May 2013

NASA/TM–2013-217795

PRSEUS Pressure Cube Test Data and 

Response

Andrew E. Lovejoy

Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
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May 2013

NASA/TM–2013-217795

PRSEUS Pressure Cube Test Data and 

Response

Andrew E. Lovejoy

Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
Available from: 

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 

7115 Standard Drive 

Hanover, MD 21076-1320 

443-757-5802 
i

Table of Contents

Table	of	Contents ...................................................................................................................................i

List	of	Tables.......................................................................................................................................... ii

List	of	Figures .......................................................................................................................................iii

Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 1

PRSEUS	concept.................................................................................................................................... 1

Building	Block	Approach................................................................................................................... 2

Pressure	Cube	Design......................................................................................................................... 2

Pressure	Cube	Testing........................................................................................................................ 3

Test	Set-up..........................................................................................................................................................3

Test	Procedure..................................................................................................................................................4

Test	Data .............................................................................................................................................................4

Discussion	and	Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 5

References.............................................................................................................................................. 6

Tables....................................................................................................................................................... 8

Figures ...................................................................................................................................................16

Appendix	A:	Checkout	Test	1	DCDT	and	Strain	Gage	Plots ..................................................A1

Appendix	B:	Checkout	Test	2	DCDT	and	Strain	Gage	Plots ..................................................B1

Appendix	C:	1P	Test	DCDT	and	Strain	Gage	Plots ...................................................................C1

Appendix	D:	2.2P	Test	DCDT	and	Strain	Gage	Plots .............................................................. D1

Appendix	E:	Test	to	Failure	DCDT	and	Strain	Gage	Plots .....................................................E1
ii

List of Tables

Table	1:	Descriptions	of	cube	DCDT	locations...................................................................................................................................8

Table	2:	Descriptions	of	cube	strain	gage	locations. .......................................................................................................................8
iii

List of Figures

FIGURE	1. TYPICAL	HWB AIRCRAFT	CONCEPT............................................................................................................................................ 16

FIGURE	2. HWB CONCEPTUAL	VEHICLE	AND	LOADING	PATTERNS........................................................................................................... 16

FIGURE	3. TYPICAL	PRESSURIZED	PORTION	OF	A	HWB AIRCRAFT	CONCEPT. ........................................................................................ 17

FIGURE	4. PRSEUS STIFFENER	INTERSECTION	EXPANDED	VIEW. ........................................................................................................... 17

FIGURE	5. HWB STRUCTURAL	DEVELOPMENT	BUILDING	BLOCK	APPROACH. ........................................................................................ 18

FIGURE	6. PRSEUS PRESSURE	CUBE	IS	A	REPRESENTATIVE	SECTION	OF	THE	HWB LARGE-SCALE	TEST	ARTICLE.......................... 18

FIGURE	7. PRSEUS PANEL	STRINGER	AND	FRAME	CROSS-SECTIONS. DIMENSIONS	ARE	IN	INCHES. .................................................. 19

FIGURE	8. PRESSURE	CUBE	TEST	SET-UP	IN	THE	COLTS FACILITY	AT	NASA LARC. ........................................................................... 20

FIGURE	9. DCDT LOCATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21

FIGURE	10. CROWN	STRAIN	GAGE	LOCATIONS............................................................................................................................................. 22

FIGURE	11. SPECKLED	RIB	STRAIN	GAGE	LOCATIONS. ................................................................................................................................ 23

FIGURE	12. SPECKLED	BULKHEAD	STRAIN	GAGE	LOCATIONS.................................................................................................................... 24

FIGURE	13. GRAY	RIB	STRAIN	GAGE	LOCATIONS.......................................................................................................................................... 25

FIGURE	14. GRAY	BULKHESD	STRAIN	GAGE	LOCATIONS............................................................................................................................. 26

FIGURE	15. FLOOR	STRAIN	GAGE	LOCATIONS. ............................................................................................................................................. 27

FIGURE	16. AE SENSOR	PLACEMENT	AND NUMBERING.............................................................................................................................. 28

FIGURE	17. SET-UP	TO	IMPART	BVID IMPACT............................................................................................................................................ 29

FIGURE	18. RELATIVE	LOCATION	OF	THE	BVID WITH	RESPECT	TO	THE	INTEGRAL	CAP. ..................................................................... 30

FIGURE	19. LOCATION	OF	THE	BVID WITH	RESPECT	TO	THE	CUBE......................................................................................................... 31

FIGURE	20. BVID LOCATION. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 32

FIGURE	21.RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGE	SG95AW (OML, ADJACENT	TO	STRINGER ROD, PARALLEL	TO	FRAME) FOR	LOADING	UP	

TO	1P. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32

FIGURE	22. NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	RESPONSE	OF	DCDT6 FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	2.2P. .................................................................... 33

FIGURE	23. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG9AS (OML) AND	SG9BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	2.2P....................................... 33

FIGURE	24. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG10AS (OML) AND	SG10BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	2.2P. ................................ 34

FIGURE	25. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG85AW (OML) AND	SG85BW (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	2.2P. ............................ 34

FIGURE	26. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG20AS (OML) AND	SG20BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	2.2P. ................................ 35

FIGURE	27. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG21AS (OML) AND	SG21BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	2.2P. ................................ 35

FIGURE	28. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG84AW (OML) AND	SG84BW (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	2.2P. ............................ 36

FIGURE	29. LOCATIONS	OF	DELAMINATION	AS	IDENTIFIED	BY	NDI. ....................................................................................................... 36

FIGURE	30. RESPONSE	OF	DCDT6 FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE	(AT	CROWN	DELAMINATION	LOCATION)......... 37

FIGURE	31. RESPONSE	OF	DCDT7 FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE	(AT	CENTER	OF	CROWN	PANEL). ...................... 37

FIGURE	32. RESPONSE	OF	DCDT10 FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE	(AT	CENTER	OF	GRAY	BULKHEAD)................. 38

FIGURE	33. RESPONSE	OF	DCDT11 FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE	(AT	CENTER	OF	GRAY	RIB). ............................. 38

FIGURE	34. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	FOR	SPECKLED	RIB	AT	9.2 PSI	(1P). WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE AREAS	WHERE	VIC

DATA	WAS	NOT	RECORDED. ................................................................................................................................................................... 39

FIGURE	35. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	FOR	SPECKLED	BULKHEAD	AT	9.2 PSI	(1P). WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE AREAS	

WHERE	VIC DATA	WAS	NOT	RECORDED. ............................................................................................................................................. 39

FIGURE	36. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	FOR	SPECKLED	RIB	AT	18.4 PSI	(2P). WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE AREAS	WHERE	

VIC DATA	WAS	NOT	RECORDED. ........................................................................................................................................................... 40

FIGURE	37. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	FOR	SPECKLED	BULKHEAD	AT	18.4 PSI	(2P). WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE AREAS	

WHERE	VIC DATA	WAS	NOT	RECORDED. ............................................................................................................................................. 40

FIGURE	38. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	FOR	SPECKLED	RIB	AT	30.0 PSI. WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE AREAS	WHERE	VIC

DATA	NOT	RECORDED. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 41

FIGURE	39. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	FOR	SPECKLED	BULKHEAD	AT	30.0 PSI. WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE AREAS	WHERE	

VIC DATA	WAS	NOT	RECORDED. ........................................................................................................................................................... 41

FIGURE	40. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	FOR	SPECKLED	RIB	JUST	PRIOR	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE, APPROXIMATELY	48

PSI. WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE AREAS	WHERE	VIC DATA	NOT	RECORDED. ..................................................................................... 42

FIGURE	41. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	FOR	SPECKLED	BULKHEAD	JUST	PRIOR	TO CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE,

APPROXIMATELY	48 PSI. WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE	AREAS	WHERE	VIC DATA	WAS	NOT	RECORDED. ....................................... 42

FIGURE	42. VIC NORMAL	DISPLACEMENT	PLOT	OF	RIB	BVID LOCATION	JUST	PRIOR	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE, APPROXIMATELY	

48 PSI. WHITE	SPACES	INDICATE AREAS	WHERE	VIC DATA	WAS	NOT	RECORDED....................................................................... 43
iv

FIGURE	43. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGE	SG83BW (IML, INSIDE	FRAME	WEB	KEYHOLE	BESIDE	ROD, PARALLEL	TO	FRAME	

HEIGHT) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE. ................................................................................................................... 43

FIGURE	44. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGE	SG75BW (IML, INSIDE	FRAME	WEB	KEYHOLE	BESIDE	ROD, PARALLEL	TO	FRAME	

HEIGHT) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE. ................................................................................................................... 44

FIGURE	45. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG70AS (OML) AND	SG70BC (IML, FRAME	CAP) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	

FAILURE. ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44

FIGURE	46. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG77AS (OML) AND	SG77BC (IML, FRAME	CAP) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	

FAILURE. ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45

FIGURE	47. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG9AS (OML) AND	SG9BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE. .... 45

FIGURE	48. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG10AS (OML) AND	SG10BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE.46

FIGURE	49. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG20AS (OML) AND	SG20BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE.46

FIGURE	50. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG21AS (OML) AND	SG21BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE.47

FIGURE	51. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG64AS (OML) AND	SG64BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE.47

FIGURE	52. RESPONSE	OF	STRAIN	GAGES	SG66AS (OML) AND	SG66BS (IML) FOR	LOADING	UP	TO	CATASTROPHIC	FAILURE.48

FIGURE	53. FAILED	PRESSURE	CUBE, SPECKLED	BULKHEAD	PANEL	BLOWN	OFF. .................................................................................. 49

FIGURE	54. FAILED	FRAME	ATTACHMENT	FITTING	BETWEEN	CROWN	AND	SPECKLED	RIB	IN	PRESSURE	CUBE................................ 50

FIGURE	55. INDICATION	OF	LOCAL	BUCKLING	OF	SPECKLED	RIB	FRAME	ATTACHED	TO	THE	FAILED	FRAME	FITTING. .................... 51

FIGURE	A1. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT1......................................................................................................................................................A2

FIGURE	A2. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT2......................................................................................................................................................A2

FIGURE	A3. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT3......................................................................................................................................................A2

FIGURE	A4. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT4......................................................................................................................................................A2

FIGURE	A5. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT5......................................................................................................................................................A3

FIGURE	A6. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT6......................................................................................................................................................A3

FIGURE	A7. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT7......................................................................................................................................................A3

FIGURE	A8. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT8......................................................................................................................................................A3

FIGURE	A9. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT9......................................................................................................................................................A4

FIGURE	A10. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT10. ...............................................................................................................................................A4

FIGURE	A11. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, DCDT11. ...............................................................................................................................................A4

FIGURE	A12. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG1AC AND	SG1BS...................................................................................................A4

FIGURE	A13. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG2AC AND	SG2BS...................................................................................................A5

FIGURE	A14. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG3AC AND	SG3BS...................................................................................................A5

FIGURE	A15. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG4AC AND	SG4BS...................................................................................................A5

FIGURE	A16. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG5BW. .........................................................................................................................A5

FIGURE	A17. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG6BW. .........................................................................................................................A6

FIGURE	A18. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG7BW. .........................................................................................................................A6

FIGURE	A19. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG8BW. .........................................................................................................................A6

FIGURE	A20. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG9AS AND	SG9BS. ..................................................................................................A6

FIGURE	A21. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG10AS AND	SG10BS..............................................................................................A7

FIGURE	A22. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG11BW. ......................................................................................................................A7

FIGURE	A23. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG12BW. ......................................................................................................................A7

FIGURE	A24. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG13AS AND	SG13BS..............................................................................................A7

FIGURE	A25. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG14AS AND SG14BS..............................................................................................A8

FIGURE	A26. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG15AS AND	SG15BC..............................................................................................A8

FIGURE	A27. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG16AS AND	SG16BS..............................................................................................A8

FIGURE	A28. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG17AS AND	17BS. ..................................................................................................A8

FIGURE	A29. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG18BW. ......................................................................................................................A9

FIGURE	A30. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG19BW. ......................................................................................................................A9

FIGURE	A31. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG20AS AND	SG20BS..............................................................................................A9

FIGURE	A32. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG21AS AND	SG21BS..............................................................................................A9

FIGURE	A33. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG22AS AND	SG22BF........................................................................................... A10

FIGURE	A34. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG23AS AND	SG23BF........................................................................................... A10

FIGURE	A35. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG24BW. ................................................................................................................... A10

FIGURE	A36. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG25BW. ................................................................................................................... A10

FIGURE	A37. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG26AS AND	SG26BF........................................................................................... A11

FIGURE	A38. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG27AS AND	SG27BF........................................................................................... A11
v

FIGURE	A39. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG28AS AND	SG28BF........................................................................................... A11

FIGURE	A40. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG29AS AND	SG29BF........................................................................................... A11

FIGURE	A41. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG30BW. ................................................................................................................... A12

FIGURE	A42. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG31BW. ................................................................................................................... A12

FIGURE	A43. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG32BW. ................................................................................................................... A12

FIGURE	A44. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG33BW. ................................................................................................................... A12

FIGURE	A45. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG34AS AND	SG34BF........................................................................................... A13

FIGURE	A46. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG35AS AND	SG35BF........................................................................................... A13

FIGURE	A47. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG36BW. ................................................................................................................... A13

FIGURE	A48. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG37BW. ................................................................................................................... A13

FIGURE	A49. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG38AS AND	SG38BS........................................................................................... A14

FIGURE	A50. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG39AS AND	SG39BS........................................................................................... A14

FIGURE	A51. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG40AS AND	SG40BC........................................................................................... A14

FIGURE	A52. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG41AS AND	SG41BS........................................................................................... A14

FIGURE	A53. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG42AS AND	SG42BS........................................................................................... A15

FIGURE	A54. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG43BW. ................................................................................................................... A15

FIGURE	A55. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG44BW. ................................................................................................................... A15

FIGURE	A56. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG45AS AND	SG45BS........................................................................................... A15

FIGURE	A57. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG46AS AND	SG46BS........................................................................................... A16

FIGURE	A58. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG47AS AND	SG47BF........................................................................................... A16

FIGURE	A59. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG48AS AND	SG48BF........................................................................................... A16

FIGURE	A60. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG49BW. ................................................................................................................... A16

FIGURE	A61. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG50BW. ................................................................................................................... A17

FIGURE	A62. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG51BW. ................................................................................................................... A17

FIGURE	A63. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG52BW. ................................................................................................................... A17

FIGURE	A64. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG53AS AND	SG53BF........................................................................................... A17

FIGURE	A65. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG54AS AND	SG54BF........................................................................................... A18

FIGURE	A66. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG55BW. ................................................................................................................... A18

FIGURE	A67. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG56BW. ................................................................................................................... A18

FIGURE	A68. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG57BW. ................................................................................................................... A18

FIGURE	A69. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG58BW. ................................................................................................................... A19

FIGURE	A70. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG59AS AND	SG59BC........................................................................................... A19

FIGURE	A71. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG60AS AND	SG60BC........................................................................................... A19

FIGURE	A72. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG61BW. ................................................................................................................... A19

FIGURE	A73. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG62BW. ................................................................................................................... A20

FIGURE	A74. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG63AS AND	SG63BS........................................................................................... A20

FIGURE	A75. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG64AS AND	SG64BS........................................................................................... A20

FIGURE	A76. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG65AS AND	SG65BC........................................................................................... A20

FIGURE	A77. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG66AS AND	SG66BS........................................................................................... A21

FIGURE	A78. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG67AS AND	SG67BS........................................................................................... A21

FIGURE	A79. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG68BW. ................................................................................................................... A21

FIGURE	A80. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG69BW. ................................................................................................................... A21

FIGURE	A81. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG70AS AND	SG70BC........................................................................................... A22

FIGURE	A82. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG71BW. ................................................................................................................... A22

FIGURE	A83. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG72BW. ................................................................................................................... A22

FIGURE	A84. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG73AS AND	SG73BF........................................................................................... A22

FIGURE	A85. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG74AS AND	SG74BF........................................................................................... A23

FIGURE	A86. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG75BW. ................................................................................................................... A23

FIGURE	A87. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG76BW. ................................................................................................................... A23

FIGURE	A88. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG77AS AND	SG77BC........................................................................................... A23

FIGURE	A89. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG78BW. ................................................................................................................... A24

FIGURE	A90. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG70BW. ................................................................................................................... A24

FIGURE	A91. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG80AS AND	SG80BF........................................................................................... A24

FIGURE	A92. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG81AS AND	SG81BF........................................................................................... A24

FIGURE	A93. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG82BW. ................................................................................................................... A25
vi

FIGURE	A94. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG83BW. ................................................................................................................... A25

FIGURE	A95. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG84AW AND	SG84BW....................................................................................... A25

FIGURE	A96. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG85AW AND	SG85BW....................................................................................... A25

FIGURE A97. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG86AW. ................................................................................................................... A26

FIGURE	A98. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG87AW. ................................................................................................................... A26

FIGURE	A99. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG88AW. ................................................................................................................... A26

FIGURE	A100. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG89AW AND	SG89BW. ................................................................................... A26

FIGURE	A101. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG90AW.................................................................................................................. A27

FIGURE	A102. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG91AW.................................................................................................................. A27

FIGURE	A103. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG92AW.................................................................................................................. A27

FIGURE	A014. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG93AW AND	SG93BW. ................................................................................... A27

FIGURE	A105. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG94AW AND	SG94BW. ................................................................................... A28

FIGURE	A106. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG95AW.................................................................................................................. A28

FIGURE	A107. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG96AW.................................................................................................................. A28

FIGURE	A108. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGES	SG97AW AND	SG97BW. ................................................................................... A28

FIGURE	A109. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG98AW.................................................................................................................. A29

FIGURE	A110. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG99AW.................................................................................................................. A29

FIGURE	A111. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG100BW. .............................................................................................................. A29

FIGURE	A112. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG101BW. .............................................................................................................. A29

FIGURE	A113. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG102BF................................................................................................................. A30

FIGURE	A114. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG103BF................................................................................................................. A30

FIGURE	A115. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG104BF................................................................................................................. A30

FIGURE	A116. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG105BF................................................................................................................. A30

FIGURE	A117. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG106BW. .............................................................................................................. A31

FIGURE	A118. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG107BW. .............................................................................................................. A31

FIGURE	A119. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG108BW. .............................................................................................................. A31

FIGURE	A120. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG109BW. .............................................................................................................. A31

FIGURE	A121. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG110BF................................................................................................................. A32

FIGURE	A122. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG111BF................................................................................................................. A32

FIGURE	A123. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG113BW. .............................................................................................................. A32

