1

MEMORANDUM

TO: David Putney, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

FROM: David Green, RTI, International

DATE: November 4, 2011

SUBJECT: Draft Development of the RTR Emissions Dataset for the Primary Aluminum Reduction 

Source Category

The purpose of this memorandum is to document the technical approach and rationale used to assign 

hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions data for primary aluminum reduction facilities. This work is 

being performed pursuant to section 112(f) of the Clean Air Act as part of the residual risk assessment 

for facilities that are subject to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 

(NESHAP) for Primary Aluminum Reduction Plants (40 CFR part 63, subpart LL).

I. Source-Specific Emissions

Three main HAP are emitted from the Primary Aluminum Reduction source category: Polycyclic 

organic matter (POM), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and carbonyl sulfide (COS). POM is emitted from 

potlines, anode bake furnaces, paste production plants, and pitch storage tanks. HF is emitted from 

potlines and anode bake furnaces. COS is emitted from potlines. Potline emissions are divided between 

the primary emissions (i.e., the exhaust of the primary control system) and secondary emissions (i.e., the 

exhaust from the roof vents of the potrooms).

II. Compound Specific Emissions

POM is listed as a HAP compound group, however residual risk modeling requires that POM be 

allocated to specific organic compounds that are associated with compound-specific risk factors. No 

recent data are available on the specific compounds that compose POM emissions. POM emission 

factors for specific compounds have been estimated on the basis of speciation determined from testing 

of a limited number of aluminum plants in 1994, and applied to estimated individual POM compound 

emissions for modeling.

Total fluoride (TF) is a surrogate for HF, therefore risk modeling requires emissions estimates for HF. 

TF is made up of HF and particulate fluoride. Limited data are available on the relative contributions of 

these fractions. Test data suggest that typically about 50% of the TF is made up of HF, and this has been 

assumed in cases where there are no data for HF emissions.

III. Limitations of Data Availability

There are two main categories of potlines: prebake and Soderberg. Under the 1997 NESHAP, POM 

emissions are regulated from Soderberg potlines but not from prebake potlines. Thus, POM emissions 

from prebake potlines are not routinely measured. Prebake potlines are in use at 12 of the 14 primary 

aluminum reduction facilities, and 11 of the 12 currently operating facilities. POM emissions from paste 

production plants and new pitch storage tanks are regulated by equipment standards, but the 1997 

NESHAP does not require emissions testing and there are no current data on paste production plant or 

new pitch storage tank POM emissions.
2

COS emissions are not regulated under the 1997 NESHAP. Thus, COS emissions are not routinely 

measured and limited COS emissions test data exist.

In an effort to gather more information on emissions from the Primary Aluminum Reduction source 

category, an information collection request (ICR) was sent by the EPA to all operators of primary 

aluminum reduction plants in April, 2011. The associated responses were received in July, 2011.

IV. Collocated Sources

Most primary aluminum facilities (i.e., 10 of the 15 facilities subject to 40 CFR part 63, subpart LL) 

have collocated secondary aluminum production sources. These collocated sources were not included in 

the risk assessment for the Primary Aluminum Reduction source category. The upcoming risk and 

technology review project for the Secondary Aluminum Production source category will include residual 

risk modeling for primary aluminum reduction affected sources which are collocated at secondary 

aluminum production facilities.

V. Development of Emission Rates for Modeling

1. POM Emissions from Potlines

Estimates of speciated POM emissions from prebake potlines were developed using emission factors 

calculated from reports of two performance tests conducted at prebake plants in 1994. These emission 

factors were calculated from the average emission factor, in pounds HAP per ton aluminum produced 

from the two tests. In cases where the concentrations were below the detection limit for a specific 

compound, an emission rate was calculated based on one-half of the reported detection limit. The 

average emission factors were applied to the capacity of the plant in 2010 (as reported by the USGS, and 

corrected by the Aluminum Association). Estimated actual emissions from the outlet of the control 

device and the roof vents are given in Tables 1 and 2. The emission factors used in the calculation are 

shown in each table. Tables 1 and 2 reflect the total actual potline emissions for each facility. For 

modeling purposes, the emissions from the control device outlet were evenly divided between the 

associated stacks. The emissions from the roof vents were evenly divided between the associated roof 

vents. No attempt was made to proportion emissions to specific emission points in cases where plants 

had non-identical (length, number of pots, aluminum capacity) potlines. Since there is no POM emission 

limit for this affected source “allowable emissions” is not defined. After an analysis of data on primary 

aluminum production emissions gathered from the 2002 National Emissions Inventory (NEI), the 2005 

NEI, responses to the April, 2011 ICR referenced above, and other information gathered on the primary 

aluminum industry, allowable emissions for modeling purposes were developed by multiplying the 

estimated actual emissions by 1.5.

Estimates of speciated POM emissions from Soderberg potlines were developed using emission factors 

calculated from reports of two performance tests conducted at Soderberg plants in 1994. These emission 

factors were calculated from the average emission factor, in pounds HAP per ton aluminum produced 

from the two tests. In cases where specific concentrations were below the detection limit for a specific 

compound, an emission rate was calculated based on one-half of the reported detection limit. The 

average emission factors were applied to the capacity of the plant in 2010 (as reported by the USGS, and 

corrected by the Aluminum Association). Estimated actual emissions from the outlet of the control 

device and the roof vents are given in Tables 3 and 4. The emission factors used in the calculation are 

shown in each table. Tables 3 and 4 reflect the total actual potline emissions for each facility. For 
3

modeling purposes, the emissions from the control device outlet were evenly divided between the 

associated stacks. The emissions from the roof vents were evenly divided between the associated roof 

vents. No attempt was made to proportion emissions to specific emission points in cases where plants 

had non-identical (length, number of pots, aluminum capacity) potlines. Note that the Columbia Falls 

facility closed in 2009 and has not operated at capacity since 1999. Therefore, modeling was not 

performed for estimated actual emissions from the Columbia Falls facility. After an analysis of data on 

primary aluminum production emissions gathered from the 2002 NEI, the 2005 NEI, responses to the 

April, 2011 ICR referenced above, and other information gathered on the primary aluminum industry, 

allowable emissions for the Massena East plant for modeling purposes were developed by multiplying 

the estimated actual emissions by 1.5 and allowable emissions for the Columbia Falls plant for modeling 

purposes were developed by multiplying the estimated actual emissions by 1.9.

