ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R03-OAR-2010-0484; FRL- ]

Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Maryland; Adoption of 

Control Techniques Guidelines for Flexible Packaging Printing

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Direct final rule.

SUMMARY: EPA is taking direct final action to approve a State Implementation Plan (SIP) 

revision submitted by the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). This SIP revision 

includes amendments to Maryland’s regulation for Volatile Organic Compounds from Specific 

Processes, and meets the requirement to adopt Reasonably Available Control Technology

(RACT) for sources covered by EPA’s Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG) standards for 

flexible packaging printing. These amendments will reduce emissions of volatile organic 

compound (VOC) emissions from flexible packaging printing. Therefore, this revision will help 

Maryland attain and maintain the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) for ozone. 

This action is being taken under the Clean Air Act (CAA). 

 

DATES: This rule is effective on [Insert date 60 days after publication in the Federal Register] 

without further notice, unless EPA receives adverse written comment by [Insert date 30 days 

after publication in the Federal Register]. If EPA receives such comments, it will publish a 

timely withdrawal of the direct final rule in the Federal Register and inform the public that the 

rule will not take effect.
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ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID Number EPA-R03-OAR2010-0484, by one of the following methods:

A. www.regulations.gov. Follow the on-line instructions for submitting comments.

 B. E-mail: pino.maria@epa.gov

 C. Mail: EPA- R03-OAR-2010-0484, Maria A. Pino, Acting Associate Director, Office of 

Air Program Planning, Mailcode 3AP30, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III,

1650 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103.

 D. Hand Delivery: At the previously-listed EPA Region III address. Such deliveries are only

accepted during the Docket=s normal hours of operation, and special arrangements should be 

made for deliveries of boxed information.

Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R03-OAR-2010-0484. EPA's 

policy is that all comments received will be included in the public docket without change, and 

may be made available online at www.regulations.gov, including any personal information 

provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be Confidential Business 

Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit 

information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through www.regulations.gov or 

e-mail. The www.regulations.gov website is an Aanonymous access@ system, which means EPA 

will not know your identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body of your 

comment. If you send an e-mail comment directly to EPA without going through 

www.regulations.gov, your e-mail address will be automatically captured and included as part of 
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the comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you submit 

an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name and other contact 

information in the body of your comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA 

cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, 

EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid the use of special 

characters, any form of encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses. 

Docket: All documents in the electronic docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index. 

Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, i.e., CBI or other 

information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted 

material, is not placed on the Internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. 

Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically in www.regulations.gov or 

in hard copy during normal business hours at the Air Protection Division, U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Region III, 1650 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103. Copies of 

the State submittal are available at the Maryland Department of the Environment, 1800 

Washington Boulevard, Suite 705, Baltimore, Maryland 21230.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Irene Shandruk, (215) 814-2166, or by email at shandruk.irene@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On April 23, 2010, MDE submitted to EPA a SIP 

revision concerning the adoption of the EPA CTG for flexible packaging printing. 
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I. Background 

Section 172(c)(1) of the CAA provides that SIPs for nonattainment areas must include 

reasonably available control measures (RACM), including RACT for sources of emissions. 

Section 182(b)(2)(A) provides that for certain nonattainment areas, States must revise their SIPs 

to include RACT for sources of VOC emissions covered by a CTG document issued after 

November 15, 1990 and prior to the area’s date of attainment.

The CTG for flexible package printing is intended to provide state and local air pollution control 

authorities information that should assist them in determining RACT for VOC from flexible 

package printing facilities. In developing this CTG, EPA, among other things, evaluated the 

sources of VOC emissions from this industry and the available control approaches for addressing 

these emissions, including the costs of such approaches. Based on available information and 

data, EPA provides recommendations for RACT for VOC from flexible package printing 

facilities.

In December 1978, EPA published a CTG for graphic arts (rotogravure printing and flexographic 

printing) that included flexible package printing. The 1978 CTG discusses the flexible package 

printing industry, the nature of VOC emissions from that industry, available control technologies 

for addressing such emissions, the costs of available control options, and other items. EPA also 

published a national emission standard for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for the printing 

and publishing industry (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart KK) in May 1996, which is applicable to 
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flexible package printing.

Under section 183(e) of the CAA, EPA conducted a study of VOC emissions from the use of 

consumer and commercial products to assess their potential to contribute to levels of ozone that 

violate the NAAQS for ozone, and to establish criteria for regulating VOC emissions from these 

products. Section 183(e) of the CAA directs EPA to list for regulation those categories of 

products that account for at least 80 percent of the VOC emissions, on a reactivity-adjusted basis, 

from consumer and commercial products in areas that violate the NAAQS for ozone (i.e., ozone 

nonattainment areas), and to divide the list of categories to be regulated into four groups. 

