In Peru, the Federation of Students ofitlieNational Agricultural University
sponsored a series of functions from September 27 to October 1 to pay homage
to Chairman Mao. At the University of La Molina, over 600 students took part
in a memorial meeting at which their shouts acclaiming Chairman Mao's immortal
exploits lasted for one minute.

At a memorial meeting arranged by the Federation of University Students of
Peru, the participants shouted solemnly: "Eternal Glory to Chairman Mao
Tse-tung!", "Long Live Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought!" A communique
distributed at the meeting says that "Chairman Mao's contributions are not
limited to the Chinese revolution, Mao Tse-tung was the greatest Marxist-
Leninist of our time." Chairman Mao's theoretical contribution to the solu-
tion of the:problems of the world revolution in our epoch "is inestimable."
"His contribution to the struggle against Soviet and world revisionism and
his contributions to the theory of socialist construction, the contribution
to the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat and, above all,
in the 10 years of the proletarian cultural revolution are also of unique
importance." In Comas District, Primary School No 2059 at the "New Year"
Village named its 1971-1976 grade "Mao Tse-tung classes"! to the memory of the
great teacher Chairman Mao Tse-tung. In Cusco, an ancient town of Incan
civilization, 2,000 workers, students, teachers and other citizens, holding
portraits of Chairman Mao and red banners, marched 2 kilometers inisilence to
pay homage to the memory of Chairman Mao. This was followed by a memorial
meeting of over 5,000 people the following day.

In Venezuela, the Socialist League of Venezuela held a meeting of more than

500 . people in Caracas on 1 October to mourn the-:passing of Chairman Mao Tse-
tung. Speaking at the meeting, president of the league Carmelo Laborit pointed
out: Chairman Mao wrote the most glorious pages in the Chinese annals. He led
the Chinese people to victory by his deeds and thought and under his guidance,
oppression and enslavement in China were eliminated. Carmelo Laborit also
praised Chairman Mao for persisting in the struggle against Soviet revisionism
and for his glorious achievements in personally initiating and leading China's
great proletarian cultural revolution.

In the days of deep sorrow for the passing of Chairman Mao, friends in Mexico
held memorial meetings, lectures and photo exhibitions eulogizing the monu-
mental contributions of Chairman Mao. In a country where agriculture is of
great importance, the Mexican people feel Chairman Mao's teachings on peas—
ants' movement and agricultural development particularly dear to their hearts.

cso: 4020

15 ,



manufactured, in accordance with the characteristics of the Kwangsi terrain
and the needs of the farmers, a group of easy-to-operate, easy-to-manipulate
agricultural machineries of various types. Seventeen kinds of new agricul-
tural implements such as motorized cultivator, manual planting machine, me-
dium plower for sugar cane, rolling rake for rice paddies, corn seed planter,
which have been prototyped and achieved initial successes, thus contributing
toward the mechanization of agriculture in Kwangsi.

The large deposits of limestones in Kwangsi area contribute favorable con-
ditions for the development of the cement industry. Currently, there are
over 100 small cement plants besides the 12 factories included in the plans
in the entire region. This is an increase of 1,700 percent over the pre-
proletarian cultural revolution year of 1965. Since this year production
of these cement factories has continuously increased, and it is providing
powerful support to the capital construction of agriculture.

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36



CONDOLENCE MESSAGES RECEIVED MOURNING MAO DEATH
Peking NCNA in English 1828 GMT 11 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, 11 Oct 76, (HSINHUA) --Government ministers and departments,
public figures, officials of local governments, friendship associations
and China's friends in many countries as well as a number of Chinese-
Americans have sent messages to leaders of China and responsible members
of the departments concerned and the Chinese people's association for
friendship with foreign countries, expressing deep condolences on the
passing of Chairman Mao Tse-tung.

They include: Rwanda Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Nsekalije,
Vietnamese Minister of Home Trade Hoang Quoc Thinh, Bangladesh Chief of
Navy Staff and Deputy Chief Martial Law Administrator Rear Admiral Mosharraf
Hussain Khan, Korean Ministry of Railways, Vietnamese General Statistical
Bureau, Chairman of the Syrian General Sports Federation Ridha Muhammad
Asfahani, Honorary Secretary-General and Treasurer of Asian Games Federa-
tion Zafar Ali, and the executive committee of the Central Committee of the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman.

Former Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic Mohsin Ahmed Al-eini,
former Japanese Prime Minister Tetsu Katayama, Chairman of the Japan So-
cialist Party Tomomi Narita, President of the Sokagakkai of Japan Daisaku
Ikeda, President of the France-China Friendship Group of the National Assem—
bly Andre Bettencourt, members of the Christian Democratic Union of West
Germany Alfred Dregger and Werner Marx, the Italy-China Commerce Chamber

and President of the Italy-China Economic and Cultural Exchange Association
Vittorino Colombo.

President of the National Association of Governors of Japan Ryozo Okuda,
Chairman of the Association of Speakers of Prefectural Assemblies of Japan
Hisashi Yamamura, leading members of Japanese prefectural governments, and
Robert Bourassa, governor of Quebec, Canada.

Chairman of the Albanian-Chinese Friendship Society Spiro Koleka, the

Korea-China Friendship Association, Chairman of the Romanian-Chinese Friend-
ship Association Popescuputzuri, Chairman of the Vietnam-China Friendship

32



NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER PRODUCTION SETS RECORD
Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 28 Jul 76 p 3

[Text] The Chan Chiang area of Kwangtung Province which did not have a
single nitrogenous fertilizer plant prior to the great proletarian cultural
revolution has 10 small such plants now. From January to June of this year,
the gross production of nitrogenous fertilizer in the entire area increased
by 60 percent over the corresponding period of last year, creating the high-
est level in history for the corresponding period. It has made new contri-
butions to the early creation of conditions for bumper harvests in agricul-
ture this year.

Impelled by the struggle to criticize Teng Hsiao-ping and counter-attack the
wind of decision reversals fanned by right opportunism, the workers of nitro-
genous fertilizer plants in Chan Chiang area developed production with even
greater revolutionary zeal. In the first half of this year, the various
nitrogenous fertilizer plants made all-round increases in production. The
plants in Hua-chou Lien-chiang, and Sui-chi counties and Mao-ming municipal-
ity as well as such key plants as the Chan-chiang chemical plant, completed
their production palns for the first half of the year anywhere from 10 to

66 days ahead of schedule. Since entering the latter half of the year, the
workers and officials of Chan-chiang nitrogenous fertilizer plant dug up
latent production forces to further increase the production of nitrogenous
fertilizer. They are also speeding up the installation of equipment at the
new nitrogenous fertilizer plant in order to have it put into production at
an early date.

8493
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41



The people of Iceland expressed profound grief on the passing of Chairman

Mao Tse-tung. From September 9 to 18, over 1,000 people made condolence
calls at the Chinese Embassy. Some coming from remote mountains and small
islands, some with whole families, workers in overalls and many arriving late
at night after work shifts. A young mother helped her kid to write its name
in a condolence book in front of a portrait of Chairman Mao. An old man who
twice called at the Chinese Embassy with his grandson said: "T extend deep
condolences to the entire Chinese people and wish them continued advance along
the road charted by him (Chairman Mao) ."

cso: 4020



The various ocean floor mineral sands are necessary objects for the various
industrial departments. They have a quite broad distribution. Among
these, the amount of cajuilite (a type of high grade iron ore) and
zirconium rock (zirconium ore) that Australia extracts daily from the ocean
floor exceeds 70,000 tons. The Oceanian coastline has 6,400 kilometers

of offshore water regions where cajuilite, zirconium, edwardite (containing
a large amount of thorium), tin and other tipes of heavy sand minerals

are accumulated. The cajuilite and edwardite sands along the shore of the
Indian Sea and the edwardite sands of Brazil are also renowned. .. .

Quite a.few of the world's nations are also engaged in the large-scale
extraction of limestone, accumulated shale or calcareous shale from the
ocean floor which are used in the production of cement. For example,

in Iceland shale is a basic raw material for heavy industry. Many

nations have greatly developed their shallow water sands and gravel for use
in the construction industry.

Ocean Floor Brimstone and Salt :Ores

There are also tremendous quantities of brimstone and salt ores stored on
the ocean floor. Most of the brimstone presently extracted in the world
comes from layered ore beds where it is jointly formed with anhedrite, or
it is located on the summit of salt mounds on the ocean floor and may be
extracted with bore holes and pipes. There are at least a dozen billion
tons of salt ores and anhedrite on the ocean floor. For example, along
the shoreline of Ontario, Canada, the beds of fossil salt ore reach.a
thickness of 200 meters. Besides this, people are just now studying the
possibility of producing hoevillite from the floor of the North Sea.

Ocean Floor Petroleum and Natural Gas

Ocean floor petroleum and natural gas are the most valuable raw materials
that mankind obtains from the ocean floor. Because of this they are

a focal point in the development of the oceans. At present over 70 of

the world's nations are already extracting petroleum and natural gas from
the ocean floor. This petroleum and natural gas is mainly produced from
enormous sedimentary plates which are still metamorphizing. According to
statistics the total reserves of petroleum in the shallow waters of the
continental shelf in the world are estimated at 111 billion tons, and

the estimate for the entire sea is 14 times that. According to estimates,
the amount of petroleum stored on the world's continents is only sufficient
for mankind's use for the next 30 years; but if the petroleum stored on

the ocean floor were developed, not counting the increase in the rate of
consumption, it could supply mankind's uses for 270 years. At present,
ocean floor petroleum in the world comes principally from the continental
shelf, mostly from shallow water areas no more than 105 meters deep and

no more than 120 kilometers from shore. It is estimated that by 1980
world technology for the production of petroleum will have developed so
that people will be able to obtain petroleum from depths of 1200-1830 meters

49



The manganese nodules are in general scattered on the ocean floor or in

a layer 10 meters thick. In the richest places their density can reach
50,000 tons per square kilometer. According to statistics, these light
and brittle manganese nodules cover 20 to 50 percent of the red colored
deep water clay distribution area of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, or

10 percent of the ocean floor of the Eastern Pacific Ocean and 10 to 30
percent of the ocean floor of the Western Pacific. In abundant regions
the manganese nodules occupy. 20 to 50 percent of the ocean floor, and in
individual hilly parts of the ocean floor mineral nodules are distributed
over 80 to 90 percent of the surface area. The area where soft silicate
mud is distributed in the Northern Pacific between 6° and 20° north
latitude and 110° and 180° west latitude has already been judged to be the
most abundant region of high grade manganese nodules. One-third of this
area is covered with high grade mineral nodules. This mineral field has an
area as large as 4 million square kilometers. In addition, several locations
that look promising as abundant in manganese nodules have been discovered
in the western corner of the North Atlantic and in the South Atlantic.

It is generally believed that the amount of manganese nodules stored on
the earth's ocean floors is 300 billion tons and moreover that this is
still increasing. There is reason to believe that it will become a
tremendous potential source of supply of manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt,
zine and other metals for world industry.

Next in order are nodules of phosphorus. They mainly contain P,0,, as well
as fluorine. Phosphorous is an important agricultural fertilizér. Most of
the nodules which contain 20 to 30 percent P,0, are buried away off the
edge of the continental margin or the continénéal shelf in the lower
latitudes where the deep water currents are rising. They are distributed
in water which is generally between 36 and 370 meters deep. It is possible
that they come from the ocean bed containing deep water which is compara-
tively high in dense phosphate. When this water comes into contact with
the heated surface water with its higher pH value, the phosphates sink and
are formed. Extensive-type ocean floor beds of phosphate nodules have been
discovered along the southern African coast, the west coast of North and
South America, the coast of Argentina, the east coast of New Zealand. . .
and even the continental shelf of the Sea of Japan. The estimated worldwide
quantity of these may reach 3 billion tons:

Besides the spontaneously formed phosphorus nodules described above as

pertaining to the belt where deep ocean currents are rising, there are

also organically produced calcium phosphates (the accumulation of shark
teeth and whale bones) Gn the slowly accumulating Pacific Ocean floor.

