TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY LEADER CRITICIZES 'GANG'
Peking Domestic Service in Mandarin 0200 GMT 21 Nov 77 OW

[Recorded talk by Ho Tung-chang, deputy secretary of the Tsinghua University
party committee: "Criticize the Crimes of the 'Gang of Four' and Their
Company, such as Chih Chun, in Disrupting and Undermining Scientific Research
Work" ]

[Excerpts] Over the last 28 years since liberation, Tsinghua University has
made certain achievements in scientific research with the concern and under
the leadership of Chairman Mao and the party Central Committee, and inspired
by the rapid development of socialist revolution and industrial and agricul-
tural production in the whole country. A scientific and technical contingent
has been formed along with a scientific research base.

However, Liu Shao-chi, Lin Piao, and the "gang of four" carried out very -
serious interference and sabotage in this area. Particularly in recent years,
antiparty element Chih Chun and that sinister female henchman usurped thé lead-
ing power in Tsinghua University. Their perverse and despotic activities
threw this school into chaos with the work of teaching, studying, and scien-
tific research seriously affected. The original scientific research contingent
was badly damaged. There was only one special research unit, and less than 10
percent of the school's faculty were engaged in scientific research compared
to more than 30 percent in the past. All other research organizations ceased
to exist.

What was more serious was that the minds of the few remaining scientific and
technical personnel were confused, their enthusiasm was adversely affected,

and the discipline of scientific research was seriously violated. Some labora-
tories were completely smashed, while some equipment was damaged in others.
According to statistics compiled by higher authorities, the value of research
equipment lost at the school due to such damage amounted to nearly 15 million
yuan in 1975 alone.

The purpose of the "gang of four" and the two sinister henchmen in Tsinghua
in trying to interfere with and undermine the work of teaching, studying, and

45



The comrades that they had persecuted revealed that, in the course of the
movement for criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius, the "gang's" confederates

in Luta and the sinister cat's paw in the Luta public security bureau of the
"gang's" sworn follower in Liaoning trumped up the astounding "four political
incidents" in the public security bureau through careful arrangements to brand
four deputy directors and seven section chiefs and deputy chiefs of the public

security bureau as typical restorationists, capitalist roaders, and unrepentent
persons.

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36



That confidant of the former principal responsible member of the Kirin party
committee was a chief lieutenant and vicious hatchetman of the bourgeois
faction. He was a core member of the cabal of the former principal responsi-
ble member of the Kirin party committee and his cronies. Relying on the
authority of their "gang," he arbitrarily spread rumors and comments to assail
other leading comrades of the Kirin party committee, enthusiastically pushed
the revisionist factional line on cadres, poked his nose in everywhere to
collect information and file sinister charges, and actively performed major
cutting operations, and plotted against a number of units, making it impossible
for some units to work in peace over a long period of time. He used his power
to support cronies, gang up to form factions, draw lines according to the
interests of the "gang," and push aside the people who disagreed with him, and
even persecuted cadres politically. He was morally degenerate, led a rotten
life, undermined [words indistinct], broke laws, and violated discipline. He
bore the stamp of the landlord class, and was a typical character of a newborn
bourgeois.

It was in such circumstances that the propaganda organs under the direct con-
trol of Kirin Province advanced step by step in the struggle to expose and
criticize the former principal responsible member of the Kirin party committee
and his confidant in the propaganda department on the basis of the reality on
each specific front, department, and unit.

cso: 4005 .

32



PEOPLE'S DAILY ATTACKS 'GANG'S' VIEW OF MENTAL LABOR
Peking JEN-MIN JIH-PAO in Chinese 22 Nov 77 p 3 HK
[Article by Fang Chih [2455 0037]: "Respect Mental Labor"]

[Text] Is mental labor a type of labor? Should it be respected? The answer
should be clear enough. But this question has been turned upside down by the
"gang of four,' who also confused a great number of other very simple ques-
tions. The 'gang of four' advocated everywhere the fallacy that "the more
learned one is, the more reactionary one will become." They even babbled that
“it is better to have laborers without culture than to have exploiters and
spiritual aristocrats with culture." According to their logic, labor can be
divorced from knowledge; anything connected with culture and knowledge should
as a rule be excluded from the sphere of labor, For this reason, they totally
negated and utterly despised the mental labor of the vast number of intellec-
tuals. This fallacy spread by the 'gang of four' was absolutely absurd and
extremely harmful.

The division between mental and physical labor once played a role in promoting
the development of society. But, in the long history of class society, the
ruling classes always used this division of labor to vigorously propagate the
reactionary idea that "those who labor with their minds govern others; those
who labor with their strength are governed by others." This prejudice of the
exploiting classes makes many mental laborers despise physical labor and
regard it as something lowly and mean. We must teach the vast number of
intellectuals to completely overcome this old idea. Gradually narrowing and
eventually eliminating the difference between mental and physical labor is an
integral part of our long-term struggle to attain the great goal of communism.
But this in no way means that mental labor and its role in history can be
negated; nor does this mean that the mental labor done today by the vast number
of intellectuals for socialism should not be respected.

What would happen if mental labor and its achievements were negated as the
‘gang of four' tried to do? The four modernizations could not be realized
and socialist society could not be advanced, because this would be impossible
without production skills and various kinds of cultural and scientific

van



After the examination, it is necessary to do a good job of marking. Before
the examination, the prefectural, municipal, county, and district enrollment
committee must select experienced teachers with high political awareness as
markers, All sectors of the economy must continue to go all out to support
the enrollment departments to successfully hold the examinations. The commer-
cial, transport, public health, and public security departments must solve the
problems of the candidates’ board and lodging, transport, health, and security
work.

In his speech, Comrade (Chia Chien) stressed the importance of doing well

concerning the examinations. The leadership at all levels must attach high
importance to the work and strengthen leadership over it.

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In 1955, Chen A-ta left Shangyu County, Chekiang, and came to Shanghai to be-
come a peddler. Ganging up with hoodlums and riffraff, he teased women,
gambled, indulged in fist fights, and performed all kinds of evil deeds. In
1958, our government rounded up these hoodlums and assigned them to labor
reform. Left at liberty, Chen A-ta bribed his way into the Chunghua shipyard
and was accepted as a pieceworker. Soon afterwards, he sneaked into the PLA.
However, in the PLA he could not change his obnoxious personality in the least.
He totally disregarded discipline and organization, constantly absented him-
self from drill, and slept in the barracks all the time. He was just a good-
for-nothing soldier. After he was discharged, he went to the (Liangkung)
valve plant where he was always seen idling and fooling around, wearing sharp-
“pointed leather shoes, and dangling a cigarette from his mouth.

This born-hoodlum Chen A-ta speculated in the Great Cultural Revolution and
rebelled. He told his partners: "I must rebel now so I may become a plant
manager later." Without any schooling, he knew nothing about writing. He
secretly asked someone to give him an already completed big-character poster,
and said shamelessly: "I'll treat you to dinner at the ‘international
restaurant' if you consider this poster already sold to me." This statement
was a confession of his speculation in rebellion and a revelation of his ugli-
ness.

After reversing verdicts on his father in his home county, Chen A-ta openly
reversed verdicts on landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries and
pad elements in the plant. On the pretext of seizing so-called sinister
records, he led a group in breaking into the personnel security section of
the (Liangkung) valve plant. He opened the records safe and grabbed a bunch
of personnel records which he either altered or destroyed.

Chen A-ta also openly threatened a public security organ with armed force
‘and demanded the release of two bad ringleaders who were in custody. On the
pretext of a "trial," he abducted a convicted hoodlum jailed at the No 2
detention house.

All these incidents clearly show that Chen A-ta was rebelling against nothing
but the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Banking on the 'gang of four's' sinister influence, Chen A-ta incited armed
struggle everywhere and engaged in beating, burglary, and looting on a big
scale. Kuomintang agent Chang Chun-chiao told his little brothers: "I came

to set fires, make trouble, and start armed struggles whenever they are needed.
It is all right to have an armed struggle involving several tens of thousands
of people." On direct instructions from Chang Chun-chiao, Chen A-ta instigated
large-scale armed struggle on three occasions in publication circles, and at
(Chingfu) and other places, thus becoming a well-known ringleader in beating,
breaking, and looting. Wherever armed struggle took place, Chen A-ta was there.

Engaging in wild beating, smashing, and looting, Chen ‘A-ta was highly praised
and greatly encouraged by the 'gang of four.' Wang Hung-wen said: "Chen A-ta
has guts and is really daring." Chang Chun-chiao said: "You have crushed
others and have become well known."

51



Ne,

SIAN RALLY CRITICIZES FORMER MUNICIPAL LEADERS
Sian Shensi Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 23 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] The Sian Municipal CCP Committee recently held a rally to expose
and criticize the crimes of the 'gang of four' and two of their followers

in the standing committee of the Municipal CCP Committee, one of whom was in
charge of organizational work, and the other in charge of industry and
communications. The rally pledged to whip up a new upsurge of the struggle

to expose and criticize the 'gang of four’. Some 10,000 people attended the
rally, including responsible persons of the municipal CCP and revolutionary
committees and their various organs, leading cadres of enterprises, and répre-
sentatives of a number of basic level units. Comrade (Tao Shu-jen), secretary
of the Municipal CCP Committee, presided. (Wang Chen), secretary of the com-
mittee, made a speech.

Speeches of criticism were delivered by various comrades including Hsieh Pang-
ting, member of the standing committee of the Municipal CCP Committee and
vice chairman of the revolutionary committee; (Chang Hung), director of the
Municipal CCP Committee's organizational department; and responsible persons
of the municipal industry and communications office, culture and education
office, textiles bureau, and other units. In connection with the serious
problems of those two persons in the standing committee of the Municipal CCP
Committee in forming gangs and cliques and usurping power, they set out the
facts, spoke reason, and conducted penetrating criticism of their errors and
crimes.

In his speech, (Wang Chen) said: At present we must carry out the third
campaign and constantly deepen exposure and criticism [passage indistinct].
We must correct the right and wrong in line and theory reversed by the 'gang
of four.' Exposure and criticism must be carried out in connection with
reality in our own units. We must do thorough investigation work. Leaders
at all levels must take a firm and clearcut stand, and take the lead in study,
exposure, and criticism.

cso: 4005

hg



BRIEFS

YUNNAN CRITICIZES 'GANG OF FOUR'-~The Yunnan provincial work conference on
enrolling students for institutes of higher education recently held a criticism
rally. In connection with the reality of Yunnan's education front, some 500
participants at the rally fiercely criticized the "gang of four's" counter-
revolutionary political program and their revisionist line in education. They
exposed that the "gang of four" sent their remnants and so-called reporters to
Yunnan several times to engage in some school activities. They noted that
Chu Ko-chia, Huang Chao-chi, and Liu Yin-nung,, ringleaders of the bourgeois
factional network in Yunnan fostered by the "gang of four," directly meddled
in education and interfered with and undermined Yunnan's proletarian education
cause. The participants were determined to do well in conducting the third
campaign to expose and criticize the "gang of four," thoroughly eliminate
their pernicious influence on the education front, and do well in this year's
student enrollment work. [Kunming Yunnan Provincial Service in Mandarin

1400 GMT 9 Nov 77 HK]

CHANGSHA CRITICIZES 'GANG'--On 21 November, the Changsha municipal education
bureau held a forum of some primary and middle school cadres and teachers to
expose and criticize the "two assessments" invented by the "gang of four."

(Ho Yin-kan), deputy chief of the municipal education bureau, spoke at the
forum. He revealed that the number of primary.and middle schools in Changsha
municipality increased from 190 immediately after liberation to some 335,

17 years later. At present, there are 170,000 middle school students in the
municipality, an increase of five times as compared with the early period
following liberation. [Changsha Hunan Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT
23 Nov 77 HK]

HUNAN PUBLISHING WORK--Publishing work in Hunan is developing well. Since
March of this year, the province's publishing front has printed 10 million
copies and distributed eight million copies of Volume V of "The Selected Works
of Mao Tse~tung." In addition to that, the People's Publishing House of Hunan
has also published books praising Chairman Mao and Chairman Hua, and many
scientific and technical books. {Changsha Hunan Provincial Service in
Mandarin 2330 GMT 14 Nov 77 HK]

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59



From the above relations, it is possible to obtain the wave length of peak
infrared radiation at any given temperature. For example:

(1) The Sun: T = 6000°K, Lok = 0.5 microns (approx.)
(2) At the exhaust opening of jet and rocket engines:

T = 1000°K, Lok = 3 microns (approx.)

(3) Room temperature objects:

(T = 27°C), Lok = 10 microns (approx.)

At present, infrared detectors on early warning satellites can detect infrared
radiation-from rocket flames of missiles during blast-off or boosting flight.
The temperature of such rocket flames is above 1000°K, and its infrared

wave length ranges from 2 to 3 microns.

In mid-course flight, the ICBM's temperature is very low, and its infrared
radiation wave length is 8 to 14 microns. In the early stage, photoelectric
values and TV camera tubes were used as visible light sensors. The late
60's introduced lead sulphide detectors, small as a sesame seed grain and
made of semi-conductor material. Such detectors are not only highly sen-
sitive, but also save a considerable amount of electricity, which is suitable
for satellite use.

Early Warning Satellites Launched in the 60's

In the early 60's, experimental early warning satellites employing infrared
detectors were launched. Four warning satellites were placed in polar

orbits (satellite orbits passing over north and south poles) about 480 to
4800 km above ground level. But owing to the sensitivity and poor reliability
of infrared detectors then, the satellites were never put into actual use.
While low sensitivity reduces detection range, poor reliability causes infra-
red detector to mistake sunlight cloud reflection for an attacking missile.

In the late 60's, infrared detector sensitivity improved, and TV cameras sen-
sitive to visible light rays were installed in the early warning satellites.
At the first alarm signal from the satellite infrared detector, the ground
observation crew begin to analyze images on their TV screens, and review

the preliminary alarm signal. The two devices complement each other, and

by coordinative use, it is possible to eliminate false alarms set off by
infrared detectors caused by high altitude cloud reflections of the sunlight.

Moreover, early warning satellites of the late 60's were launched to even
higher altitudes. An early warning satellite orbiting at an altitude of

4000 km can monitor 100 million square km simultaneously, which is 19 percent
of the earth's surface. At 16,000 km above ground level, it can cover 30
percent of the earth's surface.

59



ranks in the working class and civil mediation work. We must vigorously
conduct education in the socialist rule of law.

In accordance with the actual situation of our own places, departments, and
units, we must seriously sum up experiences, discover discrepancies, work out
measures, grasp typical examples, set up pace setters, commend the progressive,
and conduct revolutionary emulation. We must carry out civil mediation work
in the urban areas, factories, mines, and other enterprises in an extensive
and all-round way. We must strive to learn from Ta~ching in industry, and make
active contributions to the implementation of Chairman Hua's strategic policy
decision on grasping the key link in running the country well."

cso: 4005

MT



KANSU HOLDS FORUM TO CRITICIZE 'TWO ASSESSMENTS'
Lanchow Kansu Provincial Service in Mandarin 1400 GMT 23 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] Kansu Education Bureau and the editorial board of KANSU JIH-PAO
recently invited some education workers of institutes of higher education in
Kansu to a forum to vigorously expose and criticize the "two assessments"
prepared by the 'gang of four.' They resolved to quickly urge an upsurge of
vigorously exposing, investigating, accusing, and criticizing, and to succeed
in the education revolution.

