[Cite as State v. Eggers, 2013-Ohio-3174.]

 

 

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

 SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT 

 CLARK COUNTY 

STATE OF OHIO : 

: Appellate Case No. 2011-CA-48 

Plaintiff-Appellee : 

: Trial Court Case No. 2011-CR-40 

v. : 

: 

ADAM EGGERS : (Criminal Appeal from 

: (Common Pleas Court) 

Defendant-Appellant : 

: 

. . . . . . . . . . . 

O P I N I O N

Rendered on the 19th day of July, 2013. 

. . . . . . . . . . . 

LISA M. FANNIN, Atty. Reg. #0082337, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office, 50 East Columbia 

Street, 4th Floor, Post Office Box 1608, Springfield, Ohio 45501 

Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee 

 

CHRISTOPHER W. THOMPSON, Atty. Reg. #0055379, 130 West Second Street, Suite 1444, 

Dayton, Ohio 45402 

Attorney for Defendant-Appellant 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

 

FAIN, P.J. 

{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Adam Eggers appeals from his conviction and sentence for 

Felony Murder, following a plea bargain. Eggers contends that his guilty plea and waiver of 
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rights were not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made, due to the trial court’s failure to 

comply with Crim.R. 11 during the plea colloquy and the trial court’s mistake in sentencing 

Eggers to a term of postrelease control. We conclude that the trial court complied with Crim.R. 

11 by informing Eggers of his rights and determining that Eggers understood that a guilty plea 

waived those rights. We further conclude that the trial court erred in sentencing Eggers to 

postrelease control, but that Eggers has failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by the trial 

court’s error. Accordingly, the portion of the trial court’s judgment imposing a five-year term of 

postrelease control is Vacated, and the judgment is Affirmed in all other respects. 

I. Course of the Proceedings

{¶ 2} In May 2010, Adam Eggers fired four shots into a residence located at 926 

Southfield Avenue in Springfield, Ohio, with the intention of killing Dustin Bryant. One of the 

shots went through a wall and struck Julie Snyder, killing her instantly. Eggers was indicted on 

one count of Aggravated Murder, R.C. 2903.01(A), with a firearm specification, two counts of 

Felony Murder, R.C. 2903.02(B), each with a firearm specification, one count of Felonious 

Assault, R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), with a firearm specification, one count of Improperly Discharging a 

Firearm at or into a Habitation, R.C. 2923.161(A)(1), and one count of Improper Handling of 

Firearms in a Motor Vehicle, R.C. 2923.16(B). Dkt. 1. 

{¶ 3} Pursuant to a plea agreement, Eggers pled guilty to Felony Murder, as charged in 

count three of the indictment, causing the death of another as a proximate result of improperly 

discharging a firearm at or into a habitation, in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B) and 2923.161(A)(1). 

 In exchange for Eggers’s guilty plea, the State dismissed the firearm specification attached to 
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count three and the remaining charges and specifications. The parties agreed that Eggers’s 

sentence would be fifteen years to life. 

{¶ 4} Immediately after accepting his guilty plea, the trial court sentenced Eggers to life 

imprisonment with parole eligibility after fifteen years. The trial court also sentenced Eggers to a 

mandatory five-year term of post-release control. Dkt. 23. 

{¶ 5} Eggers appeals from his conviction and sentence.1 Eggers’s appellate counsel 

filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 19 L.Ed.2d 493 

(1967), stating that he could find no meritorious issues for appellate review, but suggesting two 

potential issues for review. We notified Eggers of his appellate counsel’s representations and 

afforded him time to file a pro se brief. Eggers filed a pro se brief raising three issues for 

review, which involved the same matters his appellate counsel had assigned as potential error. 

Based on our review of the issues raised by appellate counsel and Eggers, we determined that 

there was a non-frivolous issue with respect to whether Eggers’s plea was knowingly, voluntarily, 

and intelligently made. Therefore, we appointed new appellate counsel to argue the error 

assigned, as well as any other error counsel should deem meritorious. State v. Eggers, 2d Dist. 

Clark No. 11CA48, 2012-Ohio-2967. Eggers’s new appellate counsel subsequently filed a brief 

raising two assignments of error, which we address herein. 

 1

 Eggers moved under Crim.R. 32.1 to withdraw his guilty plea, claiming that he was coerced into pleading guilty by his counsel 

and that he was innocent of the charge of Murder. Dkt. 26. The trial court overruled his motion without a hearing. Eggers subsequently 

filed a petition for post-conviction relief, which the trial court also overruled without a hearing. Neither of these decisions is within the 

scope of this appeal. 
[Cite as State v. Eggers, 2013-Ohio-3174.]