FIGURE	A124. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG114BW. .............................................................................................................. A32

FIGURE	A125. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG115AW............................................................................................................... A33

FIGURE	A126. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG116AW............................................................................................................... A33

FIGURE	A127. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG117AW............................................................................................................... A33

FIGURE	A128. CHECKOUT	TEST	1, STRAIN	GAGE	SG118AW............................................................................................................... A33

FIGURE	B1. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT1......................................................................................................................................................B2

FIGURE	B2. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT2......................................................................................................................................................B2

FIGURE	B3. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT3......................................................................................................................................................B2

FIGURE	B4. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT4......................................................................................................................................................B2

FIGURE	B5. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT5......................................................................................................................................................B3

FIGURE	B6. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT6......................................................................................................................................................B3

FIGURE	B7. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT7......................................................................................................................................................B3

FIGURE	B8. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT8......................................................................................................................................................B3

FIGURE	B9. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT9......................................................................................................................................................B4

FIGURE	B10. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT10. ...............................................................................................................................................B4

FIGURE	B11. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, DCDT11. ...............................................................................................................................................B4

FIGURE	B12. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG1AC AND	SG1BS. ..................................................................................................B4

FIGURE	B13. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG2AC AND	SG2BS. ..................................................................................................B5

FIGURE	B14. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG3AC AND	SG3BS. ..................................................................................................B5

FIGURE	B15. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG4AC AND	SG4BS. ..................................................................................................B5

FIGURE	B16. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG5BW. .........................................................................................................................B5

FIGURE	B17. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG6BW. .........................................................................................................................B6

FIGURE	B18. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG7BW. .........................................................................................................................B6

FIGURE	B19. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG8BW. .........................................................................................................................B6

FIGURE	B20. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG9AS AND	SG9BS. ..................................................................................................B6
vii

FIGURE	B21. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG10AS AND	SG10BS..............................................................................................B7

FIGURE	B22. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG11BW. ......................................................................................................................B7

FIGURE	B23. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG12BW. ......................................................................................................................B7

FIGURE	B24. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG13AS AND	SG13BS..............................................................................................B7

FIGURE	B25. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG14AS AND	SG14BS..............................................................................................B8

FIGURE	B26. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG15AS AND	SG15BC..............................................................................................B8

FIGURE	B27. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG16AS AND	SG16BS..............................................................................................B8

FIGURE	B28. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG17AS AND	17BS. ..................................................................................................B8

FIGURE	B29. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG18BW. ......................................................................................................................B9

FIGURE	B30. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG19BW. ......................................................................................................................B9

FIGURE	B31. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG20AS AND	SG20BS..............................................................................................B9

FIGURE	B32. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG21AS AND	SG21BS..............................................................................................B9

FIGURE	B33. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG22AS AND	SG22BF........................................................................................... B10

FIGURE	B34. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG23AS AND	SG23BF........................................................................................... B10

FIGURE	B35. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG24BW. ................................................................................................................... B10

FIGURE	B36. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG25BW. ................................................................................................................... B10

FIGURE	B37. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG26AS AND	SG26BF........................................................................................... B11

FIGURE	B38. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG27AS AND	SG27BF........................................................................................... B11

FIGURE	B39. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG28AS AND	SG28BF........................................................................................... B11

FIGURE	B40. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG29AS AND	SG29BF........................................................................................... B11

FIGURE	B41. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG30BW. ................................................................................................................... B12

FIGURE	B42. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG31BW. ................................................................................................................... B12

FIGURE	B43. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG32BW. ................................................................................................................... B12

FIGURE	B44. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG33BW. ................................................................................................................... B12

FIGURE	B45. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG34AS AND	SG34BF........................................................................................... B13

FIGURE	B46. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG35AS AND	SG35BF........................................................................................... B13

FIGURE	B47. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG36BW. ................................................................................................................... B13

FIGURE	B48. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG37BW. ................................................................................................................... B13

FIGURE	B49. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG38AS AND	SG38BS........................................................................................... B14

FIGURE	B50. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG39AS AND	SG39BS........................................................................................... B14

FIGURE	B51. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG40AS AND	SG40BC........................................................................................... B14

FIGURE	B52. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG41AS AND	SG41BS........................................................................................... B14

FIGURE	B53. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG42AS AND	SG42BS........................................................................................... B15

FIGURE	B54. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG43BW. ................................................................................................................... B15

FIGURE	B55. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG44BW. ................................................................................................................... B15

FIGURE	B56. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG45AS AND	SG45BS........................................................................................... B15

FIGURE	B57. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG46AS AND	SG46BS........................................................................................... B16

FIGURE	B58. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG47AS AND	SG47BF........................................................................................... B16

FIGURE	B59. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG48AS AND	SG48BF........................................................................................... B16

FIGURE	B60. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG49BW. ................................................................................................................... B16

FIGURE	B61. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG50BW. ................................................................................................................... B17

FIGURE	B62. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG51BW. ................................................................................................................... B17

FIGURE	B63. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG52BW. ................................................................................................................... B17

FIGURE	B64. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG53AS AND	SG53BF........................................................................................... B17

FIGURE	B65. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG54AS AND	SG54BF........................................................................................... B18

FIGURE	B66. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG55BW. ................................................................................................................... B18

FIGURE	B67. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG56BW. ................................................................................................................... B18

FIGURE	B68. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG57BW. ................................................................................................................... B18

FIGURE	B69. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG58BW. ................................................................................................................... B19

FIGURE	B70. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG59AS AND	SG59BC........................................................................................... B19

FIGURE	B71. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG60AS AND	SG60BC........................................................................................... B19

FIGURE	B72. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG61BW. ................................................................................................................... B19

FIGURE	B73. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG62BW. ................................................................................................................... B20

FIGURE	B74. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG63AS AND	SG63BS........................................................................................... B20

FIGURE	B75. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG64AS AND	SG64BS........................................................................................... B20
viii

FIGURE	B76. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG65AS AND	SG65BC........................................................................................... B20

FIGURE	B77. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG66AS AND	SG66BS........................................................................................... B21

FIGURE	B78. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG67AS AND	SG67BS........................................................................................... B21

FIGURE	B79. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG68BW. ................................................................................................................... B21

FIGURE	B80. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG69BW. ................................................................................................................... B21

FIGURE	B81. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG70AS AND	SG70BC........................................................................................... B22

FIGURE	B82. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG71BW. ................................................................................................................... B22

FIGURE	B83. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG72BW. ................................................................................................................... B22

FIGURE	B84. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG73AS AND	SG73BF........................................................................................... B22

FIGURE	B85. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG74AS AND	SG74BF........................................................................................... B23

FIGURE	B86. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG75BW. ................................................................................................................... B23

FIGURE	B87. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG76BW. ................................................................................................................... B23

FIGURE	B88. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG77AS AND	SG77BC........................................................................................... B23

FIGURE	B89. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG78BW. ................................................................................................................... B24

FIGURE	B90. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG70BW. ................................................................................................................... B24

FIGURE	B91. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG80AS AND	SG80BF........................................................................................... B24

FIGURE	B92. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG81AS AND	SG81BF........................................................................................... B24

FIGURE	B93. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG82BW. ................................................................................................................... B25

FIGURE	B94. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG83BW. ................................................................................................................... B25

FIGURE	B95. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG84AW AND	SG84BW....................................................................................... B25

FIGURE	B96. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG85AW AND	SG85BW....................................................................................... B25

FIGURE	B97. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG86AW. ................................................................................................................... B26

FIGURE	B98. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG87AW. ................................................................................................................... B26

FIGURE	B99. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG88AW. ................................................................................................................... B26

FIGURE	B100. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG89AW AND	SG89BW. ................................................................................... B26

FIGURE	B101. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG90AW.................................................................................................................. B27

FIGURE	B102. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG91AW.................................................................................................................. B27

FIGURE	B103. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG92AW.................................................................................................................. B27

FIGURE	B104. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG93AW AND	SG93BW. ................................................................................... B27

FIGURE	B105. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG94AW AND	SG94BW. ................................................................................... B28

FIGURE	B106. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG95AW.................................................................................................................. B28

FIGURE	B107. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG96AW.................................................................................................................. B28

FIGURE	B108. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGES	SG97AW AND	SG97BW. ................................................................................... B28

FIGURE	B109. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG98AW.................................................................................................................. B29

FIGURE	B110. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG99AW.................................................................................................................. B29

FIGURE	B111. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG100BW. .............................................................................................................. B29

FIGURE	B112. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG101BW. .............................................................................................................. B29

FIGURE	B113. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG102BF................................................................................................................. B30

FIGURE	B114. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG103BF................................................................................................................. B30

FIGURE	B115. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG104BF................................................................................................................. B30

FIGURE	B116. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG105BF................................................................................................................. B30

FIGURE	B117. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG106BW. .............................................................................................................. B31

FIGURE	B118. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG107BW. .............................................................................................................. B31

FIGURE	B119. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG108BW. .............................................................................................................. B31

FIGURE	B120. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG109BW. .............................................................................................................. B31

FIGURE	B121. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG110BF................................................................................................................. B32

FIGURE	B122. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG111BF................................................................................................................. B32

FIGURE	B123. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG113BW. .............................................................................................................. B32

FIGURE	B124. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG114BW. .............................................................................................................. B32

FIGURE	B125. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG115AW. .............................................................................................................. B33

FIGURE	B126. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG116AW. .............................................................................................................. B33

FIGURE	B127. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG117AW. .............................................................................................................. B33

FIGURE	B128. CHECKOUT	TEST	2, STRAIN	GAGE	SG118AW. .............................................................................................................. B33

FIGURE	C1. 1P TEST, DCDT1........................................................................................................................................................................ C2

FIGURE	C2. 1P TEST, DCDT2........................................................................................................................................................................ C2
ix

FIGURE	C3. 1P TEST, DCDT3........................................................................................................................................................................ C2

FIGURE	C4. 1P TEST, DCDT4........................................................................................................................................................................ C2

FIGURE	C5. 1P TEST, DCDT5........................................................................................................................................................................ C3

FIGURE	C6. 1P TEST, DCDT6........................................................................................................................................................................ C3

FIGURE	C7. 1P TEST, DCDT7........................................................................................................................................................................ C3

FIGURE	C8. 1P TEST, DCDT8........................................................................................................................................................................ C3

FIGURE	C9. 1P TEST, DCDT9........................................................................................................................................................................ C4

FIGURE	C10. 1P TEST, DCDT10. ................................................................................................................................................................. C4

FIGURE	C11. 1P TEST, DCDT11. ................................................................................................................................................................. C4

FIGURE	C12. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG1AC AND	SG1BS. .................................................................................................................... C4

FIGURE	C13. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG2AC AND	SG2BS. .................................................................................................................... C5

FIGURE	C14. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG3AC AND	SG3BS. .................................................................................................................... C5

FIGURE	C15. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG4AC AND	SG4BS. .................................................................................................................... C5

FIGURE	C16. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG5BW. ........................................................................................................................................... C5

FIGURE	C17. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG6BW. ........................................................................................................................................... C6

FIGURE	C18. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG7BW. ........................................................................................................................................... C6

FIGURE	C19. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG8BW. ........................................................................................................................................... C6

FIGURE	C20. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG9AS AND	SG9BS. .................................................................................................................... C6

FIGURE	C21. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG10AS AND	SG10BS................................................................................................................ C7

FIGURE	C22. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG11BW. ........................................................................................................................................ C7

FIGURE	C23. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG12BW. ........................................................................................................................................ C7

FIGURE	C24. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG13AS AND	SG13BS................................................................................................................ C7

FIGURE	C25. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG14AS AND	SG14BS................................................................................................................ C8

FIGURE	C26. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG15AS AND	SG15BC................................................................................................................ C8

FIGURE	C27. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG16AS AND	SG16BS................................................................................................................ C8

FIGURE	C28. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG17AS AND	17BS. .................................................................................................................... C8

FIGURE	C29. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG18BW. ........................................................................................................................................ C9

FIGURE	C30. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG19BW. ........................................................................................................................................ C9

FIGURE	C31. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG20AS AND	SG20BS................................................................................................................ C9

FIGURE	C32. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG21AS AND	SG21BS................................................................................................................ C9

FIGURE	C33. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG22AS AND	SG22BF..............................................................................................................C10

FIGURE	C34. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG23AS AND	SG23BF..............................................................................................................C10

FIGURE	C35. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG24BW. ......................................................................................................................................C10

FIGURE	C36. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG25BW. ......................................................................................................................................C10

FIGURE	C37. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG26AS AND	SG26BF..............................................................................................................C11

FIGURE	C38. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG27AS AND	SG27BF..............................................................................................................C11

FIGURE	C39. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG28AS AND	SG28BF..............................................................................................................C11

FIGURE	C40. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG29AS AND	SG29BF..............................................................................................................C11

FIGURE	C41. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG30BW. ......................................................................................................................................C12

FIGURE	C42. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG31BW. ......................................................................................................................................C12

FIGURE	C43. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG32BW. ......................................................................................................................................C12

FIGURE	C44. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG33BW. ......................................................................................................................................C12

FIGURE	C45. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG34AS AND	SG34BF..............................................................................................................C13

FIGURE	C46. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG35AS AND	SG35BF..............................................................................................................C13

FIGURE	C47. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG36BW. ......................................................................................................................................C13

FIGURE	C48. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG37BW. ......................................................................................................................................C13

FIGURE	C49. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG38AS AND	SG38BS..............................................................................................................C14

FIGURE	C50. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG39AS AND	SG39BS..............................................................................................................C14

FIGURE C51. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG40AS AND	SG40BC..............................................................................................................C14

FIGURE	C52. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG41AS AND	SG41BS..............................................................................................................C14

FIGURE	C53. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG42AS AND	SG42BS..............................................................................................................C15

FIGURE	C54. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG43BW. ......................................................................................................................................C15

FIGURE	C55. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG44BW. ......................................................................................................................................C15

FIGURE	C56. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG45AS AND	SG45BS..............................................................................................................C15

FIGURE	C57. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG46AS AND	SG46BS..............................................................................................................C16
x

FIGURE	C58. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG47AS AND	SG47BF..............................................................................................................C16

FIGURE	C59. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG48AS AND	SG48BF..............................................................................................................C16

FIGURE	C60. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG49BW. ......................................................................................................................................C16

FIGURE	C61. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG50BW. ......................................................................................................................................C17

FIGURE	C62. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG51BW. ......................................................................................................................................C17

FIGURE	C63. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG52BW. ......................................................................................................................................C17

FIGURE	C64. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG53AS AND	SG53BF..............................................................................................................C17

FIGURE	C65. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG54AS AND	SG54BF..............................................................................................................C18

FIGURE	C66. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG55BW. ......................................................................................................................................C18

FIGURE	C67. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG56BW. ......................................................................................................................................C18

FIGURE	C68. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG57BW. ......................................................................................................................................C18

FIGURE	C69. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG58BW. ......................................................................................................................................C19

FIGURE	C70. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG59AS AND	SG59BC..............................................................................................................C19

FIGURE	C71. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG60AS AND	SG60BC..............................................................................................................C19

FIGURE	C72. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG61BW. ......................................................................................................................................C19

FIGURE	C73. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG62BW. ......................................................................................................................................C20

FIGURE	C74. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG63AS AND	SG63BS..............................................................................................................C20

FIGURE	C75. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG64AS AND	SG64BS..............................................................................................................C20

FIGURE	C76. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG65AS AND	SG65BC..............................................................................................................C20

FIGURE	C77. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG66AS AND	SG66BS..............................................................................................................C21

FIGURE	C78. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG67AS AND	SG67BS..............................................................................................................C21

FIGURE	C79. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG68BW. ......................................................................................................................................C21

FIGURE	C80. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG69BW. ......................................................................................................................................C21

FIGURE	C81. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG70AS AND	SG70BC..............................................................................................................C22

FIGURE	C82. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG71BW. ......................................................................................................................................C22

FIGURE	C83. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG72BW. ......................................................................................................................................C22

FIGURE	C84. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG73AS AND	SG73BF..............................................................................................................C22

FIGURE	C85. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG74AS AND	SG74BF..............................................................................................................C23

FIGURE	C86. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG75BW. ......................................................................................................................................C23

FIGURE	C87. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG76BW. ......................................................................................................................................C23

FIGURE	C88. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG77AS AND	SG77BC..............................................................................................................C23

FIGURE	C89. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG78BW. ......................................................................................................................................C24

FIGURE	C90. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG70BW. ......................................................................................................................................C24

FIGURE	C91. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG80AS AND	SG80BF..............................................................................................................C24

FIGURE	C92. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG81AS AND	SG81BF..............................................................................................................C24

FIGURE	C93. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG82BW. ......................................................................................................................................C25

FIGURE	C94. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG83BW. ......................................................................................................................................C25

FIGURE	C95. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG84AW AND	SG84BW..........................................................................................................C25

FIGURE	C96. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG85AW AND	SG85BW..........................................................................................................C25

FIGURE	C97. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG86AW. ......................................................................................................................................C26

FIGURE	C98. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG87AW. ......................................................................................................................................C26

FIGURE	C99. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG88AW. ......................................................................................................................................C26

FIGURE	C100. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG89AW AND	SG89BW. ......................................................................................................C26

FIGURE	C101. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG90AW.....................................................................................................................................C27

FIGURE	C102. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG91AW.....................................................................................................................................C27

FIGURE	C103. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG92AW.....................................................................................................................................C27

FIGURE	C104. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG93AW AND	SG93BW. ......................................................................................................C27

FIGURE	C105. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG94AW AND	SG94BW. ......................................................................................................C28

FIGURE	C106. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG95AW.....................................................................................................................................C28

FIGURE	C107. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG96AW.....................................................................................................................................C28

FIGURE	C108. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG97AW AND	SG97BW. ......................................................................................................C28

FIGURE	C109. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG98AW.....................................................................................................................................C29

FIGURE	C110. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG99AW.....................................................................................................................................C29

FIGURE	C111. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG100BW. .................................................................................................................................C29

FIGURE	C112. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG101BW. .................................................................................................................................C29
xi

FIGURE	C113. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG102BF....................................................................................................................................C30

FIGURE	C114. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG103BF....................................................................................................................................C30

FIGURE	C115. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG104BF....................................................................................................................................C30

FIGURE	C116. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG105BF....................................................................................................................................C30

FIGURE	C117. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG106BW. .................................................................................................................................C31

FIGURE	C118. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG107BW. .................................................................................................................................C31

FIGURE	C119. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG108BW. .................................................................................................................................C31

