JPRS 70229

28 November 1977

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

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JPRS 70229

28 November 19 77

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

No. 404

CONTENTS PAGE

POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

'HUNAN DAILY' Editorial Hails Provincial CCP Congress

(Editorial; Hunan Provincial Service, 21 Oct 77) ... 1

Hupeh Article Recalls Mao's Revolutionary Practice

(Hupeh Provincial Service, 17 Oct 77) 3

'Gang of Four's' Use of Chaoyang Agricultural College Scored

(KUANG-MLNG JIH-PAO, 23 Oct 77) 5

ECONOMIC

10 Do's, 10 Don'ts on Economic Front Clarified

(Peking Domestic Service, 22, 2k Oct 77) 8

Party Leadership

Significance of Production

Gang Scored for Opposing Planned Economy

(Wu Chia-pei, et al; KUANG-MING JIH-PAO, 31 Oct 77). 15

Peking Paper Calls for Further Industrial Progress

(JEN-MIN JIH-PAO, It Nov 77) 19

Editorial Urges the Raising of More Beef Cattle

(JEN-MIN JIH-PAO, 5 Nov 77) 21

Briefs

Canton Foreign Trade 22

Heilungkiang Light Industry 22

Honan Hydroelectric Power 22

Hainan Industrial Achievements 22

Anhwei Recycling Progress 23

-a - [III - CC - 80 S & T]
CONTENTS (Continued) Page

Hainan County's Highways 23

Kirin Railway Construction 23

Reroute Rail Section 23

Extend Bus Line 23

State Plans Fulfilled 23

New Superspeed Drill 2k

Light Industry Production 2k

Anhwei County Cooperative Profits 2k

Salvage Scrap Materials 2k

Chekiang Zeolite Deposits 2k

Kwangtung County Postal, Telecommunications 25

Szechwan's Industrial Production 25

Hai-Nan Cement Plants 25

Hupeh Power Generator 25

Kwangsi's Electricity Output 25

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

'KUANG-MING JIH-PAO' Stresses Importance of Laboratory Work

(Chou Pin; KUANG-MING JIH-PAO, 19 Oct 77) 26

Szechwan Party Decrees Strengthened Scientific, Technical

Work

(Editorial; Szechwan Provincial Service,

18 Oct 77) 28

Tientsin Researchers Develop Precision Flight Locator

(Tientsin City Service, 21 Oct 77) 29

Chemistry Professor Discusses Modernization of Science,

Technology

(Tang Ao-ching Interview; Peking Domestic Service,

18 Oct 77) • • • • • 30

Hupeh Forum Urges Stepped-Up Fight Against Schistosomiasis

(Hupeh Provincial Service, 7 Oct 77) 32

'KIMGSI JIH-PAO' Article on Eliminating Schistosomiasis

(Kiangsi Provincial Service, 4 Sep 77) 3^-

Hainan Holds Meeting on Maternity, Infant Welfare Work

(Hainan Island Regional Service, 8 Oct 77) 36

- D -
POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

'HUNAN DAILY' EDITORIAL HAILS PROVINCIAL CCP CONGRESS

Changsha Hunan Provincial Service in Mandarin 2330 GMT 21 Oct 77 HK

[HUNAN DAILY editorial: "Advance in Victory Along the Line of the 11th Party

Congress—Warmly Celebrating the Victorious Conclusion of the Fourth Hunan

Provincial CCP Congress"; date not given]

[Summary] Under the earnest concern of Chairman Hua and the Party Central

Committee and under the guidance of the spirit of the 11th Party Congress,

the Fourth Hunan Provincial CCP Congress has completed its tasks and victoriously

ended. This congress held high Chairman Mao's great banner, resolutely implemented the line of the 11th Party Congress, summed up the experiences of

the struggle between two lines in our province since the Third Provincial

Party Congress, particularly the experiences of the struggle against the "gang

of four," and worked out the combat tasks in our province under the new

policy decision. The congress selected the Fourth Hunan Provincial CCP

Committee. The congress will play a great part in and have a far reaching

effect on impelling socialist revolution and construction throughout the

province.

Seven years have elapsed since the Third Provincial Party Congress. These

rather unusual 7 years were years in which a life-and-death struggle was

waged between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, socialism and capitalism,

and Marxism and revisionism, and a great victory was won. "Over the past

7 years, under the correct leadership of the Provincial CCP Committee, the

party members, armymen and people in Chairman Mao's native province have

persisted in Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line, closely followed

the strategic plans of Chairman Mao, Chairman Hua and the Party Central

Committee and waged resolute struggles against Lin Piao's antiparty clique

and his agents sent to Hunan, particularly against the antiparty clique of

the "gang of four," their black hand stretched into Hunan—the bourgeois

careerist and conspirator—and the small number of people they recruited.

They have smashed their frantic attacks one after another and won great

victories one after another. They have undergone stringent tests and steeling." The mass movements to learn from Ta-ching in industry and from Ta-chai

in agriculture in the urban and rural areas throughout the province have been

on a magnificent scale, and the situation of the new leap forward in the

national economy is emerging.
"We have taken a heavy burden and embarked on a long road in continuing

the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat. In the new historical period of carrying on past traditions and opening up a way for those

who follow, party organizations at all levels, party members, armymen and

people throughout the province must actively respond to the call issued by

this party congress, hold aloft Chairman Mao's great banner, closely follow

the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua, implement the line of the

11th Party Congress and the strategic policy decision on grasping the key

link in running the country well, and struggle to initially build our province

into a socialist industrial province by 1980 and our country into a modernized,

powerful socialist country within this century." This is a very glorious

and arduous task. To accomplish this task we must have very high revolutionary

fighting spirit, very great energy and very good style of work. Basically

speaking, we must arm our minds with Chairman Mao's great theory of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat.

At present the situation at home and abroad is excellent. The situation is

very favorable to us. We must grasp this situation and advance victoriously.

We must quickly turn the combat call issued by the congress into practical

actions of the 1.7 million party members and the 48 million armymen and

people in the entire province. Like leading comrades of the Ministry of

Petroleum and Chemical Industries, leading cadres at all levels must seize

the day, go deep into basic-level units, conduct investigation and study and

take the lead in working hard. Proceeding from reality, we must persist in

grasping the three great revolutionary movements simultaneously and carry

out the tasks, one by one, put forward by the congress. We must firmly grasp

the key link of exposing and criticizing the "gang of four" and regard it as

the core of our work and as the impetus for all items of work. We must pay

attention to current work, tidy up communes, brigades and enterprises,

mobilize people to engage in winter cultivation and farmland capital construction, learn science and technology, promote production of electricity and

coal and whip up a new upsurge of revolution and production. We must accelerate the pace of building Ta-ching-type enterprises everywhere and Ta-chaitype counties everywhere.

CSO: 4005
HUPEH ARTICLE RECALLS MAO'S REVOLUTIONARY PRACTICE

Wuhan Hupeh Provincial Service in Mandarin 1300 GMT 17 Oct 77 HK

[Excerpts of article by the Hupeh Provincial CCP Committee: "He Turned the

Tide and Accomplished Immortal Achievements—Recalling Great Leader and

Teacher Chairman Mao's Great Revolutionary Practice in Wuhan During the

Great Revolutionary Era"]

[Summary] "From the winter of 1926 to the autumn of 1927, great leader and

teacher Chairman Mao lived and fought for nearly 10 months in Hupeh. It was

an important stage during the first revolutionary war in China and was the

first critical juncture through which the Chinese revolution passed from

victory to defeat and from defeat to victory."

In the winter of 1926 the peasant movement centered in Hunan was developing

in a dynamic way. From 4 April to 5 February 1927, Chairman Mao inspected

the peasant movements in Hsiangtan, Hsianghsiang, Hengshan, Liling and

Changsha counties. Soon afterward he wrote the brilliant Marxist document

"Report On an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan" in his residence in Wuchang. "In March 1927 Chairman Mao founded the Central Peasant

Movement Institute in Wuchang. It recruited 800 students from all over the

country. They studied the theories of the peasant movement and participated

in revolutionary struggles."

To strengthen the unified leadership of the peasant movement throughout the

country, on 30 March 1927 the representatives of the peasant associations of

Kwangtung, Hunan, Hupeh and Kiangsi and of the Honan Armed Peasant SelfDefense Army held a joint conference at the office of the Hunan Peasant

Association. The conference elected 13 people, including Chairman Mao, Fang

Chih-min and Peng Pai, as committee members of the Provisional Executive

Committee of the National Peasant Association of China. Chairman Mao was

elected as a Standing Committee member and director of the Organization

Department, taking charge of the work of the Provisional Executive Committee.

