J-S33025-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: O.M.M., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: P.M.M., BIOLOGICAL 

MOTHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1595 MDA 2018

Appeal from the Order Entered August 20, 2018

In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County 

Orphans' Court at No(s): 85651

IN THE INTEREST OF: H.L.M., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: P.M.M., BIOLOGICAL 

MOTHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1596 MDA 2018

Appeal from the Order Entered August 20, 2018

In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County

Orphans' Court at No(s): 85652

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., OTT, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.: FILED: SEPTEMBER 16, 2019

P.M.M. (“Mother”) appeals from the August 20, 2018 orders in the Court 

of Common Pleas of Berks County that involuntarily terminated her parental 

rights to her daughters, O.M.M., born in October of 2014, and H.L.M., born in 

November of 2015 (collectively, “the Children”). After careful review, we 

affirm.
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We summarize the relevant facts and procedural history, as follows. 

Soon after the birth of O.M.M. in October of 2014, Berks County Children and 

Youth Services (“BCCYS”) received a report that Mother had stopped attending 

therapy for her mental health condition, and that E.C.M. (“Father”) had 

obtained a temporary Protection from Abuse (“PFA”) order against Mother. 

Trial Court Opinion, 10/24/18, at 5. Thereafter, from October of 2014,

through August of 2015, Mother and Father received parenting assistance in 

their home. Id. During that time, Mother’s mental health remained a 

concern, as did the parents’ ability to maintain stable housing. Id. In 

addition, BCCYS received reports that O.M.M. was not wearing a medically 

prescribed hand brace in the home, inter alia. Id.

On January 22, 2016, following a hearing on dependency petitions filed 

by BCCYS, the juvenile court adjudicated the Children dependent. Id. 

However, Mother and Father maintained physical custody of the Children. 

They were required to comply with the following permanency plan objectives: 

participate in parenting education, mental health and domestic violence 

evaluations and comply with any recommendations, establish and maintain 

stable and appropriate housing and income, and notify BCCYS of any changes 

in income or residence. Id. at 5-6. 

On May 24, 2016, the juvenile court placed the Children in the 

emergency custody of BCCYS due to an incident that occurred the same day,
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which two caseworkers observed during a visit. The testimonial evidence 

supports the trial court’s description of the incident, as follows.

Mother indicated that H.L.M. [then six months old] was choking[,] 

and that they had called an ambulance. Caseworkers noted that 

the child was lethargic and that her eyes were “rolling back in her 

head.” Further, the home was cluttered and filthy. It was also 

noted that Mother and Father had failed to follow medical 

instructions [to] elevat[e] [H.L.M.]’s crib.[1]

Id. at 6. The record reveals that Mother was granted supervised physical 

custody with the Children, which never became unsupervised.

Permanency review hearings occurred on October 25, 2016, January 18, 

2017, April 4, 2017, and September 19, 2017. Following each hearing, the 

juvenile court found that Mother was moderately compliant with the 

permanency plan, but that she had made no progress in meeting the 

permanency plan objectives. Id. at 6-7. 

On August 16, 2017, BCCYS filed petitions for the involuntary 

termination of Mother’s and Father’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. § 

2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). The orphans’ court held hearings on the 

petitions on March 12, 2018, April 9, 2018, May 21, 2018, and June 21, 2018. 

____________________________________________

1 Annette Allwein was a parenting instructor from Partners in Parenting who 

provided services to this family from September of 2015, prior to the 

Children’s placement in the physical custody of BCCYS, until August of 2017. 

She was present during the incident that resulted in the Children’s placement 

on May 24, 2016. Ms. Allwein testified, “There was supposed to be a pillow 

under the mattress to elevate [H.L.M.] because she had choked previously. 