2. HF Emissions from Potlines and Anode Bake Furnaces

Allowable emissions of TF were calculated from the allowable emission limits for anode bake furnaces 

and for each potline type and assuming facility operation at capacity. In one case (Alumax of South 

Carolina, located in Mt. Holly, SC) a more stringent potline limit imposed by State regulations was 

applied. Allowable HF emissions were estimated to be 1⁄2 of the allowable TF emissions, unless data 

provided in the responses to the April, 2011 ICR indicated otherwise. The allowable HF emissions are 

summarized in Table 5. Actual HF emissions were obtained from information provided in response to 

the April, 2011 ICR, when available. When actual HF emission data were not available from an ICR 

response, those emissions were estimated to be two thirds of the allowable emissions. Actual and 

allowable potline HF emissions were split between control device stacks and roof vents in accordance 

with information provided in the responses to the April, 2011 ICR, when available. Where no 

information was available, all actual and allowable potline HF emissions were assigned to roof vents 

because of the high degree of control (estimated to be about 99%) achieved by the associated controls 

(typically dry alumina scrubbers with baghouses). Limited data from ICR responses are summarized in 

Table 6. For modeling purposes, the emissions from the control device outlet were evenly divided 

between the associated stacks. The emissions from the roof vents were evenly divided between the 

associated roof vents. No attempt was made to proportion emissions to specific emission points in cases 

where plants had non-identical (length, number of pots, aluminum capacity) potlines.

3. COS Emissions from Potlines

Emissions of COS are not regulated under the 1997 NESHAP. However, actual COS emissions were 

available for some plants in updates to the NEI while other plants reported COS emissions data in their 

response to the April, 2011 ICR or to other information requests from the EPA. Where no reported COS 

emissions data were available, actual COS emissions were estimated from the industry average emission 

factor of 2.85 pounds COS per ton of aluminum produced, which was calculated from the average of 

those plants for which data were available. Once again, since COS is not regulated under the 1997 

NESHAP, allowable emissions are not defined. Allowable emissions for modeling purposes were 

estimated to be equal to the actual emissions. COS emissions were assumed to be emitted from the 

control device stack reflecting the fact that COS is not controlled by the associated potline controls 

(typically dry alumina scrubbers with baghouses) and that the potline fume capture system captures most 

(typically reported in excess of 95%) of the exhaust from the potlines. For modeling purposes, the 

emissions from the control device outlet were evenly divided between the associated stacks. Estimated 

COS emissions used in modeling are shown in Table 7.
4

4. POM Emissions from Anode Bake Furnaces

No recent compound specific data are available for POM emissions from anode bake furnaces.

Estimates of speciated POM emissions from anode bake furnaces were developed using emission factors 

calculated from reports of two performance tests conducted at prebake plants in 1994. These emission 

factors were calculated from the average emission factor, in pounds HAP per ton aluminum produced 

from the two tests. In cases where specific concentrations were below the detection limit for a specific 

compound, an emission rate was calculated based on one-half of the reported detection limit. The 

average emission factors were applied to the production capacity of the plant in 2010 (as reported by the 

USGS, and corrected by the Aluminum Association) to estimate actual anode bake furnace POM 

emissions. The emission factors used for calculation of actual emissions and the estimated actual 

emissions are summarized in Table 8. Once again, based on an analysis of available data, allowable 

anode bake furnace POM emissions were developed by multiplying the estimated actual emissions by 

1.5 for modeling purposes.

5. POM Emissions from Paste Production Plants

Estimates of actual POM emissions from paste production plants were based on emission factors cited in 

"Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Polycyclic Organic Matter," EPA-454/R-98-

014 (July 1998). The emission factors, which assume control by a dry coke scrubber, and the paste 

production actual emissions estimates are summarized in Table 9. These emissions estimates are based 

on 2010 aluminum production capacity in tons (as reported by the USGS, and corrected by the 

Aluminum Association), multiplied by an industry average factor of 0.57 tons of paste consumed per ton 

of aluminum produced, multiplied by the emission factors referenced above. Once again, based on an 

analysis of available data, allowable POM emissions were developed by multiplying estimated actual 

emissions by 1.5.

6. POM Emissions from Pitch Storage Tanks

There are no data available on POM emissions from pitch storage tanks. Actual pitch storage tank 

emissions were estimated based on the following assumptions: 1) a factor of 0.57 tons of green anode 

per ton of aluminum produced (the industry average value provided by The Aluminum Association); 2)

that 22% of anode paste is pitch (the industry average value provided by The Aluminum Association); 

3) a calculated vapor pressure of oxidized asphalt at 300 degrees Fahrenheit (assumed to approximate 

pitch at that temperature, based on available data) of 0.0034 atmospheres (0.34 percent); 4) that 35% of 

the organic vapors are HAPs (an estimate based on available data); 5) the organic HAP profile is similar 

to that at the inlet to the primary control device for a Soderberg potline (specifically, as determined from 

testing conducted at the Kaiser-Tacoma Soderberg facility); and 6) the volume of exhaust emitted from 

the pitch storage tank is equal to the volume of pitch pumped into the tank. Estimates of pitch 

consumption and actual HAP emissions are listed in Table 10. Estimates of actual compound-specific 

POM are listed in Table 11. Allowable pitch storage tank emissions were assumed to be equal to 

estimated actual pitch storage tank emissions.

VI. QA/QC

Facilities were asked to provide stack and fugitive parameters and locations for potline stacks, potline 

roof vents and anode bake furnaces. Potline stack locations and roof vent dimensions were visually 

reviewed using Google Earth. Locations of paste production plants, and pitch storage tanks were 

estimated based on aerial views from Google Earth. Adjustments were made for coordinates based on 
5

these visual evaluations. Potline roof vent lengths, areas and orientations were plotted in Google Earth 

and corrected as necessary. Where stack parameters were provided by facilities these were used for 

modeling. When stack parameters were unavailable, default values from the NEI were used for 

modeling. Actual emissions rates were estimated from production based emission factors at rated 

capacity of the plant. This provided a conservative overestimate of actual emissions in most cases.

Allowable emission rates from potlines and anode bake furnaces were generally estimated at 1.5 times 

actual emissions which recognizes that annual average emissions must be maintained below the 

associated emission limits to ensure that actual emissions to not exceed the emission limit at any time.

VII. Emission Process Groups

Emissions within the primary aluminum MACT source category were assigned to one of 5 distinct types 

of emission process groups. No emissions from different sources were combined for discharge through a 

common stack or vent. Emissions were assigned to the following process groups:

Emission Process Group Source Classification Code Emission Type

Potroom (control device) outlet 30300199 Stack

Potroom (roof monitor) vent 30300107 Area

Anode bake furnace 30300105 Stack

Paste plant 30300199 Stack

Pitch storage tank 30300104 Stack

References

1. Emissions Measurement Test Report - Northwest Aluminum Company. Prepared by Entropy, 

Inc. June 1994. 77 p.

2. Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation Method 5/POM and 13B Testing - Tacoma, 

Washington - March 1-8, 1994. Prepared by AmTest Air Quality, Inc. July 29, 1994. pp. 1 

through 47. [Also draft test data for October 1994.]

3. Noranda Aluminum Inc. Method 5/POM and 13B Testing - New Madrid, Missouri - September 

14-20, 1994. Prepared by AmTest Air Quality, Inc. January 10, 1994. pp. 1 through 62.

4. Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation Method 5/POM and 13B Testing - Mead, 

Washington - March 15-24, 1994. Prepared by AmTest Air Quality, Inc. November 9, 1994. 

pp. 1 through 99.