In the spring of 1927 Chiang Kai-shek perpetrated a series of bloody incidents in Kanchou, Nanchang, Chiuchiang and Anching and whipped up a counterrevolutionary countercurrent. Within the Wuhan revolutionary government

the upper-level KMT elements represented by Wang Ching-wei also stepped up

their conspiracies with Chiang Kai-shek, suppressed and dealt blows to the
workers' and peasants' movements and conspired to launch a counterrevolutionary coup d'etat. Chairman Mao exposed the reactionary features of

Wang Ching-wei in a timely way and at the same time resolutely held that

the workers and peasants must take up weapons and use armed revolution to

oppose the armed counterrevolution.

In May 1927, after the main force of the Northern Expedition Army had gone

north, the reactionary warlord Hsia Tou-yin openly rebelled in Ichang and

attempted to attack and occupy Wuhan. The rebellious army approached the

suburban area of Wuhan, and the situation became very critical. Chairman

Mao was very decisive and sent students to cooperate with the troops under

the command of Comrade Yeh Ting. They defeated Hsiao Tou-yin and defended

Wuhan, the revolutionary center at that time.

"On 7 August 1927 the Party Central Committee held an urgent meeting in

Hankou attended by Chairman Mao, Tsai Ho-shen, Jen Pi-shih, Su Chao-cheng,

Chang Tai-lei, Teng Hsiao-ping and other comrades. At the meeting Chairman

Mao criticized the right opportunist Chen Tu-hsiu's mistakes in voluntarily

relinquishing leadership power over the united front and in opposing the

peasant revolution." The meeting affirmed the general principles of resisting

the KMT reactionaries' slaughter policies with armed force and of launching

the land reform. It also decided to stage the autumn harvest uprising.

"After the meeting, as a commissioner of the central authorities, Chairman

Mao went to Hunan to convey the spirit of the 7 August meeting, reorganized

the Hunan Provincial CCP Committee, led the autumn harvest uprising in the

border region of Hunan and Kiangsi and the march toward Chingkangshan, and

established the first rural revolutionary base. He founded the first workers'

and peasants' Red Army, lit the spark of 'armed separatism by workers and

peasants' and opened up the brilliant road of using the rural areas to

besiege the cities and ultimately seizing the cities. Under the leadership

of Chairman Mao, the Chinese people have followed this revolutionary road,

gone through the second recolutionary war in China, the war against Japanese

aggression and the war of liberation, and won the great victory of the new

democratic revolution."

CSO: 4005

k
'GANG OF FOUR'S' USE OF CHAOYANG AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCORED

Peking KUANG-MING JIH-PAO in Chinese 23 Oct 77 pp 1, 2 HK

[Article by reporters and correspondents of LIAO-NING JIH-PAO and Liao-ning

Radio: "The Truth Is Revealed and the Evidence Is Irrefutable—Exposing and

Criticizing the Crimes of the 'Gang of Four' and Their Followers in Using

the Chaoyang Agricultural College As a Tool for Usurping Party and State

Power"]

[Summary] "Editor's Note: The 'gang of four,' their confidant

in Liao-ning Province, and counterrevolutionary careerist Chih

Chun [6688 5028] used the so-called 'experience of the Chaoyang

Agricultural College' as a big stone to hurl at the party and

to push their counterrevolutionary political progräm. They

held an on-the-spot meeting to direct the spearhead at esteemed

and beloved Premier Chou. They concocted the antiparty slogan

'Work in opposition to the 17 years after national liberation'

and distorted the historical fact that Chairman Mao's revolutionary line had been predominent for the past two decades or

so. They ranted that the college had only one major, 'The

major of struggle against capitalist roaders,' and attempted

to train youths into counterrevolutionary hatchetmen like

Chang Tieh-sheng."

The "gang of four" and their confidant in Liaoning vigorously publicized the

so-called "experience of the Chaoyang Agricultural College" and made this

college a "model" for the purpose of usurping party and state power.

In the second half of 1974 the "gang of four" stepped up their conspiratorial

activities to usurp party and state power. Their confidant in Liaoning and

Chih Chun also took advantage of the "on-the-spot m-eting to learn from the

experience of the Chaoyang Agricultural College in conducting the education

revolution" and wantonly directed the spearhead at the Party Central Committee.

Their aim was to topple Premier Chou and other leading comrades of the State

Council.

At the meeting the followers of the "gang of four" praised the Chaoyang

Agricultural College as an advanced school "holding high the banner of the

Anti-Japanese Military and Political College and taking the road of a communist labor university." Meanwhile, they fabricated charges against the

5
Kiangsi Communist Labor University founded by Chairman Mao and supported by

Premier Chou. Obviously, they took the Chaoyang Agricultural College as a

stone and hurled it at the red flag of "Communist Labor University" and

Chairman Mao's revolutionary line on education.

The antiparty slogan chanted by the "gang of four" and their followers,

"work in opposition to the 17 years after national liberation," was aimed

at "obliterating the fact that Chairman Mao's revolutionary line on education

predominated during the 17 years after liberation. It completely negated

the tremendous achievements scored by vast numbers of cadres and masses on

the education front during these 17 years." A month after Premier Chou

passed away, the "gang of four" put forward a poisonous article entitled

"Building a New World While Criticizing the Old World." They pinned on the

leading comrades of the Party Central Committee and the State Council who

emphasized all-round implementation of the party's education policy the

political labels of "eclectic sophists," "those stirring up the rightist wind

to reverse verdicts," "defenders of all old systems and capitalist restorationists."

The "gang of four" wanted to turn the Chaoyang Agricultural College into a

"political college" for training "stanch fighters against capitalist roaders."

They elaborately concocted the counterrevolutionary political program that

"old cadres are democrats and democrats are capitalist roaders." They fabricated a so-called "new change in class relations" and asserted that the

"bourgeoisie" was in our party.

Integrating teaching with scientific research and productive labor is a

new pedagogical system of a socialist university. But, to suit the needs

of the "political college," the "gang of four" said that "productive labor

should be the foundation." Political activities and productive labor were

allowed to take up as much time as required, and teaching was conducted

during the time left over. As a result, scientific researchers became

laborers, scientific research funds were misappropriated and most of the

scientific research equipment was damaged.

In the first half of 1976, when the "gang of four" quickened their pace

of usurping party and state power, that confidant of the gang in the

Chaoyang Prefectural Party Committee and another confidant in the Chaoyang

Agricultural College developed the "political college bureaus and faculties,"

that is, the various faculties of the Chaoyang Agricultural College and the

various bureaus of the prefectural party committee ran the offices together.

Some students of this college took over the principal posts of the bureaus.

This actually meant substituting the college for the government.

As the "experience of the Chaoyang Agricultural College" played an ever

greater role in opposing the party, the "gang of four" and their followers

tightened their control over this college. In January 1975 Chiang Ching

personally recommended students for admission to this college. In October

1975, when the "gang of four" were stepping up their antiparty activities,
their confidant in this college sent a large delegation to Tsinghua and

Peking universities. The Gang's two lieutenants in Peking and their jackal

in charge of agriculture in Liaoning took the opportunity to whip up a wave

of counterrevolutionary demagogy. Their female lieutenant in Peking said:

"The Chaoyang Agricultural College [delegation] is highly sensitive. It

has come at a good time. Its coming gives us support." That sinister

Lieutenant Chih Chun also said: "We are comrades in arms. Our hearts beat

in unison." That jackal felt so overwhelmingly flattered that he said:

"The Chaoyang Agricultural College is a branch of Tsinghua and Peking

universities."

"That confidant of the 'gang of four' in the Chaoyang Agricultural College

colluded with the two sinister lieutenants in Peking and acted against the

plans and policies laid down by Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee.

He collected by illegal means the speeches made by a few leading comrades of

the State Council, vilified them as absurdities and put them up for open

criticism at the college. He also sent some people to other places to 'make

investigations' and 'collect' ammunition for attacking the central leading

comrades.

"After the complete downfall of the 'gang of four,' their followers and

confidants in Liaoning were not reconciled to their defeat but made a deathbed struggle. That confidant in the Chaoyang Agricultural College put up

a desperate fight and maintained his reactionary stand. He wildly attacked

the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua and refused to expose and

criticize the conspiratorial activities of the 'gang of four' and their .

followers."

The vast numbers of teachers and students of the Chaoyang Agricultural

College saw and hated the criminal activities of the "gang of four" and their

followers in Liaoning. After the "gang of four" were smashed, they wrathfully exposed and criticized the towering crimes committed by the "gang of

four" and their followers in Liaoning.

CSO: 4005
ECONOMIC

10 DO'S, .lO.-DON'TS ON ECONOMIC FRONT CLARIFIED "

Party Leadership

Peking Domestic Service in Mandarin 1040 GMT 22 Oct 77 OW

[Second in series of talks entitled: "Deepen th&Uriticism of the Gang of

Four and Clarify the '1Q Do's and 10 Don'ts1on the Economic Front" under

the subtitle: "Whether or Not We Need Party Leadership"]

[Summary] "'Whether or not we need party leadership' is the focus of the

struggle between Marxism and revisionism. In this regard a serious divergence and sharp struggle exist between our party and the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao

antiparty clique. The CCP is a great, glorious and correct party personally

founded by the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao. It is the force at

the core which leads our revolutionary cause. However, to realize its criminal aims to usurp party and state power and restore capitalism, the Gang

of Four wantonly intervened in and undermined our party, resulting in impurity in the party's ideological and organizational work and workstyle and

in the weakening and sabotaging of its leadership.