So it was told to the parents to elevate her slightly in the crib. There was no 

pillow there. . . .” N.T., 4/9/18, at 11.
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During the hearings, Melissa Krishock, Esquire, served as the guardian ad

litem (“GAL”) for the Children, who were then two and three years old.2

With respect to the petition for the involuntary termination of Mother’s 

parental rights, BCCYS presented the testimony of Heather Barger, its 

adoption caseworker, and Ashlea Mellinger, its placement caseworker; 

Annette Allwein, parenting instructor at Partners in Parenting, who also 

supervised visits between Mother and the Children; James Small, Ph.D., via 

telephone, who performed a mental health evaluation of Mother; Krista 

Kantner, the Court Appointed Special Advocate (“CASA”) provider; and Nicola 

Stidham, a psychotherapist at the Commonwealth Clinical Group, who worked 

with Mother on her domestic violence and mental health issues. Mother 

testified on her own behalf. In addition, she presented the testimony of J.S.,

her former brother-in-law with whom she resided at the time of the hearing, 

and R.V.B., the Children’s maternal grandfather.

____________________________________________

2

In In re Adoption of L.B.M., 161 A.3d 172 (Pa. 2017), our Supreme Court 

held that 23 Pa.C.S. § 2313(a) requires that a child who is the subject of a 

contested involuntary termination proceeding has a statutory right to counsel 

who discerns and advocates for the child’s legal interests, which the Court 

defined as a child’s preferred outcome. In this case, due to their young ages, 

the Children were unable to express their preferred outcome regarding the 

termination of Mother’s parental rights. Therefore, the appointment of 

Attorney Krishock as GAL satisfied the Children’s right to legal counsel. See 

In re T.S., 192 A.3d 1080 (Pa. 2018) (holding, in the case of children who 

were two and three years old, that an attorney-GAL representing the best 

interests of the children satisfied their right to legal counsel pursuant to 

Section 2313(a)).
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The testimonial evidence revealed that the Children have special needs. 

Specifically, the older child, O.M.M., is diagnosed with “hemiparesis of the 

right side,” which is related to a stroke she had while in utero. N.T., 3/21/18, 

at 21. O.M.M. receives occupational, physical, and speech therapy, and she 

wears hand and foot braces. In addition, O.M.M. suffers from severe eczema. 

Id. The younger child, H.L.M., receives speech therapy. Id. Despite these 

difficulties, the Children are doing well and having their needs met in kinship 

care, where they reside together. Id. at 32. 

By order dated August 20, 2018, the orphans’ court involuntarily 

terminated Mother’s parental rights to the Children.

3

 On September 19, 2018, 

Mother timely filed a notice of appeal. On September 26, 2018, Mother filed 

concise statements of errors complained of on appeal.4 The trial court filed

its Rule 1925(a) opinion on October 24, 2018. 

____________________________________________

3 On the same date, the orphans’ court issued an order denying BCCYS’s 

petition for the involuntary termination of Father’s parental rights. BCCYS 

filed notices of appeal, which it subsequently discontinued on the basis that 

Father voluntarily relinquished his parental rights to the Children on March 29, 

2019. See In the Interest of O.M.M. and H.L.M., 1413 & 1414 MDA 2018. 

With respect to the instant appeals from the orders involuntarily terminating 

Mother’s parental rights, Father has not participated. 

4 Mother did not concurrently file the concise statements of errors complained 

of on appeal with the notices of appeal in contravention of Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(a)(2)(i) and (b). BCCYS asserts no prejudice arising from Mother’s 

procedural violation, nor are we aware of any. Therefore, we will not quash 

or dismiss her appeals. See In re K.T.E.L., 983 A.2d 745 (Pa. Super. 2009);

Cf. J.P. v. S.P., 991 A.2d 904, 908 (Pa. Super. 2010) (holding that appellant 

waived all issues by failing to file a concise statement of errors complained of 

on appeal when directed by the trial court). 
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On December 10, 2018, Mother’s counsel filed petitions for extension of 

time to show cause, wherein he alleged he was appointed by the orphans’ 

court as Mother’s appellate counsel on November 20, 2018, and he became 

aware of the rules to show cause on December 7, 2018. This Court denied 

counsel’s request and discharged the rules on December 12, 2018. 