These contain up to 36 percent P,0. as well as useful minerals such as

certain heavy metallic elements, uranium and rare earth elements.

{Figure not reproducible]
Fig. 1. Manganese nodules from ocean floor
Consolidated Minerals of the Sea Floor

Buried on the sea floor are enormous mineral beds of sea bottom coal,
iron, alum clay and nonferrous metals. For example, the continental shelves

47



to the memory of Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the great Marxist-Leninist, leader
and teacher of the peoples of the world, the great communist of China and
the world."

“SERVE THE PEOPLE," organ of the red line of the Dominican "14 June" revo-
lutionary movement, devoted an 8-page special edition to the memory of
Chairman Mao Tse-tung. Included were an editorial, a memorial poem, photos
of Chairman Mao Tse-tung in various periods of his revolutionary activities,
and news reports on the mourning and memorial services held by the masses
and revolutionary organizations in different parts of the Dominican Repub-
lic. Also published was the full text of "the message to the whole party,
the whole army and the people of all nationalities throughout the country"
from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the standing
committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of
China, the State Council of the People's Republic of China and the military
commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

The editorial says: "As Comrade Mao Tse-tung extraordinarily developed and
enriched the thinking inherited from Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin and his
political thought has given orientation to the struggle of the oppressed
people and oppressed nations against the two superpowers, there is a much
more powerful reason for the Marxist-Leninists and other anti-imperialist
fighters of all countries to feel extremely grieved at the irreparable

loss which the international communist movement has suffered in the de-
parture of this prominent revolutionary of the proletariat."

The editorial stresses: It is the firm belief of the Marxist-Leninists

all over the world that “the Chinese people, under the leadership of their
party armed with Mao Tse-tung thought, will consolidate their achievements
in socialist revolution made under the conditions of the dictatorship of

the proletariat, and will continue to advance shoulder-to-shoulder with

the oppressed people and oppressed nations until imperialism, social-
imperialism, revisionism and all reaction in the world are totally defeated."

The special edition also carried in full the “statement supporting the
Dominican People's resistance to U.S. armed aggression" issued by Chairman
Mao on 12 May 1965. An editor's note on the republication of this state-
ment says: "We reprint here Chairman Mao's statement which serves, as
always, as a tremendous stimulus to the Dominican people in the struggle
of resistance against the U.S. imperialists' armed aggression."

A special edition of "NEW DEMOCRACY," organ of the Marxist-Leninist League
of Colombia, carried an article in memory of Chairman Mao Tse-tung. It
says that Chairman Mao "left for the international proletariat and peoples
of the world the most precious revolutionary legacy: his thought, the
Marxism-Leninism of our era."

After citing Chairman Mao's teachings on party building, criticizing revi-

sionism, armed struggle and the role of the masses in history, the article
points out, "Chairman Mao Tse-tung loved and trusted people profoundly. We

19



PAI SE, KWANGSI, TRANSFORMED INTO INDUSTRIAL TOWNSHIP
Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 24 Jul 76 p 3

[Excerpt] Propelled by the great proletarian cultural revolution, Pai Se
[4102 5331] of Kwangsi has been built into an industrial township, and there
are metallurgy, thermochemical, electric power, machineries, electronic,
communications and transportations, forestry, construction materials, food,
and light industry plants here. Of the 110 large, medium, and small mining
enterprises, 75 percent were built during the great cultural revolution,
and they can produce more than 500 varieties of products. In 1975, gross
value of industrial output rose 75 percent over 1965. Under the impetus of
the struggle to counterattack right opportunist wind of decision reversals,
the broad masses of workers and cadres in Pai Se township whipped up an
enthusiastic campaign of grasping revolution and stimulating production to
boost the gross value of the industrial output of the entire township by
4.7 percent at the end of May over the corresponding period last year.
Chemical fertilizers, cement, sugar, alcohol, and electric motor powered
grain threshers showed an increase of over 100 percent in their gross value
over the corresponding period of last year.

8493
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37



CONTENTS (Continued)

UN Representatives Mourn Mao Death in Speeches
(NCNA, 10 Oct 76).....e00¢

Marxist-Leninist Organs of the World Mourn Mao's Death
(NCNA, 10 Oct 76) .cccccccccccccscccncececscceeceecees

Upper Volta Shows Film, Photos in Memory of Mao
(NGNA, 11 Oct 76). ..ccccccecccerccscescececerctccecee

Mexican Groups Hold Meetings in Memory of Mao
(NCNA, 11 Oct 76). ccccccccceccesccsccrorecssseececes

Condolence Messages Received Mourning Mao Death
(NCNA, 11 Oct 76)... ccccecececcecccscerereceseeecneee

ECONOMICS

Mass Increase Recorded in Kwangsi Industry
(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 19 Jul 76)...ccceccccoccsccccees

Pai Se, Kwangsi, Transformed Into Industrial Township
(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 24 Jul 76)....ccscccececcesccees

Kiangsu's Oil Refining Chemical Industry Progressing With
Giant Steps
(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 26 Jul 76)......ccceccceceeccece

Enterprises Proliferating in Kwangtung's Rural Communes
(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 27 Jul 76).....c.cccsecccseceece

Coal Industry Developing in Tan-tung Municipality, Liaoning
. (CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 28 Jul 76)......cccecccccsccveee

Nitrogenous Fertilizer Production Sets Record
(CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN, 28 Jul 76)....sssecescecceoccees

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

Yang Chen-ning Discusses Science in China
(WEN-HUI PAO, 27 Mar 76)...cecsscecscccccnccoscsccnces

Mineral Resources of the Ocean Floor
(Fan Shih-ch'ing; K'O-HSUEH SHIH-YEN, No 3, 1976)....

24

26

30

31

32

35

37

38

39

40

41

42

46



UPPER VOLTA SHOWS FILM, PHOTOS IN MEMORY OF MAO
Peking NCNA in English 1820 GMT 11 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, 11 Oct 76, (HSINHUA)--The Patriotic League for the Develop-
ment of Upper Volta (LPDUV) and the Volta Association of Friendship Among
the Peoples (VAFP) co-sponsored a photo exhibition and a film show to honor
the memory Mr Chairman Mao Tse-tung from 5 to 7 October, according to a re-
port from Ouagadougou.

On display at the exhibition were three sets of photos: "The Life of
Chairman Mao," "Tachai Continues to March Forward" and "Photographic Art
of China." "The Red Flag Canal" and other documentary films were shown.

Among about 800 people attending the activities in Ouagadougou were Amidou
Coulibaly, president, and Soumane Toure, vice-president, of the LPDUV,
Sibiri Salembere, president of the Ouagadougou branch of the VAFP and
Alassane Kogoda Ouedraogo, president of National Association of Journalists
of Upper Volta.

Before the opening ceremony vice-president Soumane Toure asked those attend-
ing to observe 1-minute's silence for Chairman Mao. He said, "the spectacu-
lar construction of China, realized by a vigorous movement of the masses
without precedent in the history of mankind under the leadership of Chair-
man Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Communist Party, is the most important
event in the third quarter of this century."

He stressed, "The Chinese Communist Party led by Chairman Mao Tse-tung has
transformed a backward, semi-feudal and semi-colonial country of a very

low level into an independent country respected by the whole world." Chair-
man Mao Tse-tung "has incarnated the people's aspirations and inspired the
Chinese people," he said.

The organization of these activities after the death of Chairman Mao was
to show militant and sincere solidarity with the Chinese people and govern-
ment, he pointed out.

cso: 4020
30



MALAYAN COMMUNISTS, ARMYMEN, PEOPLE MOURN MAO
Peking NCNA in English 1432 GMT 7 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, 7 October 1976 (HSINHUA)--The passing of Chairman Mao Tse-tung
was deeply mourned in various ways by members of the Malayan Communist Party,
commanders and combatants of the Malayan National Liberation Army and the
revolutionary Malayan people, according to a report broadcast by the "Voice
of Malayan Revolution" on 30 September.

The report said that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Malaya
issued an announcement to the whole party, the whole army and all the revolu-
tionary mass organizations on 9 September to the effect that it had decided to
declare 9 to 18 September days of mourning for the great teacher Chairman Mao
Tse-tung.

"During these days," the report said, "the central organs of the party and
our army detachments in border regions opened memorial halls where portraits
of Chairman Mao were put up and wreaths ceremoniously presented. All com-
batants of the army detachments and shock force units assembled themselves
in the early morning or in the evening and paid a silent tribute before the
portrait of Chairman Mao Tse-tung," the report said.

"Solemn memorial meetings for the great teacher Chairman Mao Tse-tung were held
on the evening of 18 September by the various units of our party, army de-
tachments and shock force units, and revolutionary mass organizations," the
report said. "In the base areas and guerrilla regions, the various party and
army units held meetings or other memorial activities forChairman Mao Tse-tung
attended by the masses in a way befitting the local conditions. A great number
of local inhabitants attended these memorial activities, some of them together
with their children. They expressed deepest mourning for the passing away of
Chairman Mao."

“While deeply mourning for the great teather Chairman Mao Tse-tung, all com-
rades recalled with boundless respect and admiration the meritorious exploits
Chairman Mao performed for the Chinese revolution and the world revolution
and his great internationalist support for the Malayan revolution," the report

16



heads of state, heads of government, revolutionary political parties and
revolutionary movements as well as mass organizations throughout the world
showed that they are thoroughly convinced of the influence of his life and
thought on the world and history." An article carried in the same paper
says: "The life of Chairman Mao Tse-tung is integrated with the history
of China over the last 50 years. In the 70's, the voice that of Chairman
Mao is 'the Lenin of the contemporary world' has been ringing whether in
the east or in the west." [sentence as received]

The "Voice of Revolution" of Burundi broadcast an article saying that Chair-
man Mao Tse-tung "Rid China of Misery, saved it from hunger and diseases
and made it radiate in the world." It says, "Not only China is grieved at
the passing of Chairman Mao, but also the entire Africa, though far away
from Chairman Mao's country, is grieved at the passing of the great teacher.
For the Africans, Chairman Mao is a symbol of freedom for the oppressed
peoples. By his thought, he offered Africa a new road in the field of eco-
nomic development or mental transformation ," it adds.

The Zairian paper "ELIMA" says in an article that Chairman Mao Tse-tung,
“while shaping the destiny of the Chinese, had ceaselessly struggled for
the creation in the entire world of an era of independence, liberty, justice
and equality among all nations, his criticism of hegemonism of the super-
powers explained this point. His contribution to the liberation of the
colonial and oppressed peoples is immense."

The "Voice of Uganda" carried a reader's letter saying that China "enjoys
immense love and respect of the peoples and revolutionaries the world over.
Here in Africa, we have really appreciated the Chinese people's extremely
effective support and assistance in our war of liberation. We the entire
people of the African continent, therefore, join their Chinese comrades

in mourning the death of Chairman Mao," the letter notes.

The Guinean paper "HOROYA" says in an article that Chairman Mao Tse-tung
“was one of the most prominent figures of the people's revolution of the
world to which he had made a positive enrichment. Mao Tse-tung formulated
a series of scientific theses enriching the heritage of the theory of
Marxism. It is with the forceful character proper for a proletarian revo-
lutionary that he victoriously initiated and led the proletarian cultural
revolution," the editorial points out. It says that Chairman Mao "gave
all his energy to the cause of liberation of the Chinese people and the
cause of communism."

cso: 4020

22



LATIN AMERICAN M-L PAPERS PAY HOMAGE TO MAO

Peking NCNA in English 1852 GMT 8 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, 8 Oct 76, (HSINHUA)--Organs of Marxist-Leninist parties
and groups in a number of Latin American countries have issued special edi-
tions to pay homage to the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao Tse-tung.
They eulogize Chairman Mao's magnificent contributions to the cause of the
revolution in China and the world. They also express determination to
carry the peoples' revolutionary cause through to the end.