"In the political report delivered at the 11th National CCP Congress, Chairman Hua pointed out: To grasp the key link in running the country it is,

necessary to run the party well. To grasp the key link in running the party

it is necessary, first of all, to thoroughly criticize the various fallacies

spread by the Gang of Four on this major issue of party leadership, to eliminate their pernicious influence and to truly understand, through the exposure

and criticism of the gang, the significance in strengthening party leadership.

It is of great significance to party building. It is also of great immediate

significance to the mass movement to learn from Taching and build.up Tachingtype enterprises and to learn from Tachai and build up Tachai-type counties

throughout the country."

We would like to discuss the issue in the following three parts:
"1. It is essential to persist in the Marxist principle that 'the party must

lead everything.*"

In the period of socialist revolution, Chairman Mao pointed out: "The

Chinese Communist Party is the core of leadership of the whole Chinese people.

Without this core the cause of socialism cannot be victorious." Chairman Mao

also said: "Of the seven sectors—industry, agriculture, commerce, culture

and education, the army, the government and the party—it is the party that

exercises overall leadership." We have won tremendous victories in the new

democratic revolution and in the socialist revolution simply because Chairman

Mao built the party well ideologically, politically and organizationally, and

persisted in upholding the Marxist principle that "the party must lead everything ."

"The Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao Gang of Four were a bunch of vicious enemies of

Marxism. They feared and hated most the tremendous victories won by the

Chinese people under the leadership of the party. Proceeding from their

counterrevolutionary deeds they tried a thousand and one ways to oppose the

principle that the party must lead everything."

They ranted about "using mass organizations to replace the party" and "kicking party committees aside to make revolution." Without the Communist Party

there will be no new China, nor will there be victories in socialist revolution and construction. Without the party committees, how can we make revolution? What the Gang of Four sought to make was not revolution but counterrevolution. They tried to topple the Communist Party and kick aside the

party committees at all levels which persisted in upholding Chairman Mao's

revolutionary line and dared to struggle against the gang. They also recruited new-born counterrevolutionary.elements and those who engaged in beating, smashing and looting to carry out the criminal activities to usurp

party and state leadership and replace the party with the gang.

"Under the control and influence of the Gang of Four, some units disobeyed the

party committees and refused to follow the party's decisions. Some of the

units substituted their factions for the party committees, placed themselves

above the party committees and issued orders and directives themselves, thus

seriously disrupting the centralized and unified leadership of the party.

In areas and units where the Gang of Four extended their tentacles the party

organizations were paralyzed, communication lines were interrupted, factories

stopped production and capitalist trends became rampant."

The party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua smashed the Gang of Four,

crushed their bourgeois factionalist setup and strengthened the party's leadership. Profound changes have rapidly taken place in revolution and production

in areas and units where the Gang of Four had tight control. Facts prove

that the revolution will win victories and production will surge, once the

party's leadership is strengthened, and that the revolution will suffer setbacks and production will be disrupted if the party's leadership is weakened

or undermined,
"2. It is totally impermissible to create antagonism between the party leadership in the.ideological-political line and the party's organizational leadership."

The party's centralized leadership is exercised through its leadership in

the ideological-political line and its organizational leadership. "However,

with ulterior motives, the Gang of Four set the party leadership in the ideological-political line against its organizational leadership. They attacked

the party's organizational principle and party discipline as 'the old rut' and

'restrictions and fetters' which ought to be discarded, and they advocated

anarchism, clamoring that 'the correct orientation is to direct the spearhead upward against the leadership,' thus seriously undermining the party's

centralized leadership and its solidarity and unity.

"'The correctness or incorrectness of the ideological and political line decides everything.' The leadership in the ideological-political line is the

leadership of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line. Only on the basis of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line can an ideological-political unity of the whole

party be achieved, can the party become a united, strong, unified and fighting party, and can it guide the complex struggles in the course of revolution and accomplish the great historical missions shouldered by us. But the

party leadership in thVideological-political line and its organizational

leadership are unified and inseparable. Without a correct ideological-political line the party's organization cannot be consolidated and developed.

Similarily, the party's organizational consolidation is an important guarantee

for implementing its ideological-political line.

It is therefore necessary to rely upon party organizations at various levels

to implement the party's ideological-political line. If the party's organizational leadership is written off, its leadership in the ideological-political

line will get nowhere and cannot be exercised. Isn't it true?"

The Gang of Four set the party's leadership in the ideological-political line

against its organizational leadership in a vain attempt to paralyze party

organizations at various levels and write off party leadership as a whole.

They intended to disguise themselves as representatives of the correct line

and the-reincarnation of party leadership. Their "correct line" was not

Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line but their counterrevolutionary

revisionist line designed to usurp party and state leadership. Their "leadership" was not our party's leadership but their factional leadership.

"We must therefore thoroughly expose and criticize this counterrevolutionary

plot of the Gang of Four, enable all party members to know the dialectical

relationship between the party's leadership in the ideological-political line

and its organizational leadership, further strengthen our party concept,

resolutely implement the party's line, principles and policies, adhere to the

principle of the party's democratic centralism, faithfully carry out party

resolutions, strictly observe party discipline and wage resolute struggle

against those who undermine party organizational principles and engage in

antiparty factional activities and splittism.

10
"3. It is totally impermissible to create antagonism between the central

leadership and the leadership of local party committees at all levels.

"Our party's organizations, from the central to the grassroots levels, are an

entity, and every party organization of any locality, department or unit is

an integral part of the whole party. In other words, the leadership, either

exercised by the party Central Committee or by local party committees at

various levels, is indispensable to party leadership. Of course, the party

Central Committee is the party's supreme headquarters, and its leadership is

of prime importance and plays the most important role. Only under the party

Central Committee's centralized leadership can our party become a strong leading core and bring its leading role into full play. However, the leadership

of local party committees at various levels is also indispensable. If the

necessary leading role of local party committees under the centralized leadership of the central party committee is negated, the party Central Committee's

leadership will not exist and it will be impossible to exercise the party's

centralized leadership and implement the party's line, principles and policies,

hence making it impossible to see to it that the task of consolidating the

dictatorship of the proletariat is fulfilled down to every grassroots unit. In

this connection Lenin correctly pointed out: 'The activities of the party's

local organizations constitute the foundation of all party activities as a

whole.' Therefore, while strengthening the party Central Committee's centralized leadership it is necessary to strengthen the leadership of local

party committees at all levels."

The Gang of Four did their utmost to oppose and undermine the leadership of

local party committees at various levels and set the party Central Committee's leadership against that of local party committees at various levels.

They distorted right and wrong in a vain attempt to paralyze party committees

and even clamored that party committees at various levels must be crushed.

The "central committee" they referred to was not the party Central Committee

headed by Chairman Mao but their factional central committee. Their followers openly clamored: "You have your Central Committee and we have ours."

Chiang Ching also said: "If you do not listen to my words it means you do

not listen to party instructions." They wanted to place their own faction

above the party Central Committee as well as party organizations at various

levels.

"We must thoroughly expose and criticize the Gang of Four's criminal scheme

designed to oppose the party Central Committee and undermine local party committees at various levels in order to undermine the leadership of the whole

party, and resolutely obey the command of the party Central Committee headed

by Chairman Hua. In the meantime we must also uphold the leadership of

local party committees at various levels, rigidly carry out resolutions adopted

and instructions issued by local party committees at various levels and never

permit anyone to negate and oppose the leadership of party committees under

any pretext.

"In the report on the revision of the party constitution Vice Chairman Yeh

pointed out: The Gang of Four serves as an excellent teacher by negative

example and has given us a very good lesson by creating confusion on the

11
character of the party and its leadership role. The cadres and masses on

our economic front must make good use of the Gang of Four as a teacher bynegative example, arm themselves with Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung thought,

strengthen party leadership over economic work and, under the leadership of

the party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua, deepen the mass movements

of learning from Taching in industry and from Tachai in agriculture and make

new contributions toward accelerating our country's economic growth and realizing the four modernizations in China before the end of the century."

