correct our weaknesses and shortcomings and, at the same time, highly
develop upon the great advantages of the locality. We see that we must:

1. Widely and continuously disseminate, through many different ways,

the resolution of the 4th National Congress of the Party and the guidelines
of our province in order to transform them into true strengths, into the
actions of the nearly 800,000 workers within the province. In particular,
we must achieve a high level of unanimity within the entire party
organization, achieve a “oneness of will" within the entire party
organization, particularly among the key cadres of the various sectors and
echelons, not only concerning the general line, but also concerning the
guidelines of the 5-year plan regarding tasks, objective, norms and
specific measures for implementing the plan.

2. We must carry out the basic jobs involved in organizing production
and start at the beginning with such jobs as basic investigations,
planning, the formulation of plans, and so forth; we must work in an
urgent, selective manner but not hesitate nor can we skip stages or
work in a sweeping manner.

3. We must launch a mass movement primarily to coordinate the need to
accelerate reform and construction with correctly upholding the rights
of the masses while using the results of production and the support of
the life of the people as the measurements of the implementation of each
policy and plan. On the one hand, we must create tens of thousands and
hundreds of thousands of activists in the movement, thereby insuring that
the mass movement constantly develops and is the dominant force in all
fields; on the other hand, we must build, consolidate and strengthen

the role of the governments on the various echelons so that they truly
become the tools of ownership of the masses. With the mass movement

we will surely overcome our difficulties and create many new capabilities
in production and everyday life.

4, We must rapidly improve the leadership ability and increase the
fighting strength of our party organization in accordance with the guidelines
set forth by the congress; in particular, we must gain a deep understanding
of the line for the socialist revolution, uphold the stand and viewpoint of
the working class, and improve our knowledge of science and technology

so that it rapidly meets the requirements of the new task; we must make
every effort to train cadres, build the district level, organize the

basic level and develop the corps of party members, especially in the
newly liberated areas, the ethnic minority areas and areas in which
religious followers are concentrated; we must revise our work methods,

All of the above have the purpose of supporting the acceleration of
agricultural, artisan and handicraft production, resolving the problems
being encountered in the lives of the people and making a positive
contribution to providing grain for the entire country.

5. Until now, the development of HauGiang Province, under the leadership
and guidance of the Party Central Committee, has had the coordination

7)



I would like to express a few thoughts concerning a matter which this
congress has discussed and reached a decision concerning, namely, the
matter of "absorbing everyone who can work in productive labor and
construction.” We all know that labor is the most valuable source of
capital, our greatest potential at this time. To develop its rich natural
resources and make the country prosperous, we must known how to utilize
and develop the full strength of our large labor force of 22 million persons,
not only the unemployed, but also those persons who do have jobs. As Lenin
said: "Having everyone participate in labor--this is one of the most
important and difficult problems of socialism."(1) In the present stage of
the revolution in our country, labor is the most patriotic activity of
each person. .

The requirements faced at this time are: not allowing anyone who is able
to work to not work or only do a very small amount of work; making labor
a joy, a source of happiness and pride of each person, each family and
each production and work unit, making it the primary foundation of the
new system of ethics and of the training of the new socialist man; making
labor a regular movement, a great festival of all of the people in order
to raise labor productivity, produce much wealth and, on this basis,
constantly improve the material and cultural lives of the people.

To accomplish this, it is first of all necessary to make every effort to
develop production installations and create jobs suited to each labor force.
We must overcome the groundless concern on the part of some who maintain
that we have too much labor and not enough imported materials and machinery
as a result of which it is impossible to fully utilize the labor force.

At present, there are jobs to be done everywhere and very many large jobs
which must be done, jobs which require tens of millions of laborers and
will immediately create use value, jobs which can be performed without
much capital, without many imported materials and machines. These jobs
include sending millions of persons to open new areas to plant grain,
industrial crops and fruit crops, construct terraced fields and help

the mountain compatriots adopt a settled lifestyle; they include producing
more and more building materials (such as bricks, stones, lime, sand, gravel,
and so forth). They include excavating hundreds of millions of cubic
meters of dirt to construct dikes and farmland water conservancy ditches.
They include accelerating afforestation on tens of million of hectares of
barren hills and sparse forest land so that we can harvest an abundance

of products 10 years from now. They include widely developing the
pisciculture and marine product trades in every lake, pond and river and
coastal area, They include appropriately opening roads to the new economic
areas and developing the very wide variety of artisan and handicraft
sectors and trades in our country to produce consumer goods for domestic
consumption and exportation, support production, support everyday life,
transportation, circulation, distribution, etc.

If the foreign trade sector skillfully plans imports and exports and if
each sector, locality and installation displays a high spirit of patriotism,

36



In order for the material supply plan to be a good plan, “it is first of
all necessary to fully assess the material capabilities and the material
needs of the entire country, of each sector, of each unit and determine

the specific type of material needed and when each type is needed"(the
political report).

This is a weakness of material supply agencies at present and we must make
an effort to correct this weakness in order to keep pace with production
and assess needs. Only in this way is it possible to conduct effective
supply operations and meet the needs of production in a timely, full

and coordinated manner with the least possible losses and the lowest
possible costs. In view of the fact that our material capabilities are
limited and stagnated, it is particularly necessary to assess needs in
order to purchase or place orders for the pruduction of suitable types

of materials for the purpose of creating the conditions needed to supply
the right type material at the right time and place, correct the practice
of having little capital but buying materials that are not used, correct
the problem of backlogs resulting from using limited material production
capacity to produce materials that do not meet requirements, and correct
the problem of some places having materials they do not need while other
places need materials they do not have which affects the effort to
complete the production plan of the installation and, as a result, affects
efforts to complete the economic plan, in general.

In conjunction with assessing needs, we must make an effort to assess
material capabilities which consist of domestic production capabilities,
import capabilities and the ability to mobilize warehouse inventories
on the various echelons.

An extremely important factor in creating increasingly abundant and stable
material capabilities is the adoption of policies and measures for accelerating
domestic production in order to eventually meet practically all of the

needs for materials. In the immediate future, we must make full use of

every capability to produce the various types of materials needed to

partially correct the imbalance that exists; we must be determined to

produce these materials even if production costs are somewhat higher.

We must end the practice on the part of ordering agencies of not producing
materials on the basis of a plan, thereby creating backlogs and imbalance

in the supply of materials.

While accelerating domestic production, it is necessary to improve the
quality of purchase orders and manage and check purchase orders for
imported materials. In the forwarding of purchase orders for imported
goods and the examination and approval of purchase orders for materials

it is necessary to carefully evaluate the correctness of the computation

of needs and economic returns. The division of responsibilities for
managing the various categories of imported materials must be clearly
delineated and the sectors put in charge must display greater responsibility
in the management of these categories. We must increase the socialist
cooperation and the responsibility to the state of the foreign trade

32



Needs in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas Detailed
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 10 Jan 77 p 4

Speech delivered by Chu Van Tan at the 4th Congress of the Party: “The
Nationalities Question and the Mountain Region"

L Text_/ I am in complete agreement with the political report presented
by Le Duan, That report presented the very basic and profound theoretical
and practical matters of the Vietnamese revolution. It also pointed out
the correct and clearsighted leadership in the spirit of independence and
automomy of our party, a Marxist-Leninist party that has grown in the
struggle for the interests of the working class and its nation, for the
interests of the international workers movement and the world revolutionary
movement .

I am also in complete agreement with the Report Reviewing Party Development
and the Revision of the Party Statutes and the Report on the Guidelines,
Tasks and Principle Objectives of the Second 5-Year Plan.

These reports summarized the valuable experiences of the previous stage
of the revolution and set forth the very important issues of the new stage.

On the occasion of this 4th National Congress of the Party, each of our
cadres and party members has the right to be proud of his beloved party,
be enthusiastic over and confident in the Party Central Committee, the
center of which is the Political Bureau, and recall the tremendous service
performed by the revered President Ho, the great leader of our party, of
our working class and people, of the ethnic majority and the ethnic
minorities in our country.

In the political report, the nationalities question was dealt with in a
clear and comprehensive manner. As Le Duan stated: "Correctly resolving
the nationalities question is one of the strategic tasks of the Vietnamese
revolution." The significance of this statement is that it summarized
the establishment and implementation of the nationalities policies of our
party since 1930.

Over the past several decades, while fighting in a very difficult situation,
the compatriots of the various nationalities still turned to the "Big
Dipper,” the beloved Uncle Ho and the party, supported and helped cadres
and troops, bravely waged the political struggle and the armed struggle,
built and protected the base and defeated the policy of the imperialists
and their lackeys to divide the ethnic minorities and deceive, oppress

and terrorize the people. Persons from practically every family joined

the people's armed forces to fight the pirates on the frontlines and protect
the rear area and joined the labor force in production and construction.
The mountain farmers in the northern provinces have determinedly followed

the course of collectivization toward socialism. State forestry sites,
state farms, new economic areas and industrial enterprises have’ been and

a


governments on the various echelons in conjunction with establishing and
clearly expressing the right of collective ownership of the working people
in every field; on the other hand, it will strengthen the forces of the
army and the public security sector, never relax its vigilance and always
be ready and determined to thwart each plot and act of sabotage of the
enemy.

The 1976-1980 Five Year Plan of the state is a very large plan. The delegation

from Ho Chi Minh City completely agrees with the economic and cultural
development line set forth by the political report. We clearly realize
that the task assigned the city by the party and the fatherland is a
very important one. To carry out this task, it is essential that we
launch and nurture an intense revolutionary movement among the masses,

Therefore, it is first of all necessary to make the municipal party
organization a strong corps of party members, strong in terms of size
and quality, a corps of party members who are skilled in their work and
possess good political qualities. Within the party organization, we must
intensify the teaching of the pure ideals of communism, give everyone

a full understanding of the five fundamental tasks set forth by the new
Party Statutes of the party, teach the lines and policies of the party,
beginning with the resolution of the 4th Congress of the Party, and

make every effort to carry out these tasks with a high level of self-
consciousness, a spirit of struggling tirelessly, a profound sense of
responsibility. The party member must not only heighten his political
qualifications, improve his knowledge of the economy and knowledge of
science and technology in order to keep pace with the requirements of the
task, rather, he must first show himself to be a communist who always
lives and fights for the ideals of communism, who possesses good morals,
is frugal, honest and impartial, has a close relationship with the masses
and always serves the working class, the working masses. He must keep
himself very pure, struggle tirelessly against non-proletarian thinking,
be vigilant against the deception and plots of the bourgeoisie, set very
good examples and correctly implement each policy of the party. He
absolutely must maintain proper mass discipline, never violate the
democratic rights of the people, maintain the people's confidence in

the revolution and the party and actively combat the maladies of autocracy
and remoteness from the masses.

In conjunction with teaching and improving the quality of the party member,
our party organization will make every effort to strengthen and consolidate
the organization of the basic party organization so that each becomes a
fortress of socialism, maintains the discipline of the party and is the
nucleus which gives the masses a clear understanding of each policy of

the party and leads the masses in fully implementing them.

Our municipal party organization has a very great honor and, at the
same time, a very large responsibility: the city bears the name of the
great President Ho Chi Minh; therefore, the party organization must always



land and restoring fields are a guideline and policy consistent with the
actual conditions of our recently reunified country.

Our people, who are diligent workers, possess creative intelligence and
have a tradition of struggling against harsh natural conditions as well
as against the cruel imperialists, have actually been carrying out the
technological revolution in agricultural production for hundreds of years.

The people of the Red River Delta have initiated intensive cultivation on
and improved hundreds of thousands of hectares of depleted, acidic, salty
land, practiced both dry and wetland cultivation and transplant rice well
with average yields of 4 to 5 tons of paddy per hectare. The farmers of
the central coastal region, who sow dry land rice, make intelligent use of
the weather by raising drought resistance varieties. The farmers of the
Mekong River Delta have long known how to take advantage of tidal waters
and the buildup and leaching of sulfates in the soil by not only planting
floating rice, but also planting wheat, sugar cane and even cotton in

the middle of the Dong Thap swamp or the U Minh forest where the sulfate
problem is most severe. Among the hundreds of slash and burn upland fields
of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands and the northwest are
permanent upland fields on which such techniques are practiced as horizontal
or contour plowing coordinated with scientific systems of rotation
cultivation, the companion cropping of corn and beans and the covering of
fields with many layers of vegetation during the rainy season to limit
erosion, use hilly land for a long time, etc.

We do not consider these innovations to only be simple technological
improvements, Rather, we think that our farmers in the areas mentioned
above, due to the pressing needs of production and life, have long been
carrying out the technological revolution under the conditions of small-
scale production to improve their soil, change their farming system,
revolutionize their mode of operation and change the face of their villages,
of a small production area, Thus, due to the pressing needs of life, in
order to develop production and with the development of production, the
small-scale and large-scale scientific-technological revolution in our
country--and the world as well~-appeared, blossomed and burst forth with
a certain amount of intensity, depending upon the specific conditions
of each country, through different social systems and the creative
intelligence and diligent labor of the people of that country.

In the coastal lowland areas, which are primarily rice growing areas (there
are 6 to 7 million hectares of arable land), the scientific-technological
revolution mainly deals with the rice plant growing under different soil
and climatic conditions. Rice is grown in the alluvial soil of the Red,
Mekong and other rivers, grown on acidic, salty soil and sulfate soil,

grown on strips of sandy coastal soil, strips of depleted soil bordering
the lowlands and tropical rice plants grow in different micro-climatic

areas from Cao Lang to Cape Ca Mau. We have a relatively full understanding
of the laws of the physiology and growth of the rice plant under different

69



In this way, the army will make positive contributions to the rapid
development of the national form of ownership; build the material-technical
base of socialism, produce wealth and help accumulate capital for
reproduction; and coordinate the economy with the defense of the nation.

It will make a positive contribution to the redistribution of labor and
production forces in the strategic areas and on a nationwide scale in

a manner consistent with the requirements of the economy and the defense
of the nation.

Through productive labor, cadres and soldiers will be forged into persons
who maintain a high level of combat readiness and into socialist workers
who are disciplined, technical, productive and possess a high spirit of
collective ownership and economic management skill and knowledge.

On the basis of the objectives mentioned above and in order to develop

its strengths, the army must, in the immediate future and in conjunction
with participating in capital construction, also participate in

agriculture, forestry and fishing in order to help the entire country
virtually resolve the grain and food problem and the problem of raw materials
for industry and exportation.

Therefore, in its economic construction task, the army can accept the following
jobs:

a) Building new agricultural and forestry economic areas and increasing
the amount of area under cultivation in large reclaimed areas in keeping
with the overall plan of the state and locality;

b) Capital construction: the construction of roads, railroads, airports,
water conservancy projects, hydroelectric power plants, factories and
housing and the reconstruction of the damaged municipalities and cities;

ce) The national defense industrial enterprises, in addition to producing
national defense goods for the army, must actively participate in the
production of economic goods needed for the everyday lives of the people;

d) Fishing and the harvesting of marine products in coordination with
protecting the coastal areas and islands.

The army will perform the tasks mentioned above on a large, medium, and
small scale in all areas, the municipalities, the lowlands, the mountain
forests, the islands and the sea, and closely coordinate mechanization,
semi-mechanization and manual labor in a method of operation suited to
each sector and trade.

1. In agriculture, the army will operate in two ways:

--It will open land to increase the amount of area under cultivation and
establish a number of large specialized farming areas in strategic localities

51



Under the light of the resolution passed by the 4th National Congress of
the Party, the organizations and echelons of the party and all cadres and
party members are determined to successfully carry out the historic tasks
concerning the ethnic minorities. We are confident that the peoples of
the ethnic minorities will follow the party with absolute confidence,
that the mountain region will achieve the general level of development
and that the ethnic minorities will make rapid progress and make worthy
contributions to the development of a prosperous and strong socialist
Vietnamese fatherland as desired by the revered Uncle Ho.

The Army in Economic Development Discussed
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 10 Jan 77 pp 4, 5
£i Speech delivered by Dong Si Nguyen at the 4th Congress of the Party:
The Army Is Very Honored and Proud To Be Allowed To Contribute Along

with All the People To Building Socialism and Attacking and Abolishing
Poverty and Backwardness". A report on this speech was published in

FBIS Asia and Pacific DAILY REPORT, Vol IV, No 17, 26 Jan 77 pp K5~K6]

[Text7 Having studied the political report, the Report on the Guidelines,
Tasks and Principle Objectives of the 5-Year Plan and the Report Reviewing
Party Development and the Revision of the Party Statutes delivered by the
Central Committee to this congress, we hereby express our complete
agreement with these documents of a very theoretical and practical nature.

As regards the task of building up the army and consolidating the national
defense system, we are also in complete agreement with the speech delivered
by Van Tien Dung. Here, we would like to express some of our thoughts
concerning the army's participation in economic work.

For more than 30 years, our army, under the banner of many battles and
many victories of the party and President Ho, has excellently completed
its historic task and, together with all the people, won total and complete
victory in the undertaking of liberating the country and winning ever-
lasting independence and freedom for the fatherland.

Ever since it was established, our army has been a fighting army, a producing
army, a working army. Today, with the shift of the revolution to a new stage,
defending the fatherland is, in conjunction with maintaining combat
readiness, the most important political task. The army has also been
assigned the task of participating in economic work and this, too, isa

very important task. This is a basic, long-range strategic task; it is

a task that is part of the nature of the revolutionary army, the nature

of the socialist system, It is also a very creative decision by the party,
the most correct way to establish the relationship between building the
country and defending it; it is also an expression of the trust the party

has in the army on the new front.

In accepting this task, the army is very honored and proud to be allowed
to contribute with all the people to building socialism, to attacking and

hg



Increased Consumer Goods Production Urged
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 11 Jan 77 p 4

LS Speech delivered by Vu Tuan at the 4th Congress of the Party: “Developing
the Production of Consumer Goods in the New Stage of the Revolution”.

Excerpts from this speech were published in FBIS Asia and Pacific DAILY
REPORT, Vol IV, No 16, 25 Jan 77, pp K2-K4]

[Text J To begin with, permit me, on behalf of all the cadres and manual
workers of the light industrial sector, to convey the warmest congratulations
to the congress of the glorious party.

We are in complete agreement with the Political Report of the Party Central
Committee presented by Le Duan to the congress. The report reviewed the
historic victory of the Vietnamese revolution in the resistance against

the United States for national salvation and in socialist construction in
northern Vietnam and, at the same time, set forth the task of the
revolution in the new stage, the general line of the socialist revolution
and socialist construction throughout our country, the economic construction
line and many important arguments concerning numerous matters in the various
fields of social life. These lines reflect the creative application of
Marxism-Leninism to the specific conditions of Vietnam. They are the
correct course for bringing our country from poverty and backwardness

and transforming it into a prosperous and strong socialist country that
possesses a modern industrial-agricultural economy, a progressive culture
and science, a strong national defense system and a civilized and happy
life.

The central task during the period of transition to socialism in our
country is carrying out socialist industrialization because only on the
basis of a system of large-scale industry is it possible for us to reform
and re-equip the entire national economy.

However, in order to create the conditions for carrying out socialist
industrialization under the specific circumstances of our country at this
time, we must first of all successfully resolve the problem of grain,
food products and consumer goods for the people. The political report
clearly pointed out that it is necessary in the 5-year (1976-1980) plan
to "highly assemble the energies of the entire country, bring about a
leap forward in agricultural development, in both farming and livestock
production, accelerate the fishing trade, practice good forestry, make
every effort to develop light industry and the food products industry,
including the artisan and handicraft industry, and, at the same time,
reform and expand existing installations and make every effort to soon
begin the construction of a number of new projects within heavy industry,
especially the machine sector.”