"PATRIA ROJA," organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of
Peru, frontpaged a portrait of Chairman Mao Tse-tung in its special edition.
It also carried a poem by Chairman Mao entitled “Reascending Chingkangshan
to the Tune of Shui Tiao Keh Tou," "The message to the whole party, the
whole army and the people of all nationalities throughout the country" from
the Central Committee of the Commmist Party of China, the standing commit-
tee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China,

the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and the military com-
mission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the
message of condolence on the passing of Chairman Mao Tse~-tung by the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of Peru to the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of China.

An article entitled "Guide and Leader of Chinese Revolution" paying tribute
to Chairman Mao Tse-tung was carried in the edition.

The article says that Comrade Mao Tse-tung was a military strategist,
eminent statesman, sagacious revolutionary guide, extraordinary poet and
organizer and great Marxist-Leninist theorist. In his address before the
grave of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels said: “Fighting was his element, and
he fought with a passion, a tenacity and a success such as few could rival."
With every reason these words of Engels can be applied to Chairman Mao Tse-
tung.

After recalling the brilliant achievements made by Chairman Mao in his

militant life, the article points out that to persevere in the revolutionary
path charted by Marx, Lenin and Chairman Mao "is the best homage we can pay

18



MEXICAN GROUPS HOLD MEETINGS IN MEMORY OF MAO
Peking NCNA in English 1854 GMT 11 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Mexico City, 10 Oct 76, (HSINHUA)--The Mexican Society of Friends
of People's China held a meeting of over 400 people in memory of Chairman
Mao Tse-tung at the "Palace of Fine Arts" here yesterday evening, 1 month
after the passing of Chairman Mao.

Speaking at the meeting, Mexico's former Ambassador to China Anguiano and
Professor Gustavo Vargas warmly eulogized the monumental contributions
that Chairman Mao had made to the Chinese revolution and the revolutionary
people the world over. Marta Tarazzua, a Mexican friend, gave an emotional
recital of Chairman Mao's poems at the meeting.

To honor the memory of Chairman Mao Tse-tung, the Mexico-China Friendship
Association began from 10 September to receive at the site of the associa—
tion aged and young people as well as children who came to pay their con-
dolences. With tears in their eyes, they stood in silent tribute before
the portrait of Chairman Mao. A Mexican friend by the name of Elizabeth
Delameolla wrote in the condolence book: "Mao Tse-tung thought and his
doctrines will forever be engraved in my heart."

The Mexico-China Friendship Association held here a memorial meeting for
Chairman Mao Tse-tung, a photo exhibition on Chairman Mao's life and report
meetings.

In Guanajuato state, a memorial meeting was held with over 5,000 peasants
present. Five commemoration meetings were organized by the University of
Puebpa. Students of several departments of the national autonomous Uni-
versity of Mexico also held rallies in memory of Chairman Mao. A "China
Week" was sponsored recently at the university's center of social and
cultural activities to mourn Chairman Mao. Some mass organizations dis-
tributed leaflets and statements praising Chairman Mao's great contribu-
tions in leading China's revolution and opposing modern revisionism. The
leaflet of an organization read, Chairman Mao “founded the great People's
Republic of China and to defend the purity of Marxism-Leninism waged un-
remitting struggles against the deviationist, liquidationist and revisionist
attempts within the Chinese Communist Party and against the Khrushchev—
Brezhnev renegade clique in the international arena."

cso: 4020 31



In Lome, capital of the Republic of Togo, the news of the passing of Chairman
Mao evoked deep sorrow among workers, employees, students and other people.
They expressed mourning in their interviews with the press granted in the
streets or shops or on the buses. The Togo television in a special program
broadcast their statements. One of them said, "The death of Chairman Mao
brought me grief. I love Chairman Mao very mutch, because he did a lot for
Africa." Another said, "The passing of Chairman Mao is a loss to Africa and
the whole world."

Friends of all circles in the Republic of Guinea-Bissau gave a high apprais—
al of the tremendous contributions made by Chairman Mao to the cause of liber-
ation of the oppressed people the world over. Upon learning of the passing
of Chairman Mao, many of them could not hold back their tears. Marao Mane,
mayor of Bafata, said to a member of the Chinese Water Conservancy Study

Team, "Like the Chinese people, I am in extreme sorrow these days. Please
convey my condolences on the death of Chairman Mao Tse-tung." Mayor of
Chacheu City Braima Baugura said to Chinese medical workers: "Chairman Mao
Tse-tung is not only the great leader and teacher of the Chinese people, but
also the liberator of the oppressed people of the world." "The works and great
thought of Chairman Mao will live forever in the hearts of the people in China
and Guinea-Bissau and the revolutionary people the world over."

cso: 4020

13



During the days of grief, the Chinese embassy in Japan and the Tokyo branch
of the HSINHUA News Agency received a cascade of letters from Japanese friends
in all parts of the country mourning the passing of Chairman Mao.

Memorial meetings and other activities were held by many young people and stu~
dents of Japan in memory of Chairman Mao. A young Japanese recited a poem to
mourn Chairman Mao at a memorial meeting. The poem reads:

Chairman Mao Tse-tung, you show meticulous care for the Japanese people.

You bring hope to us, unity and friendship to the Asian people, encourage-
ment to the African people in their struggle for liberation.

The truth you taught us we will study in our lifetime.
Words fail to express our sentiments.

The great teacher Chairman Mao Tse-tung lives forever in people's hearts.

Memorial Meetings
Peking NCNA in English 1916 GMT 5 Oct 76 OW

[Excerpts] Tokyo, 5 October 1976 (HSINHUA)--More memorial meetings were held
by Japanese people of various circles in the last few days to deeply mourn
the passing of Chairman Mao Tse-tung.

In Osaka, the second biggest city in Japan, more than 1500 people attended a

memorial meeting held on 29 September. Present at the meeting were workers,

students, youth, women, friendly personages, representatives of various poli-
tical parties and organizations as well as personages from economic, cultural
and press circles.

Ryoichi Kuroda, governor of Osaka prefecture and Yasishi Oshima, mayor of
Osaka and leading members of various political parties and organizations spoke
at the meeting and expressed their deepest sorrow at the passing of Chair-

man Mao Tse-tung. /

Ryoichi Kuroda said: “Chairman Mao Tse-tung was the founder of the People's
Republic of China and a great revolutionary." He went on: "With his theory
and practice Chairman Mao led the Chinese people in their socialist national
reconstruction and at the same time showed the prospect of liberation and
independence to the oppressed nations and people the world over. As a rep—
resentative leader of the present century, he made an immortal contribution,"
Kuroda said.



make mighty strides in transforming China and the world. Mao Tse-tung was
the greatest Marxist-Leninist of the contemporary era. For the working
class and the oppressed of the world he was our great teacher and guide.
His gigantic contributions live on," the journal adds.

E. Vilar, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
of Portugal (Marxist-Leninist), wrote an article to mourn the passing of
Chairman Mao. Carried in the 88th issue of the party organ "UNIDADE
POPULAR," the article says, "Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the great teacher of
the international communist movement, has departed from us forever." It
adds, “While firmly adhering to the principles of Marxism-Leninism, Mao
Tse-tung completely rebuffed the 'theories' of modern revisionism and
defended Marxism-Leninism. Mao Tse-tung prevented the scientific theory
of the proletariat from being trampled under foot. In the struggle against
modern revisionism, he not only threw its rotten "theories' to the ground,
but also developed Marxism-Leninism."

The article says, "The struggle between Marxism-Leninism and revisionism

is far from coming to an end. But the battle Mao Tse-tung fought against
modern revisionism has resulted in a new radiance for Marxism-Leninism and
the most complete ridicule for its detractors. Thanks to the great Mao
Tse-tung and inspired by his example of courage and determination in the
defense of Marxism-Leninism against modern revisionism, new Marxist-Leninist
parties have been created and developed in the whole world," the article
points out.

The article says in conclusion, "His teachings will continue to guide the
world proletariat and his work will eternally remain in the hearts of the

peoples."

“CLARTE ET L'EXPLOITE," organ of the Central Committee of the Marxist—
Leninist Communist Party of Belgium, carried an article on 16 September,
saying that the great proletarian cultural revolution, "the extensive
movement to criticize the persons in power taking the capitalist road, was
the most pungent reply to revisionism and signified the greatest change
taking place in a socialist country for the consolidation of the dictator-
ship of the proletariat."

The article adds, "It is Chairman Mao who personally gave his orientation
to the foreign policy of China, exposing before all mankind the Soviet
social-imperialists' role of warmongers and of their being the principal
danger to the peoples of the world. He characterized social-imperialism
of the USSR as a dictatorship of fascist type and Hitlerite type. Mao
Tse-tung, the great leader of the Chinese revolution, has taken his place
side by side with the great theorists of communism--Marx, Engels, Lenin
and Stalin. For the revolutionaries of the whole world, he is not dead.
His teachings are immortal.

An article carried in the supplement of the latest issue of “OCTOBER,”
organ of the Communist Party of Switzerland (Marxist-Leninist), says,

28



On behalf of the president of the Republic of Zaire, Mobutu Sese Seko,
Nguza Karl-I-Bond, political and state commissioner for foreign affairs
and international cooperation, paid tribute to the memory of Chairman Mao
Tse-tung. He said that Chairman Mao was a great statesman of our century.
“Chairman Mao Tse-tung is dead, but...his work will remain in the memory
of mankind," he added.

Jamaican Minister of External Affairs Dudley Thompson said the passing of
Chairman Mao Tse-tung "is a loss not only for China but for the entire
world which mourns a great leader and statesman of immense standing, whose
place in history has long been assured as one of the giants of the 20th
century."

Guinean Minister for Foreign Affairs Fily Cissoko said that Chairman Mao
was “one of the great figures of the international proletariat, an out-
standing leader."

Congolese Minister for Foreign Affairs Theophile Obenga said that Chairman
Mao was "a man of thought and action who left such a profound imprint on
the history of our time."

Hamdi Ould Mouknass, minister of state for external affairs of Mauritania,
said that Chairman Mao was “one of the most eminent men in politics, and
one of the greatest thinkers of our times."

"History will record the name of that extraordinary guide of the Chinese
people and great friend of our people as that of the architect of modern
China, an indefatigable defender of all just causes, and in particular
that of oppressed peoples," he emphasized.

Commissioner for Foreign Affairs of Ghana Colonel R. J. A. Felli said that
Chairman Mao was "a leading figure of our times. Chairman Mao has rightly
been acclaimed as a giant among men and his death has robbed the world of
a leader who by precept and example showed us all that selfless devotion
and total commitment to the welfare of the people are the primary essen-
tials of true leadership."

Minister of Foreign Relations of Ecuador Armando Pesantes Garcia said that
Chairman Mao was "an extraordinary leader of the peoples who was of great
historical significance in our century."

Other representatives who at the general debate expressed mourning for
Chairman Mao were from Bangladesh, Togo, Cameroon, Liberia, Somalia, Rwanda,
Swaziland, Peru, Chad, Uganda, Canada and France.

cso: 4020

25



of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He called on revolutionaries of
all lands to defend the purity of Marxism-Leninism and to fight determinedly
to smash the treachery of Khrushchev. He exposed the counter-revolutionary
essence of revisionism and pointed out that its principal representatives are
members of the Soviet clique which is today headed by the renegade Leonid
Brezhnev. He stressed that under this new tendency, the Soviet Union has
turned from a socialist country into a social-imperialist state. In so doing,
Comrade Mao Tse-tung made an outstanding contribution not only to the revo—
lutionary forces but also to those nations which are fighting for national
independence."