FIGURE	C120. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG109BW. .................................................................................................................................C31

FIGURE	C121. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG110BF....................................................................................................................................C32

FIGURE	C122. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG111BF....................................................................................................................................C32

FIGURE	C123. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG113BW. .................................................................................................................................C32

FIGURE	C124. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG114BW. .................................................................................................................................C32

FIGURE	C125. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG115AW. .................................................................................................................................C33

FIGURE	C126. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG116AW. .................................................................................................................................C33

FIGURE	C127. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG117AW. .................................................................................................................................C33

FIGURE	C128. 1P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG118AW. .................................................................................................................................C33

FIGURE	D1. 2.2P TEST, DCDT1....................................................................................................................................................................D2

FIGURE	D2. 2.2P TEST, DCDT2....................................................................................................................................................................D2

FIGURE	D3. 2.2P TEST, DCDT3....................................................................................................................................................................D2

FIGURE	D4. 2.2P TEST, DCDT4....................................................................................................................................................................D2

FIGURE	D5. 2.2P TEST, DCDT5....................................................................................................................................................................D3

FIGURE	D6. 2.2P TEST, DCDT6....................................................................................................................................................................D3

FIGURE	D7. 2.2P TEST, DCDT7....................................................................................................................................................................D3

FIGURE	D8. 2.2P TEST, DCDT8....................................................................................................................................................................D3

FIGURE	D9. 2.2P TEST, DCDT9....................................................................................................................................................................D4

FIGURE	D10. 2.2P TEST, DCDT10. .............................................................................................................................................................D4

FIGURE	D11. 2.2P TEST, DCDT11. .............................................................................................................................................................D4

FIGURE	D12. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG1AC AND	SG1BS.................................................................................................................D4

FIGURE	D13. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG2AC AND	SG2BS.................................................................................................................D5

FIGURE	D14. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG3AC AND	SG3BS.................................................................................................................D5

FIGURE	D15. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG4AC AND	SG4BS.................................................................................................................D5

FIGURE	D16. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG5BW. .......................................................................................................................................D5

FIGURE	D17. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG6BW. .......................................................................................................................................D6

FIGURE	D18. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG7BW. .......................................................................................................................................D6

FIGURE	D19. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG8BW. .......................................................................................................................................D6

FIGURE	D20. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG9AS AND	SG9BS. ................................................................................................................D6

FIGURE	D21. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG10AS AND	SG10BS............................................................................................................D7

FIGURE	D22. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG11BW. ....................................................................................................................................D7

FIGURE	D23. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG12BW. ....................................................................................................................................D7

FIGURE	D24. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG13AS AND	SG13BS............................................................................................................D7

FIGURE	D25. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG14AS AND	SG14BS............................................................................................................D8

FIGURE	D26. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG15AS AND	SG15BC. ..........................................................................................................D8

FIGURE	D27. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG16AS AND	SG16BS............................................................................................................D8

FIGURE	D28. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG17AS AND	17BS. ................................................................................................................D8

FIGURE	D29. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG18BW. ....................................................................................................................................D9

FIGURE	D30. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG19BW. ....................................................................................................................................D9

FIGURE	D31. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG20AS AND	SG20BS............................................................................................................D9

FIGURE	D32. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG21AS AND	SG21BS............................................................................................................D9

FIGURE	D33. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG22AS AND	SG22BF.........................................................................................................D10

FIGURE	D34. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG23AS AND	SG23BF.........................................................................................................D10

FIGURE	D35. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG24BW. .................................................................................................................................D10

FIGURE	D36. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG25BW. .................................................................................................................................D10

FIGURE	D37. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG26AS AND	SG26BF.........................................................................................................D11

FIGURE	D38. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG27AS AND	SG27BF.........................................................................................................D11

FIGURE	D39. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG28AS AND	SG28BF.........................................................................................................D11
xii

FIGURE	D40. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG29AS AND	SG29BF.........................................................................................................D11

FIGURE	D41. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG30BW. .................................................................................................................................D12

FIGURE	D42. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG31BW. .................................................................................................................................D12

FIGURE	D43. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG32BW. .................................................................................................................................D12

FIGURE	D44. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG33BW. .................................................................................................................................D12

FIGURE	D45. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG34AS AND	SG34BF.........................................................................................................D13

FIGURE	D46. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG35AS AND	SG35BF.........................................................................................................D13

FIGURE	D47. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG36BW. .................................................................................................................................D13

FIGURE	D48. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG37BW. .................................................................................................................................D13

FIGURE	D49. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG38AS AND	SG38BS.........................................................................................................D14

FIGURE	D50. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG39AS AND	SG39BS.........................................................................................................D14

FIGURE	D51. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG40AS AND	SG40BC. .......................................................................................................D14

FIGURE	D52. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG41AS AND	SG41BS.........................................................................................................D14

FIGURE	D53. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG42AS AND	SG42BS.........................................................................................................D15

FIGURE	D54. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG43BW. .................................................................................................................................D15

FIGURE	D55. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG44BW. .................................................................................................................................D15

FIGURE	D56. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG45AS AND	SG45BS.........................................................................................................D15

FIGURE	D57. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG46AS AND	SG46BS.........................................................................................................D16

FIGURE	D58. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG47AS AND	SG47BF.........................................................................................................D16

FIGURE	D59. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG48AS AND	SG48BF.........................................................................................................D16

FIGURE	D60. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG49BW. .................................................................................................................................D16

FIGURE	D61. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG50BW. .................................................................................................................................D17

FIGURE	D62. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG51BW. .................................................................................................................................D17

FIGURE	D63. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG52BW. .................................................................................................................................D17

FIGURE	D64. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG53AS AND	SG53BF.........................................................................................................D17

FIGURE	D65. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG54AS AND	SG54BF.........................................................................................................D18

FIGURE	D66. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG55BW. .................................................................................................................................D18

FIGURE	D67. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG56BW. .................................................................................................................................D18

FIGURE	D68. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG57BW. .................................................................................................................................D18

FIGURE	D69. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG58BW. .................................................................................................................................D19

FIGURE	D70. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG59AS AND	SG59BC. .......................................................................................................D19

FIGURE	D71. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG60AS AND	SG60BC. .......................................................................................................D19

FIGURE	D72. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG61BW. .................................................................................................................................D19

FIGURE	D73. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG62BW. .................................................................................................................................D20

FIGURE	D74. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG63AS AND	SG63BS.........................................................................................................D20

FIGURE	D75. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG64AS AND	SG64BS.........................................................................................................D20

FIGURE	D76. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG65AS AND	SG65BC. .......................................................................................................D20

FIGURE	D77. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG66AS AND	SG66BS.........................................................................................................D21

FIGURE	D78. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG67AS AND	SG67BS.........................................................................................................D21

FIGURE	D79. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG68BW. .................................................................................................................................D21

FIGURE	D80. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG69BW. .................................................................................................................................D21

FIGURE	D81. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG70AS AND	SG70BC. .......................................................................................................D22

FIGURE	D82. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG71BW. .................................................................................................................................D22

FIGURE	D83. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG72BW. .................................................................................................................................D22

FIGURE	D84. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG73AS AND	SG73BF.........................................................................................................D22

FIGURE	D85. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG74AS AND	SG74BF.........................................................................................................D23

FIGURE	D86. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG75BW. .................................................................................................................................D23

FIGURE	D87. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG76BW. .................................................................................................................................D23

FIGURE	D88. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG77AS AND	SG77BC. .......................................................................................................D23

FIGURE	D89. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG78BW. .................................................................................................................................D24

FIGURE	D90. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG70BW. .................................................................................................................................D24

FIGURE	D91. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG80AS AND	SG80BF.........................................................................................................D24

FIGURE	D92. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG81AS AND	SG81BF.........................................................................................................D24

FIGURE	D93. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG82BW. .................................................................................................................................D25

FIGURE	D94. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG83BW. .................................................................................................................................D25
xiii

FIGURE	D95. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG84AW AND	SG84BW.....................................................................................................D25

FIGURE	D96. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG85AW AND	SG85BW.....................................................................................................D25

FIGURE	D97. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG86AW. .................................................................................................................................D26

FIGURE	D98. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG87AW. .................................................................................................................................D26

FIGURE	D99. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG88AW. .................................................................................................................................D26

FIGURE	D100. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG89AW AND	SG89BW..................................................................................................D26

FIGURE	D101. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN GAGE	SG90AW................................................................................................................................D27

FIGURE	D102. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG91AW................................................................................................................................D27

FIGURE	D103. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG92AW................................................................................................................................D27

FIGURE	D104. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG93AW AND	SG93BW..................................................................................................D27

FIGURE	D105. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG94AW AND	SG94BW..................................................................................................D28

FIGURE	D106. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG95AW................................................................................................................................D28

FIGURE	D107. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG96AW................................................................................................................................D28

FIGURE	D108. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGES	SG97AW AND	SG97BW..................................................................................................D28

FIGURE	D109. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG98AW................................................................................................................................D29

FIGURE	D110. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG99AW................................................................................................................................D29

FIGURE	D111. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG100BW.............................................................................................................................D29

FIGURE	D112. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG101BW.............................................................................................................................D29

FIGURE	D113. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG102BF...............................................................................................................................D30

FIGURE	D114. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG103BF...............................................................................................................................D30

FIGURE	D115. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG104BF...............................................................................................................................D30

FIGURE	D116. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG105BF...............................................................................................................................D30

FIGURE	D117. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG106BW.............................................................................................................................D31

FIGURE	D118. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG107BW.............................................................................................................................D31

FIGURE	D119. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG108BW.............................................................................................................................D31

FIGURE	D120. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG109BW.............................................................................................................................D31

FIGURE	D121. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG110BF...............................................................................................................................D32

FIGURE	D122. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG111BF...............................................................................................................................D32

FIGURE	D123. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG113BW.............................................................................................................................D32

FIGURE	D124. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG114BW.............................................................................................................................D32

FIGURE	D125. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG115AW.............................................................................................................................D33

FIGURE	D126. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG116AW.............................................................................................................................D33

FIGURE	D127. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG117AW.............................................................................................................................D33

FIGURE	D128. 2.2P TEST, STRAIN	GAGE	SG118AW.............................................................................................................................D33

FIGURE	E1. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT1........................................................................................................................................................ E2

FIGURE	E2. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT2........................................................................................................................................................ E2

FIGURE	E3. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT3........................................................................................................................................................ E2

FIGURE	E4. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT4........................................................................................................................................................ E2

FIGURE	E5. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT5........................................................................................................................................................ E3

FIGURE	E6. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT6........................................................................................................................................................ E3

FIGURE	E7. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT7........................................................................................................................................................ E3

FIGURE	E8. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT8........................................................................................................................................................ E3

FIGURE	E9. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT9........................................................................................................................................................ E4

FIGURE	E10. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT10. ................................................................................................................................................. E4

FIGURE	E11. TEST	TO	FAILURE, DCDT11. ................................................................................................................................................. E4

FIGURE	E12. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG1AC AND	SG1BS. .................................................................................................... E4

FIGURE	E13. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG2AC AND	SG2BS. .................................................................................................... E5

FIGURE	E14. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG3AC AND	SG3BS. .................................................................................................... E5

FIGURE	E15. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG4AC AND	SG4BS. .................................................................................................... E5

FIGURE	E16. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG5BW. ........................................................................................................................... E5

FIGURE	E17. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG6BW. ........................................................................................................................... E6

FIGURE	E18. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG7BW. ........................................................................................................................... E6

FIGURE	E19. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG8BW. ........................................................................................................................... E6

FIGURE	E20. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG9AS AND	SG9BS. .................................................................................................... E6

FIGURE	E21. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG10AS AND	SG10BS. ............................................................................................... E7
xiv

FIGURE	E22. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG11BW.......................................................................................................................... E7

FIGURE	E23. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG12BW.......................................................................................................................... E7

FIGURE	E24. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG13AS AND	SG13BS. ............................................................................................... E7

FIGURE	E25. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG14AS AND	SG14BS. ............................................................................................... E8

FIGURE	E26. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG15AS AND	SG15BC................................................................................................ E8

FIGURE	E27. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG16AS AND	SG16BS. ............................................................................................... E8

FIGURE	E28. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG17AS AND	17BS. .................................................................................................... E8

FIGURE	E29. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG18BW.......................................................................................................................... E9

FIGURE	E30. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG19BW.......................................................................................................................... E9

FIGURE	E31. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG20AS AND	SG20BS. ............................................................................................... E9

FIGURE	E32. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG21AS AND	SG21BS. ............................................................................................... E9

FIGURE	E33. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG22AS AND	SG22BF..............................................................................................E10

FIGURE	E34. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG23AS AND	SG23BF..............................................................................................E10

FIGURE	E35. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG24BW........................................................................................................................E10

FIGURE	E36. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG25BW........................................................................................................................E10

FIGURE	E37. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG26AS AND	SG26BF..............................................................................................E11

FIGURE	E38. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG27AS AND	SG27BF..............................................................................................E11

FIGURE	E39. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG28AS AND	SG28BF..............................................................................................E11

FIGURE	E40. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG29AS AND	SG29BF..............................................................................................E11

FIGURE	E41. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG30BW........................................................................................................................E12

FIGURE	E42. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG31BW........................................................................................................................E12

FIGURE	E43. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG32BW........................................................................................................................E12

FIGURE	E44. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG33BW........................................................................................................................E12

FIGURE	E45. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG34AS AND	SG34BF..............................................................................................E13

FIGURE	E46. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG35AS AND	SG35BF..............................................................................................E13

FIGURE	E47. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG36BW........................................................................................................................E13

FIGURE	E48. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG37BW........................................................................................................................E13

FIGURE	E49. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG38AS AND	SG38BS. .............................................................................................E14

FIGURE	E50. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG39AS AND	SG39BS. .............................................................................................E14

FIGURE	E51. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG40AS AND	SG40BC..............................................................................................E14

FIGURE	E52. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG41AS AND	SG41BS. .............................................................................................E14

FIGURE	E53. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG42AS AND	SG42BS. .............................................................................................E15

FIGURE	E54. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG43BW........................................................................................................................E15

FIGURE	E55. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG44BW........................................................................................................................E15

FIGURE	E56. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG45AS AND	SG45BS. .............................................................................................E15

FIGURE	E57. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG46AS AND	SG46BS. .............................................................................................E16

FIGURE	E58. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG47AS AND	SG47BF..............................................................................................E16

FIGURE	E59. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG48AS AND	SG48BF..............................................................................................E16

FIGURE	E60. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG49BW........................................................................................................................E16

FIGURE	E61. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG50BW........................................................................................................................E17

FIGURE	E62. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG51BW........................................................................................................................E17

FIGURE	E63. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG52BW........................................................................................................................E17

FIGURE	E64. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG53AS AND	SG53BF..............................................................................................E17

FIGURE	E65. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG54AS AND	SG54BF..............................................................................................E18

FIGURE	E66. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG55BW........................................................................................................................E18

FIGURE	E67. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG56BW........................................................................................................................E18

FIGURE	E68. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG57BW........................................................................................................................E18

FIGURE	E69. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG58BW........................................................................................................................E19

FIGURE	E70. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG59AS AND	SG59BC..............................................................................................E19

FIGURE	E71. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG60AS AND	SG60BC..............................................................................................E19

FIGURE	E72. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG61BW........................................................................................................................E19

FIGURE	E73. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG62BW........................................................................................................................E20

FIGURE	E74. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG63AS AND	SG63BS. .............................................................................................E20

FIGURE	E75. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG64AS AND	SG64BS. .............................................................................................E20

FIGURE	E76. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG65AS AND	SG65BC..............................................................................................E20
xv

FIGURE	E77. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG66AS AND	SG66BS. .............................................................................................E21

FIGURE	E78. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG67AS AND	SG67BS. .............................................................................................E21

FIGURE	E79. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG68BW........................................................................................................................E21

FIGURE	E80. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG69BW........................................................................................................................E21

FIGURE	E81. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG70AS AND	SG70BC..............................................................................................E22

FIGURE	E82. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG71BW........................................................................................................................E22

FIGURE	E83. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG72BW........................................................................................................................E22

FIGURE	E84. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG73AS AND	SG73BF..............................................................................................E22

FIGURE	E85. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG74AS AND	SG74BF..............................................................................................E23

FIGURE	E86. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG75BW........................................................................................................................E23

FIGURE	E87. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG76BW........................................................................................................................E23

FIGURE	E88. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG77AS AND	SG77BC..............................................................................................E23

FIGURE	E89. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG78BW........................................................................................................................E24

FIGURE	E90. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG70BW........................................................................................................................E24

FIGURE	E91. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG80AS AND	SG80BF..............................................................................................E24

FIGURE	E92. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG81AS AND	SG81BF..............................................................................................E24

FIGURE	E93. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG82BW........................................................................................................................E25

FIGURE	E94. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG83BW........................................................................................................................E25

FIGURE	E95. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG84AW AND	SG84BW..........................................................................................E25

FIGURE	E96. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG85AW AND	SG85BW..........................................................................................E25

FIGURE	E97. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG86AW. ......................................................................................................................E26

FIGURE	E98. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG87AW. ......................................................................................................................E26

FIGURE	E99. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG88AW. ......................................................................................................................E26

FIGURE	E100. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG89AW AND	SG89BW. ......................................................................................E26

FIGURE	E101. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG90AW.....................................................................................................................E27

FIGURE	E102. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG91AW.....................................................................................................................E27

FIGURE	E103. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG92AW.....................................................................................................................E27

FIGURE	E104. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG93AW AND	SG93BW. ......................................................................................E27

FIGURE	E105. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG94AW AND	SG94BW. ......................................................................................E28

FIGURE	E106. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG95AW.....................................................................................................................E28

FIGURE	E107. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG96AW.....................................................................................................................E28

FIGURE	E108. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGES	SG97AW AND	SG97BW. ......................................................................................E28

FIGURE	E109. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG98AW.....................................................................................................................E29

FIGURE	E110. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG99AW.....................................................................................................................E29

FIGURE	E111. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG100BW. .................................................................................................................E29

FIGURE	E112. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG101BW. .................................................................................................................E29

FIGURE	E113. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG102BF. ...................................................................................................................E30

FIGURE	E114. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG103BF. ...................................................................................................................E30

FIGURE	E115. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG104BF. ...................................................................................................................E30

FIGURE	E116. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG105BF. ...................................................................................................................E30

FIGURE	E117. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG106BW. .................................................................................................................E31

FIGURE	E118. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG107BW. .................................................................................................................E31

FIGURE	E119. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG108BW. .................................................................................................................E31

FIGURE	E120. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG109BW. .................................................................................................................E31

FIGURE	E121. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG110BF. ...................................................................................................................E32

FIGURE	E122. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG111BF. ...................................................................................................................E32

FIGURE	E123. TEST TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG113BW. .................................................................................................................E32

FIGURE	E124. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG114BW. .................................................................................................................E32

FIGURE	E125. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG115AW. .................................................................................................................E33

FIGURE	E126. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG116AW. .................................................................................................................E33

FIGURE	E128. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG117AW. .................................................................................................................E33

FIGURE	E128. TEST	TO	FAILURE, STRAIN	GAGE	SG118AW. .................................................................................................................E33
1

Introduction

In an effort to increase the fuel efficiency of commercial aircraft, numerous configuration concepts 

have been developed. One such concept is the hybrid wing body (HWB) shown in Fig. 1, which was the 

initial focus of NASA’s Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Program. The HWB design 

combines features of a flying wing with features of conventional transport aircraft, a configuration that 

has the advantage of simultaneously increasing both fuel efficiency and payload.1, 2 Early in the 

formulation of the HWB concept, it was realized that conventional structural configurations of the time 

limited the potential design space for lightweight primary structure. Therefore, the conventional 

pressurized cabin structure was abandoned with the expectation that future structural concepts would be 

developed that were capable of sustaining the anticipated HWB loads.2 As a result, initial HWB research 

focused on the aerodynamic, stability and control issues (flying characteristics), which included wind 

tunnel tests at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). While later studies have continued to address 

HWB flying characteristics, including noise and propulsion issues, recent years have seen an increased 

focus on the structural performance of the HWB.3-8 The key structural challenge of a HWB airframe is the 

ability to create a cost and weight efficient, non-circular, pressurized shell. The fuselage of a HWB 

aircraft must meet the overpressure case of 2P, 18.4 psi, where 1P is defined at limit load as 9.2 psi. 