II. The Trial Court Adequately Explained Eggers’s Rights and Determined 

that Eggers’s Plea Was Knowing, Intelligent, and Voluntary

{¶ 6} Eggers’s First Assignment of Error states: 

APPELLANT’S GUILTY PLEA AND WAIVER OF RIGHTS WERE 

NOT KNOWINGLY, INTELLIGENTLY AND VOLUNTARILY MADE. 

{¶ 7} At the plea hearing, counsel for the State explained the terms of the plea 

agreement. Tr. 3. The State then placed the pertinent facts on the record relating to the night 

that Julie Snyder was killed. Id. at 4–5. Eggers acknowledged that he understood the terms of 

the plea agreement, and said that he was not under the influence of drugs, alcohol, or medication. 

 Eggers informed the trial court that he had signed the plea agreement after reviewing it with his 

attorney, and that he understood the agreement. Eggers stated that no one had threatened him to 

convince him to plead, and that he was pleading guilty voluntarily. The court then explained to 

Eggers the punishment for the offense of Felony Murder, and that Eggers was subject to a 

mandatory five years of post-release control. Id. at 5-8. 

{¶ 8} The trial court then engaged in the following colloquy with Eggers: 

THE COURT: And do you understand that you do have the right to a trial 

in this case? 

THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor. 

THE COURT: At that trial you would have the right to require the State to 

prove beyond a reasonable doubt each and every element of the offense to which 

you are pleading guilty, and you could only be convicted upon the unanimous 

verdict of a jury. You would have the right to confront witnesses who would 

testify against you, and your attorney could cross-examine those witnesses. You 
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would have the right to use the Court’s subpoena power to compel the attendance 

of witnesses on your behalf, and you would also have the right to testify, but you 

could not be forced to do so. Do you understand all of these rights?

THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor. 

THE COURT: By pleading guilty you would be giving up or waiving all of 

these rights that we have gone over. Understanding that at this time how did you 

wish to plead to the offense of murder in Count Three of the indictment? 

THE DEFENDANT: I’m sorry. Can you say that again?

THE COURT: Sure. I just want to make sure that you do 

understand that upon entering a guilty plea in this 

case you would be waiving or giving up all of those 

rights that we have gone over, the trial rights that 

you would have. The right to a trial, the right to the 

State proving their case beyond a reasonable doubt, 

the right whereby you could only be convicted upon 

the unanimous verdict of a jury, the right to 

confront witnesses who would testify against you, 

the right to have your attorney cross-examine those 

witnesses, the right to use the Court’s subpoena 

power to compel the attendance of witnesses who 

would testify against you and also the right to testify 

if you choose to do so but you could not be forced to 
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do so. By pleading guilty you would be giving up 

or waiving those rights. Understanding that, how 

did you wish to plead to the offense of felony murder 

in Count Three of the indictment? 

THE DEFENDANT: Guilty, Your Honor. 

THE COURT: The Court finds that the defendant has knowingly, 

voluntarily, and intelligently waived his rights and entered a plea of guilty to that 

offense, and based upon that plea I find him guilty of that offense. Id. at 8-10 

(Emphasis added.) 

{¶ 9} Eggers contends that the trial court’s explanation of his rights, and the fact that 

by pleading guilty he would waive these rights, was confusing, thereby rendering his guilty plea 

less than knowing, voluntary, and intelligent. According to Eggers, the trial court erred when it 

explained all of the rights at once, rather than one at a time, and when it failed to ask Eggers if he 

understood that a guilty plea would waive his rights. Based on our review of the particular facts 

of this case, we do not agree. 

{¶ 10} Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c) provides that the court may not accept a plea of guilty or no 

contest: 

without first addressing the defendant personally and . . .[i]nforming the 

defendant and determining that the defendant understands that by the plea the 

defendant is waiving the rights to jury trial, to have compulsory process for 

obtaining witnesses in the defendant’s favor, and to require the state to prove the 

defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at trial at which the defendant cannot 
7

be compelled to testify against himself or herself. 

{¶ 11} A guilty plea is constitutionally infirm when the defendant is not informed in a 

reasonable manner that his plea waives those rights. State v. Ballard, 66 Ohio St.2d 473, 423 

N.E. 2d 115 (1981). 

{¶ 12} In Ballard, the Ohio Supreme Court described how a trial court must explain a 

defendant’s rights under Crim. R. 11, stating, at paragraphs one and two of the syllabus: 

1. Prior to accepting a guilty plea from a criminal defendant, the trial court 

must inform the defendant that he is waiving his privilege against compulsory 

self-incrimination, his right to jury trial, his right to confront his accusers, and his 

right of compulsory process of witnesses. (Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 

S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274, followed.) 