The letter says: Comrade Mao Tse-tung developed Marxism-Leninism in all its
aspects. "He knew how to apply the universal truth of the doctrine of the
proletariat to the practice of the Chinese revolution, discover laws through
practice and seek for victory in their light. His unique contributions
enriched Marxism-Leninism and assisted those fighting for liberation. The
victories of the Chinese people were victories of the Marxist-Leninist revo~
lutionary thought of Mao Tse-tung. He was one of the great teachers of the
proletariat throughout the world."

The letter says: "A staunch internationalist, Comrade Mao Tse-tung gave
faithful and firm support to the struggle of the people in all countries. He
frequently raised his prestigious voice to condemn aggression and reactionary
violence, oppose the hegemonism of the two superpowers, and unveil the danger
of a new world war. Whenever necessary, he rendered generous support to those
who fought for freedom and independence."

The letter says: "The Communist Party of Brazil takes pride in the fact that
it has recevied attention, firm support and valuable teachings from Comrade
Mao Tse-tung. The moment the Communist Party of Brazil had been reorganized,
it gained the support of this world leader of the proletariat. We shall never
forget his encouragement to and his confidence in our party."

The letter says: "Although Comrade Mao Tse-tung is no longet with us, his
work and his feats are immortal. His thinking will remain resplendent, vivid
and vigorous, illuminating the road to national and social emancipation, guid-
ing the building of socialism, reinforcing the dictatorship of the proletariat
which has to continue until the attainment of a society without classes and
the exploiters and oppressors--the brilliant peak of communism."

In conclusion the letter says: “The Communist Party of Brazil joins the others

in sorrowfully paying posthumous homage to the leader of the Communist Party
of China and world revolution."

cso: 4020



POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL

BRAZILIAN CP SENDS CONDOLENCE LETTER TO CCP
Peking NCNA in English 1810 3 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, 3 October 1976 (HSINHUA)--The Central Committee of the Com-
munist Party of Brazil on 11 September sent a letter to the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of China offering deep condolences on the passing of
Chairman Mao Tse-tung.

The letter says: "With deep grief we learned the sad news about the departure
of Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the founder and leader of the glorious Communist
Party of China and the most distinguished figure of the world communist move-
ment today. His decease greatly grieves the Brazilian revolutionaries who
regard him as a great friend of the Brazilian people, a prominent Marxist-
Leninist and an indefatigable fighter for the noble cause of communism."

The letter says: "The life of Comrade Mao Tse-tung was closely linked with
the tremendous changes of historic world significance that have taken place in
China. ‘During the long years of fighting against the powerful enemies, Com-
rade Mao Tse-tung led the Chinese revolution, united the Chinese people under
the leadership of the Communist Party, strove for the growth and consolidation
of the Communist Party and credted the invincible People's Liberation Army in
the flames of struggle. He surmounted all the obstacles placed by the reac-
tionary forces and imperialism and turned the agelong aspiration of the broad
masses into reality. Eventually, on 1 October 1949 the state power passed
into the hands of the people and the country achieved full sovereignty and
independence. A new period thus began inthe development of the valiant
Chinese nation."

The letter says: Comrade Mao Tse-tung elaborated and provided a proletarian
orientation of revolution for the building of the new society. He pointed out
that victory could emerge only out of a struggle against the line of the
capitalist roaders. The great proletarian cultural revolution which mobilized
hundreds of millions of people reflected the acute contradictions between the
two lines and administered defeat to the opportunist current.

The letter says: "Comrade Mao Tse-tung perceived with great acuteness the
danger of modern revisionism which manifested itself in the 20th Congress



LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLE MOURN DEATH OF MAO
Peking NCNA in English 1822 GMT 7 Oct 76 OW

[Excerpts] Peking, 7 October 1976 (HSINHUA)--The masses of people in a number
of Latin American countries have held memorial meetings and:other functions to
mourn the passing of the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao Tse-tung and
eulogize his magnificent exploits. Campaigns for studying Mao Tse~tung thought
have been launched.

The Dominican National Union of Revolutionary Students soon broadcast through
loudspeakers "The message to the whole party, the whole army and the people

of all nationalities throughout the country" issued by the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of China, the Standing Committee of the National Peo-
ple's Congress of the People's Republic of China, the State Council of the
People's Republic of China and the military commission of the Central Committee
of the Communist Party of China. Many people listened with grief and as soon
as the broadcast ended they sang in unison the "internationale."

Then, memorial meetings were held by the various groups affiliated to the
Union and the Flavio Suero Student Front on 9 September and the following
day. The students held aloft placards which read: "Eternal Glory to Chair-
man Mao!", "Mao Tse-tung, Leader of the Proletariat!" and "Long Live Mao Tse-
tung Thought!"

The Federation of Dominican Sfudents in an article published in LA NOTICIA
on 10 September says: "A great heart stopped beating, but Mao Tse-tung
thought will last eternally."

At a meeting held in Bogota, capital of Colombia, Marcelo Torres, national
leader of the Independent and Revolutionary Workers Movement, read out a state-
ment signed by representatives of five organizations paying homage to Chairman
Mao for his contributions to thé cause of the world revolution. The parti-
cipants held aloft a big streamer inscribed with words: "Eternal Glory to

the Teacher of the Proletariat Comrade Mao Tse-tung!" The movement called
upon its members to launch a campaign for the diffusion, research and study of
Mao Tse-tung thought in the light of the specific conditions in Colombia "as
the best homage to his memory."

14



JAPANESE PEOPLE MOURN DEATH OF CHAIRMAN MAO

Tributes to Mao
Peking NCNA in English 1630 GMT 4 Oct 76 OW
[By NCNA correspondent]

[Excerpts] Tokyo, 4 October 1976 (HSINHUA)--The passing of Chairman Mao Tse-
tung evoked immense grief in the hearts of the working people and progressive
personnages of Japan, China's eastern neighbor. Tears in eyes, many people
paid silent tribute to ‘the late chairman. They expressed their respect and
admiration for him in various forms.

The Japanese workers are in boundless grief at the death of Chairman Mao.
Many of them hung the portraits of Chairman Mao in their rooms, while some
young workers placed above the portraits streamers inscribing "eternal glory
to the great leader Comrade Mao Tse-tung." Many young workers put up wall
papers to express their determination to study assiduously Marxism-Leninism-
Mao Tse-tung thought, to integrate the universal truth of Marxism with the
concrete practice of the Japanese revolution and wage a resolute struggle
against imperialism, hegemonism and revisionism.

The executive committee of the southern Osaka branch of "Sohyo" adopted a
resolution on 11 September in mourning of the passing of Chairman Mao Tse-
tung. The resolution expressed thanks for his support to the Japanese people
in their struggle to recover their northern territories.

Several bookstores in Tokyo which sell exclusively books and publications

from China arranged special counters for Chairman Mao's works and exhibited
pictures showing Chairman Mao's revolutionary life. Since September 10 large
numbers of readers have streamed to Uchiyama, Toho and Ato bookstores to buy
copies of the Chinese paper "Renmin Ribao" (‘The People's Daily") which carries
reports and articles paying tribute to the memory of Chairman Mao. A lot of
customers bought volumes of "Selected Works of Mao Tse~tung," "Quotations from
Chairman Mao Tse~tung," military and philosophical writings of Chairman Mao
Tse-tung, his poems, pictures and Chairman Mao badges.



Colombian revolutionaries should follow this Marxist-Leninist principle.
So long as we have faith in the masses, and mobilize them correctly, we
can achieve great victories."

The article points out that Colombia is similar to old China. The strategic
planning of the Chinese revolution is useful to Colombia. "We must firmly
grasp the strategic line of Mao Tse-tung so as to go deep in the integra-
tion of Marxism-Leninism with our concrete reality."

The article says, "We Colombian revolutionaries and people will continue
to unite with the Chinese people and peoples of other countries in the
struggle against the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United
States." The Colombian people's deepening of the struggle against U.S.
imperialism, social-imperialism and other reactionary forces “will be the
greatest homage to Mao Tse-tung, the great teacher of the international
proletariat."

cso: 4020

20



29044

3

JPRS 68123

27 October 1976

TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

No. 364

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

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Question: Mr Yang, will you tell us what the current directions are in
physics?

Answer: Physics is a very big science. Within it, there are many meaning-
ful things in development. My specialty is basic physics, and there have
een some relatively important developments in recent years in research

in this field. What we wish to understand is related to the structure of
pasic particles within atomic nuclei, and we have done much work in these
years. I personally consider that, during the past 30 years, basic
particle (research) scientists have made many important discoveries, but
still have not achieved complete understanding of the entire atomic nucleus.
There have been extremely important discoveries during the past 2 years. .
Since Novenber 1974, particularly during the past 10-odd months, many new
protons have been discovered. Now I dare not say approximately how many,
but we can be sure that there are 8 or 9, or 9 or 10. The existence of
these new protons had never been anticipated. In the past, new discoveries
might have opened up some new territory in research into the structure of
atomic nuclei. In the past year and a half, the knowledge furnished by
experimental physics has far surpassed the capabilities of the theoretical
physicists, and has permitted a relatively complete understanding of the
related research. Many significant things are also developing in other
aspects of physics research. .

With regard to the theory of physics, what has occupied everyone's atten-
tion in research for the past 5 years has been the "gauge field" problem.
There are many problems awaiting solutions in this area, but it is believed
that they can be solved in the next few years. Finally, it is even more
possible that all interactions may be clarified through research to yield
a complete "gauge field" theory.

Question: What is the relationship between dialectical materialism and
the "gauge field" theory of which you just spoke?

Answer: I don't know too much about dialectical materialism [laughter],
but I think that there would not be too many contradictions between the
theories I discussed and dialectical materialism. I also just brought up
a question, which is what can be considered to be true. Yet I feel that
the related discussion and dialectical materialism are not contradictory.

Question: With such developments in research related to "gauge fiela"
theory, will the scientists be able to stop progressing after that?

Answer: No, it still cannot be said that research related to "gauge field"
theory has achieved a major accomplishment. In the past when research was
being conducted in relation to certain problems, there were people who said
that there had been "a major accomplishment," but who were later proved to
be wrong. From the standpoint of man's knowledge, current developments

in research in this direction are a great step forward, but I believe that
very few will say, "All research work has now been finished."

43



U.S., W. EUROPEAN MEMORIAL MEETINGS MOURN MAO
Peking NCNA in English 1440 GMT 7 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, 7 October 1976 (HSINHUA)--Memorial meetings for Chairman Mao
Tse-tung have been held by masses in the United States, Britain, Spain and
Greece in the past weeks.

At a memorial meeting in Chicago, on 19 September Bob Avakian, chairman of the
Central Committee of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA, said that Chair-
man Mao Tse-tung pointed the direction for the working class and oppressed peo-
ple not only of China but of the whole world, including those of the United
States. Avakian praised Chairman Mao for integrating the universal truths

of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution,
leading the Chinese people from victory to victory, summing up the experiences
of the revolutionary struggles of China and the world, particularly the les-
sons of capitalist restoration in the Soviet Union, putting forward the theory
of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, and
inheriting and developing Marxism-Leninism. He said in conclusion that hund-
reds of millions of people will continue the cause for which Chairman Mao
fought and to which he devoted his entire life, until the great goal of elim-
inating exploitation and oppression and of communism is finally achieved.
"This is the best way for us to honor the memory of Mao Tse-tung, and it's the
cause for which the working class today and our future generations will work."

A mass rally was held in London on 25 September to pay tribute to Chairman Mao
Tse-tung. It was jointly sponsored by the Communist Federation of Britain
(Marxist-Leninist), the Communist Unity Association (Marxist-Leninist) and
the East London Marxist-Leninist Association.