5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of 

Polycyclic Organic Matter. EPA-454/R-98-014. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 

Research Triangle Park, NC. 1998.
6

Note: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where: Ei,a = Actual prebake potline emissions of compound “i” (ton/year);

EFi = Emission factor of compound “i” (lb/ton Al); and

C = Plant aluminum production capacity (ton Al/year)

Table 1. Estimated Actual Emissions From Control Device Outlet at Prebake Potlines 

Species Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene

Benzo(a) 

anthracene 

Benzo(a) 

pyrene 

Benzo(b) 

fluoranthene 

Benzo(g,h, i) 

perylene 

Benzo(k) 

fluoranthene Carbazole 

2-chloro 

naphthalene Chrysene 

Dibenzo (a,h) 

anthracene Fluoranthene Fluorene 

Indeno 

(1,2,3,cd) 

pyrene 

2-methyl 

naphthalene Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene Retene Dibenzofuran

Emission 

Factor (lb/ton) 1.0E-05 1.0E-05 1.0E-05 6.9E-05 7.5E-06 5.7E-05 1.0E-05 2.0E-05 1.3E-05 1.0E-05 1.9E-04 7.5E-06 9.9E-05 2.0E-05 1.0E-05 3.0E-05 2.0E-05 2.7E-04 1.7E-04 1.0E-05 0.0E+00

Type

Aluminum 

Capacity 

(tons)

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Alcan Aluminum Corp. Sebree KY CWPB1 216,051 1.1E-03 1.1E-03 1.1E-03 7.5E-03 8.1E-04 6.1E-03 1.1E-03 2.2E-03 1.4E-03 1.1E-03 2.1E-02 8.1E-04 1.1E-02 2.2E-03 1.1E-03 3.2E-03 2.2E-03 2.9E-02 1.8E-02 1.1E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Evansville (Warrick) IN CWPB1 340,611 1.7E-03 1.7E-03 1.7E-03 1.2E-02 1.3E-03 9.6E-03 1.7E-03 3.4E-03 2.1E-03 1.7E-03 3.3E-02 1.3E-03 1.7E-02 3.4E-03 1.7E-03 5.1E-03 3.4E-03 4.6E-02 2.9E-02 1.7E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa (West) Massena NY CWPB1 143,299 7.2E-04 7.2E-04 7.2E-04 4.9E-03 5.4E-04 4.0E-03 7.2E-04 1.4E-03 9.0E-04 7.2E-04 1.4E-02 5.4E-04 7.1E-03 1.4E-03 7.2E-04 2.1E-03 1.4E-03 1.9E-02 1.2E-02 7.2E-04 0.0E+00

Alcoa Mount Holly SC CWPB1 246,918 1.2E-03 1.2E-03 1.2E-03 8.5E-03 9.3E-04 7.0E-03 1.2E-03 2.5E-03 1.5E-03 1.2E-03 2.4E-02 9.3E-04 1.2E-02 2.5E-03 1.2E-03 3.7E-03 2.5E-03 3.3E-02 2.1E-02 1.2E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Alcoa TN CWPB1 236,997 1.2E-03 1.2E-03 1.2E-03 8.2E-03 8.9E-04 6.7E-03 1.2E-03 2.4E-03 1.5E-03 1.2E-03 2.3E-02 8.9E-04 1.2E-02 2.4E-03 1.2E-03 3.6E-03 2.4E-03 3.2E-02 2.0E-02 1.2E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Rockdale TX CWPB2 294,317 1.5E-03 1.5E-03 1.5E-03 1.0E-02 1.1E-03 8.3E-03 1.5E-03 2.9E-03 1.8E-03 1.5E-03 2.8E-02 1.1E-03 1.4E-02 2.9E-03 1.5E-03 4.4E-03 2.9E-03 4.0E-02 2.5E-02 1.5E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa (Intalco) Ferndale W A SWPB1 202,825 1.0E-03 1.0E-03 1.0E-03 7.0E-03 7.6E-04 5.7E-03 1.0E-03 2.0E-03 1.3E-03 1.0E-03 1.9E-02 7.6E-04 1.0E-02 2.0E-03 1.0E-03 3.0E-03 2.0E-03 2.7E-02 1.7E-02 1.0E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Wenatchee W A CWPB1 202,825 1.0E-03 1.0E-03 1.0E-03 7.0E-03 7.6E-04 5.7E-03 1.0E-03 2.0E-03 1.3E-03 1.0E-03 1.9E-02 7.6E-04 1.0E-02 2.0E-03 1.0E-03 3.0E-03 2.0E-03 2.7E-02 1.7E-02 1.0E-03 0.0E+00

Century Aluminum Co. Hawesville KY CWPB3 268,964 1.3E-03 1.3E-03 1.3E-03 9.3E-03 1.0E-03 7.6E-03 1.3E-03 2.7E-03 1.7E-03 1.3E-03 2.6E-02 1.0E-03 1.3E-02 2.7E-03 1.3E-03 4.0E-03 2.7E-03 3.6E-02 2.3E-02 1.3E-03 0.0E+00

Century Aluminum Co. Ravenswood W V CWPB2 187,393 9.4E-04 9.4E-04 9.4E-04 6.5E-03 7.0E-04 5.3E-03 9.4E-04 1.9E-03 1.2E-03 9.4E-04 1.8E-02 7.0E-04 9.2E-03 1.9E-03 9.4E-04 2.8E-03 1.9E-03 2.5E-02 1.6E-02 9.4E-04 0.0E+00

Noranda Aluminum Inc. New Madrid M O CWPB1 275,600 1.4E-03 1.4E-03 1.4E-03 9.5E-03 1.0E-03 7.8E-03 1.4E-03 2.8E-03 1.7E-03 1.4E-03 2.6E-02 1.0E-03 1.4E-02 2.8E-03 1.4E-03 4.1E-03 2.8E-03 3.7E-02 2.3E-02 1.4E-03 0.0E+00

Ormet Primary Aluminum Corp. Hannibal OH CWPB2 292,112 1.5E-03 1.5E-03 1.5E-03 1.0E-02 1.1E-03 8.3E-03 1.5E-03 2.9E-03 1.8E-03 1.5E-03 2.8E-02 1.1E-03 1.4E-02 2.9E-03 1.5E-03 4.4E-03 2.9E-03 3.9E-02 2.5E-02 1.5E-03 0.0E+00

Table 2. Estimated Actual Emissions From Roof Vents at Prebake Potlines 

Species Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene

Benzo(a) 

anthracene 

Benzo(a) 

pyrene 

Benzo(b) 

fluoranthene 

Benzo(g,h, i) 

perylene 

Benzo(k) 

fluoranthene Carbazole 

2-chloro 

naphthalene Chrysene 

Dibenzo (a,h) 

anthracene Fluoranthene Fluorene 

Indeno 

(1,2,3,cd) 

pyrene 

2-methyl 

naphthalene Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene Retene Dibenzofuran