2. Failure to use the exact language contained in Crim.R. 11(C), in 

informing a criminal defendant of his constitutional right to a trial and the 

constitutional rights related to such trial, including the right to trial by jury, is not 

grounds for vacating a plea as long as the record shows that the trial court 

explained these rights in a manner reasonably intelligible to that defendant. 

(State v. Caudill, 48 Ohio St.2d 342, 358 N.E.2d 601, modified.) 

{¶ 13} In State v. Thomas, 116 Ohio App.3d 530, 534, 688 N.E.2d 602 (2d Dist.1996), 

we expounded on the Supreme Court’s statement regarding Crim. R. 11 and the exchange that the 

trial court is required to have with a defendant prior to accepting his guilty plea: 

The purpose of the procedure required by [Crim.] R. 11(C) is to ensure that 

the defendant subjectively understands each of the rights concerned and that he 
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waives it by his plea of guilty or no contest. That proposition must be 

demonstrated by the record. The preferred method is to use the language 

contained in the rule, stopping after each right and asking whether the defendant 

understands that right and knows that his plea waives it. Id. When that is not 

done, the record must, in some other way, affirmatively demonstrate the 

propositions made necessary by the rule. 

{¶ 14} In short, “a trial court can still convey the requisite information on constitutional 

rights to the defendant even when the court does not provide a word-for-word recitation of the 

criminal rule, so long as the trial court actually explains the rights to the defendant.” State v. 

Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 27. 

{¶ 15} The trial court explained each of Eggers’s rights to him. After doing so, Eggers 

stated that he understood these rights. Tr. 8-9. The trial court then explained that by pleading 

guilty, Eggers would be waiving those rights, once again stating each of Eggers’s rights. The 

court then stated, “By pleading guilty you would be giving up or waiving all of these rights that 

we have gone over. Understanding that at this time how did you wish to plead to the offense of 

murder in Count Three of the indictment?” Eggers then stated “I’m sorry. Can you say that 

again?” The trial court then once again explained all of Eggers’s rights and that a guilty plea 

would mean that Eggers is waiving all of these rights. The court concluded by once again 

asking, “Understanding that, how did you wish to plead to the offense of felony murder in Count 

Three of the indictment?” This time, Eggers responded that he was pleading guilty. 

{¶ 16} Eggers contends that the trial court erred by failing to ask Eggers if he understood 

that a guilty plea would waive his rights. The trial court did ask this question, albeit in an 
9

imperfect way. The trial court asked, “Understanding that, how did you wish to plead to the 

offense of felony murder in Count Three of the indictment?” This question essentially asked, 

“Assuming you understand that a guilty plea waives these rights, how do you wish to plead?” 

By answering “guilty,” Eggers implied that he understood that a guilty plea would waive his 

rights and that he was pleading guilty. While we agree that the better practice would have been 

to stop after the explanation of each right and ask whether Eggers understood the right and that a 

guilty plea waived the right, we conclude the trial court’s three explanations of Eggers’s rights, 

Eggers’s confirmation that he understood the rights, and the trial court’s two explanations to 

Eggers that a guilty plea would waive the rights, were sufficient to establish that Eggers’s guilty 

plea was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Eggers also stated that he understood what was 

contained on the written plea form that he signed voluntarily. His rights and the consequences 

of a guilty plea were explained on this form. Based upon the entire plea colloquy, we conclude 

that the trial court could reasonably determine, as required by Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c), that Eggers 

understood both his rights and the consequences of his guilty plea. 

{¶ 17} Eggers also contends that the trial court failed to comply with Crim.R. 11 when 

the court addressed the fact that Eggers “cannot be compelled to testify against himself or 

herself.” Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c). The trial court did not use the language of Crim.R. 11(C), 

instead stating, “You would have the right to use the Court’s subpoena power to compel the 

attendance of witnesses on your behalf, and you would also have the right to testify, but you 

could not be forced to do so.” Tr. 8-9. The Supreme Court has expressed a preference that the 

trial court use the language employed in Crim.R. 11 when explaining a defendant’s rights to him 

during a plea colloquy. But the Supreme Court has also made it clear that the failure to employ 
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the language in Crim.R. 11 is not fatal to a guilty plea. Indeed, the Supreme Court has noted that 

“[t]he use of common, everyday words, * * * instead of a rote recitation of legal terminology, can 

assist the defendant in understanding the rights forfeited by entry of a plea.” State v. Barker, 129 

Ohio St.3d 472, 2011-Ohio-4130, 953 N.E.2d 826, ¶ 20. 

