JPRS 62835

27 August 1974

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

No. 284.

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JPRS 62835

27 August 1974

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

No... 284

CONTENTS PAGE

POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

Table of Contents of 'Cultural Relics' Journal, No 4,

1974

(WEN-WU, Apr 74) 1

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

The Production and Application of '702'

("CH'I LING EEH TE SHENG-CH'AN YO YING-YUNG, 1972)... 5

Shantung Rural Cooperative Medicine Improving

(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 7 May 74) 8

Medicine and Public Health in Honan Lin Hsien

(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 11 May 74) 10

Kwangsi Implements 'Prevention and Treatment' in Rural

Area

(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 18 May 74) 12

New Book on Acupuncture

(HSIN WAN PAO, 23 May 74) 14

-a - [III - CC - 80 S & T]
POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF 'CULTURAL RELICS' JOURNAL, NO 4, 1974

Peking WEN-WU (Cultural Relics) in Chinese No 4, Apr 74, inside front cover

Contents Page

The Nature of the Past Reactionary Rulers in Worshipping Confucius

as Seen from the Evolution of the Confucian Temple, "Confucius' Mansion" and the Cemetery of the "K'ung Family" at

Ch'u-fu County, Shantung Province, by Wei Chin [5898 0093] 1

[Summary: The writer reviews the importance attached

to the Confucian Temple and Confucius' mansion and

family cemetery (san-k'ung 0005 1313) located at Ch'ufu, Shantung Province, by the members of the ruling

class over the centuries and seeks to reveal the

changes in attitude toward them which accompanied the

evolution of the landlord class from "real tigers to

paper tigers." Both Liu Shao-ch'i and Lin Piao are

subsequently attacked for having revered Confucius.

Liu is quoted as having said, "Confucius was great!

Confucius was great!" "The People's government should

make sacrifices to him as well."]

Eyewitness to History—The Crimes of Past Reactionaries in Advocating the Doctrines of Confucius and Mencius in Their Attempts

to Restore the Old Order as Revealed by the Confucian Temple,

"Confucius' Mansion" and the Cemetery of the "K'ung Family"

at Ch'u-fu County, Shantung Province, by Ch'ien Wei [0467 5898] 8

[Summary: After having visited the Confucian Temple

and Confucius' mansion and family cemetery located at

Ch'u-fu and interviewed the local inhabitants of the

area, the author seeks to expose what he deems is the

outright hypocrisy behind the Confucian slogans engraved on wooden and stone tablets placed about the

compound. Lin Piao and Liu Shao-ch'i are simultaneously rebuked for having espoused similar slogans.]
The Malicious Intent Behind the "Benevolent Government" Espoused

by the Followers of Confucius and Mencius as Revealed by

the Structure of and Funerary Objects in Chu T'an's tomb,

by a certain unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army 23

[Summary: Having taken part in the excavation of the

tomb of Chu T'an, the tenth son of Emperor T'ai Tsu

(r. 1368-1399), the authors set out to expose what

they regard as the evils of the Confucian concept of

"benevolent government." The structural complexity

of the tomb and its lavish furnishings are cited as

evidence of the exploitation of the working class by

the ruling class.]

The Reactionary Essence of "Restraining Oneself and Restoring the

Rites" as Attested by a Western Chou Bronze Li Vessel

Adorned with a Doorkeeper with Feet Cut Off, by Wang Wench' ang [3769 2429 2512] 29

[Summary: The author calls attention to a Western

Chou bronze vessel in the Palace Museum collection

adorned with a figure having no feet, which he believes represents a slave who had been punished by

having his feet cut off. The author in turn discusses the cruel treatment of slaves during the Chou

dynasty and simultaneously seeks to expose the hypocrisy behind slogans such as "restore oneself and

restore the rites," "benevolent government" and so

forth.]

The T'ai-p'ing Revolution and the Anti-Confucian Struggle, by Ch'i

Lung-wei [4359 7893 1218] 30

[Summary: The writer discusses the anti-Confucian

aspects of the T'ai-p'ing Rebellion. Attention is

focused on the struggle between Hung Hsiu-ch'uan,

the leader of the T'ai-p'ing movement, and Tseng

Kuo-fan, the chief defender of the system and the

Confucian tradition.]

An Example of a Landlord's Settling of Old Accounts as a Means of

Counterattack after the Failure of the T'ai-p'ing Revolution—Lin Piao and Ch'en Po-ta's Theory of "Mutual Affability" and Compromise" Refuted, by Chang Yu-yi [4545 2589

5030] 36

[Summary: An analysis of the patterns of debt repayment recorded in a landlord's account book, covering the period 1847-1885. The author attempts to
show that these patterns reflect the landlord's

vindictive attitude toward his debtors, thereby

negating traditional notions of "mutual affability"

and "compromise" allegedly espoused by Ch'en Po-ta

and Lin Piao.]

