SDMS Document ID

2041224

FINAL

LAKE COUNTY COMMUNITY HEALTH PROGRAM

2005 ANNUAL REPORT

April 2006

Preparedfor:

LAKE COUNTY COMMUNITY HEALTH PROGRAM WORK GROUP

and

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Region 8

99918*80-661, Suite 500

Denver, CO 80202

Prepared by:

MFC, INC.

4900 Pear! East Circle, Suite 300W

Boulder, CO 80301

303-447-1823

FAX 447-1836
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF TABLES ii

LIST OF FIGURES •. ii

LIST OF APPENDICES iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION 10

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM 11

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION PROGRAM 13

4.0 EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM 16

5.0 HEPA VACUUM LOAN PROGRAM 20

6.0 BLOOD LEAD MONITORING PROGRAM 21

6.1 Participation 21

6.2 Data Review and Compilation 22

6.3 2005 Community Blood Lead Levels 24

6.4 Comparison of Blood Lead Levels Among Groups 27

6.5 Relationship of Blood Lead Levels to Environmental Lead Concentrations 28

6.6 Additional Data Evaluation 29

6.7 Case Management Summary 31

7.0 COORDINATION WITH INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL PROGRAM 33

8.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION 34

9.0 MODIFICATIONS TO WORK PLAN OR OTHER LCCHP PROCEDURES 35

10.0 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS EVALUATION 36

11.0 RECOMMENDATIONS OR COMMENTS FROM LCCHP WORK GROUP 37

11.1 Response to 2004 Recommendations or Comments 37

11.2 2005 Recommendations or Comments 37

12.0 REFERENCES 39

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Title

2-1 Properties Entering LCCHP by Area

2-2 Environmental Investigations Performed in 2005

3-1 2005 Remediation Status by Area

3-2 1995-2005 Remediation Status by Area

4-1 Education and Outreach Program Summary for 2005

6-1 2005 Blood Lead Testing Program Participation (ages 6 to 72 months)

6-1 a 2004 Blood Lead Testing Program Participation (ages 6 to 72 months)

6-lb 2003 Blood Lead Testing Program Participation (ages 6 to 72 months)

6-2 Comparison of Annual Blood Lead Statistics

6-3 2005 Blood Lead Statistics, by Area

6-3a 2004 Blood Lead Statistics, by Area

6-3b 2003 Blood Lead Statistics, by Area

10-1 Performance Evaluation Results, 2003-2005

LIST OF FIGURES

Title

1994-2005 Annual Participation Numbers for Young Children Residing within

Statistical Units 1 and 2

1994-2005 Annual Participation Numbers for Young Children Residing within OU9

1994-2005 Geometric Mean/Median Blood Lead Level Over Time

Percentage of Children (0-6 years) Statistical Units with Blood Lead Level > 10

Mg/dL

ES-5 Percentage of Children (0-6 years) in Statistical Units with Blood Lead Level > 15

Mg/dL

1 -1 Operable Unit 9 Subareas

6-1 2005 Blood Lead Testing Participation by Subarea

6-2 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Subarea

6-3 2005 Participation by Month

6-4 2005 OU9 Blood Lead Levels by Age Group

6-4a 2003-2005 Blood Lead Levels by Area and Age Group (in years)

6-5 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Statistical Unit and Subarea, Ages 0-35 Months and 36-

72 Months

6-6 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Season

6-7 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Medicaid Participation

6-8 2005Blood Lead Levels by Family's Primary Language

6-9 1994-2005 Blood Lead Levels by Average 0-6 inch Soil Lead Levels

6-9a 1994-2005 Blood Lead Levels by Average 0-2 inch Soil Lead Levels

6-10 1994-2005 Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

6-10a 1994-2005 Statistical Unit 1 - Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead

Level

6-11 1994-2005 Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

6-1 la 1994-2005 Statistical Unit 1 - Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead

Level

6-12 1994-2005 Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor condition) vs. First-test Blood

Lead Level

6-12a 1994-2005 Statistical Unit 1 - Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor condition)

vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

6-13 1994-2005 Average Main Living Area Dust Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

6-13a 1994-2005 Statistical Unit 1 - Average Main Living Area Dust Lead vs. First-test

Blood Lead Level

6-14 1994-2005 30-second Flush Water Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

6-15 1994-2005 6-8 hour Hold Water Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Title

A Education and Community Outreach Brochures

B Lake County Health Department Annual Blood Lead Summary Report

C Blood Lead Summary Statistics and Test for Normality Results

D Time-Series Data for Elevated Blood Lead Children

E Evaluation of LCCHP in Terms of Performance Standards for OU9, 2003-2005

F Technical Memorandum from the Data Review Meeting, February 2, 2006

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Lake County Community Health Program (LCCHP) is the selected remedial action for

Operable Unit 9 (OU9), Residential Populated Areas, of the California Gulch Superfund Site (the Site)

(EPA, 1999). The LCCHP, also known as the Kids First Program, is an innovative remedial action

intended to provide reduction in lead exposure from a wide range of potential sources for young children

and pregnant or nursing women and thereby reduce blood lead levels in children who reside within the

Site. The interim Kids First Program operated between May 1995 to June 2000, then expanded into the

LCCHP and continues offering lead reduction services on a voluntary basis. Based on an evaluation of

the program in accordance with the established performance standards, the remedial action objectives

established by the EPA for OU9 have been met in 2005 for the entire site. This report summarizes the

LCCHP activities during 2005, provides an update of the on-going progress of the program, and provides

the details of the performance evaluation.

Program Overview

Lead is ubiquitous in the environment as a result of industrialization, and both children and adults

can be exposed to lead from a number of different media (e.g., soil, dust, water, air, food, consumer

products) and pathways (ingestion, dermal contact, inhalation). Children typically have higher intake

rates per unit body weight of environmental media and tend to absorb a higher fraction of ingested lead

from their gastrointestinal tract and be more susceptible to some of the adverse effects of lead than do

adults. Exposure to lead via food, water and air has been significantly reduced in recent years as a result

of federal regulation restricting or banning lead in solder, gasoline and paint (CDC, 1991). In Leadville,

there are currently a number of pathways by which children may come into contact with lead originating

from mining activities, including ingestion of mine wastes, dust, surface water and sediment, and

ingestion of soil. Children may also be exposed to lead from non-mining sources in and around their

homes, such as lead-based paint, water in contact with lead in plumbing components and occupational

and hobby exposures.

The primary elements of the LCCHP are listed below:

• Community awareness and education programs;

• Voluntary blood lead monitoring with appropriate follow-up for young children (12 to 72

months) and pregnant and nursing women;

• Voluntary residential environmental testing for lead;

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

*

• Response actions to reduce the risk of lead exposure to children in Leadville and surrounding

residential areas;

• High-efficiency paniculate air filter (HEPA)-vacuum loan program; and

• Institutional Control Overlay district (ICO) to help ensure long-term effectiveness.

The entire LCCHP is funded by ASARCO Incorporated (Asarco) through a Trust Fund; the blood

lead monitoring program is administered by the Lake County Health Department. The environmental

sampling and response program was administered by Asarco until August 2005, at which time the

environmental program was temporarily suspended due to funding issues associated with Asarco's

bankruptcy filing. EPA resumed operations of the program on an interim basis in October 2005.

The overall goals, or remedial action objectives (RAOs), established for the LCCHP are related to

the observed and predicted blood lead levels of children within the site, and read as follows:

RAO-1: No more than 5 percent of all children (ages 0 to 72 months) who live at this site, either

now or in the future, will have blood lead values higher than 10 |ag/dL.

RAO-2: No more than one percent of children (ages 0 to 72 months) who live at this site, either

now or in the future, will have blood lead levels higher than 15 ug/dL.

In order to achieve the RAOs a specific set of performance standards were developed in 2002.

Included as part of the Annual Report is a detailed evaluation of the performance of the LCCHP with

respect to meeting the remedial action objectives.

Results from the blood lead monitoring and environmental testing programs are compared to

established lead action levels, or trigger criteria. The trigger criteria for lead concentrations in each

medium investigated are:

Blood Lead: greater than or equal to 10 ug/dL in children age 6 to 72 months and in pregnant and

nursing women

Soil: greater than or equal to 3,500 mg/Kg

House Dust: greater than or equal to 2,000 mg/Kg

Interior or Exterior Paint: Interior or exterior paint in poor condition with lead concentration

greater than or equal to 1 milligram/square centimeter (mg/cm2) - education provided; with lead

concentration greater than or equal to 6 mg/cm2- active remediation.

Tap Water: greater than or equal to 15 ug/L

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When one or more of the trigger criteria is exceeded, a range of different response actions are

evaluated by the LCCHP Work Group. All environmental and available blood lead data for a property are

reviewed and the Work Group provides recommendations on the appropriate response actions,

considering the preferences of the property owner and residents. No response actions are taken without

the permission of the property owner and residents. The Work Group is made up of representatives from

the Lake County Health Department, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

(CDPHE) and Asarco (until August 2005). The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides

oversight of the program and reviews and approves all response action recommendations of the Work

Group.

For the purposes of evaluating data collected by the program, the site has been divided into

subareas (sometimes referred to simply as areas) representing geographic areas of the site, which were

perceived to have similar characteristics relative to potential lead exposures. These areas are identified as

Areas A through G, with an additional Area H representing areas within Lake County but outside of the

Superfund boundaries of OU9. These areas are identified on Figure 1-1. In addition, for the purposes of

the performance standards evaluation described below, the Site has also been divided into what are

referred to as Statistical Units. Statistical Unit 1 (SU1) includes the previously defined subareas A, B, D,

and E, or the areas within the City of Leadville and Stringtown. Statistical Unit 2 (SU2) includes

subareas C, F, and G, or the areas of West Park, Lake Fork Mobile Home Park and other outlying

neighborhoods.

Additional Data Evaluation

As discussed more fully in Section 11, the Work Group had previously recommended that

additional data evaluation efforts be undertaken to investigate concerns raised by the Independent Review

Panel (IRP) in 2003, including the observation at the time that the calculated percentage of the

participants with blood lead levels greater than 10 and 15 (Jg/dL (P10 and P15), respectively, had not

significantly declined over time, particularly in Statistical Unit 1. The additional data evaluation effort

was conducted and a meeting was held on February 2, 2006 to present the results.

The first step in the process was to conduct a screening level assessment of the correlation

between paint (identified by the IRP as the possible dominant exposure that may be inhibiting the further

decline of PI 0 and P15 values) and blood lead levels. In addition a more robust evaluation of all trends

and paired data collected by the program was performed. A technical memorandum, summarizing the

presentation, discussions and conclusions from this meeting, has been prepared and is included as

Appendix F to this report. A summary of the main findings presented in the Technical Memo is provided

in section 6.6 of the report.

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Since the time of the IRP's review in 2003, the PI 0 and P15 values for SU1 have declined and in

fact have now reached the levels established as the performance standards for the program to determine

compliance with the Remedial Action Objectives.

Environmental Program

The environmental sampling and investigation program addresses lead from soil, dust, interior

and exterior paint, leaded plumbing fixtures and other potential sources beyond an individual residence.

Any resident or owner of a residential property within OU9 may request an investigation of lead levels in

soil, dust, paint and drinking water at the property. During 2005, 94 properties entered the environmental

program. The total number of properties entering the program to date (since 1995) is 848. Through the

end of 2005, a total of 292 response actions (addressing a specific environmental media) have been

performed at 234 properties. During 2005, 34 response actions were performed at 28 properties. A more

detailed summary of the activities performed during 2005 and since 1995 by the Environmental Program

are provided in Sections 2.0 and 3.0 of this Annual Report.

Education and Outreach

An extensive community awareness and education program to manage lead exposure at the site is

an integral part of the LCCHP. The focus of the community awareness program is to raise general public

awareness of potential risks from lead, especially risks to young children, and to encourage participation

in the LCCHP. A summary of the educational and outreach elements of the program are described in

Section 4.0. As described in this report, the program is continually trying to maintain and improve the

educational materials provided and to extend the outreach efforts to target specific groups based on the

evaluation of information collected by the program.

Blood Lead Monitoring Program

The LCCHP includes voluntary blood lead monitoring (with financial incentives, as appropriate)

for all children age 12 to 72 months and voluntary blood lead monitoring for pregnant and nursing

women. As discussed previously, the Lake County Health Department provides blood lead testing and

follow-up case management services. The blood lead monitoring program is available to all Lake County

residents, not just those residing within the Superfund boundaries. Because the overarching objective of

the program is to reduce the blood lead levels of children within the Site, the presentation and evaluation

of community blood lead levels is a primary focus of this report. In addition, participation, or the number

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

of children tested, is tracked closely by the program. The data collected by the blood lead monitoring

program, in 2005 and previous years, are discussed in Section 6.0.

The program continues to enjoy good participation in the blood lead monitoring program. During

2005 the Lake County Health Department tested 412 children in Lake County. Two hundred-thirty six of

these children live within the Site (OU9) and 83 of these children had their blood lead level tested for the

first time. Figures ES-1 and ES-2 present the observed trends of program participation through 2005,

broken down by Statistical Unit and new and returning participants for children living within the Site.

ES-1 Annual Participation Numbers for Young Children Residing within Statistical Units 1 and 2

200

180-

•O 160

V

60 --

40

1994

-*- Statistical Unit 1 (Areas A, B, D, E)

-O- Statistical Unit 2 (Areas C, F, G)

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

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ES-2. Annual Participation Numbers for Young Children Residing within OU9

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

-All participants

-New participants

- Reluming participants

Figure ES-3 graphically displays community blood lead levels over time in the form of geometric

mean blood lead levels for all children within the Site (OU9) and Statistical Unit 1, as well as the trend of

reported national average blood lead levels in young children.

ES-3. 1994-2005 Geometric Mean Blood Lead over Time

2 •-

NHANES Reported National Average

Values

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Year

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Performance Standards Evaluation

A summary of the results of the performance standards evaluation is presented in Section 10.0,

with supporting details provided as in Appendix E to this report. One of the performance standards

established for the program is to test at least 360 children (180 from each Statistical Unit) over a threeyear period, with at least 50% of the estimated number of newly eligible children, on average, tested each

year. Although it is difficult to obtain an exact number of children under the age of six living within the

site at any given time, the number has been estimated at 500. A newly eligible child means a child who is

born and is residing in the site or a child age 0 to 72 months who moves into the site. The estimated

number of newly eligible children in any given year is based upon data from the 2000 census, annual livebirth counts from the CDPHE, and the number of children enrolled in kindergarten each year. In general,

the estimated number of newly eligible children over the last several years has varied between

approximately 50 and 100. Over the past four years the number of children tested for the first time each

year has exceeded the estimated number of newly eligible children within OU9.

While the average blood lead levels of all tested children and participation in the program are

important indicators of the success of the program, the performance of the program is evaluated,

primarily, in terms of the number, or percentage, of children with blood lead levels over 10 ug/dL

(considered elevated) and 15 ug/dL. Several unique terms were developed as part of the performance

standards evaluation. The P10 refers to the percentage of children with blood lead levels above 10 pg/dL

and the PI 5 refers to the percentage of children with blood lead levels above 15 pg/dL. These values are

calculated by using a statistical model to predict the P10 and PI 5 values, but are based on the actual data

from the program.