[Liu Kai-sheng], director of the Provincial Education Bureau, said: "The
"gang of four's'’ counterrevolutionary 'two assessments' were the theoretical
basis of their fascist dictatorship over the teachers and cadres and became
two great mountains pressing on the intellectuals' heads on the education
front. The 'gang of four's’ agent in our province appreciated their counter-
revolutionary 'two assessments' and spared no efforts to push them through.

To the tune of the 'gang of four', he babbled: 'In the 17 years following
liberation, the schools became the place for training bourgeois intellectuals
and the tool for sabotaging the dictatorship of the proletariat and restoring
capitalism. The bourgeoisie exercised dictatorship over the proletariat.’ He
also said: 'Some people opposed the "two assessments"--basic assessments--
because they wanted to help intensify, the billows and waves of the reactionary
trend of restoration and retrogression.' He clamored: 'It is essential to
solve the "two assessments" well.'

"The 'gang of four's' counterrevolutionary 'two assessments' caused a
catastrophe on the education front in our province. The ‘gang of four'
attacked the education front, saying that the black line exercised dictator-
ship over the education front. This was a lie contrary to the facts. Let us
look at the facts in those 17 years. When Kansu was liberated in 1949, the
province had only four broken-down universities with some 200 teachers and
1,600 students. In the 17 years from liberation to 1966, the number of uni-
versities increased to eight, there were some 2,400 full-time teachers, and
11,700 students. Many capable people were trained during those 17 years, and
many of them have become the force of backbone elements on various fronts,
particularly on the science, technology, cultural and education fronts.

19



SINKIANG ARTICLE URGES RENEWED ACTION AGAINST 'GANG"
Urumchi Sinkiang Regional Service in Mandarin 1130 GMT 17 Nov 77 OW

{Excerpts of article by (Hsu Sheng-chao): "It is necessary to achieve the
unity of revolution and production and thoroughly settle accounts with the
"gang of four' and their-cohorts in Sinkiang for their serious crimes in
undermining efforts to grasp revolution and promote production"]

[Excerpts] The 'gang of four' and their two sinister henchmen in Sinkiang
sabotaged revolution and production, undermined the socialist economy, brought
calamities to the state and the people, and committed towering crimes.

The interference and sabotage of the 'gang of four' and their two henchmen
in Sinkiang seriously damaged industrial and agricultural production in the
autonomous region. In order to sabotage our efforts to grasp revolution and
promote production, the 'gang of four’ and their two henchmen in Sinkiang
spread various fallacies to justify their disruptive activities and trouble-
making.

We must penetratingly refute and criticize their fallacies and thoroughly
eradicate their pernicious influence.

One of the fallacies of the 'gang of four' in sabotaging our efforts to main-
stain revolution and promote production was to slander our efforts to vigorously
promote socialism as practicing the "theory of productive forces." Following
their masters' instructions, the two henchmen of the 'gang of four' in Sinkiang,
and the backbone elements of their factional setup, attacked anyone who
embraced revolution and promoted production. Their criminal goal was to create
chaos through sabotaging production and to usurp power amid chaos.

The 'gang of four' also vigorously instigated anarchism and opposed all rules
and regulations. They openly proposed to establish enterprises without rules
and regulations.

Why did the "gang of four’ and their two henchmen in Sinkiang want to sabotage
socialist production by all means? The big enemy agent Chang Chun-chiao

37



CONTENTS (Continued) Page
AGRICULTURE
Briefs

Farm Machine Operation Training 63
Agricultural Support Industries 63
Irrigation in Kiangsu 64
Food Processing Industry 64
Agricultural Scientific Research 65

New Rice Varieties Developed 65

-c-



research work. Fifty-four percent of the backbone leaders at the level of
directors and deputy directors of departments in the college were trained in
the 17 years following liberation. The 'gang of four's' malicious slanders
and vilification of the capable people trained in those 17 years fully shows
their ugly antiparty, antipeople, and antirevolution features."

Leading cadres of various institutes of higher education said that more than
90 percent of some 7,000 teachers in the institutes of higher education in the
province graduated after liberation, and 72 percent of them came from the
families of laboring people. Twenty-eight percent of them are party members.
They are faithful to the party's education cause. They said that it is essen-
tial to thoroughly clear the "gang of four's" slanders and abusive words.

They declared: "We must eliminate the 'gang of four's' remant poison and
influence on the education front, destroy the spiritual shackles, and work
hard. We must really do a good job in the proletarian education revolution,
and strive to train red and expert capable people for the four modernizations."

cso: 4005

30



scientific research was to seize some pretext to reverse the correct verdicts
and create chaos so as to usurp party and state power. For this purpose they
created a deceptive counterrevolutionary slogan--"act in direct contravention."
Against whom did they want to act in direct contravention? It was against
Chairman Mao's revolutionary line that they wanted to act in direct contra-
vention so that they could go their own way.

In 1972, Premier Chou instructed that basic theoretical research should be
strengthened. As a result, the "gang of four" stirred up an encirclement and
suppression campaign in 1973 against the so-called "theoretical wind."

After the convocation of the Fourth National People's Congress, Chairman Hua
took charge of the work of science and technology on behalf of the party
Central Committee and the State Council. After listening to the report by

the Academy of Sciences, Chairman Hua and other leading central comrades issued
important instructions. The “gang of four" and their company such as Chih
Chun, however, went all out to attack the "outline report" as a program for
restoration, and clamored that it was necessary to track down the source of
the "evil wind," thus wildly pointing the spearhead of “acting in direct con-
travention" toward Chairman Hua.

To brand the broad masses of intellectuals as "bourgeois elements", and label
them (as “stinking intellectuals", and to distort and change the party policy,
the "gang of four” and their sinister henchmen such as Chih Chun concocted a
number of fallacies.

The first fallacy vilified intellectuals as "exploiters" and "intellectual
aristocrats" so as to discredit them.

The second fallacy stated that knowledge should be restricted as a "bourgeois
right," that a "bourgeois right" is based on knowledge, and that the more
one's knowledge, the more one's "bourgeois rights."

The third fallacy stated that party members and experts about 40-years old
are the most dangerous.

The fourth fallacy stated that you may criticize the intellectuals in whatever
way you like.

The big price we have paid in past years in the acute and complicated struggles
has enabled us to understand the truth and remember it. That is, we should
always hold high Chairman Mao's great banner, and comprehensively and
accurately study and apply Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung thought. The broad
masses of teachers, students, and workers are now determined to resolutely
implement the line of the 11th CCP National Congress under the leadership of

the party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua. They are determined to
fight in unity, build a new socialist Tsinghua, and strive to contribute to the
revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, grasp the key link in
running. the country well, train scientific and technical personnel who are both
red and expert, and realize the modernization of agriculture, industry, national
defense, and science and technology, and catch up and surpass the advanced world
level before the end of this century.

cso: 4005 16



SZECHWAN EDUCATION WORKERS SCORE 'GANG'S'’ "TWO ASSESSMENTS'
Chengtu Szechwan Provincial Service in Mandarin 2140 GMT 23 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] "On 22 November, the Szechwan Provincial Education Bureau organized
a forum of some responsible comrades and teachers of primary and middle
schools in Chengtu municipality to deeply expose and criticize the reactionary
nature of the 'two assessments’ issued by the 'gang of four', to denounce the
counterrevolutionary crimes of the 'gang of four' in promoting the 'two
assessments’, and to thoroughly break the spiritual shackles that bind the
minds of the intellectuals."

The comrades attending the forum angrily exposed and criticized the theoreti-
cal absurdity of the "two assessments" of the 'gang of four', expressed their
gratitude to the party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua, praised
Chairman Mao's revolutionary line in education, confirmed the great achieve-
ments scored by education workers in the first 17 years after liberation, and
vowed to continue to expose and criticize the "gang of four', and to succeed
in the educational revolution.

A responsible comrade of the Provincial Education Bureau spoke at the forum.
He used facts to rebuke the theoretical absurdity of the "two assessments" as
handed out by the 'gang of four', saying:

"Immediately after liberation, there were only about one million primary school
students in the province; but there were some 10 million before the great cul-
tural revolution. Primary school education had basically been popularized.
Immediately after liberation, there were about 70,000 to 80,000 middie school
students; but there were over one million 17 years later. Among them, over

90 percent were children of the working class, and they are now working on all
fronts. The teaching force increased from 70,000 to 80,000 to 380,000 in 17
years.

Most of the present primary and middle school teachers were cultivated in the
first 17 years after liberation, and most of them love the party, Chairman Mao,
and socialism, are loyal to the party's educational cause, have accumulated
abundant experience in the educational revolution, and have made contributions.
These are iron-clad facts, and the achievements scored in those 17 years cannot
be negated."

cso: 4005
22



measures, and rapidly improve their backward outlook. As for all those who
were involved with the conspiratorial activities of the "gang of four' to usurp
party and state power, who have not clearly spoken up and are still in leader-
ship posts, we must resolutely pull them down. Regarding the leadership
cadres, who although they themselves were not involved with the ‘gang of four’,
they were too soft in the struggle against the "gang of four' and their black
hands, and do not have the ability to lead the movement well, we must rapidly
educate them. We must promote cadres who possess revolutionary drive and dare
to shoulder responsibility, and let the leadership of the movement be truly in
the hands of Marxists and Leninists."

cso: 4005

18



KIRIN PROPAGANDA ORGANS CRITICIZE 'GANG OF FOUR"
Changchun Kirin Provincial Service in Mandarin 0420 GMT 15 Nov 77 SK

[Excerpts] Provincial-level propaganda organs of Kirin Province held a
conference from 31 October to 2 November to expose and criticize the crimes
of the "gang of four."

The participants pointed out: During the heyday of the "gang of four," Kirin
Province was seriously damaged. The most seriously disaster-stricken areas
are the propaganda and culture and education departments. Following in the
steps of Lin Piao and the "gang," the former principal responsible member of
Kirin party committee, upon taking power, assigned his right-hand cronies

and henchmen to directly and tightly control propaganda units, That responsi-
ble member of the propaganda department who was good at steering according to
the wind, and at speculation and machinations, was one of the confidants he
put in important posts.

In collusion with the former principal responsible member of Kirin party com-
mittee to try hard to follow the "gang," that confidant directed his spearhead
at Premier Chou during his life time and at Vice Chairman Teng when Premier
Chou became mortally ill and died. After Chairman Hua took charge of the
central work, he directed his spearhead at Chairman Hua. In the final analysis,
he opposed great leader and teacher Chairman Mao, the great, glorious, and
correct party, and socialism.

Acting contrary to the guidelines of the symposium on propaganda work held by
the central authorities, that confidant of the former principal responsible
member of Kirin party committee, in the name of "propaganda coordination,"
dampened the ardent desire of the masses of cadres and people to expose and
criticize the "gang of four" on the basis of actual events. On the instruc-
tions of the former principal responsible member of the Kirin party committee
and his cronies, that confidant urged some persons to draft a speech to be
delivered on 28 December 1976 aiming at suppressing the masses and switching
the general orientation. In coordination with the lie, fabricated by the
former principal responsible member of the Kirin party committee, at the Kirin
provincial learn-from-Ta-chai conference, he kept the lid on and set the tune
to protect himself and disrupt the movement to expose and criticize the "gang
of four."

31



NANCHANG EDUCATION BUREAU FORUM CRITICIZES 'TWO ASSESSMENTS"
Nanchang Kiangsi Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 21 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] "On 19 November, the Nanchang Municipal Education Bureau held a
forum of leading cadres and teachers of various schools, They exposed and
denounced the towering crimes of the 'gang of four' in proposing the 'two
assessments.'"

(Tung En-fu), a responsible person of the Nanchang Municipal Education Bureau,
said: "Since the smashing of the 'gang of four' antiparty clique, our country
has marched into a new stage of development. The cadres, teachers, and

students on the education front have closely followed Chairman Hua's strategic
plan and grasped the key link in running the schools. The situation has become
better and better. However, as the remnant poison of the 'two assessments’
promoted by the 'gang of four' has been profound, and its influence has been
bad, they still hamper the activities of the education workers and intellectuals,
and hinder the progress of the education revolution in cultivating more talent
for realizing the four modernizations as soon as possible.

"The article by the mass criticism group of the Ministry of Education has con-
veyed Chairman Mao's important instructions and thoroughly exposed the histori-
cal truth of the 'gang of four' in promoting the 'two assessments.’ It has
criticized the 'gang's' vicious tricks of distorting and tampering with Chair-
man Mao's line on education, and has said what is in the hearts of tens of
millions of education workers and intellectuals."

He said: "We will certainly respond to the call of the party Central Commit-
tee, plunge into this struggle, distinguish between right and wrong in line,
restore the true colors of history, and implement Chairman Mao's line on educa~ .
tion in a still better way."

(Yang Yen-lung), secretary of the party branch of Nanchang No 13 middle school,
said: "I have been engaged in education for quite a long time and know a lot
about the development of education. In the 17 years following liberation,
under the wise leadership of the party and Chairman Mao, education developed
very quickly. At the time of liberation, there were only 62 middle and pri-
mary schools in Nanchang municipality. Before the Great Cultural Revolution,

13



Missile Range Altitude Flight Duration
(km) (km) (minute)
8000 1120 25.3
9600 1270 29
10200 1320 35.2
12800 1440 37.4

From the above table, it follows that a 10,000 km-range ICBM takes about

30 minutes to reach its target point from the launch site. Before the anti-
missile early warning satellite system was introduced, super-range radars
with a scanning range of 5000 km were employed to detect ICBMs. Due to the
curvature of the earth, radar beams are limited to horizontal line-of-sight
range, and cannot detect an intercontinental ballistic missile until the
missile has reached half-way, which takes 15 minutes after lift-off

(Figure 1). In order to achieve early warning, i.e., to detect the missile
as soon as it is launched, so as to gain enough warning time to prepare
against the attacking ICBM, warning satellites or super-range radars have

become the order of the day. The author will discuss the latter in another
article. —-~-~ - .

Figure 1. Super-range Radar Does Not Detect An Intercontinental Ballistic
Missile Until 15 Minutes After Lift-off.
Key:
1. ICBM trajectory 4, Super-range Radar
2. Radar Beam 5. ICBM Launch Site
3. Horizontal Line

5T



PRC ECONOMIST DISCUSSES PROFITS UNDER SOCIALISM
Peking JEN-MIN JIH-PAO in Chinese 22 Nov 77 p 2 HK
[Article by Hsu Ti-hsin [6079 3321 2450]: "On Profits Under Socialism"]

[Summary] "Socialist enterprises must yield profits and continuously increase
accumulation for the state in order to insure the rapid development of social-
ist construction, and to build China into a modern and powerful socialist
country as quickly as possible."