Emission 

Factor (lb/ton) 4.4E-05 4.4E-05 4.4E-05 4.4E-05 4.4E-05 6.9E-05 2.2E-05 2.7E-05 5.8E-05 5.0E-05 3.0E-04 5.0E-05 3.0E-03 2.0E-05 1.0E-05 2.0E-04 1.0E-04 1.0E-03 1.0E-03 5.0E-05 0.0E+00

Type

Aluminum 

Capacity 

(tons)

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof 

Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Alcan Aluminum Corp. Sebree KY CWPB1 216,051 4.8E-03 4.8E-03 4.8E-03 4.8E-03 4.8E-03 7.5E-03 2.3E-03 2.9E-03 6.3E-03 5.4E-03 3.2E-02 5.4E-03 3.2E-01 2.2E-03 1.1E-03 2.2E-02 1.1E-02 1.1E-01 1.1E-01 5.4E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Evansville (Warrick) IN CWPB1 340,611 7.5E-03 7.5E-03 7.5E-03 7.5E-03 7.5E-03 1.2E-02 3.7E-03 4.6E-03 9.9E-03 8.5E-03 5.1E-02 8.5E-03 5.1E-01 3.4E-03 1.7E-03 3.4E-02 1.7E-02 1.7E-01 1.7E-01 8.5E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa (West) Massena NY CWPB1 143,299 3.2E-03 3.2E-03 3.2E-03 3.2E-03 3.2E-03 5.0E-03 1.6E-03 1.9E-03 4.2E-03 3.6E-03 2.1E-02 3.6E-03 2.1E-01 1.4E-03 7.2E-04 1.4E-02 7.2E-03 7.2E-02 7.2E-02 3.6E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Mount Holly SC CWPB1 246,918 5.5E-03 5.5E-03 5.5E-03 5.5E-03 5.5E-03 8.5E-03 2.7E-03 3.3E-03 7.2E-03 6.2E-03 3.7E-02 6.2E-03 3.7E-01 2.5E-03 1.2E-03 2.5E-02 1.2E-02 1.2E-01 1.2E-01 6.2E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Alcoa TN CWPB1 236,997 5.2E-03 5.2E-03 5.2E-03 5.2E-03 5.2E-03 8.2E-03 2.6E-03 3.2E-03 6.9E-03 5.9E-03 3.6E-02 5.9E-03 3.6E-01 2.4E-03 1.2E-03 2.4E-02 1.2E-02 1.2E-01 1.2E-01 5.9E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Rockdale TX CWPB2 294,317 6.5E-03 6.5E-03 6.5E-03 6.5E-03 6.5E-03 1.0E-02 3.2E-03 3.9E-03 8.5E-03 7.4E-03 4.4E-02 7.4E-03 4.4E-01 2.9E-03 1.5E-03 2.9E-02 1.5E-02 1.5E-01 1.5E-01 7.4E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa (Intalco) Ferndale W A SWPB1 202,825 4.5E-03 4.5E-03 4.5E-03 4.5E-03 4.5E-03 7.0E-03 2.2E-03 2.7E-03 5.9E-03 5.1E-03 3.0E-02 5.1E-03 3.0E-01 2.0E-03 1.0E-03 2.0E-02 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E-01 5.1E-03 0.0E+00

Alcoa Wenatchee W A CWPB1 202,825 4.5E-03 4.5E-03 4.5E-03 4.5E-03 4.5E-03 7.0E-03 2.2E-03 2.7E-03 5.9E-03 5.1E-03 3.0E-02 5.1E-03 3.0E-01 2.0E-03 1.0E-03 2.0E-02 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E-01 5.1E-03 0.0E+00

Century Aluminum Co. Hawesville KY CWPB3 268,964 6.0E-03 6.0E-03 6.0E-03 6.0E-03 6.0E-03 9.3E-03 2.9E-03 3.6E-03 7.8E-03 6.7E-03 4.0E-02 6.7E-03 4.0E-01 2.7E-03 1.3E-03 2.7E-02 1.3E-02 1.3E-01 1.3E-01 6.7E-03 0.0E+00

Century Aluminum Co. Ravenswood W V CWPB2 187,393 4.1E-03 4.1E-03 4.1E-03 4.1E-03 4.1E-03 6.5E-03 2.0E-03 2.5E-03 5.4E-03 4.7E-03 2.8E-02 4.7E-03 2.8E-01 1.9E-03 9.4E-04 1.9E-02 9.4E-03 9.4E-02 9.4E-02 4.7E-03 0.0E+00

Noranda Aluminum Inc. New Madrid M O CWPB1 275,600 6.1E-03 6.1E-03 6.1E-03 6.1E-03 6.1E-03 9.5E-03 3.0E-03 3.7E-03 8.0E-03 6.9E-03 4.1E-02 6.9E-03 4.1E-01 2.8E-03 1.4E-03 2.8E-02 1.4E-02 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 6.9E-03 0.0E+00

Ormet Primary Aluminum Corp. Hannibal OH CWPB2 292,112 6.5E-03 6.5E-03 6.5E-03 6.5E-03 6.5E-03 1.0E-02 3.2E-03 3.9E-03 8.5E-03 7.3E-03 4.4E-02 7.3E-03 4.4E-01 2.9E-03 1.5E-03 2.9E-02 1.5E-02 1.5E-01 1.5E-01 7.3E-03 0.0E+00
7

Note: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where: Ei,a = Actual Soderberg potline emissions of compound “i” (ton/year);

EFi = Emission factor of compound “i” (lb/ton Al); and

C = Plant aluminum production capacity (ton Al/year)

Table 3. Estimated Actual Emissions from Control Device Outlet at Soderberg Plants

Species Acenapthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene

Benzo(a) 

anthracene 

Benzo(a) 

pyrene 

Benzo(b) 

fluoranthene 

Benzo(g,h, 

i)perylene 

Benzo(k) 

fluoranthene Carbazole 

2-chloro 

naphthalene Chrysene 

Dibenzo (a,h) 

anthracene Fluoranthene Fluorene 

Indeno 

(1,2,3,cd) 

pyrene 

2-methyl 

naphthalene Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene Retene Dibenzofuran

Benzo(e) 

pyrene Perylene

Type

Emission 

Factor (lb/ton) 5.0E-04 5.2E-05 2.0E-03 2.0E-04 5.2E-05 1.6E-04 5.2E-05 5.2E-05 1.0E-03 1.3E-05 5.1E-04 1.2E-05 1.8E-02 1.5E-02 5.2E-05 5.0E-04 1.1E-04 1.6E-01 1.4E-02 2.0E-05 4.6E-06 4.2E-06

Aluminum 

Capacity 

(tons)

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Dry 

Scrubber 

Outlet 

Emissions, 

ton/yr

Alcoa (East) Massena NY HSS 143,299 3.6E-02 3.7E-03 1.4E-01 1.5E-02 3.7E-03 1.1E-02 3.8E-03 3.7E-03 7.2E-02 9.1E-04 3.7E-02 8.8E-04 1.3E+00 1.0E+00 3.7E-03 3.6E-02 8.1E-03 1.1E+01 1.0E+00 1.4E-03 0.0E+00 3.3E-04 3.0E-04