Conventional round fuselage sections react cabin pressure by hoop tension. However, the structural 

configuration of the HWB subjects the majority of the structural panels to bi-axial, in-plane loads in 

addition to the internal cabin pressure (Fig. 2). Therefore, the design and sizing of these nearly flat 

pressurized panels (identified by the shaded region in Fig. 3) requires more thorough examination and 

analysis than conventional transport aircraft components that have traditional and less complex load 

paths. To address this issue, while keeping HWB structural weights low, extensive use of advanced 

composite materials is made that results in architectures that are appreciably lighter than comparable 

aluminum designs. This report presents the test data and preliminary conclusions for a pressurized cube 

test article that is part of the building block approach used for HWB development.

PRSEUS concept

Several sizing and optimization studies have been conducted on HWB-like structures.3, 4, 6, 7 Of 

particular importance is the response of the non-circular HWB structure subjected to internal pressure, 

where double bending curvature (center and edges of the panel bending in opposite directions) is 

experienced by the pressurized panel that results in large local stresses that drive the panel design. This 

phenomenon is discussed in Refs. 3 and 7, and emphasizes the potential inefficiency of a uniform panel 

design unless the structural concept is highly efficient. One structural concept that shows great promise 

for application to a HWB center section is the Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure 

(PRSEUS)9 developed by the Boeing Company. PRSEUS is an integral structural concept whereby skins, 

frames, stringers and tear straps are all stitched together, then infused and cured in an out-of-autoclave 

process.9 The concept has evolved out of stitching technology development from several NASA-Boeing 

and AFRL-Boeing programs beginning in the 1990’s5, 10-13 An expanded view of a PRSEUS stiffener 

intersection is shown in Fig. 4. The key to the PRSEUS concept is the pre-cured, pultruded rod that is 

contained within the stringer wrap plies and which passes through the frames, providing an uninterrupted 

load path. At the same time, the full depth frame stiffener is also continuous, except for the key-hole 

through which the stringer passes, providing an uninterrupted load path in the direction perpendicular to 

the stringer. These efficient structural stiffening members provide the majority of the panel stiffness, 

permitting the use of minimum skin thickness for many applications.

PRSEUS uses dry warp-knit fabric materials stitched together to create a preform of the full structural 

panel, so that all materials can be co-cured with minimal use of inner moldline tooling. Skins, flanges, 

and webs comprise layers of graphite material forms that are pre-knitted into multi-ply stacks of Hercules, 
2

Inc. AS4 fibers. Multiple stacks of the warp-knit material are used to build up the desired part thickness 

and configuration. In order to maintain the panel geometry during fabrication, frames and stringers are 

placed in a stitching tool, and then the skin stack(s) are placed in the stitching tool to prepare for stitching 

of the assembly. The assembly is stitched together using Vectran thread, then the assembly is moved to a 

curing tool for resin infusion and consolidation in an oven using Boeing’s Controlled Atmospheric 

Pressure Resin Infusion (CAPRI) process.9, 14 Since the stiffener flanges are stitched to the skin, no 

mechanical fasteners are used for joining the assembly structural elements. Stringers, the stiffeners 

running in the HWB axial direction, consist of AS4 carbon fiber webs that overwrap a bulb-shaped, pecured rod of unidirectional, pultruded carbon fiber at the top of the web. Frame stiffeners are oriented 

along the spanwise direction, and are foam filled blades. The pultruded rods currently used in PRSEUS 

construction are Toray unidirectional T800 fiber with a 3900-2B resin, and currently, the frames are filled 

with Rohacell foam. The warp-knit stacks that are currently used in the PRSEUS skin and stiffeners make 

use of a (44/44/12) fiber architecture, in terms of an area weight percentage of (0/±45/90) degree plies,

with a nominal stack thickiness of 0.052 inches. The resin system currently used to infuse the PRSEUS 

assembly is HexFlow VRM 34.

9 Lastly, in the current HWB design, the 44% 0-degree orientation of the 

fuselage skin is parallel to the frames in the aircraft span-wise direction.

Building Block Approach

Under the HWB structural development program, a building block approach has been used to design, 

analyze, build and test structural components as depicted in Fig. 5. The first pressurized PRSEUS 

structure was a flat panel, which is identified as the internal pressure box in the figure. This pressure panel 

fit into the sub-component testing portion of the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 development 

effort. It was designed, analyzed and fabricated by Boeing,14 and it was tested at NASA LaRC. The 

pressure panel demonstrated the pressure loading capability of minimum gauge PRSEUS panels, where 

the panel withstood the 2P overpressure load both without and with barely visible impact damage (BVID) 

imparted on a stringer, with initial failure at a pressure of 28.44 psi with BVID present.15 As a next step in 

the building block approach, the behavior of a cube assembly made from integral PRSEUS panels that is 

subjected to pressure loading was examined. This test article is identified in Fig. 5 as the Pressure Cube, 

and it is the focus of this report. The pressure cube is an intermediate test article in the building block plan 

meant to reduce risk in the TRL 5 large-scale test, shown as the last step in the figure, by demonstrating 

PRSEUS assembly joint concepts under 2P loading. Again, this activity is a joint effort between NASA 

and Boeing, where Boeing completed design, analysis, manufacturing, and assembly of the test article, 

and NASA conducted pressure testing at LaRC's Combined Loads Test Systems (COLTS)16 facility, and 

provided analysis and post-test correlation.

Pressure Cube Design

The PRSEUS pressure cube, shown in Fig. 6, consists of six composite PRSEUS panels assembled 

together using aluminum fittings and a new stitched integral cap joint concept. Using the HWB as the 

baseline (Fig. 1), the pressure cube is designed such that it represents a region of the HWB pressurized 

fuselage section (Fig. 4) incorporating the crown skin, two side ribs, two side bulkheads, and a 

pressurized floor section as shown in Fig. 6. The crown panel is representative of the upper cover panel of 

the baseline aircraft in the pressure cabin region. The sides of the pressure cube are two pairs of opposing 

panels, arranged symmetrically, that represent rib and bulkhead panel regions. The rib and bulkhead 

panels are representative of the outer cabin pressure-carrying ribs and the rear pressure bulkhead of the 

baseline aircraft, respectively. With the exception of edge build-ups and integral caps described 

subsequently, all panels used in the pressure cube have the same design as the previously tested pressure 

panel. Frames are spaced at 20.0 inches, stringers are spaced at 6.0 inches, and with the exception of the 

floor, the skin is minimum gauge with a nominal thickness of 0.052 inches. The floor panel is not strictly 
3

representative of the baseline aircraft because of the required access door and instrumentation passthrough. However, for convenience, the floor was designed to use available panel tooling, so that the 

stiffener spacing is identical to the remainder of the cube, but the skin thickness is significantly greater, 

and pad-ups have been added around the cutouts. Stringer and frame cross-sections are shown in Fig. 7, 

with nominal stringer and frame heights, measured from the outer mold line, of 1.49 and 6.0 inches, 

respectively.

Stitched T-shaped integral caps are manufactured into the panels to reduce the complexity and number 

of metallic fittings required to assemble the panels together. The integral cap joint design is the primary 

focus of the pressure cube risk reduction test article. As the first test specimen where PRSEUS panels 

have been joined together to create 90-degree corners, the primary purpose of the pressure cube test was 

to verify that the joint concept could hold the adjusted 2P load case that would be scaled up to account for 

the subscale cube dimensions. Integral cap members are incorporated around all four edges of the crown 

panel to provide a means of attaching the cube side panels (Fig. 6). The rib panels incorporate integral 

flanges to provide a means of attachment to the bulkhead panels. The bulkhead panels have only one cap 

at the lower end where they interface with the floor panel. A key feature of the pressure cube design is 

that there are few fasteners protruding through the outer mold line of the panel that is exposed to the 

airstream.

Pressure Cube Testing

The pressure cube was tested in the NASA LaRC COLTS facility in August of 2011. Preliminary tests 

were completed to perform instrumentation checks, followed by tests of the pristine pressure cube, and 

then the pressure cube was impacted with BVID and pressurized to failure. This section describes the test 

set-up and test procedure, and concludes by presenting the test data for all applied pressure loadings.

Test Set-up

The test set-up for the pressure cube is shown in Fig. 8. The crown, one rib, one bulkhead and the floor 

were painted with flat white-gray paint on the outer mold line (OML). The remaining rib and bulkhead 

were painted with a white speckle pattern to be used with a video digital image correlation system,17 VIC3D18 (hereafter referred to as VIC). The pressure cube was instrumented with 11 direct current 

displacement transducers (DCDTs) and 168 strain gages. The locations of all DCDTs and strain gages are 

described in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. For the strain gage designations, the terminology is as follows: 

A indicates OML, B indicates inner mold line (IML), S indicates skin, W indicates web and F indicates 

flange. The locations of the DCDTs with respect to the cube are shown in Fig. 9, where the cube has been 

unfolded, with the floor removed for clarity. In the figure, the relationship between the panels on which 

the VIC systems were used and the remaining panels is shown, with the arrows indicating mating edges 

of the cube. Similarly, the general locations of the strain gages for each side of the cube are shown in 

Figures 10 – 15. In the figures, each edge of the panel is identified by the mating panel to which that edge 

is attached (e.g., an edge labeled as "crown" indicates that edge is attached to the crown panel). VIC was 

used to monitor displacements and strains on the speckled rib and bulkhead panels. Two VIC systems 

were used for global measurements, one for the rib and one for the bulkhead. A third VIC system was 

added in the final load-to-failure test to monitor a local region on the rib in the vicinity of BVID. 

Additionally, the interior of the pressure cube was monitored using video cameras with light-emitting 

diode (LED) lighting, and several cameras provided video monitoring of the exterior of the pressure cube. 

Lastly, acoustic emission (AE) sensors were installed on all of the panels except for the floor. Several of 

the AE sensors can be seen in Fig. 8, and their pattern and numbering is shown in Fig. 16. Full details 

associated with the AE portion of the testing can be found in Ref. 19.
4

Due to the danger involved with pressurized tests, the cube was tested in the COLTS pressure 

chamber. This chamber is an enclosed volume that can contain the explosive failure of a pressurized test 

article up to the size of a 45-foot long fuselage section. Output signals from DCDTs, strain gages, VIC 

computers and AE sensors on were monitored in the COLTS control room.

Test Procedure

The pressure cube was subjected to several pressure loads to various levels in a pristine condition, and 

pressure loaded to failure with BVID imparted to the exterior of the cube at a rib integral cap web 

location. Design pressures for the cube are designated as 1P, which represents the normal operating 

pressure of 9.2 psi, and 2P, which represents the 18.4 psi maximum overpressure condition. In the pristine 

condition, two check-out tests were conducted with the pressure ramped up to 4.6 psi (0.5P). These 

check-out tests were used to verify proper operation of all data acquisition systems and the pressure 

control system. The pristine cube was then pessurized up to 1P and then unpressurized. During the 1P 

testing, vibration surveys were performed to provide data used to validate finite element models to enable 

accurate prediction of pressurized PRSEUS panel dynamics.20 The vibration surveys were made at zero 

pressure and 1P, and at 6 steady-state pressure holds through the loading up to 1P. The final pristine cube 

test increased the pressure up to 20.15 psi (2.2P) prior to being unpressurized. The purpose of the 2.2P 

load is to ensure that no failure will occur for the overpressure condition, but with an additional margin of 

10% included. At the conclusion of the pristine cube tests, the cube was examined using ultrasonic NDI 

and the BVID was introduced. The cube was turned on its side, NDI was performed, then BVID was 

imparted, using a drop weight impactor, to the speckled rib integral cap web that attached the rib to the 

speckled bulkhead, as shown in Figure 17. The location of the BVID with respect to the integral cap web 

is shown in Figure 18, and its location on the cube is shown in Figure 19. The BVID was imparted with 

an impact energy of 100 ft-lbs using a 1-inch spherical impactor. Figure 20 shows the impact location 

surface before and after introducing the BVID. Additional NDI was performed in the vicinity of the 

BVID with the cube on it's side prior to being rotated back to the test position and reinstalling DCDTs. 

The pressure cube was then pressurized until catastrophic failure occurred. NDI was performed on what 

remained of the cube after the catastrophic failure.

Test Data

As described in the test set-up section, data was collected on the pressure cube using DCDTs, strain 

gages and VIC. Data was collected for all test loads; the two 0.5P check-out tests, the 1P test, the 2.2P test 

and the test to failure. Plots of all DCDT and strain gage test data for all five of the test loads is provided 

for reference in Appendices A through E. The two check-out tests were uneventful, as was expected since 

the load level was low. Data for the two check-out tests is provided in Appendices A and B. The third 

loading took the pressure cube to 1P, and the maximum center-of-panel displacement measured by the 

DCDTs for the crown, rib and bulkhead were 0.042, 0.0098 and 0.19 inches, respectively. The only strain 

gage that showed other than smooth response was SG95AW, as shown in Figure 21. As described in 

Table 2, this gage is above a keyhole, and this slope discontinuity could be attributed to cracking or 

failure of the resin that collects between the stringer and integral cap web during infusion. The stringers 

are expected to pass through keyholes without any connection, but resin collects in the keyhole region 

providing a weak connection between the stringer and structure in which the keyhole exists (i.e. frame, 

integral cap). Therefore, testing showed no unexpected response up to 1P. Complete data for the 1P 

loading condition is presented in Appendix C.

The cube was then loaded to 2.2P. No catastrophic failure or visible damage resulted from the 2.2P 

loading. However, test data indicates that nonvisible damage did occur. DCDT6 showed significant slope 

discontinuities in the displacement-load relationship at about 16 and 19 psi, as shown in Figure 22. The 
5

strain gage results in the vicinity of DCDT6 show slope discontinuities at the same pressure levels, as 

shown in Figures 23-25. Also, similar behavior is seen at crown and rib gages in the mirrored locations, 

as shown in Figures 26-28. Numerous other gages showed mildly nonlinear behavior and minor slope 

discontinuities in strain level, but they were not as severe as those shown in the figures. The ultrasonic 

NDI performed after the completion of this load level (see Ref. 21) indicated that delaminations 

developed in the vicinity of the crown integral caps attached to the ribs, as shown in Figure 29, which is 

consistent with the DCDT and strain gage data that was presented. Therefore, no visible damage was 

observed, but there was internal, nonvisible damage after the 2.2P load. Complete data for the 2.2P 

loading condition is presented in Appendix D.

Lastly, the pressure cube was subjected to BVID and loaded to catastrophic failure. Throughout the 

loading, many indications of local damage were observed by the DCDTs and strain gages, but no visible 

damage was observed, and catastrophic failure did not occur until 48 psi. Complete data for the loading to 

catastrophic failure is presented in Appendix E, and results of interest are presented here. Displacement 

plots for selected DCDTs are shown in Figures 30-33, and are for the panel center displacements and 

DCDT6 that was located at one of the crown delaminations. The VIC-measured displacements at several 

pressure levels are shown in Figures 34-39 for the rib and bulkhead. VIC-measured displacements just 

prior to catastrophic failure are shown in Figures 40 and 41 for the rib and bulkhead, respectively, with a 

close-up of the BVID region shown in Figure 42. No effect of the BVID presence can be seen in Figure 

42. A large number of strain gages exhibited nonlinear behavior or small slope discontinuities in the strain 

level, but the majority of these recorded very small strain levels, in many cases on the order of a few 

hundred microstrain. The maximum strains observed were on the bulkhead frame in the vicinity of a 

keyhole and on the cap, as shown in Figures 43-44. In the vicinity of the keyhole, the strain exhibited 

instantaneous slope discontinuity, increasing from -4,000 με to -12,000 με at 45.7 psi for SG83BW, and 

from -5,000 με to -12,000 με from 47 to 48 psi for SG75BW. However, at the keyhole, local failures 

would be expected due to the stress concentration, but these local failures do not necessarily lead to 

catastrophic failure. The maximum strains in the frame caps were approximately -10,000 με as seen in 

Figures 45-46. Figures 47-50 show the response of the strain gages in the vicinity of the two delamination 

locations on the crown panel, where continued delamination growth can be identified as indicated by the 

slope discontinuities in strain recorded by the gages. Nonlinear behavior of the skin is demonstrated by 

the strain gage plots shown in Figures 51 and 52, for gages located near the center of the gray bulkhead. 

However, the strains for these gages are well wthin the spcified allowable values, as are almost all of the 

strains recorded by the gages. Finally, the pressure cube after failure is shown in Figure 53. In addition to 

the composite failure, failure in the aluminum connection between the crown panel and speckled rib 

frames was found, as shown in Figure 54. Frame buckling of the specked rib frame attached to the failed 

aluminum connection is observed as shown in Figure 55.