Significance of Production

Peking Domestic Service in Mandarin 1040 GMT 24 Oct 77 OW

[Fourth in a series of talks under the general title: "Deepen the Criticism

of the Gang of Four and Clarify the f10 Do's and Don'ts* on the Economic

Front"; this talk is entitled "Whether or Not It Is Necessary To Promote

Production Well"; previous talks in this series not processed]

[Excerpts] A fundamental task of the continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat is to promote production well and rapidly develop the

socialist economy on the basis of putting politics- in command. This is

Marxist common sense. Nevertheless, the Gang of Four deliberately opposed

revolution to production, spread various fallacies, wantonly labeling and

bludgeoning others. They slandered those who promoted production as "criminal" and praised those who sabotaged production as "meritorious," thus

creating an abnormal situation in which "it was wrong to put every effort into

building socialism and it was right to enjoy the fruits of socialism without

having to work." They have inflicted heavy losses on socialist revolution

and construction. We must firmly grasp the key link of class struggle to

penetratingly expose and criticize the ultra-rightist essence of the counterrevolutionary revisionist line pursued by the Gang of Four. We must set to

rights those things they turned upside down with regard to right and wrong

on political line, ideology and theory. We must have a correct understanding

of the dialectic relationship between revolution and production and have a

profound understanding of the significance of promoting socialist production

well.

Let use discuss the following four points in connection with the significance of promoting production:

1. Efforts to develop socialist production are required to strengthen the

material foundation of the dictatorship of the proletariat in order to defeat

the capitalist forces.

To completely defeat the resistance and restorational activities of the new

and old-line bourgeoisie remains an arduous task to be fulfilled. To fulfill

this task we must rely not only on the political power of the dictatorship

of the proletariat but on its strong economic power as well. Only by promptly

12
achieving the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense and

science and technology, and rapidly developing socialist production, can we

strengthen the material foundation of the dictatorship of the proletariat,

constantly enhance the supremacy of socialism and defeat the capitalist forces in the course of the struggle between the two classes and two roads.

2. Speedy development of socialist production is required to strengthen our

national defense forces and our preparedness against imperialist and socialimperialist aggression. The contemporary era is still an era of revolutionary

struggle between imperialism and the proletariat. As long as imperialism

and social-imperialism exist in the world, war is inevitable. Our socialist

country must constantly strengthen its national defense forces and have a

strong national defense establishment. War is not only a trial of military

and political strength but also a trial of economic strength.

The economy is the foundation of national defense. Only speedy economic

development can bring about greater progress in national defense construction.

The factors for revolution-and war are both increasing in the world today and

the contention between the two hegemonic powers—the Soviet Union and the

United States—is becoming ever more acute. Soviet revisionism has not given

up its wild ambition to subjugate China. With the wolf and tiger confronting

us, we must compete with imperialists, revisionists and reactionaries; race

against time; and work as quickly as possible to speed up socialist production, economic construction, national defense construction and the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology.

We must provide firm and reliable material guarantees to assure victory in

wars against aggression in the future. Only in this way can we provide greater

material support for the revolutionary struggles waged by the world's people,

perform our proletarian internationalist duty in a still better way and

make greater contributions to mankind.

3. Efforts to develop socialist production are required to gradually improve

the material and cultural life of the people.

Only by promoting production well and developing the socialist economy at

high speed can we gradually satisfy the steadily increasing demands of the

material and cultural life of the people and further fire their enthusiasm for

putting every effort into building socialism. The Gang of Four desperately

opposed and sabotaged our efforts to promote production. Their criminal

objective was to prevent us from satisfying the people's demands and drastically undermine the superiority of the socialist system.

4. Rapid development of socialist production is also required to gradually

narrow the three major differences and to prepare material conditions for the

transition to a communist society. The historical mission of the proletariat

is to eradicate capitalism from the earth, relegating it to history, destroy

all exploiting classes, eliminate all class difference and realize communism.

13
The afore-mentioned points show that to promote socialist production and

modernize agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology

is a major issue concerning the future and destiny of our party and our country. Chairman Mao pointed out as early as 1956 that China should strive to

overtake the United States in 50 or 60 years economically, that if we don't,

we the Chinese nation will be letting the nations of the world down and we

will not be making much of a contribution to mankind, and should be read off

the face of the earth. What an encouragement and inspiration Chairman Mao's

words are to us. We are determined to hold high Chairman Mao's great banner,

seriously implement the militant tasks set by the 11th National Congress of

the party and work hard under the leadership of the party Central Committee

headed by Chairman Hua.

CSO: 4006

lU
GANG SCORED FOR OPPOSING PLANNED ECONOMY

Peking KUANG-MING JIH-PAO in Chinese 31 Oct 77 p 3

[Article by Wu Chia-pei, Chang Shou-i and Chiu Chuan-ying; "Criticizing

the Fallacies of the 'Gang of Four' Against Planned Economy"]

[Summary] "In their scheme to undermine socialism and disrupt the entire

socialist economy so as to usurp party and state power and restore capitalism

amid the chaos, the 'Gang of Four' concocted all kinds of fallacies, feverishly opposed the socialist planned economy and went all-out to promote

liberalization of the economy." Because of their interference and disruption

our national economy was reduced to a state of semi-anarchy. We must thoroughly criticize the fallacies they spread to sabotage planned economy.

"In a periodical under their control, the 'Gang of Four' preached that the

practice of planned economy was by no means 'a criterion for determining the

nature of a state,' Tfteysaid: 'The allegation that the mere practice of

planned economy means socialism doesn't hold water.'" This was most preposterous and reactionary.

"Marxism holds that the practice of planned economy is an essential feature

distinguishing the socialist system from the capitalist system and is an

important indication of the tremendous advantages of socialism." The dictatorship of the proletariat and public ownership of the means of production are

two basic requirements necessary for practicing planned economy. "The 'Gang

of Four' severed the inner organic link between planned economy and socialist

production relations and obliterated the differences between socialism and

capitalism,, declaring^that capitalist 'countries also develop their economies

'in a planned way' and that the social-imperialist country of the Soviet Union

'is still practicing planned economy.' This was a flagrant attempt to embellish capitalism and social-imperialism."

In a capitalist country it is impossible to run the entire national economy

according to a unified plan, because the means of production belong to the

15
capitalists. In light of the outcry made by bourgeois apologists about

"planned capitalism," Lenin incisively pointed out: "The socialization of

labor by capital has advanced so far that even bourgeois literature loudly

proclaims the necessity of the 'planned organization of the national economy....* This is a 'sign of the times,1

a sign of the complete break-up of

the capitalist system." In arbitrarily lumping together planned economy and

capitalism, the "Gang of Four" were making a futile attempt to prettify the

latter.

In the Soviet Union today the dictatorship of the proletariat has turned into bourgeois fascist dictatorship and socialist public ownership into ownership by the bureaucrat-monopoly bourgeoisie. "Under the rule of the Soviet

revisionist renagade clique, capitalist competitions and anarchy in production

again emerged, the national economy developed in a lopsided way, proportional

relations were seriously out of balance» the number of unemployed grew larger

and larger, and the working people were in deep waters. The entire national

economy had long since turned into a bureaucrat-monopoly capitalist economy."

The "Gang of Four" fully revealed their true colors as lackeys of the Soviet

revisionists when they applied rouge and powder to this kind of bureaucratmonopoly capitalist economy.

"To the 'Gang of Four* a state of whatever nature was a planned economy so

long as economic planning was carried out by the state. They simply did not

understand that economic planning falls into the category of ideology and must

not be equated with planned economy. They also did not understand that there

is a world of difference between econmic planning in a socialist country

and that in a capitalist or social-imperialist country both in terms of the

production relations they reflect and in the class interests and aspirations

they embody, and the two must not be lumped together."

Chairman Mao said; VWithout a high degree of democracy it is impossible to

have a high degree of centralism, and without a high degree of centralism it

is impossible to establish a socialist economy." Centralized and unified

leadership under the Central Committee is a fundamental guarantee for practicing planned economy. "With ulterior motives the 'Gang of Four' attacked

the party's centralized and unified leadership over the national economy as

'direct and exclusive control of enterprises by the ministry concerned' and

even as 'bureaucrat^monopoly,' 'revisionism' and 'bourgeois dictatorship.'"

We are also against "direct and exclusive control of enterprises by the

ministry concerned" becuase rigid control would fetter the initiative of

local authorities. We always advocate giving full play to the two sources

of initiative from the central and local authorities under the unified

planning of the state. We know from our experiences in building socialism

that on the premise of giving play to the two sources of initiative we can

develop our national economy at a high speed provided we concentrate our

manpower, and material and financial resources on a few projects. Inappropriate

decentralization is harmful to the high-speed development of our national

economy.

16
"Exploiting the criticism of 'direct and exclusive control of enterprises by

the ministry concerned,' the 'Gang of Four' opposed the centralized and unified leadership of the party Central Committee over economic work. They

obscured the demarcation line between bureaucratic centralism and conscious

and democratic proletarian centralism so as to oppose 'leadership, planning

and control which are not unduly centralized' but indispensable for realizing

planned economy. They interfered with and disrupted the normal functioning

of central departments by confusing the distinction between 'direct and exclusive control of enterprises by the ministry concerned' should be 'directed

against those who are still in office.'" This was an integral part of their

conspiracy to usurp party and state power [as received].