Mother raises the following issues for our review:

A. Did the [orphans’] court err in determining that Exhibit 74, 

a summary prepared by the BCCYS caseworker, was admissible 

evidence as a matter of law to support its decision to terminate 

[Mother’s] parental rights?

B. Did the [orphans’] court err in determining that [BCCYS] 

proved by clear and convincing evidence that termination best 

served the needs and welfare of the Children as required by 23 

Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(b) due to the lack of testimony presented by 

[BCCYS] regarding the emotional bond between Mother and [the] 

Children?

C. Did the [orphans’] court err in failing to allow Mother to 

present testimony regarding her attempts to cooperate with 

services and credit her for her improvement in life coping skills to 

avoid the termination of her parental rights?

D. Did the [orphans’] court err in failing to make findings on 

the record of specific [23 Pa.C.S. §]2511(a) grounds for 

termination, specific findings regarding [23 Pa.C.S. §]2511(b), 

and its reasons for “semi-orphaning” the . . . Children by 

terminating [Mother]’s rights, but not the rights of . . . Father?

Mother’s brief at 1.

Our standard of review is as follows.

The standard of review in termination of parental rights cases 

requires appellate courts to accept the findings of fact and 

credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported 

by the record. If the factual findings are supported, appellate 

courts review to determine if the trial court made an error of law 
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or abused its discretion. A decision may be reversed for an abuse 

of discretion only upon demonstration of manifest 

unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will. The trial 

court’s decision, however, should not be reversed merely because 

the record would support a different result. We have previously 

emphasized our deference to trial courts that often have first-hand 

observations of the parties spanning multiple hearings.

In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013) (citations and quotation marks 

omitted). 

Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the 

Adoption Act, which requires a bifurcated analysis. 

Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party 

seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence 

that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for 

termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if the court 

determines that the parent’s conduct warrants termination of his 

or her parental rights does the court engage in the second part of 

the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the 

needs and welfare of the child under the standard of best interests 

of the child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare analysis 

concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond between 

parent and child, with close attention paid to the effect on the child 

of permanently severing any such bond.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

Instantly, we conclude that the certified record supports the orders 

pursuant to Section 2511(a)(2) and (b), which provide as follows.

(a) General Rule.—The rights of a parent in regard to a child 

may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following 

grounds:

. . .

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect 

or refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without 

essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary 
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for his physical or mental well-being and the conditions and 

causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot 

or will not be remedied by the parent.

. . .

(b) Other considerations.―The court in terminating the rights 

of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental, 

physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights 

of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of 

environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings, 

income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the 

control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant 

to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any 

efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein 

which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the 

filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(2), (b); see also In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. 

Super. 2004) (en banc) (stating that we need only agree with the trial court 

as to any one subsection of Section 2511(a), as well as Section 2511(b), in 

order to affirm).5 

This Court has explained that the moving party must produce clear and 

convincing evidence with respect to the following elements to terminate 

parental rights pursuant to Section 2511(a)(2): (1) repeated and continued 

incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal; (2) such incapacity, abuse, neglect or 

refusal caused the child to be without essential parental care, control or 

subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-being; and (3) the 

causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be 

____________________________________________

5 Based on this disposition, we need not consider 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1), (5) 

and (8). 
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remedied. In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1272 (Pa. Super. 

2003). 

Pursuant to Section 2511(a)(2), parents are required to make diligent 

efforts towards the reasonably prompt assumption of full parental 

responsibilities. In re A.L.D. 797 A.2d 326, 340 (Pa. Super. 2002). A 

parent’s vow to cooperate, after a long period of uncooperativeness regarding 

the necessity or availability of services, may properly be rejected as untimely 

or disingenuous. Id. Further, the grounds for termination of parental rights 

under Section 2511(a)(2), due to parental incapacity that cannot be remedied, 

are not limited to affirmative misconduct; to the contrary, those grounds may 

include acts of refusal as well as incapacity to perform parental duties. Id. at 

337. 