Discussion and Conclusions

This document presents the complete displacement and strain gage data for the PRSEUS pressure cube 

test conducted at the NASA LaRC COLTS test facility. For the two checkout loading conditions, up to 

0.5P pressure, no abnormal behavior of the cube was observed. In the third loading condition, which was 

pressurized up to 1P, normal and smooth response was observed for all displacements and strains except 

for strain gage SG95AW, where several slope discontinuities in strain were seen, but strain levels 

remained less than 720 microstrain. The cube was presurized a fourth time up to a load level of 2.2P. 

During this fourth loading, displacement and strain slope discontinuities were observed. Subsequent NDE 

identified delaminations in the vicinity of the crown integral caps that connect the crown to the ribs. The 

final loading was to catastrophic failure after BVID was introduced into the integral cap attaching the 

speckled rib to the speckled bulkhead. Numerous nonlinear strain responses, including slope 

discontinuities in strain, were observed. However, the majority of the strains recorded remained within 
6

the allowable strain levels. Also, no effect of the BVID presence was observed in the VIC data or strain 

gage data. The initial most likely final failure sequence is speculative due to the fact that the failure 

occurred instantaneously and there were no indications by the instrumentation from which to draw clear 

conclusions. However, catastrophic first failure of the frame fitting is supported by the analysis, test data

and observed failure modes.

22 A possible future effort could entail examiniation of the data presented 

herein in conjunction with the AE and NDE data presented in References 19 and 21, respectively, to 

provide better insight into the failure sequence of the pressure cube.

References

1

Liebeck, R., “Design of the Blended-Wing-Body Subsonic Transport,” Paper AIAA-2002-0002, 40th AIAA 

Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, January 14-17, 2002.

2

Liebeck, R., “Design of the Blended Wing Body Subsonic Transport,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 41, No. 1, JanuaryFebruary, 2004, pp. 10-25.

3

Lovejoy, A., “Optimization of Blended Wing Body Composite Panels Using Both NASTRAN and Genetic 

Algorithm,” NASA-CR-214515, October 2006.

4

Mukhopadhyay, V., “Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) Fuselage Structural Design for Weight Reduction,” AIAA Paper 

2005-2349, 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, 

Austin, Texas, April 18-21, 2005.

5

Velicki, Alex, and Hansen, Dan, “Novel Blended Wing Body Structural Concepts,” NRA-03-LaRC-02 Maturation 

for Advanced Aerodynamic and Structures Technologies for Subsonic Transport Aircraft: Phase I Final Report, 

July 13, 2004.

6

Mukhopadhyay, V., Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, J., Kosaka, I., Quinn, G., and Charpentier, C., "Analysis Design and 

Optimization of Non-cylindrical Fuselage for Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) Vehicle,” AIAA Paper 2002-5664, 9th 

AIAA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Atlanta, Georgia, September 4-6, 

2002.

7

Vitali, R., Park, O., Haftka, R. T., Sankar, B. V., and Rose, C. A., “Structural Optimization of a Hat-Stiffened Panel 

Using Response Surfaces,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 39, No. 1, January-February, 2002, pp. 158-166.

8

Engels, H., Becker, W., and Morris, A., “Implementation of a Multi-level Optimisation Methodology Within the Edesign of a Blended Wing Body,” Aerospace Science and Technology, Volume 8, 2004, pp. 145-153.

9

Velicki, A., “Damage Arresting Composites for Shaped Vehicles, Phase I Final Report,” NASA CR-2009-215932, 

September 2009.

10Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP), Delivery Order 0059: Multi-role Bomber Structural 

Analysis, AFRL-VA-WP-TR-2006-3067, K. Hoffman, MAY 2006, Final Report for 14 December 2004 – 08 May 

2006, AFRL-VA-WP-TR-2006-3067.

11Karal, M., “AST Composite Wing Study – Executive Summary,” NASA/CR-2001-210650, Prepared for NASA, 

Langley Research Center under Contract NAS1-20546, March 2001.

12Velicki, A. and Thrash, P. J., “Advanced Structural Concept Development Using Stitched Composites,” 49th 

AIAA/ASME/ASCE/SHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, 7-10 April 2008, 

Schaumburg, Illinois, AIAA Paper 2008-2329.
7

13Jegley, D., “Influence of Impact Damage on Carbon-Epoxy Stiffener Crippling,” American Society for 

Composites meeting, September 2010, Dayton, OH.

14Velicki, A., Yovanof, N., Baraja, J., Linton, K., Li, V., Hawley, A., Thrash, P., DeCoux, S. and Pickell, R., 

“Damage Arresting Composites for Shaped Vehicles – Phase II Final Report,” NASA CR-2011-216880, January 

2011.

15Lovejoy, A. E., Rouse, M., Linton, K. A., and Li, V. P., " Pressure Testing of a Minimum Gauge PRSEUS Panel." 

AIAA-2011-1813, 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials 

Conference, Denver, Colorado, April 4-7, 2011.

16

Ambur, D. A., Rouse, M., Starnes, J. H., and Shuart, M. J., “Facilities for Combined Loads Testing of Aircraft 

Structures to Satisfy Structural Technology Development Requirements,” 5th NASA/DoD Advanced Composites 

Technology Conference, Seattle, WA, August 22-25, 1994.

17

McGowan, D. M., Ambur, D. R, and McNeil, S. R., “Full-field Structural Response of Composite Structures: 

Analysis and Experiment,” 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS Structures, Dynamics and Material Conference, AIAA 

2003-1623, Norfolk, Virginia, April 2003.

18

Correlated Solutions, Inc., 120 Kaminer Way Parkway Suite A, Columbia, SC 29210 

(http://www.correlatedsolutions.com).

19Horne, Michael R., and Madaras, Eric I., " Evaluation of Acoustic Emission SHM of PRSEUS Composite Pressure 

Cube Tests," NASA TM-2013-217993, May, 2013.

20

Davis, Brian, "PRSEUS Pressure Cube Vibration Test Finite Element Analysis," AS&M # 2047-118, Analytical 

Services & Materials, Inc., Hampgon, VA, March 1, 2012.

21

Johnston, Patrick H., "Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of PRSEUS Pressure Cube Article in Support of Load 

Test to Failure," NASA TM-2013-217799, May, 2013.

22

Yovanov, Nicolette, Lovejoy, Andrew, Baraja, Jaime, and Gould, Kevin. "Design, Analysis and Testing of a 

PRSEUS Pressure Cube to Investigate Assembly Joints," 2012 Airworthiness & Sustainment Conference, 

Baltimore, Maryland, April 2-5, 2012.
8

Tables

Table 1: Descriptions of cube DCDT locations.

DCDT Panel Description

1 Crown Centered on frame, centered over integral cap

2 Crown Centered on frame, centered over integral cap

3 Crown Centered on frame, centered over integral cap

4 Crown Centered on frame, centered over integral cap

5 Crown Centered on frame, centered over center stringer

6 Crown Centered on integral cap, center of crown panel width

7 Crown Geometric center of panel

8 Crown Centered on center stringer, centered between frame and integral cap

9 Crown Centered on center stringer, adjacent to crown panel edge

10 Gray Bulkhead Centered between crown and floor panels, centered on bulkhead panel width

11 Gray Rib Centered between crown and floor panels, centered on rib panel width

Table 2: Descriptions of cube strain gage locations.

Strain Gage Panel Description

SG1AC Floor

Centered on frame adjacent to gray bulkhead, top of frame cap, 

parallel to frame direction

SG1BS Floor

Centered on frame adjacent to gray bulkhead, inside skin sufrace, 

parallel to frame direction

SG2AC Floor

Centered on frame adjacent to speckled bulkhead, top of frame cap, 

parallel to frame direction

SG2BS Floor

Centered on frame adjacent to speckled bulkhead, inside skin sufrace, 

parallel to frame direction

SG3AC Floor

Centered on stringer adjacent to speckled rib, top of stringer cap, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG3BS Floor

Centered on stringer adjacent to speckled rib, inside skin sufrace, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG4AC Floor

Centered on stringer adjacent to gray rib, top of stringer cap, parallel 

to stringer direction

SG4BS Floor

Centered on stringer adjacent to gray rib, inside skin sufrace, parallel 

to stringer direction

SG5BW Floor

Centered on stringer adjacent to gray rib, outside surface of stringer 

web, parallel to stringer direction

SG6BW Floor

Centered on stringer adjacent to gray rib, inside surface of stringer 

web, parallel to stringer direction

SG7BW Floor

Centered on stringer adjacent to speckled rib, outside surface of 

stringer web, parallel to stringer direction

SG8BW Floor

Centered on stringer adjacent to speckled rib, inside surface of stringer 

web, parallel to stringer direction

SG9AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin adjacent to first stringer 

flange on gray rib side, parallel to stringer direction

SG9BS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin adjacent to first stringer 

flange on gray rib side, parallel to stringer direction

SG10AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin adjacent to first stringer 

flange on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG10BS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin adjacent to first stringer 

flange on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction
9

Strain Gage Panel Description

SG11BW Crown

Centered between bulkheads, top of stringer adjacent to gray rib, web 

outer surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG12BW Crown

Centered between bulkheads, top of stringer adjacent to gray rib, web 

inner surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG13AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on gray rib side, parallel to stringer direction

SG13BS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on gray rib side, parallel to stringer direction

SG14AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG14BS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG15AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on center stringer, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG15BC Crown

Centered between bulkheads, top of stringer rod of center stringer, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG16AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on speckled rib side, parallel to stringer direction

SG16BS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on speckled rib side, parallel to stringer direction

SG17AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on speckled rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG17BS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on speckled rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG18BW Crown

Centered between bulkheads, top of stringer web inner surface 

adjacent to speckled rib, parallel to stringer direction

SG19BW Crown

Centered between bulkheads, top of stringer web outer surface 

adjacent to speckled rib, parallel to stringer direction

SG20AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin adjacent to first stringer 

flange on speckled rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG20BS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin adjacent to first stringer 

flange on speckled rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG21AS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin adjacent to first stringer 

flange on speckled rib side, parallel to stringer direction

SG21BS Crown

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin adjacent to first stringer 

flange on speckled rib side, parallel to stringer direction

SG22AS Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame flanges, adjacent to 

speckled bulkhead on gray rib side, outer skin, parallel to frame 

direction

SG22BF Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame flanges, adjacent to 

speckled bulkhead on gray rib side, inner surface, parallel to frame 

direction

SG23AS Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame flanges, adjacent to 

speckled bulkhead on speckled rib side, outer skin, parallel to stringer 

direction

SG23BF Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame flanges, adjacent to 

speckled bulkhead on speckled rib side, inner surface, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG24BW Crown

Centered above center stringer, top of inner web surface of frame, 

adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG25BW Crown

Centered above center stringer, top of outer web surface of frame, 

adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG26AS Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame flanges, adjacent to 

gray bulkhead on gray rib side, outer skin, parallel to frame direction
10

Strain Gage Panel Description

SG26BF Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame flanges, adjacent to 

gray bulkhead on gray rib side, inner surface, parallel to frame 

direction

SG27AS Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame flanges, adjacent to 

gray bulkhead on speckled rib side, outer skin, parallel to stringer 

direction

SG27BF Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame flanges, adjacent to 

gray bulkhead on speckled rib side, inner surface, parallel to stringer 

direction

SG28AS Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and integral cap flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on gray rib side, outer skin, parallel to stringer 

direction

SG28BF Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and integral cap flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on gray rib side, inner surface, parallel to stringer 

direction

SG29AS Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and integral cap flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on speckled rib side, outer skin, parallel to stringer 

direction

SG29BF Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and integral cap flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on speckled rib side, inner surface, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG30BW Crown

Beside 3rd stringer from gray rib rod, inner web surface of frame, 

adjacent to gray bulkhead, parallel to frame height direction

SG31BW Crown

Centered just above 3rd stringer from gray rib, inner web surface of 

frame, adjacent to gray bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG32BW Crown

Centered above center stringer, top of inner web surface of frame, 

adjacent to gray bulkhead rib, parallel to frame direction

SG33BW Crown

Centered above center stringer, top of outer web surface of frame, 

adjacent to gray bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG34AS Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and integral cap flanges, adjacent 

to speckled bulkhead on gray rib side, outer skin, parallel to stringer 

direction

SG34BF Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and integral cap flanges, adjacent 

to speckled bulkhead on gray rib side, inner surface, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG35AS Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and integral cap flanges, adjacent 

to speckled bulkhead on speckled rib side, outer skin, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG35BF Crown

Intersection corner of center stringer and integral cap flanges, adjacent 

to speckled bulkhead on speckled rib side, inner surface, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG36BW Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, on stringer adjacent to crown panel, top 

of web outer surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG37BW Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, on stringer adjacent to crown panel, top 

of web inner surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG38AS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on crown panel side, parallel to frame direction

SG38BS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on crown panel side, parallel to frame direction

SG39AS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on crown panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG39BS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on crown panel side, parallel to stringer direction
11

Strain Gage Panel Description

SG40AS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on center stringer, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG40BC Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, top of stringer rod of center stringer, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG41AS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on floor panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG41BS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on floor panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG42AS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on floor panel side, parallel to frame direction

SG42BS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

center stringer on floor panel side, parallel to frame direction

SG43BW Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, on stringer adjacent to crown panel, top 

of web outer surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG44BW Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, on stringer adjacent to crown panel, top 

of web inner surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG45AS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

bottom stringer on floor panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG45BS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

bottom stringer on floor panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG46AS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 

bottom stringer on floor panel side, parallel to frame direction

SG46BS Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 

bottom stringer on floor panel side, parallel to frame direction

SG47AS Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame inner flanges, adjacent 

to speckled bulkhead on floor side, outer skin, parallel to frame 

direction

SG47BF Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame inner flanges, adjacent 

to speckled bulkhead on floor side, inner surface, parallel to frame 

direction

SG48AS Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame inner flanges, adjacent 

to speckled bulkhead on crown panel side, outer skin, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG48BF Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame inner flanges, adjacent 

to speckled bulkhead on crown panel side, inner surface, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG49BW Gray rib

Frame adjacent to speckled bulkhead, centered above stringer 4, top of 

web inner surface

SG50BW Gray rib

Frame adjacent to speckled bulkhead, centered above stringer 4, top of 

web outer surface

SG51BW Gray rib

Beside bottom stringer rod, inner web surface of frame, adjacent to 

speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame height direction

SG52BW Gray rib

Centered just above bottom stringer, inner web surface of frame, 

adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG53AS Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame inner flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on floor side, outer skin, parallel to frame direction

SG53BF Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame inner flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on floor side, inner surface, parallel to frame 

direction

SG54AS Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame inner flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on crown panel side, outer skin, parallel to stringer 

direction
12

Strain Gage Panel Description

SG54BF Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame inner flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on crown panel side, inner surface, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG55BW Gray rib

Frame adjacent to gray bulkhead, centered above 4th stringer from 

bottom, top of web inner surface, parallel to frame

SG56BW Gray rib

Frame adjacent to gray bulkhead, centered above 4th stringer from 

bottom, top of web outer surface, parallel to frame

SG57BW Gray rib

Beside bottom stringer rod, inner web surface of frame, adjacent to 

gray bulkhead, parallel to frame height direction

SG58BW Gray rib

Centered just above bottom stringer, inner web surface of frame, 

adjacent to gray bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG59AS Gray rib

Centered on bottom stringer and frame, outer skin, adjacent to gray 

bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG59BC Gray rib

Centered above bottom stringer, top of frame, adjacent to gray 

bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG60AS Gray rib

Centered on bottom stringer and frame, outer skin, adjacent to 

speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG60BC Gray rib

Centered above bottom stringer, top of frame, adjacent to speckled 

bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG61BW Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, top of stringer adjacent to crown panel, web 

outer surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG62BW Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, top of stringer adjacent to crown panel, web 

inner surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG63AS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, outer skin centered on bay between center pair 

of stringers, parallel to frame direction

SG63BS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, inner skin centered on bay between center pair 

of stringers, parallel to frame direction

SG64AS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, outer skin centered on bay between center pair 

of stringers, parallel to stringer direction

SG64BS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, inner skin centered on bay between center pair 

of stringers, parallel to stringer direction

SG65AS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, outer skin centered on 4th stringer from 

bottom, parallel to stringer direction

SG65BC Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, top of stringer rod of 4th stringer from bottom, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG66AS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 4th 

stringer from bottom on floor panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG66BS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 4th 

stringer from bottom on floor panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG67AS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, outer skin centered on bay adjacent to 4th 

stringer from bottom on floor panel side, parallel to frame direction

SG67BS Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, inner skin centered on bay adjacent to 4th 

stringer from bottom on floor panel side, parallel to frame direction

SG68BW Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, top of stringer adjacent to floor, web inner 

surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG69BW Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, top of stringer adjacent to floor, web outer 

surface, parallel to stringer direction

SG70AS Gray bulkhead

Centered on frame adjacent to speckled rib and 4th stringer from 

bottom, outer skin, parallel to frame

SG70BC Gray bulkhead

Frame adjacent to speckled rib, centered above 4th stringer from 

bottom, top of frame cap, parallel to frame

SG71BW Gray bulkhead

Frame adjacent to speckled rib, centered above 4th stringer from 

bottom, top of web inner surface, parallel to frame
13

Strain Gage Panel Description

SG72BW Gray bulkhead

Frame adjacent to speckled rib, centered above 4th stringer 4from 

bottom, top of web outer surface, parallel to frame

SG73AS Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame inner 

flanges, adjacent to speckled rib on floor side, outer skin, parallel to 

frame direction

SG73BF Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame inner 

flanges, adjacent to speckled rib on floor side, inner surface, parallel to 

frame direction

SG74AS Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame inner 

flanges, adjacent to speckled rib on crown panel side, outer skin, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG74BF Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame inner 

flanges, adjacent to speckled rib on crown panel side, inner surface, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG75BW Gray bulkhead