Our country has rich natural resources and abundant labor and our people
are diligent and creative in productive labor; however, as a result of
fighting the wars of aggression and sabotage of the imperialists, especially

35



Artisan-Handicraft Force Projected to Double by 1980
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 11 Jan 77 pp 4,5

{Speech delivered by To Thien at the 4th Congress of the Party: "Adhering
to the Law of Advancing from Small-Scale Production to Large-Scale
Production and Placing Emphasis upon the Development of the Artisan and
Handicraft Industry”

[‘text_J 0n behalf of the 1.5 million artisans and handicraftsmen and all
of the cadres and party members working within the sector, I would like to
convey our warmest congratulations to the congress.

I would also like to express to the congress our complete agreement with the
basic content of the political report presented by Le Duan and the Report

on the Guidelines and Task of the 5-Year Plan and the Report on the Revision
of the Party Statutes presented by Pham Van Dong and Le Duc Tho.

We view these as documents in the nature of reviews, documents of a
creative nature, documents of both theoretical and practical value...

a) Under the light of the party's line for the socialist revolution and
in only a short amount of time (1958-1960), 95 percent of the handicraftsmen
in northern Vietnam shifted to the collective way of earning a living, It
can be said that since northern Vietnam was liberated, handicraftsmen have,
under the leadership of the party, experienced two qualitative changes in
their political lives: after liberation day (1954), they stopped being
slave laborers, stopped being the victims of competition and pressure and
became workers exercising ownership of an independent and free country;
after socialist reform (1960), they stopped being private owners and became
collective owners. Since the 3rd congress 16 years ago, despite the two
wars of destruction, despite the many difficulties of our country's
economy and despite the need to evacuate and relocate, join the fight
against the enemy, protect production and maintain production, the collect-
ivization movement has been maintained, the material-technical base of
cooperatives has been strengthened, production has been developed and the
needs of the state and the people have been served relatively well in

war time as well as peace time (in 1960, total artisan and handicraft
output value in northern Vietnam was 562 million dong; in 1976, it rose

to 1,320,000,000 dong, approximately three times higher than total output
value during the period of reform). Deserving of attention is that during
the past 3 or 4 years (1975-1976), the annual rate of increase has been
rather high, more than 15 percent.

However, compared to the great potentials that exist, we see that this rate
of development is still slow, the variety of products is small, product
quality is low, production costs are high, technical advances are made
slowly, production is still decentralized, the thinking and method of earning
a living of the small-scale producer are still widespread and the sense of
collective ownership is poor.

59



The above are only a few matters pertaining to upholding the right of
socialist collective ownership.

The nationalities line and policy of our party are very correct. To
thoroughly implement this line and policy among the masses in order to
achieve victory, it is necessary to have cadres, Ethnic minority cadres
and mountain cadres are a very decisive matter in advancing the mountain
region to the general level of development, a vital matter in the
nationalities policy of our party.

The present corps of ethnic minority and mountain cadres is the result of
the concern, training and education provided by our party. However,
because the movement has not developed uniformly and the revolution has
shifted to a new stage, the shortage of ethnic minority and mountain cadres
has worsened and their abilities have not kept pace with the new
requirements, Regarding the cadre issue, we think that the party must
adopt a stronger policy and that the state and the various sectors,
echelons and localities must adopt plans and organize their implementation
ina more positive manner. In this 5-year plan, an appropriate amount

of capital must be invested in cadres, considering this to be an initial
capital investment in the mountain region.

We must intensify the transfer of cadres to the mountain region, the
transfer of cadres to work at the units and sectors of the state and the
transfer of cadres to support the mass movement. In addition to building
the revolutionary spirit of cadres and establishing regulations which

make it a responsibility to work at difficult places, it is necessary to
establish a policy which provides appropriate compensation in terms of
educational opportunities, various activities, standard of living support,
bonuses, and so forth so that cadres support the revolution in the mountain
region, a part of our fatherland, with assurance and enthusiasm,

Within the various units, sectors, echelons and localities, emphasis must
be placed upon training cadres on the job, enthusiastically guiding

cadres, utilizing cadres in an appropriate manner and boldly promoting
them. It is necessary to train and forge cadres through the revolutionary
movement of the masses and the realities of work and production so that
cadres are closely linked to the undertaking of the masses and are creative
in their activities.

In the face of the pressing requirements of economic management, the
management of society, the establishment and improvement of the new
production relations, the development of agriculture, forestry, industry,
the training of teachers, public health services, and so forth, the
mountain provinces must actively train middle level and elementary level
cadres, manual workers and technical and specialized personnel, Ethnic
minority army cadres and soldiers, demobilized military personnel within
the locality who have combat experience, progressive persons in the mountain
region movement and good cadres now working should be selected for cadre
training schools.

XT



which youths participate in management, such as congresses of young
cooperative members, days and weeks when youths participate in enterprise
management, youth inspection units, red flag youth units, etc. Many
forms of youth activities have developed, expanded and become the common
movement of the enterprise and cooperative.

In order to have a strong youth movement, the Youth Group must be truly
strong in terms of the number of Youth Group members and their quality,
it must be the key force, the combat assault unit of youths capable

of widely assembling youths in the revolutionary movement.

Experience has also shown that youths are a contingent of the people,
consequently, the youth movement must be the assault, key force in the
revolutionary movements of the masses so that the mass movements achieve
an increasingly high level of development and become intense, strong
revolutionary movements in every field of activity. Therefore, mobilizing
youths must become the common task of the party, of all sectors and
governmental echelons, At places where close party leadership is provided
and the government supports, creates every condition for, and closely
coordinates with the Youth Group, the youth movement is intense, continuous
and yields good results.

These are the experiences gained from the successes of the youth movement
as well as from its shortcomings and weaknesses. We think that attention
must be given to the practices on the part of the Youth Group organizations
at a number of places of placing heavy emphasis upon general mobilization
and exhortation while lacking specific forms and measures and of adopting
forms and measures for building the movement while not providing determined
supervision, only being intense at the start and not establishing close
coordination between the Youth Group and the sectors and various governmental
echelons; the leadership of the various party committee echelons has, at
certain times, not relied upon the strength of the collective of the Youth
Group organization, rather, it has placed much emphasis on mobilizing and
utilizing individual Youth Group cadres and not truly given attention to
closely coordinating the building of the Youth Group movement with the
education and forging of youths.

Today, our country has entered a new era, the era of independence and
freedom, of the rapid, strong and steady advance by the entire country

to socialism. The resolution of this party congress is a lantern lighting
the way for our people into an extremely brilliant future; at the same time,
it has faced the youths of our country with very heavy and glorious
responsibilities.

In the new stage of the revolution, our party is relying upon youths very
much, The political report pointed out: "The brilliant future of the
socialist Vietnamese fatherland lies in the hands of youths, teenagers
and children." In fact, youths are the persons who will build and manage
the new society.

19



love of socialism, spirit of collective ownership and sense of responsibility
in expanding production and skillfully mobilizes and organizes laborers and
provides them with good working and living conditions, we will surely be
able to find and develop these potentials. Recently, the productive labor
movement in Quynh Luu has provided us with a good example. In the spirit

of persons firmly entrenched in their position as owners, persons determined
to abandon old, outmoded concepts concerning the organization of labor, the
party organization and people of Quynh Luu have transformed their locality
into a large worksite, mobilized tens of thousands of laborers, increased
the rate of construction of the material and cultural base, improved the
standard of living of the people and established a method of exercising
ownership in labor and guidelines for advancing from small-scale production
to large-scale production which are consistent with the economic and
cultural levels and the tradition of diligent labor of our people. Although
it is necessary to continue to improve its organization and supplement the
experiences that have been gained, the labor movement in Quynh Luu has
proven the saying: "Without the support of the people, not even the

easiest of jobs can be performed; with the support of the people, even

the most difficult jobs can be completed."

The experience of Quynh Luu, if studied and widely applied in the 500
districts, will cause our people to enthusiastically assemble all of the
labor in the country within the distribution of social labor and will
surely create a remarkable strength, one which will make it possible

to perform jobs we could not perform in the past.

On the other hand, we must intensify our educational efforts and give
everyone a clear understanding of the socialist labor viewpoint, of the
noble and incomparable significance of labor. Under our system, the
nature of work has undergone a fundamental change--from working for hire
and being exploited to working as a collective owner, working for oneself
and one's society.

Today, under the socialist system, labor has become the sacred obligation
and the great honor of each citizen, become the origin and base of the
economic and social system of our country. It is the most dynamic, the
most decisive factor in the development of the country, it is the only
thing needed for us to practice self-reliance and improve the standard of
living of the people. It is also the strongest action we can take to
abolish the remnants of the system of man exploiting man, the system
within which “rights belong to one class but obligations belong to another,”
In fact, only by working with high productivity is it possible to resolve
the problem of "who defeats whom” in the class struggle which our people
are waging. Only by working, working in an organized, disciplined and
technical manner, working in a voluntary and self-conscious manner, working
in an intelligent and brave manner is it possible to rapidly, strongly

and steadily advance to socialism. If we do not have machines, we must
use manual labor. But even if jobs must be performed with manual labor
they must be skillfully performed and well organized.

37



of production and the strategic distribution of labor throughout the
country.

The building of new economic areas must begin with the development of the
district, we must rely upon the district to expand the building of new
economic areas; on the basis of planning the district's production, we
must calculate the needs for labor and determine where cooperatives, state
farms and forestry sites should be built. The construction of state
farms can be performed by manual labor until machinery is available.

On the basis of the zoning of areas and production planning, we will use
the district as the base for balancing the supply of grain, balancing it
in a positive manner from the structure of production to daily meals; we
will use the district as the base for gradually building specialized
farming areas in order to balance livestock production with farming and
in order to produce more export goods and accelerate the reorganization
of production and the construction of the material-technical base.

In this manner and in order to implement the resolution of the historic
congress, agriculture will surely undergo a change by accelerating the
camapign to reorganize agricultural production and management toward
large-scale socialist production, by establishing the strategic deployment
of production and division of labor throughout the country and by
organizing and mobilizing a large labor force to build water conservancy
projects, build the material-technical base and so forth with the district
being the base for organizing and carrying out these processes. Therefore,
the building of a strong district echelon is very important and pressing
at this time. A strong district means that the sector must be strong and
effective because the district is closely linked to the sector in a
unified management system,

Technological Revolution in Agriculture Discussed

Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 12 Jan 77 pp 4, 5

£ Speech delivered by Le Duy Thuoc at the 4th Congress of the Party:
Moving Our Troops Strongly Forward in the Scientific and Technological
Revolution in Order To Rapidly Advance Our Country's Agriculture to
Large-Scale Socialist Production" /

Li Text_7 I fully endorse the general line for the socialist revolution and
agree with the line for building the socialist economy in the new stage in
our country which were presented by Le Duan, the ist secretary of the
Party Central Committee, to the congress.

In the 5-year (1976-1980) plan, highly concentrating the efforts of the
entire country, of all sectors and echelons in order to bring about a
leap forward in agricultural development...with attention to all three
areas of intensive cultivation, increasing the number of crops grown per
year, and expanding the amount of area under cultivation by reclaiming

68



CONTENTS (Continued)

Increased Consumer Goods Production Urged,
by Vu Tuan

Artisan-Handicraft Force Projected to Double by 1980,
by To Thien

District Level To Be Restructured, Le Thanh

Technological Revolution in Agriculture Discussed,
by Le Duy Thuoc

Page



hills to raise slightly more than 1 million buffalo and head of cattle.
The ethnic minorities and ethnic Vietnamese living in the hilly and
mountainous areas only produce about 20 percent of the country's total
agricultural output value each year.

By 1980, according to the directive of the congress, nearly 40 percent of the
21 million tons of grain must be produced in the midlands and mountains;

of the 1 million tons of pork, live weight, an important percentage must

be supplied by the hilly and mountain areas; the majority of such
agricultural. exports as tea, coffee, rubber, oranges, pineapples, bananas,
and so forth. will be shipped from the hills and mountains to ports.
Obviously, the land in the hilly and: mountainous areas, the home of the
revolution, is also a kind and good nother giving birth to more and more
wealth for our entire nation.

However, it is regrettable-that little has been done over the past 20
years to expand scientific and technological work in order to accelerate
agricultural production in the hills and_mountains. In 1957, Premier
Pham Van Dong wrote "hon ngoc Tay Bac"/TM Tay Bac, the Precious Gen 7 and
directed that the agricultural sector build an ageicultural research and
agaicultural scientific-technical cadre training center to develop the
rich natural resources of the fatherland's western region. To date, the
agricultural sector has only constructed the Viet Bac College of Agriculture
and -the Tay Bac Agricultural Science Research Center but there is still a
serious shortage of cadres and equipment. Hundreds of agricultural
engineers have been invested in a lowland province such as Ha Nam Ninh
which measures 400,000 hectares but in all three former provinces of the
northwest, which measure nearly 4 million hectares, and the entire
Central Highlands, which encompass 5 million hectares of land and where
many areas are uninhabited, there are no agricultural scientific-technical
cadres. The mountain region has not built many terraced fields and
hundreds of thousands of highland compatriots are still nomads. Some
cadres maintain that the compatriots of the mountain region are still

in the period of gathering and picking and cannot be introduced to science
and technology. Such a view underevaluates the mountain region in many
respects. The farmers of the mountains, although some are illiterate, are
very revolutionary, very honest, they trust the party and trust cadres;
they are ready to immediately accept and immediately apply, in a rather
high spirit of ownership, any technical advance which effectively supports
their production and everyday lives. Under the leadership of the township
party committee, the Dao compatriots at. the Ban Cang Cooperative in Nguyen
Binh District, Cao Lang Province, built all of their homes of bricks and
tiles and each family has a loudspeaker; for nearly 10 years, they have
been operating and repairing their own small hydroelectric power plant.
Since liberation day and under the leadership of the Mang Giang District
Party Committee in Gia Lai-Kontum Province, the Bana compatriots in Bo Nong
Township, although the majority of them are still illiterate, have
constructed the La-pech dam, dug a 15 kilometer canal in exact accordance
with design blueprints, built 500 hectares of wet rice fields and established
settled lifestyles for more than 2,000 citizens. The Meo tribesmen of the

7



ecological conditions and our farmers in each of the areas mentioned above
have accumulated much experience in the intensive cultivation of rice.
Even during the worst years of the war of resistance against the United
States for national salvation, we, under the leadership of the party,
applied the modern achievements of the biological revolution taking place
in the world. Our.farmers in the lowlands, although producing primarily
by manual labor, achieved rice yields of 4 to 5 tons per hectare, equalling
the high yields in the advanced countries which have a modern industry,
modern agriculture and progressive science and technology. We are fully
capable of accelerating the scientific-technological revolution in the
coastal lowlands to bring about an extraordinary stage of development in
rice production and raise total paddy output from the present level of

10 million tons to 15 or 20 million tons in the next several years.

The requirements of the scientific and technological revolution as regards
the wet rice plant of our country in the lowlands are to reorganize the
specialized rice growing areas, improve farmland water conservancy systems,
mechanize the production process, practice intensive cultivation to improve
soils, introduce new varieties and introduce technical advances in main
crop production in an effort to rapidly achieve uniform yields of 3 to 4
tons per hectare per season with an expenditure of only 4 to 5 mandays

per quintal of paddy.

The advance to large-scale socialist production of the lowland areas
specializing in the intensive cultivation of wet rice demands the rapid
development of hog herds for meat and fertilizer and the simultaneous
carrying out of the scientific-technological revolution in hog production.
With the long experience we have in household hog production, with the
recent advances in collective and state-operated hog production and by
boldly applying the achievements of the world biological revolution in
the improvement of domestic breeds of hogs, in increasing the sources of
feed and in hog epidemic control and treatment measures, we surely can
have 16.5 million hogs of a rather high market weight by 1980.

More difficulties are involved in carrying out the scientific-technological
revolution in the hilly and mountainous areas, The midland hilly areas

and the mountain region of our country comprise nearly 26 million hectares,
nearly three-fourths of the territory of the country and they have rich
natural resources but not much has been done to develop them. The red
basalt soil there is the best type of tropical soil; there are only several
tens of thousands of hectares of this soil in all of Southeast Asia but
there are more than 2 million hectares of red basalt soil in Vietnam,
nearly 100 percent of which is in the hilly and mountainous areas (the
Central Highlands: 66 percent; eastern Nam Bo: 30 percent), From the
foothills to the highlands there are micro-climatic areas varying from
tropical and subtropical to temperate which permit businesses in many
types of crops and species of livestock. But of these 26 million hectares
of hilly and mountainous land we are only farming slightly more than 1
million hectares (4 percent of natural land) and only using naturally grassy

70



On the basis of these figures, it seems impossible to clear 1 million
hectares in the next 4 or 5 years. Because, when we sit down and compute
plan-style balances, many factors are found to lack balance (machines,
equipment, materials, labor, etc.), However, with the revolutionary
spirit of the people, such as that displayed at the I-a Rung land clearing
worksite, the Vach Bac water conservancy worksite and many other worksites
throughout the country, by boldly introducing technical advances in main
crop production, including the modern techniques that are special features
of large-scale socialist production, and by building the revolutionary
spirit of cadres, party members, millions of working people and the
hundreds of thousands of soldiers of the people's army to bravely march
into battle on the scientific-technical front, we will surely win new
victories and create new balances and conditions for simultaneously
carrying out both revolutions, the first technological revolution and

the second scientific-technological revolution, on the rice fields and
upland fields of our entire country.

7809
cs0: 4909 END



congress our absolute confidence in the leadership of the party, express
our total agreement with the line of the party and promise to be
determined to implement the resolution of the congress.

With the concern and care of the party and state, with the determination
of the entire party and all of the people to display in the development
of the independent, unified and socialist country the spirit of victory
and the revolutionary heroism they displayed in combat, and with the
spirit of enthusiasm, the sense of responsibility and the desire to become
the common masters of the entire country of ‘the cadres, party members and
people of the ethnic minorities, we are confident that the future of the
ethnic minorities as well as the entire nation of Vietnam will be an
extremely bright one. We hope that the resolution of the congress concerning
the nationalities question will be concretized by the new Party Central
Committee in a comprehensive nationalities policy in the new stage.

Our party and our people will surely better implement the teaching of the
revered President Ho: "The objective of our nationalities policy is to
achieve equality and mutual help among the ethnic minorities so that they
can advance together to socialism,”

Increased Domestic Production of Materials Planned
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 8 Jan 77 pp 4, 5

[Speech delivered by Tran Sam at the 4th Congress of the Party: "The
Supply of Materials Must Competently Support Production and Stimulate
Scientific and Technological Advances" 5

L! Text_7 Amidst the exciting atmosphere of the congress, I have the honor
of conveying to the congress, on behalf of the party members, cadres and
manual and office workers engaged in material supply work, our absolute
confidence in the line and policy which this congress has set forth to
guide all of the people of Vietnam into a future of comfort and happiness.

All of the party members, cadres and manual and office workers engaged in
material supply work are very proud of the glorious party and deeply grateful
to the Party Central Committee and the revered President Ho who cared for,
guided and taught us to be increasingly strong in every respect and who
created the conditions for us to constantly improve our support of the

war of resistance against the United States for national salvation and
socialist construction.

We are in complete agreement with the line of the socialist revolution in
our country and the guidelines and tasks of the second 5-year plan which
Le Duan, the ist Secretary, and Pham Van Dong, member of the Political
Bureau and Premier, reported to the congress.

In implementing this correct and creative line and, specifically, in
"gradually carrying out the socialist industrialization of the country,

30



of the central sectors and the encouragement and support of the various
localities, ineluding the brotherhood provinces in the North; thus,
whether Hau Giang develops quickly or slowly depends, in addition to
the efforts we make, upon these important objective factors.