Criticism of the Reactionary Ideological System in Chu Hsi's

"Collected Annotations on the Four Books," by Li Hsuehch'in [2621 1331 0530] 50

[Summary: The author examines selected philosophical

tenets imparted in Chu Hsi's "Collected Annotations

on the Four Books," particularly with respect to the

"laws of Heaven" and "the doctrine of the Mean." The

author charges that Chu Hsi's intent was to preserve

the old order by shackling the spirit of the masses.

Lin Piao is criticized for having espoused similar

ideas.]

Liu Tsung-yuan's Spirit of Revering the Legalist School and Opposing

the Confucian School—Notes on "The Collected Writings of Liu

Tsung-yuan," by Pien Hsiao-hsuan [0593 1321 5503] 56

[Summary: The writer discusses the anti-Confucian

elements found in the writings of Liu Tsung-yuan

(773-819 A.D.) and argues that Liu at heart was a

legalist and materialist who stood firmly opposed

to Confucian ideology, despite his having been a

philosopher of the feudalistic landlord class.]

Slanderous Statements Against the Archaeological Work in the Nanking District Cannot be Tolerated—Criticism of the AntiChina Falsehoods Spread by Antonioni, by the Mass Criticism

Group of the Nanking City Cultural Relics Management Committee 63

[Summary: A paper written in criticism of what the

writers regard as being offensive comments made by

M. Antonioni in his film "China" when describing

the historical landmarks in the Nanking area.]

Eastern Han Stone Tablets Unearthed at Hsi-p'u, Pi County, Szechwan

Province, by Hsieh Yen-hsiang [6200 7159 5046] 67

[Summary: A discussion of two stone tablets unearthed

at the Hsi-p'u Commune in Pi County, Szechwan Province

in April 1966. One of the tablets carries a lengthy

epitaph dated 128 A.D. and the other district records.]
Notes on the "San Wu Shui Li Pien Lan," A Ming Dynasty Treatise on

Water Conservancy Pound at Li County, Szechwan Province, by

Chang Hsun-liao [1728 8113 3598] 72

[Summary: A description and discussion of a Ming

Dynasty work on water conservancy in the T'ai-hu

Lake region which had long since been lost prior to

its discovery in a tomb excavated in the vicinity

of the Hsieh-ch'eng commune in Li County, Szechwan

Province in 1963.]

Sung Dynasty Silver Plates Discovered in a Vault at the Wei-ch'eng

Commune, Mien-yang County, Szechwan Province 78

[Summary: A description of five silver plates dating

from the Sung Dynasty which were discovered by the

members of the first brigade and first production

team of Wei-ch'eng commune while repairing a dam in

January 1971.]

CSO: 3500
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF 702'

Canton "CH'l LING ERH TE SHENG-CH'AN YO YING-YUNG (The Production and

Application of "702") in Chinese 1972, 54 pp

[Publication data, table of contents, and foreword from book by the ShanghaiKwangtung "702" Cooperative Team, first edition 1 Jun 1972]

Foreword

The great victory of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution completely

smashed the renegade, traitor and scab Liu Shao-ch'i's counterrevolutionary

revisionist line of foreign slave philosophy, crawlism and experts running

agriculture, so that the countless revolutionary masses established their

socialist activism and were able to come fully into play, becoming the masters

of scientific experiment.

The broad masses of the people, poor and lower-middle peasants, revolutionary

cadres and revolutionary scientific and technical personnel of Kwangtung

province conscientiously studied the works of Chairman Mao, and in accordance

with Chairman Mao's great teaching that "the class struggle, the production

struggle and scientific experiment are the three great movements in setting

up a strong socialist state," carried on a big mass movement for scientific

farming, and actively pursued scientific experimentation on "702" (a decomposition product of nucleic acid); they achieved excellent results in its industrial production and agricultural application, marking a new development of

the agricultural scientific experimentation mass movement.

The nucleic acid industry is a new industry dating from the 1960's. In addition to the great theoretical and philosophical significance of nucleic acid

research and production for the solution of the fundamental biological problem

of the origin of life, nucleic acid compounds give daily greater promise of

an unlimited future in industrial, agricultural and medical applications.

Our aim in studying, producing and using them is to make them better serve

the socialist revolution and socialist construction in our country.
Nucleic acid is a large-molecule compound that is one of the main components

of the living organism. It is composed of many individual nucleotide units.