With respect to Section 2511(b), we have explained, “[i]ntangibles such 

as love, comfort, security, and stability are involved in the inquiry into the 

needs and welfare of the child.” In re C.M.S., 884 A.2d 1284, 1287 (Pa. 

Super. 2005) (citation omitted). Further, the trial court “must also discern 

the nature and status of the parent-child bond, with utmost attention to the 

effect on the child of permanently severing that bond.” Id. (citation omitted). 

However, “[i]n cases where there is no evidence of any bond between the 

parent and child, it is reasonable to infer that no bond exists. The extent of 

any bond analysis, therefore, necessarily depends on the circumstances of the 
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particular case.” In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 762-763 (Pa. Super. 2008) 

(citation omitted). 

In her first issue, Mother asserts that the court abused its discretion in 

admitting Exhibit 74, which was a summary of the Children’s dependency 

matter prepared by Heather Barger, the BCCYS caseworker. It is wellestablished that decisions regarding the admissibility of evidence “are within 

the sound discretion of the trial court and will not be overturned absent an 

abuse of discretion or misapplication of law. In addition, for a ruling on 

evidence to constitute reversible error, it must have been harmful or 

prejudicial to the complaining party.’” Phillips v. Lock, 86 A.3d 906, 920 

(Pa. Super. 2014) (quoting Stumpf v. Nye, 950 A.2d 1032, 1035-1036 (Pa. 

Super. 2008)).

Mother fails to provide any argument in her brief relating to her first 

issue. Therefore, the issue is waived. See Chapman-Rolle v. Rolle, 893 

A.2d 770, 774 (Pa. Super. 2006) (stating, “‘It is well settled that a failure to 

argue and to cite any authority supporting any argument constitutes a waiver 

of issues on appeal.’”) (quoting Jones v. Jones, 878 A.2d 86, 90 (Pa. Super. 

2005)).

We next review Mother’s third issue, wherein she asserts that the 

orphans’ court abused its discretion by denying her request on the record in 

open court on the final day of the subject proceeding to present the testimony 

of Michelle Owens, Mother’s peer counselor at Berks Counseling Center
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(“BCC”), and Brittney Rio, Mother’s therapist at BCC. Mother’s counsel 

proffered, in total, “I wish to present them to make a record regarding my 

client who has been presented in a less than positive light by other 

professionals.” N.T., 6/21/18, at 12. 

Thereafter, the following relevant colloquy occurred:

[GAL]: Your Honor, while not speaking for [counsel for BCCYS,] 

but I did say to him just right now as the [GAL] I would be willing 

to stipulate Ms. Rio[] is going to testify [that Mother] completed 

the program at BCC, that’s what was already submitted as an 

exhibit by [BCCYS]. So I’m not really sure why we need to have 

additional testimony.

 The peer counselor we would agree . . . is going to say she 

worked with [Mother,] and she saw [Mother] make changes per 

the . . . program that Ms. Rio had her in.

[Counsel for BCCYS]: . . . There’s no necessity to create a record 

for witnesses that are going to confirm what the parties are 

agreeing to.

N.T., 6/21/18, at 12-13. The orphans’ court agreed, and stated to Mother’s 

counsel, “And your proffer doesn’t tell me anything additional. . . .” Id. at 13. 

We discern no abuse of discretion by the court.

In addition, Mother has not demonstrated that the court’s decision to 

exclude this testimony was prejudicial. Mother testified during the subject 

proceeding, “I’d like to give my custody to [Father], but keep my parental 

rights.” N.T., 5/21/18, at 139. In fact, during the Children’s dependency, 

Mother did not want to resume custody of either Child. Heather Barger, the 

BCCYS adoption caseworker, testified that Mother “made several statements 

[to] me over the months that she was not looking to be the return parent for 
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the [C]hildren[,] but that she very much wanted [Father] or at one point her 

Aunt [L.] to be the return resources for the girls. . . .” N.T., 3/12/18, at 39-

40. 