Due to its land and population conditions, Hau Giang occupies an
important position in the country; we will do our very best to fulfill
the task assigned us by the entire country and the people of the
province,

Growth and Task of Youth Movement Outlined
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 5 Jan 77 pp 4, 5

[Speech delivered by Vu Quang at the 4th Congress of the Party: "Training
Youths To Be the Loyal and_Outstanding Inheritors of the Revolutionary
Undertaking of the Party" /

[Vext_7 The Political Report of the Party Central Committee presented
by Le Duan to the congress is a document which very deeply and thoroughly
reviewed the experience of the Vietnamese revolution and the correct

and creative leadership of our party over the past 16 years and set

forth the line and task of the revolution throughout the country for

the years to come,

Ever since it was founded, our party and the boundlessly revered Uncle Ho
have always given their attention to the training of youths, considering
the Youth Group to be the competent assistant and the reliable reserve unit
of the party. In the political report, our party highly evaluated the
contributions made by and the forging of youths and the Ho Chi Minh Lao
Dong Youth Group and set forth the task for the Youth Group and the youth
movement in the new situation. ;
Permit me, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Lao Dong
Youth Group and the Youth Group members and youths of the entire country,
to express our complete agreement with the political report and our
pride and confidence in and deep gratitude to the glorious Vietnam Lao
Dong Party and the boundlessly revered Uncle Ho who have guided and
trained one generation of youths after another to be the heroic young
generation of the heroic nation of Vietnam.

Over the past 16 years, with the leadership, education, and training of
our party and Uncle Ho, the Youth Group and the youth movement of our
country rapidly matured and made outstanding contributions in the war

of resistance against the United States for national salvation and in
socialist construction. In the stern challenges of the revolution, Youth

16



have been challenged and forged in the war of resistance against the
United States for national salvation and in socialist construction, possess
a scientific and technical education and good health, like the new, are
creative, and despise conservatism and slowness. The position of youths
within the family and in society has been heightened. However, as a result
of the neo-colonialist system of the Americans and the puppets, there are
hundreds of thousands of youths in the newly liberated areas who are
cowboys, prostitutes, hoodlums, heroin addicts and narcotic addicts.
Hundreds of thousands of youths were poisoned by them and turned into
decadent hoodlums in the puppet army, These are serious aftereffects
which we cannot eliminate through education and reform ina short period
of time. On the other hand, the class struggle, the struggle between the
two ways of life throughout our country is continuing and the majority

of our youths are farmers from small producer backgrounds; therefore, we
still find anong youths such remants of the old society as liberalism,
the lack of organization, selfishness, religious superstition, the habit
of relying upon others and the fear of difficulties and hardships; a
contingent of youths in the cities are still under the influence of
bourgeois thinking. Therefore, the matter of teaching and training youths
to be new persons, of reforming those youths who are victims of the old
system is a very important and large task which our party, the state and
the mass organizations must undertake along with the Youth Group.

We endorse the comprehensive educational goals and subjects set forth for
youths by the political report. Emphasis must be placed upon teaching
youths about Marxism-Leninism, the lines and policies of the party and
the laws of the state, teaching them the spirit of collective ownership,
the love of work, the spirit of revolutionary vigilance, the spirit of
being ready to defend the fatherland, the spirit of patriotism and

the proletarian international spirit, revolutionary ethics and the
revolutionary style of life, In their political and ideological
educational activities, we suggest that the various party committee echelons
and the Department of Propaganda and Training of the Central Committee
establish a system of political and contemporary issue reporters to help
the Youth Group. The Youth Group must improve its forms of education to
be attractive and interesting to youths, for example, it must use club
activities, present examples of good people and good work, teach through
model units, hold discussions of subjects, conduct visits to revolutionary
ruins, meet with outstanding revolutionary soldiers, heroes, emulation
warriors, and so forth.

Political and ideological education are very important; however, in the
education of the young generation, light attention cannot be given to
academic and technical education. The role played by the socialist school,
by the teacher in the education of the young generation is very important.
We suggest that the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Colleges and
Vocational Middle Schools and the Technical Worker Training General
Department give their attention to improving the quality of political

and ideological education and the teaching of ethics in schools and
properly implement the educational principle and guideline of the party

22



political struggle against the enemy's conscription of troops, fight the
enemy in their strongholds in Saigon, Hue and Da Nang and accelerate
production in the liberated areas.

The "three readies" movement and the "five assaults" movement truly became
a broad revolutionary movement of youths resisting the United States for
national salvation, truly became schools of revolutionary heroism for

the young generation. This movement to resist the United States for
national salvation reached its pinnacle in the general offensive and
uprising in the spring of 1975 with the historic Ho Chi Minh campaign
that totally liberated southern Vietnam and reunified the country.

After the day southern Vietnam was totally liberated and in order to
overcome the aftereffects of the war and restore and develop the economy,
the Youth Group launched the "build the fatherland through voluntary
labor" movement. Millions of young manual workers and collective farmers
signed pledges to exceed their plan norms. Millions of youths participated
in communist work days, contributing 9 million mandays to production and
construction. In the southern provinces, the voluntary labor movement
has mobilized hundreds of thousands of youths to go build new economic
areas, disarm mines, reclaim and open land, build water conservancy
projects, help pursue the enemy, build the revolutionary government,
protect order and security, eradicate the reactionary slave culture,
build the new culture, wipe out illiteracy and serve as supplementary
education teachers.

On the basis of the realities of the youth movement in the recent past,

it can be stated that the youths of our country are persons who possess
revolutionary spirit, bravery, intelligence and creativity, possess the
spirit of eager volunteers, and always take the lead in each revolutionary
task of the party. At places where youths are trusted and relied upon,
places where the eagerness and enthusiasm of youths are tapped, youths are
the assault force opening the way for intense revolutionary movements of
the masses,

Mobilizing youths is a science and an art. On the basis of the political
task of the party, it has been necessary, during each period of time,

to adopt suitable forms of movements, forms suited to each category of
youths, forms which attract the mass of youths to revolutionary activities.
These youth movements have yielded concrete results in production and
combat and had the result of teaching and forging youths. The rich and
living realities of the youth movement created many forms of work, many
slogans of action which have mobilized and gained the participation of
the mass of youths, such as; the "carry 100 kilograms and walk 1,000
miles" physical training program in combat readiness; skill training and
skilled worker tests among young manual workers; talent contests among
young farmers; large youth projects, such as the railroad project, youth
economic areas, widespread projects such as youth vehicles and machines,
5-10 ton field to defeat the United States and "youths following the
teachings of Uncle Ho” stores; the various forms of organization under

18



building the material-technical base of socialism and advancing our country's
economy from small-scale production to large-scale socialist production,”
which begins with carrying out the tasks of the 5-year plan, we enjoy certain
basic advantages; however, at the same time, we face certain difficulties,
among which "the largest difficulty is the economy in which small-scale
production predominates, labor productivity and national income are very

low, there is a shortage of grain and food for humans, raw materials,

fuels and spare parts for industry..." In such a situation, we must fully
realize that the management of technical materials is extremely important.

The political report clearly pointed out that "the supply of materials must
have the purpose of competently supporting production and stimulating
scientific and technological advances. In the immediate future, every
effort must be concentrated on producing enough materials for the 5-year
economic development and reform plan; all areas of this work must be
improved, from the formulation of plans and the creation of the sources of
goods to the organization of supply operations and the management of the
use of materials." We will fully comply with this correct directive of the
party.

The planning of the supply of materials is an important part of the entire
planning of the national economy.

Therefore, it is necessary to urgently improve the planning of the supply

of materials from the central to the basic levels. The planning of the
supply of materials must be designed to competently support production,
stimulate the development of science and technology and focus each effort

on creating ample materials for production and construction, Every job

from the determination of needs, the calculation of capabilities, the
creation of sources of materials (through imports, production and excavation,
making full use of domestic materials, and so forth) and the distribution

of materials to consumer units to the supply of materials, and so forth

must be carried out in a planned sequence,

Material supply plans must be formulated on all economic management echelons
from the basic to the central levels. Only in this way is it possible to
create the conditions for installations to take the initiative in production,
possible to have the basis for balancing the supply of materials in an
accurate manner consistent with the requirements of production and, at

the same time, consistent with the unified, centralized management
requirement of the socialist state.

To insure the planning of the supply of materials, it is necessary to
establish a clear, specific division of labor and echelons and close
cooperation between the State Planning Commission and the ministries which
have the function of managing the supply of materials, on the one hand, and
the ministries and localities managing production and the production
installations, on the other hand,

31



On the basis of meeting the target of 1 million tons of grain, Thai Binh
will endeavor to accelerate the intensive cultivation and the expansion
of the amount of area under the cultivation of industrial crops and food
crops, especially the several main types of industrial crops, such as
rushes, jute, mulberries, etc.

Thai Binh will also make full use of the land in canal and ditch banks and
coastal sand dunes and sand bars to raise spices and medicinal plants to
produce essential oils and drugs for the people and exportation.

In 1976, Thai Binh, once a primarily agricultural province with a very
small industrial output, recorded an industrial and handicraft output
value of nearly 100 million dong, nearly 70 percent of which was the
value of raw materials produced by agriculture.

++-In the next several years, the guideline for distributing labor primarily
involves shifting a relatively large percentage of the population in the
densely populated lowlands and the municipality to the mountain and midland
areas and places where land can be opened for agriculture and forestry,
primarily for grain production, in order to take an important step in
correcting the unbalanced distribution of labor and the population on a
nationwide scale and actively lay the foundation for redistributing labor
on a large scale between agriculture and industry in the future.

Today, our fatherland has entered a new period, its most brilliant period
of development, and the party organization and people of Thai Binh have
raised the issue of "going anywhere there is forest land, anywhere the
fatherland is in need of development and construction.” The party
organization and people of Thai Binh are always ready and have been ready
to go anywhere in the country, to any province in the mountains, the
Central Highlands or eastern Nam Bo. The cadres and people of Thai Binh
are ready to go to any province which needs people to build and develop
the economy in order to help the comrades and compatriots of the entire
country make our fatherland increasingly prosperous and strong.

Hau Giang To Develop Agricultural Production

Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 28 Dec 76 p 5

L Excerpts from speech delivered by Tran Van Long, secretary of the
Provincial party committee and head of the party organization delegation
from Hau Giang Province, at the 4th Congress of the Party: "Hau Giang
Occupies an Important Position in the Country; We Will Try To Fulfill the
Task Assigned by the Entire Country and the People of the Province" 7

Text_7 Under the light of this national congress and on the basis of

he actual situation during the more than 1 year since liberation, we are
confident that Hau Giang Province will develop rapidly in the next 4 years,
Possibly raising the total output of rice 3 to 3.5 times compared to 1975

13



Tua Chua highland area in former Tay Bac used Meo plows to build terraced
fields and have been farming permanent corn and bean fields for decades;
they are no longer nomadic, These facts eloquently prove that the
compatriots of the ethnic minorities, under the leadership of the party,
are ready to simltaneously carry out the three revolutions, the key one
being the scientific-technological revolution.

The requirement of the agricultural scientific-technological revolution
in the hilly and mountainous areas of our country is to implement an
advanced system of farming and livestock production on sloped land, one
which guarantees high output and the constant improvement of the, soil,
that is, one which upholds the law of socialist agriculture. We have a
relatively full understanding of the laws of the physiology and growth of
wet rice and hogs in the lowlands. However, we have not conducted much
research into many annual and perennial crops (such as upland rice, corn,
kaoliang, potatoes, cassava, soybeans, cotton, sugar cane, tea, coffee,
rubber and fruit crops) grown on dry, sloped land and many species of
livestock, such as buffalo, cattle, hogs, goats, sheep and so forth raised
on sloped land. As a result, in the immediate future, many efforts must
be concentrated on basic investigations, research, experimentation and
testing in the hilly and mountainous areas and on sloped land in order to
rapidly lay the scientific and economic-technical basés for bringing about
a leap forward in the development of agricultural production in the

hilly and mountainous areas of our country.

--We have many basic advantages in our favor for carrying out the scientific-
technological revolution in our country in order to bring about a leap
forward in the development of agriculture in the years to come, advantages
such as much potential in terms of land, abundant labor, and so forth.
However, we still face countless difficulties, such as the weak material
base, a lack of investment capital and equipment, a shortage of cadres,
the low and varying level of knowledge of science and technology on the
part of the farmers in the lowlands and the mountains, the narrow
lowlands where there are millions of surplus laborers and the vast hilly
and mountain areas where there is a shortage of inhabitants, the fact

that the entire country is still virtually in a state of small-scale
production and manual labor, etc.

Allow me to cite one small example. In the celebration of the 4th Party
Congress by the Gia Lai-Kontum provincial party organization, during the
November 1976 emulation drive, the I-a-de Township Land Clearing Company
at the I-a Rung manual labor worksite in Chu Pa District cleared hilly
land, dug up the roots of 200 large trees, 347 small trees and 77 vines
and leveled and constructed embankments around 2 hectares of fields,
expending 1,204 mandays. To be able to transplant rice and produce 40 to
50 quintals of paddy during this winter-spring season, the people of the
township invested 800 more mandays, not including the money spent on seeds
and ash for fertilizer. Thus, it required 600 mandays to clear 1 hectare
of wet rice field and the first crop after clearing was produced at a cost
of 40 to 50 mandays per quintal of paddy.

72



and artisan industry in order to be able to reorganize sectors and trades,
reorganize them along the lines of large-scale production for the purpose
of accelerating production in accordance with the economic laws of socialism,

The consumer goods needs of our people and army are becoming more varied
with each passing day. According to incomplete figures, the needs of the
people and army of the entire country presently encompass nearly 10,000
types of products of 100,000 different types and styles, from needles,
thread, bowls, chopsticks, clothing, sandals, hats, paper, pencils and
children's toys to sewing machines, bicycles, irons, electric fans, watches,
radios and televisions. Of these products, a very large percentage is
produced by local industry and the handicraft industry. However, the
present distribution of production forces is unbalanced; except for Hanoi,
Ho Chi Minh City and Haiphong where local industry and the handicraft
industry are rather highly developed, the forces in the other provinces
are still small. Therefore, in this 5-year plan and in conjunction with
making investments in central industry, we suggest that the party and
state give particular attention to investing in the development of local
industry, including the artisan and handicraft trades, and establish

a division of management responsibilities between the central and Local
levels and an efficient division of labor among the various installations
in order to strongly develop consumer goods production. The heavy
industrial installations should also participate to some extent in consumer
goods production by making full use of discarded materials and products
to produce subsidiary products in accordance with the general division

of labor.

To establish an industrial-agricultural structure in the various provinces
and municipalities and in conjunction with the construction of heavy
industrial installations in such sectors as electric power, coal, machinery
and metallurgy and agricultural chemicals and the construction of
installations in light industry and the food products industry, we suggest
that the various provinces adopt plans based on the specific raw material
and labor situation in the locality for gradually building a consumer
goods production system comprised of the following sectors and trades:

The grain and food products processing sector; the textile sector (weaving,
knitting, silk reeling, wool and jute spinning, jute weaving, etc.) and
the sector producing ready-made clothing for the people and exportation;
the leather and leather goods processing sector; the sector producing
paper pulp and various types of cardboard; the sector producing wooden
furniture for families, schools-and child care centers; the sector producing
household items of pottery, ceramic and glass; the sectors producing metal,
rubber and plastic goods; the sector producing teaching and learning aids;
the sector producing public health implements and the installations
producing common musical instruments; the children's toys production
sector; the sector producing athletic equipment; the installations
repairing watches, radios, televisions, motorized bicycles, etc,

dT



totally foreign to the ideals and objectives of socialism. Therefore,

it is necessary.to struggle against these phenomena, necessary to intensify
the teaching of the obligation to work to each citizen, With regard to
the number of persons who are able to work but refuse to, it is necessary
to take more determined measures to force them to work.

The vast majority of our party members have shown themselves to be pure,
lead exemplary personal lives, and work in an exemplary manner. We. are
confident that the collective of party members, which determines the
atmosphere surrounding work, has an impact upon the life and activity
of society, and influences the general atmosphere of the capital, will
advance the revolutionary movement of the people of the capital to a
higher and stronger stage of development.

In the establishment of socialist ideology, as in every other field of
life, the working class, the foundation of socialist construction, is the
most important factor, the factor determining our progress. The more
than 140,000 manual workers of Hanoi are the best base of the party and
determine the face of life in the capital. Experience has proven the
strength of the manual worker in productive labor and in political life.
The situation surrounding the development of the socialist labor team
and unit movement within the city is concrete proof of this. However,
there are still many jobs which must be done to raise the political,
ideological and academic level of the manual worker, in general, and
improve his occupational skills. Because a large percentage of manual
workers only recently joined the working class, were once students,
farmers or urban petty bourgeoisie, and have not been forged for many
years in enterprises, they still bear many vestiges of the old classes
and display the free and fragmented style of the small-scale producer.
To become the vanguard revolutionary class, the working class must reform
itself. This is the responsibility of comrades who have the task of
working at enterprises and of the mass organizations, especially the
Trade Union, in order to improve the situation and heighten the
ideological and academic level of the manual worker; this is also the
common responsibility of our entire Hanoi party organization.

Ho Chi Minh City To Become Major Industrial Center
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 17 Dec 76 p 5

Lo Excerpts from speech delivered by Nguyen Van Linh, member of the Party
Central Committee, secretary of the Ho Chi Minh Municipal Party Committee
and head of the Ho Chi Minh Municipal Party Organization delegation, to
the 4th Congress of the Party_/ :

L Text_7 Dear comrades,

+» The delegation from Ho Chi Minh City is very happy to express its complete

agreement with the Political Report of the Party Central Committee presented
by the ist secretary.



Our nation of Vietnam is a nation which has a tradition of uniting in
struggle against foreign aggression and struggling with nature to defend

and build the fatherland. Ever since the party has been providing leadership,
this tradition has been enhanced and the peoples of the ethnic minorities
have fought and produced shoulder to shoulder, shared one another's joys

and sorrows and shared the glory.

The law of development of the socialist revolution in our country has been
and is encouraging "the ethnic minorities to live in equality, unity and
harmony inthespirit of socialism," This is a step forward that has come
about just as Lenin said it would: "Whereas the system of private ownership
and capitalism inevitably lead to divisions between people, ethnic minority
hatreds and increased oppression of ethnic minorities, the system of public
ownership and collective work inevitably bring people closer together,
destroy ethnic minority hatreds and abolish the oppression of ethnic
minorities,"

We have, in the recent past, done a good job of building ethnic minority
solidarity and we must give even more attention to developing socialist
ethnic minority solidarity in the process of advancing to socialism. This
solidarity must be reflected through policies of the party and state, through
practical actions, through our everyday attitude. Of utmost importance is
the need to fully adhere to the class viewpoint and the mass viewpoint,
properly carry out each policy and program of the party and state in the
ethnic minority areas, care for the lives of all ethnic minorities, overcome
the thinking of large tribe superiority and narrow tribalism and tendencies
toward factionalism and, in particular, be vigilant against the plots of the
imperialists and the reactionaries to sabotage ethnic minority solidarity.
To strengthen ethnic minority solidarity, it is necessary to fully implement
equality among ethnic minorities by abolishing the differences which exist
among the various areas and ethnic minorities and upholding the right of
collective ownership of the working people of the various ethnic minorities.
Successfully building the new system and the new economy and successfully
training the new man are also practical ways to create the material and
spiritual base for thoroughly achieving equality in every respect among

the ethnic minorities. Equality is designed to enable the full exercise

of ownership and the full exercise of ownership is designed to achieve
equality in every respect.

Our country's revolution has entered a new stage. The ethnic minority
areas share the special characteristic of the entire country, namely, the
characteristic of advancing from an economy marked primarily by small-scale
production to large-scale production without experiencing the stage of
capitalist development. At present, the structure of the economy in the
mountains and the ethnic minority areas is unbalanced in many respects.

The new production relations must be more actively consolidated, The
material-technical base is still very small and has not fully developed
the positive role which could be played by existing assets, The cultural
level of cadres and the people has not kept pace with the new requirements.

28



difficulty is developing and making full use of domestic and local sources
of raw materials in industry, forestry and fishing, including discarded
materials, However, if necessary, we should also try to import some

raw materials and secure contracts with foreign countries under which we
do the work and they provide the raw materials.