Some nucleotides have already given great results in applications in the food

industry and medicine. For instance, inosinic acid and uridylic acid are effective meat flavoring agents, which when added to ordinary monosodium glutamate produce a marked increase in fresh meat flavor. Adenosine triphosphate

(ATP) is already an established medical product in our country, giving excellent results in the treatment of hepatitis, muscular dystrophy and nephritis

and as an auxiliary drug in the treatment of the dangerously ill. Inosine

is very effective in the treatment of lung and heart disease and leukopenia.

Moreover, there are some nucleotide deriviatives that have an anti-cancer

effect and hence furnish cancer therapy with a new drug.

Besides its industrial and medical uses, nucleic acid will have wider and

wider applications in agriculture. Agriculture is the foundation of the

people's economy, and how we manage our agriculture is directly connected

with the implementation of the general strategic policy "prepare for war,

prepare for natural calamity, work for the people." Accordingly, the agricultural application of nucleic acid inevitably attracts the close attention

of all concerned units. The mass-type scientific experimentation on the agricultural applications of "702," the decomposition product of nucleic acid,

was begun in 1970 under the direction of our great leader Chairman Mao's

general policy of "grasp revolution, stimulate production," through the cooperation of Peking and Shanghai scientific research units. After over a

year's experience, production-increasing effects were obtained on many crops

at different stages of development. To aid the broad revolutionary masses

to understand and grasp the laws of the production and application of "702"

and to further promote the development, consolidation and enhancement of this

movement, we have prepared this booklet, on the basis of production practice

and relevant data from the various localities, as a basic introduction for

all to the production and application of "702." Because our study of Marxism,

Leninism and Mao Tse-tung Thought is insufficient and our level of job cometence is low, it is inevitable that errors have been made in this book; we

request the broad mass of revolutionary readers to criticize and correct them.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1 The Chemical Structure and Nature of Nucleic Acid 1

Section 2 Nucleic Acid Content of Different Materials 6

Section 3 The Production of "702" 11

Section 4 Effective Constituents and Mode of Use of "702" 24

Section 5 Method of Assay of "702" 31

Section 6 Raw Materials for "702" in the Kwangtung Region and

Determination of Nucleic Acid Content of Product 42
Publication Data

Published by: Kwangtung People's Publishing House (Jen-min Ch'u-pan She

(0086 3046 0427 3652 4357)

Distributed by: Kwangtung Hsin-hua Shu-tien (2450 5478 2579 1648)

Printed by: Kwangtung Hsin-hua (2450 5478) Printing Factory

First edition: 1 June 1972

First printing: 1 June 1972

8480

CSO: 3700
SHANTUNG RURAL COOPERATIVE MEDICINE IMPROVING

Peking CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 7 May 74 p 4

[China Press dispatch Tsinan 6 May 74]

[Text] Cooperative medical services in Yang-ku Hsien, Shantung Province

have improved greatly. Everyone of the 560 production brigades in the hsien

has its own cooperative medical service. Minor injuries and illnesses can

now be handled by the team, and most sicknesses can be taken care of within

the village. Conditions of lack of medical care and shortage of medicines

in the backward rural areas have been rectified. The health of the people

has improved.

Yang-ku Hsien is located in the western plain of Shantung. Before the liberation there was not a single hospital in the entire hsien. There were only

a few herb shops and 10 or so doctors concentrated in the municipal seat of

the hsien and some of the more populated towns. The rural areas had neither

medical care nor medicine. When the poor people became sick, the milder

cases would become worse on account of the lack of medical attention, and

the severe cases ended in death. In the 1942 epidemics of Cholera and

Kalaazar in Yang-ku Hsien the mortality rate numbered in the tens of thousands .

After the liberation, especially since the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, medical and public health services developed rapidly throughout the

hsien. At present, the number of medical personnel is 4700; this averages

out to 8.8 medical personnel per thousand people.

During the implementation of cooperative medical services, the Yang-ku Hsien

Communist Party Committee extensively motivated the masses to use maximum

effort to develop the mass movement to collect medicinal herbs. In 1973,

the production brigades in the hsien collected 110,000 catties of more than

100 types of wild herbs. Aside from being enough to meet the needs of the

cooperative medical services, a surplus of 32,000 catties was sold to the

state. Simultaneously with the collecting of wild herbs the production

brigades in the hsien also started the movement to transplant and propagate
wild herbs. In 1973, the hsien planted 1700 hectares of more than 60 types

of medicinal herbs; 189 production brigades attained self-sufficiency and

320 production brigades achieved partial self-sufficiency in medicinal needs.