!
The rally opened to the strains of the "Internationale." The portrait of
Chairman Mao Tse-tung was flanked with streamers proclaiming "Long Live In-
vincible Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung thought!" and "Eternal Glory to the
Great Leader and Teacher Comrade Mao Tse-tung!"

The rally heard first the message issued to the whole party, whole army and
people of all nationalities throughout China by the Central Committee of the



Kazuo Kamieda, president of the Kansai Chapter of the Association for the pro-
motion of international trade of Japan, said: "The spirit of Chairman Mao
will be satisfactorily inherited by the 800-million Chinese people and Chair-
man Mao's deeds will shine brightly in human history."

Heijiro Nakae, chairman of the Osaka chapter of the General Council of Trade
Unions of Japan (SOHYO) said: "Chairman Mao taught us that 'the Japanese
and Chinese peoples are good friends.’ We should further strengthen the
friendship between the two countries in accordance with this teaching."

Jiro Kaneko, chairman of the Osaka prefectural headquarters of the Japan-
China Friendship Association (orthodox), said: "In deeply mourning Chair-
man Mao, we should further strive to develop the friendship between Japan and
China, for the conclusion of the Japan-China peace and friendship treaty and
enhance the friendly cooperation between our two peoples."

A memorial meeting attended by over 400 people from all walks of life was
held on 29 September in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi prefecture, to deeply mourn
the passing of Chairman Mao Tse-tung.

A memorial meeting was held in Sapporo on the afternoon of 25 September by
more than 200 representatives from five organizations including the Hokkaido
headquarters of the Japan-China Friendship Association (orthodox) and promi-
nent figures in Hokkaido. Memorial speeches were made by Nishida, adviser

of the Hokkaido general bureau of the Association for the Promotion of Inter-
national Trade of Japan, Tetsuo Ara, president of the Hokkaido headquarters
of the Japan-China Friendship Association (orthodox) and others.

Memorial meetings were also held recently by local headquarters of the Japan-
China Friendship Association (orthodox) to express mourning for and recall
the magnificent contributions of Chairman Mao Tse-tung. The meetings were
held in Miyazaki, Oita, Fukuoka, Ibaraki, Yamanashi, Ishikawa, Hyogo,
Wakayama, Ehime and Iwakuni.

cso: 4020



ENTERPRISES PROLIFERATING IN KWANGTUNG'S RURAL COMMUNES
Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 27 Jul 76 p 2

[Excerpts] There has been great development in enterprises run by rural
communes and production brigades in Kwangtung Province since the great pro-
letarian cultural revolution. Currently, there are more than 57,000 such
enterprises in the entire province, an increase of more than 300 percent
over the pre-great cultural revolutionary year of 1965, and last year the
gross revenue was over 400 percent over 1965. With the development of com-
mune and production brigade enterprises, the ratio of economic income of
the 3 grades in the commune (commune, production brigade, and production
team) underwent a change. Prior to 1965, the ratio of economic income of
the commune and production brigade stood at 7 percent, in 1975 it has in-
creased to 22.1 percent, while the production team ratio fell from the 93
percent in 1965 to 77.9 percent in 1975. Adapting to local conditions,
many communes and production brigades fully utilized local resources to
actively set up and operate farms, logging and cultivating farms of the
forestry industry, tea farms, fruit orchards, stock animal farms, and fish
nurseries, and vigorously established agricultural support enterprises such
as maintenance, repair and manufacture of agricultural implements and pro-
cessing of agricultural side products, as well as small enterprises in ce-
ment, chemical fertilizers, coal mines, hydroelectric power, and limestone
quarries. And in those areas where the conditions are favorable, enter-
prises in support of the well-being of rural and urban people, of state run
big industries, and export in foreign trade.

8493
cso: 4006

39



it adds. Chairman Mao "subjected the revisionist trash to Marxist-Leninist
analysis and exposed it on a world-wide scale. It is simply impossible to
measure adequately the immensity of such a contribution."

The article says in conclusion that Chairman Mao's "call to study (Marxism-
Leninism) was for the purpose of promoting more effective revolutionary work
to serve the people. We, too, can serve the Australian people by striving
harder to integrate into Australian conditions the universal truths of
Marxism-Leninism inherited, defended and developed as they were by Chairman
Mao Tse-tung."

"THE FORGE," biweekly organ of the Communist League (M-L) of Canada, pub-
lished a special supplement on 23 September to pay homage to Chairman Mao.
The supplement says, "all his life, Chairman Mao waged bitter struggle
against all opportunists, of the 'left' and of the right. Always faithful
to the principles of Marxism-Leninism, Chairman Mao played a key role in
the struggle against revisionism. Mao Tse-tung's work and action remain a
precious guide, a shining beacon in the struggle against revisionism," the
supplement adds. "To take up the example of his life and learn from it, to
deepen our study of his work is an essential task for the young communist
movement and for the workers in Canada."

"THE CALL," weekly organ of the U.S. October League (M-L), in an article
published on 20 September says that Chairman Mao "was the greatest Marxist
of the contemporary era. Millions came to love and cherish Chairman Mao
and to follow the brilliant path he charted on the road to communism," the
article says. It extols Chairman Mao who "personally guided the Chinese
people through each stage of their revolution and provided the leadership
to the communist movement throughout the world in its life or death strug-
gle against revisionism and opportunism of all types." The article points
out that Chairman Mao's very important contribution to Marxism-Leninism
was his teachings that there is still class struggle throughout the period
of socialism. "In the course of many struggles against the capitalist-
roaders in China as well as against international revisionism headed by the
USSR, Chairman Mao pointed the way forward, calling class struggle 'the key
link' in building socialism." It continues that applying the theory of
Marxism-Leninism to socialist society, Chairman Mao "developed and deepened
communist theory and practice and answered previously unanswered questions
dealing with the nature of the revolution under socialism."

“REVOLUTION," organ of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Communist
Party of the United States, recently devoted a special issue to an account
of the glorious and militant life of Chairman Mao Tse-tung, the great
leader and teacher of the Chinese people. It is pointed out in the special
issue that “at every crucial crossroads for the Chinese revolution, and the
crucial crossroads for the whole international working class in the con-
temporary world, it was Mao Tse-tung who was able to analyze the situation
and show the way forward. And in the course of this he further developed
Marxism and trained millions in its use so that the working class could

27



Question: What difficulties are there in the study of such theories?

Answer: High energy physics is currently facing numerous difficulties. Two among
them are the principal ones. The first is that machines are not increasing in
size. Although this is not desired by physicists, they have no recourse and
must use them because what we study is smaller and smaller. To study even small-
er objectives requires even more protons of even higher energy, and to produce
protons of even higher energy requires even larger machines. Thus each
experiment takes not 1 or 2 days nor 1 or 2 months, but frequently takes
several months! time, and action or inaction costs several million dollars,
to say nothing of the entire experiment. So, generally speaking, work in
this field is much slower than it was. This is one aspect. Further, some
things are truly difficult for man to research rapidly because the manpower
and material requirements are too great. In addition, the problem of basic
particles which must now be studied is an extremely complex one, far more
complex than anticipated 30 years ago. This is because at that time very

few types of protons had been discovered whereas now there are many

hundreds, and interactions take place among them. Therefore, existing
calculating methods are no longer suitable, which also gives rise to many
difficulties. This is not to say, however, that those studying basic
particles are very discouraged or feel that the future holds no hope.

Looking back on the history of the development of physics, we have similar
experiences. For example, in the beginning, scientists found the electronic
computer somewhat puzzling and felt that it was very strange. I believe

that we will finally have a comparatively deep understanding of "gauge

field" theory. Of course, this may not be seen by our generation of
physicists.

Question: What is your preliminary view of the great revolutionary debate
which has arisen in Chinese scientific and technological circles?

Answer: I don't understand much more about this problem than you students
in Hong Kong. I personally consider this an extremely complex question.
The development of science and technology is but one of the innumerable
factors in the entire society, and the debate which has risen in China's
scientific and technological circles was not a case of their developing
their own debate. I believe that no movement of a country does not have
deep political meaning, and acquainting ourselves with this movement in
the abstract is meaningless--we must first clarify what question it is
that they are discussing. We know that a tendency can exist in a society
to feel that art and science is art and science, and has no connection
with politics. In these past years, I have felt that this concept is
totally erroneous and we cannot separate ourselves completely from society.
The development of science and technology in every country has a direct
and close relationship with the political development of that country as

a whole. Scientific research cannot be completely divorced from political
problems.

4a



MARXIST-LENINIST ORGANS OF THE WORLD MOURN MAO'S DEATH
Peking NCNA in English 0700 GMT 10 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, 9 Oct 76, (HSINHUA)--Organs of Marxist-Leninist parties
and organizations in West Europe, North America and Oceania have continued
to carry articles to deeply mourn the passing of Chairman Mao Tse-tung and
eulogize him for enriching the theoretical treasure-house of Marxism and
making immense contributions to the international communist movement and
the proletarian revolutionary cause of the world.

The "PEOPLE'S VOICE," weekly organ of the Communist Party of New Zealand,
carried an article on 20 September entitled "How New Zealand Workers Are
Helped by the Teaching of Mao Tse-tung." The article says: "One of the
major contributions of Mao Tse-tung, directly affecting New Zealand work-
ers, was his major struggle against all kinds of opportunism. This life-
time struggle against opportunism in defense of working class Marxist-
Leninist principles, equipped Mao Tse-tung to recognize and expose the
Soviet opportunism-and its revision of Marxist-Leninist principles. But
for this exposure, the world working class movement--including New Zealand--
would have been more seriously misled and diverted by the revisionists

than has already happened," the article says. It stresses that Chairman
Mao's analysis of how class struggle continues under socialism is very
important. It says that Chairman Mao's analysis "enabled the Chinese party
to strengthen itself by combatting the bourgeois line wherever it springs
up. This struggle between the bourgeois line and the proletarian line of
Marxism-Leninism has enabled the Chinese working class to maintain leader-
ship in everything. But it has also been a shining example to the commu-
nist party here."

"VANGUARD," organ of the Communist Party of Australia (Marxist-Leninist) ,
carried an article on 7 October entitled "Study Chairman Mao's Magnificent
Legacy of Marxist Theory," praising Chairman Mao for “making a really im-
mense contribution to Marxism-Leninism. His writings certainly inherited,
defended and developed Marxism-Leninism," the article says. "Chairman Mao's
analysis of revisionism and, in particular, of the development of Soviet
revisionism and Soviet social-imperialism is in keeping with the great
struggles fought by Marx and Lenin against the opportunism of their day,"

26



HAITIAN WORKERS PARTY MOURNS MAO DEATH
Peking NCNA in English 1310 GMT 3 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, October 3, 1976 (HSINHUA)--The Haitain workers party has sent
a letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Stand-
ing Committee of the National People's Congress:of the People's Republic of
China, the Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of China and the Chinese people extending profound condolences on the
passing of Chairman Mao Tse-tung.

The letter dated September 12 days: "The passing of Comrade Mao Tse-tung is
that of the greatest Marxist-Leninist of our time. Consequently, his death
aroused grief not only in the hearts of the Chinese people, but also in the
hearts of the proletariat and the peoples throughout the world who are fighting
for national independence, the establishment of socialism and the realization
of communism."

The letter says: "Comrade Mao Tse-tung has passed away, but his accomplish-
ments and thought will serve as a guide to the Haitian Workers Party and
revolutionaries of various countries. He made inestimable contributions to
Marxism-Leninism. Comrade Mao Tse-tung waged fierce and acute struggles against
the right and 'left' opportunist lines within the Communist Party of China.
Comrade Mao Tse-tung taught the Haitian Workers Party and the revolutionaries
the world over that a genuine Marxist-Leninist party, a united front and a
people's army must be founded in order to defeat national and international
enemies. He also taught us that there are still classes and class struggle
after the socialist transformation of the ownership of the means of produc~
tion has, in the main, been completed and it is necesary to continue the
revolution under the all-round dictatorship of the proletariat."