3. The output value target for 1980 is more than 5 billion dong; the
number of workers to be added to the industry in the 5-year plan is 1.1
to 1.5 million.

4, The key measure in victoriously carrying out the tasks and meeting

the targets mentioned above is successfully launching, on the basis of
thoroughly understanding the resolution of this party congress, an intense
and continuous revolutionary movement of the masses to heighten the sense

of collective ownership and the spirit of self-reliance, become deeply
involved in the three revolutions, accelerate production and meet and surpass
the quotas of the 5-year plan.

The establishment of party basic organizations and mass organizations within
the artisan and handicraft cooperatives is also a matter of particular
importance.

District Level To Be Restructured
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 12 Jan 77 p ¥

[Speech delivered by Le Thanh at the 4th Congress of the Party: "Making
the District the Base for Carrying Out the Three Revolutions" /

[Text J In the political report delivered at this congress, particular
emphasis was placed upon district development. The district will be the
base for carrying out the three revolutions in the countryside, for
building the new system, the new economy and the new culture, for training
the new man. The district will be the base coordinating agriculture with
industry, production with circulation, the national economy with the
collective economy, the manual worker with the farmer, the state with

the people. This is a new form of management organization, one based on
the realities of our country, one designed to upgrade agriculture to large-
scale socialist production.

We have begun taking this direction in a number of key districts and are
accelerating our efforts to expand to the other districts. Most evident

at these places is the fact that the district has become the base for

drawing up production plans, become the unit which specifically reflects

the division of production areas by the central: and provincial echelons.
Within the district with its large amount of land and rather large labor force,
we have favorable conditions for organizing production along the lines of
specialized farming, for establishing a balanced and integrated production
structure and for deploying and utilizing the labor force and building

the material-technical base on a large scale. Here, the district is the

64



In other words, the district will be the agricultural-industrial economic
base, the suitable unit for reorganizing agriculture at the level of
cooperation with a division of labor evolving toward large-scale socialist
production, the form of transition to a higher stage when agriculture

has been mechanized and modernized,

The development of the district under the requirements mentioned above
demands: on the one hand, we must streamline the apparatus of the district,
plan production within the district, build stations, farms and the systems
of material-technical bases throughout the district, redistribute and
organize the use of the labor force within the district and resolve the
problems involved in the organization of management and management
regulations for the district. On the other hand, we must, on the basis

of the above, simultaneously carry out the reorganization of production

and management for the cooperatives, state farms and forestry sites. We
must insure that the basic production units establish a division of labor
and cooperation in production and work on the scale of the entire unit,
thereby abandoning the decentralized method of operation of working as
individual production units; we must build a new system of management
organizations for the cooperative consisting of the management committee,
the specialized subcommittees and the production units and specialized
labor units; we must establish centralized, unified and effective management
within the management committee, management based on a unified plan,
procedures, regulations and quotas, management within which each person

and unit works at an assigned task and has the responsibility of cooperating,
management which implements the right of collective ownership of the masses
through the cooperative member congress. The state farms and forestry
sites must also use the campaign to reorganize production and Management to
make their units true agricultural-forestry-industrial enterprises. Only
in this way is it possible to create new relations, relations which insure
that the district and the production-business units within it form a

single production and management structure within the district.

In the southern provinces, the process of developing the district must

be closely linked to the process of reforming the private and capitalist
business relations. Only with collective and national ownership of the
instruments of production is it possible to lay the foundation for
reorganizing production and management in order to upgrade the district

to the level of cooperation with a division of labor evolving toward
large-scale socialist production. In the immediate future, we must
strengthen the district level and give attention to township reorganization
in order to organize forms of work rotation and cooperation in production
on a simple level. Through this we must direct and guide private farmers
in accelerating the performance of immediate tasks. However, to make
agriculture a system of a socialist nature and make the district the
agricultural-industrial base, we must soon make all the necessary preparations
for carrying out agricultural collectivization, expanding the construction
of state farms in agriculture and reforming the private capitalist economy
within agriculture. In view. of the experience we have gained and present
conditions, we can immediately establish cooperatives of an efficient,

66



stable size and immediately upgrade them to high level cooperatives, to
the level of cooperation with a division of labor without having to start
over from the beginning as was done in the North. These are very favorable
circumstances for insuring that the collectivization movement and district
development in the southern provinces rapidly reach the level of the
collectivization movement and district development in the North.

In order for the district to perform the jobs mentioned above, it is
necessary to do a good job of building the management sector, implementing
planning and management by sector coordinated with planning and management
by territory and closely linking the development of production units and
the district with the development of the management sector in a unified
system of social production based on large-scale socialist production
throughout the country. We must soon strengthen the material-technical
base and build systems of businesses supporting agriculture, build systems
of businesses specializing in a number of necessary crops and species of
livestock; we must reorganize the scientific-technical research and testing
system and the cadre training system; we must improve the system of policies
which provide incentive for production; we must strengthen the socialist
system of law; in conjunction with streamlining the apparatus of the
agricultural management sector, we must provide it with the authority needed
to effectively exercise centralized, unified management throughout the
system of agricultural management organizations from the central to the
district echelons and in the entire production process, from production

to processing.

In summary, we must carry out the reorganization of production and
management within the district and use the district as the base for
reorganizing production and management at production installations and
building the management sector throughout the country.

The requirements which agriculture must endeavor to meet in the second
5-year plan are very large, The targets which must be met are also rather
high. But the capabilities for meeting these targets are many. However,
in order to transform these capabilities into reality for the purpose of
meeting and exceeding the targets of 21 million tons of grain, 1 million
hectares of reclaimed land, 1.2 million hectares of newly planted forests
and 16.5 million hogs, agriculture itself must make a very great effort
in addition to the effective support provided by industry and the support
provided by all the sectors.

If we immediately mobilize a large force of cadres throughout the country
to reinforce the districts and installations, if we rapidly complete the
planning of production in conjunction with completing the planning of
water conservancy, communications and rural construction for the 464
districts and if we use the district as the base for balancing labor by
transferring labor from districts with a surplus of labor to districts
with a shortage of labor on the scope of each province and throughout the
country, we can, in the next few years, complete the strategic deployment

67


To help clarify the results of the resolution of the nationalities question
in the past and the party's viewpoint concerning the nationalities question
in the new stage of the revolution, I would like to convey some of my
thoughts to the congress.

Our nation of Vietnam recently experienced an extremely arduous but very
glorious stage of the revolution. The ethnic minorities as well as the
ethnic majority, with the pride and honor of living in the Ho Chi Minh
generation and fighting under the glorious banner of the party, built
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam of today.

Over the past 16 years, in keeping with the resolution of the 3rd National
Party Congress and the resolutions of the Party Central Committee, the
ethnic minorities have made glorious contributions to the common
revolutionary undertaking and made advances never before seen in the
history of the development of our nation.

Under the leadership of the party, the people of the ethnic minorities

in northern Vietnam eagerly joined the revolutionary armed forces; hundreds
of thousands of youths from practically all nationalities joined the main
force army to fight on all battlefields. The local army, the militia and
self-defense forces and the armed public security forces developed everywhere,
thwarted each plot of sabotage of. the enemy, captured or killed groups

of spies and commandoes inserted by the enemy in the ethnic areas,

maintained order and security, and maintained border security.

The people of the ethnic minorities in southern Vietnam, who personallL.
struggled against the extremely cruel war waged by the Americans and the
puppets, fought, made sacrifices and made worthy contributions to protecting
the base of the war of resistance, defending socialist northern Vietnan,
thwarting each plot of the enemy and advancing the war of resistance to
total victory.

Never before in the history of our nation's resistance against foreign
aggression has the mass movement developed so widely and uniformly among
all nationalities as it did during the recent war of resistance against
the United States for national salvation.

Socialist reform and socialist construction in northern Vietnam were carried
out at the same time as the fight against the U.S. aggressors. Our party
and state adopted many programs and policies for the mountains and the
ethnic minority areas as a result of which major, profound changes occurred
in the political, economic and cultural lives of compatriots. Oppression
and exploitation under every form were abolished, The majority of the
working peasants of the various ethnic minorities became collective
farmers. The number of manual workers from the ethnic minorities has
constantly grom. The stratum of socialist intellectuals who belong to

the ethnic minorities was formed and is playing a positive role in the
ethnic minority areas and throughout the entire country.

25



The Political Report of the Party Central Committee set forth the general
line of the socialist revolution and the line for building the socialist
economy.

«+.The political report set forth the first prerequisites to achieving
the victory of the socialist revolution as establishing and strengthening
the dictatorship of the proletariat, establishing and constantly upholding
the right of collective ownership of the working people and simultaneously
carrying out the three revolutions: the production relations revolution,
the scientific and technological revolution and the ideological and

cultural revolution, the key one being the scientific and technological
revolution,

The political report shed light on the key issues facing our society in
order to resolve the problem of advancing rapidly, strongly and steadily
to socialism,

We cannot talk about the dictatorship of the proletariat without talking
about establishing the system of collective ownership and upholding the
right of collective ownership of the working people; only by establishing
the right of collective ownership exercised by the working people through
the state and under the leadership of the party is it possible for the
working people to truly be owners in the full meaning of the word. The
realities of the life of Hanoi prove that it is necessary to heighten
the consciousness and the sense of collective ownership of the worker

in order to build socialism, It is necessary to give every worker a
clear understanding of his obligation and rights and, at the same time,
correctly resolve a number of problems concerning the organization and
management of the economy and the management of society with attention

to successfully resolving the problem of distribution in accordance with
labor and gradually improving social welfare. We must struggle against
the ideological remnants of the old society, against the practice of

the private way of earning a living, which still exist on a small scope
in our society, of only pursuing selfish personal interests.

The political report also set forth the line for the construction of the
socialist economy as; "Gradually carrying out socialist industrialization,
building the material-technical base of socialism, advancing the economy
of our country from small-scale production to large-scale socialist
production, giving priority to the rational development of heavy industry
on the basis of agricultural and light industrial development, simultaneously
carrying out\sentral economic construction and local economic development,
and coordinating the central economy and the local economy in a unified
national economic structure.” Industry and agriculture must be developed
into a modern industrial-agricultural structure. This structure must

be reflected on-a nationwide scale as well as within each ‘province,
municipality, district... It is very necessary that Hanoi, an industrial
city, immediately form and develop an industrial structure and, at the
same time, rapidly form in its outskirts a food production belt in order to



PARTY ACTIVITIES AND GOVERNMENT

PARTY AND STATE LEADERS EXPRESS VIEWS ON PARTY LINE, DISCUSS FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

Hanoi Leader Cites Need for Industry, Housing

Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 17 Dec 76 p 5

Ll Excerpts from speech delivered by Nguyen Lam, member of the Party
Central Committee, secretary of the Hanoi Municipal Party Committee and
head of the Hanoi Municipal Party Organization delegation, at the 4th
Congress of the Party J

[textJ We are fully confident in and agree with the political report
of our Party Central Committee presented by Le Duan, the ist Secretary

of the Party Central Committee. The political report fully reviewed

the entire revolutionary struggle in our country, deeply and widely
reviewed many aspects of the situation in the country and set forth,

in a very correct manner, the line for socialist construction on a nation-
wide scale.

++-In the discussions of the Draft Statutes (revised) of the party, the
members of the Hanoi party organization expressed, generally speaking,

a very clear attitude of endorsing the principles of party development
and suggested that mention be made at the congress of the party of the
need to maintain and further clarify the matters of ideological and
organizational importance which serve as the basis for each activity
involved in party development for the purpose of developing the party
in keeping with the principles of the new style party of Lenin, thereby
making the organization of the party purer and tighter, an organization
comprised of outstanding party members from the working class, the class
of collective farmers and the stratum of socialist intellectuals with
attention to bringing into the party industrial workers who are conscious
of the goals and ideals of the party. This is one of the most effective
conditions for achieving the targets of our activity program.

In the conferences of the various party organization echelons, everyone
agreed: the lines and policies of the party are correct but we must take
more effective action in implementing these lines and policies,



and increasing the production of soybeans, corn and the other industrial
crops, such as hemp and “lat,” by 30,000 to 40,000 hectares, Per capita
grain consumption can be increased to roughly 1,300 kilograms per year.
Livestock production can be tripled, Artisan and handicraft production
can also be developed, Together with practicing the intensive cultivation
of fruit crops, we will have a large quantity of rice and export goods to
send outside the province, Naturally, agricultural development must
proceed hand in hand with industrial development in order to gradually form
the local industrial-agricultural structure and it must be closely linked
to socialist reform in all fields, especially closely linked to the reform
of agriculture. Only in this way can we have the conditions for gradually
improving the standard of living of the people within our province,
especially in terms of their food, housing, education and the prevention
and treatment of diseases and fulfill our task to the entire country.

We still have many difficulties to overcome, some of which are very large,
especially the inability to provide good economic and social management
on a large scope, the widespread nature of the private economy, fields
which have not been improved or constructed, the uneven development of
water conservancy work, the very serious stagnation in the supply of
materials for production, etc,

However, we also have rather large advantages in our favor, such as much
fertile land and favorable weather; more than one-half of the province's
land receives fresh water from the Hau River and fields can be irrigated
very easily; the My Thanh dike impedes the flow of salt water to nearly
60,000 hectares of fields, consequently, no very large water conservancy
projects need be built in the next 4 years; we have good varieties which
we are redistributing to suit each area; we have more than 3,500 mechanical
plows and harrows and tens of thousands of internal combustion engines
that can be used in transportation, rice threshing and the pumping of water;
we have approximately 800,000 diligent workers who have begun gaining
experience in intensive cultivation and the growing of more crops per year;
and we have the skilled workers needed to begin the first phase of
construction of the network of small machine repair centers in the
districts.

Therefore, by means of small water conservancy projects and a number of
medium size projects, we can, in the next 3 to 4 years, increase the amount
of area on which an additional crop is being raised each year to two-thirds
of the province's farmland. On this basis, the total amount of area under
the cultivation of rice will increase to more than 600,000 hectares. By
reorganizing the persons who have tractors and making every effort to
manufacture spare parts, we will try to maintain existing tractor capacity
during the next few years and, in the following years, introduce
mechanization within agriculture, thereby laying new foundations for the
next 5-year plan.

To meet the targets mentioned above and move socialist reform and socialist
construction constantly forward, we must make great efforts to rapidly

14



The largest job facing Hanoi is remodeling the old housing areas, building
new housing areas, improving and widening the very narrow roads, and
expanding public welfare projects and the supply of water for production
and everyday life; the drainage of water, sanitation, and so forth are
also very urgent problems. These-matters must be immediately dealt with
in the second 5-year plan, the 1976-1980 five year plan.

Over the past several years, ever since the end of the war, the city has
made a very large effort to build much housing but it has not met housing
needs very well and has not replaced the housing destroyed in the war or
housing that had to be abandoned because it was very old. The housing
problem is the most pressing social problem in Hanoi, The needs of the
people for schools, child care centers, kindergartens and hospitals are
also very large. The city is making the greatest possible effort to
rapidly build housing, schools and child care centers. The locality

is making a maximum effort and must organize existing capabilities better;
however, it needs greater assistance from the central level very much.

.«-The Political Report of the Party Central Committee stated: "It is
necessary to make the capital Hanoi grander and more beautiful." When
the cadres, party members and people of the capital Hanoi hear this
decision from the 4th National Congress for themselves, they will surely
be very excited. This is a source of pride and a hope of the people of
the entire country. Each citizen of Hanoi is excited and determined to
build the socialist capital with all his enthusiasm and creativity, to
work tirelessly, considering this his primary glorious task; however, we
also think that this is the common job of the people of the entire
country.

In the war, the capital Hanoi was a strong fortress resisting the United
States for national salvation; today, as we rebuild the country in peace,
we are determined to implement the words spoken by Uncle Ho to the people
of the city in 1959; "The capital Hanoi must do whatever is necessary to
become a socialist capital. To accomplish this, each and every enterprise,
army unit, school, street, agency and rural area in the outskirts of the
city must become a fortress of socialism,” :

At present, the people of Hanoi are living in an atmosphere of excitement
and struggle in creative production and construction. Under the socialist
system, each citizen is protected by the law, enjoys each broad democratic
freedom and has the ability to develop his personal talents in society
through creative labor. However, a number of persons understand this
peaceful atmosphere, this ability to develop their personal talents and
the broad democratic freedoms of each person in a totally different way
as a result of which their discipline is loose, they do not obey the rules
of social life, they want to receive much while doing little, they are
lazy on the job, and they pursue personal interests and earn their livings
in a deceitful manner. They engage in activities which are contrary to
the principles of socialist life. These style viewpoints and actions are



Today, the task of carrying out industrialization and building the material-
technical base of socialism is the central task of the entire period of
transition. We suggest to the congress and the Party Central Committee
that the party's leadership of the revolutionary movement of the masses

be strengthened in order to successfully complete the historic task set
forth by the party congress and meet and surpass the quotas of the second
5-year state plan.

In the new situation, the Youth Group and the youth movement must launch

an intense revolutionary movement, develop the revolutionary heroism and
the spirit of socialist collective ownership of youths in the task of
ereative labor, and encourage youths to make every effort to contribute

as much as possible and study and train as best possible for the sake of
the development and defense of a prosperous and strong socialist fatherland.

It is necessary to launch an intense revolutionary movement and mobilize
youths to go anywhere and do anything required by the fatherland in

keeping with their assault role in difficult, arduous and new tasks in
socialist construction. The Youth Group will mobilize hundreds of
thousands of youths into assault youth units and volunteer labor units to
build the initial base of the new economic areas, construct roads and

water conservancy projects, build fields, housing, schools and public health
stations, and accelerate the planting of tens of thousands of hectares of
barren hills. The Youth Group will mobilize the mass of youths to join
capital construction units and support a number of key projects in the
second 5-year plan called "assault youth projects of the second 5-year plan."
These are projects at which youths will work in a high spirit of collective
ownership, in an organized, disciplined, technical and highly productive
manner, projects at which youths will perform high quality work and practice
economy.

In the new atmosphere which exists on the various production fronts, youths
must be the force taking the lead in the productive labor movement, the
movement to volunteer to “excceed plan quotas," the movement to expand

the use of the various forms of skill training and tests of skilled workers,
accept youth projects, make innovations and technological improvements,

and so forth; the Youth Group will continue to accelerate the “communist
work" movement, thereby contributing millions of mandays for the construction
of projects providing practical support of production and everyday life.

Youths are a very eager force in the scientific and technological revolution.
This is a front on which youths are a large and very creative force. We
must accelerate the youth scientific and technological creativity movement
under a wide variety of forms in every field. It is suggested that the
agencies of the state and the scientific-technical agencies conduct

research and help the youth scientific and technical committees of the

Youth Group at production installations and schools, help youths apply

and perfect their innovations, inventions and technical improvements,

provide budgets and raw materials so that youths can conduct experiments,
and support the activities of the youth technical clubs and the annual

20



JPRS 68677

24 February 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON VIETNAM

No, 1892

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VIETNAM WorKERS Party CONGRESS

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their right of socialist collective ownership. Advancing to socialism

and communism is the ideal of our party, the aspiration of the masses of
the various nationalities. Once no ethnic minority is backward any longer,
the victory of socialism will have been achieved in its full significance.

The goal of achieving complete equality in every respect among the various
nationalities and abolishing the economic and cultural differences between
the mountains and the lowlands, between the highland areas and low areas
raises the matter of the need to develop the mountain region at a rapid
rate.

Our party advocates creating the conditions for the ethnic minorities in
the mountains to make rapid progress. Our party has the right to lead

the revolution, it controls the tool of the dictatorship of the proletariat,
the masses have confidence in and follow the leadership of the party, the
mountain region has rich capabilities and potentials, the entire country

is at peace, our 50 million compatriots are making every effort to advance
to socialism and the lowlands and mountains supplement each other. These
large potentials are ready to be developed; with good organization and
supervision, helping the mountain region make rapid progress is a very

real possibility.