Many communes and teams in Yang-ku Hsien started local medicine manufacturing factories. At present, there are 190 local commune and team medicine factories producing more than 140 different types of medicines. These

locally produced medicines are inexpensive, easy to use and are greatly

welcomed by the masses.

With the steady improvement of the cooperative medical services, a commune

member becoming ill is able to obtain timely medical attention. In the

spring of 1973, the son of Yang Chin-chu, member of Ching-yang-kang production brigade of Chang-ch'iu Commune, developed acute enteritis. The barefoot doctors reached the patient promptly and proceeded with emergency treatment which averted serious complication for the child. Yang Chin-chu with

tears in his eyes said emotionally: "If it had happened before the liberation, the child's life would be lost to us. Now he can have a second chance

for life. It is all due to the results of cooperative medical services!"

With the continuous expansion of herbal medicine production, cooperative

medical services also improved. At the beginning, every member paid one

yuan per year to obtain the benefits of unlimited medical care and medicines. Now, the cooperative medical service expenses of 370 brigades are

funded from the herbs collected by the members and from public welfare funds.

Their members are no longer required to pay fees. Members of other brigades

pay five chiao or two chiao per year. If the medical expenses of any member

is under 40 yuan, it would be absorbed by the brigade medical service; if

it was over 40 yuan, a major portion would be absorbed by the medical service

on the basis of stipulated ratios.

As the cooperative medical services continue to expand the rank and file of

barefoot doctors also rapidly increase. At present, the hsien has 1171 barefoot doctors, and 2941 public health personnel, providing an average of seven

medical personnel for each production brigade. These barefoot doctors have

more than one year of special training. They are able to diagnose and treat

common and polypathic illnesses; are familiar with Chinese and western medicine and acupuncture therapy; and some can perform simple surgery. In addition to providing door to door medical services, they also participate in

productive labor. The barefoot doctors also keep health records of all the

commune members, conduct semi-annual physical examination of the member,

provide planned long term treatment for those members with chronic illnesses,

give scheduled vaccinations to the members, and supervise the members in

taking preventive medications against seasonal epidemics. Their efforts

reduced case incidence and the spread of many diseases.

8513

CSO: 3700
MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN HONAN LIN HSIEN

Peking CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 11 May 74 p 7 & 8

[China Press dispatch Cheng-chou 10 May 74]

[Text] All levels of the party organization in Lin Hsien, Honan, following

Chairman Mao's instructions "in medical and health work, put the stress on

the rural area," by strengthening the building up of commune infirmaries,

has made possible the development of the medical health services in the villages .

The infirmary of each commune, under the leadership of the party committee,

organized the medical personnel to repeatedly study Chairman Mao's relevant

instructions and criticize the antirevolutionary revisionist line of Liu Shaochi and Lin Piao, has enabled them to continuously raise their awareness of

the class struggle and line struggle.

The Jen-ts'un commune infirmary clearly understanding the direction of its

purpose, organized its medical personnel into teams to go at various intervals into remote villages to provide faithful medical services for the prevention and treatment of diseases among the poor lower and middle peasant.

In the last two years, these teams, carrying X-ray machines on their backs

and surgical equipment in their hands, diagnosed and treated more than 1,500

patients, X-rayed over 230 persons, and performed some 50 minor surgeries

among the poor lower and middle peasants who acclaimed that they are "good

doctors sent by Chairman Mao." The Ch'eng-kuan commune infirmary, realizing

the anxieties of the poor lower and middle peasants, instituted daily 24-

hour outpatient clinics to treat patients whenever they arrive. This was

enthusiastically welcomed by the poor lower and middle peasants.

The various levels of Lin Hsien Party Committee emphasized the importance

of strengthening the guidance of the commune infirmaries by specially

transferring a group of cadres to augment the leadership of the commune

infirmaries. At the same time, overall plans and uniform arrangements were

made for the training and assignments of the technical backbone force for

the commune infirmaries. Since the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,

10
30 technicians of different skills from the Hsien Hospital and 45 graduates

of universities and secondary technical schools had been sent to the commune

infirmaries. Moreover medical personnel of the commune infirmaries were

rotated to receive training at the Hsien Hospital, or medical personnel from

the hospital would go to the commune infirmaries to give technical guidance.