In order to usurp party and state power and restore capitalism, the 'gang of
four' equated the reasonable gains of a socialist enterprise with "putting
profits in command." This greatly impaired the sound development of our na-
tional economy. In our efforts to better implement the line of the 11th
National Party Congress, and to speed up socialist construction, we must deeply
criticize their counterrevolutionary fallacies and eliminate their remaining
poison.

What an enterprise gains under socialism is essentially different from capi-
talist profit. Marx told us that capitalist profit isa modified form of
surplus value. "This kind of value is based on the capitalist ownership of
the means of production, and presupposes the exploitation of laborers by the
capitalists."

Although the capitalist form of surplus labor, surplus value, and capitalist
profits are negated under the socialist mode of production, it does not mean
that surplus labor contributed by the working masses in the course of produc~
. tion should be eliminated. "Marx noted: 'Surplus labor in general, as labor
performed over and above the given requirements, must always remain.’ Without
surplus labor (surplus product), we have no way of expanding socialist repro-
duction and meeting the many needs of the state and society."

Under the socialist system, the surplus labor (surplus product) provided by

a worker exceeds the amount. of labor required of him and his family, but this
is completely necessary for the overall and long-term interests of the prole-
tarian. state and the working people. "The overall and long-term interests of



KWANGTUNG COLLEGES CRITICIZE 'TWO ASSESSMENTS'
Canton Kwangtung Provincial Service in Mandarin 0500 GMT 20 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] At the conference recently held on Kwangtung scientific and educa-
tion work, some leading cadres of institutes of higher education in Kwangtung
penetratingly criticized the "two assessments" devised by the "gang of four."
They have emancipated their thoughts, stimulated their spirits, and strengthened
still more their confidence in doing well in the education revolution.

“They said: "In the 17 years following liberation, under the leadership of

the party Central Committee headed by Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao's revolutionary
line played a leading part in all professions and trades. Why was the dictator-
ship of the black line exercised on the education front? The 'two assessments’
invented by the ‘gang of four' fully showed the criminal motives of their vain -
attempt to cause a breach on the education front, to completely negate Chair-—
man Mao's revolutionary line, and to negate the superiority of the socialist
system. The education workers have long been dissatisfied with the "gang of
four's' 'two assessments' and their perverted actions. The "gang of four’ has
now been broken and we must lift the heavy burden from the education workers’
shoulders."

They pointed out: "The 'gang of four' slandered that, during the 17 years
following liberation, a handful of renegades, special agents, and capitalist-
minded entrenched themselves in the leadership of the education

departments. This was a completely malicious attack. It was part of the

"gang of four's' counterrevolutionary conspiracy to attempt in vain to topple
a large number of leading cadres from the central authorities to the local
levels. Their criminal aim was to carry out a major operation on the education
front so that education could be grasped in their own hands and serve their
attempt to usurp party and state power."

Leading cadres of Chungshan University said: "Since liberation, our party

has sent a large number of veteran cadres experienced in revolutionary struggle
to the school to strengthen party leadership. The school has attached
importance to building basic-level party organizations. Some intellectuals,
who conform to the standard of party members, have been absorbed into the

28



IRRIGATION IN KIANGSU--The Chao-kuao [2507 7070] Irrigation District in
Kiangsu, an integrated water conservancy project on the east bank of the
Shao-po Section [6730 0130 3008] of the Grand Canal between Peking and
Hangchou and downstream of the Huai River, has gradually put itself toge-
ther since the Great Cultural Revolution and has become increasingly bene-
ficial. The entire irrigation district has over 5,600 main and branch
ditches with a total length of over 1,600 km. There are over 9,400 regulat—
ing sluice gates, inlet gates, branch gates, aqueducts, underground cisterns
and other such structures, 3 fan-shui [5064 3055] stations and 3 small
hydroelectric stations. Ordinarily water from the Huai River which flows
into the Yangtze River is stored and in years or drought and in dry sea-
sons, water is taken from the Yangtze at the Chiant-tu Hydrojunction
Project [3068 6757] south to irrigate over 210,000 of paddy downriver.

The construction of the Chao-kuan Irrigation District forcefully speeded

up the development of agricultural production. Before the more than 210,000
mu of land in the irrigation district could only produce three harvest in
two years and at that over 80,000 of those mu had to be planted in miscel-
laneous grains. In times of great drought, people worked from dawn to dusk
at the water pumps irrigating the fields, but still could not solve the
problem. For a long time the volume of production was low and unstable.
But now with gravitational irrigation, human effort is not needed to run
the water pumps, for as soon as the sluice gates are opened the water flows
into the fields. More than 80,000 mu of dry paddy has been repeatedly
planted with paddy rice and the three harvest in two years has become three
harvest in one year. Over 210,000 mu of poor land has become constant high
yielding land scure from drought and flood and the volume of grains produced
is nearly three times that of 1957 before self-irrigation. In the fifth
and sixth months of the three years from 1974 to 1976, there were repeated
severe droughts in this irrigation district, but because the irrigation
district's water conservancy project fully demonstrated its effectiveness
in the years of the great drought, it secured a bountiful harvest with unit
yield in each year increasing over 100 catties. [Excerpts] {Hong Kong
CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 15 Sep 77 p 5] 8226

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY--Hai-k'ou City [3189 0656 1597] in Kwangtung has
established a comparatively comprehensive food processing industry which
employs both mechanized and semimechanized production and produces over 20
kinds of goods in over 300 varieties including canned goods, candied fruit,
pastries, beverages, cod liver oil, canned meat and milk. Of these goods,
over 100 kinds are sold abroad. By 1976 the products, volume of produc—
tion and value of production of the city's food processing industry had
increased 30-fold to 50-fold over pre-liberation 1949. By August of this
year the products of the city's food processing industry had increased 10
Percent over the same period last year. In addition over 20 new products
were successfully test produced, the quality of product has steadily im-
proved while capital and expenses have both declined. [Excerpts] [Hong
Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 17 Sep 77 p 4] 8226



KWANGTUNG PAPER HOLDS FORUM CRITICIZING 'TWO ASSESSMENTS'
Canton Kwangtung Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 20 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] "The editorial board of NAN-FANG JIH-PAO invited the comrades in
the education circle in Canton area to hold a forum on 15 November to
criticize the crimes of the 'gang of four’ of inventing the 'two assessments,'
sabotaging the education revolution, and persecuting the education workers."

The person who presided over the forum first delivered a speech. He said:
"NAN-FANG JIH-PAO invited some of the comrades on the education front to hold
a forum today in order to study together the important instructions of Chair-
man Hua, Vice Chairman Teng, and the party Central Committee on education
revolution, and to criticize the serious crimes of the ‘gang of four’ in
trampling on Chairman Mao's line on education, and sabotaging the proletarian
education revolution. In particular, we must fiercely criticize the notorious
"two assessments.'

"To criticize the 'two assessments’ is to defend Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung
thought. It is an important current combat task on the education front, and
is also an important content in the third battle to penetratingly expose and
criticize the 'gang of four'."

(Chang Hung-ta), a professor in the biology faculty of Chungshan University,
said: "Since the day the 'two assessments’ were devised, they have aroused
great resentment among the teachers. The old, middle-aged, and young teachers
were all discontented with this sort of assessment. The 'two assessments’
painted a very gloomy picture of the 17 years before the great cultural revolu-
tion and described the intellectuals as ‘stinking intellectuals.'

"A black ace general of the 'gang of four' in the Ministry of Education came
several times to Chungshan University and wildly shouted: ‘The backbone party
members around 40 are the most dangerous. These persons are lecturers on the
rostrum and are secretaries when they are not on the rostrum.’ However, iron-
clad facts have demonstrated that these 'two assessments’ and various fallacies
derived from them contain ulterior motives and are extremely absurd."

25



"Under the leadership of party committees, the cultural departments in all
places must first correctly and completely study Chairman Mao's literature
and art thought, continue to penetratingly criticize the crimes of the "gang
of four' in opposing learning from Ta-chai in cultural work, and thoroughly
eliminate their remnant poison and influence."

"It is essential to regard mass cultural work as a component part of learning
from Ta-chai in agriculture, and make it serve the socialist economic base.
We must give full play to the battle role of mass culture in the movement to
learn from Ta-chai in agriculture."

The conference also demanded that rural cultural work be carried out in spare
time, thriftily, on a small scale, in many forms, and regularly, with produc-
tion teams as the basic-level units. Mass spare-time cultural creation should
be vigorously developed. Professional literature and art workers should go to
rural areas and deep into basic-level units to provide guidance on mass cul-
tural work.

cso: 4005



POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

HUPEH HOLDS CONFERENCE ON CULTURAL WORK
Wuhan Hupeh Provincial Service in Mandarin 1300 GMT 20 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] The culture bureau of the Hupeh Provincial Revolutionary Committee
recently held a conference in Yingshan County on learning from Ta-chai in
cultural work. The participants in the conference learned and popularized
the experiences of Ta-chai and Hsi-yang in cultural work in order to greatly
promote popularization of the rural mass cultural activities in the province,
and make cultural work serve still better the mass movement to learn from
Ta-chai in agriculture and build Ta-chai-type counties everywhere.

The conference was attended by the directors of various prefectural, municipal,
and county culture bureaus, and responsible persons of literature and art
units at provincial level. During the conference, the representatives visited
Ta-chai, Hsi-yang, and Ying-shan county which is a progressive unit in learning
from Ta-chai, and which is a place where mass cultural activities have been
popularized. They were greatly educated and stimulated by their visits.

At the conference, the representatives discussed the province's experiences
in learning from Ta-chai in cultural work over the past few years. They held:
"Under the guidance of Chairman Mao's revolutionary literature and art line,
our province has unceasingly eliminated the 'gang of four's' interference in
and sabotage of mass cultural work, persisted in learning the experiences of
Ta-chai in cultural work, and brought about the new situation of greatly popu-
larizing the mass cultural activities. Progressive units, like Ying-shan,
Tang-yang, and Tien-men counties, have emerged."

This conference laid stress on summing up and popularizing the main experiences
in the rural mass cultural activities. In compliance with the requirements of
Chairman Hua to grasp the key link in running the country well and bring about
initial success this year and great success in 3 years, the representatives
have resolved to whip up an upsurge of the revolutionary emulation to learn
from Ta-chai and Hsi-yang, and to catch up with Ying-shan and Tang-yang in
cultural work. They have set eight criteria to be used in examining units to
see whether or not they have done a good job in learning from Ta-chai and
bringing about success in rural mass cultural work. The conference demanded:



however, the number increased to 2,184. The total number of students increased
from 2,156 to 210,000, and the number of teaching staff increased from 1,200 to
8,600. Basically all the children of peasants and workers were enrolled, and
the quality of education had been ceaselessly enhanced."

Other speakers at the forum also vigorously criticized the 'gang of four' in
relation to the "two assessments" and in distorting Chairman Mao's brilliant
thinking on education revolution.

cso: 4005

wy



and achievements will inevitably be followed by some shortcomings and mis-
takes. Comrades control selected basic units in the People's Armed Forces
Department should, in accordance with the spirit of the report made by Comrade
Chen Yung-kuei at the second national conference on learning from Ta-chai in
agriculture, organize the militiamen to bring their role into play in the
movement to learn from Ta~chai in agriculture and to advance agricultural pro-
duction. However, the fact that grain production here did not increase for
several consecutive years clearly shows that some problems still exist in
leading the militiamen to develop the movement to learn from Ta~chai in agri-
culture among the comrades leading selected basic units in the People's Armed
Forces Department. Importance should be attached to studying how to solve
them. The noble quality of a communist lies not only in working wholeheartedly
for the interests of the people, but also in not being afraid to talk about
shortcomings and mistakes in his own work, and in having the courage to study
and overcome such shortcomings and mistakes."

Will the disclosure of existing problems in leading the militiamen to develop
the movement to learn from Ta-chai in agriculture negate the achievements of
promoting militia work "organizationally, politically, and militarily"? Will
it negate the whole role played by the militiamen in the movement to learn
from Ta-chai in agriculture? So long as we respect objective facts and present
things as they are, talking about and studying shortcomings will not negate
achievements. If we do not talk about or study shortcomings and mistakes for
fear of negating achievements, and even adopt a policy of nonrecognition, that
can only result in covering up shortcomings, exaggerating achievements, and
telling lies. This could be very dangerous. Shortcomings and mistakes exist,
and they will not cease to exist because you do not discuss or study them.
Conversely, if you do not adopt the Marxist method of dialectical analysis in
dealing with achievements and shortcomings in work, then your subjective .
knowledge will not correspond with objective reality. This will give rise to
one-sidedness in work, and shortcomings and mistakes in work will not be
corrected. "We should understand that achievements and shortcomings are a
unity of opposites. In certain situations, things that are contradictory and
antagonistic transform themselves into each other. Our acknowledgement. and
analysis of shortcomings are for the purpose of correcting shortcomings and
transforming them into achievements. Not practicing 'one-dividing-into-two',
and seeing only achievements but not shortcomings, would be like covering up
one's eyes and blocking the road of our advance. How can we talk about making
progress and achievements this way?

"On the other hand, by talking about shortcomings, exposing contradictions,
letting the masses make analyses, eliciting serious consideration and attention
from everybody, affirming the orientation of efforts, relying on the wisdom and
strength of the masses, and diligently overcoming shortcomings and mistakes, we
can score more achievements as we work. Because of this, the idea that talking
about shortcomings will negate achievements is a sign of idealism and metaphysics.
Only by resolutely eliminating such idealist and metaphysical ideas can we achieve
a correct direction on the road of continuing the revolution, and continue to win
victories in socialist revolution and construction."

cso: 4005



Middle and primary schools have been set up everywhere in urban and rural
areas in the province. Facts have eloquently testified that, since the coun-
try was founded, Chairman Mao's thought has always shone over the education
front and Chairman Mao's education line has always played the leading part.

"The 'gang of four’ totally negated those 17 years. They directed their
spearhead at our great leader Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao's education line,

and the socialist system in order to serve their conspiracy to usurp party

and state power. The 'gang of four’ stigmatized all intellectuals as bourgeois
intellectuals and stinking scholars. They regarded them as the object for
dictatorship. They incited students to struggle against and change teachers.
It seriously impaired the activity of teachers."

[Liu Kai-sheng] said that the province now has some 140,000 university and
middle and primary school teachers, more than 95 percent of whom were trained
after liberation. The great majority of them have come from workers' and
peasants’ families. They have supported the party and have been faithful to
the party's education cause. Many of them have gloriously joined the CCP and
become activists in the education revolution. Old professors and old teachers
who were brought up in the old society have strived to transform their world
outlook under the party's education. They have made great progress. They
have worked diligently and made contributions to socialist revolution and con-
struction. He went on: "We must smash the spiritual shackles of the 'two
assessments’ and give better play to the role of teachers. We must do a good
job for the education revolution."