Nevertheless, Mother argues in her brief that the proposed testimony of 

the BCC employees was relevant to her desire to remain a part of the 

Children’s lives, albeit, not to regain custody. See Mother’s brief at 17. We 

remind Mother that the only issue before the orphans’ court was whether or 

not BCCYS demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence that her conduct 

warranted the involuntary termination of her parental rights under Section 

2511(a) and whether it would serve the Children’s needs and welfare to 

terminate her parental rights under Section 2511(b). Therefore, we discern 

no prejudice against Mother by the court’s prohibition of the BCC employees’ 

testimony. Mother’s third issue fails.

In her remaining two issues, Mother asserts that the court indeed 

abused its discretion in involuntarily terminating her parental rights pursuant 

to Section 2511(a) and (b). We disagree. 

With respect to Section 2511(a)(2), the orphans’ court found that 

Mother has failed to satisfy her permanency plan objectives, including 

addressing her mental health, and maintaining appropriate housing and 

employment. The testimonial evidence supports these findings as well. 

Mother testified that, when she was eight years old, she was diagnosed 

with mental health illnesses, including, but not limited to, bipolar disorder and 
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schizophrenia. N.T., 5/21/18, at 123. James Small, Ph.D., performed a 

mental health evaluation of Mother in March of 2016. N.T., 4/9/18, at 73. Dr. 

Small diagnosed her with unspecified bipolar disorder, unspecified anxiety 

disorder, unspecified neurocognitive disorder, which he stated, “may be a 

learning disorder or maybe . . . brain damage from an injury.” Id. at 74-75. 

In addition, Dr. Small diagnosed Mother with attention deficit hyperactivity 

disorder and personality disorder with borderline features. Id. at 75. Dr. 

Small concluded that, “[O]verall [Mother] showed little responsibility, little 

judgment, and little commitment to the [C]hildren. For these reasons[,] I 

would really question whether she could provide adequate [care] for any 

children but particularly special needs children.” Id. at 78.

Nicola Stidham, a psychotherapist from Commonwealth Clinical Group,

treated Mother from June 30, 2016, through August 1, 2017, for domestic 

violence and mental health. N.T., 4/9/18, at 110-111, 115. She testified that 

Mother consistently attended psychotherapy sessions until the spring of 2017, 

but her progress in her treatment goals “was generally very limited.” Id. at 

114. Ms. Stidham described Mother’s domestic violence behavior as follows:

There were concerns in regard to her ability to manage her 

aggression and her emotion regulation. There was a domestic 

violence incident happening with her roommate she had been 

living with in April of 2017. It was an incident that escalated from 

a verbal altercation to one in which she threatened bodily harm 

on the roommate. I don’t know if it actually went to the extent 

that physical harm occurred[,] but certainly I think that speaks to 

her at that particular moment [regarding] her inability to manage 

her anger and her impulses.
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Id. at 114. Ms. Stidham testified that she worked with Mother on her 

“unstable mental health . . . in regard to her aggression and her lack of ability 

to maintain her impulses, which was a little bit separate than having . . . anger 

management problems.” Id. at 115. She continued, “So that is to say that 

[Mother] from my perspective had very deep seeded very, very chronic and 

per[v]asive issues with the bonding attachment, intimate partner relationship, 

that was a lot deeper than just covering anger management in session.” Id. 

With respect to her intimate partner relationships, Ms. Stidham testified 

that, through the course of her treatment, Mother had “a series of intimate 

partner contacts. . . .” Id. at 116. She explained:

Some of these individuals she had ended up rooming with because 

her housing wasn’t stable. Some of these individuals were 

sexually abusive toward her. And at best displayed grossly 

inappropriate sexual boundaries with her. Th[is] w[as] also 

something that was addressed in session in regard to her ability

to remain independent and not [en]meshed with unstable, 

unhealthy, toxic male partners.

Id. Ms. Stidham testified that Mother “failed to see how her choices in 

paramours would relate to her ability to maintain her mental health . . . as 

well as her global level of functioning.” Id. 

Ms. Stidham unsuccessfully discharged Mother in August of 2017, “after 

several weeks, if not months, of . . . inconsistent treatment attendance.” Id.

at 117. In fact, Ms. Stidham testified that, on August 1, 2017, Mother 

“verbally told me she did not want to continue with services. . . .” Id. Ms. 