Beside 2nd stringer from bottom rod, inner web surface of frame, 

adjacent to speckled rib, parallel to frame height direction

SG76BW Gray bulkhead

Centered just above 2nd stringer from bottom, inner web surface of 

frame, adjacent to speckled rib, parallel to frame direction

SG77AS Gray bulkhead

Centered on frame adjacent to gray rib and 4th stringer from bottom, 

outer skin, parallel to frame

SG77BC Gray bulkhead

Frame adjacent to gray rib, centered above 4th stringer from bottom, 

top of frame cap, parallel to frame

SG78BW Gray bulkhead

Frame adjacent to gray rib, centered above 4th stringer from bottom, 

top of web inner surface, parallel to frame

SG79BW Gray bulkhead

Frame adjacent to gray rib, centered above 4th stringer 4from bottom, 

top of web outer surface, parallel to frame

SG80AS Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame inner 

flanges, adjacent to gray rib on crown panel side, outer skin, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG80BF Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame inner 

flanges, adjacent to gray rib on crown panel side, inner surface, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG81AS Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame inner 

flanges, adjacent to gray rib on floor side, outer skin, parallel to frame 

direction

SG81BF Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame inner 

flanges, adjacent to gray rib on floor side, inner surface, parallel to 

frame direction

SG82BW Gray bulkhead

Centered just above 2nd stringer from bottom, inner web surface of 

frame, adjacent to gray rib, parallel to frame direction

SG83BW Gray bulkhead

Beside 2nd stringer from bottom rod, inner web surface of frame, 

adjacent to gray rib, parallel to frame height direction

SG84AW Speckled rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer cap surface at top against tangency 

point, parallel to frame direction

SG84BW Speckled rib

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin surface against edge of skin, 

parallel to frame direction

SG85AW Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, outer cap surface at top against tangency 

point, parallel to frame direction

SG85BW Gray rib

Centered between bulkheads, inner skin surface against edge of skin, 

parallel to frame direction

SG86AW Gray bulkhead

Centered between ribs, outer cap surface, just below stringer, parallel 

to stringer direction

SG87AW Gray bulkhead

Beside center stringer, outer cap surface at top against tangency point, 

on speckled rib side, parallel to frame direction
14

Strain Gage Panel Description

SG88AW Gray bulkhead

Beside center stringer, outer cap surface at top against tangency point, 

on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG89AW Gray bulkhead

Close to center stringer below flange edge, outer cap surface at level 

of SG87AW, on speckled rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG89BW Gray bulkhead

Close to center stringer below flange edge, inner skin surface at edge 

of skin, on speckled rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG90AW Speckled bulkhead

Centered between ribs, outer cap surface, just below stringer, parallel 

to stringer direction

SG91AW Speckled bulkhead

Speckled bulkhead, beside center stringer, outer cap surface at top 

against tangency point, on speckled rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG92AW Speckled bulkhead

Speckled bulkhead, beside center stringer, outer cap surface at top 

against tangency point, on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG93AW Speckled bulkhead

Close to center stringer below flange edge, outer cap surface at level 

of SG92AW, on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG93BW Speckled bulkhead

Close to center stringer below flange edge, inner skin surface at edge 

of skin, on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG94AW Gray bulkhead

Close to speckled rib center stringer at flange edge, outer cap surface 

at level of SG96AW, on floor side, parallel to stringer direction

SG94BW Gray bulkhead

Close to speckled rib center stringer at flange edge, inner skin surface 

at edge of skin, on floor side, parallel to stringer direction

SG95AW Gray bulkhead

Gray bulkhead, adjacent to speckled rib center stringer rod, outer cap 

surface, parallel to frame direction

SG96AW Gray bulkhead

Beside speckled rib center stringer, outer cap surface at side against 

tangency point, on floor side, parallel to stringer direction

SG97AW Gray bulkhead

Close to gray rib center stringer at flange edge, outer cap surface at 

level of SG96AW, on crown side, parallel to stringer direction

SG97BW Gray bulkhead

Close to gray rib center stringer at flange edge, inner skin surface at 

edge of skin, on crown side, parallel to stringer direction

SG98AW Gray bulkhead

Gray bulkhead, adjacent to gray rib center stringer rod, outer cap 

surface, parallel to frame direction

SG99AW Gray bulkhead

Beside gray rib center stringer, outer cap surface at side against 

tangency point, on floor side, parallel to stringer direction

SG100BW Gray rib

Beside bottom stringer rod, outer web surface of frame, adjacent to 

gray bulkhead, parallel to frame height direction

SG101BW Gray rib

Centered just above bottom stringer, outer web surface of frame, 

adjacent to gray bulkhead rib, parallel to frame direction

SG102BF Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame outer 

flanges, adjacent to speckled rib on crown panel side, inner surface, 

parallel to stringer direction

SG103BF Gray bulkhead

Intersection corner of 4th stringer from bottom and frame outer 

flanges, adjacent to speckled rib on floor side, inner surface, parallel to 

frame direction

SG104BF Gray bulkhead

Beside 2nd stringer from bottom rod, outer web surface of frame, 

adjacent to gray rib, parallel to frame height direction

SG105BF Gray bulkhead

Centered just above 2nd stringer from bottom, outer web surface of 

frame, adjacent to gray rib, parallel to frame direction

SG106BW Crown

Beside 2nd stringer from gray rib rod, outer web surface of frame, 

adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame height direction

SG107BW Crown

Centered just above 2nd stringer from gray rib, outer web surface of 

frame, adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG108BW Crown

Beside 3rd stringer from gray rib rod, outer web surface of frame, 

adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame height direction

SG109BW Crown

Centered just above 3rd stringer from gray rib, outer web surface of 

frame, adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame direction
15

Strain Gage Panel Description

SG110BF Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame outer flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on crown panel side, inner surface, parallel to 

stringer direction

SG111BF Gray rib

Intersection corner of center stringer and frame outer flanges, adjacent 

to gray bulkhead on floor side, inner surface, parallel to frame 

direction

SG113BW Crown

Beside 3rd stringer from gray rib rod, inner web surface of frame, 

adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame height direction

SG114BW Crown

Centered just above 3rd stringer from gray rib, inner web surface of 

frame, adjacent to speckled bulkhead, parallel to frame direction

SG115AW Gray bulkhead

Beside speckled rib center stringer, outer cap surface at side against 

tangency point, on crown panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG116AW Gray bulkhead

Beside gray rib center stringer, outer cap surface at side against 

tangency point, on crown panel side, parallel to stringer direction

SG117AW Gray bulkhead

Close to center stringer below flange edge, outer cap surface at level 

of 88AW, on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction

SG118AW Speckled bulkhead

Close to center stringer beside SG93AW, outer cap surface at level of 

SG92AW, on gray rib side, parallel to frame direction
16

Figures

Figure 1. Typical HWB aircraft concept.

Figure 2. HWB conceptual vehicle and loading patterns.
17

Figure 3. Typical pressurized portion of a HWB aircraft concept.

Figure 4. PRSEUS stiffener intersection expanded view.
18

Phase I: Element-level Testing: 

Combined Load Environment: 

- Spanwise Axial 

- Chordwise Axial 

- Internal Pressure 

2.5-g 

Wing 

Bending 

9-g Fwd 

(Engines) 

Cabin Pressure 

(1P and 2P) 

Phase I and II: 

Analytical Trades Studies: 

• Stringer and Frame Directions 

• Static Axially Loaded (Fx and Fy) 

• Pressure Box (Fz) 

• Analytical Predictions 

 Internal 

Pressure Box 

Fy 

Pressure (Fz) 

Min 

Gauge 

Flat Comp 

Panels 

Compression 

Only 

Fx 

• Stringer and Frame Directions 

• Static Axially Loaded (Fx and Fy) 

• Analytical Predictions 

• Test Loads 

• Panel Geometry 

Phase II: Subcomponent Testing: 

• Pressure and Axial Loads (Fy and Fz) 

• Accurate BWB Representation 

• Double Deck Pressure Test 

• Risk Reduction Test Article 

Phase III: True Combined Loads Testing: 

COLTS Test Specimen 

TRL 5 - Testing in Relevant Environment 

TRL 4 - Validation by Test 

Pressure Cube 

(48-in. wide) 

Figure 5. HWB structural development building block approach.

Large-scale 

Test Article 

Cube 

Floor Pressure Cube Design 

(52-in. x 48-in. x 56-in Tall) 

Crown 

Panel 

Rib Panel 

Integral 

Caps 

Bulkhead Panel 

Removed for Clarity 

Pressure cube loads will be 

scalled up to demonstrate 

multi-bay box capability 

Figure 6. PRSEUS pressure cube is a representative section of the HWB large-scale test article.
19

a) Stringer b) Frame

Figure 7. PRSEUS panel stringer and frame cross-sections. Dimensions are in inches.
20

Figure 8. Pressure cube test set-up in the COLTS facility at NASA LaRC.
21

Figure 9. DCDT locations.
22

20AS 

20BS 

21AS 

21BS 

9AS 

9BS 

10AS 

10BS 

16AS 

16BS 

17AS 

17BS 

15AS 

15BC 

13AS 

13BS 

14AS 

14BS 

28AS 

28BF 

29AS 

29BF 

27AS 

27BF 

26AS 

26BF 

22AS 

22BF 

23AS 

23BF 

35AS 

35BF 

34AS 

34BF 

11BW 

12BW 

18BW 

19BW 

24BW 

25BW 

32BW 

33BW 

30BW 

31BW 

108BW 

109BW 

113BW 

114BW 

106BW 

107BW 

Frames 

Stringers 

Terminology: A indicates OML, B indicates IML, S indicates skin, W indicates web, F indicates flange and C indicates cap.

Figure 10. Crown strain gage locations.
23

Stringers 

Frames 

84AW 

84BW 

Terminology: A indicates OML, B indicates IML, S indicates skin, W indicates web, F indicates flange and C indicates cap.

Figure 11. Speckled rib strain gage locations.
24

Stringers 

Frames 

90AW 

91AW 

92AW 

93AW 

93BW 

118AW 

Terminology: A indicates OML, B indicates IML, S indicates skin, W indicates web, F indicates flange and C indicates cap.

Figure 12. Speckled bulkhead strain gage locations.
25

85AW 

85BW 

Stringers 

Frames 

40AS 

40BC 

41AS 

41BS 

42AS 

42BS 

38AS 

38BS 

39AS 

39BS 54AS 

54BF 

53AS 

53BF 

48AS 

48BF 

47AS 

47BF 

45AS 

45BS 

46AS 

46BS 

57BW 

58BW 

59AS 

59BC 

100BW 

101BW 

51BW 

52BW 

60AS 

60BC 

55BW 

56BW 

49BW 

50BW 

43BW 

44BW 

36BW 

37BW 

110BF 

111BF 

Terminology: A indicates OML, B indicates IML, S indicates skin, W indicates web, F indicates flange and C indicates cap.

Figure 13. Gray rib strain gage locations.
26

117AW 

Stringers 

Frames 

65AS 

65BC 

66AS 

66BS 

67AS 

67BS 

63AS 

63BS 

64AS 

64BS 74AS 

74BF 

73AS 

73BF 

80AS 

80BF 

81AS 

81BF 

75BW 

76BW 

82BW 

83BW 

104BW 

105BW 

70AS 

70BC 

71BW 

72BW 

77AS 

77BC 

78BW 

79BW 

68BW 

69BW 

94AW 

94BW 

95AW 

96AW 

115AW 

102BF 

103BF 

61BW 

62BW 

97AW 

97BW 

98AW 

99AW 

116AW 

89AW 

89BW 

86AW 

87AW 

88AW 

Terminology: A indicates OML, B indicates IML, S indicates skin, W indicates web, F indicates flange and C indicates cap.

Figure 14. Gray bulkhesd strain gage locations.
27

Terminology: A indicates OML, B indicates IML, S indicates skin, W indicates web, F indicates flange and C indicates cap.

Figure 15. Floor strain gage locations.
28

Figure 16. AE sensor placement and numbering.19
29

Figure 17. Set-up to impart BVID impact.
30

Figure 18. Relative location of the BVID with respect to the integral cap.

in.
31

Figure 19. Location of the BVID with respect to the cube.
32

a) Before impact b) After Impact

Figure 20. BVID location.

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

-800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG95AW 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 21.Response of strain gage SG95AW (OML, adjacent to stringer rod, parallel to frame) for loading up to 1P.
33

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

-2.0E-03 0.0E+00 2.0E-03 4.0E-03 6.0E-03 8.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.2E-02 

Pressure, psi 

Displacement, in. 

DCDT6 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 22. Normal displacement response of DCDT6 for loading up to 2.2P.

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

0 100 200 300 400 500 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG9AS 

SG9BS 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 23. Response of strain gages SG9AS (OML) and SG9BS (IML) for loading up to 2.2P.
34

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG10AS 

SG10BS 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 24. Response of strain gages SG10AS (OML) and SG10BS (IML) for loading up to 2.2P.

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

-2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG85AW 

SG85BW 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 25. Response of strain gages SG85AW (OML) and SG85BW (IML) for loading up to 2.2P.
35

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG20AS 

SG20BS 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 26. Response of strain gages SG20AS (OML) and SG20BS (IML) for loading up to 2.2P.

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

-100 0 100 200 300 400 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG21AS 

SG21BS 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 27. Response of strain gages SG21AS (OML) and SG21BS (IML) for loading up to 2.2P.
36

0 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG84AW 

SG84BW 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 28. Response of strain gages SG84AW (OML) and SG84BW (IML) for loading up to 2.2P.

Figure 29. Locations of delamination as identified by NDI.21
37

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-2.0E-02 0.0E+00 2.0E-02 4.0E-02 6.0E-02 8.0E-02 1.0E-01 

Pressure, psi 

Displacement, in. 

DCDT6 Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 30. Response of DCDT6 for loading up to catastrophic failure (at crown delamination location).

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-5.0E-02 0.0E+00 5.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.5E-01 2.0E-01 2.5E-01 3.0E-01 

Pressure, psi 

Displacement, in. 

DCDT7 Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 31. Response of DCDT7 for loading up to catastrophic failure (at center of crown panel).
38

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-2.0E-01 0.0E+00 2.0E-01 4.0E-01 6.0E-01 8.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.2E+00 

Pressure, psi 

Displacement, in. 

Crown DCDT10 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 32. Response of DCDT10 for loading up to catastrophic failure (at center of gray bulkhead).

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-1.0E-01 0.0E+00 1.0E-01 2.0E-01 3.0E-01 4.0E-01 5.0E-01 6.0E-01 7.0E-01 

Pressure, psi 

Displacement, in. 

DCDT11 Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 33. Response of DCDT11 for loading up to catastrophic failure (at center of gray rib).
39

X(in)

Y(in)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

-20

-10

0

10

20

w(in)

0.13

0.12

0.11

0.1

0.09

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0

Figure 34. VIC normal displacement plot for speckled rib at 9.2 psi (1P). White spaces indicate areas where VIC 

data was not recorded.

X(in)

Y(in)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

-20

-10

0

10

20

w(in)

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0

-0.02

Figure 35. VIC normal displacement plot for speckled bulkhead at 9.2 psi (1P). White spaces indicate areas where 

VIC data was not recorded.
40

X(in)

Y(in)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

-20

-10

0

10

20

w(in)

0.26

0.24

0.22

0.2

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0

-0.02

Figure 36. VIC normal displacement plot for speckled rib at 18.4 psi (2P). White spaces indicate areas where VIC 

data was not recorded.

X(in)

Y(in)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

-20

-10

0

10

20

w(in)

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

-0.05

Figure 37. VIC normal displacement plot for speckled bulkhead at 18.4 psi (2P). White spaces indicate areas where 

VIC data was not recorded.
41

X(in)

Y(in)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

-20

-10

0

10

20

w(in)

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

Figure 38. VIC normal displacement plot for speckled rib at 30.0 psi. White spaces indicate areas where VIC data

not recorded.

X(in)

Y(in)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

-20

-10

0

10

20

w(in)

0.6

0.55

0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

-0.05

-0.1

Figure 39. VIC normal displacement plot for speckled bulkhead at 30.0 psi. White spaces indicate areas where VIC 

data was not recorded.
42

X(in)

Y(in)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

-20

-10

0

10

20

w(in)

0.65

0.6

0.55

0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

-0.05

Figure 40. VIC normal displacement plot for speckled rib just prior to catastrophic failure, approximately 48 psi. 

White spaces indicate areas where VIC data not recorded.

X(in)

Y(in)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

-20

-10

0

10

20

w(in)

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

-0.1

Figure 41. VIC normal displacement plot for speckled bulkhead just prior to catastrophic failure, approximately 48 

psi. White spaces indicate areas where VIC data was not recorded.
43

X(in)

Y(in)

20 25 30 35

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

w(in)

0.24

0.22

0.2

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0

Figure 42. VIC normal displacement plot of rib BVID location just prior to catastrophic failure, approximately 48 

psi. White spaces indicate areas where VIC data was not recorded.

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG83BW Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 43. Response of strain gage SG83BW (IML, inside frame web keyhole beside rod, parallel to frame height) 

for loading up to catastrophic failure.

Approximate

Location

of	BVID
44

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG75BW Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 44. Response of strain gage SG75BW (IML, inside frame web keyhole beside rod, parallel to frame height) 

for loading up to catastrophic failure.

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-12000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG70AS 

Crown SG70BC 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 45. Response of strain gages SG70AS (OML) and SG70BC (IML, frame cap) for loading up to catastrophic 

failure.
45

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-12000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG77AS 

Crown SG77BC 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 46. Response of strain gages SG77AS (OML) and SG77BC (IML, frame cap) for loading up to catastrophic 

failure.

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG9AS 

SG9BS Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 47. Response of strain gages SG9AS (OML) and SG9BS (IML) for loading up to catastrophic failure.
46

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG10AS 

SG10BS 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 48. Response of strain gages SG10AS (OML) and SG10BS (IML) for loading up to catastrophic failure.

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG20AS 

SG20BS Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 49. Response of strain gages SG20AS (OML) and SG20BS (IML) for loading up to catastrophic failure.
47

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG21AS 

SG21BS 

Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 50. Response of strain gages SG21AS (OML) and SG21BS (IML) for loading up to catastrophic failure.

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG64AS 

Crown SG64BS 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 51. Response of strain gages SG64AS (OML) and SG64BS (IML) for loading up to catastrophic failure.
48

-10 

0 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

-1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 

Pressure, psi 

Strain, μ!"

SG66AS 

SG66BS Crown 

Speckled 

Bulkhead 

Speckled 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib Gray 

Bulkhead 

Figure 52. Response of strain gages SG66AS (OML) and SG66BS (IML) for loading up to catastrophic failure.
49

Frames 

Specked 

Rib 

Gray 

Rib 

Crown 

Stringers 

Figure 53. Failed pressure cube, speckled bulkhead panel blown off.
50

Failed Fitting 

Location 

a) Location of failed fitting in cube, crown frame to speckled rib frame

b) Outside fitting c) Inside fitting

Figure 54. Failed frame attachment fitting between crown and speckled rib in pressure cube.
51

Failed Fitting 

Location 

Failed Indicative of 

Frame Buckling 

Figure 55. Indication of local buckling of speckled rib frame attached to the failed frame fitting.
A1

Appendix A:

Checkout Test 1 DCDT and Strain Gage Plots
A2

Figure A1. Checkout test 1, DCDT1.