At the forum, (Meng Chin-chun), secretary of the Northwest Nationality College
party committee, said that in compliance with the spirit of Chairman Mao's
instruction on training minority nationality cadres, the college was set up
in August 1950 and was the first minority nationality school set up in the
country. By 1970, the college had some 600,000 books in its library, and had
some 600 teachers, staff, and workers who understood the party's nationality
policy, had acquired proficiency in national languages, and had received
training in teaching minority nationality people. The college had become an
institute of higher education for minority nationalities. The college had
trained nearly 10,000 cadres of 19 minority nationalities for the central
authorities, five provinces and regions in northwest China, Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region, and Tibet Autonomous Region.

He said: "However, the 'gang of four' and their agent in our province sabo-
taged the party's nationality policy, adopted despicable measures, and
privately decided to close down the Northwest Nationality College behind the
backs of the party Central Committee and the State Council, ignoring the
requirements of the people of all minority nationalities. They requisitioned
teaching equipment, burned books and data, and persecuted minority nationality
teachers so that. the Northwest Nationality College became a Place which was
seriously interfered’ with and sabotaged by the 'gang of four’ and their agent
in our province.

20



JPRS 70416

4 January 1978

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
No, 410

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

U. §. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE



Belittling and despising mental labor, as with belittling and despising physi-
cal labor, is in no way a Marxist viewpoint. As Chairman Mao put it, all

. mental laborers who associate with physical laborers and do not exploit others,

but are exploited, belong to the category of working people. This is what
Chairman Mao said in 1948. At present, almost all intellectuals are part of
the proletariat and work for socialism. How have they become "exploiters"?

Of course, this does not mean that there is no difference between mental labor
and physical labor. Intellectuals who are mainly engaged in mental labor
should see this difference, take an active part in collective productive
labor, persistently integrate themselves with the masses of workers and
peasants, and make strenuous efforts to transform their world outlook. Only
in this way can they make still greater contributions to the people.

The 'gang of four' thought that, just by spreading the fallacy that mental

labor should not be counted as labor, they could create a theoretical basis

for vilifying. the vast number of intellectuals as people of the "stinking ninth
category" and negate the party's policy of uniting with, educating, and trans-
forming the intellectuals. They were daydreaming. But, we should not allow

the pernicious influence of their fallacy to spread unchecked. We must criticize
the fallacy of the 'gang of four,’ eliminate its pernicious influence, and. give
due respect to all mental laborers who serve socialism. This is of vital
significance in arousing the activism of the vast number of intellectuals, and
attaining the magnificent goal of accomplishing the four modernizations. ‘

cso: 4005

43



"1, The purpose of socialist production is to meet the growing needs of the
state and the people, whereas capitalism and revisionism regard profits as

the purpose of production. Therefore, each enterprise must regard yielding
material wealth of all kinds as its task and must not one-sidedly go after
profits and make money purely for the sake of making money." It must adhere
to the proletarian line and policy of running an enterprise, firmly follow

the socialist road, adhere to the policy of developing the economy and insuring
supplies, and fully arouse the masses to increase production and practice
economy, lower costs, and make more profits. This line of management is by

no means "putting profits in command."

"2, Socialist enterprise produces in accordance with state plans. It prac~
tices the principle of 'planning first, price consideration second.’ It still
has to abide by the state plan in circumstances in which it gets little profits,
or has to operate at a loss temporarily because some products are underpriced
by the state out of consideration for the overall interests."

"3, Every socialist enterprise must "proceed from the overall interests in
its operation and management, cooperate well with other enterprises in
accordance with state planning," and must not go an anarchistic way to pursue
its narrow interests.

"4, Every socialist enterprise must first of all guarantee the quality of its
products and, with this precondition, strive to increase production, practice
economy, lower costs, and make more profits."

"Chairman Mao taught us long ago: ‘Every socialist business enterprise must
pay attention to doing everything possible to make maximum use of its manpower
and equipment. It must do everything possible to improve labor organization
and business management, and raise labor productivity, economize on manpower
and material resources where possible, and carry out labor emulation and eco-
nomic accounting in order to reduce production costs, raise personal income,
and increase accumulation year by year.' Every one of our enterprises must
persistently carry out Chairman Mao's directives, draw a clear line of demarca-
tion between yielding profits for the purpose of increasing accumulation and
‘putting profits in command,’ and make greater contributions toward accomplish-
ing the four modernizations and gradually improving the people's livelihood."

cso: 4005



the proletariat and the working people have confirmed the necessity and
rationality of surplus labor (surplus product) provided by the working people
in a socialist enterprise for the state and society, thereby also confirming
the necessity and rationality of the gains of an enterprise (as well as its
turnover to the state in tax) created by this kind of surplus labor." This
kind of surplus labor in socialist society is essentially different from
capitalist profit which embodies the ruthless exploitation of the proletariat
and the working masses by the bourgeoisie.

Why do we still refer to the proceeds derived from this kind of surplus labor
(surplus product) by a socialist enterprise as profits? "This is because the
commodity-money relationship still exists under the socialist system. Hence,
surplus labor (surplus product) still has to appear in the form of value."

"Marxism tells us that socialist accumulation is the only source we can count
on to expand socialist reproduction, and the net proceeds of a socialist enter-
prise (including its profits and turnover of tax) are the basic sources of
socialist accumulation." It can thus be seen that, in order to rapidly expand
socialist reproduction, all socialist enterprises must strive to increase
their turnover to the state in profits and tax.

Profits (and tax) derived from socialist enterprises are more than just funds
for expending socialist reproduction. Through state budgeting, a portion is
set aside as accumulation funds, the rest is earmarked as consumption funds.
"As Marx pointed out in 'Critique of the Gotha Program,’ this portion of
consumption funds is used to meet 'the general cost of administration not
directly belonging to production’ and 'the common satisfaction of needs, such
as schools, health services, etc,' and as ‘funds for those unable to work.'"
Hence, profits and tax turned over to the state by socialist enterprises are
of extremely great significance not only for expending socialist reproduction,
put also to the existence and development of all nonproduction sectors as well
as to the various aspects of state life as a whole. "It has a vital bearing .
not only on the speed of building socialism, but also on whether the dictator—
ship of the proletariat can be consolidated."

The 'gang of four' and their supporters also attacked socialist enterprises,

which yielded profits, of "putting profits in command." "The practice of

"putting profits in command' is a means through which the Soviet revisionist
renegade clique has restored capitalism. They make profits the central target .
above all other targets in the planning of a socialist enterprise, describing
profits as the motive force for the development of a socialist enterprise.

Of course, we must resolutely oppose this revisionist sickness of 'putting
profits in command.’ But still more important, we must criticize the misdeeds
performed by the 'gang of four' on the pretext of opposing 'putting profits
in command.'" They viciously equated socialist enterprises yielding profits |
on the basis of having fulfilled the state plan with the practice of "putting
profits in command" in order to create confusion and disrupt production. In
fact, there are differences in principle between the two. |



SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

PRINCIPLE, FUNCTION OF ANTI-ICBM WARNING SATELLITE

Peking HANG-K'UNG CHIH-SHIH [Aeronautical Knowledge] in Chinese No 9,
Sep 77, pp 45-47

[Article by T'ao Wang-p'ing [7118 2598 1627]: "Early Warning Satellites
Against Missiles"]

[Text] The chief task of defense is to quickly detect and
identify the launching and flight course of an enemy inter-
continental ballistic missile [ICBM], predict its bal-
listic parameters, target area and flight duration. The
utilization of early warning satellite is one means of ac-
complishing this task. This article priefly introduces the
general principles and functions of anti-missile early
warning satellite.

The great leader Chairman Mao pointed out long ago: "In ancient warfare,
the spear and the shield were used, the spear to attack and destroy the
enemy, and the shield to defend and preserve oneself. To the present day,
all weapons are still an extension of the spear and the shield." Both man-
made earth satellites and intercontinental ballistic missiles appeared in
1957. Owing to the great superiority of the intercontinental ballistic
missile in speed, altitude, range and power, the original warning system
against aircraft cannot deal with it. The emergence of the ICBM led to the
idea that infrared detectors installed on satellites could be used to detect
infrared energy radiation from an ICBM blast-off. Today, the anti-missile
early warning satellite has become one of the major parts of the anti-ICBM
early warning system. It can detect missile launching and boosting flight.
At present, detection and tracking of mid-course flight and re-entry flight
are still in the exploratory research stage.

In order to attain long-distance flight, the intercontinental ballistic mis-

sile must be launched to a high altitude. The following table shows basic
relations between missile range, altitude and flight duration:

56



FUKIEN DAILY CALLS FOR CONTINUING CRITICISM OF "GANG"
Foochow Fukien Provincial Service in Mandarin 0300 GMT 16 Nov 77 HK

[FU-CHIEN JIH-PAO 16 November editorial: "We Must Fight Well the Third
Battle of Exposing and Criticizing the ‘Gang of Four'"]

[Summary] The third battle to expose and criticize the 'gang of four' is the
key battle in carrying through to the end the great political revolution to
expose and criticize the 'gang of four' and in winning complete victory. This
battle is the continuation and deepening of the previous two battles. "Doing
a good job of fighting this battle is of vital and decisive significance for
thoroughly eliminating the ‘gang of four's' pernicious influence, for expand-
ing the results of the previous two battles, and for consolidating and
developing the great victories of the 11th line struggle in our province.

"In the third battle to expose and criticize the "gang of four' we must firmly
grasp the counterrevolutionary political program dispensed by the 'gang of
four', and deeply expose and criticize it." In order to achieve their crimi-
nal aim of usurping party and state power, the ‘gang of four’ meticulously
promoted the counterrevolutionary political program which said that veteran
cadres are democrats and democrats are capitalist roaders in a vain attempt

to strike down leading party, government, and military cadres at both central
and local levels who adhered to Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, to usurp

the supreme leadership of the party and state, to overthrow the dictatorship
of the proletariat, and to restore capitalism, This counterrevolutionary
political program is the manifestation of the 'gang of four's' counterrevolu-
tionary revisionist line which opposed Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary
line. “We must tightly control the 'gang of four's' counterrevolutionary
political program, deeply expose and criticize it, understand its theoretical
absurdity and its reactionary political nature, thoroughly expose and criticize
the evil counterrevolutionary intention of the 'gang of four' and their
followers in our province, and their serious threat to the revolutionary cause,
eliminate the pernicious influence of the ‘gang of four's' counterrevolutionary
revisionist line in politics, economics, ideology, culture, military, and party
affairs, and correct the line, ideology, and theory they confused. Only by so
doing can we truly understand Chairman Mao's great theory of continuing the

39



lecture hours was reduced from 400 to 250. The number of lecture hours on
human physiology was reduced from 530 to 145. Various courses were blended
into a big-scale chain-like coordination with clinical courses replacing the
fundamental courses. The classical work on Chinese medicine, 'A History of
Chinese Medicine,’ ‘Various Schools of Thought on Chinese Medicine', and other
courses were cancelled."

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eT



PEKING PAPER RAPS 'GANG' FOR CRIMES IN EDUCATION
Peking JIN-MIN JIH-PAO in Chinese 24 Nov 77 p 3 HK

[Article by the criticism group of the Shanghai Municipal Education Bureau:
"Before and After the Concoction of the 'Two Assessments’ by the 'Gang of
Four'"]

[Summary] "At a national conference on education held in 1971, the 'gang of
four' and their followers in Shanghai racked their brains and used all
despicable means to concoct the 'two assessments.' In the past few years,
these 'two assessments' have been like two clubs beating on the revolutionary
old cadres and forerunners and the intellectuals. They became spiritual
shackles and caused grave consequences on the education front, We must
thoroughly criticize these two counterrevolutionary 'assessments.'

"1, The 'gang of four' and their followers in Shanghai vigorously created
counterrevolutionary public opinion for concocting the 'two assessments.'"

In June 1969, Chang Chun-chiao and Yao Wen-yuan were in Shanghai deliberately
fostering the "outline of the revolution in education for middle and primary
schools in Shanghai municipality," which totally negated the achievements
scored on the education front and the role played by intellectuals in the 17
years after liberation.

On 18 November 1970, a follower of the 'gang of four’ in Shanghai came to
Shanghai Normal College and professed that education after liberation "essen~
tially aimed at training successors to capitalism and people for restoring
capitalism." He clamored that "in order to change the line it is necessary
to basically change the leadership," openly creating counterrevolutionary
public opinion for changing the regime and usurping party and state power.

On 18 March 1971, Hang Chung-chiao had a talk with a follower of the 'gang of
four' in Shanghai, setting the tone for the "two assessments" and telling him
to explain to the school cadres the policy toward intellectuals. So, the
Shanghai group tried to "unify thinking" before the national conference on
education was held. A follower of the 'gang of four' said: "Discussion of

yh



He said: "The 'gang of four' loosened their tongues in order to disrupt the
education front, seize power amid confusion, and restore capitalism. Under
the shadow of the 'two assessments,' education was seriously disrupted and we,
the teachers, also suffered a lot.

"We must thoroughly criticize the 'two assessments' and eliminate the remnant
poison before the education revolution can advance in big strides."

(Hu Shou-hsun), secretary of the party general branch of the faculty of animal
husbandry and veterinary medicine of South China Agricultural College, said:
"The 'gang of four' issued the 'two assessments' which injured people with
malicious words, solely because of their vicious intention to usurp party and
state power. This was a continuation of their counterrevolutionary political *
program."

He said: "With reference to the 'two assessments,' the "gang of four’ pub-
lished 'The Experience of Chaoyang Agricultural College’ and wildly attacked
the party. After wise leader Chairman Hua, and the party Central Committee
broke up the ‘gang of four’ in one blow, we immediately put up a big-character
poster which criticized the so-called ‘experience of Chaoyang Agricultural

College.' Everyone was in high spirits and was resolved to work enthusiasti-
cally.

"However, we must see that the remnant poison of the ultrarightist line of
the 'gang of four' was profound, and we must unfold mass criticism in a pene-
trating and persistent way, thoroughly eliminate its influence, and remove
the obstacle before we can make a sure and rapid progress in education."

Comrade (Huang Huan-shu), standing committee member of the party committee
of Chungshan University and vice chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of |
Chungshan University, is an old cadre who has been engaged in administrative
leadership work in education for 20 years. He said at the forum: "When L
first came to Chungshan University, there were only 10 Communist Party members.
Later, the number of party members gradually increased."

He said: "By the middle of the 1960's, one-quarter to one-third of the total
number of teachers were party members, and 60 percent of the teachers came

from worker-peasant families. They have displayed their roles as the backbones
of the university."

