total 176.3 0.2 6.3 1.2 7.7 2.1 10.3 0.1 153.2 0.4 2.5 168.6

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- . Table value of 0 indicates the volume rounds to less than 1,000 cubic feet. Columns and rows may not add to their

Table 11.

totals due to rounding.

—Growing-stock removals from timberland for industrial roundwood, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, county, and species group, North Dakota, 2009
31

Table 12.—Sawtimber removals from timberland for industrial roundwood, in thousand board feet, International 1⁄4-inch rule, by Forest Inventory Unit, county, and species group, North Dakota, 2009

Softwoods Hardwoods

Aspen/ White

Forest Inventory All Eastern Ponderosa Total balsam Bass- Cotton- oak TotalUnit and county species redcedar pine Spruce softwoods Ash poplar wood wood Elm group hardwoods

Eastern

Barnes 9.9 -- -- 0.9 0.9 1.0 -- -- 8.0 -- -- 9.0

Bottineau 1.0 -- -- -- -- 0.3 -- 0.7 -- -- -- 1.0Cass 5.5 -- -- -- -- 2.4 -- -- 1.9 -- 1.2 5.5Pembina 56.3 -- -- 5.0 5.0 -- -- 40.3 -- -- 11.0 51.3

Ransom 280.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 280.6 -- -- 280.6Richland 132.3 0.2 3.7 -- 3.9 2.2 0.3 -- 125.3 -- 0.6 128.4

Traill 314.9 -- -- -- -- 1.2 -- -- 313.6 -- -- 314.9

Unit total 800.5 0.2 3.7 5.9 9.8 7.1 0.3 41.0 729.5 -- 12.8 790.7

Western

Burke 3.2 -- -- -- -- 0.3 -- -- 2.9 -- -- 3.2

Burleigh 17.0 -- -- -- -- 1.0 -- -- 15.0 1.0 -- 17.0

Morton 17.0 -- -- -- -- 1.0 -- -- 15.0 1.0 -- 17.0

Slope 33.1 0.6 26.3 4.8 31.7 1.3 -- -- -- -- -- 1.3

Unit total 70.3 0.6 26.3 4.8 31.7 3.6 -- -- 33.0 2.0 -- 38.6

State total 870.8 0.8 30.0 10.8 41.6 10.7 0.3 41.0 762.4 2.0 12.8 829.2

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- . Table value of 0 indicates the volume rounds to less than 1,000 cubic feet. Columns and rows may not add to theirtotals due to rounding.
32

Softwoods Hardwoods

Aspen/ White

Forest Inventory All Eastern Ponderosa Total balsam Bass- Cotton- oak TotalUnit and county species redcedar pine Spruce softwoods Ash poplar wood wood Elm group hardwoods

Eastern

Barnes 0.88 -- -- 0.05 0.05 0.07 -- -- 0.77 -- -- 0.84

Bottineau 0.05 -- -- -- -- 0.02 0.03 -- -- -- -- 0.05Cass 0.43 -- -- -- -- 0.16 -- -- 0.19 -- 0.08 0.43

Pembina 2.48 -- -- 0.24 0.24 -- 1.49 -- -- -- 0.74 2.23

Ransom 26.99 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 26.99 -- -- 26.99Richland 12.53 0.01 0.25 -- 0.26 0.15 -- 0.03 12.05 -- 0.04 12.27

Traill 30.26 -- -- -- -- 0.08 -- -- 30.17 -- -- 30.26

Unit total 73.61 0.01 0.25 0.29 0.54 0.48 1.52 0.03 70.17 -- 0.87 73.07

Western

Burke 0.30 -- -- -- -- 0.02 -- -- 0.28 -- -- 0.30

Burleigh 1.61 -- -- -- -- 0.07 -- -- 1.45 0.10 -- 1.61

Morton 1.61 -- -- -- -- 0.07 -- -- 1.45 0.10 -- 1.61

Slope 2.10 0.03 1.74 0.24 2.01 0.09 -- -- -- -- -- 0.09

Unit total 5.62 0.03 1.74 0.24 2.01 0.24 -- -- 3.17 0.19 -- 3.61

State total 79.23 0.04 1.99 0.52 2.55 0.72 1.52 0.03 73.35 0.19 0.87 76.68

All table cells without observations are indicated by -- . Table value of 0 indicates the volume rounds to less than 1,000 cubic feet. Columns and rows may not add to their

Table 13.

totals due to rounding.

—Harvest residue generated by industrial roundwood harvesting, in thousand cubic feet, by Forest Inventory Unit, county, and species group, North Dakota, 2009
33

Table 14.—Disposition of residues produced at primary wood-using mills, in thousand tons, green weight, by Forest Inventory Unit, disposition, residue type, and softwoods and hardwoods, North Dakota, 2009

Residue type

Forest Inventory Wood residueUnit and Total all residues Total wood residue Coarsea Fineb Bark

disposition Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood

All Units

Residential fuel 15.8 379.8 15.8 378.0 15.8 375.4 -- 2.5 -- 1.8

Mulch 15.3 0.4 6.9 -- -- -- 6.9 -- 8.3 0.4

Miscellaneousc 12.4 239.3 10.7 238.9 -- -- 10.7 238.9 1.6 0.4

Not used 51.5 273.3 35.3 83.5 22.5 76.9 12.8 6.6 16.2 189.8

Total 94.9 892.8 68.8 700.4 38.3 452.3 30.4 248.0 26.2 192.4

Eastern Unit

Residential fuel 15.8 325.5 15.8 325.5 15.8 325.5 -- -- -- -- 

Mulch -- 0.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.4

Miscellaneousc 8.4 224.0 8.4 223.6 -- -- 8.4 223.6 -- 0.4

Not used 4.5 250.2 0.5 80.5 -- 75.0 0.5 5.5 4.0 169.7

Total 28.7 800.1 24.7 629.7 15.8 400.6 8.9 229.1 4.0 170.4

Western Unit

Residential fuel -- 54.3 -- 52.4 -- 49.9 -- 2.5 -- 1.8

Mulch 15.3 -- 6.9 -- -- -- 6.9 -- 8.3 -- 

Miscellaneousc 3.9 15.3 2.3 15.3 -- -- 2.3 15.3 1.6 -- 

Not used 47.0 23.1 34.9 2.9 22.5 1.8 12.3 1.1 12.2 20.2

Total 66.2 92.7 44.1 70.7 22.5 51.8 21.6 18.9 22.1 22.0

a Suitable for chipping such as slabs, edgings, veneer cores, etc.	 	 	b Not suitable for chipping such as sawdust, veneer clippings etc.	 	 	c Livestock bedding, small dimension, specialty items, etc.	 	 	

Table may not sum due to rounding.
34
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Library Card

Haugen, David E.; Harsel, Robert A. 2013. North Dakota timber industry: an 

assessment of timber product output and use, 2009. Resour. Bull. NRS-77. 

Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern 

Research Station. 34 p.

Presents recent North Dakota forest industry trends; production and receipts of 

industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs and other products in 2009. Logging 

residue generated from timber harvest operations is reported, as well as wood and 

bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and disposition of mill residues.

KEY WORDS: Industrial roundwood, harvest residue, mill residue, production, saw logs
Northern Research Station

www.nrs.fs.fed.us