Figure A2. Checkout test 1, DCDT2.

Figure A3. Checkout test 1, DCDT3.

Figure A4. Checkout test 1, DCDT4.
A3

Figure A5. Checkout test 1, DCDT5.

Figure A6. Checkout test 1, DCDT6.

Figure A7. Checkout test 1, DCDT7.

Figure A8. Checkout test 1, DCDT8.
A4

Figure A9. Checkout test 1, DCDT9.

Figure A10. Checkout test 1, DCDT10.

Figure A11. Checkout test 1, DCDT11.

Figure A12. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG1AC and SG1BS.
A5

Figure A13. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG2AC and SG2BS.

Figure A14. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG3AC and SG3BS.

Figure A15. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG4AC and SG4BS.

Figure A16. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG5BW.
A6

Figure A17. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG6BW.

Figure A18. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG7BW.

Figure A19. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG8BW.

Figure A20. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG9AS and SG9BS.
A7

Figure A21. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG10AS and SG10BS.

Figure A22. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG11BW.

Figure A23. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG12BW.

Figure A24. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG13AS and SG13BS.
A8

Figure A25. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG14AS and SG14BS.

Figure A26. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG15AS and SG15BC.

Figure A27. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG16AS and SG16BS.

Figure A28. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG17AS and 17BS.
A9

Figure A29. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG18BW.

Figure A30. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG19BW.

Figure A31. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG20AS and SG20BS.

Figure A32. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG21AS and SG21BS.
A10

Figure A33. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG22AS and SG22BF.

Figure A34. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG23AS and SG23BF.

Figure A35. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG24BW.

Figure A36. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG25BW.
A11

Figure A37. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG26AS and SG26BF.

Figure A38. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG27AS and SG27BF.

Figure A39. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG28AS and SG28BF.

Figure A40. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG29AS and SG29BF.
A12

Figure A41. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG30BW.

Figure A42. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG31BW.

Figure A43. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG32BW.

Figure A44. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG33BW.
A13

Figure A45. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG34AS and SG34BF.

Figure A46. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG35AS and SG35BF.

Figure A47. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG36BW.

Figure A48. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG37BW.
A14

Figure A49. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG38AS and SG38BS.

Figure A50. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG39AS and SG39BS.

Figure A51. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG40AS and SG40BC.

Figure A52. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG41AS and SG41BS.
A15

Figure A53. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG42AS and SG42BS.

Figure A54. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG43BW.

Figure A55. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG44BW.

Figure A56. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG45AS and SG45BS.
A16

Figure A57. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG46AS and SG46BS.

Figure A58. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG47AS and SG47BF.

Figure A59. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG48AS and SG48BF.

Figure A60. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG49BW.
A17

Figure A61. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG50BW.

Figure A62. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG51BW.

Figure A63. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG52BW.

Figure A64. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG53AS and SG53BF.
A18

Figure A65. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG54AS and SG54BF.

Figure A66. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG55BW.

Figure A67. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG56BW.

Figure A68. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG57BW.
A19

Figure A69. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG58BW.

Figure A70. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG59AS and SG59BC.

Figure A71. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG60AS and SG60BC.

Figure A72. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG61BW.
A20

Figure A73. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG62BW.

Figure A74. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG63AS and SG63BS.

Figure A75. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG64AS and SG64BS.

Figure A76. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG65AS and SG65BC.
A21

Figure A77. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG66AS and SG66BS.

Figure A78. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG67AS and SG67BS.

Figure A79. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG68BW.

Figure A80. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG69BW.
A22

Figure A81. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG70AS and SG70BC.

Figure A82. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG71BW.

Figure A83. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG72BW.

Figure A84. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG73AS and SG73BF.
A23

Figure A85. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG74AS and SG74BF.

Figure A86. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG75BW.

Figure A87. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG76BW.

Figure A88. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG77AS and SG77BC.
A24

Figure A89. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG78BW.

Figure A90. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG70BW.

Figure A91. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG80AS and SG80BF.

Figure A92. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG81AS and SG81BF.
A25

Figure A93. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG82BW.

Figure A94. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG83BW.

Figure A95. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG84AW and SG84BW.

Figure A96. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG85AW and SG85BW.
A26

Figure A97. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG86AW.

Figure A98. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG87AW.

Figure A99. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG88AW.

Figure A100. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG89AW and SG89BW.
A27

Figure A101. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG90AW.

Figure A102. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG91AW.

Figure A103. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG92AW.

Figure A014. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG93AW and SG93BW.
A28

Figure A105. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG94AW and SG94BW.

Figure A106. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG95AW.

Figure A107. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG96AW.

Figure A108. Checkout test 1, strain gages SG97AW and SG97BW.
A29

Figure A109. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG98AW.

Figure A110. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG99AW.

Figure A111. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG100BW.

Figure A112. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG101BW.
A30

Figure A113. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG102BF.

Figure A114. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG103BF.

Figure A115. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG104BF.

Figure A116. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG105BF.
A31

Figure A117. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG106BW.

Figure A118. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG107BW.

Figure A119. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG108BW.

Figure A120. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG109BW.
A32

Figure A121. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG110BF.

Figure A122. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG111BF.

Figure A123. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG113BW.

Figure A124. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG114BW.
A33

Figure A125. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG115AW.

Figure A126. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG116AW.

Figure A127. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG117AW.

Figure A128. Checkout test 1, strain gage SG118AW.
B1

Appendix B:

Checkout Test 2 DCDT and Strain Gage Plots
B2

Figure B1. Checkout test 2, DCDT1.

Figure B2. Checkout test 2, DCDT2.

Figure B3. Checkout test 2, DCDT3.

Figure B4. Checkout test 2, DCDT4.
B3

Figure B5. Checkout test 2, DCDT5.

Figure B6. Checkout test 2, DCDT6.

Figure B7. Checkout test 2, DCDT7.

Figure B8. Checkout test 2, DCDT8.
B4

Figure B9. Checkout test 2, DCDT9.

Figure B10. Checkout test 2, DCDT10.

Figure B11. Checkout test 2, DCDT11.

Figure B12. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG1AC and SG1BS.
B5

Figure B13. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG2AC and SG2BS.

Figure B14. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG3AC and SG3BS.

Figure B15. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG4AC and SG4BS.

Figure B16. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG5BW.
B6

Figure B17. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG6BW.

Figure B18. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG7BW.

Figure B19. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG8BW.

Figure B20. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG9AS and SG9BS.
B7

Figure B21. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG10AS and SG10BS.

Figure B22. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG11BW.

Figure B23. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG12BW.

Figure B24. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG13AS and SG13BS.
B8

Figure B25. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG14AS and SG14BS.

Figure B26. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG15AS and SG15BC.

Figure B27. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG16AS and SG16BS.

Figure B28. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG17AS and 17BS.
B9

Figure B29. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG18BW.

Figure B30. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG19BW.

Figure B31. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG20AS and SG20BS.

Figure B32. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG21AS and SG21BS.
B10

Figure B33. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG22AS and SG22BF.

Figure B34. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG23AS and SG23BF.

Figure B35. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG24BW.

Figure B36. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG25BW.
B11

Figure B37. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG26AS and SG26BF.

Figure B38. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG27AS and SG27BF.

Figure B39. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG28AS and SG28BF.

Figure B40. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG29AS and SG29BF.
B12

Figure B41. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG30BW.

Figure B42. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG31BW.

Figure B43. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG32BW.

Figure B44. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG33BW.
B13

Figure B45. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG34AS and SG34BF.

Figure B46. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG35AS and SG35BF.

Figure B47. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG36BW.

Figure B48. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG37BW.
B14

Figure B49. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG38AS and SG38BS.

Figure B50. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG39AS and SG39BS.

Figure B51. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG40AS and SG40BC.

Figure B52. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG41AS and SG41BS.
B15

Figure B53. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG42AS and SG42BS.

Figure B54. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG43BW.

Figure B55. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG44BW.

Figure B56. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG45AS and SG45BS.
B16

Figure B57. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG46AS and SG46BS.

Figure B58. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG47AS and SG47BF.

Figure B59. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG48AS and SG48BF.

Figure B60. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG49BW.
B17

Figure B61. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG50BW.

Figure B62. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG51BW.

Figure B63. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG52BW.

Figure B64. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG53AS and SG53BF.
B18

Figure B65. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG54AS and SG54BF.

Figure B66. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG55BW.

Figure B67. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG56BW.

Figure B68. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG57BW.
B19

Figure B69. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG58BW.

Figure B70. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG59AS and SG59BC.

Figure B71. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG60AS and SG60BC.

Figure B72. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG61BW.
B20

Figure B73. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG62BW.

Figure B74. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG63AS and SG63BS.

Figure B75. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG64AS and SG64BS.

Figure B76. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG65AS and SG65BC.
B21

Figure B77. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG66AS and SG66BS.

Figure B78. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG67AS and SG67BS.

Figure B79. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG68BW.

Figure B80. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG69BW.
B22

Figure B81. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG70AS and SG70BC.

Figure B82. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG71BW.

Figure B83. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG72BW.

Figure B84. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG73AS and SG73BF.
B23

Figure B85. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG74AS and SG74BF.

Figure B86. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG75BW.

Figure B87. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG76BW.

Figure B88. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG77AS and SG77BC.
B24

Figure B89. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG78BW.

Figure B90. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG70BW.

Figure B91. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG80AS and SG80BF.

Figure B92. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG81AS and SG81BF.
B25

Figure B93. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG82BW.

Figure B94. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG83BW.

Figure B95. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG84AW and SG84BW.

Figure B96. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG85AW and SG85BW.
B26

Figure B97. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG86AW.

Figure B98. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG87AW.

Figure B99. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG88AW.

Figure B100. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG89AW and SG89BW.
B27

Figure B101. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG90AW.

Figure B102. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG91AW.

Figure B103. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG92AW.

Figure B104. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG93AW and SG93BW.
B28

Figure B105. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG94AW and SG94BW.

Figure B106. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG95AW.

Figure B107. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG96AW.

Figure B108. Checkout test 2, strain gages SG97AW and SG97BW.
B29

Figure B109. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG98AW.

Figure B110. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG99AW.

Figure B111. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG100BW.

Figure B112. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG101BW.
B30

Figure B113. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG102BF.

Figure B114. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG103BF.

Figure B115. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG104BF.

Figure B116. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG105BF.
B31

Figure B117. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG106BW.

Figure B118. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG107BW.

Figure B119. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG108BW.

Figure B120. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG109BW.
B32

Figure B121. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG110BF.

Figure B122. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG111BF.

Figure B123. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG113BW.

Figure B124. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG114BW.
B33

Figure B125. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG115AW.

Figure B126. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG116AW.

Figure B127. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG117AW.

Figure B128. Checkout test 2, strain gage SG118AW.
C1

Appendix C:

1P Test DCDT and Strain Gage Plots
C2

Figure C1. 1P test, DCDT1.

Figure C2. 1P test, DCDT2.

Figure C3. 1P test, DCDT3.

Figure C4. 1P test, DCDT4.
C3

Figure C5. 1P test, DCDT5.

Figure C6. 1P test, DCDT6.

Figure C7. 1P test, DCDT7.

Figure C8. 1P test, DCDT8.
C4

Figure C9. 1P test, DCDT9.

Figure C10. 1P test, DCDT10.

Figure C11. 1P test, DCDT11.

Figure C12. 1P test, strain gages SG1AC and SG1BS.
C5

Figure C13. 1P test, strain gages SG2AC and SG2BS.

Figure C14. 1P test, strain gages SG3AC and SG3BS.

Figure C15. 1P test, strain gages SG4AC and SG4BS.

Figure C16. 1P test, strain gage SG5BW.
C6

Figure C17. 1P test, strain gage SG6BW.

Figure C18. 1P test, strain gage SG7BW.

Figure C19. 1P test, strain gage SG8BW.

Figure C20. 1P test, strain gages SG9AS and SG9BS.
C7

Figure C21. 1P test, strain gages SG10AS and SG10BS.

Figure C22. 1P test, strain gage SG11BW.

Figure C23. 1P test, strain gage SG12BW.

Figure C24. 1P test, strain gages SG13AS and SG13BS.
C8

Figure C25. 1P test, strain gages SG14AS and SG14BS.

Figure C26. 1P test, strain gages SG15AS and SG15BC.

Figure C27. 1P test, strain gages SG16AS and SG16BS.

Figure C28. 1P test, strain gages SG17AS and 17BS.
C9

Figure C29. 1P test, strain gage SG18BW.

Figure C30. 1P test, strain gage SG19BW.

Figure C31. 1P test, strain gages SG20AS and SG20BS.

Figure C32. 1P test, strain gages SG21AS and SG21BS.
C10

Figure C33. 1P test, strain gages SG22AS and SG22BF.

Figure C34. 1P test, strain gages SG23AS and SG23BF.

Figure C35. 1P test, strain gage SG24BW.

Figure C36. 1P test, strain gage SG25BW.
C11

Figure C37. 1P test, strain gages SG26AS and SG26BF.

Figure C38. 1P test, strain gages SG27AS and SG27BF.

Figure C39. 1P test, strain gages SG28AS and SG28BF.

Figure C40. 1P test, strain gages SG29AS and SG29BF.
C12

Figure C41. 1P test, strain gage SG30BW.

Figure C42. 1P test, strain gage SG31BW.

Figure C43. 1P test, strain gage SG32BW.

Figure C44. 1P test, strain gage SG33BW.
C13

Figure C45. 1P test, strain gages SG34AS and SG34BF.

Figure C46. 1P test, strain gages SG35AS and SG35BF.

Figure C47. 1P test, strain gage SG36BW.

Figure C48. 1P test, strain gage SG37BW.
C14

Figure C49. 1P test, strain gages SG38AS and SG38BS.

Figure C50. 1P test, strain gages SG39AS and SG39BS.

Figure C51. 1P test, strain gages SG40AS and SG40BC.

Figure C52. 1P test, strain gages SG41AS and SG41BS.
C15

Figure C53. 1P test, strain gages SG42AS and SG42BS.

Figure C54. 1P test, strain gage SG43BW.

Figure C55. 1P test, strain gage SG44BW.

Figure C56. 1P test, strain gages SG45AS and SG45BS.
C16

Figure C57. 1P test, strain gages SG46AS and SG46BS.

Figure C58. 1P test, strain gages SG47AS and SG47BF.

Figure C59. 1P test, strain gages SG48AS and SG48BF.

Figure C60. 1P test, strain gage SG49BW.
C17

Figure C61. 1P test, strain gage SG50BW.

Figure C62. 1P test, strain gage SG51BW.

Figure C63. 1P test, strain gage SG52BW.

Figure C64. 1P test, strain gages SG53AS and SG53BF.
C18

Figure C65. 1P test, strain gages SG54AS and SG54BF.

Figure C66. 1P test, strain gage SG55BW.

Figure C67. 1P test, strain gage SG56BW.

Figure C68. 1P test, strain gage SG57BW.
C19

Figure C69. 1P test, strain gage SG58BW.

Figure C70. 1P test, strain gages SG59AS and SG59BC.

Figure C71. 1P test, strain gages SG60AS and SG60BC.

Figure C72. 1P test, strain gage SG61BW.
C20

Figure C73. 1P test, strain gage SG62BW.

Figure C74. 1P test, strain gages SG63AS and SG63BS.

Figure C75. 1P test, strain gages SG64AS and SG64BS.

Figure C76. 1P test, strain gages SG65AS and SG65BC.
C21

Figure C77. 1P test, strain gages SG66AS and SG66BS.

Figure C78. 1P test, strain gages SG67AS and SG67BS.

Figure C79. 1P test, strain gage SG68BW.

Figure C80. 1P test, strain gage SG69BW.
C22

Figure C81. 1P test, strain gages SG70AS and SG70BC.

Figure C82. 1P test, strain gage SG71BW.

Figure C83. 1P test, strain gage SG72BW.

Figure C84. 1P test, strain gages SG73AS and SG73BF.
C23

Figure C85. 1P test, strain gages SG74AS and SG74BF.

Figure C86. 1P test, strain gage SG75BW.

Figure C87. 1P test, strain gage SG76BW.

Figure C88. 1P test, strain gages SG77AS and SG77BC.
C24

Figure C89. 1P test, strain gage SG78BW.

Figure C90. 1P test, strain gage SG70BW.

Figure C91. 1P test, strain gages SG80AS and SG80BF.

Figure C92. 1P test, strain gages SG81AS and SG81BF.
C25

Figure C93. 1P test, strain gage SG82BW.

Figure C94. 1P test, strain gage SG83BW.

Figure C95. 1P test, strain gages SG84AW and SG84BW.

Figure C96. 1P test, strain gages SG85AW and SG85BW.
C26

Figure C97. 1P test, strain gage SG86AW.

Figure C98. 1P test, strain gage SG87AW.

Figure C99. 1P test, strain gage SG88AW.

Figure C100. 1P test, strain gages SG89AW and SG89BW.
C27

Figure C101. 1P test, strain gage SG90AW.

Figure C102. 1P test, strain gage SG91AW.

Figure C103. 1P test, strain gage SG92AW.

Figure C104. 1P test, strain gages SG93AW and SG93BW.
C28

Figure C105. 1P test, strain gages SG94AW and SG94BW.

Figure C106. 1P test, strain gage SG95AW.

Figure C107. 1P test, strain gage SG96AW.

Figure C108. 1P test, strain gages SG97AW and SG97BW.
C29

Figure C109. 1P test, strain gage SG98AW.

Figure C110. 1P test, strain gage SG99AW.

Figure C111. 1P test, strain gage SG100BW.

Figure C112. 1P test, strain gage SG101BW.
C30

Figure C113. 1P test, strain gage SG102BF.

Figure C114. 1P test, strain gage SG103BF.

Figure C115. 1P test, strain gage SG104BF.

Figure C116. 1P test, strain gage SG105BF.
C31

Figure C117. 1P test, strain gage SG106BW.

Figure C118. 1P test, strain gage SG107BW.

Figure C119. 1P test, strain gage SG108BW.

Figure C120. 1P test, strain gage SG109BW.
C32

Figure C121. 1P test, strain gage SG110BF.

Figure C122. 1P test, strain gage SG111BF.

Figure C123. 1P test, strain gage SG113BW.