In the recent years, the Hsien Hospital has trained 93 persons for the commune infirmaries in the fields of internal medicine, surgery, gynaecology,

radiology, laboratory work, and anesthesia, thus greatly improving the technical level of the commune infirmaries. At present, there are 13 commune

infirmaries in the hsien which could perform abdominal surgery, emergency

treatment of wounds, difficult birth and sterilization surgery. Every commune infirmary also considers the strengthening and development of the cooperative medical services and the training of barefoot doctors as its important task. They regularly send medical personnel to the basic levels to

investigate and do research, to propagate Chairman Mao's revolutionary line,

and to help the brigades strengthen and develop the cooperative medical

services. They also conduct training classes by'using the methods of "propagation, assistance and apprenticeship" to train barefoot doctors for the

brigades. At present, each production brigade in the hsien has 2 to 3

barefoot doctors, which makes it unnecessary to go outside of the brigade

to seek treatment for common ailments.

Following Chairman Mao's instruction, this Hsien, during the process of developing the commune infirmaries, firmly relied on its own efforts in running

the infirmaries. After several years of effort, 15 commune infirmaries in

the hsien developed extensively. At present, they have more than 530 medical

personnel, 587 beds, and are equipped with such medical equipment as microscopes, high-pressure sterilizers, and anesthesia machines. The role of the

commune infirmary in medical and public health work in the rural area is thus

brought into play.

8531

CSO: 3700

11
KWANGSI IMPLEMENTS 'PREVENTION AND TREATMENT* IN RURAL AREA

Peking CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 18 May 74 p 5

[China Press dispatch Nan-Ning 17 May 74]

[Text] Since this spring, every level of the public health service of

Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region further implemented Chairman Mao's policy

"in medical and health work, put the stress on the rural area," by organizing

many medical teams to go deep into the rural mountain areas to treat and prevent diseases among the masses. According to incomplete statistics from

Nan-ning City and the three regions of Nan-ning, Kweilin, and Ch'in-Chou,

more than 1900 medical personnel were organized into 300 teams.

After a medical team reached a farming village, it would emphasize "the

importance of prevention, by conducting general physical examinations for

the masses and by actively carrying out preventive measures in coordination with local barefoot doctors and medical personnel. The team members

who reached the minority nationality Pan-t'ao Commune in T'ien-lin hsien,

in the mountain region organized and led the people into the mountains and

collected more than 1000 catties of herbs which they made into medicine.

The medicine was distributed door to door to the people for the prevention

and treatment of diseases. The health of the commune members improved

markedly. Since the beginning of the year, the workers' work attendance

rate rose above 98 percent, thus facilitating spring planting and production. A team of ophthalmologists from the Second People's Hospital in

Nan-ning City went to Su-yu Commune in Yung-ning Hsien to treat and prevent

diseases. During a period of 3 months, the team treated more than 1000 cases

and performed over 300 eye operations in patients' homes or in the fields.

The poor farmers said gratefully, "Chairman Mao sent the medical team to

treat us which shows his concern for us poor farmers. In the old society,

no one cared whether we were sick or not. In the new society, the party and

government are always concerned about every aspect of our welfare. Therefore, we must improve production and produce more food to support the socialist revolution and reconstruction of our country."

12
The medical teams helped the various rural regions to strength and develop

their medical cooperative systems, and also trained barefoot doctors and

public health personnel. The itinerant medical personnel who went to Lo-yu

Commune in Wu-ming hsien studied Chairman Mao's instruction concerning public

health work together with the party cadres and the masses, publicized the

merits of cooperative medical services and criticized the Lin Piao anti-party

clique's crime of attacking and sabotaging the socialist new-born things under

the guidance of the commune party committee, thereby strengthening and improving the cooperative medical services of the production brigades. The

medical team of Yung-fu hsien organized three training classes for the

Lung-chiang Commune in the mountain which trained 130 barefoot doctors and

public health personnel, thus effectively promoted the development of the

local health services.

8531

CSO: 3700

13
NEW BOOK ON ACUPUNCTURE

Hong Kong HSIN WAN PAO in Chinese 23 May 74 p 6

[Book review of "Acupuncture, New Treatment Methods and Acupuncture

Anesthesia"]

[Text] Recently the Shanghai Publishing Company published a new book —

"Acupuncture, New Treatment Methods and Acupuncture Anesthesia." This

book was the product of close cooperation among the Chinese traditional

medical personnel. By adopting the strong points to overcome the weak

points many actual clinical experiments were carried out faithfully, and

the factual results were recorded and tested repeatedly. The final results were compared and analyzed, with western and traditional medical

practices and many new treatment methods were established. These new treatment methods expanded and advanced the practice of acupuncture. This book

introduces new acupuncture practices for the treatment of common ailments

and acupuncture anesthesia which is based on the close relationship between

the meridians and the acupuncture points.

8531

CSO: 3700 - END

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