In order to practice planned economy, we must have stricter planning to insure

the all-round fulfillment of the state plan. But the "gang of Four" deliberately created confusion by spreading the mistaken idea that "it is all right

if we cannot fulfill our plans so long as the line is correct."

The "Gang of Four" smeared the eight economic and technical indices as "eight

massive cudgels" and the seven systems for the management of enterprises as

"seven ropes." They described the efforts made by various enterprises to

fulfill the targets set in the state plan as "revisionism" and "putting targets

in command." This was another poisonous arrow shot at socialist planned economy.

In order to oppose planned economy and promote liberalization, the "Gang of

Four" also distorted the role of the law of value in socialist society.

"They completely denied the fact that due to the establishment of the system of public ownership of the means of production, a country under the

dictatorship of the proletariat was able to understand the law of value and

make it serve the socialist planned economy. They believed that the law

of value still blindly regulated production and circulation in socialist

society as it did in capitalist society."

"They fundamentally denied that the socialist economy was mainly dominated

by the law of planned and proportionate development and that the law of value

only supplemented the state plan* Provided that they are properly applied,

these two laws do not necessarily have to be one waning and the other waxing,

nor do they have to be in opposition to each other."

They described the temporary disequilibrium in the supply .land demand of

certain commodities as a constant and universal phenomenon which "exists

daily and hourly.!' Actually, they were trying to advertise the role of the

law of value as a spontaneous regulator, a means for achieving equilibrium

in supply and demand. According to their "theory," spontaneity and blindness

are bound to replace planning and economic liberalization is bound to undermine the planned economy, and ultimately capitalism will vanquish socialism.

17
"The 'Gang of Four' denigrated the socialist planned economy and described

it as capitalist laissez-faire economy in order to mold public opinion for

their pushing a counterrevolutionary revisionist line in the economic sphere.

In localities under their control they set up their own systems, worked out

their own policies, did not commit themselves to the tasks set in the state

plan, did not report their plans to the state, and allowed themselves freedom of production, recruitment, exchange, pricing and in undertaking projects." They even opposed Chairman Mao's "policy of autocratic rule in foreign

trade" and clamored about "making revolution against monopoly." The essential

truth was that they wanted to make revolution against socialism.

"The fallacies and criminal activities of the 'Gang of Four' against socialist planned economy embody a concentrated reflection of the desire of class

enemies at home and abroad to restore capitalism in China, The struggle

between our party and the 'Gang of Four' on the economic front is a major

battle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat over restoration and counter-restoration. We must carry through to the end the great struggle to

expose and criticize the 'Gang of Four' and further eliminate their effect

and remnant poison in the economic sphere so that socialist planned economy

can blossom and bear abundant fruits on the vast expanse of our motherland.

CSO: 4006

18
PEKING PAPER CALLS FOR FURTHER INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS

Peking JEN-MIN JIH-PAO in Chinese 4 Nov 77 p 2 HK

[Short commentary: "Make Continuous Efforts"]

[Summary] As the year draws to a close and at a time when many factories,

mines and other enterprises have fulfilled or are about to fulfill the state

plan ahead of schedule, it is particularly necessary to promote the spirit

of making continuous efforts.

"Under the guidance of wise leader Chairman Hua's strategic policy decision

on grasping the key link in running the country well, the situation on the

industry and communications front, as on other fronts, is excellent. At

present a salient feature of this excellent situation is that in the course

of the great struggle to deeply expose and criticize the counterrevolutionary

revisionist line of the 'Gang of Four,' many factories, mines and other enterprises have fulfilled the state plan for the whole year ahead of schedule.

Due to the interference and sabotage of the 'Gang of Four,' some enterprises

had for a time fallen behind. But they have caught up, joined the ranks of

the advanced enterprises and will attain the target set for the year. Confronted by this excellent situation, two different attitudes might be adopted:

to rest contentedly on the results already achieved and to refuse to make

further progress, or to make continuous efforts by taking the over-all situation into consideration, emulating the advanced and continuously advancing

on the basis of one dividing into two. We favor the latter attitude, not the

former."

Even though many factories, mines and other enterprises have overfulfilled

the state plan, due to the interference and sabotage of the "Gang of Four"

some targets and standards were not sufficiently high. Therefore it is necessary for us to redouble our efforts in order to advance toward higher standards.

"The initial success achieved this year is the first step toward achieving

great success within 3 years. Besides striving to further raise the level

of production, it is also urgently necessary for those enterprises which

19
have already fulfilled this year's state plan ahead of schedule to make good

preparations in terms of equipment, raw materials and the organization of

manpower for production in the coming year. We must continue to make progress.

We cannot stand still."

Now is the crucial moment to make the final dash for complete victory in

fulfilling the combat task of grasping the key link in running the country

well. Let us carry forward the revolutionary spirit of fighting continously

without fear of fatigue, make continuous efforts and dash toward the new

goal.

CSO: 4006

20
EDITORIAL URGES THE RAISING OF MORE BEEF CATTLE

Peking JER-MIN JIH-PAO in Chinese 5 Wov 77 p 3 HK

[Short commentary: "More Cattle Can be Raised"]

[Summary] Wise leader Chairman Hua pointed out during a visit to Heilungkiang Province: "We should also tend the grasslands well and effect a great

advance in stockbreeding." "More cattle can be raised." Chairman Hua's

instructions point out the direction for the energetic development of stockbreeding and the building of cattle-breeding bases.

"In the past few years Heilungkiang Province has persisted in raising oxen

in disregard of the 'Gang of Four's' interference and sabotage, energetically built cattle-breeding bases, introduced fine strains, improved species

and gradually turned local oxen—which are small in size, slow in putting on

weight and low in meat output—into beef cattle which are bigger in size,

quick to gain weight and high in meat output."

With the continuous development of agricultural mechanization, the role of

draft oxen will gradually diminish. "Some people think that 'it is useless

to raise oxen' and 'cattle-raising is a losing business.' They are unwilling

to develop cattle-raising. This is a one-sided view which overlooks another

use of cattle. Certain counties in Heilungkiang Province made use of grasslands for the energetic development of beef cattle. This not only helps to

accumulate capital for the realization of agricultural mechanization, consolidate and strengthen the collective economy and change agricultural production conditions, but also serves to add to the income of commune members,

enliven the market and improve the people's livelihoods. A boost is also

given to foreign trade and export business. Facts and figures cited by

Chao-yuan County regarding the development of raising beef cattle show that

it has great potential."

"What is practiced in Chao-lyuan County and other places shows that even in

areas without grassland, cattle can also be raised for meat. The party committees of the areas concerned should mobilize the masses, make full use of

local favorable conditions and energetically develop cattle and sheep breeding in order to greatly promote stockbreeding."

CSO: 4006

21
BRIEFS

CANTON FOREIGN TRADE—By the end of September, Canton's foreign trade had fulfilled 80 percent of the annual procurement plan and 84 percent of the yearly

export plan, an increase of 4,3 and 22.7 percent, respectively, compared with

the same period last year, [Canton Kwangtung Provincial Service in Mandarin

1100 GMT 16 Oct 77 HK]

HEILUNGKIANG LIGHT INDUSTRY—In Mu-tan-chiang Prefecture of Heilungkiang

Province, 98.4 percent of the enterprises of the Second Light Industry Department were operating at a profit by the end of September. This percentage was

as high as 100 percent in the case of such enterprises in seven cities and

counties of Mu-tan-chiang Prefecture. The number of enterprises suffering

deficits in the prefecture declined 92,7 percent as compared with the corresponding period of 1976, and the total amount of money involved in such

deficits dropped 94 percent, [Harbin Heilungkiang Provincial Service in

Mandarin 1100 GMT 19 Oct 77 HK]

HONAN HYDROELECTRIC POWER—To date Wu-chih County has built 101 small hydroelectric power stations with a total capacity of 6,118 kw. It has also

erected some 1,300 li of electricity transmission cables. Industrial output this year has fulfilled the year's production quotas 3 months ahead of

schedule, and the value of total output increased 64 percent over the same

period last year. The county also reaped a bumper harvest in agriculture.

[Chengchow Honan Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 18 Oct 77 HK]

HAINAN INDUSTRIAL ACHIEVEMENTS—From January to September the total value of

industrial output in Chiung-hai County accounted for 78.5 percent of the

yearly plan, an increase of 17,1 percent over the corresponding period last

year, while costs decreased 4.6 percent and profits increased 11.4 percent.

