2007 Ozone Plan 

Chapter 6 

 

District Regulatory Control Measures 

for Stationary Sources 
2007 Ozone Plan 

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San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Chapter 6: District Regulatory Control Measures for Stationary Sources 

2007 Ozone Plan 

6-1

Chapter 6: District Regulatory Control Measures 

for Stationary Sources

6.1 INTRODUCTION 

Attaining the federal 8-hour ozone standard will require the involvement of all sectors of 

the economy and the population. As discussed in Chapter 4 (Strategy), the District is 

pursuing a four-faceted control strategy. This chapter describes the District’s stationary 

source regulatory responsibilities under the four-faceted strategy, which consists of 

traditional “command-and-control” regulations, such as the rules in Regulation IV of the 

District’s Rules and Regulations Manual. 

The District’s regulatory stationary source control measure component of this plan 

achieves a robust 32 tons per day (tpd) of combined VOC and NOx reductions by 2012, 

with an additional 23 tpd of combined VOC and NOx reductions by 2023, for a total 

combined VOC and NOx reduction of approximately 54 tpd. It is anticipated that 

additional reductions will be achieved from the District incentives programs, as 

discussed in Chapter 7 of this plan and from innovative programs discussed in Chapter 

8. Emission reductions from state, federal and local measures are presented in Chapter 

9. An overall summary of the plan Strategy to include the District’s regulatory stationary 

source control measures, incentive measures and innovative programs, state, federal 

and local Regional TPAs measures can be found in Chapter 11 of this plan. 

6.2 REGULATORY COMPONENT 

This chapter presents the District’s process to exhaustively consider control measures, 

which could be included as part of the stationary source regulatory component. The full 

descriptions of the control measures the District is considering are included in Appendix 

I, Candidate Control Measures. Table 6-1 includes a summary list of the stationary 

source control measures and the reductions they are expected to achieve. 

It’s important to note that in scheduling rule development projects, the District is giving 

priority to NOx controls. The carrying capacities discussed in Chapter 3 and Appendix 

F show that while both VOC and NOx reductions advance attainment in the near term, 

the diminishing return for VOC has no significant impact on final attainment. NOx 

reductions yield the most benefit for improving ozone air quality in the San Joaquin 

Valley Air Basin. Also, preliminary modeling being conducted by ARB for the District’s 

upcoming 2008 PM2.5 Plan (due to EPA in April 2008) shows that NOx reductions 

should be the priority component of the District’s PM2.5 strategy, as well. 

The District’s regulations may target specific source categories, or facilities within the 

San Joaquin Valley Air Basin: 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Chapter 6: District Regulatory Control Measures for Stationary Sources 

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! Source categories identify types of equipment or processes. Examples include 

boilers and dryers in food processing facilities, or industrial processes, such as 

application of paints and solvents in automotive coating operations. 

! Facilities are operations considered as a whole, including all the processes and 

activities, which are undertaken at specific locations. Examples include oil 

refineries, dairies, food processors, and wineries. 

6.2.1 Process for Identifying and Evaluating Potential Control Measures 

To generate ideas for control measures, District staff has taken the following steps: 

! Conducted a brainstorming effort involving staff from the Planning, Permits, and 

Compliance departments. 

! Attended the South Coast AQMD Air Quality Summit in January 2006, which 

generated ideas from technical experts in different stationary and mobile source 

categories. 

! Reviewed recommendations from the 2003 ARB audit of District rule making 

activities. 

! Reviewed Further Study Measures in the District’s Extreme Ozone Attainment 

Demonstration Plan (for 1-hour ozone) (OADP). 

! Reviewed control measures suggested by the public shortly after adoption of the 

Extreme OADP. 

! Investigated control strategies and measures in other districts and agencies, 

including the South Coast AQMD, Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD, Bay Area 

AQMD, Ventura County APCD, Houston-Galveston Area Council of 

Governments, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and Fresno Council 

of Governments. 

! Attended the San Joaquin Valley Blueprint Planning Process Summit in Fresno. 

! Conducted six Town Hall Meetings in July 2006, which enabled citizens, industry 

stakeholders, environment advocacy groups, and other interested parties to 

submit control measure suggestions and other comments to the District. See 

Appendix G: Town Hall Meeting Suggestions. 

! Reviewed public comments on the October 17, 2007 plan draft and workshop. 

Forty-five people attended the workshop. Approximately 23 verbal comments 

were received during the workshop. Approximately 106 written comments (some 

from multiple sources) were received during the comment period, and about 88 

of these pertained to the District’s control strategy. 

! Attended ARB workshops (October 12, 2006 and November 14, 2006) on the 

state strategy and evaluated measures for possible new ideas. 