There are places which have carried out the settlement of nomads policy
well, there are state forestry sites, state farms and agricultural-
forestry cooperatives which operate well and there are many areas in which
the educational, cultural and public health movement is as good as it is in
the lowlands.

Facts have shown that each locality, each installation and each area in
the mountains can move forward at a rapid rate; however, doing so requires
that two prerequisites be met: the upper echelon must create the necessary
conditions and provide help in many areas, namely, ideology, organization,
cadres, means, materials and so forth and the locality must take the
initiative in formulating a plan, mobilizing the masses and organizing the
implementation of this plan under local circumstances.

On this basis, we see that if we help each district and each area undergo
a strong change and, as a result, have many districts and areas that make
rapid progress, the mountain region can, within a certain amount of time,
achieve the general level of development. We think that by assembling the
necessary forces, providing unified guidance, resolving problems in a
coordinated manner, completing all jobs that are started, and so forth

in order to select districts and areas to develop into banners of progress
in all mountain zones and accelerate the growth of model units, we can
successfully carry out the projects and plan that have been established,

The political report stated; “The key issue in implementing the nationalities

policy of the party is accelerating the three revolutions...” To transform
matters pertaining to the very correct major lines, programs and policies
of our party into reality, we think that we must begin by establishing

43



In response to the appeal issued by the party organization, more than
one-half million people of the city have gone to build new economic areas.
Work consciousness has been heightened: hundreds of thousands of persons
of all strata have excitedly participated in work at the water conservancy
projects. Despite many difficulties, the initial results that have been
recorded show good prospects. The city is planning the redevelopment of
its various zones to help improve the material and spiritual lives of the
people. In slightly more than 1 year, education, cultural activities,
public health services and physical education have developed.rapidly and
rather clearly reflect the nature of the new system. The effort to wipe
out illiteracy and the supplementary education of youths and adults have
developed well. Child care centers and kindergartens are being organized
in all wards and in a number of townships. The municipal educational
system from the general schools to the colleges have been reorganized

and have begun to change. Today, nearly 1 million children of working
people are attending tuition-free schools.

The city has attacked the decadent culture, the product of the old system;
and, it has begun to introduce the people and the various strata of youths
to a wholesome style of life. Together with many rather rich forms of
cultural activities, the mass literary and art movement has begun to
become an intense movement among the working people and youths .

Basic public health organizations have been constructed in all wards and
townships and the quality of their service has gradually been improved.
Many diseases have been brought under control and the streets are much
cleaner than they used to be. The physical education movement is
developing more with each passing day.

Prostitutes and narcotic addicts ‘are receiving medical treatment, being
educated and taught a trade in order to return them to a wholesome life
and train them to be workers in the new system.

Order and security have been maintained, Tens of thousands of youths,
the children of working people, have enthusiastically gone to fulfill
their military obligation to perfect the fatherland and the fruits of
the revolution.

Political activities are being widely developed among all strata of the
people. Through these political activities, the people have expressed
their patriotism and their confidence in the revolution; the fact that

97 percent of the people of the city voted in the election of the National
Assembly of the entire country in late April 1976 and gave the majority

of their votes to delegates of the revolution is specific proof of this.
This was also an expression of the unshakeable will of the people of the
city as well as the people of southern Vietnam concerning the reunification
of the fatherland and socialism.

Twenty months has been too short a time for the municipal party organization
to undertake a larger plan. Much work has been done and a number of



For more than.20 years, the Political Bureau and the Party Central Committee
led, in a clearsighted manner, our entire party and all our people in
overcoming countless challenges and simultaneously carrying out two
strategic tasks: completing the national democratic revolution throughout
the country and building socialism in one-half the country, thereby bringing
our fatherland into a new period of history, the period of building
socialism throughout the country in order to build communism, build a
Vietnamese society that is free, well fed, well clothed and happy which is
the dream of each communist and the entire nation.

++.0n liberation day, Ho Chi Minh City, together with the rest of the
country, entered the new stage; the stage of socialist construction.

...Immediately after liberation day, the municipal party organization had
the pressing task of rapidly stabilizing the situation in every respect,
maintaining order and security and restoring the lives of the people to
normal, With confidence in the people, by relying upon the people,
especially the working class and working people, under the close leadership
and with the thoughtful concern of the Party Central Committee and with

the valuable assistance of friendly localities, the municipal party
organization boldly turned its hands to this work.

Over the past 20 months, revolutionary governments on the various echelons
and mass organizations have been established. The revolutionary

government relied upon the support of the people to continue mopping up

the enemy and carrying out the reform of puppet army and government
personnel, The city accelerated its attack to overthrow the compradore
bourgeoisie and, on the basis of the general line of the party, is beginning
the socialist reform of private capitalist industry and commerce.

Economic activities have gradually been restored, reorganized and developed.
Hundreds of industrial and handicraft installations have resumed operations.
Workers have begun to exercise ownership of enterprises and are making every
effort to overcome their difficulties in order to replace imported spare
parts and raw materials with domestically produced spare parts and raw
materials. Agriculture is on a momentum of development. Tens of thousands
of hectares are being cleared and opened. At the start of 1976, a

movement to construct water conservancy projects was accelerated with

the participation ofthe mss of people within the city. More than 10,000
assault youths have eagerly gone to build water conservancy projects,
thereby making a positive contribution to the creation of a green belt
around the city. On this momentum, many livestock production installations
have also been restored.

A state-operated commerce network and consumer cooperatives have begun to

be established and have gradually been expanded with the active participation
of the masses, especially the women's mass organization, in order to

insure the rapid and systematic distribution of grain, food and other
essentials directly to the people.


the U.S. imperialists, for 30 years, the underdeveloped economy of our
country was seriously damaged and our people still encounter many
difficulties in their everyday lives. As a result, improving the material
and cultural lives of the people is a pressing requirement. At the same
time, we must accumulate capital in order to import the machinery, equipment
and materials needed for the construction of the material and technical
base of socialism,

Only by concentrating our efforts on rapidly and strongly developing
agriculture in every respect, rapidly and strongly developing forestry
and the fishing trade can we virtually meet the needs of the people for
grain and food products and, at the same time, provide raw materials for
the development of light industry and the food products industry, thereby
meeting the needs of the people for consumer goods and increasing the
sources of exports. The development of agriculture, forestry, the marine
products sector, light industry and the food products industry will absorb
a large portion of the social labor force, thereby producing more material
wealth and raising national income and, as a result, make it possible to
gradually improve the material and cultural lives of the people, increase
the accumulation of capital and lay the base for carrying out socialist
industrialization; this will provide increased conditions for firmly
consolidating the alliance of workers and farmers which is the foundation
of the dictatorship of the proletariat state,

As pointed out by Le Duan, the basic task of light industry is producing
consumer goods to support the material and cultural lives of the people
well, maintaining and increasing the real income of the worker, creating
the conditions for the state to expand the use of labor and accelerate
the redistribution of social labor, and creating important sources of
exports.

At present, the consumer goods industry of the entire country consists
of central industry, local industry and the handicraft industry, has a
relatively good production force of millions of clever, skilled workers
and a corps of scientific and technical cadres and Management cadres who
are relatively highly experienced, and has a number of pieces of
comparatively modern equipment capable of producing products which meet
international standards. The immediate guideline of light industry is to
fully utilize the equipment capacity of existing installations, improve
equipment which has become outmoded or is still manually operated,
efficiently organize production lines and make investments in depth while
building a number of new, important installations in order to rapidly
increase production capacity, raise labor productivity, improve product
quality, and produce many products to meet the needs of the people for
clothing, study aids, health care products, means of travel, children's
toys, household utensils and products for cultural activities and
athletic activities; at the same time, we will expand the production of
products under contracts and export activities. In the newly Liberated
provinces and municipalities of the South, we are urgently carrying out
the socialist reform of private commerce and industry and the handicraft

56



policy and law of the state, a person who does not conveniently violate
principles and policies, disrupt the relationship among workers and act

in a manner contrary to the common good. More than anyone else, the
installation manager must skillfully mobilize the masses to always concern
themselves with making technological improvements, improving the organization
of production and the organization of labor and applying advanced labor and
material standards and ceilings; he must make good use of the levers of
wages and bonuses; he must routinely concern himself with maintaining labor
safety and improving working conditions, thereby creating favorable
conditions for each worker to achieve high productivity; and he must concern
himself with production as well as with the standard of living of the worker.

Our party is the party of the working class and workers are the primary

base among the masses for developing the party, therefore, the party must
give its attention to building its class ideologically and organizationally,
culturally and technically. A strong working class means an increasingly
strong party. Therefore, in the years to come, our party, our state and
the Trade Union must, with the addition of millions of persons to the ranks
of workers, focus particular attention upon selecting and fully educating
and training workers. Together with heightening their political and
socialist consciousness and struggling against mistaken viewpoints,
especially with regard to work and everyday life, it is necessary to make
appropriate investments of liquid capital, equipment and technical forces
in the construction of the best possible vocational schools. In these
schools, we can train manual workers who are politically, academically

and technically qualified, who possess the sense of organization and discipline,
who possess a strong will to fight; we can train a corps of modern
industrial workers who possess the habits of large-scale industrial
production.

To prepare for the selection of workers, we must provide good occupational
counselling for youths and teenagers at the general schools. At the same
time, we must organize good academic and technical supplementary education
to improve the skills of workers and open night college classes at
enterprises so that our people clearly see that being a worker is the
surest way to make progress. It has come time to select students for
colleges primarily among youths who have worked in production together
with truly outstanding general school students. This will give us a

corps of intellectuals who practice what they preach, a corps of true
socialist intellectuals. On the other hand, we will revise the wage and
bonus system and the different subsidy systems and support the everyday
lives of workers better to insure that workers enjoy a good material and
cultural life, are able to raise a suitable number of children and have
the ability to work with high productivity. At the same time, we must
wipe out the illiteracy and serious diseases of southern compatriots in order
to increase the ability of all of our people to work.

It is also necessary to accelerate the research, completion and promulgation

of the code of labor laws and other labor laws, policies and regulations
suited to the stage of socialist construction. These laws, regulations and

39



achievements made in production and combat, the rapid progress made in the
material and cultural lives of the ethnic minorities and the increasingly
strong unity among the ethnic minorities in our country over the past

several years are the brilliant results of the party's nationalities policy,”

These results have been due to the fact that our party correctly applied
the Marxist-Leninist principles on resolving the nationalities question
to the specific conditions of our country. When setting forth specific
policies concerning the ethnic minorities, our party has relied upon the
general political line in coordination with the living conditions,
psychology and sentiments of the ethnic minorities.

The cadres, party members and people of the ethnic minorities will always
remember the tremendous service performed by the revered Uncle Ho, the
graat leader of our party and our nation. He deeply understood the
suffering of the ethnic minorities, led and guided them before political
power was seized, and, before he passed on, instructed our party to
thoroughly care for the lives of the ethnic minorities.

This glorious victory belongs to the party, to the great President Ho Chi
Minh,

The brilliant results of the nationalities policy of our party in the
recent past have also been the results of the efforts made by all sectors,
party and governmental echelons, and mass organizations, the results of
the revolutionary spirit of the cadres, party members and people of the
fraternal ethnic minorities throughout the country and their determination
to implement the lines and policies of the party.

Through the realities of the revolutionary struggle, the ethnic minorities
have clearly realized: only by wholeheartedly supporting the party and
uniting in the fight to implement the lines and tasks set forth by the
party and build a Vietnam of independence, unity and socialism is it
possible for them and their descendants to enjoy civilized lives of
comfort and happiness.

The political report very profoundly observed: "Correctly resolving the
nationalities question is one of the tasks of a strategic nature of the

Vietnamese revolution." The history of our country's revolution and the
socialist revolution throughout the country proves this.

With a correct view of the nationalities question, the political report
also stated: "The task of our party and state at this time is that of
making every effort to strengthen the unshakeable solidarity of the ethnic
minorities throughout the country and develop the revolutionary spirit and
creative abilities of the ethnic minorities in the development of the
socialist Vietnamese fatherland." The task of making every effort to
strengthen the solidarity of the ethnic minorities in the new stage is
based on the requirements of the socialist revolution and on the realities
of the nationalities question in our country.

2T



projects, plans, a division of labor and a division of echelons, by delving
into the realities of life in the mountains and adopting clear policies
and regulations. Of very decisive significance in advancing the mountain

region by any amount is the organization of implementation by our various
echelons and sectors.

The 4th National Congress of the Party has restated in a clear and
comprehensive manner the matter of socialist collective ownership. "Socialist
collective ownership consists of many things: exercising ownership in
politics, economics, the culture and society; being themasterof society,

the masterof nature, the master of oneself; exercising ownership on a
nationwide scale and within each locality and installation by closely
coordinating the right of collective ownership with the right of genuine
freedom of each individual.” Under the leadership of our party, our people
with this true and full right of ownership, are very enthusiastic, are
developing their intelligence and talents, learning science and technology,
and developing and utilizing the potentials of the country to achieve victory
in the building of socialist Vietnam.

However, implementing such a system of collective ownership in the
mountain region is not an easy matter, rather, this system must be
"established gradually." In the immediate future, we think that attention
must be given to the following several matters:

Politically, we must adopt regulations on, provide specific guidance and
inspect the implementation of the right of the ethnic minorities to
participate in government. Having representatives of the ethnic minorities
participate in a reasonable manner in the people's councils, the people's
committees and the other governmental agencies on the various echelons
from the basic to the central echelons is a source of great motivation to
the compatriots of the ethnic minorities, it makes them confident and
enthusiastic, and encourages them to think freely, build the new life

and protect the government, Participation in government by ethnic
minority representatives is the clearest expression of upholding the right
of collective ownership, of ethnic minority unity and equality. Our
governmental organizations are agencies which represent the people in the
management of society and organizations within which people learn and
work, Therefore, ethnic minority representatives who participate in the
government are able to gain a clearer understanding of rights and
obligations, reflect local conditions more clearly and, as a result, help
make programs and plans more accurate and serve as the moving force in the
implementation of the lines and policies of the party and the laws of the
state by the masses,

We must accelerate propaganda and educational activities in conjunction
with correctly implementing each program and policy of our party and

state in the ethnic minority areas and the border areas. United, confident
masses and a consolidated government are the strong base for maintaining
social order and local security and thwarting each plot and action of
reactionaries,

dy



In addition to the industrial installations of the central level, the
ethnic minority areas constructed many local industrial installations;
many efforts have been made in agricultural and forestry production and
the development of the strongpoints of the mountain region has begun.
Communications and socialist commerce have been constantly expanded.

The participation by hundreds of thousands of persons from the lowlands
in the economic and cultural development of the mountains is an event
of major significance. Good model units have appeared in the settlement
of nomads campaign. A number of areas are practicing specialized farming
and have begun to produce products and commodities. A number of new
economic areas, new cities and new towns have appeared. Although the
entire country was at war, the standard of living of the persons who
came from the lowlands to the highlands was stable and was, in some
respects, better than in 1960,

Extraordinary progress was made in cultural and educational activities in
the ethnic minority areas, The system of general schools and supplementary
education schools of many suitable forms has developed everywhere. There
are a number of colleges specifically for children of the ethnic minorities.
The written and spoken national language is becoming more widely used among
the masses in conjunction with respecting and using the written and

spoken languages of the ethnic minorities.

The cultural and art treasures of the ethnic minorities have gradually been
found, collected and introduced here and abroad. The public health network
has developed rather widely; the practice under the old system of giving
birth without assistance has been virtually eliminated; the ethnic
minorities comprised 16.1 percent of the general population in 1974
compared to 14.6 percent in 1960,

Since liberation day, the ethnic minorities in the South have been
implementing the resolution passed by the 24th Party Plenum in a new
spirit in all ethnic minority areas from the highlands to the lowlands,
Revolutionary governments have been established on the various echelons
and rapidly consolidated as a result of which order and security have
been maintained and the masses have exposed more and more reactionaries.
Movements to engage in productive labor, reclaim and open land, build new
economic areas, establish a settled way of life, abolish illiteracy, and
so forth have been launched in all areas for the purpose of improving
the material and spiritual lives of the people and overcoming the after-
effects left behind by the U.S.-puppet system. Much progress has been
made in ethnic minority relations compared to the period of time preceding
liberation.

Only by looking back on the sad, dark past is it possible to fully see the
stage of development the ethnic minorities have achieved in the recent past
under the leadership of the party, As the political report stated: "...During
the years of the resistance against the United States for national salvation
and socialist construction, the compatriots of the ethnic minorities made
glorious contributions to the common revolutionary undertaking. The great

26



The section of the political report on the organization of the forces of
the revolution within society talked about the working class, the class
of collective farmers, socialist intellectuals...

We propose:

If it is felt that more time is needed to reform handicraftsmen and artisans
and consolidate and improve their production relations and that it is too
early to incorporate them in the working class, our artisans and
handicraftsmen can be organized into a stratum called the stratum of
collective artisans and handicraftsmen.

In our opinion, it would be appropriate to place this large force of 3
million persons (by 1980), approximately 10 million persons if their
families are included, in a separate stratum, Naturally, this would only
be a stage of transition in order to later incorporate them within the
working class.

Applying the line of this congress, we propose that the tasks, guidelines
and principle objectives of the artisan and handicraft industry within
the 5-year (1976-1980) plan be:

1. Planning and reorganizing production and accelerating the three
revolutions, especially the scientific-technological revolution, within
this production sector in order to move it toward large-scale socialist
production.

In the South, we must accelerate our efforts in order to virtually complete
the socialist reform of the artisan and handicraft industry; this reform
must be carried out in conjunction with reorganizing production by sectors
and must achieve the goals of strongly developing production, maintaining
the variety and quality of products and raising labor productivity.

In both the North and the South, together with developing the professional
cooperatives, attention must be given to strongly developing the artisan

and handicraft trades within agriculture and on the district level. Attention
must be focused upon developing the artisan and handicraft production

forces in the new economic areas to utilize local raw materials and provide
local support.

2. Accelerating, along with state-operated industry, the production of
consumer goods to provide a full supply of essential and ordinary consumer
goods for the people, provide a full supply of high quality common and
improved tools for agriculture and the other economic sectors, rapidly
increase the output of export goods, produce very many building materials,
develop the capital construction and transportation forces of the people
and widely develop the trade network.

The raw materials problem is the most difficult problem in artisan and
handicraft production. The principle guideline for resolving this

63



provide a regular and adequate supply of food products for the city,
thereby reducing circulation costs resulting from the need to transport
food products from far away.

Only by simultaneously building the central economy and developing the
local economy into a unified national economic structure is it possible

to develop the strength of the entire country and, at the same time,
develop the strength and creativity, develop the sources of natural
resources, and utilize the labor of each locality to produce a wide variety
and large quantity of products for society and accelerate socialist
industrialization. Therefore, it is necessary to build the central economy
and develop the local economy under a common, unified plan extending

from the central to the local levels. The central sectors as well as the
provinces and municipalities must maintain a nationwide point of view

and avoid partialism and departmentalism on the part of an individual
locality or sector as this is the only way to develop the strength of all
sectors of the national economy throughout the country and achieve
specialization and cooperation by sector; in the establishment of the
economic structure within each province and municipality, each locality,
province and municipality must concern itself with the common task of
developing the economic sectors within the locality and, in particular,
concern itself with the life of each citizen within the locality,

++.The Political Department of the Party Central Committee established the
capital Hanoi as the political and cultural center of the entire country,
an industrial city, an important economic center and set forth new guidelines
for planning the redevelopment and construction of Hanoi so that it truly
is a civilized and modern socialist capital. The task of pressing
immediate importance is that of adopting a specific plan for the renewal
and development of the capital Hanoi, beginning with the construction

of the historic Ba Dinh Genter area and the. construction of many other
areas as well as the renewal of the old wards; efforts must be concentrated
on building the material-technical base while rapidly changing the face

of society in the capital through families of the new culture and new
socialist persons who live a civilized style of life.