Columbia Falls Columbia Falls M T VSS 185,188 4.7E-02 4.8E-03 1.9E-01 1.9E-02 4.8E-03 1.4E-02 4.8E-03 4.8E-03 9.3E-02 1.2E-03 4.7E-02 1.1E-03 1.6E+00 1.3E+00 4.8E-03 4.7E-02 1.1E-02 1.5E+01 1.3E+00 1.9E-03 0.0E+00 4.3E-04 3.9E-04

Table 4. Estimated Actual Emissions from Roof Vents at Soderberg Plants

Species Acenapthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene

Benzo(a) 

anthracene 

Benzo(a) 

pyrene 

Benzo(b) 

fluoranthene 

Benzo(g,h, 

i)perylene 

Benzo(k) 

fluoranthene Carbazole 

2-chloro 

naphthalene Chrysene 

Dibenzo (a,h) 

anthracene Fluoranthene Fluorene 

Indeno 

(1,2,3,cd) 

pyrene 

2-methyl 

naphthalene Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene Retene Dibenzofuran

Benzo(e) 

pyrene Perylene

Emission 

Factor (lb/ton) 6.9E-04 2.9E-04 1.1E-02 1.2E-02 7.5E-03 2.1E-02 5.5E-03 6.0E-03 2.5E-03 4.9E-04 3.3E-02 2.0E-03 8.4E-02 2.5E-03 4.6E-03 4.6E-04 5.9E-04 6.9E-02 6.6E-02 7.5E-05 1.3E-02 3.1E-03

Aluminum 

Capacity 

(tons)

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Roof Monitor 

Emissions 

ton/yr

Alcoa (East) Massena NY HSS 143,299 4.9E-02 2.1E-02 7.5E-01 8.2E-01 5.4E-01 1.5E+00 3.9E-01 4.3E-01 1.8E-01 3.5E-02 2.4E+00 1.4E-01 6.0E+00 1.8E-01 3.3E-01 3.3E-02 4.2E-02 4.9E+00 4.7E+00 5.4E-03 0.0E+00 9.3E-01 2.2E-01

Columbia Falls Columbia Falls M T VSS 185,188 6.4E-02 2.7E-02 9.7E-01 1.1E+00 6.9E-01 1.9E+00 5.1E-01 5.5E-01 2.3E-01 4.5E-02 3.1E+00 1.9E-01 7.7E+00 2.3E-01 4.2E-01 4.3E-02 5.4E-02 6.4E+00 6.1E+00 6.9E-03 0.0E+00 1.2E+00 2.9E-01
8

Table 5: Allowable HF emissions

Facility Name

Potline TF 

Limits

(lb/ton)

Allowable HF Emissions

Potline

(ton/year)

Bake Furnace

(ton/year)

Total

(ton/year)

Rio Tinto Alcan 1.9 136.55 8.19 144.74

Alcoa – Warrick Operations 1.9 215.27 12.92 228.19

Reynolds Metal Company

(aka Alcoa – Massena East) 2.7 101.36 0.00 101.36

Alcoa – Massena Operations 1.9 87.08 5.23 92.31

Alumax of South Carolina

(aka Alcoa – Mt. Holly) 1.02 87.09 9.73 96.82

Alcoa – South Plant 1.9 149.78 8.99 158.77

Alcoa – Rockdale Operations 3.0 293.70 11.16 304.86

Intalco Aluminum 1.6 163.09 11.62 174.71

Alcoa – Wenatchee Works 1.9 128.19 7.69 135.88

Century Aluminum of KY 2.5 223.67 10.20 233.87

Century Aluminum of WV 3.0 187.00 7.11 194.11

Columbia Falls Aluminum 2.7 212.85 0.00 212.85

Noranda Aluminum 1.9 174.17 10.45 184.62

Ormet Primary Aluminum 3.0 291.50 11.08 302.58

Lake Charles Carbon

(Alcoa anode plant) Not applicable 0.00 10.00 10.00

Notes: TF = Total fluoride (i.e., hydrogen fluoride + particulate fluoride); HF = Hydrogen fluoride

N/A = Not available (no data was provided via the ICR response)

The Alumax of South Carolina potline TF limit is a state limit (i.e., not a MACT limit)

The Columbia Falls and Reynolds Metal facilities are Soderberg facilities and do not have bake furnaces. 

The Lake Charles Carbon facility is an anode production plant and does not have any potlines.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where: Ea,p = Allowable HF potline emissions (ton/year);

ELp = Potline emission limit (lb TF/ton Al); and

C = Plant aluminum production capacity (ton/year)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where: Ea,bf = Allowable HF bake furnace emissions (ton/year);

ELbf = Bake furnace emission limit (lb TF/ton anode); and

C = Plant aluminum production capacity (ton/year)
9

Table 6: Actual HF emissions from ICRs

Facility Name

Potline TF

Limits

(lb/ton)

Actual HF Emissions

Stack

(ton/year)

Vent

(ton/year)

Bake Furnace

(ton/year)

Alcoa – Warrick Operations 1.9 7.5 17.6 N/A

Alcoa – Massena Operations 1.9 N/A 6.1 N/A

Alumax of South Carolina

(aka Alcoa – Mt. Holly) 1.02 N/A 74.1 N/A

Alcoa – South Plant 1.9 107 169 N/A

Alcoa – Rockdale Operations 3.0 N/A 220.7 8.3

Intalco Aluminum 1.6 N/A 27.2 N/A

Columbia Falls Aluminum 2.7 N/A 77.2 0.0

Noranda Aluminum 1.9 3.7 89.3 N/A

Ormet Primary Aluminum 3.0 8.7 238.0 N/A

Notes: TF = Total fluoride (i.e., hydrogen fluoride + particulate fluoride)

HF = Hydrogen fluoride

N/A = Not available (no data was provided via the ICR response)

The Alumax of South Carolina potline TF limit is a state limit (i.e., not a MACT limit)

The Columbia Falls Aluminum facility is a Soderberg facility and does not have a bake furnace
10

Table 7: Carbonyl sulfide actual emissions

Facility Name

Production 

Capacity

(tons Al/year)

Reported COS 

Emissions

(tons/year)

Estimated COS 

Emissions 1

(tons/year)

Reported COS 

Emissions 

(lb/ton Al)

Rio Tinto Alcan 216,100 308

Alcoa – Warrick Operations 340,600 485

Reynolds Metal Company

(aka Alcoa – Massena East) 137,800 285 4.14

Alcoa – Massena Operations 143,300 140 1.96

Alumax of South Carolina

(aka Alcoa – Mt. Holly) 246,900 522 4.23

Alcoa – South Plant 237,000 396 3.34

Alcoa – Rockdale Operations 294,300 281 1.91

Intalco Aluminum 306,400 437

Alcoa – Wenatchee Works 202,800 298 2.94

Century Aluminum of KY 269,000 383

Century Aluminum of WV 187,400 267

Columbia Falls Aluminum 185,200 264

Noranda Aluminum 325,000 463

Ormet Primary Aluminum 292,100 210 1.44

Lake Charles Carbon

(Alcoa anode plant) 0

Total 3,383,900

Average 2.85

1

Estimated COS emissions based on average emission factor, as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where: ECOS = Potline COS emissions (ton/year); and