Each Statistical Unit must meet the performance standards individually. The goal is to achieve a

PI 0 value, over a three-year period, of less than 5% and aP15 of less than 1%. Statistical Unit 2 met the

performance standards in 2002, and therefore no additional evaluation is being performed. The program

continues to offer services to residents of SU2 until both statistical units meet the performance standards.

The trends in P10 and PI 5 values since 1994 are presented graphically in Figures ES-4 and ES-5,

respectively. As indicated on these figures, the program observed a significant decline in the percentage

of children with elevated blood lead levels since 2002 resulting in a downward trend in predicted blood

lead levels.

The 2005 P10 and PI 5 values for SU1 (the City of Leadville and Stringtown) were 1.5% and

0.2%, and for the three year period 2003-2005 4.2% and 0.8%, respectively. As illustrated on Figure ES3, the 2005 single year PI 0 and P15are the lowest observed since beginning the Kids First Program in

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

1995. The three year combined values meet the performance standards for the site, thereby achieving the

goals for the LCCHP as defined by the RAOs.

ES-4. Percentage of Children (0-6 years) Statistical Units with Blood Lead Level > 10 Mg/dL

14

1994 1996 2004

ES-5. Percentage of Children (0-6 years) in Statistical Units with Blood Lead Level > 15 pg/dL

1994 1996 2004

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With the publication of this Annual Report, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) has determined that the remedial action objectives established by the EPA for OU9 have been met

for all residential areas of the site. A letter will be sent to all residents and property owners within the

site, providing notification that June 9, 2006 will be the final deadline to request environmental testing at

eligible properties within OU9.

After this final enrollment period, the LCCHP will transition into a modified lead risk

reduction program designed to help maintain the progress made in reducing children's blood lead levels in

Lake County. The modified program will likely continue the blood lead monitoring program for young

children and pregnant and nursing women; provide education to minimize exposure to lead; and include

investigations of properties with young children. A work plan is being developed to define the scope and

specifics of the modified program and once the draft work plan is complete, EPA will announce a formal

comment period to allow the public the opportunity to review and provide comments on the plan.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Lake County Community Health Program (LCCHP) is the selected remedial action for

Operable Unit 9 (OU9), Residential Populated Areas, of the California Gulch Superfund Site (the Site)

(EPA, 1999). The LCCHP, also known as the Kids First Program, is being implemented to reduce

resident children's potential exposure to lead from various sources, including yard soil, house dust,

interior house paint and exterior house paint and drinking water. The LCCHP provides a range of

services, including environmental testing and remediation at residential properties and blood lead testing

for young children, to assist residents in reducing their exposure to lead in and around their homes. A full

description of the services offered by the LCCHP is included in the Work Plan for the LCCHP (Asarco,

1999). Owners and occupants of residences within OU9 (Figure 1-1) that were populated or zoned for

residential use as of September 1, 1999, are eligible to participate in the LCCHP and receive the

LCCHP's environmental and health services. LCCHP health services (blood lead testing and appropriate

follow-up) are also available to all Lake County residents, including those residing outside of OU9.

Participation in any aspect of the LCCHP is voluntary.

The LCCHP has been operating in accordance with the final Work Plan (Asarco, 1999), since

June 2000. ASARCO Incorporated (Asarco) managed the LCCHP operations until filing bankruptcy in

August 2005. EPA resumed operations of the program on an interim basis in October 2005. Oversight of

these operations is provided by a technical working group, known as the LCCHP Work Group that

includes representatives from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE),

Lake County and Asarco (until August 2005). The LCCHP Work Group reviews all environmental data

and released blood lead data then makes recommendations to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

(EPA) for remedial actions at individual properties in accordance with the procedures detailed in the

Work Plan. EPA approval is required for all remedial actions before they are considered final actions at a

property.

Consistent with the Work Plan for the LCCHP, the LCCHP Work Group is responsible for

providing EPA with an annual report to describe program implementation and results. MFG, Inc. has

prepared this report with contributions and final approval from the LCCHP Work Group, to provide a

description of the program's activities during the 2005 calendar year (January 1 through December 31,

2005).

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2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM

During the 2005 calendar year, the LCCHP continued environmental investigations at residential

properties within OU9. A total of 94 properties entered the environmental program during 2005. Seventy

four properties entered into the program as a result of property owners or residents contacting the program

including property owners of 31 undeveloped lots within the City of Leadville. Five entrants were

referred to the program by the Lake County Health Department, 11 entered by a single property owner

with multiple units and four entered through referrals from the Lake County Building Department.

Twenty four of the properties entering the environmental program have young children or a pregnant or

nursing woman residing at the property. A summary of the properties entering the LCCHP during 2005,

by area, is provided in Table 2-1. Area X is the designation for properties that are within OU9, but not

within one of the other designated areas, as specified in Figure 2-1.

Table 2-1. Properties Entering the LCCHP by Area in 2005

m

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

X

Total

&, Number Entering :•

through"; ,

Environmental^ '

fel Program/Multlf

 4 Properties/ICO

24

9

2

49

1

1

3

0

89

Number Referred by

Lake County Health

Department

A ! »

0

0

1

4

0

0

0

0

5

Total Number of

Properties Entering

; in 2005 >;

•' '•'•'• j/'::

r

.-M-??-sW'.;,:'-'-':

24

9

3

53

1

1

3

0

94

Statistical Unit 2 (SU2), which includes area C, F and G met the performance standards in 2002.

Properties can still enter the program, but the program no longer actively recruits from these areas.

Properties are considered to have entered the Program and given a property identification number

after they contact the program and an initial interview and survey is scheduled. Access for sampling was

not obtained at four of the entering properties by the end of the calendar year. The following bullets

describe the situations encountered for the properties where access was not obtained:

• At two properties, the resident at the property entered the program, but as of the end of

2005 the property owner had not responded to requests for access to conduct sampling.

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• At one property, the initial interview and survey was scheduled but the appointment was

not kept and the Program has been unable to reschedule.

• At one property, the owner entered through the ICO district but chose not to continue

after the ICO was repealed.

Table 2-2 presents the number of properties where environmental investigations were performed

during 2005, by media type sampled. Note that not all properties that entered the program during 2005

were sampled for all media during 2005 and that some of the properties that entered the program during

previous years were investigated during 2005. In addition, not all media are sampled at every property

depending on age of the structure and owner/resident preference. Soil samples were collected from 30

undeveloped lots in Areas B and D.

Table 2-2. Environmental Investigations Performed in 2005

Description

Soil

Interior Paint

Exterior Paint

Dust

Water

2005 Total^ -.

:

.'v.

97

25

28

32

34

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3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION PROGRAM

Environmental remediation was performed at residential properties based on recommendations

from the LCCHP Work Group and considering owner/resident preferences. Table 3-1 provides a

remediation status summary by area. The number of properties entering the program, the number of

completed remedial actions at the end of the calendar year, and a summary of the types of remediations

performed (or media addressed) are presented for two different time periods: calendar year 2005 and

totals for the program to-date from 1995 through 2005. In summary, a total of 34 actions were performed

at 28 different properties during 2005.

In August 2005, Asarco filed for bankruptcy and funding for the program was disrupted, as

discussed further in Section 8.0. As a result of this disruption, no remediation activities were conducted

between August 10 and October 10, 2005. After funding was re-established through the EPA ten soil

remediations were completed, but additional work was prohibited by the onset of winter weather.

Soil remediation was completed at 25 properties with the following Kids First Property ID

Numbers: 012, 142,423,432, 492, 520, 533, 540, 547, 564, 567, 573, 617, 619, 622, 626, 647, 661, 684,

695, 709, 740, 805, 806 and 807. Soil remediation work for Kids First Property ID 806 was conducted by

EPA. Interior paint remediation was completed at six properties with the following Kids First Property

ID Numbers: 564, 600, 647, 683, 684 and 760. Dust remediation was completed at three properties with

the following Kids First Property ID Numbers: 600, 647 and 760. No exterior paint or water remediations

were conducted in 2005.

Table 3-1. 2005 Remediation Status by Area

r - - ." 1:355

No. of Properties Entering Program

No. of Properties where Remedial

Actions were performed in 2005

Remediations

Completed

by Type

Soil

Dust

Interior Paint

Exterior Paint

Water

24

10

10

0

0

0

0

P-ofp

9

7

5

1

4

0

0

tft&SSiF^' m*m

3

1

1

0

0

0

0

53

10

9

2

2

0

0

V

1

- •"+*;••.• i

;

-E*

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

S^Vfe,

K, El?V

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

#m

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

ftfc«#s*M<: '

I^XJBf0

0

0

0

0

0

0

TOflS

QAO"T

28

25

3

6

0

0

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Table 3-2. 1995-2005 Remediation Status by Area

'•

No. of Properties Entering Program

No. of Properties with Completed

Remedial Actions

Remediations

Completed

by Type

Soil

Dust

Interior Paint

Exterior Paint

Water

A

133

46

42

4

10

1

0

B

111

36

22

10

13

2

1

C

67

4

2

1

1

0

0

D

316

100

95

21

19

1

2

;

' E •.-'-.''

15

12

13

0

0

0

0

^fr;

178

36

35

4

0

0

2

%Mi

25

0

0

0

0

0

0

fill

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

848

234

208

34

42

4

4

Thirty five of the properties investigated during 2005 had no exceedances of the trigger criteria

for any of the media investigated. Additional investigations were still pending at the end of the year or

the LCCHP Work Group was still in the process of determining the recommended action at some of the

properties entering the program in 2005. Because the program is a continually evolving process it is

difficult to quantify the number of properties under each scenario at the year's end. As discussed in

Section 2.0, some properties initially counted as 'entering' the Program did not continue through with

environmental investigations. In some cases these properties may re-enter the program at a later date

under new ownership or with different residents, or a property may re-enter the program when additional

media are investigated. For example, residents in a mobile home park that has undergone soil

investigation and remediation in a previous year, may contact the program for dust and water sampling

the following year. This property would be counted as entering the program in each year, but would only

be added to the cumulative total once. Table 3-2 attempts to maintain a count of the total number of

properties that have entered the program and is adjusted each year so that properties are not counted twice

in the cumulative totals. For this reason, the numbers totaled in previous years cannot always be simply

added to the current year's totals.

During 2005, the LCCHP Work Group requested approval from the EPA of final remedial actions

for 35 properties. A public review document prepared by the LCCHP Work Group was made available

for public review and comment one time during the year, in May. This public review document presents

the results of lead sampling at each property reviewed by the Work Group, the recommendations made by

the Work Group, and where an action was recommended, presents a description of the response action(s).

A 30-day review and comment period was announced through local newspaper advertisements and a

public meeting was held on June 2, 2005. No comments were received during the public comment

period. EPA approved all of the recommendations made by the LCCHP Work Group during 2005. Final

remedial actions were approved on June 21, 2005 for Kids First Property Numbers: 116, 223, 398,431,

J:\BLD01\OI0244\Task KA2005 Annual Repon\2005AnnualRepon_FINAL_04(M06A)c 14 MFG, Inc.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

451, 606, 678, 680, 696, 713, 714, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730,731, 732, 733, 734,

735, 736,737, 739, 741, 742, 743, 745,747 and 750. The LCCHP Work Group meetings were made

public for environmental information in 2005. No comments were provided to the Work Group regarding

recommendations discussed at the meetings. Public review documents will continue to be prepared to

solicit public comments on Work Group recommendations.

J:\BLDOI\010244\Task IOV20Q5 Annual Report\2005AnnualReponJTNAU_W0406.doc 15 MFG, IflC.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

4.0 EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM

The educational subcommittee from the LCCHP Work Group met on April 21, 2005 to continue

implementation of recommendations for education and community outreach. Consistent with the

objectives described in the Work Plan, the fundamental objective of the program's outreach efforts is to

reach every eligible participant in the community to inform them of the program's services and encourage

them to participate.

The following education and outreach materials were prepared during 2005:

• A Lake County blood lead program information flyer and a new flyer discussing lead in

foreign candy. Copies of these items are provided in Appendix A.

• New newspaper advertisements.

• Two letters to encourage participation in the environmental program were developed during

2005, but neither letter was distributed. It was decided to use the letters, as needed, if and

when participation began to decline. One letter targets families with young children and the

other letter targets property owners in specific areas of the site.

The program assisted in the organization of the forth annual Children's Health & Safety Fair in

collaboration with Early Childhood Connections/Child Find, the Lake County Health Department, Head

Start, St. Vincent's Hospital, and Building A Generation and other community groups. The purpose of

the fair was to expose parents/guardians of children ages 0-8 years old to groups and agencies that

provide services to children in the community.

Approximately 274 children attended the fair, which was held on April 9, 2005. The LCCHP was

represented by staff from both the blood lead monitoring and environmental portions of the Program. The

Program featured an interactive display encouraging children to wash their hands. The information was

presented both in Spanish and English. Magnetic picture frames were given to families at the end of the

display. The LCCHP also provided logo book bags and water bottles to participants and volunteers to

improve the visibility of the program within the community.

The environmental program participated in the first Assets Expo for Lake County in October.

The Expo was held at the Mining Museum to provide businesses and groups a forum to display their

services. The attendance was significantly better than expected and provided an opportunity to discuss

the program with area residents.

J:\BLDOIV010244\TasklO\2005 Annual Rcpon\2005AnnualRepon_FINAL_040«6Joc 16 MFG, IllC.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

In anticipation of the ICO district a public meeting, a press release and a fact sheet was developed

to explain the new ordnance. The building department met with local realtors, the title company and local

banks to explain the ICO. Local utilities were contacted and meetings were arranged to discuss the ICO

and safe work practices.

Additional outreach efforts included:

• Distribution of the previously developed program brochures.

• Individual counseling with participants in the blood lead and environmental programs during

face-to-face meetings.

• Coordination with other community agencies and programs providing services to families

with young children (Social Services, WIC, Head Start, Medicaid, Early Childhood Council,

Early Childhood Connections (Part C), Child Find (Part B))

• Presentations to community groups to provide an overview of the program and to discuss the

program's progress.

• Public meeting to present the 2004 Annual Report.

• Provided brochures on lead risk reduction to daycare/preschool facilities.

• Bilingual newspaper advertisements and articles encouraging participation in the blood lead

program and the environmental program.

Table 4-1, below, identifies the target groups set forth in the Work Plan and the outreach tools

that have been developed and implemented to date for each group.

The Program continued to focus outreach efforts on families with young children with a

secondary emphasis on the groups eligible to participate in the LCCHP, including residents without

young children and all other property owners within OU9. The building department, land use office and

local real estate offices continue to refer current and potential property owners to the Program. The

educational subcommittee will convene in 2006 to discuss the direction for outreach efforts and begin the

final notification process to residents within Statistical Unit 1 (SU1).

