N O T FO R PUB L ICAT IO N UNITED STATES C OUR T OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH C IR C UIT
UNITED STATES OF AM ERIC A, Plaintiff - Appe lle e , v. FERM IN TOVAR -JIM ENEZ, De fe nda

nt - Appe lla

nt. No. 13-10321

D.C . No. 4:12-c r-01941-JGZLAB -1
M EM O R ANDUM *

Appe a l from

the Unite d

Stat e s Distric t C ourt for the Distric t of Ariz o na Je nnife r G. Zipps, District Judge , Pre siding Argue d a nd Subm itte d M ay

14, 2014 San Fran c isc o , C a lifornia B e fore : M c KEOW

N a nd M
. SM ITH, C irc uit Judge s , a n d R OB AR T, Distric t Judge
. ** On a ppe a l, Fe rm in Tova

r-Jim e ne z c h a lle nge s the 41-m onth se nte nc e im pose d by the distric t c ourt following his guilty ple a to ille g a l re e ntry

a fte r de porta tion in viola

tion of 8 U.S.C . § 1326. B e c a use the pa rtie s a re fam ilia r with 

# FIL E D
MAY30 2014 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U. S. CO URT O F APPEALS

* This disposition is not a ppropria te for public at ion a

nd is not pre c e de nt e xc e pt a s provide d

by 9th C ir. R . 36-3. ** The Honora

ble Ja m e s L. R o ba

rt, Distric t Judgefor the U.S. Distric t C ourt for the W e ste rn Distric t of W a shington, sitting by de signa tion.the fa c ts a

nd proc e dura l history

of this c a se , we re pe at only those fa c ts ne c e ssa

ry to
re solve the issue s ra ise d on a p pe a l. W e va c ate and re m and for re se nte nc ing. The distric t c ourt e rre d in a pply i ng a 16-le ve l se nte nc ing e nha nc e m e nt a fte r
c onc luding tha

t Tova r-Jim e n e z ’ s prior c onvic tion for ra pe of a c hild in the

third de gre e in viola

tion of R e vise d C ode of W a shington § 9A.44.079 qua lifie d a s sta tutory ra pe , a nd wa s thus a

c rim e of viole nc e unde r U.S. Se nte nc ing Guide line s M an ua l § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii). Se c tion 9A.44.079 inc lude s a s a n e le m e nt tha

t the de fe nda

nt ha d “ se xua l inte rc o urse ” with thevic t im . W a sh. R e v . C ode § 9A.44.079. Se xua l inte rc o urse is de fine d disjunc tive ly

in thre e way s unde r W a shington la w. W a s h. R e v . C ode § 9A.44.010(1). Only

two of thethre e a lte rnative s re quire pe ne tration, whe re a s one
re quire s only

“ se xua l c onta c t . . . involving the se x orga ns of one pe rson a

nd the
m outh or a

nus of a nothe r . . . .” Id. The ge ne ric de finition of se xua l inte rc ourse , howe v e r, doe s not e nc om p a ss ora l se xua l c onta c t. Se eUnite d State s v . Gome z , — F.3d — , No. 11-30262, 2014 W L 1623725, a

t *17 n.33 (9th C ir. Apr. 24, 2014). The re fore , § 9A.44.079 swe e ps m ore broa d ly tha n the ge ne ric c rim e of sta tutory

2ra

pe . 1 The distric t

c ourt a pplie d the 16-le ve l se nte n c ing e nha nc e m e nt without
c onside ring whe the r Tova r-Jim e ne z wa s c onvic te d

of the e le m e nts of ge ne ric sta tutory ra pe , inc luding thege ne ric de finition of se xua l inte rc ourse . The re fore , we va c ate the se nte n c e and re m and to the distric t c ourt to re a pply the fram e w ork from Tay lor v . Unite d State s , 495 U.S. 575 (1990), to de t e rm i ne whe the r Tova

rJim e n e zwa s c onvic te d of the e l e m e nts of ge ne ric sta tutory ra pe . Se ealso De sc amps v . Unite d State

s , 133 S. C t. 2276 (2013)

. Additionally , the gove rnm e nt c onc e de s tha t Tova r-Jim e n e z ’ s judgm e nt of
c onvic tion should be am e n de d to re fle c t a se nte nc ing e nha

n c e m e nt pursua

nt to 8 U.S.C . § 1326(b)(1), ra

the r tha n § 1326(b)(2), be c a

u se Tova r-Jim e ne z did not
a dm it to ha

ving a prior c o nvic tion tha

t qua lifie d a s a

n a ggravate d fe lony
. Fina lly , be c a

u se we re m and for re se nte nc ing, we ne e d not a ddre ss the
re m a inde r of Tova

r-Jim e ne z ’ s a

rgum e nts. VACAT E D AND RE M ANDE D.

1 Although wehe ld in Unite d State s v . Zamorano-Ponc e , 699 F.3d 1117 (9th C ir. 2012), tha

t a c onvic tion unde r § 9A.44.079 qualifie s c ate goric a lly a s ge ne ric sta tutory ra pe , we did not c o nside r whe the r se xua l inte rc ourse a s de fine d in § 9A.44.010(1) wa s a c at e goric a l m atc h for the ge ne ric de finition of se xua l inte rc o urse . 3