C = Plant aluminum production capacity (ton/year)
11

Table 8: Estimated actual POM emissions from anode bake furnaces 1 Facility Name Rio Tinto Alcan Alcoa – Warrick Operations Alcoa – Massena Operations Alumax of South Carolina Alcoa – South Plant Alcoa – Rockdale 

OperationsIntalco AluminumAlcoa – Wenatchee WorksCentury Al of KentuckyCentury Al of West 

Virginia

Noranda AluminumOrmet Primary AluminumLake Charles Carbon

Bake furnace capacity (tons/year) 123,149 194,148 160,219 140,742 135,087 167,759 174,670 115,609 153,308 106,813 185,300 166,502 150,000

Compound EFi Estimated actual emissions at capacity (Ei,bf) (lb/year)

2-Chloronaphthalene 1.70E-06 1.05E-04 1.65E-04 1.36E-04 1.20E-04 1.15E-04 1.43E-04 1.48E-04 9.83E-05 1.30E-04 9.08E-05 1.58E-04 1.42E-04 1.28E-04

2-Methylnaphthalene 5.95E-06 3.66E-04 5.78E-04 4.77E-04 4.19E-04 4.02E-04 4.99E-04 5.20E-04 3.44E-04 4.56E-04 3.18E-04 5.51E-04 4.95E-04 4.46E-04

Acenaphthene 3.45E-06 2.12E-04 3.35E-04 2.76E-04 2.43E-04 2.33E-04 2.89E-04 3.01E-04 1.99E-04 2.64E-04 1.84E-04 3.20E-04 2.87E-04 2.59E-04

Acenaphthylene 5.95E-06 3.66E-04 5.78E-04 4.77E-04 4.19E-04 4.02E-04 4.99E-04 5.20E-04 3.44E-04 4.56E-04 3.18E-04 5.51E-04 4.95E-04 4.46E-04

Anthracene 2.98E-05 1.83E-03 2.89E-03 2.38E-03 2.09E-03 2.01E-03 2.50E-03 2.60E-03 1.72E-03 2.28E-03 1.59E-03 2.76E-03 2.48E-03 2.23E-03

Benz[a]Anthracene 5.75E-05 3.54E-03 5.58E-03 4.61E-03 4.05E-03 3.88E-03 4.82E-03 5.02E-03 3.32E-03 4.41E-03 3.07E-03 5.33E-03 4.79E-03 4.31E-03

Benzo[a]Pyrene 5.80E-05 3.57E-03 5.63E-03 4.65E-03 4.08E-03 3.92E-03 4.87E-03 5.07E-03 3.35E-03 4.45E-03 3.10E-03 5.37E-03 4.83E-03 4.35E-03

Benzo[b]Fluoranthene 5.42E-04 3.34E-02 5.26E-02 4.34E-02 3.81E-02 3.66E-02 4.55E-02 4.73E-02 3.13E-02 4.15E-02 2.89E-02 5.02E-02 4.51E-02 4.07E-02

Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene 5.10E-04 3.14E-02 4.95E-02 4.09E-02 3.59E-02 3.44E-02 4.28E-02 4.45E-02 2.95E-02 3.91E-02 2.72E-02 4.73E-02 4.25E-02 3.83E-02

Benzo[k]Fluoranthene 1.12E-04 6.90E-03 1.09E-02 8.97E-03 7.88E-03 7.56E-03 9.39E-03 9.78E-03 6.47E-03 8.59E-03 5.98E-03 1.04E-02 9.32E-03 8.40E-03

Carbazole 2.20E-05 1.35E-03 2.14E-03 1.76E-03 1.55E-03 1.49E-03 1.85E-03 1.92E-03 1.27E-03 1.69E-03 1.17E-03 2.04E-03 1.83E-03 1.65E-03

Chrysene 5.60E-04 3.45E-02 5.44E-02 4.49E-02 3.94E-02 3.78E-02 4.70E-02 4.89E-02 3.24E-02 4.29E-02 2.99E-02 5.19E-02 4.66E-02 4.20E-02

Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene 5.36E-05 3.30E-03 5.20E-03 4.29E-03 3.77E-03 3.62E-03 4.50E-03 4.68E-03 3.10E-03 4.11E-03 2.86E-03 4.97E-03 4.46E-03 4.02E-03

Fluoranthene 3.75E-03 2.31E-01 3.64E-01 3.00E-01 2.64E-01 2.53E-01 3.15E-01 3.28E-01 2.17E-01 2.87E-01 2.00E-01 3.47E-01 3.12E-01 2.81E-01

Fluorene 5.44E-04 3.35E-02 5.28E-02 4.36E-02 3.83E-02 3.67E-02 4.56E-02 4.75E-02 3.14E-02 4.17E-02 2.91E-02 5.04E-02 4.53E-02 4.08E-02

Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene 2.12E-04 1.31E-02 2.06E-02 1.70E-02 1.49E-02 1.43E-02 1.78E-02 1.85E-02 1.23E-02 1.63E-02 1.13E-02 1.96E-02 1.76E-02 1.59E-02

Naphthalene 1.39E-05 8.56E-04 1.35E-03 1.11E-03 9.78E-04 9.39E-04 1.17E-03 1.21E-03 8.03E-04 1.07E-03 7.42E-04 1.29E-03 1.16E-03 1.04E-03

Phenanthrene 1.49E-02 9.17E-01 1.45E+00 1.19E+00 1.05E+00 1.01E+00 1.25E+00 1.30E+00 8.61E-01 1.14E+00 7.96E-01 1.38E+00 1.24E+00 1.12E+00

Pyrene 6.80E-04 4.19E-02 6.60E-02 5.45E-02 4.79E-02 4.59E-02 5.70E-02 5.94E-02 3.93E-02 5.21E-02 3.63E-02 6.30E-02 5.66E-02 5.10E-02

Retene 1.90E-06 1.17E-04 1.84E-04 1.52E-04 1.34E-04 1.28E-04 1.59E-04 1.66E-04 1.10E-04 1.46E-04 1.01E-04 1.76E-04 1.58E-04 1.43E-04

1 These data were converted to tons per year for modeling

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where: Ei,bf = Actual bake furnace emission of compound “i” (lb/year);

EFi = Emission factor for compound “i” from testing at prebake plants (lb/ton green anode); and

C = Bake furnace capacity (ton green anode/year)
12

Table 9. Estimated actual emissions from paste production plants Facility Name Rio Tinto Alcan Alcoa – Warrick Operations Alcoa – Massena Operations Alumax of South Carolina Alcoa – South Plant

Alcoa – Rockdale OperationsIntalco AluminumAlcoa – Wenatchee WorksCentury Al of KentuckyCentury Al of West 