This year the industry and communication fronts in this county have made 144

technical innovations, greatly reducing consumption of coal, coke, steel and

electricity. The people on these fronts have also recovered 300 tons of

discarded rolled steel and saved 21,500 kg of petroleum. [Haikow Hainan Island

Regional Service in Mandarin 0430 GMT 11 Oct 77 HK]

22
ANHWEI RECYCLING PROGRESS—By the end of September the people in Fu-yang

County had recovered a total of 368,000 yuan worth of discarded material,

overfulfilling the plan for the whole year. The material includes 1,578,000

catties of iron and steel. By the end of July the county had overfulfilled

the recovery plan for the whole year, Purchase points for discarded material

in the county have increased from 135 to 435. The various basic-level supply

and marketing cooperatives have set up repair sections for agricultural

machinery and tools, This year the county has repaired 40,000 pieces of

agricultural machinery and tools for the communes and brigades and produced

244,000 pieces of small agricultural tools with discarded material, [Hofei

Anhwei Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 16 Oct 77 HK]

HAINAN COUNTY'S HIGHWAYS—In the past 10 years or so, 75 highways have been

built in T'ung-ch'ang County. Their total length is 408 km, about 150 percent of the total length of highways in the county before 1965. The county

has 75 new bridges with a total length of 1,423 meters. In 1974, all the

brigades in the county could be reached by highways, and in 1976, 94 percent

of the production teams in the county could be reached by highways. [Haikow

Hainan Provincial Service in Mandarin 0430 GMT 19 Sep 77 HK]

KIRIN RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION—The Yen-tung-shan-Pai-shan-chen railway in Kirin

Province was completed and opened to traffic on 1 October. This railway runs

from Yen-tung-shan on the Shenyang-Kirin railway to Pai-shan-chen in the

southeastern part of Hua-tien County near the Sunghua River, and extends

119.45 kilometers. Construction of this railway has involved completing more

than 10 million cubic meters of earthwork and stonework, building 54 bridges,

50 tunnels, 354 culverts, and more than 60,000 square meters of buildings,

as well as laying 182.68 kilometers of track. [Changchun Kirin Provincial

Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 9 Oct 77 SK]

REROUTE RAIL SECTION—On 31 August, the No 3 construction section of Kirin

railway completed a project of rerouting the section of railway from T'ung-hua

to East T'ung-hua and opened it to traffic. Thanks to completion of this

project, a locomotive going through this section now enjoys lesser grade on

the track, increased haulage capacity by one-and-a-half times, less consumption of coal, greater safety in operation, and less strenous work required

of its personnel. [Changchun Kirin Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT

21 Sep 77 SK]

EXTEND BUS LINE—Ch'ang-ch'un municipality completed the construction of an

electrified bus extension line and opened it to traffic on 1 October. The

total length of this route No 2 is 5.6 kilometers, running from Ch'ang-ch'un

railway station on Hsi-an Road through Hung-chih Street to Hung-chi Street.

[Changchun Kirin Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 2 Oct 77 SK]

STATE PLANS FULFILLED—By the end of September, 19 plants and mines of Wu-hai

Municipality of Inner Mongolia fulfilled their state-assigned 1977 plans. In

the first 9 months of 1977, Wu-ta Coal Mining Administration fulfilled its

23
production plan for the first 10 months. On 10 October, the national day,

Wu-ta Coal Mining Administration overfulfilled its daily crude coal production quota by 32 percent, and Hai-po-wan Coal Mining Administration by

77.2 percent. [Huhehot Inner Mongolia Regional Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT

2 Oct 77]

NEW SUPERSPEED DRILL—Over the past 20 years, cutting tools in China have

been used in many fields of production, and their precision and structure

have reached advanced levels. The Ch'un drill bit [ch'un tsuan 5028 7018],

whose cutting performance greatly topped that of similar drill bits of the

capitalist countries, is so advanced in application that it leaves the

capitalist countries 10 years behind. The superspeed steel which China began

to produce recently is noted for its intensity, hardness, and friction resistance. Metal-cutting methods have also been greatly improved in China.

[Harbin Heilungkiang Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 28 Sep 77]

LIGHT INDUSTRY PRODUCTION—Ho-fei municipal light industrial system reported

that by September its total value of industrial production fulfilled this

year's state plan. Total production increased by 16.1 percent as compared

with the same period of last year, scoring the best record in history. [Hofei

Anhwei Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 9 Oct 77 HK]

ANHWEI COUNTY COOPERATIVE PROFITS—Fu-yang County (Cha-hua) supply, marketing

cooperative has strengthened the management of the enterprise and enlarged the

scope of business. It has increased profits and accumulated more capital for

the state. In 1976, it delivered to the state a profit of 65,000 yuan. This

year, it has already delivered to the state a profit of 70,000 yuan, up 40 percent over the same period last year. At the same time, it has also delivered

to the state a tax revenue of 120,000 yuan. This supply, marketing cooperative has also run a phosphate fertilizer plant itself and increased for

the state fixed assets of some 100,000 yuan. [Hofei Anhwei Provincial Service

in Mandarin 1100 GMT 4 Oct 77 HK]

SALVAGE SCRAP MATERIALS—The cadres and masses of Ch'u County have actively

retrieved scrap and old materials. According to statistics, the county has

retrieved some 3,800 tons of scrap iron and steel, overfulfilling the year's

task by 34 percent. They have also done a comparatively better job in fulfilling the tasks of retrieving odd pieces of paper, rags, scrap plastics,

and various other materials. Ch'u County has overfulfilled the task to retrieve scrap and old materials for 6 consecutive years. [Hofei Anhwei

Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 4 Oct 77 HK]

CHEKIANG ZEOLITE DEPOSITS—A vast deposit of zeolite has been discovered in

Lishui Prefecture, Chekiang Province. Sites indicating apparent zeolite deposits have also been discovered in a dozen counties in Chin-hua, Ning-po and

T'ai-chou prefectures. Zeolite is used in certain absorption and catalytic

processes and has many applications, including the treatment of industrial

wastes. In the past all zeolite used in industry in China was made synthetically. [Hangchow Chekiang Provincial Service in Mandarin 0400 GMT 17 Oct 77

OW] _____ —

2k
KWANGTUNG COUNTY POSTAL, TELECOMMUNICATIONS—Canton, 19 Oct—After 7 years of

hard work Nan-hai County, Kwangtimg, has transformed its backwardness in

postal and telecommunications. Carrier circuits have now been generally introduced in telecommunications services between the country seat and communes.

Mail in rural areas is being delivered by motor vehicle. Radio fascimile service has been made available between the county seat and certain communes, and

dial phones have been installed in the county seat and some communes. Wooden

telephone poles have been replaced with concrete ones, and radio telecommunications services have been introduced in three communes. [Peking NCNA Domestic

Service in Chinese 0113 GMT 19 Oct 77 OW]

SZECHWAN'S INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION—Between January and September, Szechwan's

total industrial production value was 28.7 percent more than the same period

last year. The output of 70 of the more than 80 principal products registered

an increase over the corresponding period last year. [Chengtu Szechwan Provincial Service in Mandarin 2140 GMT 28 Oct 77 HK]

HAI-NAN CEMENT PLANTS—The small cement plants in various counties and Haikow

in Hai-nan overfulfilled the state quotas for 1977 by 18,7 percent 3 months

ahead of schedule. Output was up 75.5 percent over the corresponding period

of last year. The Chiungchung County cement plant produced 5,545 tons of cement from January to September, 80 percent more than in a similar period of

last year. The plant reduced its costs by 26 percent in the same period.

Wenchang County cement plant produced 1,422 tons of cement in September.

[Haikow Hai-nan Island Regional Service in Mandarin 0430 GMT 27 Oct 77 HK]

HUPEH POWER GENERATOR—Hupeh's first 100,000-kilowatt power generator recently

came into operation. Construction began in 1974. After the fall of the Gang

of Four, the masses of workers, scientists and technicians worked very hard

and, with the support of the people and militiamen in neighboring countries,

they completed the project in good time, [Wuhan Hupeh Provincial Service in

Mandarin 1300 GMT 26 Oct 77 HK]

KWANGSI'S ELECTRICITY OUTPUT—Kwangsi has implemented generation of electricity

at five levels: prefectures, counties, communes, production brigades and production teams. During the past 11 years the region registered an average increase of 11,000 kilowatts every year. This has promoted the development of

agriculture and industry. At present the whole region is running some 1,600

medium- and small-sized hydroelectric stations with a total capacity of

152,700 kilowatts, an increase of 900 percent over 1965. Every commune

throughout the region has received electricity, while some 70 percent of the

production brigades and 50 percent of the production teams have been provided

with electricity. [Nanning Kwangsi Regional Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT

19 Oct 77 HK]

CS0: 4006

25
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

•KUANG-MING JIH-PAO' STRESSES IMPORTANCE OF LABORATORY WORK

Peking KUANG-MING JIH-PAO in Chinese 19 Oct 77 p 3 HK

[Article by Chou Pin: "Pay Attention to Laboratory Work"]

[Summary] "Our great leader and teacher Chairman Mao always attached special

importance to scientific experimentation. He regarded it as a great revolutionary movement indispensable for consolidating the dictatorship of the

proletariat and for building socialism and as one of the sources of correct

ideas.

"Scientific experimentation is an independent social activity derived and

developed from the struggle for production and is something which cannot be

replaced by actual production." Through experimentation we can more completely discover the essence of the natural world and advance science and

technology.