J:\BLDOI\010244\Task IOV3005 Annual Repon\2005AnnualRepoit.FINAI^O«M06jloc 17 MFG, IflC.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

Table 4-1. 2005 Education and Outreach Program Summary

2005 Outreach Effort

or Tobil

s

Education and Outreach,

Target Group

H fe S

II

O;

.c.

|

(D;

'55;

0)

IT

IT-

(S' 0 ffSl

® o

o c 2 o

o <"•

o 9-

w c

C (0

•0;

TO (0

-

I

Notes/Comments^S"

Information

flyer/foreign candy

posters

Posted at the post office,

preschools, health

department, the middle

school and local businesses.

Children's Health &

Safety Fair

Attendance to 274 children

Asset Expo

Attendance of over 250

individuals

Picture Frames

Distributed to families at the

Fair and through the Blood

Lead Program

ICO fact sheet,

public meeting and

newspaper

advertisements

X

Bibs

Distributed to families with

newborns

Building Dept.

reference library

with EPA/HUD

brochures

Coordinated with

other agencies and

groups

Coordination with Social

Services, WIG, Head Start,

Medicaid, Early Childhood

Council, Early Childhood

Connections (Part C), Child

Find (Part B), Nurse Family

Partnership, Private Daycare

licensing and the Lake

County Interagency

Roundtable (LIAR).

Presentations to

community groups

Continued targeting families

with young children. Also

reaching community leaders

and agencies.

Public meeting for

the 2004 Annual

Report

Information Packets

for Head Start

Distributed 70 packets

J:\BLD01\010244\Task 10\2005 Annual Report\2005AnnualRepon_FINAL_(VI0406Joc 1 8 MFG, Inc.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

Welcome brochure

Lead Sources

Brochure/Tips for

Home Cleaning

Brochure

Individual

counseling

Brochures at

preschools/daycare

Newspaper

advertisements

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Distributed through the

environmental program and

reality offices.

Distributed to 94 families

through environmental

program

38 individual advertisements

for the blood lead program

and the environmental

program.

J:\BLDOIWI0244\Task ]0\2005 Annual ReponV2005AnnualRepon.FINAL_040406Ax: 19 MFC, Inc.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

5.0 HEPA VACUUM LOAN PROGRAM

The LCCHP currently has five commercial-grade HEPA vacuums and two residential-grade

HEPA vacuums. The commercial-grade vacuums are available through the vacuum loan program to

provide residents with access to high-quality vacuums for use when conducting remodeling work or a

thorough cleaning of their home. The residential-grade vacuums are provided to residents at the direction

of the LCCHP Work Group. HEPA vacuum loans do not constitute dust response action to address lead

concentrations in dust above the program's trigger level.

During 2005, 19 different families checked out the commercial vacuums. The checkout duration

varied from one day to one month and multiple times, depending on the resident's individual needs. The

residential-grade vacuums are used for long-term loan to individual families. One family had long-term

use of a residential-grade vacuum during 2005 to use while waiting for soil remediation and dust

abatement response actions to be completed. There are no young children residing at the property.

J:\BLDOI\OI0244\Task 10\200S Annual Report\2005AnnualRepon_FINAL_W0406.doc 20 MFG, InC.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

6.0 BLOOD LEAD MONITORING PROGRAM

As part of the LCCHP, the Lake County Health Department provides blood lead testing and

follow-up case management services to Lake County families with young children. The results from the

2005 blood-lead monitoring program are described in this section.

6.1 Participation

In 2005, 412 children between the ages of 6 and 72 months and residing in Lake County

participated in the County blood lead monitoring program by receiving at least one blood lead test. Of

those participants, 236 resided within the OU9 boundaries. Eighty-three (83) of the OU9 children were

first-time participants in the blood lead monitoring program and 153 were returning for follow-up tests.

There were also 59 first-time tested children from outside the OU9 area (Area H). Table 6-1 lists

numbers of participating children by subarea, and Figure 6-1 maps the number of children participating

from each subarea during 2005. Table 6-1 a and 6-lb present participation numbers for the previous

years, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

A total of 312 families participated in the blood lead program during 2005 by having one or more

children tested for blood lead. A total of 373 savings bonds ($50 value each) and 304 gift certificates

($25 each) for Safeway® were distributed to these participating families as part of the incentive program

for blood lead testing.

Table 6-1. 2005 Blood Lead Testing Program Participation (ages 6 to 72 months)

Numbers of Children Participating by Area

fr~ "". ":r::-r - . • •'..'•••.- •

i H^^^^^^^HH^^^B^I^HHH^HHHIHHIIBH^SH^^^K^^W^^MM^I

Total

Participation

First Test

in 2005

woD^mmm^wm^imim^^m^' m- m-:: ~'m -

236

83

32 24 69 55 3 33 20 0

13 9 18 28 1 8 6 0

h ' rt;;' '

176

59

!•»;-•>'-*'.

 :; ;'-*,•..,

•'.' Total;,

f LakeS

County

412

142

J:\BLDOIW10244\Task J0\2005 Annual Repon\2005AnnuolRepon_FINAL_O10406A)C 21 MFG, Inc.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

Table 6-la. 2004 Blood Lead Testing Program Participation (ages 6 to 72 months)

Numbers of Children Participating by Area

,_

..

f

Total

'anticipation

First Test

in 2004

OU9

261

94

. • . ,. ; . .. ,. -.' v..;.;..;i;::=if. J^'i

• • . .' •:. ';-i ,-;/. ;;;f;^j|| gp;

. . . J ."" ' -'-•' , v~: - ••>•-•* "*?-H f*. I

A B C D E: ...•'• ;• RMSv-G^lKXa:

32 20 84 72 5 35* 13 0

13 7 35 23 2 9 5 0

; -,

:

f"xi~;-x •-

^&^

^•-''•v^'^-J ,*-

3?Hl:i-;

154

56

^ v*'!«f ,?<".'"•;

^vlofal^

*":

'<•' ..I^H.'^T?.^ 'l!afct?*-> :

^GlpUnty?:

415*

150

* Includes one child who was tested, but the result was not used when generating the statistic evaluations,

see Section 6.3.

Table 6-lb. 2003 Blood Lead Testing Program Participation (ages 6 to 72 months)

Numbers of Children Participating by Area

'

 ; • ' ' ;. \.--'.

Total

Participation

First Test

in 2003

OU9

244

104

*~\

. . . * x

1

A B CD E F< G X

25 21 77 70 3 33 13 2

13 8 35 29 1 11 5 2

_,, -

«^ ^

H«f

145

63

Totals

^'Lake /

County^

389*

167

* Includes two children who were tested, but the results were not used when generating the statistic

evaluations, see Section 6.3.

6.2 Data Review and Compilation

The Lake County Health Department provides a year-to-date summary of blood lead test results

to the LCCHP Work Group at each Work Group Meeting, as an automated function of their database.

The purpose of this report is to assist the Work Group in tracking blood lead levels throughout the year.

The Health Department's end of year summary for 2005 is included for reference as Appendix B to this

report. Since the program is a continually evolving process, individual children's blood lead levels may

vary throughout the year. The Health Department report tracks all children in the blood lead program,

and may include children whose blood lead data is excluded from blood lead statistical summaries

presented in this Annual Report. Data may be excluded either because a child's blood lead level was

believed to be the result of lead exposure prior to moving to the area, or because the source of their blood

lead was identificied as being outside of the control of the LCCHP. For 2005, no children had blood lead

data excluded from the blood lead summaries presented in this report.

A series of additional data review and compilation steps were followed to provide the working

data set for this report's evaluation of community blood lead levels (BLLs) during 2005. These steps,

J:\BLD01\0102<W\Task J0\2005 Annual Repon\2005AnnualRepon_FINAU_(M0406A)C 22 MFG, Inc.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

provided below, are consistent with the procedures developed by EPA in 1997 (Brattin, 1997) and

adopted for general use by the Kids First Program (predecessor to the LCCHP) in 1999:

• Tests on children age 6 to 72 months, inclusive, at the time of testing are included in data set.

• Tests for children residing within OU9 for less than 3 months are excluded from the data set.

• For capillary tests that are followed by a venipuncture test within 30 days, only the result

from the confirmatory venipuncture test is retained in the data set.

• For children with more than one test result during the year, an arithmetic annual-average

blood lead level (BLL) is computed.

• Annual-average BLLs are used to compute blood lead statistics by area.

• The statistic used to describe central tendency is the geometric mean.

• Ages assigned to each test result are the age at time of testing.

• Ages assigned to annual-average test results are the average of ages at each test that year.

• First-time tested children are those not previously tested by the Lake County blood lead

program.

With respect to the use of capillary test results, described in the third bullet above, a slightly

different procedure was adopted in 2002. Capillary test results are still excluded from the calculation of

the individual, annual average blood lead levels, in favor of venipuncture results when the capillary test is

confirmed by a venipuncture test within 30 days. However, other capillary test results, which are not

followed within 30 days by a confirmatory venipuncture test, are used in calculating individual, annual

average blood lead levels.

In addition, each year a statistical analysis of the blood lead data is performed to determine the

distribution of the data, to allow calculation of appropriate statistical measures to describe and evaluate

the available blood lead data. Statistical tests are used to determine whether the data fall into a normal

distribution (i.e., the distribution of data can be represented by a symmetrical bell shaped curve when

plotted) or non-normal (i.e., nonparametric) distribution. Once the distribution of the data is determined,

statistics can be calculated to describe the central tendency of the data (the number that represents the

center of the distribution) and to describe how the data deviate from this central value. This information

is used to test hypotheses about whether the collected blood lead data indicate the RAOs established for

the LCCHP have been met.

Biomonitoring data, such as blood lead values within a test population, often fall approximately

into what is called a log-normal distribution, meaning the logarithms of the blood lead values (or logtransformed values) are approximately normally distributed. Statistical tests are conducted each year as

part of the LCCHP annual report process to confirm the distribution of the blood lead dataset and to

J:\BLD01\D10244\Task IO\200J Annual Repon\2005AnnualRepon_FINAL_W0406.<loc 23 MFG, InC.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

determine the appropriate method to use to select test statistics to compare the program blood lead data to

the program performance standards. For normal or lognormal distributions, a mean or geometric mean is

used to calculate the central tendency value, and a standard deviation or geometric standard deviation is

used to describe the dispersion from the mean. If the data fall into a non-normal distribution, a median is

calculated and used as the central tendency value. The median is the point on the distribution of data

where half of the values are above that number and half of the values are below it.

For each of the data sets compiled to describe community BLLs within OU9, or any subarea of

OU9, a test for normality (Shapiro Wilks test for normality at 95% confidence level) was applied to

determine the actual data distribution. In 2005, the blood lead data sets for Subareas A, B, C, D, and SU1

are log-normally distributed; Subareas E, F, and G displayed normal data distribution. The 2005 blood

lead data sets for subarea H, OU9 and Lake County are non-normally distributed. The test results for all

of the subarea data sets, as well as the combined data sets for OU9 and SU1 are included in Appendix C.

Summary statistics for each subarea data set (median, geometric mean, geometric standard deviation, 95

percent upper confidence limit on mean and 25th, and 75th percentiles) are also included in Appendix C.

6.3 2005 Community Blood Lead Levels

Table 6-2 presents a summary of the blood lead monitoring results over the past three years for all

children within the Site (OU9), all children within Statistical Unit 1 (SU1), and all children tested residing

outside of the Site (Area H). Presented in the table are the number of children tested within each

geographic area, the arithmetic mean or geometric mean BLL, the median, the standard deviation or

geometric standard deviation (GSD), the number of children with annual-average BLLs between 10 and

14.9 u:g/dL, and the number of children with a BLL above 15 uvg/dL. The 2005 BLL data sets for Area H

and OU9 were not normally distributed. For this reason, median values are presented for comparison of

2005, 2004, and 2003 BLL data. In both Tables 6-2 and 6-3 the geometric mean is presented when the

data represented is log-normally distributed and the arithmetic mean (or average) is presented when the

distribution of the data represented is either normal or not-normal (See Appendix C). The 2005 median

BLL value for OU9 was 2.8 u,g/dL (Table 6-2).

During 2005, no children who resided in OU9 had an annual-average BLL greater than or equal

to 10 pg/dL and no children had an annual-average BLL above 15

J:\BLDOI\OI0244\Task I0\2005 Annual Report\2005AnnualReport_FINAL_W0406.doc 24 MFG, IflC.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

Table 6-2. Annual Blood Lead Monitoring Results (2003 - 2005)

**"T }<i"**>t'-'

 J

ft i» " £**$$£&&

;1

2005 - OU9

2004 - OU9

2003 - OU9

2005 - SU1

2004 - SU1

2003 - SU1

2005 - Area H

2004 - Area H

2003 - Area H

5j "• •: -':; ;•;':'*' ': ... '•"••'^•i'5-f^V-'"''..- • '• • - . -i^ . '••-•. .•'-;-y." •,-•.•: ' "

*•- « Comparison of Annual Blood Lead Statistics

N

236

261

242

114

128

118

176

154

145

Mean/Geo.

Mean

3.12*

3.98*

3.91*

3.01

4.46*

3.75

2.83*

3.05

3.09

'•'••• •• \ '••

Median

2.8

3.6

3.3

3.0

4.2

3.5

2.4

3.1

3.0

SD/GSD

1.79

2.39

2.53

1.74

2.66

1.84

1.87

2.44

1.78

n=10-14.9

pg/dL

0

3

5

0

3

5

3

2

2

n>15^g/dL

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

0

* Blood lead data were non-normally distributed and therefore, a comparison of median values may be more

appropriate. Mean values denoted with an asterisk in this table are the arithmetic mean. Please see Appendix C

for more details.

Table 6-3 presents the number of children tested, mean or geometric mean BLL, median BLL,

and number of children with an annual-average BLL greater than or equal to 10 |ig/dL and less than 15

JJg/dL, and number of children with an annual-average BLL greater than or equal to 15 (J-g/dL, broken

down by subarea. The same subarea data are presented graphically, using box and whisker plots

(showing 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles), on Figure 6-2 to allow for direct

comparison of the distribution of BLLs in the various subareas.

Table 6-3. 2005 Blood Lead Statistics, by Area

Mean/del^: Mean! |r Median* n>15

32 2.89 2.95

B 24 2.64 2.7

69 2.18 2.3

55 3.30 3.2

2.63 3.0

33 2.59 3.7

20 2.51 2.35

J:\BLDOI\OI0244\Task I0\2005 Annual Repcm\2005AnnualReport_FINAL_040406.doc 25 MFG, Inc.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

Table 6-3a. 2004 Blood Lead Statistics, by Area

•&•&:>';,'-

Area;

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

X

aS::->'-- :. ••'•>. . 2004 Blood Lead Statistics'bVAi4^^i|S|BSffiiilH^S

N

32

20

84

72

5

35

13

0

Mean/Geo. Mean

4.13

3.32

3.54

4.77

2.94

3.11

2.55

~

Median

3.8

3.4

3.35

4.85

2.7

2.95

2.7

--

• n=10-14.9vgg/dl!3p

1

0

0

2

0

0

0

--

IWn'MSTtig/dE^I^

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

• •

Table 6-3b. 2003 Blood Lead Statistics, by Area

Area

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

X

; - ••- . "i

 :

- ";•'•• 'f~-;-f^:^~^y'^S(':iS^^!^-lf<K"~iXf'

f

,'

.••••.;•.•••• 2003 Blood Lead Statistics by'Arei^^M ^KS^iMN

25

21

77

69

3

32

13

2

Mean/Geo. Mean

3.62

2.45

3.38

4.25

5.63

3.61

2.37

2.65

Median

3.6

2.5

3.3

4.1

4.0

3.3

2.6

-

n=10-14.9pg/dli%!