Figure C124. 1P test, strain gage SG114BW.
C33

Figure C125. 1P test, strain gage SG115AW.

Figure C126. 1P test, strain gage SG116AW.

Figure C127. 1P test, strain gage SG117AW.

Figure C128. 1P test, strain gage SG118AW.
D1

Appendix D:

2.2P Test DCDT and Strain Gage Plots
D2

Figure D1. 2.2P test, DCDT1.

Figure D2. 2.2P test, DCDT2.

Figure D3. 2.2P test, DCDT3.

Figure D4. 2.2P test, DCDT4.
D3

Figure D5. 2.2P test, DCDT5.

Figure D6. 2.2P test, DCDT6.

Figure D7. 2.2P test, DCDT7.

Figure D8. 2.2P test, DCDT8.
D4

Figure D9. 2.2P test, DCDT9.

Figure D10. 2.2P test, DCDT10.

Figure D11. 2.2P test, DCDT11.

Figure D12. 2.2P test, strain gages SG1AC and SG1BS.
D5

Figure D13. 2.2P test, strain gages SG2AC and SG2BS.

Figure D14. 2.2P test, strain gages SG3AC and SG3BS.

Figure D15. 2.2P test, strain gages SG4AC and SG4BS.

Figure D16. 2.2P test, strain gage SG5BW.
D6

Figure D17. 2.2P test, strain gage SG6BW.

Figure D18. 2.2P test, strain gage SG7BW.

Figure D19. 2.2P test, strain gage SG8BW.

Figure D20. 2.2P test, strain gages SG9AS and SG9BS.
D7

Figure D21. 2.2P test, strain gages SG10AS and SG10BS.

Figure D22. 2.2P test, strain gage SG11BW.

Figure D23. 2.2P test, strain gage SG12BW.

Figure D24. 2.2P test, strain gages SG13AS and SG13BS.
D8

Figure D25. 2.2P test, strain gages SG14AS and SG14BS.

Figure D26. 2.2P test, strain gages SG15AS and SG15BC.

Figure D27. 2.2P test, strain gages SG16AS and SG16BS.

Figure D28. 2.2P test, strain gages SG17AS and 17BS.
D9

Figure D29. 2.2P test, strain gage SG18BW.

Figure D30. 2.2P test, strain gage SG19BW.

Figure D31. 2.2P test, strain gages SG20AS and SG20BS.

Figure D32. 2.2P test, strain gages SG21AS and SG21BS.
D10

Figure D33. 2.2P test, strain gages SG22AS and SG22BF.

Figure D34. 2.2P test, strain gages SG23AS and SG23BF.

Figure D35. 2.2P test, strain gage SG24BW.

Figure D36. 2.2P test, strain gage SG25BW.
D11

Figure D37. 2.2P test, strain gages SG26AS and SG26BF.

Figure D38. 2.2P test, strain gages SG27AS and SG27BF.

Figure D39. 2.2P test, strain gages SG28AS and SG28BF.

Figure D40. 2.2P test, strain gages SG29AS and SG29BF.
D12

Figure D41. 2.2P test, strain gage SG30BW.

Figure D42. 2.2P test, strain gage SG31BW.

Figure D43. 2.2P test, strain gage SG32BW.

Figure D44. 2.2P test, strain gage SG33BW.
D13

Figure D45. 2.2P test, strain gages SG34AS and SG34BF.

Figure D46. 2.2P test, strain gages SG35AS and SG35BF.

Figure D47. 2.2P test, strain gage SG36BW.

Figure D48. 2.2P test, strain gage SG37BW.
D14

Figure D49. 2.2P test, strain gages SG38AS and SG38BS.

Figure D50. 2.2P test, strain gages SG39AS and SG39BS.

Figure D51. 2.2P test, strain gages SG40AS and SG40BC.

Figure D52. 2.2P test, strain gages SG41AS and SG41BS.
D15

Figure D53. 2.2P test, strain gages SG42AS and SG42BS.

Figure D54. 2.2P test, strain gage SG43BW.

Figure D55. 2.2P test, strain gage SG44BW.

Figure D56. 2.2P test, strain gages SG45AS and SG45BS.
D16

Figure D57. 2.2P test, strain gages SG46AS and SG46BS.

Figure D58. 2.2P test, strain gages SG47AS and SG47BF.

Figure D59. 2.2P test, strain gages SG48AS and SG48BF.

Figure D60. 2.2P test, strain gage SG49BW.
D17

Figure D61. 2.2P test, strain gage SG50BW.

Figure D62. 2.2P test, strain gage SG51BW.

Figure D63. 2.2P test, strain gage SG52BW.

Figure D64. 2.2P test, strain gages SG53AS and SG53BF.
D18

Figure D65. 2.2P test, strain gages SG54AS and SG54BF.

Figure D66. 2.2P test, strain gage SG55BW.

Figure D67. 2.2P test, strain gage SG56BW.

Figure D68. 2.2P test, strain gage SG57BW.
D19

Figure D69. 2.2P test, strain gage SG58BW.

Figure D70. 2.2P test, strain gages SG59AS and SG59BC.

Figure D71. 2.2P test, strain gages SG60AS and SG60BC.

Figure D72. 2.2P test, strain gage SG61BW.
D20

Figure D73. 2.2P test, strain gage SG62BW.

Figure D74. 2.2P test, strain gages SG63AS and SG63BS.

Figure D75. 2.2P test, strain gages SG64AS and SG64BS.

Figure D76. 2.2P test, strain gages SG65AS and SG65BC.
D21

Figure D77. 2.2P test, strain gages SG66AS and SG66BS.

Figure D78. 2.2P test, strain gages SG67AS and SG67BS.

Figure D79. 2.2P test, strain gage SG68BW.

Figure D80. 2.2P test, strain gage SG69BW.
D22

Figure D81. 2.2P test, strain gages SG70AS and SG70BC.

Figure D82. 2.2P test, strain gage SG71BW.

Figure D83. 2.2P test, strain gage SG72BW.

Figure D84. 2.2P test, strain gages SG73AS and SG73BF.
D23

Figure D85. 2.2P test, strain gages SG74AS and SG74BF.

Figure D86. 2.2P test, strain gage SG75BW.

Figure D87. 2.2P test, strain gage SG76BW.

Figure D88. 2.2P test, strain gages SG77AS and SG77BC.
D24

Figure D89. 2.2P test, strain gage SG78BW.

Figure D90. 2.2P test, strain gage SG70BW.

Figure D91. 2.2P test, strain gages SG80AS and SG80BF.

Figure D92. 2.2P test, strain gages SG81AS and SG81BF.
D25

Figure D93. 2.2P test, strain gage SG82BW.

Figure D94. 2.2P test, strain gage SG83BW.

Figure D95. 2.2P test, strain gages SG84AW and SG84BW.

Figure D96. 2.2P test, strain gages SG85AW and SG85BW.
D26

Figure D97. 2.2P test, strain gage SG86AW.

Figure D98. 2.2P test, strain gage SG87AW.

Figure D99. 2.2P test, strain gage SG88AW.

Figure D100. 2.2P test, strain gages SG89AW and SG89BW.
D27

Figure D101. 2.2P test, strain gage SG90AW.

Figure D102. 2.2P test, strain gage SG91AW.

Figure D103. 2.2P test, strain gage SG92AW.

Figure D104. 2.2P test, strain gages SG93AW and SG93BW.
D28

Figure D105. 2.2P test, strain gages SG94AW and SG94BW.

Figure D106. 2.2P test, strain gage SG95AW.

Figure D107. 2.2P test, strain gage SG96AW.

Figure D108. 2.2P test, strain gages SG97AW and SG97BW.
D29

Figure D109. 2.2P test, strain gage SG98AW.

Figure D110. 2.2P test, strain gage SG99AW.

Figure D111. 2.2P test, strain gage SG100BW.

Figure D112. 2.2P test, strain gage SG101BW.
D30

Figure D113. 2.2P test, strain gage SG102BF.

Figure D114. 2.2P test, strain gage SG103BF.

Figure D115. 2.2P test, strain gage SG104BF.

Figure D116. 2.2P test, strain gage SG105BF.
D31

Figure D117. 2.2P test, strain gage SG106BW.

Figure D118. 2.2P test, strain gage SG107BW.

Figure D119. 2.2P test, strain gage SG108BW.

Figure D120. 2.2P test, strain gage SG109BW.
D32

Figure D121. 2.2P test, strain gage SG110BF.

Figure D122. 2.2P test, strain gage SG111BF.

Figure D123. 2.2P test, strain gage SG113BW.

Figure D124. 2.2P test, strain gage SG114BW.
D33

Figure D125. 2.2P test, strain gage SG115AW.

Figure D126. 2.2P test, strain gage SG116AW.

Figure D127. 2.2P test, strain gage SG117AW.

Figure D128. 2.2P test, strain gage SG118AW.
E1

Appendix E:

Test to Failure DCDT and Strain Gage Plots
E2

Figure E1. Test to failure, DCDT1.

Figure E2. Test to failure, DCDT2.

Figure E3. Test to failure, DCDT3.

Figure E4. Test to failure, DCDT4.
E3

Figure E5. Test to failure, DCDT5.

Figure E6. Test to failure, DCDT6.

Figure E7. Test to failure, DCDT7.

Figure E8. Test to failure, DCDT8.
E4

Figure E9. Test to failure, DCDT9.

Figure E10. Test to failure, DCDT10.

Figure E11. Test to failure, DCDT11.

Figure E12. Test to failure, strain gages SG1AC and SG1BS.
E5

Figure E13. Test to failure, strain gages SG2AC and SG2BS.

Figure E14. Test to failure, strain gages SG3AC and SG3BS.

Figure E15. Test to failure, strain gages SG4AC and SG4BS.

Figure E16. Test to failure, strain gage SG5BW.
E6

Figure E17. Test to failure, strain gage SG6BW.

Figure E18. Test to failure, strain gage SG7BW.

Figure E19. Test to failure, strain gage SG8BW.

Figure E20. Test to failure, strain gages SG9AS and SG9BS.
E7

Figure E21. Test to failure, strain gages SG10AS and SG10BS.

Figure E22. Test to failure, strain gage SG11BW.

Figure E23. Test to failure, strain gage SG12BW.

Figure E24. Test to failure, strain gages SG13AS and SG13BS.
E8

Figure E25. Test to failure, strain gages SG14AS and SG14BS.

Figure E26. Test to failure, strain gages SG15AS and SG15BC.

Figure E27. Test to failure, strain gages SG16AS and SG16BS.

Figure E28. Test to failure, strain gages SG17AS and 17BS.
E9

Figure E29. Test to failure, strain gage SG18BW.

Figure E30. Test to failure, strain gage SG19BW.

Figure E31. Test to failure, strain gages SG20AS and SG20BS.

Figure E32. Test to failure, strain gages SG21AS and SG21BS.
E10

Figure E33. Test to failure, strain gages SG22AS and SG22BF.

Figure E34. Test to failure, strain gages SG23AS and SG23BF.

Figure E35. Test to failure, strain gage SG24BW.

Figure E36. Test to failure, strain gage SG25BW.
E11

Figure E37. Test to failure, strain gages SG26AS and SG26BF.

Figure E38. Test to failure, strain gages SG27AS and SG27BF.

Figure E39. Test to failure, strain gages SG28AS and SG28BF.

Figure E40. Test to failure, strain gages SG29AS and SG29BF.
E12

Figure E41. Test to failure, strain gage SG30BW.

Figure E42. Test to failure, strain gage SG31BW.

Figure E43. Test to failure, strain gage SG32BW.

Figure E44. Test to failure, strain gage SG33BW.
E13

Figure E45. Test to failure, strain gages SG34AS and SG34BF.

Figure E46. Test to failure, strain gages SG35AS and SG35BF.

Figure E47. Test to failure, strain gage SG36BW.

Figure E48. Test to failure, strain gage SG37BW.
E14

Figure E49. Test to failure, strain gages SG38AS and SG38BS.

Figure E50. Test to failure, strain gages SG39AS and SG39BS.

Figure E51. Test to failure, strain gages SG40AS and SG40BC.

Figure E52. Test to failure, strain gages SG41AS and SG41BS.
E15

Figure E53. Test to failure, strain gages SG42AS and SG42BS.

Figure E54. Test to failure, strain gage SG43BW.

Figure E55. Test to failure, strain gage SG44BW.

Figure E56. Test to failure, strain gages SG45AS and SG45BS.
E16

Figure E57. Test to failure, strain gages SG46AS and SG46BS.

Figure E58. Test to failure, strain gages SG47AS and SG47BF.

Figure E59. Test to failure, strain gages SG48AS and SG48BF.

Figure E60. Test to failure, strain gage SG49BW.
E17

Figure E61. Test to failure, strain gage SG50BW.

Figure E62. Test to failure, strain gage SG51BW.

Figure E63. Test to failure, strain gage SG52BW.

Figure E64. Test to failure, strain gages SG53AS and SG53BF.
E18

Figure E65. Test to failure, strain gages SG54AS and SG54BF.

Figure E66. Test to failure, strain gage SG55BW.

Figure E67. Test to failure, strain gage SG56BW.

Figure E68. Test to failure, strain gage SG57BW.
E19

Figure E69. Test to failure, strain gage SG58BW.

Figure E70. Test to failure, strain gages SG59AS and SG59BC.

Figure E71. Test to failure, strain gages SG60AS and SG60BC.

Figure E72. Test to failure, strain gage SG61BW.
E20

Figure E73. Test to failure, strain gage SG62BW.

Figure E74. Test to failure, strain gages SG63AS and SG63BS.

Figure E75. Test to failure, strain gages SG64AS and SG64BS.

Figure E76. Test to failure, strain gages SG65AS and SG65BC.
E21

Figure E77. Test to failure, strain gages SG66AS and SG66BS.

Figure E78. Test to failure, strain gages SG67AS and SG67BS.

Figure E79. Test to failure, strain gage SG68BW.

Figure E80. Test to failure, strain gage SG69BW.
E22

Figure E81. Test to failure, strain gages SG70AS and SG70BC.

Figure E82. Test to failure, strain gage SG71BW.

Figure E83. Test to failure, strain gage SG72BW.

Figure E84. Test to failure, strain gages SG73AS and SG73BF.
E23

Figure E85. Test to failure, strain gages SG74AS and SG74BF.

Figure E86. Test to failure, strain gage SG75BW.

Figure E87. Test to failure, strain gage SG76BW.

Figure E88. Test to failure, strain gages SG77AS and SG77BC.
E24

Figure E89. Test to failure, strain gage SG78BW.

Figure E90. Test to failure, strain gage SG70BW.

Figure E91. Test to failure, strain gages SG80AS and SG80BF.

Figure E92. Test to failure, strain gages SG81AS and SG81BF.
E25

Figure E93. Test to failure, strain gage SG82BW.

Figure E94. Test to failure, strain gage SG83BW.

Figure E95. Test to failure, strain gages SG84AW and SG84BW.

Figure E96. Test to failure, strain gages SG85AW and SG85BW.
E26

Figure E97. Test to failure, strain gage SG86AW.

Figure E98. Test to failure, strain gage SG87AW.

Figure E99. Test to failure, strain gage SG88AW.

Figure E100. Test to failure, strain gages SG89AW and SG89BW.
E27

Figure E101. Test to failure, strain gage SG90AW.

Figure E102. Test to failure, strain gage SG91AW.

Figure E103. Test to failure, strain gage SG92AW.

Figure E104. Test to failure, strain gages SG93AW and SG93BW.
E28

Figure E105. Test to failure, strain gages SG94AW and SG94BW.

Figure E106. Test to failure, strain gage SG95AW.

Figure E107. Test to failure, strain gage SG96AW.

Figure E108. Test to failure, strain gages SG97AW and SG97BW.
E29

Figure E109. Test to failure, strain gage SG98AW.

Figure E110. Test to failure, strain gage SG99AW.

Figure E111. Test to failure, strain gage SG100BW.

Figure E112. Test to failure, strain gage SG101BW.
E30

Figure E113. Test to failure, strain gage SG102BF.

Figure E114. Test to failure, strain gage SG103BF.

Figure E115. Test to failure, strain gage SG104BF.

Figure E116. Test to failure, strain gage SG105BF.
E31

Figure E117. Test to failure, strain gage SG106BW.

Figure E118. Test to failure, strain gage SG107BW.

Figure E119. Test to failure, strain gage SG108BW.

Figure E120. Test to failure, strain gage SG109BW.
E32

Figure E121. Test to failure, strain gage SG110BF.

Figure E122. Test to failure, strain gage SG111BF.

Figure E123. Test to failure, strain gage SG113BW.

Figure E124. Test to failure, strain gage SG114BW.
E33

Figure E125. Test to failure, strain gage SG115AW.

Figure E126. Test to failure, strain gage SG116AW.

Figure E128. Test to failure, strain gage SG117AW.

Figure E128. Test to failure, strain gage SG118AW.
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved

OMB No. 0704-0188

2. REPORT TYPE 

Technical Memorandum

 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

PRSEUS Pressure Cube Test Data and Response

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

 6. AUTHOR(S)

Lovejoy, Andrew E.

 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

NASA Langley Research Center

Hampton, VA 23681-2199

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

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 REPORT NUMBER

L-20212

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NASA

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STI Help Desk (email: help@sti.nasa.gov)

14. ABSTRACT

NASA’s Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Program is examining the hybrid wing body (HWB) aircraft, among others, in an effort to increase the 

fuel efficiency of commercial aircraft. The HWB design combines features of a flying wing with features of conventional transport aircraft, and has the 

advantage of simultaneously increasing both fuel efficiency and payload. Recent years have seen an increased focus on the structural performance of the HWB. 

The key structural challenge of a HWB airframe is the ability to create a cost and weight efficient, non-circular, pressurized shell. Conventional round fuselage 

sections react cabin pressure by hoop tension. However, the structural configuration of the HWB subjects the majority of the structural panels to bi-axial, 

in-plane loads in addition to the internal cabin pressure, which requires more thorough examination and analysis than conventional transport aircraft 

components having traditional and less complex load paths. To address this issue, while keeping structural weights low, extensive use of advanced composite 

materials is made. This report presents the test data and preliminary conclusions for a pressurized cube test article that utilizes Boeing's Pultruded Rod Stitched 

Efficient Unitized Structure (PRSEUS), and which is part of the building block approach used for HWB development. 

15. SUBJECT TERMS

PRSEUS; carbon-epoxy; composite; graphite; hybrid wing body; internal pressure; stitching

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699959.02.22.07.01.01

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1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)

01- 05 - 2013