Comrade (Lo Yuan-kai), an old teacher of Chinese medicine who has been engaged
in Chinese medical education for 30 years, said: "Canton College of Chinese
Medicine suffered deeply from the pests of the "gang of four'. Some students
who had been registered with the college for only 6 weeks, and who had not
learned much about medicine, were sent down to the countryside to pursue
itinerant medical education. Some students, who had not even attended any
clinical courses, were sent down to the country, commune, and brigade medical
units to begin their practice without any theoretical guidance. The number of
fundamental courses on Chinese medicine was gradually reduced; the number of

26



AGRICULTURE

BRIEFS

FARM MACHINE OPERATION TRAINING--At present, the district in Kwangsi has
over 40 tractor and walking-tractor plants, internal combustion engine
plants, rice transplanting machine plants, spare parts and supply plants,
with over 8,300 production brigade agricultural machinery stations and the
number of agricultural machinery personnel is already over 230,000. To
adjust to the demands of the development of agricultural mechanization, the
autonomous district has trained a great number of machine operators. Apart
from some persons trained in agricultural machinery at universities without
a department of agricultural machinery, nearly 100 agricultural machinery
schools have been built at local, municipal and hsien levels to train
intermediate and beginning agricultural machinery technical personnel,
agricultural managerial cadres and agricultural machinery teachers. All
the communes in the district have established agricultural machinery train-
ing classes to train operators of tractors and other agricultural machines
for the communes and brigades. Agricultural middle schools have also gene-
rally established agricultural machinery courses or special classes on
agricultural machinery to train and prepare operators for the communes and
brigades. [Excerpt] [Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 3 Sep 77

p 1) 8226

AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT INDUSTRIES--The industries of Chiang-men City [3068
7024 1579] in Kwangtung Province have made great strides in serving agri-
culture. In the last 10 years, this city has had average annual increases
of 17 percent of output of production of agricultural support industries.
In the first half of this year the output completed created the highest
level in history for a similar period and at the same time successfully
text manufactured a group of new products including a harvester, a trice
transplanter, high efficiency pesticides and agricultural hormones. After
1958, Chiang-men City began to develop agricultural support industries and
in the past 10 years development has been even faster. Now there are in
the city 28 plants for nitrogen fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural ma-
chinery, diesel engines, gasoline engines and a group of small-scale com-
mune and neighborhood industries which serve the plants. The volume and
variety of agricultural machines is second in the province only to Canton.
[Excerpt] [Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 7 Sep 77 p 13] 8226

63



ARTICLE DECLARES SHORTCOMINGS MUST BE ACKNOWLEDGED
Peking KUANG-MING JIH-PAO in Chinese 22 Nov 77 p 3 HK

[Article by Shao Chun-sun [6730 0689 1327]: "Will the Talk of Shortcomings
Negate Achievements"? ]

[Summary] "In his political report to the 11th Party Congress, wise and
brilliant leader Chairman Hua pointed out: ‘We must study dialectical mate-
rialism and historical materialism and combat idealism and metaphysics.'
Recently, when going deep into the basic levels for investigation and study,
we discovered that, because some comrades did not properly grasp dialectical
materialism, there existed a kind of erroneous idea that talk of shortcomings
would negate achievements."

As part of an on-the-spot conference held by the military subdistrict on
promoting militia work "organizationally, politically and militarily," the
People's Armed Forces Department of a certain county had to write an article
on its experience in militia work. The comrades doing the writing used the
concept of one-dividing-into-two in analyzing the status of militia work, in
affirming achievements, and in summing up results, and also in pointing out
some existing problems. When this material was submitted to the leadership
for examination, some comrades believed that talking about shortcomings
negated the achievements in militia building, and advocated deleting these
references,

“Will talk of shortcomings, acknowledgement of problems, and exposure of con-
tradictions negate achievements? Will the deletion of references to existing
problems show greater achievements and no shortcomings in actual work? We
don't think so, In his instruction ‘Strive to learn from each other and don't
stick to the beaten path and be complacent' great leader Chairman Mao pointed
out: ‘A communist must acquire the Marxist dialectical concept of one~dividing-
into-two with regard to achievements and shortcomings, truth and falsehood.'
Dialectical materialism holds that the work of an individual, a department or
a district, invariably has both achievements and shortcomings, and may be
correct or wrong. So long as one works, shortcomings, and may be correct or
wrong. So long as one works, shortcomings will always accompany good points,



HANSI TACHING FORUM: URGES INCREASED CRITICISM OF 'GANG'
Taiyuan Shansi Provincial Service in Mandarin 2300 GMT 18 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] The political department of industry and communications and capital
construction of the Shansi Provincial CCP Committee recently held a forum at
the Shansi textile machinery works on learning from Ta-ching in industry for
some of the factories, mines, and other enterprises throughout the province.
Attending the forum were 187 people, including responsible comrades of the
political departments of industry and communications and capital construction
of the various prefectures and municipalities, and the offices of learning from
Ta-ching and key factories, mines, and enterprises. Han Ying, secretary of

the Shansi Provincial CCP Committee and vice chairman of the Provincial Revolu-
tionary Committee, gave a speech at the forum.

"The leaders of some units are complacent. They hold that the investigation
work has been done, criticism has already been conducted, and changes have
begun to appear in production. Enough exposure has been made. They want to
call it off. The leaders of other units also wrongly hold that when the four
pests were running rampant, no one in their units openly caused chaos, so there
is no poison to eradicate. They blindly underestimate the enemy. Investigation
work in some units is still progressing slowly, or has never been conducted.
Some leaders do not thoroughly understand the nature and important significance
of this struggle, and lack the kind of sworn hatred, which they had in the past
toward the Japanese aggressors, Chiang Kai-shek, the landlords, and the
"returning legion.’ They are afraid of the wolf in front and the tiger in
back. They are soft, and do not dare give free rein to the masses. This kind
of situation must be rapidly changed.

"The party committees at all levels. must follow the [word indistinct] and
demand of the provincial CCP committee and seriously check up on their previous
investigation work. In accordance with the situation in our own units, we must
formulate revolutionary measures and fight well in the third battle to expose

and criticize the 'gang of four'."

It was pointed out at the forum: "With regard to commerce and enterprises,
we must obtain a clearer picture from each one of them, adopt effective

1T



arms and ammunition production. After the party Central Committee, headed by
Chairman Hua, shattered the "gang of four's'’ plot to usurp party and state
power with one stroke, the 'gang of four's' handful of followers in Shanghai
felt that their doomsday was approaching and became panicstricken. They then
plotted a counterrevolutionary armed rebellion. At this critical moment ,

Chen A-ta, the lawless gangster, showed astonishing counterrevolutionary
arrogance. He maliciously vilified the party Central Committee headed by
Chairman Hua, clamoring that "I will fight a desperate battle even if I have

to lose my head." He also proposed that steel blocks be Placed on the airport
runway to disrupt air traffic, that vehicles be placed across railroads to cut
off land transportation, and that ships be sunk at the Wusung estuary to block-
ade the port. He cried for electricity and water supply stoppages, for a general
striké, and for issuing a message to the people of the world.

However, under the shining radiance of Mao Tsetung thought, this small handful
of counterrevolutionary clowns were bound to reach a despicable end before the

hundreds of millions of army men and people led by the party Central Committee
headed by chairman Hua!

cso: 4005

5k



(10) Auxiliary sensor for detecting nuclear explosion radiation
(11) Nozzles of 3-axial attitude-control propulsion jets

(12) Solar cell panel

(13) Sunlight shield to protect infrared sensor

From Figure 3, we can see that there are structural similarities between

early warning satellite and communication satellite, such as 3-axial propul-
sion jets to control attitude, solar cell panels for producing electric energy,
transmission antenna for sending down infrared and visible light sensor data,
receiving antenna for picking up satellite operational control instruction
signals from the earth's surface. The satellite rotates at 5 to 7 rotations
per minute to maintain stability of the main axis position, the sun direction
sensor keeps the solar cell panels facing the sun and maintains stellar
position.

The structural diagram (Figure 3) shows that the satellite not only carries
infrared and visible light sensors to detect missiles, but also nuclear ex-
plosion radiation sensor as an additional function to detect nuclear ex-
plosions.

The infrared sensor employed in the satellite above is a row-type detector
composed of 2000 lead sulphide infrared sensitive components. Each component
can cover 13.7 square km of ground surface, totaling 27,400 square km simul-
taneously. In operation, the satellite sensor is set to the coverage area and
scans the surface in a certain order. Infrared sensor output signals are
modulated, amplified and digitized. A visible light sensor is a TV picture-
taking device. When the infrared sensor detects an ICBM lift-off, automatic
controls automatically aim the visible-light sensor at the missile, and the
satellite automatically televises pictures to the ground station.

It is reported that early alarm satellites can detect missile at very high
speed. Generally, missile detection takes place within 90 minutes after
take-off.

At present, the main problem of the early warning satellite is the significant
reduction of sensitivity after the infrared detector has worked for a long
time, causing critical cooling problem inside the detector. When passing over
certain areas on earth, solar energy becomes too strong for the infrared
detector to work normally. For example, when the warning satellite closes in
on a straight line with the sun, solar rays may enter directly into the
satellite and affect the infrared detector. In battle, early warning satel-
lites are easily attacked and destroyed by enemy anti-satellite weapons.

Owing to the diversification of modern offensive weapons which has outmoded
the simple "one against one" method, it has become necessary to develop
diversified detection methods for early warning satellites against missiles.
Moreover, in such warning systems, the earlier the alert the better. The
method currently employed is to combine early warning satellites, super-range

61



concert with Lin Piao and the 'gang of four,' desperately pushed their counter-
revolutionary political program, and did their utmost to implement the counter-
revolutionary revisionist line. They flagrantly opposed the party, created
chaos in the army, insanely engaged in class revenge, and exercised a fascist
dictatorship over the broad masses of cadres and people. They attacked by
reasoning but defended by force. Using various kinds of punitive instruments,
they tirelessly tortured and cruelly persecuted those cadres and masses who
refuted their counterrevolutionary acts. Their tactics were vicious and their
tortures cruel. Many veteran cadres, workers, poor and lower-middle peasants,
heroes, and moddel workers were victims of their persecution, Some of them
were beaten to death, some disabled, and others became mentally ill after pro-
longed torture. Many others suffered ruined homes and had family members
killed." -

Comrade Li Yu continued: "Holding high Chairman Mao's great banner, our wise
leader Chairman Hua smashed the ‘gang of four’ in one stroke, thus saving our
country, our party, and the people of Tsinan municipality. We must whip up a
new enthusiasm in exposing and criticizing the 'gang of four' throughout the
city, thoroughly expose and criticize the ultrarightist essence of the 'gang's'
counterrevolutionary revisionist line, completely wipe out their pernicious
effects and influence, and destroy their bourgeois factional setups. We must
carry forward the spirit of "beating dogs already in the water" and strive to
win complete victory."

A representative from the air force unit attached to the Tsinan PLA units
reported how his father was cruelly persecuted by the "gang's" henchmen, and
a factory worker told the meeting how his father. was beaten.to death by them.

cso: . 4005

34



LUTA PUBLIC SECURITY PERSONNEL CRITICIZE 'GANG'
Luta City Service in Mandarin 0400 GMT 15 Nov 77 SK

[Excerpts] Bearing closely in mind the actual events in Luta and their own
units, comrades of the party organization of the Luta public security office
have thoroughly exposed and criticized the "gang's" sworn follower in Liaoning
and his confederates in Luta as well as the sinister cat's paw planted by the
"gang's" followers in the Luta public security bureau for their crimes in
frenziedly spreading and pushing the "gang's" counterrevolutionary political

program.

After the death of great leader and teacher Chairman Mao, the "gang's" sworn
follower and confederates in Liaoning convened a so-called two chiefs conference.
After that, the Luta confederates of the "gang's" sworn follower and his
sinister cat's paw in the Luta public security bureau went one step further to
convene a four chiefs' conference attended by chiefs of the public security
bureau, the organization department, the local court, and the militia command
in order to solve the problems of inefficiency and ambiguity in the struggle
against "the bourgeois class within the party." At the conference, they
decided to force the organization department and other units concerned of the
public security bureau to hold conferences, combine offices, and make arrange—
ments, step by step, to direct the struggle at veteran cadres within the party.

After the break up of the ‘gang of four', the gang's sworn follower in Liaoning
and his confederates in Luta, unwilling to give up, adopted many conspiratorial
measures to direct the spearhead of dictatorship at the revolutionary veteran
cadres within the party in a vain attempt to destroy to their satisfaction

the leading veteran cadres in the Luta party committee. On the other hand,
they tried their utmost to cover up the criminal actions and lawlessness
wantonly committed by a handful of class enemies and their factional brothers.

The "gang's" sworn follower in Liaoning and his confederates in Luta, as well
as his sinister cat's paw in the Luta public security bureau, also carried out
dismissal operations against the veteran cadres in the public security organi-
zation of Luta in a vain attempt to bring down the public security apparatus.

35



LIFE HISTORY OF SHANGHAI'S CHEN A-TA EXPOSED
Shanghai City Service in Mandarin 0000 GMT 20 Nov 77 OW

[Excerpts of article by mass criticism group of Industry and Communications
Department, Shanghai Municipal Revolutionary Committee, published in Shanghai's
two newspapers on 20 November: "What Kind of Man Is Chen A-ta?"]

[Excerpts] Wise leader Chairman Hua pointed out in his political report at

the 11th CCP National Congress: "Totally negating Chairman Mao's scientific
analysis of the classes in our society in the period of socialism, the ‘gang

of four' concocted an absurd theory about 'the new changes in class relations

in the socialist period.’ By 'the new changes' they meant that veteran cadres
had turned into 'capitalist roaders', and veteran workers into 'people with
vested interests." Young workers were 'even worse.’ Poor and lower-middle
peasants ‘lagged behind ideologically' in the socialist revolution, and intellec-
tuals were 'the stinking ninth category.'"

However, landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements,
monsters and freaks such as Ma Tien-shui, Yu Hui-yung, Chih Chun, Chang Tieh-
sheng, Wen Sheng-ho, and Chen A-ta, the bunch of political careerists, rene-
gades, newborn counterrevolutionaries, hoodlums, and persons engaging in beat-
ing, smashing, and looting, were the so-called advanced elements the 'gang'
relied on.

Chen A-ta, a hoodlum who engaged in beating, smashing, and looting, had been
chosen by the 'gang of four’ long ago. Chang Chun-chiao had personally pro-
posed that Chen A-ta be given immediate admission into the party, and had
appointed him as No 2 leader of the Industry and Communications Department of
the Shanghai Municipal Revolutionary Committee, vice chairman of the Shanghai
Municipal Trade Union Council, standing committee member of the Shanghai
Municipal Revolutionary Committee, standing committee member-at-invitation of
the Shanghai Municipal CCP Committee, deputy to the 4th NPC and member of the
NPC standing committee.

Now let's strip off Chen A-ta's masks and see what kind of man Chen A-ta was,
and why the "gang of four' recruited him.

