IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT NASHVILLE

June 2000 Session

KEN SHUMAN v. JAMES PARKHURST d/b/a PARKHURST HOME

IMPROVEMENT

Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Sumner County

No. 17825C Carol Soloman, Special Judge

No. M1999-02043-COA-R3-CV - Filed August 31, 2000

James Parkhurst d/b/a Parkhurst Home Improvement appeals the trial court’s final judgment

awarding Ken Shuman $8,021.14 in actual damages for breach of oral construction contract and

$2,406.33 in attorney’s fees based upon a finding of fraud in violation of the Tennessee Consumer

Protection Act. Parkhurst raised two issues on appeal, contending that the damages awarded in this

home construction dispute were not legally warranted and that the trial court erred in finding fraud,

therefore justifying an award for attorney’s fees under the Act. We conclude that Shuman presented

sufficient proof to find a violation of the Act and to support his claim for damages and for attorney’s

fees. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed; and

Remanded

DAVID R. FARMER,J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ALAN E. HIGHERS and HOLLY K.

LILLARD, J.J., joined.

John R. Phillips, Jr., Gallatin, Tennessee, for the appellant, James Parkhurst d/b/a Parkhurst Home

Improvement.

C. Tracey Parks, Gallatin, Tennessee, for the appellee, Ken Shuman.

OPINION

Mr. Shuman entered into an oral agreement with Mr. Parkhurst for construction of a

24'x32' two-story addition to Mr. Shuman’s existing house in Westmoreland, Sumner County,

Tennessee. According to the agreement, Mr. Parkhurst was to frame the addition, get it in the

dry, put on the vinyl siding, and hang the sheetrock. Mr. Shuman was to finish the sheetrock, do

the rough, install the plumbing and electrical wiring, paint the walls and install the flooring. Mr.

Shuman asserted that the payment terms per the agreement were $10,000 for labor plus 10%
1

Section 47-18-109(a)(3) of the Tennessee Code provides that treble damages may be awarded when the court

finds a knowing or willful use of an unfair or deceptive trade practice. See Tenn. Code Ann. §47-18-10 9(a)(3) (1995).

2

Attorney’s fees may be awarded pursuant to the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act in an approp riate case.

See Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-109(e)(1) (1995) (“[u]pon a finding by the court that a provision of this part has been

violated, the court may award to the person bringing such action reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.”).

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above material costs with the project cost not to exceed approximately $40,000. Mr. Parkhurst

contended that the agreement was for labor at an hourly rate of $15.00 for Mr. Parkhurst, $10.00

for his workers and an additional 10% above material costs.

Mr. Parkhurst worked on Mr. Shuman’s home addition for ten weeks from late

September of 1997 to December 10, 1997, whereupon Mr. Parkhurst walked away from the

project. Mr. Parkhurst had been paid a total of $38,209.39. Mr. Parkhurst alleged that he walked

away from the project because Mr. Shuman installed sheetrock prior to inspection of the

electrical wiring in violation of the applicable building code. Mr. Shuman asserted that Mr.

Parkhurst walked away because Mr. Parkhurst did not want the friendship between the two

parties to suffer. After Mr. Parkhurst ceased working on the addition, Mr. Shuman noticed

problems with Mr. Parkhurst’s construction, some of which caused water damage to Mr.

Shuman’s home. Mr. Shuman also discovered that he had been charged for certain materials

which were not used on the project. 

Mr. Shuman sued Mr. Parkhurst for breach of contract and alleged that Mr. Parkhurst’s

charging for materials not actually used was a deceptive and fraudulent trade practice in violation

of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-101 et seq. (1995);

Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-109(a)(1) (1995) (“[a]ny person who suffers an ascertainable loss of

money or property, real, personal, or mixed, or any other article, commodity, or thing of value

wherever situated, as a result of the use or employment by another person of an unfair or

deceptive act or practice declared to be unlawful by this part, may bring an action individually to

recover actual damages.”). Mr. Parkhurst responded that his walking away from the project did

not constitute a breach because the parties’ agreement was a simple arrangement for pay by the

hour work so that either party could terminate the working relationship at any time. Mr.

Parkhurst denied any fraud or violation of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act. Mr.

Parkhurst further stated that there were no damages to be had since Mr. Shuman only paid for the

work Mr. Parkhurst did, and Mr. Shuman expected to expend more money to complete the

project regardless of Mr. Parkhurst’s departure.

The trial court entered judgment for Mr. Shuman, awarding him $8,021.14 in damages

and $424.75 in discretionary costs. Additionally, the trial court found that Mr. Parkhurst violated

the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act by fraudulently charging for thirty-two 2"x6" pressure

treated boards which were not brought to the construction site. The trial court declined to award

treble damages1 but awarded attorney’s fees in the amount of $2,406.33.2
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Mr. Parkhurst filed notice of appeal, raising the following issues, as we perceive them, for

this court’s review:

1. Whether the damages awarded in this home construction dispute were 

legally warranted.

2. Whether the trial court erred in finding fraud involving thirty-two 2"x6" 

pressure treated boards, therefore justifying an award of $2,406.33 in 

attorney’s fees pursuant to the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act. 

Under Tennessee law, awarding damages in breach of contract actions operates to put the

plaintiff in as good of a position as he would have been in had the contract been performed. See

Grantham and Mann, Inc. v. American Safety Prods., Inc., 831 F.2d 596, 601 (6th Cir. 1987). 