! Analyzed all District rules affecting NOx and VOC to assess possibilities for 

strengthening and expanding their applicability, including using Best Available 

Control Technologies, whenever feasible. This analysis involved a thorough 

comparison of the District’s NOx and VOC rules with those from the South Coast 
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Chapter 6: District Regulatory Control Measures for Stationary Sources 

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AQMD, Bay Area AQMD, and Ventura County APCD. See Appendix H: 

Screening Analysis of Existing NOx and VOC Rules/Proposed New Rules. 

! Defined emission control scenarios for ARB to investigate via modeling 

exercises. These include the possibilities of episodic and geographic control 

measures, patterned after the highly successful rule for wood-burning fireplaces. 

Appendix I includes a Control Measure discussion for each category in the emission 

inventory. Each Control Measure discussion is a description of the source category, 

current control levels, options for future control options, concerns regarding the 

implementation of controls, and potential emission reductions. The development of 

Table 6-1 (District Stationary Source Regulatory Implementation Schedule), which 

shows the timing of regulatory adoption and implementation of the emission reductions, 

took into consideration a variety of factors, including: 

! Technological feasibility and practicality of emission controls; 

! Emission inventory of the source category and likely emission reductions; 

! Cost, financial impacts, and potential for socioeconomic impacts (e.g., 

employment, profitability); 

! District authority and enforceability of emission reductions; 

! Rate and timing of emissions reductions; 

! Public acceptability, including interests and concerns of community members; 

! Pollutants reduced - NOx or VOC or both; 

! Any potential adverse environmental impacts; and 

! Potential for disparate environmental impacts (environmental justice). 

A few source categories are not being pursued in this planning effort. The control 

measure evaluation process brought to light that for some categories a lack of activity or 

sources operating within the District or the activity occurs outside of the ozone season, 

therefore not contributing to the ozone problem. Since the release of the first draft of 

this plan, one proposed control measure has been completed and adopted by the 

District Governing Board in December 2006 and the emission reduction estimates can 

be found in Appendix B of this plan. In addition, two source categories are directly 

under ARB’s jurisdiction and control and are being deferred to ARB for further 

discussion. ARB’s control strategy discussion may be found in Chapter 9 of this plan. 

For those mobile source categories that are outside of the District’s jurisdiction, but for 

which incentive programs will be developed to achieve reductions, those control 

measure categories are discussed and addressed in Chapter 7 of this plan. 
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Chapter 6: District Regulatory Control Measures for Stationary Sources 

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6.3 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR THE STATIONARY SOURCE REGULATORY 

COMPONENT 

Table 6-1 lists the candidate regulatory stationary source control measures and shows 

adoption/completion date, compliance and emission reduction implementation dates, 

and the estimated emission reductions for the pollutant of concern by year. The 

Schedule shown in Table 6-1 demonstrates a reasonable implementation schedule with 

all of the proposed measures being developed and implemented by the 2012 date. 

The emission reductions estimates in Table 6-1 are based on control techniques 

existing at the time this plan was developed. The District expects that technologies will 

advance and that new more effective control techniques may be available at the time of 

rule development for each measure. These more effective control techniques will be 

considered in each rule development project. Additionally, the District will consider 

episodic controls and regionally-focused controls during each rule development project 

in order to optimize the benefits of each measure. 

Additional work on source categories will continue through the development of 

feasibility/future studies listed in Table 6-2. These studies will provide the background 

work needed in determining which of the categories are viable control measures for 

additional reductions beyond the 2012 date, which are anticipated to a achieve 

additional reductions needed for attainment by 2023. 

Considering the overwhelming attainment challenge in the upcoming years, it was 

imperative to consider a strategy that encompasses all opportunities to include: 

regulatory approaches, program improvements, incentive programs, feasibility studies 

for source categories that are not well understood but may prove to be a fruitful 

emissions reduction options in a future rulemaking schedule, as well as those measures 

that will not be pursued further due to lack of sources or the activity does not occur 

during the ozone season. For additional discussion on the overall strategy that includes 

all the four faceted strategy components, please see Chapter 11 of this Plan. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District 

Chapter 6: District Regulatory Contro

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Table 6-1 District Stationary Source Regulatory Implementation Schedule 

Projected 

NOx Reductions by 20XX Year 

CM# V

Measure Name Product Completion Date Compliance Date Reduction Start 08 11 12 14 17 20 23 08 11 

S-GOV-1 Composting Biosolids Rule 2007 1Q 2008 2008 2 3.4 S-AGR-1 Open Burn Rule 2007 2Q 2010 2Q 2007 2010 2007 2010 1.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 1.3 2.8 S-SOL-11 Solvents Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2010 0.0 1.3 S-COM-5 Gas Turbines Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2010 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.68 S-IND-24 Soil Decontamination Rule 2007 3Q 2008 NA 0.0 0.0 S-IND-6 Polystyrene Foam Rule 2007 3Q 2010 2011 0.0 0.0 S-PET1&2 Gasoline Storage & 