{¶ 18} The trial court explained Eggers’s right to not be compelled to testify against 

himself in common, everyday words. Based on our review of the particular facts before us, we 

conclude that the trial court did not err in doing so. 

{¶ 19} Eggers finally argues that the trial court erred by not inquiring whether Eggers’s 

plea of guilty was one that should have been done pursuant to North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 

25, 91 S.Ct. 160, 27 L.Ed.2d 162 (1970). Brief, p. 9-10. Eggers’s reliance on Alford is 

misplaced. 

{¶ 20} In Alford, the United States Supreme Court found that a guilty plea coupled with 

a claim of innocence should not be accepted unless there is a factual basis for the plea and the 

trial court inquires into and resolves the apparent conflict between the waiver of trial and claim of 

innocence. Id. at 37. However, ’[i]mplicit in any Alford plea is the requirement [that] a 

defendant actually state his innocence on the record when entering a guilty plea.’” State v. 

Knowles, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95239, 2011-Ohio-1685, ¶ 20 (Citations omitted.) The record 

before us discloses no protestations of innocence when the trial court accepted Eggers’s guilty 

plea. 

{¶ 21} The only statements in the record that could be construed as a protestation of 

innocence occurred after the guilty plea had been accepted. The trial court then proceeded to 

sentencing and asked Eggers if he had anything else to say, thus giving Eggers the chance to 
11

exercise his right to allocution. Tr. 10-11. At that time, Eggers stated, for the first time, “I’d 

like to apologize to the family. You know I loved her. You know I didn’t do this. I didn’t do 

this. I love you, mom. I don’t know. That’s it. I don’t know what else to say.” Id. at 11. 

{¶ 22} Eggers waited until sentencing to make any statement regarding innocence. 

Therefore, Alford does not apply, and the trial court had no duty during the plea hearing to 

inquire whether Eggers’s plea of guilty was one that should have been done pursuant to Alford. 

{¶ 23} Eggers’s First Assignment of Error is overruled. 

III. Eggers Has Failed to Demonstrate that He Was Prejudiced 

by the Trial Court’s Incorrect Inclusion of Postrelease Control

{¶ 24} Eggers’s Second Assignment of Error states: 

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AS A RESULT OF A MUTUAL 

MISTAKE OF THE PARTIES AND THE COURT, BY INFORMING 

APPELLANT OF AND SENTENCING APPELLANT TO A TERM OF POST 

RELEASE CONTROL AS PART OF HIS NEGOTIATED PLEA TO THE 

CHARGE OF MURDER AND THEREFORE WAS NOT KNOWINGLY, 

INTELLIGENTLY AND VOLUNTARILY MADE. 

{¶ 25} When a trial court imposes sentence for any of the classified felonies set forth at 

R.C. 2967.28(B), it must appropriately advise the defendant of mandatory postrelease control, or 

the sentence is void ab initio. State v. Porterfield, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2010-T-0005, 

2010-Ohio-4287, ¶ 7. In this case, Eggers pled guilty to, and was sentenced for, one count of 

Felony Murder, in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B), an unclassified felony, not subject to the dictates 
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of R.C. 2967.28. 

{¶ 26} In State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893 N.E. 2d 462, ¶ 

36-37, the Supreme Court addressed parole and postrelease control in the context of a conviction 

for an unclassified felony: 

However, an individual sentenced for aggravated murder such as Clark is 

not subject to postrelease control because that crime is an unclassified felony to 

which the postrelease-control statute does not apply. R.C. 2967.28. Instead, 

such a person is either ineligible for parole or becomes eligible for parole after 

serving a period of 20, 25, or 30 years in prison. See R.C. 2929.03(A)(1); 

2967.13(A). Parole is also a form of supervised release, but it is not merely an 

addition to an individual’s sentence. When a person is paroled, he or she is 

released from confinement before the end of his or her sentence and remains in the 

custody of the state until the sentence expires or the Adult Parole Authority grants 

final release. R.C. 2967.02(C); 2967.13(E); 2967.15(A); 2967.16(C)(1). If a 

paroled person violates the various conditions associated with the parole, he or she 

may be required to serve the remainder of the original sentence; that period could 

be more than nine months. Ohio Adm.Code 5120:1-1-19(C). 