Another pressing task being faced is that of adopting a plan for building
and developing the industrial structure of Hanoi, developing it in
accordance with the common industrial development plan for the entire
country encompassing the central enterprises in Hanoi and local industry,
the machine industry enterprises, the precision machine enterprises, the
electrical appliance and electronics enterprises, the enterprises in the
building materials industry, the food products enterprises, the consumer
goods industry, the handicraft trades, especially the art’ ware handicraft
trades, and so forth serving the requirements of the city as well as the
requirements of the entire country and exportation. We must stipulate
which sectors and industrial enterprises will be enlarged, what type
enterprises will be constructed and which enterprises must be relocated
in the outskirts of the city in order to avoid polluting the city.



Group members and youths showed themselves to possess fine qualities:
boundless trust in the party, considering the ideals of the party to

be their raison d'etre, and being ready to make sacrifices and give

their lives for the glorious revolutionary undertaking of the party and
the nation. The Youth Group, which always acted on the basis of the
political task of the party and state and deeply understood the thoughts,
aspirations and characteristics of youths, organized intense revolutionary
movements of youths designed to inspire them to take the lead in the new
and difficult tasks of the revolution.

To implement the resolution of the 3rd National Congress of the Party,
successfully carry out the first 5-year plan, and meet the need at that
time for youths to make contributions and be forged, the Youth Group
launched the "volunteer to surpass the quotas of the first 5-year plan”
Movement among youths. In very high and intense spirits, hundreds of
thousands of youths enthusiastically worked on the youth project to
build the Hanoi-Thanh Hoa-Vinh railroad line and the Dong Anh-Thai
Nguyen railroad line, the project to build the first iron and steel
complex of the fatherland and other industrial projects. Hundreds of
thousands of lowland and urban youths volunteered for geological units
and went to build state farms, state forestry sites, build new homes for
themselves, Thousands of teachers eagerly volunteered to teach in the
high mountain areas and bring the light of culture to remote villages.

In 1965, the U.S, imperialists, having been defeated in their special

war in southern Vietnam, initiated the limited war and expanded the

war of destruction to northern Vietnam. In response to the appeal by
Uncle Ho "there is nothing more precious than independence and freedom,"
the various strata of youths arose with deep hatred of the enemy, ready

to protect the fruits of socialism in northern Vietnam and stand shoulder
to shoulder with their compatriots and the youths of southern Vietnam in
the resistance against the United States for national salvation. In this
situation, the Youth Group launched the "three readies" movement in
northern Vietnam and the "five assaults" movement in southern Vietnam.

In the space of only 3 months, more than 3 million youths signed "three
readies” pledges and eagerly joined the armed forces to fight the

United States while accelerating production, work and their studies. The
nearly 200,000 youths who joined the assault youth units resisting the
United States for national salvation and the liberation assault youth
units remained on roads, mindless of the bombs and shells, to keep
communications and transportation lines open in every situation. Young
manual workers and collective farmers, in the spirit of "a hammer in one
hand, a rifle in the other" and "a plow in one hand, a rifle in the other,"
produced, fought and bravely took the lead in every difficulty in order
to engage in production and protect production. In the "teach well, learn
well" movement, teachers and students worked together to build schools

at evacuation sites and continued to accelerate their studies and teaching.

On the battlefield in southern Vietnam, the "five assaults" movement
inspired youths to move into the front rank in the military struggle, the

17



With regard to the specific organization of forces, there will be

production corps and divisions directly under the Ministry of National
Defense, production divisions and regiments directly under the military
zones that will undertake the construction of large projects and specialized
farming areas of the central level, and provincial forces that will undertake
the construction of local economic projects.

As regards the training of cadres and manual workers, some will be under-
taken by the state systems and some by the army itself. Training must
be comprehensive, encompassing military, political and occupational
training. We must urgently open training classes to provide training in
economic management, technology and skills for cadres and soldiers in
order to promptly meet the requirements of the new task,

With respect to systems and policies, because the army is carrying out
its economic construction task under the military draft system, the forces
engaged in productive labor are fulfilling their military obligation and
thus eligible under the supply system of the army which is the principle
system. Officers will receive their present salaries; specialized
military personnel and manual workers will receive piecework wages.

In addition to the supply system and salary system, all military personnel
engaged in economic work are eligible under the current policies of the
state, for example, they are eligible for harmful substances subsidies,
climatic subsidies, and so forth; when individuals or units meet and
surpass their plans ahead of the deadline they will receive bonuses; when
they fail to complete their plans or make mistakes they must be fined.

All supply costs, salaries, bonuses, and so forth must be paid for from
the total value of productive labor under the cost accounting system,
not paid for from the national defense budget.

As a result, the units of the army shifting to economic work must quickly
implement the system of cost accounting. Only in this way is it possible
for these units to apply the economic regulations and policies of the
party and state well,

The large-scale economic construction task which the party and state have
assigned to the army is very large, difficult and complex,

In the past, under the direct leadership of the party, the army fulfilled
its task in the struggle to Liberate the nation.

Today, on the new front, the army will make every effort to learn, to
closely cooperate with the various sectors and localities. The army

will make every effort to utilize the strengths of its military organization
and discipline and will display on the productive labor front the
revolutionary heroism and spirit of collective ownership it displayed in
combat in order to work with all of our people to make our country a
Prosperous and strong socialist country and be ready to fight and firmly
defend our beautiful socialist fatherland.

5h



We raise the matter in this manner for the following several reasons:

1. It is based on the most important characteristic of our country, namely,
the advance from small-scale production to large-scale production. With
this characteristic, the existence and development of small industry and
the handicraft industry in conjunction with the increasingly rapid
development of large-scale industry are an objective requirement in the
nature of a law, Developing the artisan and handicraft industry in
conjunction with state-operated industry and large-scale industry is an
expression of the line of coordinating the state-operated economy with

the collective economy, coordinating large, medium and small scales,
coordinating modern technology and the rudimentary, making integrated use
of all “three military elements” and relying upon the people to develop
industry. The artisan and handicraft industry plays the role of supplementing
and supporting and establishing a division of labor and effectively
cooperating in production with state-operated industry...

2. The realities of our country prove:

a) The capabilities and potentials of the artisan and handicraft industry
are very large throughout the country; deserving of attention is the fact
that the South's potential in terms of raw materials, skills and machinery
is very large. Ho Chi Minh City alone now has nearly 20,000 small,

rather highly skilled industrial installations and many production
installations equipped with good special purpose machinery which produce
a wide variety of attractive products.

b) Artisan and handicraft output value is presently very high (it

comprises 36 percent of the industrial output value of the entire country:

3 billion dong in 1976). In the process of advancing to socialism, although
the percentage it comprises of industrial output value will decline,

its absolute value and rate of development will still increase rapidly

(by 1980, output value is projected to exceed 5 billion dong and comprise
approximately 30 percent of industrial output value with an average growth
rate of 17 to 18 percent),

--At present, 70 percent of all consumer goods are produced by the artisan
and handicraft industry.

--Exported artisan and handicraft goods presently comprise more than 20
percent of the exports of northern Vietnam (1976). Many ethnic minority
art products are of high export value.

The artisan and handicraft industry not only includes light industry and

the food products industry but, under the specific conditions of our country,

it also produces instruments of production. At present, and for quite some
time to come, the majority of common tools, improved tools and semi-

mechanized tools for agriculture and the other economic sectors,simple chemicals
and many types of building materials are being and will be produced by the

61



The ministries and sectors must adopt plans and set forth specific

targets for each job and each period of time and mobilize the masses to
display the spirit of collective ownership and emulate in the practice

of economy with materials. Only in this way can the material economization
policy truly become a revolutionary activity of the masses and yield large
returns.

In order to be able to perform the important jobs mentioned above, it is
necessary to build and consolidate the material supply system to be
consistent with the “reorganization of social production on a nationwide
scale, the improvement of the planning system and the streamlining of
the economic management apparatus"(the political report).

Only by improving the material supply management apparatus from the central
to the local levels is it possible to “insure that materials are supplied
to production units in a timely, full and coordinated manner with the

least possible losses and at the lowest possible costs..."(the political
report); only in this way is it possible for the material supply sector

to become the "good rear service supplying technical materials for
production and construction"(the report on the 5-year plan).

In the present situation, the supplying of materials should be assigned

to those ministries and general departments which have the fullest
conditions for carrying out the circulation and supply of materials (the
ability to assess needs, organize and create sources of materials, deliver
materials rapidly to production installations at the lowest possible
circulation costs, and so forth), The ministries and general departments
in charge of production and the production installations should concentrate
on supervising and managing production. It would create a very large waste
of manpower and means if each ministry, general department and locality
had its own material supply apparatus.

The organization of the management apparatus and the supply of materials
must fully implement the principle "coordinating management by sector

with management by locality and by territory. The organization of the
material supply network from the central to the local levels must be

as scientific and efficient as possible in order to guarantee that the
process of circulating materials is timely, direct and-as economical as
possible and results in the least possible losses while creating the
conditions for each installation to apply scientific-technological advances
in the management of the supply of materials. Only by correctly and clearly
establishing the division of responsibilities for supplying materials is
it possible for the sectors that produce, circulate and supply materials
to operate in a stable manner that yields high economic returns.

As a result of the care, guidance and constructive efforts of the Party
Central Committee and the government, the materials sector now has a
corps of cadres who possess good political qualifications and specialized
occupational skills and, as a result, have completed the tasks assigned
them by the party and state in the past.

34



ae

However, compared to the requirements of the revolutionary task in the

new stage set forth by this congress, the political qualifications,

ethical qualities, work skills and knowledge of their occupation, technology
and economic management of the persons in material supply work still
reflect many shortcomings and limitations which must be rapidly corrected.

The persons engaged in the management of the supply of materials, from
manual workers at warehouses to technical management cadres and professional
cadres to the persons in charge of each unit, must have a clear under-
standing of the very important task they have been assigned. Every
installation, unit, agency and individual must, above everything else,
fulfill their esponsibility as collective owners in the task and job
assigned them by society. Everyone must always display a high spirit of
responsibility by concerning himself with the materials for production
just as the enterprise director concerns himself with the production
task; everyone must value and maintain materials whenever they are under
his management and rapidly increase his knowledge of his occupation, of
science and technology in order to manage materials well, distribute them
correctly, use them efficiently, economize on materials, etc.

To rapidly improve our qualifications in every respect, we must study.
In conjunction with studying on our own and learning on the job, it is
necessary to utilize the system of formal schools to train a large corps
of cadres who possess strong management skills and good virtues and
qualities in order to promptly meet the requirements of the new task.

We are firmly confident that the resolutions of the congress will usher
in a new and extremely brilliant period of development of our country.

We promise to thoroughly implement the resolutions of the party congress,
make every effort to fulfill our responsibilities and, together with the
sectors and localities, successfully carry out the second 5-year plan
and successfully build a Vietnam of peace, independence, unity and
socialism, thereby making our country prosperous and strong and bringing
comfort and happiness to our people.

Labor Minister Sets Guidelines for Full Employment
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 8 Jan 77 pp 4, 5

fi Speech delivered by NguyenTho Chan at the 4th Congress of the Party:

Under the Socialist System, Labor Has Become a Sacred Obligation and Great =|

Honor of Each Citizen". A report on this speech was published in FBIS Asia
and Pacific DAILY REPORT, Vol IV, No 18, 27 Jan 77, pp K16-K18]

{[Text_] The report of the Party Central Committee presented by Le Duan
to this congress charted the course which our entire party and all our
people must follow in order to abolish poverty and backwardness, make

our country a prosperous and strong socialist country, and bring our people
a life of comfort and happiness through their own glorious and brave labor.

35



abolishing poverty and backwardness and bringing prosperity back to the
country.

In economic work, the army must first of all have a full understanding of
the common characteristic of the entire country, namely, that it is
advancing from a system of small-scale production directly to socialism
without experiencing the stage of capitalist development.

Our socialist economic system is an economic system which will form an
integrated structure that closely links agriculture with industry,
coordinates the local economy with the central economy, coordinates the
economy with the defense of the nation and closely coordinates construction
and reform; it is a planned economy, an economy which must comply with the
internal laws of its own country, an economy which must rapidly reach

the pinnacle of large-scale socialist production, build up its production
capacity and perfect its production relations.

On the basis of these special characteristics, the army, while participating
in economic work, must utilize its existing strengths in the most suitable
manner possible and correct its weaknesses.

Shifting a large contingent of the army to economic work under the military
draft system involves shifting an entire force that has been organized for
a long time, a relatively well coordinated organization which possesses a
high degree of political enlightenment and a high spirit of collective
ownership that have been forged and challenged in combat, an organization
that has become familiar with modern military science and technology, is
disciplined and in good health in combat as well as productive labor, a
large collective which has great strength if we know how to utilize it
well,

However, in this shift of a contingent of its forces from a primary task
of combat to a primary task of economic construction, the army faces
certain difficulties: it lacks scientific and technical cadres and
economic management cadres, lacks experience and knowledge in the
organization and management of production and its skills are lacking or
weak, The task is a totally new one, our tools and equipment are new to
us and there has been no preparatory stage, consequently, we must work and
learn at the same time, work and make the necessary preparations at the
same time, As a result, it will take a certain amount of time for us to
begin performing our jobs well,

Although the army has the strength and weaknesses with regard to economic
work, it is its strengths which predominate.

With these strengths, the army is highly capable of becoming immediately
involved in state-operated production, large-scale socialist production;
quickly forming industrial-agricultural federations and well coordinated
federations of enterprises; and launching attacks in difficult areas and
sectors, in jobs which must be completed quickly.

50



of closely linking the school to labor, production and life in society.

We also suggest that the Ministry of Education formally train a corps of
persons in charge of teenagers and children and improve the course of
instruction at pedagogy schools concerning Youth Group and unit activities.
The Youth Group will expand and improve the quality of the movement of
students endeavoring to become collectives of socialist students, collectives
within which students help one another study for the right purpose and with
the proper motive, study in a manner closely linked to labor and work in
society and help one another manage themselves in collective life without
allowing anyone to be slow to make progress.

Under the new conditions which exist, we suggest that the agencies of the
state and the party committees on the various echelons concern themselves
with organizing entertainment and recreation, mass cultural activities,
physical education and sports, and tours for youths. Youths generally
pick up bad habits outside the 8 hours they spend on the job. We must
have clubs for youths and swimming pools, athletic fields, musical
instruments, sport equipment and trainers and instructors at installations
to guide youths. Factories, enterprises and cooperatives can share some
of the costs and will mobilize the force of youths to participate in the
construction and management of these facilities.

Today, the Youth Group organization consists of 3 million members. Youth
Group units are found in every locality and every sector of activity.
However, many units are still small and their quality is low and fails
to meet the requirements of the revolutionary task in the new situation,
especially in the newly liberated areas.

Today, in keeping with the suggestion made by the Central Committee of
the Youth Group and many of the organizations of the Youth Group, the
congress has agreed that the Ho Chi Minh Lao Dong Youth Group can, from
now on, bear the name the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Group. This is
a source of very great enthusiasm and pride for the cadres, Youth Group
members and youths of the entire country.

The requirements of the revolution demand that the Youth Group be large
in size and of high quality so that it truly is the competent arm and
reliable reserve unit of the party. We must accelerate the development
of the Youth Group, especially in the southern provinces, and not allow
decadent elements to infiltrate the Youth Group. We must establish

Youth Group installations everywhere, primarily in the important areas,
such as enterprises and schools, strategic rural areas, the mountains,

and so forth. Attention must be given to improving the quality of Youth
Group members and adopting widespread forms of organization and activities
in order to assemble and unite practically all youths around the Youth
Group. Youth Group cadre activities are of very decisive significance

in the youth movement. We suggest that the various party committee echelons
and the party organization departments help the Youth Group select and
streamline its leadership agency and contingent of core cadres, concern
themselves with every aspect of the training of the corps of Youth Group

23



--Capital construction work must be put under the industrial production
procedures of contiguous, synchronized production lines; we must
coordinate and fully utilize the combined strength of manpower, machines
and improved tools.

The capital construction army must provide as many of its own raw and
finished materials as possible, Attention must be given to large, medium
and small-scale operations. But whatever form is employed, an effort
must be made to utilize the shop form of organization.

--Coordinated, specialized and centralized building material production
areas will be planned as satellites surrounding the construction areas,

To complete the economic construction tasks we have been assigned,
attention must be given to taking the following measures:

1. Implementing the universal military draft system in coordination with
the system of the army working in economic construction: an appropriate
armed force will be maintained to maintain constant vigilance and protect
the country; at the same time, a corps of new, skilled workers will be

trained to produce wealth for the state and reduce the national defense
budget...

When their term of military service expires, these persons will become a
new stratum of persons who possess military, political and academic
qualifications and an occupatioml skill. Thus, they will comprise a reserve
force ready to fight and defend the fatherland and a new force of manual
workers building socialism in many sectors and trades.

2. Utilizing the organizational strength of the army in a manner consistent
with the requirements of productive labor:

On the basis of the army's existing organizational structure, we must
consolidate management and command operations into unified blocs and
eliminate those organizations whose management functions are close to

or duplicate each other and reduce the number of management echelons, the
fewer the better, so that specific problems can be resolved in an urgent,
flexible and prompt manner consistent with requirements. To accomplish
this, the organization of management and conmand staffs must be revamped
to be truly tight, efficient and streamlined.

For units engaged directly in productive labor, the key is establishing a
high spirit of collective ownership. and self-conscious labor and each and
every worker must be deployed within the efficient organization of work
of a production line in order to continuously utilize the full strength of
each individual and one's fellow workers within this organization of
production.

At the same time, the production organization is also an army unit; therefore,
its organization must insure the performance of the task of commanding
combat readiness,

53



artisan and handicraft industry (the products in group A comprise more than
30 percent of the output value of the artisan and handicraft industry).
This is another characteristic of the artisan dnd handicraft industry in
the advanced socialist countries,

c) The artisan and handicraft industry also makes an important contribution
to providing jobs and to the redistribution of social labor. Our country
presently has a large surplus of labor; in addition to sending some labor
to new economic areas and into the state-operated economy, a rather large
percentage will be given jobs within the artisan and handicraft industry.
At present, there are 1.5 million handicraftsmen and artisans in the
country; between now and 1980, the industry will absorb 1.4 to 1.5 million
more laborers (for a total of 3 million), This will be a rather large
production force. This force must not only consist of artisans and
handicraftsmen left behind by the old system, whom we must reform, but it
must also consist of new forces found, organized, and developed by our
system, forces consisting of many young educated persons who were born
and have grown up in socialist society (who now comprise 60 percent of
the total number of handicraftsmen in northern Vietnam), army troops
changing sectors, wounded veterans, agricultural cooperative members, and
so forth. This will not only increase the size of this corps, it will
also improve its quality.

Obviously, the issue of handicraftmen is not only that of those handicraftsmen
left behind by the old system whom we must reform, it is also an issue of
socialist society itself.

a) This party congress advocates the rapid upgrading of the district level
to a large-scale agricultural-industrial production unit. The industry

of the district is, in substance, the artisan and handicraft industry. In
conjunction with agricultural production, each cooperative and each district
must rapidly develop its artisan and handicraft production in order to make
full use of local labor and raw materials, immediately support agriculture,
increase the output of products for society, improve the standard of living
of the people and support export activities.