Stidham concluded in her written discharge summary that Mother did not 
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demonstrate the ability to be a long-term resource for the Children. Id. She 

explained:

[W]henever I look at an individual who is on track to being a longterm resource for children[,] I look at their abilities to be in a 

protective caretaking role. Some of those areas would be stable 

housing, stable mental health, a consistent admission to taking 

responsibility for any allegations that necessitated CYS 

involvement and placement of children, and the ability to 

demonstrate long-term, and a self-sufficiency and ability to not be 

[en]meshed with toxic abusive partners or individuals that are not 

very healthy for that particular person. A person who is readying 

for stable long-term employment and/or schooling, a person that 

is nurturing toward their children and having positive visits and 

interactions and bonding with their children. As well as a 

demonstrated ability over time in therapy to be able to show 

motivation for improvement in these areas. . . . And it was my 

understanding and my observation that [Mother] did not meet any 

of that criteria or make any improvement [in] any of those 

aforementioned areas.

Id. at 117-118.

With respect to housing, Ms. Barger, the current BCCYS caseworker for 

the family, testified that Mother has not maintained stable housing. N.T., 

3/12/18, at 25. She testified that Mother has lived in nine locations while the 

Children have been dependent. Id. Ms. Barger testified that, at the time of 

the subject proceeding, Mother was residing with J.S., her former brother-inlaw, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Id. She explained that the home 
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of J.S. was not appropriate for the Children because the Montgomery County

child welfare agency was involved with him regarding his own children.6 Id. 

With respect to employment, Mother testified that, in August of 2017, 

she obtained a Commercial Driver’s License. N.T., 5/21/18, at 133. She 

testified that she was employed with a truck company for four months. Id. 

Ms. Barger testified that Mother “was let go . . . for not returning to work.” 

N.T., 3/12/18, at 39. There is no record evidence that Mother was employed 

at the time of the subject proceeding.

Finally, regarding Mother’s visits with the Children, Ms. Allwein, the 

parenting instructor, supervised them. She testified that Mother “missed quite 

a few” of the visits because she moved to Pottstown and went on the road as 

a truck driver. N.T., 4/9/18, at 15. She testified that, during the visits, most 

of Mother’s attention went to O.M.M., and that Mother was less patient with 

H.L.M. Id. at 15-16. Further, Ms. Allwein testified as follows on direct 

examination:

Q. [H]as [Mother] ever made any strange or bizarre comments 

during visits with the girls?

A. Yeah. . . 

Q. Can you give an example, please?

A. [T]he one was never face your enemy, always keep your back 

to them. I don’t know . . . what that was about or anything. 

____________________________________________

6 J.S. testified that he has four sons, ages eight, five, three, and eighteen 

months. N.T., 5/21/18, at 115-116. He testified that his sons reside with him 

in Pottstown, Montgomery County, along with Mother. Id. at 115.
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Id. at 31.

Further, Ms. Allwein testified that she worked with Mother on parenting 

goals both before and after the Children were placed in the custody of BCCYS. 

Those goals included budgeting, housekeeping, meeting the medical needs of 

the Children, employment, and stable housing. Id. at 9. She testified that 

Mother was consistent in meeting with her until September of 2016. Id. at 

13. Ms. Allwein testified that Mother made no progress in meeting any of her 

parenting goals. Id. at 10, 12-13. 

Based on the above testimonial evidence, we discern no abuse of 

discretion by the orphans’ court in terminating Mother’s parental rights 

pursuant to Section 2511(a)(2). The evidence demonstrates that Mother’s 

repeated and continued incapacity or refusal to make progress in her 

permanency plan objectives caused the Children to be without essential 

parental care, control or subsistence necessary for their physical or mental 

well-being. Further, the evidence demonstrates that the causes of Mother’s 

incapacity or refusal cannot or will not be remedied.