1

0

0

4

0

0

0

0

Ja.vy'-iv0'

 ; "j'i^w-'i^f ijii fcz.f

*

rs<, |ft.:ns>1;5 :pg/dli?;y^

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

Participation in the program varied throughout the year. The number of participants increased

during the months of May through September, as is shown in Figure 6-3. Figure 6-3 also shows that

June, July, and August had the highest percentage of participation. The Health Department focused their

outreach and recruitment efforts in the summer and fall because exposures to outdoor sources of lead are

likely to be highest during the summer months, and BLLs are expected to be at their highest during late

summer and early fall.

In addition to the participation of young children described above, 38 adult residents of Lake

County had blood lead testing during 2005. The average Lake County blood lead level for adults was

2.37 }ig/dL and the maximum was 26.63 |ig/dL from subarea H. Included in the 38 adults tested were 31

pregnant women with an average BLL of 1.78 jig/dL and 7 nursing mothers with an average BLL of 4.99

Hg/dL.

J:\BLDOI\OI0244VTask 10\2005 Annual Repon\2005AnnualRepon_FlNAL_040406.doc 26 MFG, Inc.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

6.4 Comparison of Blood Lead Levels Among Groups

Several box and whisker plots were compiled to graphically display the BLLs for different groups

of children residing within OU9 and allow for comparison among those groups. Plots were also prepared

to depict this data by subarea or statistical unit. Only data sets with a minimum of five values were

included on the box and whisker plots.

Figure 6-4 displays the BLLs for children residing within OU9 grouped by age in years. Figure

6-4a displays the BLLs for children grouped by age in years and by subarea. Another age comparison of

BLLs is shown in Figure 6-5, which shows the distribution of BLLs grouped by subarea and statistical

unit, with data displayed for two age groups; ages 0-35 months and 36-72 months old.

Figure 6-6 shows BLLs during months when children are more likely to be outside (June to

October) compared with months when they are more likely to be inside (November to May). These data

are presented for all of OU9 and for SU1 only.

A comparison of BLLs for children in the Medicaid program (n = 96) and children not in the

Medicaid program (n = 140) in OU9 is shown on Figure 6-7. SU1 data, also presented on Figure 6-7,

show 42 children were Medicaid participants and 72 were not. In 2005 the geometric means, median and

75*, 90th, and 95th percentile values for the Medicaid participant's data were lower than those same values

for Non-Medicaid participants. Prior to 2004 the geometric mean, and the data sets in general, were

slightly higher for Medicaid participants when compared with non-Medicaid participants. These slight

variations, or fluctuations, may indicate that Medicaid participation is not a demographic indicator that is

strongly related to a child's potential lead exposure for this area.

Of the children participating in the blood lead program from OU9 in 2005; 174 were from homes

where English is the primary language spoken and 62 were from homes where Spanish is the primary

language spoken. Similarly, in SU1, 80 children tested were from homes where English is the primary

language spoken and 34 were from homes where Spanish is the primary language spoken. A comparison

of the distribution of OU9 and SU1 BLLs by Family's Primary Language is graphically presented in

Figure 6-8. In 2005, the mean, median and 75*, 90* and 95* percentile values were lower in Spanishspeaking participants, compared to English-speaking participants in both OU9 and SU1. This observation

is similar to what was seen in 2004, but different than that observed in 2003, when the mean and data

distribution were very similar for each of the groups in OU9, but in SU1 the mean for the Spanish

speaking participants was slightly higher.

J:\BLDO]V)l02*)\Task IO\20Q5 Annual Repon\2005AnnualReport.FINAL^040406jtoc 27 MFG, InC.
LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

6.5 Relationship of Blood Lead Levels to Environmental Lead Concentrations

The relationship between observed BLLs and the lead concentrations in environmental media

characterized through the LCCHP environmental investigation program are discussed in this section and

graphically depicted in a number of figures. For these comparisons the first blood lead test result of each

year was used for children residing at properties where the environmental test data of interest are also

available (paired data). Because not all environmental media are tested at each property, the number of

data points used in each comparison may vary. For each environmental medium tested, either a

maximum lead concentration or a computed, property average lead concentration was used in these

comparisons, as indicated on each figure.

Box and whisker plots presenting the distribution of first-test BLLs for groups of children,

residing within OU9, categorized by ranges of property average 0 to 6-inch soil-lead concentration are

presented as Figure 6-9. The three ranges of average soil-lead concentrations used to group the data are:

less than 1,500 mg/kg (low); 1,500 to 3,500 mg/Kg (medium); and greater than 3,500 mg/Kg (high).

'Figure 6-9a presents the data using the 0 to 2-inch property average soil-lead values. These figures

indicate that the median blood lead level and range of blood lead levels increase with higher soil lead

levels.

Figures 6-10 through 6-15 present bi-variate plots for first-test BLLs and corresponding average

or maximum lead concentrations in soil, paint, dust and water at the child's residence. Additional bivariate plots were also prepared to present the data from Statistical Unit 1 for the same comparisons of

first-test BLLs to lead levels in environmental media at the residences of tested children. The additional

plots have been numbered, as referenced below, using an 'a' subscript for Statistical Unit 1 data. The

following environmental lead results were used to prepare these plots:

• Average soil lead content computed using all results for soil from the 0 to 6 inch depth

interval (Figures 6-10 and 6-10a) and the 0 to 2 inch depth interval (Figures 6-11 and 6-1 la).

• Maximum lead content of paint in poor-condition (Figures 6-12 and 6-12a).

• Average main living area lead concentration in dust (Figures 6-13 and 6-13a,).

• Average lead concentration in tap water computed using results for samples collected after a

30-second flush of faucet/plumbing (Figure 6-14).

• Average lead concentration in tap water computed using results for samples collected after

holding water in the plumbing for a 6 to 8-hour period (Figure 6-15).

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

A simple linear regression analysis was performed for each bi-variate plot to evaluate the

correlation between each environmental variable and first-test BLLs in resident children. The linear

regression equation and R2 results for those analyses are included on the bi-variate plots. The R2 value is

the amount of variance in blood lead level explained by the environmental variable. For example, an R2

value of 0.2 indicates that 20 percent of the BLL variance is explained by the variation in the

environmental lead level plotted. None of the linear regression analyses performed for these data

comparisons indicate good correlation (e.g., R2 > 0.50) between blood lead levels and any one

environmental media (R2 values typically less than 0.06).

Children may be exposed to lead from many possible sources, including potential sources not

investigated or addressed by the LCCHP. The Program does however, conduct detailed surveys with

each family to characterize demographic information, family activities and occupations and information

regarding other potential sources of lead exposure in their home. In addition to the environmental media

investigated by the Program at a child's primary residence (soil, dust, paint, and water), other possible

sources of exposure include: hobby and/or parents' work activities; cigarette smoke; the use of certain

home remedies; certain types of glazed and clay pottery; foreign candy; exposure to all sources that may

be encountered at day care, play areas, or other residences and locations visited by the child; and exposure

that may occur prior to moving to the site, or from travel to other locations, including foreign countries.

With this number of potential sources and the possibility that children are often exposed to multiple

potential sources, it is difficult to determine, with any certainty, the dominant source, or sources, of lead

contributing to an elevated blood lead level. As has been the case in the past, bi-variate plots of blood

lead versus environmental lead data show that there is no predictable con-elation or relationship between

individual media lead concentrations and blood lead levels. Alternative data presentation techniques

displaying the range of observed blood lead levels at varying ranges of lead concentrations in soil, as

presented on Figures 6-9 and 6-9a, may however, support the hypothesis that higher environmental lead

concentrations do represent a greater exposure risk.

6.6 Additional Data Evaluation

In response to a recommendation from the Work Group, additional data evaluation efforts were

undertaken in 2005 to investigate concerns raised by the Independent Review Panel (IRP) in 2003,

including the observation at the time that the calculated percentage of the participants with blood lead

levels greater than 10 and 15 pg/dL (PI 0 and PI 5), respectively, had not significantly declined over time,

particularly in Statistical Unit 1. As discussed in Section 11.1, a meeting was held in February 2006 to

present and discuss the findings of this additional data evaluation effort. A Technical Memorandum

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

prepared to explain the purpose of this effort, document the data presented and evaluated, and to

summarize the major findings is included as Appendix F to this Annual Report.

The bullets listed below summarize the major findings and conclusions of the additional data

evaluation and the discussions at the meeting. It should be noted, however, that subsequent to the

February 2006 data evaluation meeting the performance standards evaluation, performed as part of this

Annual Report, revealed that the performance standards have been met for SU1.

• Since the time of the IRP's review in 2003, the P10 and P15 values for SU1 have declined

and in fact are approaching levels established as the Performance Standards for the program

that define achievement of the Program's Remedial Action Objectives.

• Central tendency indices of the blood lead data, including geometric mean, arithmetic mean,

and median, continue to decline over time for all of OU9, SU1 and within individual areas of

the Site.

• Additional data presented regarding community blood lead levels for 2000-2004 indicate that

SU1 and in particular Area D continue to have the highest frequency of children with

elevated blood lead levels within the site.

• As described in Appendix F, a number of bi-variate analyses and stratified statistical analyses

were conducted to explore the relationship between blood lead levels and concentrations of

lead in individual environmental media (soil, paint, dust, drinking water). These statistical

tests show that there is no observable correlation or strong relationship between blood lead

levels and the lead concentration in any one individual environmental medium. However,

this does not mean that exposure sources such as lead-based paint or lead in soil or dust may

not be an important exposure source in some cases, only that no one dominant factor was

identified, based on the statistical tests applied, that accounts for elevated blood lead levels in

area children. This lack of a demonstrable correlation may in part be due to a combined effect

from many different variables and the inability of bi-variate analyses to account for multiple

contributing factors simultaneously.

• Alternative data presentation techniques displaying the range of observed blood lead levels at

varying ranges of lead concentrations in soil and paint do, however, show that the median

blood lead level and range of blood lead levels tend to increase with higher soil and paint lead

levels. This observation supports the hypothesis that higher environmental lead

concentrations do represent a greater exposure risk.

• The data presented comparing the changes in blood lead levels of EBL children indicate a

slightly greater average decrease in blood lead levels when a response action (such as paint

abatement or soil remediation) is taken to address environmental media with lead

concentrations above the trigger levels, compared to education alone.

• Overall, the data evaluation supports previous conclusions that lead in a variety of media

(soil, paint, dust) contribute to EBLs in children in OU9, with no one dominant source

identified.

Based on the data evaluation performed, the PSWG does not believe that any further evaluation or

multi-variate analysis is warranted at this time.

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

6.7 Case Management Summary

During 2005, one child tested by the blood lead monitoring program and residing within the site

for some part of the year, had at least one blood lead test result greater than or equal to 10 pg/dL at some

time during 2005. The child's second test was less than 10 ug/dL and the average of the results is slightly

less than 10 |Jg/dL. The child's BLL is declining, but will continue to be monitored. The child resides

within the Site boundaries at the end of 2005. A time series plot of BLLs for Child 7426 is included in

Appendix D. Also included in Appendix D are the time series plots for 5 children who had at least one

BLL greater than or equal to 10 ug/dL at some time during 2004, were tested again in 2005, and who still

live within the County. The child identification numbers presented on these plots have been changed

from the actual identification numbers used in the database to maintain the privacy of program

participants, however the number is the same from past reports.

Whenever a child with an elevated blood lead level is identified, the LCHD conducts individual

counseling with the family and follows the procedures outlined in the Work Plan, based on the CDC

guideline, to address the child's exposure to lead. As part of this counseling, all available information

gathered by the program, including demographics, survey information, and environmental information is

evaluated and used in developing case management activities for participating families. When the child

resides within the site, this includes a referral of the family to the LCCHP environmental testing program

to evaluate and address potential sources of lead exposure.

In addition to the counseling and case management services provided through the LCHD, the

following types of additional actions were performed by the LCCHP for the one first-time tested child

with an elevated blood lead test value during 2005:

• Prior to moving, an environmental investigation was conducted and remediation completed at

this child's former home. Soil sampling was also conducted at the child's current residence

and the results do not exceed the program's trigger criteria. At this time the family has

declined to have other media investigated, but will continue to have their child's blood lead

tested.

Two children had an initial capillary test greater than 10 pg/dL in 2005, however, the

confirmation venous samples for both children were less than 10 ug/dL and the blood lead levels have

continued to decline in subsequent tests. Both children were referred to the environmental program by

the LCHD for services. The LCCHP will continue to encourage routine testing of all children who had

an elevated blood lead test.

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

None of the children who entered the blood lead monitoring program in previous years had a

blood lead test result greater than or equal to 10 ug/dL in 2005. Of the six children in 2004 who had

elevated BLLs or an elevated blood lead test, the program continued to follow five that remained in the

County. One child moved away in 2004. As mentioned previously, time-series plots of BLLs for the five

children remaining in the County are presented in Appendix D. Two of the remaining five children had a

BLL greater than 10 ug/dL at the time of their last test in 2004, but both tested below 10 ug/dL in 2005.

The BLLs of the three other children had dropped below 10 ug/dL by the end of 2004. All three of these

children were tested at least one time in 2005 and all of the children's tests remained below 10 Mg/dL. All

five children continue to live within the Site boundaries. The LCHD continues to provide services as

outlined in the Work Plan.

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

7.0 COORDINATION WITH INSTITUTIONAL CONTROL PROGRAM

Although the performance standards have been met, the remedy will not be considered complete

until appropriate institutional controls are in place. A citizen workgroup has been convened to consider

alternatives and options to address institutional control requirements related to the Superfund Site. The

local governments will also be working with the EPA and the State of Colorado to designate an

acceptable repository, or disposal site, for contaminated soils generated from operations and maintenance

or other post-remediation activities within the Superfund Site.

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

8.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION

This section presents an itemization of implementation problems or management issues and the

processes used or actions taken to resolve them.

• Asarco filed for bankruptcy at the beginning of August 2005. This temporarily suspended the

funding for the LCCHP ceasing all environmental activities including sampling and

remediation. The EPA was able to secure interim funding and continued operations of the

Kids First Program in October 2005.