In the North at this time, there are approximately 30 districts which have
achieved output values of 10 million to 20 million or 30 million dong from
the artisan and handicraft industry and there can soon be many districts
achieving similar output values. Some professional cooperatives have
achieved an output value of 3 to 5 million dong and some agricultural-
handicraft cooperatives have recorded an. output value of 1 to 2 million
dong from the artisan and handicraft industry. These are new factors which
are appearing more with each passing day...

e) Another matter which must be clarified with regard to the artisan
and handicraft industry is that of establishing the social position of
the workers in this sector in the organization of the forces of the
revolution:

62



JPRS 68677

24 February 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON VIETNAM

No. 1892

MATERIAL ON THE FOURTH
VIETNAM WORKERS PARTY CONGRESS
(SELECTED SPEECHES)

ConTENTS Pace

PARTY ACTIVITIES AND GOVERNMENT

Party and State Leaders Express Views on Party Line, Discuss
Future Development
(NHAN DAN, various dates) ........... dee e cece eeeeeeeee 1

Hanoi Leader Cites Need for Industry, Housing,
by Nguyen Lam

Ho Chi Minh City To Become Major Industrial
Center, by Nguyen Van Linh

Thai Binh Stresses Agricultural Development ,”
by Nguyen Ngoc Triu

Hau Giang To Develop Agricultural Production, by
Tran Van Long

Growth and Task of Youth Movement Outlined, by
Vu Quang

Progress Under Nationalities Policy Outlined,
by Le Quang Ba

Increased Domestic Production of Materials
Planned, by Tran Sam

Labor Minister Sets Guidelines for Full
Employment, by Nguyen Tho Chan

Needs in Mountainous Ethnic Minority Areas
Detailed, by Chu Van Tan

The Army in Economic Development Discussed,
by Dong Si Nugyen

-ae- [III - ASIA - 110]



are continuing to be constructed in the mountains. The new socialist
production relations have been established and the working class and the
class of collective farmers, which include persons who belong to the
various ethnic minorities, have united and collaborated to develop

the economy, culture and educational system, build a new society and train
the new socialist man. The corps of leadership, management, scientific,
technical and specialized cadres has been formed and is growing Party
organizations have been established in practically all localities,
installations, sectors and echelons, The advance of the independent,
unified country to socialism and the great achievements and noteworthy
Progress of the mountain region which inspired enthusiasm and confidence
on the part of the peoples of the ethnic minorities are a victory of the
correct line and policy of our party.

On the other hand, some areas in the mountains are still at a low level of
economic and cultural development and at a low level in the other types
of development, especially many places in the highlands, places in the
remote mountain forests where there are few roads, places along the border
and places which are sparsely populated. The cause of this situation is
the imbalanced development of history; other important causes are the war
of destruction waged by the aggressors and the feudal and colonial systems
which restricted the progress and inflicted much harm upon the ethnic
minorities. Today, their policy of demagoguery, of dividing in order to
rule, of oppression and exploitation, of ethnic prejudices and contempt
for ethnic minorites is still having many harmful consequences.

The low level of development of the mountain region and the lack of uniform
progress among the areas in the mountains are the underlying causes of the
lack of true equality among the various ethnic minorities.

Under the glorious banner of the party, the achievements and progress of the
peoples of the ethnic minorities have predominated. We still have short-
comings and weaknesses, Some cadres and party members do not fully realize
the importance and strategic position of the nationalities question and
the mountain region issue; some do not have a full understanding of the
nationalities policy; some do not have the necessary knowledge of the
situation of the masses and the actual situation in the mountain region;
therefore, their supervision is neither appropriate, comprehensive nor
close; some places have not implemented the nationalities policy in an
appropriate manner or not implemented it in a complete and urgent manner
and some places have even made the situation more complicated, However,

I believe that these temporary and scattered shortcomings will be quickly
corrected.

"The Vietnamese revolution has entered a new stage, the stage in which the
entire independent and unified country is carrying out one strategic task,
namely, carrying out the socialist revolution and advancing rapidly, strongly
and steadily to socialism,” With the building of socialism in our country,
every person and every nationality will enjoy a civilized life of comfort
and happiness, make progress, and unite with and help one another exercise

he



policies must reflect the system of socialist collective ownership, fully
guarantee the rights of freedom and democracy and uphold the obligation
of each working person to the state; they must provide strong incentive
for creativity and the more appropriate training of advanced workers and
persons who truly possess talent and have contributed much to society;
they must heighten the responsibility of the management cadre in the use
of labor.

To increase the efficiency of work and help the worker economize on his
energy, attention must be given to researching, studying and improving

the work methods of the worker, to researching and applying "the science

of work." Because, we have seen many cases in which the toil and
perspiration accompanying a job indicate not the difficulty or strenuousness
of the work but the lack of education and lack of science in work.

To effectively begin this very new undertaking, it is necessary to quickly
establish a number of institutes or centers which research the science of
work and teach occupational skills; at the same time, we must organize

the research and application of a number of measures designed to raise
labor productivity as permitted by the conditions and circumstances of
our country: we must research the distribution and utilization of the
sources of social labor and research the organization of labor and the
labor quotas at the enterprises, worksites, agencies and cooperatives;

we must research the improvement of working conditions and labor safety
for the purpose of avoiding fatal accidents and serious losses, reduce the
incidence of occupational illnesses and improve the health of the worker;
we must research measures designed to provide material and spiritual
incentives for the worker, etc.

In view of the correct line of our party and the tradition of diligent,
brave and creative labor of our people--a heroic collective which carried
out the August Revolution and defeated two large imperialist powers,
France and the United States, a heroic collective which maintained
production and determinedly built socialism in every difficult situation
of the war and has won the admiration and respect of progressive mankind--
we are firmly confident in the talents and energies of our people to
build a prosperous and strong Vietnam. As President Ho predicted: “Once
we have defeated the U.S. pirates, we will, with this heroic collective,
successfully build socialism and communism"(2) in our country.

FOOTNOTES

1. V.I, Lenin: "Complete Works,” Volume 32, Su That Publishing House,
1970, p 510.

2. Ho Chi Minh: "Ve cong tac van hoa van nghe"/ Cultural, Literary and
Art Work_7 Su That Publishing House, 1971, p 79.

4O



basic level for implementing the division of labor and cooperation in
production and work in a manner closely linked to the division of labor
and cooperation of the system of social production. On this basis, we
have established a new system of management organizations within
agriculture, the agricultural committees or the agricultural-forestry
committees which function as management agencies of the state and become,
on the basis of unified production planning and plans and unified
regulations, procedures and quotas, effective agencies providing
centralized, unified management of the division of labor and cooperation
among the stations, farms and collective and state-operated production
units. Thus, through the district, we will create new relations among
production units and between state-operated and collective units,

relations that go beyond the narrow scope of the individual cooperative,
state farm and forestry site.

The guideline for agriculture is also the guideline for the artisan and
handicraft industry: the district will be the base for planning and
organizing production and an agency will be established to directly
manage the artisan and handicraft industry. The same will be done for
capital construction and communications-transportation. On the basis
of unified capital construction plans for the production units and the
district, the capital construction management agency will coordinate
the management of labor outside the agricultural season and manage the
specialized capital construction forces in order to control the entire
rate of capital construction within the district.

Thus, there will be coordination between agriculture and industry within
the district during the initial stage, coordination consisting of
coordination between agriculture and the agricultural support installations,
agriculture and the artisan and handicraft industry, agriculture and
communications-transportation, and agriculture and capital construction.
This coordination will be common to the entire district but will be the
responsibility of many management agencies under the direct and effective
management of the district people's committee.

Together with the system of production management organizations, we will
reorganize circulation and make the district the base for planning and
building the new countryside, for organizing the support of the people's
lives, for meeting the food, housing, educational, travel and health care
needs of the people. Through the skillfull coordination of investments
by the state with the organization of the labor force, the capabilities
of the cooperatives and the people, the good organization of family life
and the strengthening of collective welfare systems, the face of the
countryside will rapidly change.

In view of all the features mentioned above, it is clear that the district
will be the base for organizing production, distributing labor and
organizing life; it will be the echelon which plans and directly manages
production and circulation on the basic level; it will be the place which
implements the right of collective ownership of the people in the locality.

65


endeavor to be worthy of his name, to insure that President Ho always lives
in the work of the party organization and people of the city.

Recently, while preparing for the congress, the municipal party organization
launched a broad emulation movement while appealing to the various strata
of the people within the city to display their patriotism and love of
socialism by contributing their opinions concerning the outline of the
Political Report of the Party Central Committee. The appeal was immediately
met with enthusiastic response inthe factories, worksites, townships,
hamlets, schools and wards. Movements were launched everywhere to develop
Production, increase output, improve techniques, improve organization,
improve the quality of products and record achievements in commemoration

of the party congress. On the other hand, at thousands of meetings tens

of thousands of ideas were presented either directly or through letters

to the party committee. These ideas were very practical and specific

and expressed in a very constructive and sincere attitude. Some dealt

with specific plans and measures for inclusion in the 5-year economic

and cultural development plan and many were constructive thoughts concerning
cadres and soldiers who had violated the democratic rights of the people
and violated revolutionary virtues.

Through these movements, the party has gained a deeper understanding of

the people, the people have gained a deeper understanding of the party,

the party trusts and loves the people more and the people trust and love
the party more. The party and the people are closer together.

With this trust, love and closeness and, in particular, under the light
of the resolution passed by the 4th congress and under the leadership of
the 4th Party Central Committee, the people and party organization of

our city will overcome every obstacle in order to truly make their beloved
city a socialist city.

Thai Binh Stresses Agricultural Development
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 28 Dec 76 p 5

LD Excerpts from speech delivered by Nguyen Ngoc Triu, the provincial party
committee secretary and head of the delegation from the party organization
of Thai Binh Province, at the 4th Congress of the Party: “Thai Binh Is
Determined_To Successfully Implement the Resolution of the 4th Party
Congress"

L Text_7 Under the new conditions of our country, raising the matter of
concentrating our efforts on resolving the agricultural problem is totally
correct, it is a correct solution to our most pressing problem, it
immediately enables us to begin developing the strongpoints of our country's
economy and, at the same time, it is fully consistent with the Line of

giving priority to the rational development of heavy industry on the basis
of agricultural and light industrial development, coordinating industrial
and agricultural development throughout the country in a modern industrial-
agricultural economic structure..."

10



on the basis of the state plan, It will organize large state-operated
specialized farming areas, undertake all of the capital construction work
within them and organize production-business management in the unified
structure of an agricultural-industrial federation. Within each specialized
farming area there will be one highly specialized production sector; at

the same time, integrated farming, livestock and processing businesses will
be developed. It will develop both natural and economic potentials in
order to create a large volume of products and commodities for the state.

-~-In a number of other localities, the army will only participate in
capital construction, primarily the construction of roads and water
conservancy projects and the creation of the initial material base, in
order to gradually bring in civilians to engage in production in accordance
with the plan of the locality, The army will not manage production or
manage business.

2. In forestry, the army will undertake afforestation and the complete
construction of a number of forestry economic areas by three methods:

--It will assemble the forces and means for building, in a coordinated and
complete manner, a number of forestry economic areas; this will include
capital construction and the organization of production-business management
into the unified structure of a forestry-industrial-agricultural federation
encompassing afforestation, the repair of forests, forest conservation,

harvesting and processing, grain production, livestock production, capital
construction, and so forth;

--Or, as in agriculture, the army will only participate in capital
construction, primarily the construction of roads, with production and
production management being undertaken by the forestry sector;

--With regard to combat ready forces and the forces on the islands and along
the ‘border, a number of small, scattered units can plant trees and then
turn them over to the locality to be managed,

The large units can undertake hilly and mountainous areas, islands and
large fields, replan them, station their entire units within then,

carry out afforestation and capital construction and provide long-term
business management in keeping with the plan and norms of the state;

after 2 or 3 years of the 5-year plan, these areas will be transformed into
large forestry economic areas, national defense bases and scenic areas of
the country, thereby helping improve the environment.

3. In utilizing the strengths. of the army, capital construction is one of
the important tasks of the forces specializing in economic construction;
therefore, in terms of organization, it is necessary to form highly
centralized and specialized units which cooperate and have the ability to

systematically complete projects, promptly put them into use and rapidly
realize economic returns from them,

52



At the same time, we must strongly develop such trades as the making of

mats and conical hats, the production of products from rattan, bamboo

and big rattan, the wool weaving, embroidery and lace trades, the production
of traditional art products from mother of pearl, elephant tusks, turtle
shells and precious woods and gems, the production of traditional lacquerware
products, and so forth in order to meet the needs of the people and support
export activities.

Of importance at this time in the development of consumer goods production
is the need to actively develop domestic sources of raw materials within
agriculture, forestry, the fishing trade and heavy industry, In particular,
there must be a steady supply of raw materials from agriculture and forestry,
a steady supply of such raw materials as cotton, jute, hemp, mulberries,
rubber, lacquer, tea, coffee, fruits, sugar cane, the various types of

oil bearing plants, spices, tobacco and pine, phi lao, Bo, mo, ven ven

and other kinds of wood. In the 5-year plan, we suggest that the party

and state adopt appropriate norms and a policy for strongly developing

the production of annual and perennial industrial crops to create the

basis for the development of light industry.

To implement the economic lines and policies of the party well, we suggest
that the new Party Central Committee concern itself with urgently

resolving the problem of organizing the supervision of implementation in
order to make it consistent with the requirements of the political task

in the new stage of the revolution. On the basis of the line and the
thinking and viewpoints presented in the Political Report of the Party
Central Committee which will be ratified at this congress, specific policies
such as those concerning prices, wages, finished and raw materials, exports,
imports, accumulation and consumption, and so forth and many regulations
and rules of the state must be supplemented, improved or established in a
suitable manner in conjunction with improving management, the center of
which is improving planning and streamlining the supervisory organization
from top to bottom in order to create the conditions for stimulating the
strong development of the economy and culture.

Recently, all of the cadres, party members and manual workers of the

light industrial sector accelerated their emulation movement and surpassed
their 1976 state plan quotas by 3 percent, quotas which were 20 percent
higher than in 1975. Under the light of the correct line of the party which
this congress will ratify, all of the cadres, party members and manual
workers of the light industrial sector promise to be determined to further
accelerate the socialist emulation movement, actively implement the resolutions
of the congress and endeavor to achieve an annual rate of growth of 20
percent in order to meet and surpass the quotas of the 5-year state plan,
beginning with making good preparations for successfully carrying out the
1977 state plan during the first month and quarter of the year to produce
many high quality, low cost consumer goods for the people,

58



water conservancy, communications and mechanization, posed obstacles to
organizing the lives of the people. Therefore, we must replan the
distribution of the population in order to increase the amount of farmland
and gradually build the new countryside. At the same time, we must launch
a land-fill movement, make efficient use of seedling fields, increase the
intensive cultivation of seedlings and expand the use of the direct
planting method in order to transform more than 6,000 hectares once used
especially for seedlings to raise seedlings and two rice crops.

Together with increasing the amount of farmland, Thai Binh's main guideline |
for producing 1 million tons of grain is continuing to raise the Level of |
intensive cultivation of rice in order to increase yields. We consider |
this to be an extremely important guideline, one that still holds much
potential,

On the basis of continuing to develop and properly implement all the
techniques of farming, we will particularly concentrate on solving the
four major problems involved in raising rice yields:

~-Continuing to accelerate the improvement of farmland water conservancy
systems and raising water conservancy work to a new level of development

in order to support the requirements of intensive cultivation and increasing
the amount of area under cultivation;

--Intensifying the improvement of soil and the use of fertilizer;
~-Continuing to resolve the rice varieties problem well;

--Mechanization in support of intensive cultivation and the effort to
increase the amount of farmland is of very important significance and
must be carried out more urgently.

Resolving these problems well will actively create the material bases for
raising the yield and output of rice. However, even if we coordinate
expanding the amount of area under cultivation and raising rice yields to
8-9 tons of paddy per hectare, the problem of achieving the target of

1 million tons of grain will not be solved. Therefore, a new potential
which we maintain can help Thai Binh rapidly and fully meet the target of
1 million tons of grain is increasing the amount of area under the
cultivation of winter crops on two crop rice fields.

In coordination with the steps mentioned above and together with the other
grain crops, such as corn, sweet potatoes, galingale, and so forth, Thai
Binh can achieve the. target of 1 million tons of grain per year by 1980;
thus, along with endeavoring to reduce the population, the amount of grain
per capita will be roughly 800 kilograms per year. This level of grain
Production will meet the food needs of the people, increase the contribution
to the state and provide the conditions for strongly developing Livestock
production and the other types of production.

12



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agencies and the ministries and units which place orders for foreign
goods in their trade with and ordering of goods from foreign countries;
at the same time, regulations must be established which create the
conditions for units which import materials to successfully place orders
for imports once they have been approved by the state.

Another important matter in resolving the difficulties being encountered
with materials is that of overcoming departmentalism and partialism,
distributing materials from places of surpluses to places of shortages,
making full use of existing materials to replace those materials of which
we are in short supply, increasing the collection and purchase of used
materials, and mobilizing existing sources of materials in society to
promptly support production.

To store materials and maintain their quality well, every effort must
be made to build warehouses, build the material-technical base and apply
advanced management measures in warehouse management.

It is necessary "...to fully encourage the economization of materials and,
at the same time, take harsh disciplinary action against the failure to
use materials in accordance with the plan, the wasteful use of materials
and allowing materials to become lost or damaged"(the political report).
At present, strict economization is not being practiced with materials,
The waste of materials is rather serious in every job. We must immediately
correct this problem by, on the one hand, heightening the legal nature of
the policies and regulations that have been issued, providing necessary
policies and regulations and taking effective economic measures so that
the various sectors and echelons come to see the need to practice economy
with materials; on the other hand, we must launch a broad mass movement
to economize on materials.

Attention must be given to improving the management of such important
jobs as transporting materials from terminals to supply, production,

and construction installations; properly organizing the storage of
materials in the warehouses of the ministries and sectors as well as the
enterprises; issuing ceilings which state the amount of materials
unavoidably lost during transportation, ceilings which combat the negligent
loss of materials and ceilings which insure the quality of materials when
they reach the hands of the worker; supplying materials of the right
specifications and types in a coordinated manner that meets the
requirements of production and keeps pace with the rate of production;
all of these are practical jobs which can be performed to economize on
materials. The establishment and continuous improvement of material
consumption ceilings and quotas governing the stockpiling of materials
and regularly inspecting compliance with these ceilings and quotas under

a strict regulation are of particular importance in achieving the economization

of materials. Applying scientific and technical advances in the management
and circulation of materials is also an important measure in economizing
on materials.

33



technical innovations exhibits of youths. We must accelerate among youths
the movement to study science and technology, widely develop the various
forms of work-study schools, youth supplementary education and technical
schools, and so forth; we must accelerate the movement to conduct scientific
research and popularize science and technology among young intellectuals,
young teachers and the students at the colleges and vocational schools,

and so forth.

We must accelerate the intense movement of youths to fulfill their military
obligation, consolidate the national defense system and maintain social
order and security.

--Youths must be taught the nation's tradition of resistance against foreign
aggression, taught the tradition of the revolutionary army, and taught the
concept of being the masters of the fatherland and being ready to join the
armed forces to defend the fatherland so that youths are the strong and
inexhaustible reserve force of the armed forces.

Youths within the army must be mobilized to step up the "determined to win”
emulation movement to maintain combat readiness well and perform good
productive labor, thereby closely linking the movements of the youths in
and outside the army.

We must encourage youths to participate in the maintenance of order and
security and guide the red flag youth units and the youth inspection units
in displaying the spirit of ownership of youths in the maintenance of social
order and security.

It is necessary to launch among youths an intense revolutionary movement to
build the new culture and the new socialist style of life in order to train
youths to be persons who possess the communist world view and philosophy

of life, possess the spirit of collective ownership, possess the new
attitude toward work, respect and protect public property, possess the
sense of organization and discipline, deal with others in a proper manner,
are filled with love for their fellow man, possess a love of beauty in
life, and know how to handle matters pertaining to their friends, loved
ones and families in keeping with the correct viewpoint of communist ethics.