Even after a prisoner has met the minimum eligibility requirements, parole 

is not guaranteed; the Adult Parole Authority “has wide-ranging discretion in 

parole matters” and may refuse to grant release to an eligible offender. * * * 

Because parole is not certain to occur, trial courts are not required to explain it as 

part of the maximum possible penalty in a Crim.R. 11 colloquy. * * * 
[Cite as State v. Eggers, 2013-Ohio-3174.]

{¶ 27} Similarly to this case, one of the issues in Clark was whether the defendant’s 

guilty plea had been knowing, voluntary, and intelligent, as required by Crim.R. 11(C). At issue 

was the fact the trial court had advised appellant in the Crim.R. 11(C) colloquy that he would be 

subject to mandatory postrelease control, as set forth at R.C. 2967.28, which was also made part 

of the judgment entry, not that he would be subject to parole. On appeal, the Eleventh District 

Court of Appeals determined that the trial court had substantially complied with the requirements 

of Crim.R. 11(C), since the trial court had correctly advised appellant that the maximum penalty 

for aggravated murder was life imprisonment without parole. 

{¶ 28} The Supreme Court of Ohio reversed the appellate court, holding that the trial 

court’s Crim.R. 11 colloquy failed to meet the substantial compliance standard. The court held, 

in pertinent part: 

The trial judge was not required to discuss postrelease control or parole in 

Clark’s plea colloquy under Crim.R. 11(C)(2), as Clark was not eligible for 

postrelease control given his plea to an unclassified felony. See R.C. 2967.28(B) 

and (C). When he expanded on the information set forth in the rule, the trial judge 

obscured the relatively straightforward maximum penalties for Clark’s crimes. 

The judge described a decidedly different form of release than the one Clark 

actually faced under the law, a hybrid system that combined the mandatory term of 

years and the maximum possible sentences associated with postrelease control 

with the uncertainty of release associated with parole. 

Such an incorrect recitation of the law fails to meet the substantial 

compliance standard. If a trial judge chooses to offer an expanded explanation of 

the law in a Crim.R. 11 plea colloquy, the information conveyed must be accurate. 
14

The rule is in place to ensure that defendants wishing to plead guilty or no contest 

do so knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. Because of the substantial 

misinformation that the trial judge provided to the defendant in this case, the 

defendant could not have entered his plea knowingly, intelligently, and 

voluntarily. The fact that the trial court provided some correct information as well 

does not alter this conclusion, because the correction (sic) information was not 

provided in such a manner as to remedy the erroneous information. 

Despite the failure to substantially comply with Crim.R. 11, the trial judge 

did not simply ignore his duties under Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a). Because the trial 

judge partially complied with the rule, Clark must show that he was prejudiced by 

the trial court’s misinformation to successfully vacate his plea. * * * Although it 

discussed prejudice in its opinion, the court of appeals did not reach a conclusion 

on the issue. We therefore remand the case for a full determination of prejudice. 

Clark, 2008-Ohio-3748, at ¶ 38-40. 

{¶ 29} On remand, the Eleventh District Court of Appeals held that the defendant had 

suffered no prejudice as a result of the trial court’s failure to explain parole properly. State v. 

Clark, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2006-A-0004, 2008-Ohio-6768. The Eleventh District 

explained that the defendant “has presented no evidence and points to no evidence in the record 

suggesting that his plea would have been otherwise had he known the actual conditions of 

parole.” Id. at ¶ 16. The court concluded that “[w]ithout some evidence that [the defendant] 

was motivated by the expectation of being subject to post-release control upon release, we must 

affirm the plea.” Id. at ¶ 22. See also State v. Stokes, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93154, 
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2010-Ohio-3181; State v. Eberle, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2009-10-065, 2010-Ohio-3563. 

{¶ 30} There is nothing in the record to suggest Eggers would not have entered his guilty 

plea had the trial court not erroneously informed him that he was subject to a mandatory five-year 

term of postrelease control. Therefore, Eggers has failed to demonstrate prejudice resulting from 

the trial court’s error in discussing and sentencing Eggers to a five-year term of postrelease 

control. We will, however, vacate that portion of the sentence imposing a five-year term of 

postrelease control. 

{¶ 31} Eggers’s Second Assignment of Error is overruled. 

IV. Conclusion

{¶ 32} The portion of Eggers’s sentence imposing a five-year term of postrelease control 

is Vacated. Both of Eggers’s assignments of error having been overruled, the judgment of the 

trial court is Affirmed in all other respects. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 

WELBAUM, J., concurs. 

DONOVAN, J., concurs in judgment only. 

 

Copies mailed to: 

Lisa M. Fannin 

Christopher W. Thompson 

Hon. Douglas M. Rastatter