‘The letter concludes by saying: "The Haitian Workers Party reiterates, as a
homage to the memory of Comrade Mao Tse-tung, its unswerving determination
to creatively apply the scientific principles of Marxism-Leninism and Mao
Tse-tung thought. The Haitian Workers Party solemnly pledges that it will
carry through to final victory the struggle of the Haitian people and the en-
tire oppressed people against imperialism, social-imperialism, revisionism,
hegemonism, racism, colonialism and neocolonialism.

cso: 4020



said. "The very thought that the great teacher Chairman Mao Tse-tung has left
us forever plunged all of us into immense grief. Many comrades could not hold
back their tears and many sobbed."

"The great teacher Chairman Mao Tse-tung passed away," the broadcast said,
“but his name and feats are eternal. The most respected and beloved Chairman
Mao will live forever in the hearts of the revolutionary people of our country
and the world. Invincible Mao Tse-tung thought will always be the beacon
guiding the victorious advance of the revolutionary people of our country

and of the whole world."

cso: 4020

7



Chinese-Americans Yang Chen-ning, Chien-shiung Wu, Chia-liu Yuan, Chen
Pien Li, Chih-kung Jen, and Chia-chiao Lin, Taiwan compatriots residing in
foreign countries, patriot overseas Chinese, compatriots in Hong Kong and
Macao.

Messages of condolences have also been sent by diplomatic envoys from many
countries to China, foreign experts and students in China and other friends

of China.

cso: 4020

34



ECONOMIC

MASS INCREASE RECORDED IN KWANGSI INDUSTRY
Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 19 Jul 76 p 4

[Text] Under the impetus provided by the glorious struggle to criticize
Teng and counterattack the evil wind of decision-reversal fanned up by the
right opportunists, an excellent situation prevails in revolution and pro-
duction on the industrial front of Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region, and
marked increases have been recorded in the production of chemical fertilizers,
agricultural machinery, coal, and cement. From January to May of this year,
production of chemical fertilizers for the entire region increased by 11.6
percent over the corresponding period of last year, with nitrogenous ferti-
lizer marking up an increase of 38.8 percent; agricultural machinery in-
creased by 38 percent, with the Feng Shou 37 model tractor showing an in-
crease of over 100 percent, motorized harrows by 200 percent, agricultural
tractors by 96 percent; Coal ore production increased by 8 percent, with the
small coal mines run by districts, counties, and communes showing an in-
crease of 26 percent, attaining the highest record ever; and cement produc—
tion gained by 5 percent, with small cement plants run by counties and com-
munes marking up an increase of 24.6 percent.

Revolution has propelled the development of production. The broad masses
of workers and officials of the chemical fertilizer, agricultural machinery,
coal, and cement industrial departments of Kwangsi are continuously step—
ping up the tempo of industrial production by developing a step further the
mass movement of "Learn from Taching in Industry," and criticizing in depth
the counterrevolutionary revisionist line of Teng Hsiao-ping, using class
struggle as a guidelines. In the first 5 months of this year, 7 small ni-
trogenous fertilizer plants have been built and put into production in
Kwangsi, thereby creating a new phenomenon of the most rapid advance in
history and the highest number built and put into production. The agri-
cultural machinery factories in the Kweiling area completed production
plans for the first half of this year 30 days ahead of schedule, and pro-
vided strong support to agricultural production.

The agricultural machineries department of Kwangsi, and the agricultural
machineries repair and manufacturing plants of counties and communes have

35



and moreover to be able to begin to explore depths of 6000 meters, with
production at that depth possible by the year 2000. In 1971 the amount

of petroleum extracted from shallow waters was 580 million tons [or 508
million tons; text ambiguous], equivalent to 18 percent of crude oil output
for that year. The estimate of ocean floor crude oil output for 1980 is
expected to exceed 1 billion tons and by the year 2000 the production of
ocean floor crude oil is estimated to amount to 50 percent of the world's
production!

There are still a number of other useful mineral products such as poly-
metallic sludge and diamonds, but due to the limitations of space we will
not take them up individually here. Nonetheless from the above introduction
to some conditions it is possible to see that the ocean floor is indeed a
huge "treasure platter," and that the development and utilization of the
oceans’ resources is only just beginning.

Our great socialist homeland has an extensive surface area with an endless
coastline, a broad sea region and an extensive continental shelf. One

can anticiapte that the hidden rich ocean resources will definitely, in the
near future, be able to make the contributions which it should to China's
socialist construction!

12014, 160 _180_160 140120 100
a

A

40

2

16060 140120 «160 BoD

Ore Zone

Abundant

Cy Scarce

Fig. 2. Map showing distribution of manganese nodules
in the Pacific Ocean

11723
- END -
CSO: 8311/4544
50



SUDANESE PRESIDENT CONDOLES MAO DEATH
Peking NCNA in English 1206 GMT 8 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Khartoum, 7 Oct 76, (HSINHUA)--Sudanese President Ja'far Muhammad
Numayri expressed to Chang Yueh, Chinese ambassador to the Sudan, his deep
condolences on the passing of Chairman Mao, the great leader and teacher
of the Chinese people when he received the ambassador at the Friendship
Hall here this morning.

"I feel sad and painful at the passing away of Chairman Mao. It will
forever be a great loss of ours," the president said, adding, “What soothes
and encourages us is that he has brought up a generation which is strong
and firm enough to go ahead continuously in line with his teachings and
along his path of struggle."

“The Sudanese people and government highly respect Chairman Mao Tse-tung,"
he stated.

In his cordial and friendly talk with the ambassador, the president stressed
that the friendship between the peoples and governments of the Sudan and
China will be further strengthened and develop continuously.

cso: 4020

23



JPRS 68123

27 October 1976

* TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

No. 364
ConTENTS PAGE
POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
Brazilian CP Sends Condolence Letter to CCP
(NCNA, 3 Oct 76). .ceccececcrcccscecccercccrecvsscsces 1
Haitian Workers Party Mourns Mao Death
(NCNA, 3 Oct 76). cccccecerccccsccccccaccccrerccevecos 3
Japanese People Mourn Death of Chairman Mao
(NCNA, 4, 5 Oct 76). .cecescecccvcccercrccececcccceres 4
Tributes to Mao
Memorial Meetings
U.S., W. European Memorial Meetings Mourn Mao
(NCNA, 7 Oct 76). .ceceesceccccecccrecsccccceerscerees 7
African People Will Remember Mao Forever '
(NCNA, 7 Oct 76) .ceccceccccccccccrecscccesaccecscsoes 10
Latin American People Mourn Death of Mao
(NCNA, 7 Oct 76) ..ccccceeccccccccccecscccssccevscseee 14
Malayan Communists, Armymen, People Mourn Mao
(NCNA, 7 Oct 76). .ccccccecerecescrcevcecccccccceccees 16
Latin American M-L Papers Pay Homage to Mao
(NCNA, 8 Oct 76) ..ccececscseccecccsececsecceccceavees 18
African Press Praises Contributions of Mao
(NCNA, 8 Oct 76). .cecccccececcccccccccscecceerccecees 21
Sudanese President Condoles Mao Death
(NCNA, 8 Oct 76). .ccccccccececccncssccarservccererees 23
-a- [III - cc - 80 S & T]



SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

YANG CHEN-NING DISCUSSES SCIENCE IN CHINA

Hong Kong WEN-HUI PAO in Chinese 27 Mar 76 p 1

[Text] Yesterday, after making a speech on "Gauge Fields" and other topics
at the Chinese University, Professor Yang Chen-ning [2799 2182 1380] took
time to have a discussion with part of the students of the university and
middle school.

During the discussion, Professor Yang pointed out that, although some success
has been achieved in recent years by the world's scientists in the study of
the interaction of electrified particles with magnetic fields and other
theories related to "gauge fields," it is not equal to "a major accomplish-
ment." Research related to basic particles has become an important direc-
tion for the world's physicists, and Chinese physicists are carrying on
active research in problems of "gauge field" theory, basic particles, and
other aspects.

Speaking of the perception of China's current great revolutionary debate
in scientific and technological circles, Professor Yang also pointed out:
"The great debate opened in Chinese scientific and technological circles
has a very important political meaning; one mst know that the viewpoint
of science and art for science and art's sake is erroneous, and scientific
research cannot be carried on separately from society."

Professor Yang's discussion with the university and middle school students
lasted for about a half-hour. Although the time was short, the students,
deeply appreciative of Professor Yang, brought up many questions, including
those regarding the objectives of this trip of Professor Yang's to China,
current directions in physics, the current and future outlook for research
in "gauge field" theory, current developments in basic particle research,
the perception of problems involved in matters ranging from China's current
educational revolution through the great revolutionary debate in scientific
and technological circles and the perception of China's promotion of the
"Three-in-One" spirit in scientific research. Professor Yang answered each
question brought up by the students. ‘The related detailed questions and
answers follow.

42



COAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPING IN TAN TUNG MUNICIPALITY, LIAONING
Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 28 Jul 76 p 3

[Excerpts] Liaoning Province's Tan-tung city is a well known light industry
municipality in northeast China, and it has also rapidly developed the coal
industry since the great proletarian cultural revolution. Now, relatively
big coal mines have been developed from 1 to 3. The coal production in
1975 was equivalent to 3.4 times that of 1965, the year prior to the Great
Proletarian Cultural Revolution. A new coal washing plant has also been
constructed, while a complete coal industry system of mining, transporting,
washing, and refining is beginning to emerge.

Formerly, Tan-tung municipality did not develop slag coal urgently needed

by the steel and iron industry. After 3 years of brave struggle in the midst
of triumphant song a slag coal mine was constructed and put into production.
Mines that were forced to close down before the Great Proletarian Cultural
Revolution resumed production very quickly. Coal production of commune and
production brigade coal mines alone last year increased by nearly 100 per-
cent over that of the total output of the entire city before the Great Pro-
letarian Cultural Revolution.

8493
cso: 4006

40



AFRICAN PEOPLE WILL REMEMBER MAO FOREVER
Peking NCNA in English 1244 GMT 7 Oct 76 OW
[By NCNA correspondent]

[Text] Peking, 7 October 1976 (HSINHUA)--When the sad news of the passing of
Chairman Mao Tse-tung, the great leader and teacher, spread to Africa, the
masses of the people and officials of many African countries deeply mourned
him with feelings of grief and esteem. They pointed out that Chairman Mao
was the great teacher of the people of the Third World who had shown the road
of advance for the oppressed nations and oppressed people in their cause of
liberation.

In Niger, a landlocked country in West Africa, workers, peasants, government
officials and persons of other circles streamed to the Chinese Embassy or
called on their Chinese friends to express their profound sorrow at the pass—
ing of Chairman Mao. In the reclamation area where the Chinese agro-technical
team works, many people wore black armbands to express their deep mourning for
Chairman Mao. The Niger friends extolled the brilliant achievements of Chair-
man Mao Tse-tung in their inscriptions in the book of condolence or in con-
versations with their Chinese friends. They pointed out that Chairman Mao
was "the greatest man of the contemporary era," "the standard-bearer in the
fight against imperialism, colonialism and hegemoniam," "the great leader of
the oppressed people and oppressed nations" and "the great teacher of the peo-
ple of the Third World.” The director of the National Museum of Niger wrote
in the book of condolence: "Chairman Mao Tse~tung is the symbol of dignity,
freedom and progress for the people of various countries who are opposing
superpower hegemonism."