50



HOPEI MEETING CRITICIZES 'GANG'S' 'TWO EVALUATIONS'
Shihchiachuang Hopei Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 20 Nov 77 OW

[Excerpts] On 19 November, the Hopei Provincial Education Bureau called a
discussion meeting of responsible persons of the Shihchiachuang prefectural
and municipal education bureaus as well as representatives of college, middle,
and primary school teachers and students. Armed with Mao Tsetung thought, and
in the light of actual conditions, the comrades present at the meeting
thoroughly exposed and criticized the various fallacies spread by the "gang
of four," resolutely denounced the mental shackles placed on the broad masses
of educational workers and intellectuals by the "gang of four", and were
determined to hold high Chairman Mao's great banner, work hard and seek rapid
progress under the leadership of the party Central Committee, headed by Chair-
man Hua, so as to push education forward as soon as possible.

(Tung Jen-sen), deputy director of the Provincial Education Bureau, said:
How to evaluate the situation on the educational front and the status of
intellectuals during the 17 years prior to the Great Cultural Revolution is
a major question concerning the line and the whole situation. As a matter of
fact, the educational front in those 17 years, just like all other fronts,
was always dominated by Chairman Mao's revolutionary line. The role played
by the intellectuals on the educational front in socialist undertakings, as
well as their progress in politics and ideology, should be fully affirmed.

However, the "gang of four" babbled: "For 17 years, Chairman Mao's proletarian
line on education had not been basically implemented. On the educational
front, the bourgeoisie exercised its dictatorship over the proletariat. The
majority of the teachers and students trained during these 17 years basically
held a bourgeois world outlook. They were bourgeois intellectuals." They
vainly attempted to negate Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, madly slandered
and attacked the excellent situation existing on the educational front after
liberation, and shamelessly tampered with the party. policy on intellectuals.
The "gang of four" continued to create chaos on the educational front,

reversed right and wrong, and turned the political line upside down. Their
vicious motive was to utilize the problem of education as one of their important
means to engage in antiparty activities and overthrow large numbers of leading

23



were tearfully watching the television program on the mourning of Premier
Chou, Chen A-ta began to wildly attack Premier Chou. He overbearingly
dispersed the crowd watching the television program, and amused himself by
playing table tennis with his associates. He was extremely reactionary!

During the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucious, Chen A-ta joined
Ma Tien-shui and others to ferret out the so-called "typical persons negating
the two things," to label numerous revolutionary cadres in bureau, company,
and basic-level party organizations as restorationists, and to order that they
be criticized and repudiated, thereby fanning up the evil wind of overthrowing
and attacking revolutionary cadres on the industrial and communications front.

After Chairman Mao died, the 'gang of four' accelerated toward usurping the
supreme leadership of the party and state. Chen A-ta followed them closely.
Kuomintang agent Chang Chun-chiao said to a follower in the Industry and
Communications Department: "Some revolutionary committees should be investi-
gated. Revolutionary committees outside Shanghai can no longer play their
roles. Shanghai should speak out." This follower revealed to Chen A-ta their
master's great idea. Chen A-ta immediately returned to the (Liangkung) valve
plant and drew up a so-called investigation report on the revolutionary com—
mittee of the (Liangkung) valve plant, viciously launched groundless attacks
against many responsible comrades at the central and local levels, and showed
deep hatred for the plant's revolutionary committee.

In January 1976, the great leader Chairman Mao proposed that Comrade Hua Kuo-
feng take charge of the daily activities of the party Central Committee and
become acting premier of the State Council. This was approved by the Political
Bureau of the party Central Committee. On 3 February, Chang Chun-chiao wrote
the antiparty article "Thoughts of 3 February 1976," directing the spearhead
of attack at Chairman Mao and Comrade Hua Kuo-~feng. Opposing Chairman Mao,
Chen A-ta wildly attacked Comrade Hua Kuo-feng at the valve plant, alleging
that "acting premier: we are not at ease," "the rightist force in the State
Council is tremendous," and "don't slacken our vigilance as a result of the
dead tiger; we must catch the living tiger," thus creating a bloodthirsty
atmosphere.

In April, the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao proposed, and the Politi-
cal Bureau of the party Central Committee approved, the appointment of

Comrade Hua Kuo-feng as first vice chairman of the party Central Committee

and premier of the State Council. Like the ‘gang of four,’ Chen A-ta expressed
his hatred over Chairman Mao's wise policy decision, and hysterically shouted:
"The 'four elements’ are not our main danger. The main danger is the party
Central Committee and the arena of struggle also lies within the Central Com-
mittee." Thus he barefacedly revealed the wolfish ambition of the 'gang of
four' and their followers to quickly usurp the supreme leadership of the

party and state.

After the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao died, Chen A-ta and his masters
thought the time was ripe; they held many secret meetings and urged increased

53



radars and airborne warning control systems such that they may complement one
another. This not only enlarges detection range, but also reduces false
alarms and eliminates the possibility of missing any launched missile. In
terms of the mathematical theory of probability, the increase of detection
probability reduces the probability of false alarm.

Satellite infrared detectors can also be used for spotting nuclear submarines
60 meters below the sea surface. As a nuclear submarine must release an
enormous amount of heat to cool its nuclear power unit, the temperature of
sea water around the submarine often increases by 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius.
The current type of infrared detection devices in use can measure sea tem-
perature from a satellite moving several hundred km in orbit. Its tempera-
ture detection range is -80°C to 35°C, with a tolerance of only + 0.2°C,
which enables satellites to locate nuclear submarines. At present, such
infrared detectors have not yet been perfected for practical use. .

9119
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62



CONTENTS (Continued) Page

Kwangtung Paper Holds Forum Criticizing 'Two Assessments’
(Kwangtung Provincial Service, 20 Nov 77) ...essecee 25

Kwangtung Colleges Criticize 'Two Assessments'
(Kwangtung Provincial Service, 20 Nov 77) ..esssese- 28

Kirin Propaganda Organs Criticize 'Gang of Four'
(Kirin Provincial Service, 15 Nov 77) wssseceecseees 31

Tsinan Meeting Accuses 'Gang' of Fascist Crimes
(Shantung Provincial Service, 20 Nov 77) .s.sssceese 33

Luta Public Security Personnel Criticize ‘Gang'
(Luta City Service, 15 Nov 77) .sccccecsccececcscecs 35

Sinkiang Article Urges Renewed Action Against ‘Gang'
(Hsu Sheng-chao; Sinkiang Regional Service, 17 Nov 77) 37

Fukien Daily Calls for Continuing Criticism of ‘Gang!
(Editorial; Fukien Provincial Service, 16 Nov 77) ... 39

People's Daily Attacks 'Gang's' View of Mental Labor
(Fang Chih; JEN-MIN JIH-PAO, 22 Nov 77) .ecesceceeces 4a

Peking Paper Raps 'Gang' for Crimes in Hducation
(TIN-MIN JIH-PAO, 24 NOV 77) cccccsessssesecvescecece 4h

Hupeh Holds On-The-Spot Meeting on Civil Mediation Work

(Hupeh Provincial Service, 20 Nov 77) -eccecescecseves 46
Article Marks Anniversary of Hungho Prefecture

(Yunnan Provincial Service, 21 Nov 77) ecscecceceeces 48
Sian Rally Criticizes Former Municipal Leaders

(Shensi Provincial Service, 23 Nov 77) scccscceceeees 4g
Life History of Shanghai's Chen A-ta Exposed

(Shanghai City Service, 20 Nov 77) ..ccecesceccccevee 50
Briefs

Yunnan Criticizes 'Gang of Four' 55

Changsha Criticizes 'Gang' 55

Hunan Publishing Work 55

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

Principle, Function of Anti-ICBM Warning Satellite
(T'a0 Wang-p'ing; HANG-K'UNG CHTH-SHIH, Sep 17) ooeee 56

-b-



knowledge. Even Marxism would have to be negated because this theory of the
proletarian revolution was created by Marx and Engels after long-term strenuous
mental labor in summing up the experience of the vast number of workers in
struggle, and in critically taking over and transforming the excellent cul-

tural legacies of history. Moreover, all Chinese and foreign natural sciences,
social scientific theories, and literature and art of the present and past

would have to be totally negated, because these things are products of mental
labor, although they are based on material Production done by physical laborers.
The wheel of history would have to be turned back a few thousand years to the .
primitive society, because labor began to be divided into physical and mental

labor at the end of the primitive society. The “theory of negating mental

labor formulated by the "gang of four' was very absurd! .

According to this fallacy of the 'gang of four,’ not only is the labor done by
the vast number of intellectuals not counted as labor, but the labor done by
many workers should also be excluded from the sphere of labor. As we know,
thanks to the development of science and technology, more and more industrial
departments have automated their production processes. What the workers do in
these places is chiefly to watch the meters, take down data, and push buttons.
This kind of labor involves a much smaller consumption of physical energy,

Won't this kind of labor be negated if only the work done with a hoe or a
hammer can be called labor? Actually, all kinds of physical labor include
some mental labor. Don't the peasants have to rack their brains if they want
to farm their land well and reap a bumper harvest? Don't the workers have to
rack their brains if they want to do their work well and achieve a high output
of fine products? The view that physical labor needs no intelligence, and
physical laborers "have well-developed limbs but are simple-minded", has al-
ways represented the abuse and vilification of the masses of workers and
peasants by the exploiting classes. Isn't the fallacy of the "gang of four’
identical with this view?

Some comrades hold that mental labor means sitting in an office where one can
work very easily and achieve by doing some figuring and writing something.

This view is incorrect. In fact, mental labor is a kind of very arduous and
complicated labor. When an engineer designs a Project, and a writer or artist
creates something, they need to consume much of their energies. It is beyond
doubt that a scientist engaged in some kind of research on basic theory often
has to work persistently and arduously for a few years, or even a few decades
before scoring a major achievement. Mental labor in some spheres includes a
certain amount of physical labor. For instance, some technicians sit at their
desks and draw charts. After a day's work, their waists and backs often hurt.
In operating on a patient, a surgeon often has to work continuously for 5 or

6 hours, 7 or 8 hours, or even longer. This not only requires a high degree of
concentration and the application of high-level medical knowledge and skills,
but also intensive work with both hands and a race against time. This requires
much mental as well as physical exertion. In short, a valuable result is
always gained by arduous labor. This is true of both physical and mental labor.

he



revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, handle the basic prin-
ciple of distinguishing between true and false capitalist minded, correctly
understand and carry out the party's basic line in the historical period of
socialism, and better implement the line of the 11th National Party Congress.

"In the third battle to expose and criticize the 'gang of four' we must, in
close connection with reality in our province and in all localities, depart-
ments, units, and fronts, thoroughly eliminate the pernicious influence of the
‘gang of four'." The followers of the 'gang of four' in our province franti-
cally pushed the 'gang of four's' counterrevolutionary political program.

They opposed Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line, fabricated accusa-—
tions, and directed the spearhead at Chairman Mao, Chairman Hua, Premier Chou,
and the party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua. They conducted
counterrevolutionary conspiratorial activities, and vainly attempted to usurp
the leadership of the provincial CCP Committee and of the party committees at
all levels. Their crimes were serious, and their pernicious influence was
great.

"In the third battle, we must continue to strongly proceed with investigative
work and investigate the people and events connected with the ‘gang of four's'
conspiratorial activities to usurp party and state power. As for the bourgeois
factional network of the 'gang of four' and their followers, and just as we
did with the Japanese bandits and Chiang Kai-shek, we must deeply hate it,
resolutely struggle against it, and thoroughly eliminate it." We must not
underestimate the serious crimes and the pernicious influence of the counter-
revolutionary political program of the 'gang of four’ and their followers in
our province. We must seriously deal with it, expose it and criticize it.

"In the third battle to expose and criticize the 'gang of four,' we are
required to conscientiously study the works of Marx, Lenin, and Chairman Mao,
Chairman Hua's political report at the 11th National Party Congress, the new
party constitution, Vice Chairman Yeh's report on the revision of the party
constitution, and Vice Chairman Teng's closing speech. We must master the
powerful ideological weapon and conduct the struggle effectively.

"Party committees at all levels must truly strengthen leadership over the
movement, further mobilize the people, closely guide the movement to deeply
expose and criticize the 'gang of four's' counterrevolutionary revisionist line
with the struggle to strike blows at embezzlers, grafters, and speculators, and
with the movement to continue to investigate the people and events connected
with the conspiratorial activities of the 'gang of four,’ and unify the
struggle to expose and criticize the 'gang of four' with the movements to
learn from Ta-ching in industry and from Ta-chai in agriculture. Only by so
doing can we succeed in fighting the third battle of exposing and criticizing
the 'gang of four' and win a complete victory politically, ideologically, and
organizationally."

cso: 4005

40



AGRICULTURAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH--In the midst of profoundly developing the
mass movement "In Agriculture, Learn from Ta-chai" and "Extend Ta Chai-hsien"
the Ho-ch'ih [3109 3069] Region mass type agricultural science experiment
activity is flourishing. At the present time in this region there are over
16,400 agricultural science institutes, stations and groups which form a
five-tiered agricultural science network of region, hsien, commune, large
team and production brigade levels with over 78,200 agricultural science
personnel at all levels, forming a large agricultural science technical
army. To train even more minority peoples agricultural science personnel,
an agricultural science school has been created and an agricultural science
specialization has been established at 10 "May Seventh" universities, at
the same time, each year a group of minority peoples agricultural science
personnel are sent to agricultural science colleges and schools so they
will be of even greater use in the movement "In Agriculture, Learn from
Ta-chai." [Excerpt] [Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 24 Sep 77

pp 8-9] 8226

NEW RICE VARIETIES DEVELOPED--In a relatively short time, the Ch'in-chou
Prefectural Agricultural Research Institute, by successively using the
haploid breeding method, has bred two new varieties of upland nonglutinous
rice---"Tsao-tan 7301" and Wan-Tan No. 7." This is another of our nation's
scientific successes in using the haploid breeding method. It further
enriches our nation's scientific theory and practical experience is breed~
ing and is of major significance to our agricultural development. These
two new varieties of upland nonglutinous rice were successfully bred in
1973 and 1974 respectively. After several years of trial planting in
fields, the new haploid variety "Tsao-tan 7301" which has the character-
istics of early rice and is sensitive to warmth was developed. The plant
is medium-sized, has moderate tillering capability and is able to resist
bacterial leaf blight. The earing rate is high and the kernals are full
weight. In general the per mou yield is 7-900 catties with higher yields
attaining more than 1000 catties. Compared to locally planted fine strains,
the increased in yields is about 15 percent. The new haploid variety "Wan-
tan No. 7" is an early-late hybrid type sensitive to warmth. The plant has
a medium to short stem which is sturdy. Its growth is orderly. The plant
is compact in form and medium-sized. It is tolerant to fertilizer and
resistant to lodging. Its fructification rate is high. Generally the per
mou yield is 6-900 catties with higher yields attaining 1000 catties.
[Text] [Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 17 Sep 77 p 4]

cso: 4006 END

65



REPORTER REFUTES 'GANG'S' OPPOSITION TO 'THE 17 YEARS'
Peking NCNA Domestic Service in Chinese 1205 GMT 24 Nov 77 OW

[Article by NCNA reporter: "An Out-and-Out Ultrarightist Slogan--Exposing
and Criticizing the 'Gang of Four's' So-called 'Stand in Direct Opposition
to the 17 Years'"]

[Excerpts] Peking, 24 November-—-in carrying out their conspiratorial activi-
ties to usurp party and state power, the 'gang of four' shouted at the top of
their voices for people to "stand in direct opposition to the 17 years." - This
out-and-out ultrarightist, counterrevolutionary slogan was publicly uttered by
them.