Plaintiff bears the burden of proving damages. See Volasco Prods. Co. v. Lloyd A. Fry Roofing

Co., 308 F.2d 383, 392 (6th Cir. 1962) cert. denied, 372 U.S. 907, 83 S. Ct. 721, 9 L. Ed. 2d 717

(1963). If damages have been shown to exist, then damages may be granted as long as there is

substantial evidence in the record to allow the factfinder to draw a reasonable inference and make

a fair and reasonable assessment of the amount of damages to award. See Grantham and Mann,

831 F.2d at 602; Lee Shops, Inc. v. Schatten-Cypress Co., 350 F.2d 12, 18 (6th Cir. 1965), cert.

denied, 382 U.S. 980, 86 S. Ct. 552, 15 L. Ed. 470 (1966); Redbud Coop. Corp. v. Clayton, 700

S.W.2d 551, 561 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1985); Cummins v. Brodie, 667 S.W.2d 759, 765 (Tenn. Ct.

App. 1983).

As part of his case in chief, Mr. Shuman testified that he incurred expenses totaling

$8,521.14, the breakdown of damages being as follows: $1,000.00 for additional labor and

materials to put in piers for foundation, $925.00 to repair and replace water damaged sheetrock

and insulation in new construction, $300.00 to repair damaged walls on interior of original house

and to re-trim kitchen window and door, $967.84 to repair vinyl work, $2,000.00 for Mr.

Shuman’s labor to correct problems caused by Mr. Parkhurst, $2,350.00 for wages paid to Tim

Garris to help salvage damages, and $978.30 for materials charged to the job but not used. To

support his testimony, Mr. Shuman introduced into evidence numerous bills and receipts for

charges for labor and materials, pictures of the home addition which showed buckling of the

vinyl siding, and a video tape which showed various defects in the construction of the addition as

well as areas of water damage. With regards to damages, the trial court awarded Mr. Shuman

$8,021.14, reducing the claim for the piers by $500.00. Mr. Parkhurst avers that the expenses

claimed by Mr. Shuman do not represent a loss and thus do not support the damages award.

We affirm the trial court’s judgment for Mr. Shuman of $8,021.14 in damages. This

court’s review of the trial court’s findings of fact is de novo with a presumption of correctness,

unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). Because the

proof of damages consisted solely of conflicting testimony of Mr. Shuman and Mr. Parkhurst,

this court recognizes that:
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[w]here the issue for decision depends on the determination of the credibility of

witnesses, the trial court is the best judge of the credibility and its findings of

credibility are entitled to great weight. This is true because the trial court alone

has the opportunity to observe the appearance and the demeanor of the witnesses.

Tenn-Tex Properties v. Brownell-Electro, Inc., 778 S.W.2d 423, 426 (Tenn. 1989); Royal Ins.

Co. v. Alliance Ins. Co., 690 S.W.2d 541, 543 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1985). The evidence in the

record does not preponderate against the findings of the trial court. The record contains

sufficient evidence to support Mr. Shuman’s allegations of damages, and given the limited scope

of our review, this court must give great weight to the decision of the trial court regarding matters

of credibility.

The second issue on appeal involves the trial court’s finding of fraud concerning thirtytwo 2"x6" pressure treated boards which resulted in an award of attorney’s fees of $2,406.33. 

See Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-109(e)(1) (1995) (“[u]pon a finding by the court that a provision of

this part has been violated, the court may award to the person bringing such action reasonable

attorney’s fees and costs.”). Mr. Shuman claimed that Mr. Parkhurst charged him $101.60 for

sixteen 2"x6"x10' pressure treated boards and $79.36 for sixteen 2"x6"x8' pressure treated

boards, neither of which were delivered to or used on the construction site. A witness, Tim

Garris, testified that he observed 2"x6" pressure treated boards being used on a greenhouse being

constructed by Mr. Parkhurst on property owned by Mr. Parkhurst’s father and on a porch Mr.

Parkhurst was building on Mr. Parkhurst’s property. Mr. Parkhurst claimed that the pressure

treated lumber was ordered for Mr. Shuman and was delivered to the construction site on Mr.

Shuman’s property. Mr. Parkhurst admitted that Mr. Shuman was charged for the lumber, but he

claimed that he did not know what became of the lumber after it was delivered to Mr. Shuman’s

property. Upon this evidence, the trial court found fraud on behalf of Mr. Parkhurst, stating,

“Mr. Parkhurst found an opportunity to charge something to a job and to take advantage of it. . . .

that was fraud . . . . it was thievery.” Based upon the finding of fraud, the trial court awarded Mr.

Shuman attorney’s fees in the amount of $2,406.33, which was calculated as 30% of the damages

award. “Unless the evidence preponderates against the findings, we must affirm, absent error of

law.” Dailey v. Bateman, 937 S.W.2d 927, 930 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996). Based upon the

evidence in the record, there is a sufficient basis for finding a violation of the Tennessee

Consumer Protection Act, namely the fraud surrounding the thirty-two 2"x6" pressure treated

boards. Thus, we affirm the award of attorney’s fees, holding that this is an appropriate case for

such award.

Mr. Shuman has requested additional attorney’s fees for this appeal in the amount of

$1,800.00 pursuant to section 47-18-109(e)(1) of the Tennessee Code. In this court’s discretion,

the request is denied.
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For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s judgment for Mr. Shuman is affirmed. Costs

of this appeal are taxed to the appellant, James Parkhurst d/b/a Parkhurst Home Improvement,

and his surety, for which execution may issue if necessary.

___________________________________ 

DAVID R. FARMER, JUDGE