Virginia

Columbia Falls Al.Noranda AluminumOrmet Primary AluminumLake Charles Carbon

Paste Plant Capacity (tons/year) 122,892 193,743 162,473 146,006 134,805 167,409 174,306 115,368 152,988 106,590 184,781 156,750 166,155 150,000

Compound EFi Estimated actual emissions at capacity (Ei,pp) (ton/year)

Acenapthene 1.02E-03 6.27E-02 9.88E-02 8.29E-02 7.45E-02 6.88E-02 8.54E-02 8.89E-02 5.88E-02 7.80E-02 5.44E-02 9.42E-02 7.99E-02 8.47E-02 7.65E-02

Acenaphthylene 1.02E-05 6.27E-04 9.88E-04 8.29E-04 7.45E-04 6.88E-04 8.54E-04 8.89E-04 5.88E-04 7.80E-04 5.44E-04 9.42E-04 7.99E-04 8.47E-04 7.65E-04

Anthracene 2.55E-04 1.57E-02 2.47E-02 2.07E-02 1.86E-02 1.72E-02 2.13E-02 2.22E-02 1.47E-02 1.95E-02 1.36E-02 2.36E-02 2.00E-02 2.12E-02 1.91E-02

Benzo(a)anthracene 1.55E-05 9.52E-04 1.50E-03 1.26E-03 1.13E-03 1.04E-03 1.30E-03 1.35E-03 8.94E-04 1.19E-03 8.26E-04 1.43E-03 1.21E-03 1.29E-03 1.16E-03

Benzo(a)pyrene 8.10E-07 4.98E-05 7.85E-05 6.58E-05 5.91E-05 5.46E-05 6.78E-05 7.06E-05 4.67E-05 6.20E-05 4.32E-05 7.48E-05 6.35E-05 6.73E-05 6.08E-05

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 1.47E-06 9.03E-05 1.42E-04 1.19E-04 1.07E-04 9.91E-05 1.23E-04 1.28E-04 8.48E-05 1.12E-04 7.83E-05 1.36E-04 1.15E-04 1.22E-04 1.10E-04

Benzo(g,h, i)perylene 2.48E-07 1.52E-05 2.40E-05 2.01E-05 1.81E-05 1.67E-05 2.08E-05 2.16E-05 1.43E-05 1.90E-05 1.32E-05 2.29E-05 1.94E-05 2.06E-05 1.86E-05

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 7.95E-07 4.88E-05 7.70E-05 6.46E-05 5.80E-05 5.36E-05 6.65E-05 6.93E-05 4.59E-05 6.08E-05 4.24E-05 7.35E-05 6.23E-05 6.60E-05 5.96E-05

Carbazole 1.00E-04 6.14E-03 9.69E-03 8.12E-03 7.30E-03 6.74E-03 8.37E-03 8.72E-03 5.77E-03 7.65E-03 5.33E-03 9.24E-03 7.84E-03 8.31E-03 7.50E-03

Chrysene 1.08E-05 6.64E-04 1.05E-03 8.77E-04 7.88E-04 7.28E-04 9.04E-04 9.41E-04 6.23E-04 8.26E-04 5.76E-04 9.98E-04 8.46E-04 8.97E-04 8.10E-04

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 3.53E-07 2.17E-05 3.42E-05 2.87E-05 2.58E-05 2.38E-05 2.95E-05 3.08E-05 2.04E-05 2.70E-05 1.88E-05 3.26E-05 2.77E-05 2.93E-05 2.65E-05

Fluoranthene 5.26E-04 3.23E-02 5.10E-02 4.27E-02 3.84E-02 3.55E-02 4.40E-02 4.58E-02 3.03E-02 4.02E-02 2.80E-02 4.86E-02 4.12E-02 4.37E-02 3.95E-02

Fluorene 1.01E-03 6.21E-02 9.78E-02 8.20E-02 7.37E-02 6.81E-02 8.45E-02 8.80E-02 5.83E-02 7.73E-02 5.38E-02 9.33E-02 7.92E-02 8.39E-02 7.58E-02

Indeno(1,2,3,cd)pyrene 2.78E-07 1.71E-05 2.69E-05 2.26E-05 2.03E-05 1.87E-05 2.33E-05 2.42E-05 1.60E-05 2.13E-05 1.48E-05 2.57E-05 2.18E-05 2.31E-05 2.09E-05

2-methylnaphthalene 5.95E-06 3.66E-04 5.76E-04 4.83E-04 4.34E-04 4.01E-04 4.98E-04 5.19E-04 3.43E-04 4.55E-04 3.17E-04 5.50E-04 4.66E-04 4.94E-04 4.46E-04

Naphthalene 4.45E-06 2.73E-04 4.31E-04 3.62E-04 3.25E-04 3.00E-04 3.72E-04 3.88E-04 2.57E-04 3.40E-04 2.37E-04 4.11E-04 3.49E-04 3.70E-04 3.34E-04

Phenanthrene 1.56E-03 9.59E-02 1.51E-01 1.27E-01 1.14E-01 1.05E-01 1.31E-01 1.36E-01 9.00E-02 1.19E-01 8.31E-02 1.44E-01 1.22E-01 1.30E-01 1.17E-01

Pyrene 2.16E-04 1.33E-02 2.09E-02 1.75E-02 1.58E-02 1.46E-02 1.81E-02 1.88E-02 1.25E-02 1.65E-02 1.15E-02 2.00E-02 1.69E-02 1.79E-02 1.62E-02

Total 0.29 0.46 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.40 0.41 0.27 0.36 0.25 0.44 0.37 0.39 0.36

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where: Ei,pp = Actual paste production plant emission of compound “i” (ton/year);

EFi = Emission factor for compound “i” [from Table 4.4.1-3 of EPA-454/R-98-014] (lb/ton paste); and

C = Paste production plant capacity (ton paste/year)
13

Table 10: Pitch consumption and estimated HAP emissions from pitch storage tanks

Facility Name

Aluminum 

Capacity 

(ton/year)

Paste Plant 

Capacity 

(ton/year)

Pitch consumption HC

emissions 

(ft3/year)

HAP 

species 

emissions 

(ft3/year)

HAP 

species 

emissions 

(ton/year) (ft/year) (lb/year)