EPA published the original list of product categories and the original schedule that established 

the four groups of categories in the Federal Register on March 23, 1995 (60 FR 15264). Flexible 

package printing materials was included in that list. EPA noted in that notice that EPA may

amend the list of products for regulation, and the groups of products for regulation, and the 

groups of product categories, in order to achieve an effective regulatory program in accordance 

with the Agency’s discretion under CAA section 183(e). EPA published a revised schedule and 

grouping on March 18, 1999 (64 FR 13422). EPA again revised the list to regroup the product 

categories on November 17, 2005 (70 FR 69759). On May 16, 2006 (71 FR 28320), EPA 

modified the section 183(e) list and schedule for regulation by adding one category and removing 

one category of consumer and commercial products. Flexible package printing materials 

remained on the list and are still included on the current section 183(e) list under Group II.
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In September 2006, after conducting a review of currently existing state and local VOC emission 

reduction approaches for flexible package printing, reviewing the 1978 CTG and the 1996 

NESHAP for the printing and publishing industry (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart KK), which is 

applicable to flexible package printing, and taking into account the information that has become 

available since then, EPA developed a new CTG for flexible package printing entitled “Control 

Techniques Guidelines for Flexible Package Printing” (Publication No. EPA 453/R-06-003). 

Flexible packaging refers to any package or part of a package the shape of which can be readily

changed. There are two types of printing processes used by flexible package printing facilities: 

(1) rotogravure printing; and (2) flexographic printing. There are two main sources of VOC 

emissions from flexible package printing for both rotogravure and flexographic: (1) evaporation 

of VOC from inks, coatings, and adhesives, and (2) evaporation of VOC from cleaning materials. 

There are two approaches to reducing VOC emissions from inks, coatings, and adhesives used in 

the flexible package printing industry: (1) adding/improving add-on controls, and (2) material 

reformulation or substitution. 

II. Summary of SIP Revision

On April 23, 2010, MDE submitted to EPA a SIP revision (#10-04) concerning the adoption of 

the EPA CTG for flexible packaging printing. EPA develops CTGs as guidance on control 

requirements for source categories. States can follow the CTGs or adopt more restrictive 

standards. MDE has adopted EPA’s CTG standards for flexible packaging printing and work 

practices (see EPA 453/R-06-003, September 2006). This SIP revision includes amendments to 
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COMAR 26.11.19.10 and a new regulation .10-1 under COMAR 26.11.19, Volatile Organic 

Compounds from Specific Processes. This action affects sources that use flexographic and 

rotogravure presses to print flexible packaging materials. 

New regulation COMAR 26.11.19.10-1 contains the following requirements and standards for 

flexible packaging printing lines: Emissions are either reduced by using water-based inks that 

contain less than 25 percent VOC by volume of the volatile portion of the ink, or high solids inks 

that contain not less than 60 percent nonvolatiles. If compliance cannot be achieved through use 

of the water-based inks or high solids inks described above, the source shall reduce the VOC 

content of each ink, or reduce the average VOC content of inks used at each press as follows:

(a) 60 percent reduction for flexographic presses;

(b) 65 percent reduction for packaging rotogravure presses; and

(c) 75 percent reduction for publication rotogravure presses.

Additional emission standards and requirements for a flexible packaging printing line with 

potential to emit VOCs of 25 tons or more per year are limiting the VOC content of each flexible 

packaging coating or limiting the average VOC content of flexible packaging coatings of the line 

to not more than:

(a) 0.8 lb VOC/lb or kg VOC/kg solids applied; or

(b) 0.16 lb VOC/lb or kg VOC/kg materials applied; or

(c) Venting the dryer exhaust of the line through a control device that is constructed, 

operated, and maintained to achieve an overall control efficiency of:
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 65 percent overall control for a press that was first installed prior to March 

14, 1995 and that is controlled by an add-on air pollution control device 

(APCD) whose first installation date was prior to the effective date.

 70 percent overall control for a press that was first installed prior to March 

14, 1995 and that is controlled by an add-on APCD whose first installation 

date was on or after the effective date of the rule.

 75 percent overall control for a press that was first installed on or after 

March 14, 1995 and that is controlled by an add-on APCD whose first 

installation date was prior to the effective date of the rule.

 80 percent overall control for a press that was first installed on or after 

March 14, 1995 and that is controlled by an add-on APCD whose first 

installation date was on or after the effective date of the rule.