In the current upsurge to criticize the "two assessments," numerous cadres,
people and educators are exposing and criticizing the 'gang of four's' counter-
revolutionary slogan with spoken and written words in order to lay bare its
reactionary nature.

It is now clear that the so-called "stand in direct opposition to the 17

years" was conceived in coordination with the 'gang of four's' "two assessments,"
a theoretical basis that the 'gang of four' concocted for the sake of usurping
party and state power. The "direct opposition" was their slogan for action.

In 1971, after the 'gang of four’ published the "two assessments," which
negated the 17 years preceding the Great Cultural Revolution, they and their
sworn followers, aides, and sinister henchmen began to fight vigorously and
"stand in direct opposition to the 17 years." They stirred up evil wind and
conflict everywhere, carried out activities to "oppose the reverse current"
and to "oppose capitalist restoration", and created the "Ma Chen-fu incident"
and the "Yunglo middle school incident."

Besides conducting "direct opposition," they secretly planned and held a so-
called "on-the-spot meeting" at Chaoyang, Liaoning Province, in December 1974.
At this meeting, Chih Chun, the 'gang of four'’s' sinister henchman, ganged up
with that sworn follower in Liaoning and told of the so-called "experience of
the Chaoyang Agricultural College," openly waving the counterrevolutionary
signboard, "stand in direct opposition to the 17 years."

10



Becoming ever more audacious, Chen A-ta, following the example of a very
criminal fellow in the sports department, set up a so-called (?hoodlum-

reform) section in the (Liangkung) valve plant. The section was ostensibly
formed for the purpose of arresting gangsters and hoodlums and maintaining
public order. Actually, this section engaged in criminal activities, disturbed
social order, detained innocent people, and tortured them in an extremely
inhumane manner. It even dragged in young women from the streets, stripped
their clothes from them, callously insulted them, and beat them up.

Chen A-ta also relentlessly retaliated against comrades whose opinions were
different from his. A comrade at the (Liangkung) valve plant wrote a big-
character poster entitled "Guard against the poisonous snake" to ‘expose the
background of Chen A~ta and company. With intense hatred, Chen A-ta later
labeled this comrade a counterrevolutionary, illegally searched his house,
detained him at the (?hoodlum reform) section, and ordered people to take
turns in clubbing him. Chen A-ta taped the sad screams of this victim, played
it for the comrade's family, and forced his family to persuade him to plead
guilty to whatever false charges were made against him.

Chen A-ta confided to his friends: "Wang Hung-wen is extremely close to
Chang Chun-chiao and I am extremely close to Wang Hung-wen." He swore that
he would maintain this closeness with Wang Hung-wen and defend Chang Chun-
chiao with his own life. Cherishing Chen A-ta as an extremely valuable
person, Chang Chun-chiao once told Wang Hung-wen: "A worker-cadre like Chen
A-ta is very rare and, therefore,.very precious. We should train and promote
worker-cadres like Chen A-ta. If we cannot stay on the safe side of Chen
A-ta, you'll become a lone commander. People say that I rely on bad fellows
and that, if Chen A-ta leaves, I'll be overthrown." Newborn bourgeois element
Wang Hung-wen said even more bluntly: "Lin Piao could train and develop people
like (Chou Yu-chih) and (Yu Ching-i). Why can't we?"

Facts fully show that the 'gang of four' represented the scum of society such
as Chen A-ta and company, and that Chen A-ta and people like him were the
backbone force for the 'gang of four's’ restoration of capitalism.

Chen A-ta was also an out-and-out counterrevolutionary hatchetman for the "gang
of four." During the Ninth CCP National Congress, under the direction of the
“gang of four,’ the 'gang' followers ignored severe criticism by Chairman Mao
and Premier Chou and forced Comrade Chen I, then bedridden with illness, to

the Shanghai Group [Shanghai Hsiao Tsu 0006 3189 1420 4809] to face so-called
criticism, The hoodlum, Chen A-ta, launched the initial onslaught. Imitating
the tone of his master Chang Chun-chiao, he slandered Comrade Chen I who had
followed Chairman Mao in his national struggle, and had made outstanding
contributions. He even forced Comrade Chen I to give a full account of his
so-called crimes in opposing the Great Cultural Revolution.

What was even more inexcusable was that when our esteemed and beloved Premier

Chou died, when people throughout the country were extremely sad, and when
many comrades of the Shanghai Municipal Industry and Communications Department

52



Infrared Ray and Infrared Detector

The detection of ICBM by early warning satellite is achieved primarily through
the use of infrared detector. To explain this, the author will first dis-
cuss infrared rays and infrared detectors.

"There is nothing except moving matter in the world." This has been fully
verified by scientific experiment--all matter in the world is in perpetual
motion, and there is no such thing as absolute rest. Any object whose
temperature is above absolute zero (-273°C) radiates infrared rays. This

is where infrared rays originate from. Figure 2 shows relation between
infrared radiation intensity and wave length. In the diagram, the highest
point of each absolute temperature curve is called peak value. The wave

of each peak value varies at different absolute temperatures T (°K) basically
in accordance with the law expressed in the following formula:

2826 (micron-degree)

Leak ~ “tT (absolute temperature)
3000
T

(micron)
In the above formula, absolute temperature T (°K) is:

T (°K) = t (°C) + 273°
where (°C) is the same Celsius temperature we use in daily life, and when
t = -273°C, T becomes 0°K, which is absolute zero. Because there is no
absolute static matter in the world, absolute zero does not exist, and can-
not be attained. = =

WHR.
3
8
Es

ae ee
2 « 6 aio 8

oS RGR)
Figure 2. Relations Between Infrared Radiation Intensity and Wave Length

Key: 1. Radiation Intensity
2. Wave Length (microns)

58



In the struggle to criticize the "two assessments," educators as well as the
numerous cadres and masses deeply hated this "direct opposition" preached by
the 'gang of four.' They angrily said: Using the tactic of negating the
achievements of the proletarian revolution, the 'gang of four' frantically
attacked the party, people, and socialism. This was the same counterrevolu-
tionary approach previously used by the bourgeois rightists in their attacks
against the party. This fully proves that the ‘gang of four' are truly
atrocious ultrarightists.

CSO: 4005



JPRS 70416
4 January 1978

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

No. 410

CoNTENTS Pace

POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

Hupeh Holds Confererice on Cultural Work
(Hupeh Provincial Service, 20 Nov 77) cscscsccseececes

Article Declares Shortcomings Must Be Acknowledged
(Shao Chun-sun; KUANG-MING JIH-PAO, 22 Nov 77) ....+.-

PRC Economist Discusses Profits Under Socialism
(Hsu Ti-hsin; JEN-MIN JIH-PAO, 22 Nov 77) ...eeseeeeee

Shansi Holds Second Meeting on Student Enrollment Work
(Shansi Provincial Service, 19 Nov 77) .-ccsecesecsees

Reporter Refutes 'Gang's' Opposition to 'The 17 Years'
(NCNA Domestic Service, 24 Nov 77) scecceevceeceeccees

Nanchang Education Bureau Forum Criticizes 'Two Assessments'
(Kiangsi Provincial Service, 21 Nov 77) ..-seeeseceeee

Tsinghua University Leader Criticizes 'Gang'
(Ho Tung-chang; Peking Domestic Service, 21 Nov 77) ..

Hansi Taching Forum Urges Increased Criticism of 'Gang'
(Shansi Provincial Service, 18 Nov 77) ..scseceseeseee

Kansu Holds Forum To Criticize 'Two Assessments!
(Kansu Provincial Service, 23 Nov 77) secscecesscsecee

Szechwan Education Workers Score 'Gang's' 'Two Assessments’
(Szechwan Provincial Service, 23 Nov 77) .secececeeeee

Hopei Meeting Criticizes 'Gang's' 'Two Evaluations’
(Hopei Provincial Service, 20 Nov 77) .csececececeaees

-a- (III - cc ~ 80S & T]

10

13

aD)

17

19

22

23



TSINAN MEETING ACCUSES 'GANG' OF FASCIST CRIMES

e

Tsinan Shantung Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 20 Nov 77 OW

[Summary] On the morning of 19 November, a meeting was held by Tsinan
municipality to condemn the "gang of four's" crimes in exercising a fascist
dictatorship. Using ironclad facts, the meeting charged the "gang" and their
accomplices in Tsinan, including (Tan Hsin-kai), (Meng Ching-chih), and (Chang
Wei-chih), with maneuvering and abetting bourgeois factional setups, persecuting
cadres, and suppressing the revolutionary masses. Those attending the meeting
were firmly determined to launch a massive attack against the "gang's" counter-
revolutionary revisionist line so as to win complete victory in the campaign

to expose and criticize the "gang of four."

"The central meeting site was in the provincial stadium. In addition, there
were more than 600 branch meeting sites. Nearly one million people from
provincial offices as well as urban and rural areas of Tsinan municipality
participated in the meeting or listened to the proceedings. The meeting was
presided over by (Chen Kuang-chi), deputy secretary of the Tsinan Municipal
Party Committee. Li Yu, secretary of the Tsinan Municipal Party Committee
and chairman of the Tsinan Municipal Revolutionary Committee, addressed the
meeting."

Comrade Li Yu said: To usurp party and state power, the Wang-Chang-Chiang-
Yao "gang of four" did their utmost to interfere with Chairman Mao's strategic
plan. They insanely sabotaged the Great Cultural Revolution, tampered with
Chairman Mao's great theory of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship
of the proletariat, and changed the party's basic line. These landlords, rich
peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements, and monsters formed counter-
revolutionary factional setups to cruelly persecute and suppress the broad
masses of cadres and people, who upheld Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, in
an attempt to usurp party and state leadership, subvert the dictatorship of
the proletariat, and restore capitalism.

"In Tsinan municipality, counterrevolutionary elements (Tan Hsin-kai), (Meng

Ching-chih), and (Chang Wei-chih), as well as other bourgeois factionai chief-
tains, formed a counterrevolutionary bourgeois factional setup, acted in

33



In November 1972, having learned about the situation at the Northwest
Nationality College, the State Council made a telephone call, instructing that
it be restored. However, the 'gang of four's' agent in our province did not
implement the instruction. In March 1973, the State Council sent down another
order instructing that it be restored.

"The 'gang of four' and their agent reluctantly restored the Northwest
Nationality College, but they continued to interfere with it and to create
various obstacles. They did not allow the former teachers to be reappointed.
They did not restore the books which the college previously had. They did
not give up possession of the college premises which they occupied.

"The college has been poorly run for the past 4 years. The ‘gang of four’ and
their agent in our province brandished the two clubs of 'two assessments', and
cruelly persecuted teachers and cadres. They frantically sabotaged the party's
education cause. If this can be tolerated, what cannot? In the third battle
of exposing and criticizing the 'gang of four,' through criticizing the 'two
assessments', we are resolved to thoroughly settle accounts for the crimes of
the 'gang of four' and their agent in our province, eliminate their remnant
poison, and influence and compietely and accurately master Mao Tsetung thought.
We must strive to run the Northwest Nationality College well. We must train
more minority nationality cadres for various provinces and regions in north-
west China."

Other speakers at the forum included (Yu Ming-chu), vice chairman of the
revolutionary committee of Kansu Normal University; (Shih En-ping), deputy
secretary of the party committee of Lanchow University; (Han Feng), secretary
of the party committee of Lanchow Medical College; and (Ko Wen-hua), of Kansu
Agriculture University.

cso: 4005

al



Report No.
are ORAPHIC DATA 1 pon APRS 70416

3. Recipient's Ace

a. Title and Subsite

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, No. 410

5. Report Date

4 January 1978
6 ;

17. Author(s)

8- Performing Organization Rept.
lo.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe Road

Arlington, Virginia 22201

10, Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11, Contract /Grant No.

12 Sponsoring Organization Neme and Address

As above

13. Type of Report & Period
Covered

ia

15, Supplementary Notes

. Abstracts

The report contains political, sociological, economic, governmént, scientific
and technological information on China.

[7 Key Words and Document Acalysie. War Desctipcors

China
Propaganda
Economics
xX_ Sociology
x__Political Science
x Technological Intelligence
x Agriculture

17b. Identifiers /Open-Ended Terms

17e. COSATI Field/Group 5C, 5D, 5K, 5B

18. Availability Statement
Untfmltod avallabt ty, Sold by NITS
Springfteld, Va. 22151

9. Security Glanr
epor)
UNCLASSI

21 Nov of Pages

[FO Security Claee (This

P
“NCLLASSLE JED,

Fon NTie 38 (10-70)

USCOMM-DG 40820-P71



the situation in the 17 years after liberation not only means drawing a con-
clusion on the past, but also aims at orienting the future revolution in
education, and deciding whether revolution or reformism should be adopted."
What the 'gang of four' and their follower in Shanghai had said was brought to
the national conference and became the "guiding thought" in concocting the
"two assessments."

"2, The 'gang of four' mutilated and tampered with Chairman Mao's idea on
education, and established illicit connections for vigorously conducting secret
activities.

"When the national conference on education was in session, the follower of
the 'gang of four' in Shanghai acted on the ‘'gang's' sinister instructions,
vigorously used counterrevolutionary double-dealing tactics, undertook secret
activities, sealed up, distorted, or openly opposed the instructions of Chair-
man Mao and Premier Chou, and forcefully peddled the black goods of the 'two
assessments' in the conference, thereby throwing the education front into
utter confusion and causing extremely serious consequences."

The conference transmitted some instructions of Chairman Mao and Premier Chou.
The 'gang of four' and their followers in Shanghai feigned compliance while
acting in opposition. Instead of organizing the Shanghai group to study

these instructions, they distorted Premier Chou's instructions and embellished
themselves, They audaciously published sinister articles and delivered
speeches, including "Make New Contributions to the People" by Chiang Ching, and
the "Outline of the Symposium on the Teaching of Science and Engineering in
Shanghai" held under the guidance of Chang Chun-chiao and Yao Wen-yuan.

"3, They sealed up Premier Chou's important speeches, blew their own horn,
and vigorously peddled the 'two assessments.'"

The 'gang of four' also played tricks in transmitting the guidelines of the
conference. According to a plan they formulated, their follower in Shanghai
published the "Outline Report on the Conference" on 8 August 1971 to eulogize
them. On the other hand, they withheld the two important speeches Premier
Chou delivered to the conference. It was not until the ‘gang of four’ had
been smashed that the vast numbers of cadres and teachers in Shanghai heard
these speeches by Premier Chou.

To provide a basis for the "two assessments," they cited a large number of
"typical" examples to show the so-called "dictatorship of the black line" in
the 17 years after liberation. They did their utmost to vilify the education
front and disparage the intellectuals and teachers.