Laboratories are necessary for conducting scientific research. In a laboratory we can create all kinds of special conditions, such as ultra high

pressures, ultra high vacuums, ultra high or low temperatures, ultra strong

magnetic fields, and so forth, which are hard to obtain or directly use in

the natural world and are not yet present in the production process. "By

conducting research and experiments under these extreme conditions in laboratories we can acquire a broader and deeper knowledge of nature, discover the

laws of nature, advance new scientific theories, provide production and construction with new materials, techniques and products, blaze new trails in

technology and open up new spheres of production." At the same time, the

use of special laboratory instruments such as a high-energy synchrotron and

a radioastronomical telescope can advance our scientific research to a higher

level and broaden our horizons.

More often than not we cannot conduct research directly into the issues in

question. For example, take the inference of radiation sickness and the

cause of cancer. Of course we cannot carry out experiments directly on the

human body, but we can do so on monkeys or white mice.

"The development of modern natural sciences depends more and more heavily

on scientific experimentation. It has also become increasingly clear that

scientific research must set the pace for production and construction."

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"The progress made in the facilities for scientific experimentation is an

important condition for and a hallmark of the development of science and

technology. The technical level of scientific instruments is determined by

the level of production development. To catch up with and surpass advanced

world levels in science and technology, we must have a contingent of scientists

and technicians that ranks among the world's best and have the most advanced

scientific experiment facilities. As in fighting a war, we must have crack

troops and good weapons. In this way our scientific experimentation will be

raised to a new and higher level."

The "gang of four" obliterated the difference between scientific experimentation and the struggle for production, negated the importance and necessity

of laboratory work and wantonly slandered scientists and technicians. They

described laboratories as "stubborn bulwarks of capitalism," denigrated

laboratory work as "small production" divorced from the masses, abolished

research and experimentation in the name of "opening doors" and damaged

laboratory facilities.

"Chih Chun and other sworn confederates of the 'gang of four' at Tsinghua

University even ordered the smashing of the Water Conservancy Department's

laboratory office, which was equipped with advanced equipment. Because of

this, Tsinghua was unable to accomplish its assigned tasks of conducting

water conservation research and of teaching. The gang's followers in Shanghai

forcibly destroyed the Shanghai Biological Experimentation Center which was

in the process of being set up. Because of their crimes, many advanced precision instruments were lost, and the plan for biological research was buried."

We must thoroughly criticize and repudiate the gang's reactionary fallacies

and counterrevolutionary crimes aimed at negating laboratory work and

sabotaging scientific experimentation.

"At the 11th National CCP Congress our wise leader Chairman Hua put forward

the combat call to 'advance toward the modernization of science and technology.'

Strengthening laboratory work and putting it on a sound basis are concrete

measures for modernizing science and technology. In accordance with the spirit

of the CCP Central Committee circular on holding a national science conference,

we must quickly restore scientific research institutions that were disbanded

by the 'gang of four' and put in order those that were disrupted, try our

utmost to repair instruments and equipment damaged by the gang, concentrate

on the production of instruments and meters for experimentation, and create

the necessary conditions for scientific research as quickly as possible. In

addition, scientific research institutions must promote the study and development of special instruments for research purposes, use the achievements of

modern science and technology to expand the facilities for scientific experimentation, and speed up the automation and computerization of scientific

experiments. At the same time, we must adhere to the principle of walking

on two legs, combine indigenous with foreign methods, actively develop advanced

laboratory equipment on the one hand and make do with whatever we have on

the other, and give full play to available facilities."

CSO: 4006

27
SZECHWAN PARTY DECREES STRENGTHENED SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL WORK

Chengtu Szechwan Provincial Service in Mandarin 2140 GMT 18 Oct 77 HK

[SZECHWAN DAILY editorial: "Strengthen Leadership and Manage Science in a

Big Way"; date not given]

[Summary] "The CCP Central Committee's circular on the convocation of a

national conference on science has turned a new page in the annals of our

country's scientific work. In connection with the reality of our province,

the Provincial Party Committee put forward the decision on conscientiously

implementing the circular of the CCP Central Committee. Party committees

at all levels must act in accordance with the Provincial Party Committee's

decision and strengthen leadership. Under the guidance of the line of the

11th Party Congress, they must conscientiously organize the people to penetratingly study and extensively propagate the Party Central Committee's

circular."

"During the past 28 years and under the guidance of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, the development of this province's scientific and technical

work has been rapid, and its achievements are great. However, due to the

sabotage of the 'gang of four' and their factionalist force in Szechwan,

our cause of science and technology has been seriously disrupted."

Our province's scientific and technical levels are backward as compared with

the coastal provinces. Party organizations at all levels must mobilize,

strengthen leadership and do a good job of managing science in a big way without delay. "Party committees at all levels must pay special attention to

implementing the party's policy toward intellectuals without delay." It is

imperative to show concern for the working and living conditions of scientific

and technical personnel.

Under the guidance of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line and under the wise

leadership of the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua, we can

scale the heights of world science in the near future. Our goal must be

attained. Our goal can unquestionably be attained.

CSO: 4006

28
TIENTSIN RESEARCHERS DEVELOP PRECISION FLIGHT LOCATOR

Tientsin City Service in Mandarin 1330 GMT 21 Oct 77 SK

[Text] In collaboration with the Tientsin Radio Factory, the Civil Aviation

General Administration and the Tientsin Waterways Bureau, a certain research

institute has succeeded through research in building a high-precision radio

locator set [kao chingtu tingwei i hsi tung shepei]. This success has

closed a gap in precision radio locating technology in China.

This set of equipment comes in two types: the aerial type and the marine

type. Actual application shows that the aerial type can provide accurate and

unerring guidance in flight navigation, thus improving the efficiency and

quality of flight missions, saving labor, reducing labor intensity, lowering

the cost of flight missions, and enabling aircraft to carry out night flights

to serve agricultural interests more satisfactorily.

During a trial application the marine type proved capable of greatly improving

work efficiency. It can be used without being affected by storms and other

weather conditions, enabling a vessel to continue its operations [words

indistinct].

CSO: 4006

29
CHEMISTRY PROFESSOR DISCUSSES MODERNIZATION OE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY

Peking Domestic Service in Mandarin 1200 GMT 18 Oct 77 OW

[Report on interview with Tang Ao-ching, professor at Kirin University:

"Hold Aloft the Red Banner, Scale the Heights"; portion of interview recorded]

[Excerpts] On a bright autumn day this reporter was pleased to call on

Prof Tang Ao-ching at the Department of Chemistry, Kirin University. Comrade

Tang Ao-ching, presently vice chairman of the Kirin University Revolutionary

Committee and academic member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, returned

to the motherland from abroad in the early post-liberation period with an

earnest patriotic fervor. Under the party's leadership during the past

20 years or so, Comrade Tang Ao-ching has conscientiously studied MarxistLeninist works and Chairman Mao's works, paid attention to remolding his world

outlook, taken the road of integrating with workers, peasants and soldiers,

and industriously engaged in basic theoretical chemical researhc, thus contributing to the development of China's socialist science. In recent years,

by resisting the pressure of the "gang of four" and persevering in his research in basic chemical theories, he raised the principle of conservation

of molecular orbital symmetry from the stage of qualitative determination

to the stage of semiquantitative determination and, together with Comrade

Chiang Yuan-sheng and other coworkers, advanced a graph theory of molecular

orbitals. His work enriched and developed the molecular orbital theory in

quantum chemistry and marked a new achievement at the advanced world level.

The principle of conservation of molecular orbital symmetry was established

in the 1960's by summing up a large number of principles arrived at in

practical organic syntheses on the basis of the molecular orbital theory, a

significant theory in quantum chemistry. It was then developed after being

proved and enriched by numerous experiments. It is an important principle

in guiding organic syntheses research and chemical industrial production.

With the lofty aspiration of developing China's science to catch up and surpass the advance world level, Comrade Tang Ao-ching began his research in the

molecular orbital theory in 1973. While the busy research was going on,

the "gang of four" stirred up the evil wind of negating basic theoretical

research in order to usurp party and state power. Recalling his experience,

Comrade Tang Ao-ching said with deep emotion: [begin recording] "I recall

many things in those days. In the summer of 1950 I attended a national

30
science work conference. One afternoon the great leader Chairman Mao, in

buoyant spirits, came to the conference hall and cordially received all

representatives to the conference. At that conference our esteemed and

beloved Premier Chou, acting on Chairman Mao's instruction, made the decision

to include theoretical scientific research as an item in our country's

science development work. In 1962 I attended the second national science

work conference, at which Chairman Mao himself examined and approved a number

of basic theoretical research projects. In 1972 our esteemed and beloved

Premier Chou again issued a series of important instructions on strengthening

basic theoretical research. Without basic theoretical research, it is impossible to work out thousands upon thousands of major new techniques and

innovations. Failure to pay attention to basic theoretical research will

affect our important tasks and bring a big loss to us. In that case, we will

be unable to catch up with and surpass the advance world level of science

and technology. So I made up my mind to resolutely begin my basic theoretical

research without fear of the risk involved." [end recording]

In the course of their research work, Comrade Tang Ao-ching and his coworkers

used Marxist dialectic materialism to analyze and appraise the three different theories on molecular orbitals. They were thus able to put forward their

own calculation method and formula and advance a new theory, which develops

the principle of conservation of molecular orbital symmetry, raising it from

the stage of qualitative determination to the stage of semiquantitative determination. This achievement is of vital significance to the development

of basic chemical theories and organic syntheses industries in our country.