Rio Tinto Alcan 216,100 123,177 27,099 694,845 2,362 827 372

Alcoa – Warrick Operations 340,600 194,142 42,711 1,095,160 3,724 1,303 586

Alcoa – Massena Operations 143,300 160,227 35,250 903,845 3,073 1,076 483

Alumax of South Carolina

(aka Alcoa – Mt. Holly) 246,900 140,733 30,961 793,878 2,699 945 425

Alcoa – South Plant 237,000 135,090 29,720 762,046 2,591 907 408

Alcoa – Rockdale Operations 294,300 167,751 36,905 946,288 3,217 1,126 506

Intalco Aluminum 306,400 174,648 38,423 985,194 3,350 1,172 527

Alcoa – Wenatchee Works 202,800 115,596 25,431 652,080 2,217 776 349

Century Aluminum of KY 269,000 153,330 33,733 864,938 2,941 1,029 463

Century Aluminum of WV 187,400 106,818 23,500 602,563 2,049 717 322

Columbia Falls Aluminum 185,200 184,781 40,652 1,042,354 3,544 1,240 557

Noranda Aluminum 325,000 185,250 40,755 1,045,000 3,553 1,244 559

Ormet Primary Aluminum 292,100 166,497 36,629 939,214 3,193 1,118 502

Lake Charles Carbon

(Alcoa anode plant) See note 150,000 33,000 846,154 2,877 1,007 453

Total 3,383,900 2,158,040 474,769 12,173,559 41,390 14,487 6,511

The Lake Charles Carbon facility is a prebake anode production facility which does not produce aluminum.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Compound specific estimated organic HAP emissions, shown in Table 11 are based on applying the speciation profile from 

the Kaiser-Tacoma Soderberg potline primary control system inlet composition to the calculated total HAP emissions, and 

converting to tons per year for modeling.
14

Table 11: Actual pitch storage tank emission estimates (tons per year) Facility Name Rio Tinto Alcan Alcoa – Warrick Operations Alcoa – Massena Operations Alumax of South Carolina Alcoa – South Plant Alcoa – Rockdale Operations

Intalco AluminumAlcoa – Wenatchee WorksCentury Al of KentuckyCentury Al of West 

Virginia

Columbia Falls Al.Noranda AluminumOrmet Primary AluminumLake Charles Carbon

HAP species 1.86E-01 2.93E-01 2.42E-01 2.12E-01 2.04E-01 2.53E-01 2.63E-01 1.74E-01 2.31E-01 1.61E-01 2.79E-01 2.79E-01 2.51E-01 2.26E-01

Acenapthene 6.39E-04 1.01E-03 8.31E-04 7.30E-04 7.01E-04 8.70E-04 9.06E-04 5.99E-04 7.95E-04 5.54E-04 9.58E-04 9.61E-04 8.63E-04 7.78E-04

Acenaphthylene 1.16E-04 1.83E-04 1.51E-04 1.33E-04 1.27E-04 1.58E-04 1.65E-04 1.09E-04 1.45E-04 1.01E-04 1.74E-04 1.75E-04 1.57E-04 1.41E-04

Anthracene 4.94E-03 7.78E-03 6.42E-03 5.64E-03 5.41E-03 6.72E-03 7.00E-03 4.63E-03 6.14E-03 4.28E-03 7.40E-03 7.42E-03 6.67E-03 6.01E-03

Benzo(a)anthracene 9.00E-03 1.42E-02 1.17E-02 1.03E-02 9.87E-03 1.23E-02 1.28E-02 8.45E-03 1.12E-02 7.80E-03 1.35E-02 1.35E-02 1.22E-02 1.10E-02

Benzo(a)pyrene 4.06E-03 6.41E-03 5.29E-03 4.64E-03 4.46E-03 5.54E-03 5.76E-03 3.81E-03 5.06E-03 3.52E-03 6.10E-03 6.11E-03 5.49E-03 4.95E-03

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 1.10E-02 1.74E-02 1.44E-02 1.26E-02 1.21E-02 1.50E-02 1.56E-02 1.04E-02 1.37E-02 9.57E-03 1.66E-02 1.66E-02 1.49E-02 1.34E-02

Benzo(g,h, i)perylene 1.05E-02 1.65E-02 1.36E-02 1.19E-02 1.15E-02 1.42E-02 1.48E-02 9.81E-03 1.30E-02 9.06E-03 1.57E-02 1.57E-02 1.41E-02 1.27E-02

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 3.48E-03 5.49E-03 4.53E-03 3.98E-03 3.82E-03 4.74E-03 4.94E-03 3.27E-03 4.34E-03 3.02E-03 5.23E-03 5.24E-03 4.71E-03 4.24E-03

Carbazole 2.26E-03 3.57E-03 2.95E-03 2.59E-03 2.48E-03 3.08E-03 3.21E-03 2.13E-03 2.82E-03 1.96E-03 3.40E-03 3.41E-03 3.06E-03 2.76E-03

2-chloronaphthalene 5.81E-06 9.15E-06 7.55E-06 6.63E-06 6.37E-06 7.91E-06 8.23E-06 5.45E-06 7.23E-06 5.04E-06 8.71E-06 8.73E-06 7.85E-06 7.07E-06

Chrysene 1.60E-02 2.52E-02 2.08E-02 1.82E-02 1.75E-02 2.17E-02 2.26E-02 1.50E-02 1.99E-02 1.38E-02 2.40E-02 2.40E-02 2.16E-02 1.94E-02

Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 6.97E-04 1.10E-03 9.06E-04 7.96E-04 7.64E-04 9.49E-04 9.88E-04 6.54E-04 8.67E-04 6.04E-04 1.05E-03 1.05E-03 9.42E-04 8.49E-04

Fluoranthene 4.06E-02 6.41E-02 5.29E-02 4.64E-02 4.46E-02 5.54E-02 5.76E-02 3.81E-02 5.06E-02 3.52E-02 6.10E-02 6.11E-02 5.49E-02 4.95E-02

Fluorene 2.41E-03 3.80E-03 3.13E-03 2.75E-03 2.64E-03 3.28E-03 3.42E-03 2.26E-03 3.00E-03 2.09E-03 3.61E-03 3.62E-03 3.26E-03 2.93E-03

Indeno(1,2,3,cd)pyrene 1.95E-03 3.07E-03 2.53E-03 2.22E-03 2.13E-03 2.65E-03 2.76E-03 1.83E-03 2.42E-03 1.69E-03 2.92E-03 2.93E-03 2.63E-03 2.37E-03

2-methyl naphthalene 2.03E-04 3.20E-04 2.64E-04 2.32E-04 2.23E-04 2.77E-04 2.88E-04 1.91E-04 2.53E-04 1.76E-04 3.05E-04 3.06E-04 2.75E-04 2.47E-04

Naphthalene 5.81E-05 9.15E-05 7.55E-05 6.63E-05 6.37E-05 7.91E-05 8.23E-05 5.45E-05 7.23E-05 5.04E-05 8.71E-05 8.73E-05 7.85E-05 7.07E-05

Phenanthrene 4.35E-02 6.86E-02 5.66E-02 4.98E-02 4.78E-02 5.93E-02 6.17E-02 4.09E-02 5.42E-02 3.78E-02 6.53E-02 6.55E-02 5.89E-02 5.30E-02

Pyrene 3.48E-02 5.49E-02 4.53E-02 3.98E-02 3.82E-02 4.74E-02 4.94E-02 3.27E-02 4.34E-02 3.02E-02 5.23E-02 5.24E-02 4.71E-02 4.24E-02

Retene 5.81E-06 9.15E-06 7.55E-06 6.63E-06 6.37E-06 7.91E-06 8.23E-06 5.45E-06 7.23E-06 5.04E-06 8.71E-06 8.73E-06 7.85E-06 7.07E-06