To accelerate the movements mentioned above, we suggest that the various
party committee echelons strengthen their leadership and that the agencies
of the state create every material condition needed for the revolutionary
movements of the masses; the Youth Group must provide close supervision and,
in keeping with the law of development of movements, develop from a few to
many, from the pilot project to general practice, from the small wave to
the large wave with each successive wave being larger. We must lead the
revolutionary movements of the masses in a scientific manner so that these
movements are intense and continuous and. become increasingly strong.

The basic task of the Youth Group is helping the party train the generation
of communist youths. Today's youths possess socialist consciousness, they

al


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With regard to the economy, in the advance to socialism, the revolutionary
movement to transform the potentials in the mountain region into a
Prosperous economy which is part of the unified structure of our country's
socialist economy is the place that will develop the economy in
coordination with consolidating the national defense system in the new
stage and reform the private production relations into constantly improved
socialist production relations, In this process of major and profound
change, we cannot give light attention to upholding the right of socialist
collective ownership of the masses.

We must promptly adopt specific policies designed to help and encourage
the masses to develop the economy. These policies must show the masses
that their immediate interests are closely linked to their long-range
interests, that the interests of the locality are closely linked to the
interests of the entire nation. These policies must have the purpose of
rapidly resolving the difficulties being ecountered by compatriots in
their everyday lives, especially at places where the standards of eating,
housing, clothing, culture, and so forth are very low and be closely
linked to the construction of materials bases of all the people that
yield high economic returns.

It is necessary to accelerate the settlement of nomads and immediately
stabilize the lives of these compatriots in conjunction with building
forestry sites, state farms, new economic areas, industrial installations,
etc. We must send labor from the lowlands to the mountains and, at the
same time, recruit local mountain labor for state-operated installations,
intensify the reorganization of production forces, train ethnic minority
cadres and manual workers and strengthen ethnic minority unity.

In the construction of the material and technical base in the mountains,
we must make investments in state-operated installations while concerning
ourselves with helping cooperatives; we must use state-operated
installations to have an impact upon and help collectives (with water
conservancy, seeds, technology, and so forth); we must establish good
relations between state-operated installations and cooperatives and the
practice of helping each other,

We must accelerate the planning of land and timber forests, clearly define
the scope of operation of state-operated installations and assign some
land and timber forests to cooperatives to be managed for business purposes
in order to protect the property of the state, utilize production forces
ina manner that yields high economic returns, develop production and
improve the lives of the people.

The establishment of agricultural and forestry cooperatives must be carried
out gradually to insure the continuous development of production and the
improvement of the standard of living and guard against and overcome each
tendency to work in a manner that lacks careful research, work in a form
for form's sake, conservative, timid, mechanical or rote manner.

45



In the highlands, generally speaking, many difficulties are still being
encountered in production and with the standard of living and cultural
level of the people.

In particular, in a number of ethnic minority areas in the South, the level
of production is very low, a very large percentage of the people are still
illiterate and serious diseases, which are still rather widespread, are
having a major impact upon production and life, The aftereffects of neo-
colonialism are still having a serious effect upon the ethnic minorities.
The compatriots at many places still live nomadic lives.

In order to continue carrying out the settlement of nomads campaign well
throughout the country, we must fully realize that this is "a profound
political, economic, cultural and social revolutionary campaign being
conducted not only for the sake of the vital and legitimate interests of
nomads, but also for the sake of protecting and developing the natural
resources of the country." The settlement of nomads campaign must be
closely linked to carrying out the three revolutions and advancing from
small-scale production to large-scale socialist production.

In the new stage, our party, on the basis of the situation mentioned above,
has stated: "The nationalities policy of the party is designed to achieve
equality in every respect among the various ethnic minorities and create
the conditions for eventually abolishing the differences in economic and
cultural levels between the mountains and the lowlands and between the
ethnic minorities and the ethnic majority, abolishing the ethnic
discrimination that still lingers and insuring that all ethnic minorities
as well as the ethnic majority enjoy a civilized life of comfort and
happiness, develop in every respect, unite with and help one another make
progress and together be the collective masters of the independent, unified
and socialist Vietnamese fatherland.”

To implement the nationalities policy in the new stage, it is necessary to
fully adhere to the basic viewpoint of the party concerning the nationalities
question and concretize the resolution of the party congress in specific

and comprehensive policies in order to develop the revolutionary spirit

and creative abilities of the ethnic minorities as the result of which we
will surely record many larger achievements.

Implementing the nationalities policy is the responsibility of all sectors,
all party and state echelons and all mass organizations. In particular,

the key to implementing the nationalities policy of the party is actively
training ethnic minority cadres and strengthening the corps of cadres working
in the ethnic minority areas.

The cadres, party members and people of the ethnic minorities as well as
the cadres and party members working with the ethnic minorities are very
enthused over the brilliant results of the nationalities policy in the
recent past and over the guidelines and task of the nationalities policy
set forth by the party for the new stage. We would like to express: to the

29



Today, our people, who are very revolutionary and wholeheartedly support
the party, are proud of being able to work for the common good, Our
beloved youths are ready to go anywhere and do anything for the prosperity
of the fatherland. The party must make everyone clearly understand that
there is no better way to build a modern industrial-agricultural economy
in a poor and backward country such as ours than by making the fullest and
most economizal use possible of existing assets, namely, our rich natural
resources and the diligent hands, intelligent minds and brave hearts of
our people. With labor, natural resources and the ability to organize,
manage. and mobilize, we will have everything. With such an understanding,
everyone will be ready to endure each difficulty and hardship and consider
going to work the same thing as going into combat for the sake of the
happiness of this generation and future generations.

Under our system, labor is the most basic right of equality, it is the
basis of everything that is fair and democratic. Therefore, everyone who
can work but does not work in accordance with his ability does not have
the right to talk about fairness and equality, does not have the right

to enjoy any of the products of society because, if he did, unfairness
would originate in that person. At a time when our people are enduring
their difficulties and making an extraordinary effort to build socialism,
we cannot perpetually give food to those who are lazy, those who shirk
their obligation and those who do not earn their livings legitimately.
To eat, a person must work. This is fairness. It is also a common and
easily understood truth. Therefore, we must take determined steps to
compel those persons who are able to work but are lazy to work, we must
thoroughly apply the basic principle of socialism, namely, "he who works
much receives much, he whoworks little receives little, and those who are
able to work but do not receive nothing,” and, at the same time, we must
take a harsh attitude toward those who, by one method or another, reduce
the enthusiasm of those persons who do work.

In the effort to teach the concept of work, it is suggested that the
information, press, cultural and art agencies and the schools expand
their role and bring matters pertaining to labor and persons who set good
examples in work to the forefront while forthrightly criticizing all of
those shortcomings which Lenin called “the cancers in our economic life
and rely upon the public opinion of the working masses to cure these
cancers,”

We must also heighten the responsibility of the governments on the various
echelons, especially of the managers at state-operated installations, as
regards making good use of the labor force in order to produce many high
quality products at low costs.

The enterprise director must be a person who is carefully selected from among

the most knowledgeable and experienced management cadres, he must be a
person who is very frugal, who thoroughly understands the line of the party

and fully complies with and sets examples in the implementation of each labor

38



cadres, and adopt plans for utilizing and providing jobs for older Youth
Group cadres being transferred to other assignments. The Youth Group must
give its attention to its reserve corps, the Vanguard Teenagers’ Unit

and the Ho Chi Minh Children's Unit, and further heighten its responsibility
in the elementary and advanced training of outstanding Youth Group members
to become party members and join the party's corps of young cadres. We
suggest that the state establish an agency which looks after each activity
of the youth movement.

We must establish a Youth Law to codify the obligations and rights of
youths and the conditions under which the Youth Group participates in
the socialist state, upholds the right of collective ownership of youths
and the Youth Group, and stops violations, thereby insuring that the
Youth Group strongly develops its role as a positive member in the
dictatorship of the proletariat system.

When the Party Central Committee issued the notice convening the national
party congress, Youth Group members, youths, and the members of the
teenager and children's units launched an intense emulation movement to
record achievements and have their names recorded in the "golden book

of achievements in tribute to the party." We are very happy to report

to the congress that by the day the party congress opened, 20,000
collectives and more than 650,000 Youth Group members and youths throughout
the country had completed their plans and tasks for 1976, teenagers and
children had performed 90 million "good deeds," and 2.6 million children
had the honor of being "obedient children of Uncle Ho."

These are beautiful, fragrant flowers, they are bouquets of heartfelt
sentiment of the young generation for the revered party.

We now ask to convey to the congress the promise of the 3 million Youth
Group members and the 10 million youths of the entire country to struggle
to implement the historic resolution of the congress and their readiness
to accept their task!

We respectfully submit the golden book of achievements to the presiding
officers and the congress.

Progress Under Nationalities Policy Outlined
Hanoi NHAN DAN in Vietnamese 6 Jan 77 pp 4, 5

[Speech to the 4th Congress of the Party by Le Quang Ba: "The Nationalities
Policy of the Party Has Given All Ethnic Minorities as Well as the Ethnic
Majority a Civilized Life of Comfort and Happiness" 7

[Text_J I am in complete agreement with the content of the political
report and the report on party development presented by the Party Central
Committee to the congress,

2h



considerable results have been achieved; however, there are more than

a few shortcomings and weaknesses. Many efforts must be made to rapidly
begin the building of a producing city, a city which has a modern industry,
a developed agriculture, a progressive culture and a pure, wholesome style
of life. By developing upon its existing advantages, the city will soon
become a major industrial center and, at the same time, a large inter-
national trade center, a large and modern port in order to make the
greatest possible contribution to the overall prosperity of the entire
country. In this spirit, a number of precincts within the city will
become developed artisan and handicraft units and the districts in the
outskirts of the city will be units which have a relatively complete
agricultural-industrial structure.

The city will plan industry and the handicraft trades in order to establish
a relatively complete integrated network with particular attention to
developing the machine sector and the chemicals sector to support
agriculture and the other economic sectors, produce spare parts and
manufacture a number of pieces of equipment and some chemicals as part
of the overall division of labor of the entire country. Light industry
and the artisan-handicraft industry, which have always been a special,
positive characteristic of the city, will be efficiently reorganized

and rearranged and more strongly developed while maintaining their
existing variety and diversity, thereby helping provide a large quantity
of high quality consumer goods for the people and, at the same time,
producing a number of unique products to meet export needs, The city
will take determined steps to rapidly reduce the size of the private
business sector, gradually shift the people to production and teach them
to earn their living in the collective way under guidelines which best
benefit production. Meanwhile, the state store network will be gradually
expanded to the wards, townships and new residential areas. More than

1 million persons will be sent to new economic areas where they will
concentrate on planting industrial crops on a large scale.

In agriculture, the city will abolish the right of private ownership and
feudal exploitation, accelerate collectivization, reclaim and clear land
and expand the amount of area under intensive cultivation to increase
crop yields in order to form, in the next several years, a green belt
providing a large supply of vegetables, fruit, meat, fish and eggs to
the city while achieving self-sufficiency in grain in the districts in
the outskirts of the city.

The material and spiritual lives of the people will be stabilized and
gradually improved. The people of the city will work. in productive labor
with increasing enthusiasm. The entire city will be a large worksite.
Child care centers, kindergartens, schools, medical clinics and museums
will be opened everywhere,

To tightly control the dictatorship of the proletariat, the municipal
party organization will constantly protect and consolidate the revolutionary



This situation is due to many reasons: it is partially the result of the
war and partially due to our country's economy which still lacks balance,
especially between production and materials; however, examined in terms
of the leadership provided by the party, the factor deserving of attention
is that the understanding and viewpoint of a number of cadres concerning
this matter are not in agreement with the line and policy of the party,
lines and policies are not fully complied with, certain points within
policies have not been promptly supplemented to be consistent with the
developing situation and there are still shortcomings in the guidance
provided by our sector.

In the South, artisan and handicraft potential is very large; however, under
the neo-colonialist system, these trades were pressured and competed against;
therefore, not only did many sectors and trades fail to develop, but many
disappeared or were destroyed. In the rural areas, the artisan and
handicraft trades are in a very serious state of decline. Practically all
raw materials must be imported and the sources of domestic raw materials,
despite the great capabilities which exist, are gradually "shrinking."

For these reasons, we completely agree with the political report and the
5-year plan which not only set’ forth specific guidelines for the artisan
and handicraft industry, but also clearly establish the long-range role
and position of this industry within the national economy and set forth
a suitable line and policy for this economic sector. We hereby make the
following motions

"The artisan and handicraft industry occupies a very important position and
plays a very important role not only in the immediate future, but also over
the long range in the national economy, throughout the period of socialist
construction in our country. The collectivized artisan and handicraft
industry is an element of the socialist economy, one for which our party
and state must open the way and create the conditions for boldly providing
incentive for the development of production in keeping with the state plan
and which our party and state must, at the same time, help continue to
reform, consolidate and improve the production relations, develop its
positive aspects and overcome its negative phenomena and the method of
operation of the small-scale producer,

The various party committee echelons must strengthen their leadership and
the state must strengthen and improve its management, gradually expand

the scope of planning to the cooperative, improve and supplement regulations
and policies and provide positive support in all areas, especially in the
area of technology, in order to gradually raise cooperatives from the level
of the manual. worksite to the level of the shop, from simple cooperation
to cooperation and specialization. In summary, cooperatives must be put
on the road to large~scale socialist production. At the same time, our
party demands that artisans and handicraftsmen display the spirit of
collective ownership, display a high level of self-reliance, operate in
the correct manner, fulfill their obligations to the state and produce a
wide variety of high quality, low cost products,”

60



In the development of the economy of the mountain region, it is also
necessary to guard against and correct manifestations of partialism and
shallowness, of only being concerned with one's unit but not thinking
about the common good as a result of which other installations are
restricted and the interests of the masses are violated. Everyone must
be clearly shown that the greatest benefit lies in developing the general
economy and improving the standard of living; the enthusiasm of the
masses must be built so they contribute much to the state.

With regard to culture, culture is as important to the ethnic minorities
as their daily meals. In production, in the making of food, clothing

and housing, in education, travel, ethics, esthetics, art, and song, in
one's dealings with others, and so forth, there are countless good and
beautiful things that are indispensable in everyday life! Our party
advocates the establishment and development of a "richly varied" socialist
culture of the ethnic minorities in the Vietnamese fatherland.

The excellent cultural traditions that have developed over the generations,
traditions that have resulted in the existence and development of the
ethnic minorities, must now be encouraged. We must be determined to
eliminate the harmful vestiges and bad customs that impede the progress

of the ethnic minorities to socialism. Habits which meet the needs of
everyday life, such as the making of food, housing, clothing, pillows

and mattresses, embroidery, the dyeing of cloth, and so forth must be
improved to be consistent with the development of socialist life and
reduce the amount of labor and money expended by the people.

Every effort must be made to develop the cultural and literary-art movement
of the masses. We must widely propagandize socialist cultural thinking.
We must rapidly wipe out the poisons of the vestiges of the colonial,
reactionary, bourgeois and feudal cultures. The state-operated cultural
and art units and the cinematography sector must be the main force units
in the establishment and development of socialist culture and art and
accelerate cultural exchanges among the fraternal ethnic minorities,
thereby strengthening ethnic minority unity.

We must upgrade educational activities to a new stage of development. We
must urgently wipe out illiteracy, especially in the highland areas and
newly liberated areas, We must take active steps to develop general and
supplementary education schools and classes so that the peoples of the
ethnic minorities achieve a Level II general school education within a
specific amount of time, We must build ethnic minority youth schools,
highland teenager and. children schools, supplementary education schools,
and so forth; these forms of education prepare ethnic minority students
very well for attending cadre training schools.

It is necessary to accelerate the use of the national language, both spoken
and written, and encourage the use of the mother tongue and tribal language

(if any), These are indispensable means in the exercise of socialist
collective ownership by the masses.

46



We suggest that the ministries, sectors, colleges and academies give their
attention to training cadres in order to provide the ethnic minorities
and the localities in the mountains with adequate cadres and provide the
various sectors and echelons with the cadres needed to support the
performance of their tasks in the mountains. We must establish special
schools for the mountain region, schools which have educational programs
suited to the realities and qualifications of ethnic minority students.
The opening of college preparatory classes and supplementary education
classes is very necessary in order to create the conditions for ethnic
minority students to enter formal schools. The guideline "closely linking
theory and practice” is very effective in the training of ethnic minority
cadres and, moreover, helps cadre training schools contribute to the
implementation of the nationalities policy and to scientific research.

It is suggested that the various echelons, sectors, ethnic minority
committees, organization agencies and governments on the various echelons
manage cadres well and utilize them correctly, give their attention to
providing them with training in theory, lines and policies, organize

the gaining of experience, create good working conditions for them and
give their attention to the material and spiritual lives of cadres so
that ethnic minority and mountain cadres are enthusiastic, make progress
and contribute much to the revolution.

Cadres are the nucleus of the unity of the people. We must strengthen
cadre unity, beginning with leadership cadres. We must help cadres
heighten their spirit of uniting with and loving one another, of respecting
one another, of humbly learning from and helping one another. We must
constantly uphold Marxist-Leninist thinking and stop and correct all
manifestations of large tribe superiority and narrow tribalism so that
every cadre is truly worthy of being a party member, a cadre of the
Gommunist Party of Vietnam.

The party is the decisive factor in every victory. Attention must be

given to building the party among the ethnic minorities. At places where
party organizations have been established, they must be strengthened and
consolidated. At places where party organizations have not been established,
cadres must be sent to propagandize, teach and organize the masses into

the mass organizations of youths, women, etc. Through organizing the masses
to perform tasks and carry out policies, we must teach outstanding persons
who meet the conditions for joining the party. We must help and guide
cadres outside the party work for the revolutionary line of the party and
train them in the thinking of the party so that they can become good

party members.

Our people have a tradition of unity in building and defending the country.
In its glorious historic mission, our party has led the ethnic majority
and the ethnic minorities in our country to victory after victory in the
revolution.

48



How can we carry out this task and meet this target? In broad terms,

we believe that we are fully capable of performing this task at an early
date. Because, we have land and manpower, The tens of millions of laborers,
primarily agricultural laborers, tens of millions of hectares of
agricultural land that have been or can be opened and the tens of millions
of hectares of forests comprise very large potentials. Moreover, today
the entire country is at peace, reunified and concentrating on one
strategic task, namely, developing the country. These are very basic
advantages, Therefore, if we coordinate and develop upon these basic
factors, we will surely cause our country's agriculture to undergo rapid
stages of development. Of course, we do face difficulties, some of which
are large difficulties. However, the problem lies in our method of
working and our determination to work,

Thai Binh has set for itself the task of achieving the target of producing
800,000 to 1 million tons of grain per year by 1980.

How can Thai Binh, a rice growing province which has little land and only
slightly more than 100,000 hectares of farmland, 80,000 hectaresof which
are used to raise rice, produce 1 million tons of grain per year? On
the basis of the realities of many years of production, the effort of
Thai Binh to achieve the target of 1 million tons of grain must be
coordinated in three directions:

--Increasing the amount of farmland and expanding the amount of area under
the cultivation of rice;

--Raising the level of intensive cultivation to increase rice yields;
--Expanding the amount of area under the cultivation of winter crops.

Generally speaking, all of the land in Thai Binh has been put into use.
The coefficient of cropland use is 2.03 times. Although the potential
for expanding the amount of area under cultivation in Thai Binh is not
very large it is not small either if the job is done properly.

To begin with, Thai Binh has the advantage of being a coastal lowland
Province. In coordination with planting trees to block sea waves so
that annual silt deposits reclaim more and more land from the sea,. we
are gradually building dikes to control the flow of sea water in order to
have more land. This is a very large potential,

In conjunction with developing coastal land, we will replan the distribution
of the population in order to have more land available. During the years
of the war, due to the growth of the population and poor planning
management, a situation developed wherein people, acting without authority,
dug ponds, went beyond property lines and occupied farmland. At present,
Thai Binh has nearly 10,000 population centers scatteredthroughout the
province which have posed many obstacles to the planning of production,

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