Comrade Tang Ao-ching not only persevered in basic theoretical research

himself but made positive efforts to train scientific research personnel for

our country who are both Red and expert. Through many years of practice,

Comrade Tang Ao-ching has deeply realized that great efforts should be made

to train scientific research personnel who are both Red and expert in order

that our country might achieve modernization of science and technology as

quickly as possible. For this reason he is always enthusiastic in doing a

good job of disseminating his knowledge of basic chemical theories. Indeed,

more than 300 researchers in basic chemical theories have received assistance

from Comrade Tang Ao-ching during the past 20 years or so.

CSO: 4006

31
HUPEH FORUM URGES STEPPED-UP FIGHT AGAINST SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Wuhan Hupeh Provincial Service in Mandarin 1300 GMT 7 Oct 77 HK

[Summary] "Three October was the 19th anniversary of the promulgation of

great leader and teacher Chairman Mao's brilliant poem 'Farewell to the God

of Plague.' The Hupeh Provincial CCP and revolutionary committees recently

held a forum and conducted commemorative activities. A responsible comrade

of the Hupeh Provincial Revolutionary Committee delivered a speech at the

forum."

Representatives of provincial organs, PLA units stationed in Wuhan, factories,

mines and other enterprises, medical colleges and medical scientific research

units present at the forum restudied Chairman Mao's brilliant poem and remembered Chairman Mao's warm concern for the people of the plague-stricken areas.

"In the past 20 years, under the guidance of Chairman Mao's revolutionary

line, party organizations at all levels in the plague-stricken areas of

Hupeh have taken class struggle as the key link and, in connection with the

movement to learn from Ia-chai in agriculture, vigorously fought a people's

war of sending off the God of Plague. They achieved very great results.

"The area of snails in the province has been reduced by 78 percent and the

number of patients by 65 percent; a group of counties, communes and brigades

which have basically eliminated schistosomiasis has emerged. A profound

transformation has occurred in the features of the plague-stricken areas.

The health of the people has improved, and agricultural production has been

promoted. There is a prosperous scene of 'The spring wind blows amid profuse

willow wands.'

"With the smashing of the "gang of four," the prevention of schistosomiasis

must be promoted in a big way. Since the beginning of last year the mass

movements to learn from Ta-chai in agriculture and from Yukiang in the

prevention of schistosomiasis have developed in plague-stricken areas throughout the province. Some 7.46 million laborers have plunged into the elimination of snails, and the area of (?insured) elimination of snails has increased

by 20 percent over the same period last year."

32
With the combined efforts of various medical scientific research units,

medical colleges, basic-level medical personnel and "barefoot" doctors,

Hupeh has achieved great success with the "new 505," a new medicine for

schistosomiasis first manufactured in Hupeh. Through clinical testing it

was shown that the medicine is highly effective and that the period of

treatment is short. It is safe and convenient and the cost is low. It has

been well received by the people of the plague-stricken areas and by medical

personnel.

CSO: 4006

33
'KIANGSI JIH-PAO' ARTICLE ON ELIMINATING SCHISTOSOMIASIS

Nanchang Kiangsi Provincial Service in Mandarin 1100 GMT 4 Sep 77 HK

[KIANGSI JIH-PAO commentator article: "Quicken the Pace of Bidding Farewell

to the God of Plague"; date not given]

[Summary] "In the days of commemorating the 19th anniversary of the publication of our great leader and teacher Chairman Mao's brilliant poem 'Farewell

to the God of Plague,' Wanan, Hukou, Fengcheng and Kaoan counties in our

province have basically wiped out schistosomiasis. The arrival of this good

news has inspired us. We hereby express our warm congratulations to the

people of those four counties on the new victories they have won on the preventive front against schistosomiasis.

"We hope that other areas will further learn from Yukiang and the four

counties, vie with each other, go all out, aim high and quicken the pace of

bidding farewell to the God of Plague.

"Accelerating the pace of bidding farewell to the God of Plague is a great

issue which means to hold aloft the great banner of Chairman Mao, closely

follow our wise leader Chairman Hua, quickly and completely wipe out

schistosomiasis, deliver some people from suffering and realize Chairman Mao's

behest.

"Chairman Mao issued a great call 22 years ago: 'It is imperative to wipe

out schistosomiasis.' Chairman Mao read a report 19 years ago that schistosomiasis had been wiped out in Yukiang County. He was then very happy and

could not sleep. Thus he happily wrote the brilliant, sublime and heroic

poem 'Farewell to the God of Plague.'

"During the past 20 years or so, under the guidance of Chairman Mao's

brilliant thought of bidding farewell to the God of Plague, our province's

people have united to fight against schistosomiasis and have won great victories

in wiping out schistosomiasis. But due to the interference and sabotage of

Liu Shao-chi, Lin Piao and especially of the "gang of four", the work of

wiping out schistosomiasis has not been completely successful. A year has

now elapsed since the smashing of the "gang of four." Under the leadership

3h.
of the Party Central Committee headed by our wise leader Chairman Hua,

we should energetically carry out the preventive work against schistosomiasis

and strive to realize Chairman Mao's grand behest at an early date."

We must make full use of the experiences of Yukiang and other areas, conscientiously strengthen party leadership, fully mobilize the masses of people and

integrate the preventive work against schistosomiasis with agricultural production. We must wipe out schistosomiasis as quickly as possible. We must

greet the 20th anniversary of the publication of Chairman Mao's brilliant

poem "Farewell to the God of Plague" with new and still greater victories.

CSO: 4006

35
HAINAN HOLDS MEETING ON MATERNITY, INFANT WELFARE WORK

Haikow Hainan Island Regional Service in Mandarin 0430 GMT 8 Oct 77 HK

[Summary] The Hainan Regional Women's Federation, Public Health Bureau and

Education Bureau recently held a joint on-the-spot meeting in Tingan County

on maternity and infant welfare work. "The meeting demanded that, under

the unified leadership of their party committees, departments concerned at

all levels closely cooperate with each other, seriously implement Chairman Hua's

strategic policy decision on grasping the key link in running the country

well, and do a further good job in general examination and treatment of

women's diseases in the rural area and in consolidating and developing

infants' education and the organization of nurseries. They should make

necessary contributions to unfettering the women's labor forces, promoting

the levels of women's and children's health, giving better play to the women's

role as half the universe in the movement to learn from Ta-chai in agriculture and cultivating successors to the proletarian revolutionary cause."

The meeting was attended and addressed by leading comrades of the regional

party committee. During the meeting the representatives visited progressive

maternity and infant welfare units in Tingan County and extensively summed

up and exchanged experiences. The meeting affirmed: "Our region has achieved

certain results in maternity and infant welfare work. However, many weak

links still exist, and we are still far from the requirements of the current

excellent situation. We must catch up with the current excellent situation."

The meeting pointed out: "Maternity and infant welfare work is an indispensable

component part of the socialist cause. To do this work well is of important

significance for unfettering the women's labor forces, promoting the movement

to learn from Ta-chai in agriculture, developing socialist production, consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat and cultivating successors to the

proletarian revolutionary cause. Leadership at all levels and departments

concerned must therefore deepen their understanding and put maternity and

infant welfare work in the proper place. In close coordination with one

another, women's federations, public health departments and education departments at all levels must give full play to their subjective role of conscious

activity, seriously run points, cultivate typical examples, sum up and popularize progressive experiences and lead the work over areas by means of the

experiences gained at points. They should grasp maternity and infant welfare

work firmly and well.

36
"Under the guidance of Chairman Hua's strategic policy decision on grasping

the key link in running the country well, we must persist in taking the

class struggle as the key link and penetratingly expose and vehemently

criticize the 'gang of four's' crimes in interfering with and sabotaging

maternity and infant welfare work. We must eliminate the remnant poison and

influence of their revisionist line, strengthen political and ideological

work and lead the masses to thoroughly break with the old traditional concepts

to get rid of the ideological obstacles to doing a good job in maternity and

infant welfare work. We must seriously cultivate and train backbone elements

and set up a Red and expert force for maternity and infant welfare work. We

must constantly heighten the level of infants' education and the technical

level of preventing and treating women's diseases. We must seriously implement the socialist distribution principle, rationally solve the question of

payment for labor of the personnel engaged in rural maternity and infant

welfare work and in infants' education, and give full play to their active

role in maternity and infant welfare work."

CSO: 4006 END

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