With respect to Section 2511(b), Mother asserts that the evidence was 

insufficient to terminate under that section of the statute. The following case 

law is relevant.

While a parent’s emotional bond with his or her child is a major 

aspect of the subsection 2511(b) best-interest analysis, it is 

nonetheless only one of many factors to be considered by the 

court when determining what is in the best interest of the child. 

In re K.K.R.S., 958 A.2d 529, 533-536 (Pa. Super. 2008). The 
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mere existence of an emotional bond does not preclude the 

termination of parental rights. See In re T.D., 949 A.2d 910 (Pa. 

Super. 2008) (trial court’s decision to terminate parents’ parental 

rights was affirmed where court balanced strong emotional bond 

against parents’ inability to serve needs of child). Rather, the 

orphans’ court must examine the status of the bond to determine 

whether its termination “would destroy an existing, necessary and 

beneficial relationship.” In re Adoption of T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387, 

397 (Pa. Super. 2003). As we explained in In re A.S., 11 A.3d 

473, 483 (Pa. Super. 2010),

[I]n addition to a bond examination, the trial court can 

equally emphasize the safety needs of the child, and should 

also consider the intangibles, such as the love, comfort, 

security, and stability the child might have with the foster 

parent. Additionally, this Court stated that the trial court 

should consider the importance of continuity of 

relationships and whether any existing parent-child bond 

can be severed without detrimental effects on the child.

In re N.A.M., 33 A.3d 95, 103 (Pa. Super. 2011). 

Our Supreme Court has stated, “[c]ommon sense dictates that courts 

considering termination must also consider whether the children are in a preadoptive home and whether they have a bond with their foster parents.” In 

re T.S.M., supra at 268. The Court directed that, in weighing the bond 

considerations pursuant to Section 2511(b), “courts must keep the ticking 

clock of childhood ever in mind.” Id. at 269. The T.S.M. Court observed, 

“[c]hildren are young for a scant number of years, and we have an obligation 

to see to their healthy development quickly. When courts fail . . . the result, 

all too often, is catastrophically maladjusted children.” Id.

Instantly, the orphans’ court found:

Here, the caseworker, CASA appointee, and domestic violence 

counselor all testified that terminating Mother’s parental rights are 
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in the best interests of the [C]hildren. BCCYS caseworker testified 

that there is no obvious bond between Mother and her children. 

She testified that there is a bond between [the kinship] mother 

and the children. (N.T., 3/12/2018, [at] 33). The placement 

caseworker testified that Mother has been involved in violent 

relationships since the pendency of the case. (N.T., 4/9/2018, 

[at] 133). The CASA appointee testified that Mother is 

disinterested and lacks affection when visiting with her children. 

(N.T., 4/9/2018, [at] 91-92). Mother’s domestic violence 

counselor testified that Mother failed to meet any criteria or make 

any improvements in the required areas to be successfully 

discharged from treatment, including maintaining stable mental 

health, housing, and showing the ability to not be involved with 

toxic interpersonal relationships. (N.T., 4/9/2018, [at] 117-118). 

When looking at all the testimony, it is clear that Mother would be 

unable to provide the security, safety, and stability the [C]hildren 

need. Further, there is no obvious bond between Mother and her 

children.

Trial Court Opinion, 10/24/18, at 11-12. 

The court’s findings are supported by the testimony of the BCCYS 

caseworkers, Heather Barger and Ashlea Mellinger, in addition to the 

psychotherapist, Nicola Stidham, the parenting instructor, Annette Allwein, 

and the CASA provider, Krista Kantner. Indeed, there is no testimonial 

evidence that a parent-child bond exists between Mother and the Children. 

Rather, the testimony demonstrates that a parent-child bond exists between 

the kinship foster mother and the Children. Therefore, we discern no abuse 

of discretion by the orphans’ court in concluding that terminating Mother’s 

parental rights serves the developmental, physical, and emotional needs and 

welfare of the Children pursuant to Section 2511(b). Accordingly, we affirm 

the orders involuntarily terminating Mother’s parental rights.

Orders affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 9/16/2019