After the Program began operating again, activities in October and November focused on soil

sampling and the completion of soil response actions. At this time, funding is limited by

statute to response actions for soil, exterior paint and dust. It is uncertain when funding will

be available for interior paint and water responses. EPA is working with Asarco and the

bankruptcy court to have additional funding made available. The program notified all

affected property owners and residents of the issues. If and when funding becomes available

for interior paint and water response actions, scheduling of this work will be prioritized by

the LCCHP Work Group to address properties with young children first, then in the order in

which properties entered the program. Currently, there are 13 properties waiting for interior

paint or water response actions, based on recommendations made by the Work Group.

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

9.0 MODIFICATIONS TO WORK PLAN OR OTHER LCCHP PROCEDURES

No modifications to the Work Plan were recommended by the Work Group in 2005.

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

10.0 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS EVALUATION

The performance of the LCCHP in meeting the remedial action objectives established by EPA for

OU9 was evaluated using data collected by the program during the years 2003, 2004 and 2005.

Performance standards, including the specific methods to be used for measuring performance, were

finalized and documented in a report entitled Methods and Standards for Evaluating the Performance of

the Lake County Community Health Program (PSWG, 2002). A detailed evaluation of LCCHP

performance relative to these standards is included with this Annual Report as Appendix E.

As stated in Appendix E and in accordance with the Performance Standards document, OU9 was

subdivided into two areas that are, described as Statistical Units for the purposes of evaluating the

program's performance. Statistical Unit 1 includes the previously defined subareas A, B, D and E, or the

areas within the City of Leadville and Stringtown. Statistical Unit 2 includes the subareas C, F and G, to

the areas of Westpark, Lake Fork Mobile Home Park and other neighborhoods within the site. A

summary of the evaluation results for each Statistical Unit is provided in Table 10-1.

Table 10-1: Performance Evaluation Results, 2003-2005

^SSSmSS^

1 . The total number of participants is

at least 180 and at least 50% of new

eligible children participate on

average for a 3-yr period.

2. For a 3-yr period, the calculated

PI 0 value < 5% and the calculated

P15 value < 1 %; no individual P10

value exceeding 8%.

3. For a 3-yr period, the probability

that the true P10 exceeds 7% is less

than 5% and the probability that the

true PI 5 exceeds 2% is less than 5%.

4. For children participating over the

last 3 yrs, the proportion of

associated soil lead values greater

than the 70* percentile value for the

entire Statistical Unit is not

significantly lower than 30%.

Final Decision

gaffe Statistical Unit 1 ,< ,. ...v Standard

ISlm?' (A, B, D, E) '''" '•'-- Met?

360 participants over last 3 years;

>90% of estimated newly eligible

children (site wide) for each of 3 years

3-yr P10 = 4.2%, P15 = 0.8%

2003 PI 0 = 6.0%, PI 5 = 1.4%

2004 PI 0 = 4^0%, PI 5 = 0.3%

2005 PI 0=1. 5%, P15 = 0.2%

Probability that the true PI 0 exceeds

7% is less than 1%

Probability that the true PI 5 exceeds

2% is less than 1%

28% of soil lead values for

participating children are greater than

the 70 percentile for soil lead values

determined to date in Statistical Unit

1.

yes

yes

yes

yes

Statistical Unit 1 has met all

performance standards.

.-.,.. , Statistical Unit 2 ••£' *• Standard

(C, F, G) ••;?>,•?'• • Met?

Standard met in 2002

Standard met in 2002

Standard met in 2002

Standard met in 2002

Statistical unit 2 met all performance

standards at the end of 2002; 2003

results confirm no increasing trend in

P10 and PIS values.

yes

yes

yes

yes

As indicated by the information summarized in Table 10-1, the performance standards have been

achieved within both Statistical Unit 1 (subareas A, B, D and E; City of Leadville and Stringtown areas)

and Statistical Unit 2 (subareas C, F and G; outlying neighborhoods around Leadville and Lake Fork

Mobile Home Park).

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

11.0 RECOMMENDATIONS OR COMMENTS FROM LCCHP WORK GROUP

11.1 Response to 2004 Recommendations or Comments

One recommendation from the LCCHP Work Group was provided during the preparation of the

2004 Annual Report. The comment is listed below (in italics) and progress in addressing this item during

2005 is discussed below.

1. As discussed in {he 2004 Annual Report under Data Management and Statistical Analysis, the

Work Group anticipates tasking the Performance Standards Working Group with developing a

strategy to investigate the participants with blood lead levels greater than 10 and 15 pg/dL (P10

and P15). The Performance Standards Working Group will develop a technical memorandum

from their discussions for distribution. A summary of the conclusions reached as a result of this

effort will also be included in the 2005 Annual Report. Analyses of blood lead data presented in

the 2004 Annual Report will be used by the Performance Standards Working Group as a starting

point for discussion of a plan for additional data analyses to address previous comments from the

Independent Panel Review.

The meeting was scheduled in August 2005, but due to Asarco's bankruptcy was reschedule to

December 2005. Due to weather conditions the meeting was again cancelled and rescheduled in

February 2006. At the meeting a number of additional data evaluations were presented and

discussed. The Performance Standards Working Group has developed a technical memorandum,

summarizing the presentation, discussions and conclusions from this meeting, which is included

as Appendix F.

11.2 2005 Recommendations or Comments

Recommendations or comments provided by the LCCHP Work Group during 2005 and in the

preparation of this Annual Report for 2005 include the following:

1. Although the Performance Standards have been met, there are a number of properties,

previously investigated by the Program, where the Work Group has recommended a response

action to address potential lead exposure risks. The Work Group recommends that the

Program complete all pending response actions, where owner access can be obtained. In

addition, the EPA decided to provide a 60-day notification period to allow residents and

property owners one final opportunity to have their properties investigated for lead.

However, initiation and completion of investigations and remediations are dependent on

when the LCCHP trust fund can be accessed. It is possible that delays could be experienced

since this trust fund has been impacted by Asarco's bankruptcy.

2. The Work Group requested to review the list of properties pending remediation at each Work

Group meeting to discuss priorities and to designate any additional priorities after those listed

in the Work Plan. The Work Group developed a priority list for properties pending

remediation, and received an updated list at subsequent Work Group meetings.

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

3. The County requested that the Work Group meetings be open to the public. The Work Group

agreed, although, the meetings have been spilt into two parts, one part open to the public to

discuss environmental data by property number and the other which will remain closed to

discuss confidential medical information.

4. The County recommended adding an additional soil remediation contractor in 2006 to

increase the number of soil remediations being conducted each year.

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LCCHP 2005 Annual Report April 2006

12.0 REFERENCES

Asarco, Incorporated, 1999. (Asarco, 1999) Final Work Plan for the Lake County Community Health

Program, Prepared by MFC, Inc. for Asarco, December 1999.

Brattin, Bill, 1997. (Brattin, 1997) Data Reduction Approach, Memorandum to Rebecca Thomas,

December, 1997.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1991. (CDC, 1991) Preventing Lead Poisoning in

Young Children. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,

Atlanta. October.

LCCHP Performance Standards Working Group, 2002. (PSWG, 2002) Methods and Standards for

Evaluating the Performance of the Lake County Community Health Program (LCCHP). July,

2002.

Lake County Community Health Program Independent Review Panel, Responses to Key

Issues/Questions, 2003. (IRP, 2003) Prepared by Conlin Associates for CDPHE, LCCHP Work

Group, Lake County Health Department, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. December,

2003.

Lake County Health Department, 2006. (LCHD, 2006) 2005 Annual Blood Lead Summary Report.

February, 2006.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999. (EPA, 1999) Record of Decision for Operable Unit 9,

Populated Residential Areas, California Gulch Site, Lake County, Colorado.

U.S. Department of Commerce Census Bureau, 2003. Year 2000 United States Census Data. June, 2003.

J:\BLD01\OI0244\Task 10C005 Annual Repon\2005AnnualRepon_FlNAU.04(M06Joc 39 MFG, Inc.
TABBED PAGE

FIGURES
FIGURES
Color Map(s)

The following pages

contain color that does

not appear in the

scanned images.

To view the actual images, please

contact the Superfund Records

Center at (303) 312-6473.
13-JUN-200

5 GRA: NMRCPRJ?5626\6RA\OU9.GRA' AMI: N:\ARCPrU2\5626VWL\OU9.AML

D

EXPLANATION

Operable Unit 9

(Residential Populated Areas)

Other Operable Units

Deleted Area

Operable Unit 9 Sub-Area Boundaries

California Gulch

Superf und Site Boundary

Sub-Area Designation

Notes: 1. Operabl

e Unit Boundaries

from 1994 Consent Decree

2. Sub Areas H and X are not

delineated on this figure. - Sub- Area H is the designatio

n

used for blood-lead program

participants who live outside

the superfund site boundaries. - Sub- Area X is the designation

used for participants living

within the superfund site

boundaries but not within any

other designated Sub- Area.

SCALE IN FEET

2500 250

0

CALIFORNIA GULCH SUPERFUND SITE

FIGURE 1- 1

OPERABLE UNIT 9

SUB- AREAS

PROJECT: 5626.10

REV:1

DATE: JUNE 13, 2005

BY: CRL | CHECKED: DLL

MFC, Inc.

consulting scientists and engineers
VIAR-2006 GRA: N:\ARCPRJ2\562RGRA\WORKPLN9 060302.GRA' AMI N1ARCPRJ2\5626WML\WORKPLN9 060302.AML

EXPLANATION

Operable Unit 9

(Residential Populated Areas)

Other Operable Units

Operable Unit 9 Sub-Area Boundaries

California Gulch

Superfund Site Boundary

Note:

Operable Unit Boundaries from

1994 Consent Decree

Sub-area with number

gg of participants

Sub-area # of Participants

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

X

32

24

69

55

3

33

20

176

0

Note:

Sub-Areas H and X are not

delineated on this map.

2500 2500

CALIFORNIA GULCH SUPERFUND SITE

FIGURE 6-1

2005 BLOOD LEAD TESTING

PARTICIPATION BY SUB- AREA

PROJECT: 5626.10

REV:1

DATE: MARCH 02, 2006

BY: NJN I CHECKED: DCC

MFC, Inc.

consulting scientists and engineers
Figure 6-2. 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Subarea

CO

<D

T3

O

D^O

B C D F G H

(n=32) (n=24) (n=69) (n=55) (n=33) (n=20) (n=l76)

Subarea

Notes: Blood lead data is annual average blood-lead for each child.

Areas with less than five blood lead values were not included in this plot.

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 6-3: 2005 Participation by Month

120

Q Total Tests D First Time Tests

January February March April May June July August September October November December

MontrT
Figure 6-4. 2005 OU9 Blood Lead Levels by Age Group

10

TJ

I

5

f

0)

CO

CD

O

_O

CO

1-2 2-3 3-4 ,

 4

(n=53) (n=45) (n=51) (n=

Age Group (in years)

5-6

(n=34)

Notes: Data include average blood lead levels for each child.

Age group calculated as average of age at time of each test.

Age groups with less than five blood lead values were not included in this plot.

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 6-4a. 2003-2005 Blood Lead Levels by Area and Age Group (in years)

£ H

Area/Age Group (years)

Notes: Areas/age groups with less than five blood lead values were not includedJn this plot.

Data include annual average blood lead for each child. Some children may be represented more than once.

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 6-5. 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Statistical Unit and Subarea, Ages 0-35 Months and 36-72 Months

20 -i

lo

1C -

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Subarea and Age Range

Notes: Blood lead data is annual average blood lead for each child.

Area/age groups-with less than five blood lead values were not included in this plot.

Age group calculated as average of age at time of each test.

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 6-6. 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Season

\IL

•\r\ IU

^ Q .

"3

"C8D f Oi

0)

T3

0

/I

CD

 4

-

n -

4

4

»

»

4

-J

»

L-

•

•

_L

• •

OU9

June to October

(n=177)

Geometric Mean = 2.73 ng/dL

OU9

November to May

(n=59)

Geometric Mean = 2.54 |ug/dL

SU1

June to October

(n=80)

Geometric Mean = 3.05 ng/dL

SU1

November to May

(n=34)

Geometric Mean = 2.95 |ag/dL

Notes: Blood lead data from childrens' first test of 2005.

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 6-7. 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Medicaid Participation

12

10

>

ca 6

<D

T3

O

55

 4

OU9

Medicaid Participants

(n=96)

Geometric Mean = 2.45 ng/dL

OU9

Non-Medicaid Participants

(n=140)

Geometric Mean = 2.84 jag/dL

SU1

Medicaid Participants

(n=42)

Geometric Mean = 2.76 ng/dL

SU1

Non-Medicaid Participants

(n=72)

Geometric Mean = 3.16 ng/dL

Notes: Blood lead data is annual average for each child—

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 6-8. 2005 Blood Lead Levels by Family's Primary Language

12

10 -

•o

1*

-o

CO

0)

m

 4

Q

2 -

1

OU9

Spanish Primary Laguage

(n=62)

Geometric Mean = 2.24 ng/dL

1

SU1

Spanish Primary Laguage

(n=34)

Geometric Mean = 2.55 |jg/dL

OU9

English Primary Language

(n=174)

Geometric Mean = 2.85 pg/dL

SU1

English Primary Language

(n=80)

Geometric Mean = 3.23 ng/dl

Family's Primary Language

Notes: Blood lead data is annual average for each child.-

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 6-9. 1994-2005 Blood Lead Levels by Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead Levels

tu -

1 QTo

ID '

1 A

j

 14

^O) *1 O ii \£.

"CSD 1 mU "

0)

"O fi

X °

CO cu

4 -

0

.

•

*

-p

. T

i

i i i

<1500 1500-3500 >3500

(n=412) (n=145) (n=87)

Geometric Mean = Geometric Mean = Geometric Mean =

3.74 ng/dL 5.06 ng/dL 5.76 ng/dL

0-6" Soil Lead Level (mg/Kg)

Notes: Blood lead data for childrens' first test, for OU9 residents only.

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles.
Figure 6-9a. 1994-2005 Blood Lead Levels by Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead Levels

£U n

1 fi -i

ID

1 K -

1/1 -

5*

O) 1O _

trt 10 -

o

_J

o

o

m o"

4 _

-

n -

*

*

l

•

I d k

• •

<

1500

 1500-3500 >3500

(n=428) (n=132) (n=82)

Geometric Mean = Geometric Mean = Geometric Mean =

3.71 ng/dL 5 47 ng/<jL 5.73 uq/dL

0-2" Soil Lead Level (mg/Kg)

Notes: Blood lead data for childrens' first test, for OU9 residents only.

The line within the boxes indicates the median.

The boundaries of the boxes indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles.

The whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles.