The "two assessments" did great harm to the education front. After the smash-
ing of the 'gang of four,’ some comrades on the education front still were
overawed and did not perform their tasks boldly. The main reason was that

the spiritual yoke of the "two assessments" had not yet been shattered. At
present, in order to carry out well the proletarian revolution in education,
it is necessary to seriously study the series of Chairman Mao's important
instructions on the revolution in education, especially those withheld by the
"gang of four' in 1971, and to completely smash the spiritual yoke of the "two
assessments" and wipe out its pernicious influence,

cso: 4005 45



party and placed in leadership posts in teaching and scientific research in
order to strengthen leadership over teaching and scientific research.

In the early period following liberation, Chungshan University had only one
party branch and five party members. It now-has 128 party branches and some
1,700 party members. The development and strengthening of the party organiza-
tions in the school has guaranteed the implementation of Chairman Mao's revolu-
tionary line. The 'gang of four’ babbled that Chairman Mao's proletarian
education line was not basically implemented. This was a complete slander.

In fact, it was the 'gang of four’ that unscrupulously interfered with and
sabotaged Chairman Mao's revolutionary line.

From 1971 to 1975, a black ace general of the 'gang of four' sneaked into
Kwangtung many times and forced his way into Chungshan University. He
maliciously attacked this university, saying that the party members and back-
bone elements who were around 40-years old were most dangerous. He also
nurtured schemes to collect the black materials concerning the principal
responsible comrade of the school party committee, and wanted to stigmatize
him as capitalist oriented who was taking the capitalist road. From this, we
can clearly see the criminal aim of the 'two assessments' coined by the 'gang

of four'."

Leading cadres of the South China Normal College cited a large number of facts
concerning a series of reforms in the old school, and criticized the "gang of
four's" fallacy that Chairman Mao's proletarian education line had not been
basically implemented during the 17 years following liberation, After libera-
tion, the college first reformed the old management system and established

the party's leadership position in the school. The college strengthened
political and ideological work of teachers and students. Secondly, the college
conducted an initial reform of the old education system. The teachers and
students took an active part in all political movements ranging from land
reform to the "four clean-ups" movement--the socialist education movement to
clean things up in the fields of politics, ideology, organization, and economy.
Thirdly, the college also carried out a series of reforms and experiments con-
cerning the curriculum and teaching method.

In the course of carrying out these reforms, in spite of the interference of
Liu Shao-chi's revisionist line, Chairman Mao's revolutionary line always
played a leading part. The achievements made by cadres, teachers, and students
on the education front in implementing Chairman Mao's thought on education
cannot be erased by the slanders of the "gang of four."

“Leading cadres of Chungshan Medical College indignantly criticized the 'gang
of four's' fallacy, slandering that the capable people who were trained during
those 17 years tried to sabotage the socialist economic base. Chungshan
Medical College now has 1,076 teachers and doctors, of whom 88 graduated before
liberation and 731--68 percent of the total number of teachers and doctors--
were trained in the 17 years before the Great Cultural Revolution. They have
shouldered the greater part of the arduous teaching, medical and scientific

29



revealed the secret: "We should not be afraid of slowing down production and
of creating a chaotic situation. After undermining production and creating
chaos, we shall be able to topple those in power." This was precisely their
criminal goal.

The party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua has deposed the 'gang of
four' with one blow and removed the stumbling-block to our progress. Guided
by the strategic policy decision of grasping the key link in running the
country well, put forward by Chairman Hua and the line of the 11th National
Congress of the party, the people of our country are displaying a daring
spirit and are victoriously promoting socialism everywhere. Let us launch a
large-scale people's war to thoroughly criticize the ultraright essence of the
"gang of four's' counterrevolutionary revisionist line and their crimes in
various fields, eradicate the pernicious influence of the 'gang of four' and
their two henchmen in Sinkiang, go all out, work hard, strive to realize the
four modernizations, and build China into a powerful socialist country.

cso: 4005

38



revolutionary comrades at both the central and local levels in an attempt to
usurp the supreme power of the party and state and restore capitalism.

Since liberation, illuminated by the radiance of Mao Tsetung thought, and led
by the provincial party committee and party committees at various levels, the
broad masses of educational workers on our province's educational front have
conscientiously studied Marxist-Leninist works and Chairman Mao's writings,
done their best to implement Chairman Mao's thinking "Education Should be
Revolutionarized," persisted in doing Physical labor, and worked energetically.
As a result, the educational front has witnessed rapid progress.

By 1965, the year prior to the Great Cultural Revolution, the number of primary
schools in our province had increased four times, thus popularizing primary
school education. The number of middle schools had risen by 30 times, and

that of colleges 50 times, thereby providing large numbers of able hands for
socialist revolution and construction. There were more than 300,000 college
and technical middle school graduates in addition to some 1.2 million graduates
from ordinary middle schools, agricultural middle schools, and vocational
middle schools. These were the results of implementing Chairman Mao's revolu-
tionary line on education, and also the results of hard work by the broad masses
of intellectuals on our province's educational front. Of course, there were
interference and sabotage by Liu Shao-chi's counterrevolutionary revisionist
line during those 17 years.

However, the "two evaluations" concocted by the "gang of four" had ulterior
motives. We must thoroughly criticize and liquidate the "gang of four's" crimes

in wantonly trampling on Mao Tsetung thought, and opposing Chairman Mao's
revolutionary line.

cso: 4005

ak



SHANSI HOLDS SECOND MEETING ON STUDENT ENROLLMENT WORK
Taiyuan Shansi Provincial Service in Mandarin 2300 GMT 19 Nov 77 HK .

[Summary] On the evening of 18 November, the Shansi Provincial Revolutionary
Committee held its second telephone conference on student enrollment work.
Comrade (Chia Chien), vice chairman of the committee, presided and spoke.

(Liu Fu-hsia), acting director of the Provincial College enrollment committee,
spoke on arrangements for the college entrance examinations.

He said: The work concerning applications of those taking the entrance
examinations for colleges and secondary technical schools concluded on

15 November after being in progress for 11 days. The scale and size of the
applications were unprecedented in the province. The work of holding the
entrance examinations is now imminent. How well this work is done is directly
related to the whole enrollment effort, and to the quality of the new students.
It is therefore essential to make a thorough success of the work concerning
entrance examinations.

(Liu Fu-hsia) said: We must accurately compile the number of students who
will take the examination and make sure that they are examined in the correct
subjects. The provincial enrollment committee must be notified of the number
of candidates taking the various entrance examinations before 27 November, and
every candidate must be assigned a number and an examination center. This is
detailed and meticulous work which must be done properly. It is also neces-
sary to organize and train examination monitors. Each examination center
should have three.

We must do a good job of political work for the candidates. Several hundred
thousand have applied to take the various entrance examinations and are in
high spirits at the prospect. "We must clearly explain to every young person
that at present our country cannot provide universal university and secondary
technical education. Many people have applied, but there are not enough
places for all of them. This contradiction existed in the past, it exists
now, and it will exist for a rather long time to come. They must recognize
this objective fact and make two kinds of preparations." [passage indistinct]
We must also carry out education for all the parents so that they can comfort
their sons and daughters if they fail the examination.



If reconnaissance can be carried out on synchronous orbits at high altitudes
of 35,800 km in the manner of stationary communication satellites, early
warning satellites can carry out observation to even greater extent, covering
43 percent of the earth's surface. The early warning satellites launched in
the mid-60's provided the 70's with a basis for further improvement of newer
early warning satellites.

Early Warning Satellites of the 70's

To give a general idea of how anti-missile early warning satellites work, here
is an example of a typical foreign-make early-warning satellite launched in
the 70's. The satellite body is 3 meters high, 2.7 meters in diameter, and on
one end it carries an infrared telescope measuring 3.6‘meters in length and

1 meter in diameter. The total height of the satellite is thus 6.7 meters,
and it weighs 900 kg. Figure 3 is an exterior diagram of the satellite which
orbits synchronously around the earth with the earth's rotation. From the
ground, the satellite appears stationary.

Figure 3. Structural Diagram of Foreign-Make Early Warning Satellite.

On the satellite body, there are 13 major pieces of equipment (Figure 3):

(1) Infrared telescope

(2) Visible light sensor (TV camera)

(3) Nuclear explosion radiation sensor

(4) Stellar sensor for attitude control

(5) Solar direction device

(6) Star bearing electronic device

(7) Transmission antenna for sending down infrared sensor data

(8) Transmission antenna for sending down visible light sensor data
(9) Receiving antenna for picking up command signals sent up

60



HUPEH HOLDS ON-THE-SPOT MEETING ON CIVIL MEDIATION WORK
Wuhan Hupeh Provincial Service in Mandarin 1300 GMT 20 Nov 77 HK

[Summary] The Hupeh Provincial Revolutionary Committee recently held an on-
the-spot meeting in Ichang municipality on civil mediation work in the urban
areas, factories, mines, and other enterprises throughout the province. The
meeting summed up and exchanged the experiences of the urban areas, factories,
mines, and other enterprises in civil mediation work. The participants in the
meeting visited progressive civil mediation units in Ichang municipality. The
meeting was presided over and addressed by Liang Jen-kuei, vice chairman of
the Provincial Revolutionary Committee. (Ma Liang), vice president of the
Provincial Higher People's Court, spoke at the meeting.

The meeting pointed out: "Civil disputes are reflections of the struggle
between two classes and two roads. In their attempt to usurp party and state
power, the 'gang of four' and their black ace generals in Hupeh fabricated

the so-called new change in class relations, and initiated the counterrevolu-
tionary political program of equating veteran cadres with democrats, and demo-
crats with capitalist roaders. They unscrupulously reversed the relationships
between the enemy and ourselves, confused the two different kinds of contra-
dictions, and preached that 'those who made an uproar should apply to be
officers.' They incited beating, vandalism, and looting, seriously sabotaged
the socialist rule of law, split the ranks of the working class, and sabotaged
revolution and production. Therefore, only by grasping the key link of pene-
tratingly exposing and criticizing the 'gang of four' can we correctly handle
the contradictions among the people, strengthen unity within the working class,
mobilize all positive factors, and do civil mediation work still better."

The meeting demanded: "People's courts at all levels must rely closely on
party organizations at all levels, give full play to the role of all depart~
ments, rely on the masses to strengthen investigation and study, grasp typical
examples well, and do well as assistants of party committees. We must firmly
promote civil mediation as an important work. All places must persist in the
mass line under the leadership of the party committees, penetratingly expose
and criticize the crimes of the 'gang of four' in sabotaging the unity of the

46



ARTICLE MARKS ANNIVERSARY OF HUNGHO PREFECTURE
Kunming Yunnan Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 21 Nov 77 HK

[Article by the party committee of Hungho Hani-i Autonomous Prefecture:
"Victoriously Advance Under Chairman Mao's Great Banner"]

[Summary] "With boundless excitement and joy, the 2.9 million people of all
nationalities through the prefecture welcome the 20th anniversary of the found-
ing of Hungho Prefecture."

In his brilliant works, Chairman Mao regarded the issue of nationalities as

a part of the general tasks of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship
of the proletariat, and scientifically expounded the relations between the
issue of nationalities and continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of
the proletariat. Seventeen nationalities are represented in Hungho Prefecture,
which is the main dwelling area for the Hani nationality. The minority na-
tionalities account for 50 percent of the total population of the whole
prefecture. Since the founding of the prefecture, a large number of minority
nationalities have been brought up; many have joined the leadership groups at
all levels of the party and government in the prefecture. These cadres of the
minority nationalities and the Han cadres unite with, help and support one
another.

"We must adopt effective measures and further successfully bring up and select
the minority nationality cadres. We must extensively and protractedly re-
educate the cadres of the various nationalities in the party's nationality
policy, and overcome ‘a Han-chauvinistic ideology’ and 'protagonism of local
nationalism,’ in order to enable the cadres and masses of all nationalities to
strengthen unity under the foundation of the principle of Mao Tsetung thought,
and arduously struggle for realizing the magnificent objective of the four
modernizations within this century."

We must include the development of economy and culture in the inland and along
the borders in the party committees daily agenda.

cso: 4005



The ‘gang of four' highly treasured this "experience of the Chaoyang Agricul-
tural College" which "stood in direct opposition to the 17 years." Wang
Hung-wen, the newborn bourgeois element, acclaimed this "experience." The
renegade Chiang Ching selected and sent students in her own name to learn how
to conduct "direct opposition." The Kuomintang agent Chang Chun-chiao, and

the alien class element Yao Wen-yuan couldn't wait to set in motion the propa-
ganda machine under their control in order to vigorously advertise the so-called
"Experience of the Chaoyang Agricultural College" and to peddle the sinister
trash of "direct opposition."

To whom did they "stand in direct opposition"? In advertising the slogan of
"direct opposition," the 'gang of four' professed that they "stood in direct
opposition to the revisionist line in education during the 17 years." Is this
true? Not at all. In the current upsurge to criticize the "two assessments,"
educators have exposed the 'gang of four's' fallacies and perverted actions on
the educational front during these years for aiming to "directly oppose" Chair-
man Mao's revolutionary line.

The 'gang of four' not only openly opposed Chairman Mao's teachings, but also
opposed cadres and people who implemented Chairman Mao's revolutionary line.
Persons involved in vocational work were branded for "placing vocational work
in command," persons who engaged in study were branded for "giving first place
to intellectual development," persons who strengthened the teaching of basic
theory were branded for "stirring theoretical winds," persons who advocated
the road of both red and expert were branded for "becoming more reactionary
because they have more knowledge," persons who accepted their cultural heritage
with reservations were branded for "stressing the past more than the present,"
and persons who studied advanced foreign technology were branded for “worshiping
things foreign and fawning on foreigners."

In the current exposure and criticism campaign, numerous educators have
correctly said: the 'gang-of four's criminal goal of clamoring for "standing
in direct opposition to the 17 years" served to completely negate Chairman
Mao's revolutionary line and usurp the supreme leadership of the party and
state. In fact, renegade Chiang Ching had long cried about "criticizing the
17 years." At the beginning of the Great Cultural Revolution, she joined with
the archconspirator Lin Piao to initiate the theory of the "dictatorship of
the sinister line" on the literary and art front.

Then the ‘gang of four’ and their ilk began to clamor that "plants, mines, and
enterprises should not be regarded as superior to the literary and art front,"
that "education during the 17 years was out-and-out revisionist," that the
science and technology sphere was "dominated by the bourgeois intellectuals,"
that the public security front "had never done one good job in the 17 years,"
that the Foreign Trade Ministry was the "national betrayal ministry," and that
the army was "ruled by warlords." The 'gang' adhered to the "17 years" and
nonsensically said that "we will have a difficult time if we don't criticize
the 17 years for every day," Until 1976, when the death knell sounded for tie
"gang of four,' they continued to struggle and shout: "do not resurrect the
revisionist.line of the 17 years" and "do not reverse the verdicts on the 17
years."

1