In those sorrowful days, officials and people in Tananarive, capital of Mada-
gascar, an island country in the West Indian Ocean, called at the Chinese
Embassy to express their mourning. A student wrote in the book of condolence,
"The road opened up by Chairman Mao Tse-tung is one of resolute struggle against
imperialism and social-imperialism and a bright road for the cause of emancipa-
tion and revolution of the oppressed people."

10



Asia, Latin America and elsewhere in their resolute fight against the shame-
ful shackles of imperialism and colonialism."

In Zaire in Central Africa, many friends working together with the Chinese
agro-technical group and the Chinese medical team or at the construction site
of the people's palace went to the residences of the Chinese colleagues to
extend their condolences. Many of them, with tears in their eyes, stood in
silent tribute before the portrait of Chairman Mao. Two weeping nurses of
the Kintambo Hospital placed flowers, collected from the countryside, in
front of the:portrait of Chairman Mao.

In the book of condolence in the Chinese Embassy in Zaire, Mokolo Wa Mpombo,
chief advisor to the presidency of the Republic, wrote: "Chairman Mao left us,
but his thought remains eternal." Adame Diagne, secretary-general of the
Union of African Railways, pointed out, "Chairman Mao Tse-tung is a great
helmsman of China's revolution whose exceptional dimension has pushed for-
ward the history of the-peoples of the whole worldand'particularly the African
people's struggle for development."

In Chad, the working people and people of other circles expressed their heart—
felt love and respect for Chairman Mao. One college student wrote: “The
Chinese people have lost their leader, mankind has lost a greatman and the
freedom-loving people have lost a teacher." A staff member of the state-
owned trade company wrote: "For the Third World and oppressed peoples, Chair-
man Mao is still alive because his thought is eternal."

In Mauritania on the Atlantic coast, workers and students, teachers and army-
men were stricken with deep grief. Writing long tributes in the condolence
book, some of them warmly praised the magnificent contributions of Chairman
Mao Tse-tung and his invincible thought. A middle school student wrote:

"The great leader Chairman Mao has passed away, but his illustrious thought
will forever remain imprinted in the hearts of the oppressed of all conti-
nents." Some Mauritanians took a solemn oath before the portrait of Chairman
Mao Tse-tung that they would forever be loyal to his cause. Overwhelmed with
bitter grief, still others sobbed before the:portrait of Chairman Mao Tse-tung.

In Burundi, many friends wrote tributes or poems in the condolence book of
the Chinese Embassy to express their mourning. A friend wrote: "Chairman
Mao Tse-tung will forever live in our hearts and be our teacher and example."
In spite of fatigue after work, some teachers outside of Bujumbura made a
special trip to the capital to pay condolence calls at the Chinese Embassy.

The news of Chairman Mao Tse-tung's death plunged many friends in Upper Volta
into profound sorrow. A responsible member of the Upper Volta Association for
Friendship with the peoples said: "The passing of illustrious Chairman Mao
is a shock to the people of various countries and, in particular, to the peo-
ple of the Third World. They have lost a best teacher." An official of the
Ministry of Rural Development said: "The works of Chairman Mao will forever
be engraved in golden letters in the annuals of the revolutionaries through-
out the world."

12



BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA 1. Report No.

SHEET JPRS 68123

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TRANSLATIONS ON PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, No. 364

3. Report Date
27 October 1976

6.

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The report contains political, sociological, economic, government, scientific
and technological information on China.

17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors

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17b. Identifiers /Open-Ended Terms

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Association Hoang Quoc Viet, Chairman of the Laos-China Friendship Asso-
ciation Ma Khaykhamphithoun, Chairman of the Afghanistan-China Friendship
Association Sultan Mahmoud Ghazi, the Bangladesh-China Friendship Associa-
tion, the national headquarters of the Japan-China Friendship Association
(Orthodox), the Japan-China Cultural Exchange Association, the Nepal-China
Cultural Association, the ad hoc committee of the Nepal-China Friendship
Society, the Karachi Pakistan-China Friendship Society, the Association for
Philippine-Chinese Understanding, the Sri Lanka-China Friendship Association,
the Thailand-China Friendship Association, the president of the Congolese
Association for Friendship among the Peoples Vital Balla, the chairman of
the Togo-China Friendship Association Esso Doguemsa Birregan, the Associa-
tion of Friendship Among the Peoples of Upper Volta, Chairman of the
Austrian Research Institute on China Bruno Pittermann, the Belgium-China
Association, President of the Denmark-China Friendship Association Per
Fynbos, Chairman of the Finland-China Society Urho Kahonen, executive
chairman of the National Bureau of the Presidium of the France-China Friend-
ship Society Charles Bettepheim, Chairman of the Germany-China Friendship
Society Elo Baumberger, leading members of West Berlin-China Society for
Understanding and Friendship Heiz Spreitz and Monika Behrendt, the Italian
Association for Friendly Relations with the People's Republic of China, the
Center of Study and Information on Chinese Policies from Italy, president
of the Luxembourg-China Friendship Association Adolphe Franck, the Nether-
lands-China Friendship Association, Chairman of the Norway-China Friendship
Association Torbjorn Farovik, Chairman of the Swedish-Chinese Friendship
Association Christer Leopold, the Switzerland-China Association, president
of the Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding Joseph Needham and Chairman
Felix Greene, the China Policy Study Group of Britain, the Scotland-China
Association, the Canada-China Friendship Association of Halifax, the Canada-
China Society of Montreal, the Canada-China Friendship Society and the
Chinese Cultural Society of Saskatchewan Province, the Amities Quebec-
China, the Mexican Society of Friends of People's China, the Venezuela
Consejo Nacional de la Cultura, president of the National Committee of the
New Zealand-China Society Charles Ronald Howell and Secretary Jack F. Ewen,
national secretary of the Australia-China Society Miss Lindy Decker and
National President of the Society Geoffrey Stillwelp, Chairman of the Na-
tional U.S. China People's Friendship Association Frank Pestana and local
chapters of the association and friendship associations of other countries.

Japanese friends Kozo Sasaki, Kinkazu Saionji, Saburo Endo, Shigeru Fujita,
Yusho Otsuka, Yoko Matsuoka, Yasushi Inoue, Kaheita Okazaki, Tokumatsu
Sakamoto, Shizuma Kai, Miho Mayama, Takeo Ito, Kazuo Kamieda, and
Miucdhclsclyoshimura, noted cinema directors of the Netherlands Joris
Ivens and Loradan, Swedish friends Wiberg and his wife, Greek authoress

H. Kazantsaki, Iceland friend Arnthor Helgason, American friends William
H. Hinton and Mrs Dubois, Chairman of the General Association of Korean
Residents in Japan Han Tok-su, the Liberation League of "Outcast" Commu-
nities of Japan and the Shinseisaku Troupe of Japan.

Figures of the Japanese economic and trade circles Yoshihiro Inayama,
Shigeo Nagano, Kazutaka Kikawada, Yoshishige Ashihara, Isamu Saeki and
Teiichiro Morinaga.

33



AFRICAN PRESS PRAISES CONTRIBUTIONS OF MAO
Peking NCNA in English 2015 GMT 8 Oct 76 OW

[Text] Peking, 8 Oct 76, (HSINHUA)--The African press when cherishing the
memory of the late Chairman Mao Tse-tung, highly praises his magnificent
contributions and Mao Tse-tung thought.

The Benin paper "ZHUZU" says in an editorial, “The venerable Chairman Mao
Tse-tung has made an inestimable contribution in both theory and practice
to the international revolutionary movement of the proletariat. The
magnificent and inexhaustible revolutionary treasury of Mao Tse-tung
thought will forever shine over the entire world, particularly the prole-
tarians of all countries and oppressed nations and peoples."

In another editorial entitled "Go to the Inexhaustible Source of Mao Tse-
tung Thought," the paper says, “After the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin,
the works of Chairman Mao Tse-tung constitute an inexhaustible treasury

for the revolutionaries of all countries and an infinite force of progress."
It says, "We must time and again study the great works of Mao Tse-tung which
mark an epoch in the history of mankind, with the aim to learn more and more
from this live source of scientific teaching, the knowledge of the laws that
govern the world we are in."

The Tanzanian paper "UHURU" carried a series of articles under the title
"Mao Tse-tung Thought and World Revolution." One of them says that under
the leadership of Chairman Mao China has made tremendous achievements in
revolution and construction. It emphatically points out, "The Chinese
revolution and Chairman Mao's theory on people's war is of particular sig-
nificance to us today." .

The Senegal television station acquainted the Senegalese people with the
great achievements made by the Chinese people under the guidance of Mao
Tse-tung thought. It said, "Mao Tse-tung thought cannot be and would not
be without influence on the Third World where three-quarters of the popula-
tion are peasants."

The Mozambican paper "NOTICIAS" in an editorial under the title "The Great
Revolutionary" says, “The words used on the passing of Mao Tse-tung by

21



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Question: How do you feel about China's system for training scientific and
technological personnel?

Answer: I consider that, in societies in general, people view individual
achievement as extremely important. According to my understanding, China's
scientists are now vastly different from this in ideology and consciousness.
Specifically, in the past, in certain research departments the scientists
always thought about preserving their own set [field of knowledge or

"bag of tricks"], end were unwilling to let others know it. Thus, in group
research, they were also not too willing to express their own judgments.
Speaking of today's China, this phenomenon seldom exists, and if it does,
it exists to a much lesser degree than in Western societies or in the
society of Hong Kong. This is because of the difference in the systems.

Question: What are your views on China's development of the "Three-in-One"
spirit of "Workers, technicians and scientists" to carry on scientific
research?

Answer: This is a very important matter. When carrying out scientific
research in the West, scientists, technicians and others are still needed
to assist in the work, but the problem is that the general run of such
staff and workers are not valued highly. In my experience, I have found
in actual work that workers and technicians were sometimes brighter than
us scientists. For example, I was conducting experiments for a period of
time at the University of Chicago, and, when I was about to graduate and
receive my degree, I had to design an instrument to measure the reaction
obtained from a proton beam passing through a foil. To carry on this
research, however, the thickness of the foil had to be changed from time
to tim. This was an extremely complex problem, because the whole
interior of the instrument had to be a vacuum, and to change the foil
required precautions against "air leakage." I studied this problem after-
wards with an old worker, and he gave me a simple answer on the basis of
his practical experience, telling me that it would be all right merely to
turn the foil slightly to form an angle with the original direction
[laughter]. How valuable was this worker's practical experience: Speaking
of the West, however, the practical experience of workers and technicians
in such matters is not taken seriously, whereas in China such experience
is considered to be very important.

8174
CSO: 4008

45



"Comrade Mao Tse-tung teaches us that we must always take class struggle

as the key link. He teaches us that classes and class struggle also exist
in socialist society and that the revolution must be continued. He teaches
us that class struggle must be carried out within the communist party in the
form of the struggle between the two lines--the proletarian line against
the bourgeois line in order to prevent revisionism. Comrade Mao Tse-tung
led the great proletarian cultural revolution and led the struggle against
the revisionist deviations of Liu Shao-chi, Lin Piao and Teng Hsiao-ping,
thus making an indelible theoretical and practical contribution which guides
us in the struggle against revisionism--counter-revolutionary bourgeois
degeneration within the communist party and in the socialist society. The
most important problem of the international communist movement today is the
struggle of Marxism-Leninism against revisionism; the consolidation of
proletarian ideology and the dictatorship of the proletariat; and the fight
for preventing the revisionist-bourgeois degeneration of the communist party
and the restoration of capitalism."

The article praises Chairman Mao's great strategic concept of the "three
Worlds." It says, "Comrade Mao Tse-tung studied the growth of the factor

of revolution and the factor of war in the world. Chairman Mao Tse-tung
stressed in the past few years the inevitability of a third world war, which
is the consequence of the rivalry between the two superpowers, and above

all, of the aggressiveness of the Soviet Union. Comrade Mao Tse-tung pointed
out to the proletariat and people of the world the biggest enemies--the
Soviet Union and the United States. His political and ideological works

are a compass for us in our struggle against these enemies."