The dots indicate the 5th and 95th percentiles (minimum n = 10).
Figure 6-10. 1994 - 2005 Sitewide Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

35

30

0)

"S 20

o>

o

£

m 15

to

10

Trendline Equation

y = O.OOOSx + 4.5202

R

2

 = 0.054

:

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

Average0-6" SbilLead(mg/Kg)

14000 16000 18000 _
Figure 6-1 Oa. 1994-2005 - Statistical Unit 1 - Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood

Lead Level

40

35

30

25

o>

20

•o

o

o

5 15

t«

10

0

"•• n * i

« " * *

* *

•

$

Trendline Equation

y = 0.0004X + 5.5092

R

2

 = 0.0201

2000 4000 _ . 6000 ._ 8000

Average 0-6" Soil Lead (mg/Kg)

10000 12000
Figure 6-11. 1994 - 2005 Sitewide Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

40

35

30

25

2

<u

"g 20

o>

•D

O

£

CD 15

2

il

10

Trendline Equation

y = 0.0005x + 4.5312

R

2

 = 0.0598

5000 10000 15000

Average 0-2" Soil Lead (mg/Kg)

20000 25000
Figure 6-11 a. 1994-2005 - Statistical Unit 1 - Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood

Lead Level

40

35

30

I

a 25

1

v.

"S 20

TJ

§

5 15

10

* ^ * * * / *

•

« I*

* *

*

*. *

*

** 4 *

Trendline Equation

y = 0.0004X + 5.5394

R

2

 = 0.022

^* f~ A *** t* ^1** v**-v * . ^». -*-*-< j"5

*.

2000 4000 6000 8000

Average 0-2" Soil Lead (mg/Kg)

10000 12000
Figure 6-12. 1994-2005 - Sitewide - Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor condition) vs.

First-test Blood Lead Level

35

30

^ 25

I

J

 20

•o

(0

15

m*«

(0

* :

Trendline Equation

y = 0.4418x +5.0989

R

2

 = 0.0528

••*

: .

•* »***'.»

0 3456 7

Maximum Lead in Poor Condition Paint (mg/cm2)

10
Figure 6-12a. 1994-2005 - Statistical Unit 1 - Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor

condition) vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

35

30

25

£ 20

CO

0)

o

 10

m

£

 10

* * *

* <

*

« %

•

•

•

Trendline Equation

y = 0.3645X + 5.7034

R

2

 = 0.0345

% *

,.-•-•* •

* *

*** 4» * » * : *

123456 7

Maximum Lead in Poor Condition Paint (mg/cm2)

10
Figure 6-13. 1994-2005 - Sitewide - Average Main Living Area Dust Lead vs. First-test Blood

Lead Level

Trendline Equation

y = O.OOOSx + 6.2858

R

2

 = 0.0038

2000 4000 6000 8000

Average Dust Lead (mg/Kg)

10000 12000 14000
Figure 6-13a. 1994-2005 - Statistical Unit 1 - Average Main Living Area Dust Lead vs. First-test

Blood Lead Level

35

30

426

0>

0)

20

•o

o

o

5 15

10

t

* *

r* * * *

*v • * *

* * ** *

Trendline Equation

y = -6E-05x + 7.2153

R

2

 = 0.0002

t

2000 4000 6000 8000

Average Dust Lead (mg/Kg)

10000 .12000 14000
Figure 6-14. 1994-2005 - Sitewide - 30-second Flush Water Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead

Level

35

30

1

3 25

2

o>

"g 20

o>

•o

o

5 15

«

10

!

*»*

>*' *

Trendline Equation

y=-0.1634x +6.0809

R

2

 = 0.0047

6 8 10

30-second Flush Water Lead (mg/L)

12 .14 16 -
Figure 6-15. 1994-2005 - Sitewide - 6-8 hour Hold Water Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level

35

30

1

25

Trendline Equation

f = -0.1064x + 6.4572

R

2

 = 0.0049

10 15_ 20 25 30

6-8 hour Hold Water Lead (mg/L)

35 40 45
APPENDIX A

Education and Community Outreach Brochures
Color Photo(s)

The following pages

contain color that does

not appear in the

scanned images.

To view the actual images, please

contact the Superfund Records

Center at (303) 312-6473.
Me bears been tested for high lead yet?

No? Callus at486-0118

•sr w

>3

£'«^

I Testing i&available at no charge for

1 children 12 to 36 months old,

pregnant and nursing women to

insure their newborns are not

exposed to lead.

Lake County Nursing Service

Blood Lead Program

112 West 5th St.

^~ Leadville, CO. 8O4 61
3*338

Lake County Nursing Service 486-0118

Enfenneria de Salud del Condado Lake 486-0118

/-"^"^\ ,--~^>"A

TOP 12 CANDIES TO AVOID

EVITA LOS 12 DULCES ALTO EN

PLOMO

Bolirim

Rottifo deTamarindo

Lucas Limon

Tablarindo

HIGHEST RESULTCANDY(ppm)

RESULTADOS ALTOS

DULCE (ppm)

5,800

0.3

0.6

0.7

1.4

HIGHEST RESULTS

WRAPPER(ppm)

RESULTADOS ALTOS

ENVOLTURA(ppm)

5,000

3,800

1.7

N/A

11,000

HOW MANY TIMES OVER

FDA'S raaiH stHdar4(.lppn)

CL'APiTAS VECES SE A

PASADO DE LAS NORMAS DEL

FDA'S (JPPMI

29,000 times(candy)

29,000veces(dulce)

8.3times(wrapper)

8.3veces(envoltura)

1

1.25 rimes(candy)

1.25veces(dulce)

6.3times(wrapper)

63veces(envoltura)

3times(candy)

3veces(dulce)

3.26 times (candy)

3.26veces(diilce)

7 times (candy)

Tveces(dulces)

18_3times(wrappers)

183veces(envoltura)

Serpentinas 0.4 15,000

2times(candy)

2veces(dulce)

25times(wraper)

25veces(envoltura)

Super Rebanadit;

Tama Roca

Paleton con chile

0.5

1.1

N/A

J^Ssrasp^gKa

N/A

22,000

7,000

2.5times (candy)

2.5vcces(dulce)

S.Stimes (candy)

5.S vetes(dulce)

37times(wrapper)

37veces(envol1ura)

12times(wrapper)

12veces(envo!tura)
APPENDIX B

Lake County Health Department Annual Blood Lead Summary Report
Kids First Report

2005 Blood Lead Testing Results

Lake County, Colorado

2l-Feb-06

New

Area

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

A-G

Kids

Area

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

A-G

Kids Tested in 2005 Who Live in Superfund Site

Number

13

9

18

28

1

8

6

83

in Site Tested

Number

19

15

5 1

27

2

25

14

153

Average Blood Lead

2.46

1.96

'2.6

3.36

3.0

4.43

2.09

2.83

Prior to and Again in

Average Blood Lead

3.23

3.15

2.04

3.24

2.26

2.77

2.21

2.6

10 to 14.9 ug/dL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2005

10 to 14.9 ug/dL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

> 15 ug/dL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

> 15 ug/dL

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Maximum Blood Lead

4.4

2.9

7.2

9.95

3.0

8.3

5.5

9.95

Maximum Blood Lead

9.3

7 .1

5.9

9 .1

3.4

6.6

4.4

9.3

Kids Tested in 2005 Who Live in Superfund Site for Area X

Area Number Average Blood Lead 10 to 14.9 ug/dL > 15 ug/dL Maximum Blood Lead

Kids Tested in 2005 Who Live Out of Superfund Site

Area Number Average Blood Lead 10 to 14.9 ug/dL > 15 ug/dL

H 176 2.38 3 0

Maximum Blood Lead

12.35

All Kids and Areas Tested in 2005

Number Average Blood Lead

412 2.55

10 to 14.9 ug/dL > 15 ug/dL Maximum Blood Lead

3 0 12.35

Adults (15 yrs. or older) Tested in 2005

Number Average Blood Lead

38 1.61

10 to 14.9 ug/dL > 15 ug/dL

0 1

Maximum Blood Lead

26.63

Total Individuals Tested in 2005 = 454

Notes:

Numbers are based on agreed upon criteria for inclusion :

Average blood lead is based on geometric mean of individual average values

Total kids may not equal the sum of the kids by areas if areas are not assigned to all of the blood lead results

Total individuals may not equal kids plus adults if individuals less than 6 months or between 6 and 15 years

of age were tested
APPENDIX C

Blood Lead Summary Statistics and Test for Normality Results
Summary Statistics: 2005 Blood Lead Levels

Area

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

SU1

OU9

Lake County

n

32

24

69

55

3

33

20

176

114

236

412

Distribution

Type

Lognormal

Lognormal

Lognormal

Lognormal

Normal

Normal

Normal

Not Normal

Lognormal

Not Normal

Not Normal

Mean/Geometric

Mean*

2.89

2.64

2.18

3.30

2.63

3.59

2.51

2.83

3.01

3.12

2.99

St. Dev./Geo.

St. Dev

1.8

1.6

1.2

2.2

1.0

1.8

1.3

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.8

Median

3.0

2.7

2.3

3.2

3.0

3.7

2.4

2.4

3.0

2.8

2.6

Minimum

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

25th

Percent! le

2.1

2.2

1.5

2.3

2.3

2.3

1.4

1.6

2.1

1.8

1.8

75th

Percentile

3.8

3.4

3.1

4.8

3.2

4.5

3.2

3.5

4.1

3.9

3.7

Maximum

9.3

7.1

7.2

10.0

3.4

8.3

5.5

12.4

10.0

10.0

12.4

Notes: • The mean, standard deviation, and upperconfidence limit on the mean are computed based on distributional assumptions consistent with the distribution type listed.

For non normally distributed data sets, including those with n<3, mean and standard deviation computed assuming the normal distribution: non-parametric methods used to compute Ihe 95% UCL.

J:\BLD01\010244\Task 10\2005 Annual Report\Data\2005BLLDataByArea
LognomalQ-OPIotforA

-2.5 -2.0 •1.5 -1.C -0.5 O.C 0.5

Theoretical Quantleo (Standard Nomai;

1.0 1.5 2.0 25

M . 32. Mean . 1.C612. Sd . 0.5305

Slope = 1.0180. Intercept = 0.0001). Coirelation. R = 0.99162698

Shapiro-Wilk Statistic = 0.979. Cntical Vakje(0.05) = 0.939. Data are Lognormal

Lognorma) Q-Q Hot for B

-1.0 •0.5 00 0.5

Theoretical Quantiles (Standard Normal)

1.0 1.5 2.0

N = 24. Mean • 0.9E9G. Sd = 0 5489

Slope = 1.0137. Intercept = 0.0000. Correlation. R = 0.98122381

Shapiro-Wilk Statistic = 0.953. Cntical Value(0.05) = 0 916 Data are Lognormal
Lognormal Q-Q Plot for C

-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 •l.C -0.5 0.0 0.5

theoretical Quantiles (Standard Normal}

1.0 V5 2.0 2.5

N = 69. Mean • 0.7783. Sd • 0.4821

Slope = 1.0040. Intercept = O.OOOD. Correlation. R = 0.9894C498

Ljltefors Statistic = 0.081. Crtical Value(O.D5) = 0.107. Data an Lognormal

LognoimalQ-QPkitforD

-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5

Theoretical Quantiles (Standard Normal)

10 1.5 2.0 2.5

M-55. Mean .1.1941. Sd = 0.5729

Slope = 1.0D80 Intercept = 0.0000. Correlation. R = 0.59066898

Liliefore Statistic = 0.054. Critical Value(0.05) = 0.119. Data are Lognormal
Normal QO Plot for E

-0.2 0.0 0.2

Theoretical Quarmles (Standard Normal',

0.4 0.8 l.C

N • 3. Mean = 2.6333. Sd . 1.C317

Slope = 1.03S9. Intercept = 0.0000. Correlation. R = 0.94M2CK1

Shapiro-W* Statistic - 0.899. Critical Value(0.05) •= 0.767. Data am Normal

Normal Q-Q Plot for F

•2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -05 0.0 0.5

Theoretical Quarffles (Standard Normal)

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

N . 33. Mean . 3.5864. Sd = 1.7954

Slop* = 1.0086. Hercept = 0.0000. Correlation. R = 0.98303846

Shapiro-Wilt Statistic = 0.960. Crtical Value(O.OS) = 0.931. Data are Normal
NonnalQ-Q Plot for G

•1.0 -0.5 00 0.5

Theoretical Quanta (Standard Normal)

1.0 1.5 2.C

N . 2D. Mean = 2.5050. Sd = 1.3371

Slope = 0.9968, Intercept = 0.0000. Correlation. R = Q.96026131

Shawo-Wilk Statstic = 0.911. Crtical Value(O.OS) = 0.905. Data are Normal

LognormalQ-Q Plot for H

Theoretical Quartites (Standard Normal)

M = 176. Mean = 0.8687. Sd.0.5732

Slope = 0.9896, Intercept ^ 0.0000, Contblion. R = 0.98277172

UlCefors Statisljc = 0.033. Critical Vabe(0.05) = 0.067. Data not Lognormal
Lognormal Q-Q Plot for Lake County

Theoretical Quarto (Standard Nome!}

N - 412. Mean ° 0.9348. Sd - C.E674

Slope = 0.9908. Intercept • O.CO. Correlation. R = 0.98745303

Ullidore StaalK: = 0.072. Criticzl V«!ue(O.Q5) = 0.044. Dala not Lognoimal

Lognomal Q-Q Plot for OU9

Theoretical QuarMM (Standard Noimal)

N = 236. Mean • 0.9841. Sd = 0.5592

Slope = 0.9951. Intercept = 0.0000. Correlation. R = 0.98970S33

Uiefora Statistic = 0.062. Cntical Value(0.05) = 0.056. Data not Loflnormal
LognormalOQ Plot for SU1

Theoretical Quantiles (Standard Normal)

N.114. Mean •1.1021. Sd • 0.5551

Slope =• 1.0012. Intercept = 0.0000. Correlation. R = 0.99145178

LilWors Ststistic = 0.055. Critical Va!ue{0.05) = 0.083. Data are Lognormal
Histogram

24

Histogram

25 T

20 -

15 --

<u 10 --

5 --

H—I—H

12 16 20 24

Area C

Histogram

= 6

H—f—I—I—I—I—I

12 16 20

Area B

24

Histogram

16

12 16 20 24

Area D
Histogram

9 y

8 -

7 -•

6 -

ST 4

8 12 16 20 24

Histogram

50 -r45 --

40 --

35 -

I" 30 -•

I

25'

£ 20--

u.

15 -

10

8 12 16 20 24

AreaH

Histogram

12 16 20 24

Histogram

8 12 16 20 24

OU9
Histogram

24

Histogram

24
APPENDIX D

Time-Series Data for Elevated Blood Lead Children
1

4

Child 444

12

10

^j•go5

S

** s*

J&

Date
Child 938

0 -

Date
Child 1658

•8o

s

Date
20

18

16

14

12

10

Child 5415

e>

pa

Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05

Date

Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05
Child 7426

12

10

I

6 --

O

O

4 --

0 -

Oct-05 Nov-05

Date
16

Child 7631

14

12 -

10

I

j

•a

§

Date
APPENDIX E

Evaluation of LCCHP in Terms of Performance Standards for OU9,2003 - 2005
Appendix E

Evaluation of LCCHP in Terms of Performance Standards for OU9

The performance of the LCCHP in meeting the remedial action objectives established by

EPA for OU9 was evaluated using data collected by the program during the calendar years 2003,

2004 and 2005. The following report summarizes steps taken to assemble and analyze those data

and presents the results of evaluation of the data in accordance with the Methods and Standards

for Evaluating the Performance of the LCCHP prepared by the LCCHP Performance Standards

Working Group (July 2002).