Transfer Rule 2007 4Q 2009 2009 0.0 0.9 

S-PET-3 

Aviation Fuel Storage Rule 2007 4Q 2010 2010 0.0 0.05 

S-COM-1 Large Boilers Rule 2008 3Q 2011 2011 0.0 0.0 0.69 0.72 0.75 0.77 0.8 S-COM-2 Medium Boilers Incentives Rule 

Backstop 

2008 3Q 2020 2012 from incentives 0.0 0.0 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 

S-COM-7 Glass Melting Rule 2008 3Q Varies 2008 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 S-SOL-20 Graphic Arts Rule 2008 4Q 2011 2011 0.0 0.0 S-COM-9 Residential Water Heaters Rule 2009 1Q Attrition 2011 0.0 0.2 0.25 0.40 0.55 0.70 0.85 S-GOV-5 Composting Green 

Waste Rule 2009 1Q 2012 2012 0.0 0.0 

S-IND-21 Flares Rule 2009 2Q NA NA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S-IND-14 Brandy & Wine Aging Rule 2009 3Q NA NA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 S-SOL-1 

Architectural Coatings Rule 2009 4Q 2012 2012 0.0 0.0 

S-AGR-2 CAFO Rule 2010 2Q 2011 2011 0.0 6.8 S-SOL-6 

Adhesives Rule 2010 3Q 2012 2012 0.0 0.0 

Total Projected 

NOx Reductions by 20XX Year 

V

08 11 12 14 17 20 23 08 11 

NA (Not Available) 

2.3 4.4 6.0 6.3 7.8 8.0 8.2 3.3 15.3 

For the purposes of implementing this Extreme OADP, the District is committed to adopt and implement control maggregate, the emissions reductions specified in Table 6-1.
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District April 30, 2007

Chapter 6: District Regulatory Control Measures for Stationary Sources 

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If not enough information is available to satisfactorily evaluate a particular control 

measure, it became a feasibility/further study measure. Emissions reductions from 

feasibility/future studies are not currently quantifiable. These studies will be in addition 

to the regulatory measures and will engage the public and industry in identifying new 

potential emission reductions. A study report will be released by the dates listed in 

Table 6-2, which may recommend a future amendment to the regulatory implementation 

schedule to include those additional measures identified as fruitful. 

FS – Feasibility/Future Study: Not currently quantifiable. FS reports will be released by the completion date, which may 

recommend an amendment to the Plan Regulatory Implementation Schedule to include additional regulatory measures identified as 

fruitful and have the potential of achieving reductions committed to in the Black Box 

Those few measures that are not being pursued in Table 6-1 or 6-2 are those that have 

very little to no known emissions inventories or have been recently adopted or amended 

to include the most stringent controls known to date. These source categories will 

pursued through advance technology strategies as part of the long term strategy 

discussed in Chapter 11 and all source categories will be considered again for 

additional reductions needed for the “Black Box”. These source categories and others 

will be revisited well before 2020 or soon thereafter for possible measures where new 

emerging technologies may garner additional reductions to satisfy the current emission 

shortfall needed for attainment of the standard by the 2023 deadline. 

Table 6-2 

District Stationary Source Feasibility/Future Study Implementation Schedule

CM# Measure Name Product Completion 

Date 

S-COM-6 ICE Electrification\Pump Efficiency Incentives FS 2008 

S-GOV-6 Prescribed Burning FS 2008 

Program Review Open Burning Biomass Incentive FS 2008 

S-PET-13 Oil Production Sumps FS 2009 

S-PET-16 Heavy Crude Oil Components FS 2009 

S-COM-4 Solid Fuel Fired Boilers FS 2009 

S-COM-3 Small Boilers FS 2010 

S-IND-12 Wine Fermentation & Storage FS 2010 

S-IND-5 Asphalt Roofing FS 2010 

S-PET-18 HOTS & Gauge Tanks FS 2010 

S-AGR-4 Pesticide Fumigation Chambers FS 2011 

S-COM-11 Dryers FS 2011 

S-GOV-4 Asphalt Paving FS 2011 

S-IND-13 Bakeries FS 2011 

S-COM-6 IC Engines – Standards Review FS 2012 

S-GOV-2 POTW Water Treatment FS 2012 

S-IND-23 Reduction of Animal Matter FS 2012 

S-PET-22 Refinery Turnaround Units FS 2012 

S-PET-23 Refinery Vacuum Devices FS 2012 

S-PET-24 Refinery Wastewater Separators FS 2012