III. Final Action

Maryland’s April 23, 2010 SIP revision meets the CAA requirement to include RACT for 

sources covered by the EPA CTG for flexible package printing. Therefore, EPA is approving the 

Maryland SIP revision for adoption of the CTG standards for flexible packaging printing. EPA is

publishing this rule without prior proposal because the Agency views this as a noncontroversial 

amendment and anticipates no adverse comment. However, in the AProposed Rules@ section of 

today=s Federal Register, EPA is publishing a separate document that will serve as the proposal to 

approve the SIP revision if adverse comments are filed. This rule will be effective on [Insert date 

60 days from date of publication in the Federal Register] without further notice unless EPA 
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receives adverse comment by [Insert date 30 days from date of publication in the Federal 

Register]. If EPA receives adverse comment, EPA will publish a timely withdrawal in the 

Federal Register informing the public that the rule will not take effect. EPA will address all 

public comments in a subsequent final rule based on the proposed rule. EPA will not institute a 

second comment period on this action. Any parties interested in commenting must do so at this 

time. 

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews 

A. General Requirements

Under the Clean Air Act, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP submission that 

complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 

40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA’s role is to approve state choices, 

provided that they meet the criteria of the Clean Air Act. Accordingly, this action merely

approves state law as meeting Federal requirements and does not impose additional requirements 

beyond those imposed by state law. For that reason, this action:

 is not a "significant regulatory action” subject to review by the Office of Management and 

Budget under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993); 

 does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork 

Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);

 is certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 

entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.); 
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 does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small 

governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Public Law 

104-4);

 does not have Federalism implications as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 

43255, August 10, 1999);

 is not an economically significant regulatory action based on health or safety risks subject 

to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997); 

 is not a significant regulatory action subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, 

May 22, 2001); 

 is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because application of those 

requirements would be inconsistent with the Clean Air Act; and 

 does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to address, as appropriate, 

disproportionate human health or environmental effects, using practicable and legally

permissible methods, under Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).

In addition, this rule does not have tribal implications as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 

FR 67249, November 9, 2000), because the SIP is not approved to apply in Indian country

located in the state, and EPA notes that it will not impose substantial direct costs on tribal 

governments or preempt tribal law.

B. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
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The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small Business Regulatory

Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the 

agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, to 

each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. EPA will 

submit a report containing this action and other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. 

House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication 

of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot take effect until 60 days after it is 

published in the Federal Register. This action is not a “major rule” as defined by 5 U.S.C. 

804(2). 

C. Petitions for Judicial Review

Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act, petitions for judicial review of this action must be 

filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by [Insert date 60 days from

date of publication of this document in the Federal Register]. Filing a petition for 

reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect the finality of this action for 

the purposes of judicial review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial 

review may be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or action. Parties with 

objections to this direct final rule are encouraged to file a comment in response to the parallel 

notice of proposed rulemaking for this action published in the proposed rules section of today's 

Federal Register, rather than file an immediate petition for judicial review of this direct final rule, 

so that EPA can withdraw this direct final rule and address the comment in the proposed 

rulemaking. This action pertaining to Maryland’s adoption of the CTG standards for flexible 
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packaging printing may not be challenged later in proceedings to enforce its requirements. (See 

section 307(b)(2).)

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Ozone, Reporting 

and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile organic compounds. 

__September 07, 2010__ ________/s/__________________

Dated: W. C. Early, Acting

 Regional Administrator,

 Region III.
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40 CFR part 52 is amended as follows: 

PART 52 - [AMENDED] 

1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows: 

 Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart VB Maryland

2. In ' 52.1070, the table in paragraph (c) is amended by revising the entry for COMAR 

26.11.19.10 and adding an entry for COMAR 26.11.19.10-1 to read as follows:

' 52.1070 Identification of plan.

* * * * *

(c)* * *

 EPA-APPROVED REGULATIONS IN THE MARYLAND SIP

Code of Maryland 

administrative 

regulations 

(COMAR) 

citation

Title/subject State 

effective 

date

EPA 

approval 

date

Additional 

explanation/

citation at 40 

CFR 52.1100 

* * * * * * *

26.11.19 Volatile Organic Compounds from Specific Processes 

 

* * * * * * *

26.11.19.10 Flexographic and 

Rotogravure Printing

4/19/10 [Insert Federal 

Register

publication 

date]

[Insert page 

number where 

the document 

begins]

Revision to 

section 

.10(B)(2)
14

Code of Maryland 

administrative 

regulations 

(COMAR) 

citation

Title/subject State 

effective 

date

EPA 

approval 

date

Additional 

explanation/

citation at 40 

CFR 52.1100 

26.11.19.10-1 Flexible Packaging 

Printing

4/19/10 [Insert Federal 

Register

publication 

date]

[Insert page 

number where 

the document 

begins]

New Regulation

* * * * * * *

* * * * *