For the purposes of evaluating the program's performance, OU9 is subdivided into two

areas, described as Statistical Units. Statistical Unit 1 includes the previously defined subareas A,

B, D and E. or the areas within the City of Leadville and Stringtown (Figure 1-1). Statistical Unit

2 includes the subareas C, F and G (Figure 1-1). As stated in the Methods and Standards

document, the remedy for a Statistical Unit will be considered complete when the following

performance standards are achieved.

Standard 1

The total number of blood lead program participants from the Statistical Unit over the

preceding 3-year period (i.e., the sum of the number of participants for each of three running

years) shall be at least 180 children (age 6-72 months), and the 3-year average recruitment of

newly eligible individuals shall be 50% or greater.

Standard 2

Based on the consolidated blood lead data set for the three year period, the calculated P10

value shall be 5% or less, and the calculated P15 value shall be 1% or less, with no individual P10

value in any of the three years exceeding a value of 8%.

1

J:\BLDOI\OI024-l\Ta5k 10,2005 Annual Rcpon\Appcndix E - PcrfSlds\2005 Appx E FJNAL_MW06.doc
StandardB

Based on the consolidated blood lead data set for the three year period, the probability

shall be less than 5% that the true P10 value exceeds 7%. and the probability shall be less than

5% that the true P15 value exceeds 2%.

Standard 4

Based on the set of soil lead data for blood lead program participants during the

preceding three year period, the proportion of soil lead values above the 70th percentile of the

Statistical Unit as a whole will not b'e significantly lower than 30%, unless the reason for the

difference is unavoidable.

Performance Standard Data Compilation

The types of data used in the performance evaluation included:

number of children under six years old participating in the blood lead

monitoring program each year (children having at least one test that year);

estimate of number of newly eligible children, each year, from kindergarten

enrollment from Margaret J. Pitts Elementary School and Joyful Noise

Kindergarten and live birth count from the Colorado Department of Public

Health and Environment;

annual average (arithmetic mean) blood lead levels for each child tested in each

of the three years;

individual first-test results for children tesied in each of the three years who

resided at properties that had soil investigation results; and

soil investigation data for all properties investigated through 2005 by the

LCCHP.

Conventions used to select blood lead test results for inclusion in the annual average for

each child and in the annual summary for tested children were consistent with the data reduction

approach included in Attachment 8 of the Methods and Standards document. The 2005 blood

lead data used for the performance standards evaluation are consistent with those presented in this

2005 annual report.

2

J:\BLD01\010244\Task I0'i2005 Annual Repon\Appendix E - PcrfSlds\2005 Appx E FINAL_CMM06.doc
If there are any children with elevated blood lead levels attributable to sources outside of

OU9 or beyond the control of the LCCHP, those children's test results are excluded from the

annual data reports. No children were eliminated from the 2005 data set.

To complete the evaluation of Standard 4, soil investigation results were compiled by

computing an average lead concentration in yard soil for each of the tested properties using all the

reported results for soils collected from the 0- to 6- inch depth interval and from the surface-toroot-zone depths of garden bed areas (typically from the surface to 4-8 inch depths). At each

sampled property, the average yard-soil concentration is a simple arithmetic mean. There is no

weighting for areas represented by each sample because representative areas are not estimated for

most of the samples collected by the LCCHP. This approach provides a general description of

the average lead concentrations in yard soil, but these values may be biased by the numbers of

samples collected in different areas of the yard.

For investigated properties where soil remediation has already been completed, postremediation soil-lead data are typically not available. In these cases, a substitute value of 200

ing/Kg is assigned to the property as the average yard-soil lead concentration. Given the

statistical method used to compare average soil lead values (comparisons of upper percentiles

from two data sets), the substitution value used at the low end of the data distribution is not

critical (i.e., does not influence the comparison test result).

Each child's first test date and residence address were compared to the list of tested and

remediated properties. ]f the child resided at a property with soil-test results, those results were

linked to the child. If the child resided at a property with soil-test results, but the property had

been remediated before the child's first blood lead test date, then the replacement result for a i

remediated property, 200 mg/Kg, was linked to the child.

Resulting data sets used for statistical evaluations in the performance standard evaluation

are included as Attachment 1.

Statistical Evaluation of Data

The site is divided into two units for statistical evaluation of blood lead levels in young

children residing within OU9. The first unit, Statistical Unit 1 (SU1). comprises Areas A, B, D

J:\BLDOIWI0244\Task IO\J005 Animal Rcpon\Appcndix E - PerfSlds\2005 Appx E FlNAL_04M06.doc
and E. Statistical Unit 2 (SU2) comprises Areas C, F and G, but because the performance

standards have been attained for this area, no further evaluation is required.

The following evaluation steps were completed for SU1:

For each of the three years (2003-2005), the total number of children tested at

ages under 6 years old was counted.

For each of the three years (2003-2005), the number of children under 6 years old

tested for the first time that year was counted.

For each of the three years (2003-2005), the set of annual average blood lead

levels, one value for each participating child, was tested for normality, and P10

and PI 5 values were identified using a method appropriate to the data

distribution.

For the three years combined, the set of annual average blood lead levels, one

value for each child participating in each of the three years, was tested for

normality, and P10 and PI 5 values were identified using a method appropriate to

the data distribution.

For the three years (2003-2005) combined, the soil lead values at properties

where tested children resided at the time of their first test were compiled for

comparison to the soil lead values at all of the properties tested within the SU.

If the P10 and P15 values identified for annual and three-year combined data sets for an

individual SU met their performance standards, then the uncertainty associated with the estimates

of the P10 and PI 5 values is evaluated to determine whether the possible errors associated with

those values are acceptable for decision making in accordance with Performance Standard 3.

Results of Statistical Evaluation for Years 2003-2005

The results of the performance evaluation for years 2003-2005 are listed on Table E-l.

Statistical Unit 1 (Areas A, B, D, E)

Table E-l lists the results for the SU1 performance evaluation. There were 360 children

from SU1 tested in 2003, 2004 and 2005 combined. This exceeds the performance standard of

180 for the 3-year time period.

4

J:\BLD01WI0244\Taslc I0\200i Annual Rcpon\Appcndix E - Pcrf Slds\2005 Appx E FINAL_WW06.doc
The estimate of newly eligible children tested was completed for the entire site, rather

than by SU, because there are no data available to describe the relative proportions of newly

eligible children residing in each statistical unit. When compared to the number of new births

and number of children enrolling in kindergarten each year, it appears that the number of new

children tested from OU9 exceeds the required minimum of 70 percent of the newly eligible

children for each year from 2003 through 2005.

The calculated P10 and PI 5 values for each year and for the three years combined are

reported on Table E-l and shown graphically on Figure E-2. The P10 and P15 values for SU1 in

2005 are 1.5% and 0.2%, respectively. The distribution of the 2005 blood lead data set was

determined to be log-normally distributed. A plot of the data distribution and spreadsheet model

used for these calculations are provided as attachments in this Appendix. The P10 value for the

three years combined (2003-2005) is 4.2%, and the PI 5 value is 0.8 % within SU1. This dataset;

is best fit by a log-normal distribution, and the spreadsheet model provided in the Methods and

Standards document was used 10 calculate the P10 and PI 5 values. These results meet the

performance standards for the three year P10 and PI 5 of 5% and 1%, respectively, and continue

the downward trend of these values observed over the last 4 years.

The uncertainty analysis (Standard 3) was performed to evaluate errors associated with

the P10 and PI 5 value estimates. The probability of the true PI 0 value exceeding 7% is less than

1%. The probability of the true PI 5 exceeding 2% is also less than 1%. Therefore, SU1 blood

lead data meet the performance standards. Results of the uncertainty analysis are included in the

attachments 10 this Appendix and include graphical presentations of the frequency and cumulative

frequency distribution diagrams.

Regarding soil-lead levels for tested children, the comparison performed to evaluate

Standard 4 indicates that 28 percent of the assigned soil lead values for participating children (soil

lead at 23 of 83 properties) are greater than the 70th percentile for all soil lead values obtained to

date within the statistical unit. Based on the evaluation criteria outlined in the Methods and

Standards for Evaluating the Performance oftheLCCHP. children tested from SU1 reside at

properties that adequately represent properties with elevated soil-lead levels within the SU as a

whole. Therefore, SU1 meets performance standard number 4.

5

J:\BLDOI\OI02l4\Tasli lO'JOOS Annual RcponXAppcndix E • Pcrf Sids\2005 Appx E FINAL_04W06.doc
Statistical Unit 2 (Areas C, F, G)

For SU2, all performance standards were attained at the end of 2002 (i.e., years 2000-

2002). Because the highest P10 and PI5 values were both from the year 2002, the work group

recommended that a test for trend be performed at the end of 2003 using four years of blood lead

data rather than just three. The test for trend did not indicate a statistically significant upward

trend at the 95 percent confidence level. The remedy is considered complete within Areas C, F

and G of OU9, and the P10 and PI 5 values are no longer being calculated.

Summary

The data collected by the LCCHP from 2003-2005 were used to complete the data

analyses required for evaluation of the program's performance during those years. Those

analyses indicate that the performance standards have been achieved within both Statistical Unit 1

(subareas A, B, D and E; City of Leadville and Stringtown areas) and Statistical Unit 2 (subareas

C, F and G; outlying neighborhoods around Leadville and Lake Fork Mobile Home Park).

The raw data and output from statistical analyses described in this summary are attached

for reference.

6

J:\BLD01\OI0244\Task I (MOOS Annual Rcpon\Appencli» E • Perf Sids\2005 Appx E FINAL_04CW06.dcic
Table E-l. Performance Evaluation Results, 2003-2005

1. The total number of participants is at least

1 80 for each SU and at least 50% of new

eligible children (site wide) participate on

average for a 3-yr period.

2. For a 3-yr period, the calculated PIO value <

5% and the calculated PI 5 value < 1%; no

individual PIO value exceeding 8%.

3. For a 3-yr period, the probability that the true

PIO exceeds 7% is less than 5% and the

probability that the true P15 exceeds 2% is less

than 5%.

4. For children participating over the last 3 yrs,

the proportion of associated soil lead values

greater than the 70th percentile value for the

entire Statistical Unit is not significantly lower

than 30%.

Final Decision

'^Statistical UnitlilOfft

':' - "^ '^••' (A, B, D,'E) ' "^':^f <

360 participants over last 3 years;

>90% of estimated new eligible

children (site wide) for each of 3 years

3-yrP10 =4.2%, PI 5 = 0.8%

2003 PIO = 6.0%, PI 5= 1.4%

2004 P 1 0 = 4.0%, P 1 5 = 0.3%

2005 P 1 0 = 1 .5%, P 1 5 = 0.2%

Probability that the true PIO exceeds

7% is less than 1%

Probability that the true PI 5 exceeds

2% is less than 1%

28% of soil lead values for

participating children are greater than

the 70 percentile for soil lead values

determined to date in Statistical Unit 1 .

Standard? •:- it-s«! teys t

•#*Met?*

yes

yes

yes

yes

Statistical Unit 1 has met all performance

standards.

^'•'Vi * Statistical Unit 2 ' •:'•*' (C,F,G). • • -':

.

?::;

Standard met in 2002.

Standard met in 2002

Standard met in 2002

Standard met in 2002

Standard

Met?

yes

yes

yes

yes

Statistical unit 2 met all performance

standards at the end of 2002; 2003 results

confirmed no increasing trend in PIO and

P15 values.

J:\BLDOI\nin244\Tmk 1IA2(KI5 Atiminl RcpnrtWppcndin E - Perf Std.«\2005 Appi E FINAL_04n4IM.doc
Appendix E Attachments

Documentation of Data Analyses

Completed to Evaluate Performance of Lake County Community Health Program

2003-2005
Recruitment Rate Estimate
Recruitment Rate in LCCHP Blood Lead Monitoring Program (within OU9 boundaries)

Year

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Live-births Count

92

96

112

114

100

129

133

139

140

144

124

114

124

Kindergarten Count

113

124

117

102

98

115

106

103

100

100

95

New Children

Moved In

10

2

3

-8

3

-29

-33

-44

New Eligible Children

Lake County

110

131

136

131

143

115

91

70

OU9

74

88

91

88

96

77

61

47

First-time Tested

OU9

152(1994+1995)

149

145

88

77

87

85

141

104

94

83

Recruitment Rate

w/in OU9

1.19

0.88

0.95

0.97

1.47

1.35

1.54

1.77

Notes:

98-05 average rate = 1.27

Live-births Count from Lake County Health Department.

Kindergarten Count from Margaret J. Pitts Elementary School and Joyful Noise Kindergarten based on the number of children 5 years and older on October 1 of calendar year.

New Children Moved In is the kindergarten count this year minus the live births 5 years previous.

New Eligible Children/Lake County is the sum of # of live births from previous year and M of children moved into site.

New Eligible Children/OU9 represents 67 percent of Lake County value.

Participation Rate is the first-time tested count divided by the estimate of new eligible children in OU9.

Italics indicates estimated values. NA = Not Available.

2005participation_022706.xls
Statistical Unit 1 PI0 and P15 Calculations

and Uncertainty Analysis
SU1 2005

INSTRUCTIONS

1 Enter blood lead values into coulmn B (max = 500 values) ,-. ••: . • ~^

2 Press Control C :- ' * '.' ' ' -• "'•'. .'•.'.'..'••"-'•'< •

• '.••',- ' - . -' J-|

3,Calculated and observed RIO and p,,15.values are,shown below "v*'.'•'•'"/,;•-.••;V:;-Il

4 [Accept ifi'Ahderson . '

Summary Statistics

N total 114

GM 3.01

GSD 1 .74

>io'""~"~'^~~i .5% "^

P15 -0.2 %

ADStal -114.636

AD Critical 0.752

Decision Accept LN

Rank PbB In(PbB)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

2

2

2.1

2.1

2.1

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.262

0.336

0.405

0.405

0.470

0.531

0.531

0.531

0.531

0.588

0.588

0.588

0.642

0.642

0.693

0.693

0.742

0.742

0.742

plile

0.009

0.017

0.026

0.035

0.043

0.052

0.061

0.070

0.078

0.087

0.096

0.104

0.113

0.122

0.130

0.139

0.148

0.157

0.165

0.174

0.183

0.191

0.200

0.209

0.217

0.226

0.235

0.243

z-score

-2.378

-2.111

-1.942

-1.815

-1.712

-1.624

-1.548

-1.479

-1.417

-1.360

-1.307

-1.257

-1.211

-1.166

-1.124

-1.084

-1.046

-1.009

-0.973

-0.939

-0.905

^0.873

-0.842

-0.811

-0.781

-0.752

-0.723

-0.695

mu

sigma

1.10

0.56

I Z(i) 2i-1

Anderson Darling Calcs

n+1-i Z(n+1-i) term(i) Raw AD Adjusted AD

1

2

0.02355

0.02355

1

3

114

113

0.02355

0.02355

-3.772268

-11.3168

-H3.8676.

1 -alpha

i;;.-114.6365 •

0.950

3.0

2.0 -

1.0 -

X

I?

0.0

-1.0 -

-2.0

-3.5 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.5

Z-score

1.5 2.5 3.5

PbB LN Fit-No CensoringSU1_2005.xls
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00
2003-2005 Uncertainty Simulatfohi

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Enter data in yellow cells

2. Run Crystal Ball simulation to evaluate uncertainty in P10 and P15 values.

3. Characterize results as the probability that the true P10 value is greater than 7%

or the probability that the true P15 is greater than 2%.

INPUT

GM

GSD

n

CALCULATED

mu-hat

sigma-hat

P10-hat

P15-hat

n-1

3.49 GM derived by fitting blood lead data to a lognormal distribution

1.84 GSD derived by fitting blood lead data to a lognormal distribution

361 Number of data points in the blood lead data set

1.2499

0.6098

360

PDFu(mu)

PDFv

Chisq(n-l)

mu

var-hat

sigma

P10

P15

-0.48063

394.912

1.26533

0.33894

0.58219

£T Monte'•:€aflolSimulation Results!

j; mu «np -i •. k ': Percentile

P10

P15

4.2%

0.8%

95.0%i

5.6%

1.3%

6.9%

1.8%
Forecast: P10 Cell: C26

Summary:

Entire range is from 2.0% to 7.8%

Base case is 4.2%

After 10,000 trials, the std. error of the mean is 0.0%

Statistics:

Trials

Mean

Median

Mode

Standard Deviation

Variance

Skewness

Kurtosis

Coeff. of Variability

Minimum

Maximum

Range Width

Mean Std. Error

Value

10,000

4.3%

4.2%

0.8%

0.0%

0.31173

3.03

0.17699

2.0%

7.8%

5.7%

0.0%

Cumulative Frequency View-V--.-.; .;,;•.'

• • • - •---•• • • '

2.2% 2.5% 2.7% 3.0% 3.3% 3.6% 3.8% 1.1%

2.2% 2.5% 2.7% 3.0% 3.3% 3.6% 3.6% 1.1% 1.4%

P10 and P15 Uncertainty Simulation05.xls

P10 dist.
Forecast: P15 Cell: C27

Summary:

Entire range is from 0.3% to 2.2%

Base case is 0.8%

After 10,000 trials, the std. error of the mean is 0.0%

Statistics:

Trials

Mean

Median

Mode

Standard Deviation

Variance

Skewness

Kurtosis

Coeff. of Variability

Minimum

Maximum

Range Width

Mean Std. Error

Value

10,000

0.9%

0.8%

0.2%

0.0%

0.61519

3.49

0.28118

0.3%

2.2%

1.9%

0.0%

10.000 TMA^;;';r.;i^^^|ii^||^J.iVi.--. " Cumulative Frequency View •'. ....... 9.990 Displayed

0.3% 0.4%. 0.5%' 0.6%' 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 0.9% 1 D% 1.1% 12% 1.3% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 17X- '1.811',' 1.8%'•;-.

• - '' - •

P10 and P15 Uncertainty Simulation05.xls

P15dist.
T est Results for Performance Standard 4

Participant Representation of Soil Lead Conditions

Within Statistical Unit 1
SU1 2003-2005

Index

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Test Set ( m

11600

4891

4809

4773

4076

3419

3338

3333

2977

2805

2767

2661

2650

2598

2400

2323

2239

2154

2153

2137

1814

1797

1729

1652

1642

1627

1557

1507

1428

1414

Reference Set (S)

18233

9973

9478

8900

8620

8200

7867

7000

6884

6400

6167

5623

5622

5600

5567

5500

5500

5421

5407

5117

4928

4737

4600

4600

4420

4353

4300

4300

4278

4140

R> X?

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

s>x?

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

R (test)

S (reference)

Counts

83

480

GM

860

1086

GSD

2.8

2.9

I Cutoff (X) | 1679 [Alpha 0.05

Z-test for upper bin

N >X

N Total

Phatl

Phat2

Phat

Phat'(l-Phat)

z

P(TesKRef)

Test

23

83

0.277

0.300

0.297

0.209

-0.422

0.337

Ref

144

480

If P < 0.05, the test set is probably

under-representing the high end

of the reference data set

Power

Delta

Z(1-a)

Zb

Power

0.10

1.645

0.228

59%

If power is low, then

a negative result (p > 0.0!

may not be reliable

CONCLUSION

The soil data PASS Performance Standard 4.

PS4SoilPb SU1 03-05.xls
Performance Standard 4: SU1 2003 - 2005

1.0

0.9

0.8

S 0.6

o

0.5

0.4

E

O 0.3

0.2

0.1

o.o 4--

100

* Reference

nTest

1,000 10,000

Concentration of Lead in Soil (ppm)

100,000
APPENDEX F

Technical Memorandum from the Data Review Meeting

February 2,2006
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM

Date: March 30, 2006

To: United State Environmental Protection Agency

Kids First/Lake County Community Health Program Work Group

From: Performance Standards Work Group

RE: California Gulch Data Review for Operable Unit 9 - Residential

The Performance Standards Work Group (PSWG) was tasked by the Kids First/Lake County

Community Health Program Work Group (Work Group) to develop a step-wise approach to

further evaluate and potentially identify the lead sources, or combination of lead sources, that

may be determinant factors in children's blood lead levels within the residential portions of

the California Gulch Site. In reviewing comments received by the 2003 Independent Review

Panel (IRP), the Work Group recommended this activity to evaluate the specific comments

regarding the observation that the calculated percentage of the participants with blood lead

levels greater than 10 and 15 ug/dL (P10 and PI5), respectively, had not significantly

declined over time, particularly in Statistical Unit 1 [prior to 2003].

The PSWG determined that a screening level assessment of the correlation between paint

(identified by the IRP as the possible dominant exposure that may be inhibiting the further

decline of P10 and P15 values) and blood lead levels was an appropriate first step in the

process. Additional evaluation of all trends and paired data collected by the program was also

performed to address comments from the IRP. On February 2, 2006 the PSWG met with the

Work Group and members of the community to present the findings of this additional data

evaluation. A list of the figures, diagrams and tables presented at the meeting is presented at

the end of this memorandum.

The presentation to the Work Group included a review of community blood lead level trends

and a variety of graphical data presentations and data summaries intended to explore and

evaluate the relationship between blood lead levels and environmental data from the sources

investigated by the program. The Fisher Exact Test was used in the screening level

assessment to further evaluate the contribution of lead-base paint exposure at the site.

Figures from the 2004 Annual Report, additional bi-variate plots and box and whisker

diagrams were created to evaluate the most likely determinant factors of lead exposure.

Simplified multi-variate plots were also created using the 1994-2004 data. Finally, the PSWG

presented data comparing the observed changes in blood lead levels for children whose blood

lead level had exceeded 10 ug/dl at some time during their testing period and who had at least

two tests. This comparison evaluated the average, and range of, change in blood lead levels

of children grouped into several categories, including all children within OU9, those residing

at properties where remediation was performed after their first test but before their last test, no

action properties, and those children who had contact only with the blood lead program

(children who reside outside of the OU9 site boundaries).
California Gulch Data Review for OU9 - Residential Populated Areas

LCCHP Performance Standards Work Group

March 30, 2006

Page 2 of 5

The following bullets summarize the major findings and conclusions of the additional data

evaluation and the discussions at the meeting:

• Since the time of the IRP's review in 2003, the P10 and PI 5 values for SU1 have

declined and in fact are approaching levels established as the Performance

Standards for the program that define achievement of the Program's Remedial

Action Objectives.

• Central tendency indices of the blood lead data, including geometric mean,

arithmetic mean, and median continue to decline over time for all of OU9, SU1

and within individual areas of the Site. The observed data do indicate slight

increases in some of these values year to year, but the overall trend is in decline.

• Additional data presented regarding community blood lead levels for 2000-2004

indicate that SU1 and in particular Area D continue to have the highest frequency

of children with elevated blood lead levels within the site. For example, over this

time period, approximately 50% of the children tested reside in SU1, but EBL

children within SU1 account for 92% of the total number of EBL children within

the Site. Approximately 27% of the children tested reside in Area D, but EBL

children within Area D account for 65% of the total number of EBL children

within the Site.

• Screening level bi-variate analysis of blood lead versus paint lead (Fisher Exact

Test) did not detect a statistically significant correlation between increased

incidence of elevated blood lead levels (EBL) and any of the paint exposure

metrics evaluated. However, this does not mean that lead-based paint may not be

an important exposure source in some cases, only that it does not seem to be the

dominant factor in accounting for elevated blood lead levels in area children.

• As has been the case in the past, bi-variate plots of blood lead versus

environmental lead data show that there is no observable correlation or

relationship between individual media lead concentrations and blood lead levels.

This lack of a demonstrable correlation may in part be due to a combined effect

from many different variables (e.g., soil, paint, dust, age, as well as behavioral

differences) and the inability of bi-variate analysis to account for multiple

contributing factors simultaneously, thereby weakening the likelihood of detecting

a significant correlation for any one media. Alternative data presentation

techniques displaying the range of observed blood lead levels at varying ranges of

lead concentrations in soil and paint do, however, show that the median blood lead

level and range of blood lead levels tend to increase with higher soil and paint lead

levels. This observation supports the hypothesis that higher environmental lead

concentrations do represent a greater exposure risk.

• Because of the lack of correlation between environmental lead levels and blood

lead levels it is difficult to assess the appropriateness of the site specific trigger

levels established for the program. Alternative statistical methods such as

multivariate or structural analysis would be necessary to pursue this issue further.

• Relationships between blood lead and environmental media were further explored
California Gulch Data Review for OU9 - Residential Populated Areas

LCCHP Performance Standards Work Group

March 30, 2006

Page 3 of 5

through the evaluation of a number of subsets, or stratification, of the paired data

set. These included the evaluation of relationships over different periods of time,

the evaluation of the relationship using blood lead data above or below the median,

and evaluation of the relationship and distribution of the blood lead data at

different ranges of lead concentrations in the media tested. In addition, the effect

of lead in combinations of media was explored through a simplistic visual

presentation of the data. These evaluations also did not reveal any statistically

significant or predictable correlation. Although, as noted above, each media may

contribute alone or in combination along with other factors to an individual child's

exposure to lead.

• The data presented comparing the changes in blood lead levels of EBL children

indicate a slightly greater average decrease in blood lead levels among children

with elevated blood lead levels, when a response action is taken to address

environmental media with lead concentrations above the trigger levels, compared

to education alone. However, the data sets used in this comparison are relatively

small and additional information and analysis would likely be needed to make any

definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of certain elements of the

program.

• Overall, the data evaluation supports previous conclusions that lead in a variety of

media (soil, paint, dust) contribute to EBLs in children in OU9, with no one

dominant source identified.

Based on the data evaluation performed, the PSWG does not believe that any further

evaluation or multi-variale analysis is warranted at this time. The PSWG did recommend that

the Program continue to focus its efforts and resources on evaluating and addressing potential

lead exposures with Statistical Unit 1 and Area D, in particular, until the performance goals

are met.

At the February 2nd meeting several additional data evaluation requests were made. These

include a basic statistical summary of mouthing behavior data at a child's first test collected

through family surveys, and additional information on environmental and other demographic

data at properties where both blood lead data and environmental data are available and where

remedial actions were performed during blood lead testing of elevated blood lead children.

The following is a list of figures, diagrams and tables presented by the PSWG:

• 1994-2004 centra] tendencies for the geometric mean, the arithmetic mean and the

median

• 2002-2004 blood lead data distribution for Statistical Unit 1 and Area D, all tests

and first time tests

• 1994-2004 demographic characteristics over time

• 1999-2004 blood lead program participation

• Comparison of 1994-1999 with 2000-2004 area of residence (at first time test) for
California Gulch Data Review for OU9 - Residential Populated Areas

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March 30, 2006

Page 4 of 5

evaluated blood lead levels (EBLs) by percentage and total number of children

• 1994-2004 Blood Lead Levels by Area

• 1994-2004 OU9 Blood Lead Levels by Age Group (in years)

• 1994-2004 Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level (bi-variate

plot)

• 1994-2004 Blood Lead Levels by Average 0-6 inch Soil Lead Levels (box and

whisker diagram)

• 1994-2004 Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor condition) vs. First-test

Blood Lead Level (bi-variate plot)

• 1994-2004 Statistical Unit 1 - Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor

condition) vs. First-test Blood Lead Level (box and whisker diagram)

• 1994-2004 Statistical Unit 1 - Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor

condition) vs. First-test Blood Lead Level (bi-variate plot)

• 1994-2004 Statistical Unit 1 - Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor

condition) vs. First-test Blood Lead Level (box and whisker diagram)

• 1994-2004 Statistical Unit 1 - Paint Lead Concentration (poor condition) vs. Firsttest Blood Lead Level (box and whisker diagram)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead

Level (bi-variate plot)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead

Level above and below the Median Level (bi-variate plot)

• Operable Unit 9 - Comparison of 1994-1999 with 2000-2004 Average 0-2 Inch

Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level (bi-variate plot)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead above and below 3000

ppm vs. First-test Blood Lead Level (bi plot)-variate

• 1994-2004 Area D Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead vs. First-test Blood Lead Level (bivariate plot)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor condition)

vs. First-test Blood Lead Level above and below the Median Level (bi-variate plot)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Main Living Area Dust Lead vs. First-test Blood

Lead Level above and below the Median Level (bi-variate plot)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 Average 0-2 Inch Soil Lead vs. Average Dust Lead

(bi-variate plot)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 Maximum Paint Lead Concentration (poor condition)

vs. Average Dust Lead (bi-variate plot)

• Split Set Comparison of Blood Lead Data above and below the median vs.

Environmental Data (table)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead vs. Blood Lead Level

(box and whisker diagram)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Average Dust Lead vs. Blood Lead Level (box and

whisker diagram)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Maximum Paint in Poor Condition vs. Blood Lead

Level (box and whisker diagram)
California Gulch Data Review for OU9 - Residential Populated Areas

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March 30, 2006

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• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead vs. Blood Lead Level vs.

Paint Hazard (multi-variate plots)

• 1994-2004 Area D - Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead vs. Blood Lead Level vs. Paint

Hazard (multi-variate plots)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Average Main Living Area Dust vs. Blood Lead

Level vs. Paint Hazard (multi-variate plots)

• 1994-2004 Operable Unit 9 - Average Main Living Area Dust vs. Blood Lead

Level vs. Average 0-6 Inch Soil Lead (multi-variate plots)

• Drop in Blood Lead Levels after First Test for Elevated Blood Lead Children

(table)

• Change in Blood Lead Levels from First to Last Test for Elevated Blood Lead

Children (box and whisker diagram)