An article carried in the 14 September issue of "CLASS STRUGGLE," organ of
the Norwegian Workers' Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist), says “under Mao
Tse-tung's wise leadership, China emerged as a red bulwark, an immense
inspiration to the revolutionaries of the world. She will always remain
a socialist beacon-light, for the present-day world and the future."

cso: 4020

29



KIANGSU'S OIL REFINING CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PROGRESSING WITH GIANT STEPS
Hong Kong CHUNG-KUO HSIN-WEN in Chinese 26 Jul 76 p 2

[Excerpts] Since the great proletarian cultural revolution, the oil refin-
ing chemical industry of Kiangsu Province has been rapidly propelled in its
development, and, in comparison with the pre-great cultural revolution year
of 1965, the production value of the oil refining chemical industrial enter-
prises in the entire province has increased 600 percent, and the capability
to install chemical industrial products in the province and to supply its
own needs have been greatly enhanced. A 75 percent increase has been made
in the ability to supply products for its own consumption.

Since the great cultural revolution, the oil refining chemical industry
front of Kiangsu Province adhered to the implementation of Chairman Mao's
general guideline to develop the national economy, "with agriculture as the
foundation, and industry as the leader," focused on the development of such
agricultural support commodities as chemical fertilizers and agricultural
pesticides to lead the production of other chemical industrial products.
Presently over two thirds of the chemical industrial enterprises of the
province are serving directly or indirectly to support agriculture. Espec-
ially because of its adherence to the orientation of giving support to agri-
culture, the speed of development in the oil refining chemical enterprises
have been greatly increased, and in 1972, every county has its own small
nitrogenous fertilizer plant.

In 1975 alone, relatively more matured new industrial skills and techniques
that have been propagated and put into use total more than 50 items, some
of these not only filled in the blank spaces in our country but have a defi-
nite advanced standard.

8493
cso: 4006

38



UN REPRESENTATIVES MOURN MAO DEATH IN SPEECHES
Peking NCNA in English 0750 GMT 10 Oct 76 OW

[Text] United Nations, 9 Oct 76, (HSINHUA)--Many representatives, particu-
larly those of Third World countries, to the current session of the UN Gen-
eral Assembly expressed their deep mourning for the passing away of Chairman
Mao Tse-tung in their general debate speeches during the past 2 weeks. They
eulogized his immortal contribution to the revolutionary cause of China and
the cause of liberation of the oppressed nations and people all over the
world.

In his speech, Siteke G. Mwale, minister of foreign affairs of Zambia, said:
"The death of Chairman Mao Tse-tung has left the people of Zambia with a
deep sense of grief. Chairman Mao Tse-tung was a great revolutionary leader
whose life was a shining example of dedication and self-sacrifice in the
cause of the Chinese people and that of mankind as a whole," he pointed out.

He went on, “We, in Zambia, mourn Chairman Mao Tse-tung because he and his
great revolutionary country have been reliable supporters, not only of
Zambia, but of our oppressed brothers and sisters in southern Africa."

Praising Chairman Mao as "one of the most dynamic and distinguished leaders,"
Foreign Minister of Sierra Leone Francis M. Minah said: "By his death, the
People's Republic of China has been deprived of its founder and revered
leader, and the rest of the world has lost the supreme proletarian of our
time, whose primary concern was always for the freedom and dignity of
oppressed peoples everywhere."

"We feel sure that his life and works will continue to motivate the vast
majority of humanity and serve as a continuing inspiration and hope to the
underprivileged and oppressed masses," he said.

Sri Lanka Prime Minister Mrs Sirimavo R. D. Bandaranaike said in her address
to the General Assembly that Chairman Mao Tse-tung was one of the giants of
our time. "I would like to take this opportunity to pay a tribute to his
great contribution to the creation of modern China and to the world of ideas
in the service of mankind," she said.

24



Communist Party of China, the standing committee of the National People's
Congress of the People's Republic of China, the state council of the People's
Republic of China and the military commission of the Central Committee of

the Communist Party of China, in connection with the passing of Chairman Mao
Tse-tung. Also read at the rally was the memorial speech delivered by Comrade
Hua Kuo-Feng, first vice-chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of China and premier of the State Council, at the mass memorial meeting
held in Peking for the great leader and teacher Chairman Mao Tse-tung.

Chairman Mao's famous article "Serve the People" was also read at the rally.

Speakers expressed deep grief over the passing of Chairman Mao Tse-tung.
They extolled the magnificent contribution made by Chairman Mao to the Chin-
ese revolutionary cause and to the international communist movement. They
pledged to turn their grief into strength, conscientiously study Marxism-
Leninism-Mao Tse-tung thought, and act accordingly in memory of Chairman Mao.

The Spain-China Friendship Association held a mass memorial meeting for
Chairman Mao Tse-tung in Madrid on 26 September with over 2,000 working people
and personages of various circles taking part. A huge portrait of Chairman
Mao was hung at the meeting site. When the meeting began at about 9 am, all
the participants observed 1 minute silent tribute to the memory of Chairman
Mao Tse-tung. Parts of a recorded speech of Chairman Mao Tse-tung and the
music "The East is Red" were played.

Dr Jose Toran Pelaez, honorary president of the International commission on
Large Dams and president of the Spanish National Committee of Large Dams,
Jose Maria Gomez-Salome, president of Spain-China Friendship Association and
other friendly personages spoke, evlogizing the great life of Chairman Mao
Tse-tung and expressing deep condolences on his demise.

Color slides made by a friendly personage during his China tour were projected
at the meeting.

In Salonika, the second largest city in Greece, a memorial meeting was held

on 15 September by several hundred people at which Chairman Mao Tse-tung's
immortal contributions to the Chinese revolution and world revolution were
emphasized and slides on his glorious life of struggle were shown. The parti-
cipants shouted frequently: "Long Live Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tse-tung Thought,"
"Mao Tse-tung Thought Will Last Forever," "Down With the Two Superpowers!" and
"Long Live Friendship Among the People of Various Countries!"

Another memorial meeting attended by over 500 people was held in the city on
18 September. Speakers pointed out that the passing of Chairman Mao was a
great loss to the people of China and throughout the world.

A memorial meeting took place in Patras, a city in the Peloponnesus region.



MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE OCEAN FLOOR
Peking K'O-HSUEH SHIH-YEN in Chinese No 3, 1976 pp 34-35

[Article by Fan Shih-ch'ing: "The Ocean Floor--'Treasure Platter’ of
Mineral Resources"]

[Text] Three-fourths of the earth's surface is occupied by oceans. Human
knowledge and understanding of those parts of the ocean which lie from
several hundred to several thousand.meters deep is very slight. With the
development of new scientific techniques the "veil" of the ocean's water
has gradually been lifted and the true surface of the ocean bottom revealed.
Originally, the ocean bottom was truly a large "treasure platter." The
The variety and amount stored of the rich mineral resources are astounding.
Thus it is not surprising that all of the world's nations consider the
development and utilization of the ocean to be work of prime importance.

So what treasures are there on the ocean floor? We attempt here to provide
a simple introduction to this.

Various Types of Nodular Minerals

As early as the late 19th century people discovered, scattered on the
floors of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, a type of potato shaped,
light brown, unevenly sized nodule. These nodules contain many types of
metals, but as the percentage of manganese is especially high, 25 to 35
percent, they are called "manganese nodules." Some of these are rich

in minerals, with a manganese content reaching 36 to 57 percent. Besides
manganese, they contain copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc and other metals
which already have attained industrial classifications and have a
significant extractive value. In addition to the above they contain 35
chemical elements including titanium, molybdenum, zirconium, radium,
thorium, thallium, einsteinium, lead and lanthanum. Nickel is an important
raw material in the production of stainless steel, and also can be used to
produce supernickel alloys. Copper is an important raw material in
electrical equipment, alloys and electroplating. Copper-nickel alloy is
especially used in exploring the ocean due to its resistance to ocean
corrosion. Cobalt can be used to make guided missiles and special alloys,
and has important applications in the national defense industry. .. .

46



of England, Japan, Canada, Chile, Turkey and China's Taiwan Province have
all been found to contain sea floor coal fields. The amount of coal
tunnelled out of the sea floor presently amounts to 30 percent of Japan's
coal production and 10 percent of England's. In Chile, 83.9 percent of
coal production is extracted from the sea floor.

At present the extraction of iron from the sea floor is being carried out
along the coast of Newfoundland (which has an iron ore bed containing several
billion tons) and in Finland. The annual ore production in 1965 was 1.7
million tons. In extracting, a deep shaft is generally constructed along
the coast, at the bottom of which a level extraction tunnel is dug towards
the sea bed mineral structure.

On the ocean floor and in the sea bed mountain ranges, chromite ore and
nickel ore are also very abundant. For example, chromite ore has been
discovered in the rift valley of the Indian Ocean. Copper ore has been
found in the volcanic..rock-beneath a.sedimentary layer 437 meters thick
on the ocean ridge 2240 meters below the surface of the Indian Ocean

at the equator near 90° east latitude.

Various Metallic Sands of the Ocean Floor

The gold, silver and platinum sands of the ocean floor are precious metal

ores which have attracted attention. At present ocean floor gold’sand deposits
have been discovered in certain coastal regions, including Alaska, the
American east coast, Canada, Chile, the Baltic Sea and the Sea of Japan.

Among these, the gold sand layer formed during the Pleistocene glacial

epochs on the ocean bottom in some regions along the Alaskan coast are up

to 100 meters thick!

Tremendous quantities of silver sand and platinum sand have been uncovered
in the region of the Alaskan Sea. The platinum sand ore of the Sa-erh-meng
[5646 3643 5536] River in Alaska has been extracted for many years. The
ore layer extends several hundred nautical miles from near the shore to

the bottom of the Ku-ssu-k'o-ch'a-mu [1655 2448 4430 2686 1191] Bay. This
ocean bottom platinum sand ore is world famous.

The world's main shallow water tin sand producing areas are the coastal
seas of the countries in Southeast Asia and England. Among these, in
Malaysia the sphere of extraction directly reaches to coastal areas with
water 30 to 35 meters deep. The partial thickness of some ocean
sedimentary tin sand beds in Indonesia reaches 20 meters and can be
estracted with a dredger or a flat bottom boat.

Ocean bottom iron ore is distributed in some coastal regions of Japan,

America's west coast and Chile's west coast. In general large pumps are
used to extract it.

48

=



In the Mahitsy Hospital where a Chinese medical team is working, Malagasy
doctors, nurses and patients as well as inhabitants living in the neighbor-
hood expressed to the Chinese medical personnel sincere condolences on the
passing of Chairman Mao Tse-tung. On 29 September, the television of Mada-
gascar gave a special program on the memorial meeting for the great leader
and teadier Chairman Mao Tse-tung at Tienanmen Square in Peking. It also
featured the revolutionary life of Chairman Mao Tse-tung and China's achieve-
ments in national construction.

In the days of mourning for Chairman Mao Tse-tung, Ethiopian workers, peas—
ants, teachers, students, housewives and government officials in a steady
flow called at the Chinese Embassy in Addis Ababa to express their respect
for Chairman Mao.

Fifteen working personnel of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing of
Ethiopia said in a letter of condolence, "Chairman Mao's scientific thinking
and teachings shall live with us paving our way to victory. This holds true
for all oppressed masses, especially the oppressed masses of the Third World,
most stricken under the yoke of feudalism, imperialism and Zionism."

In Somalia, more than 1,000 workers, youth, women, students, teachers,

doctors and local residents called at the Chinese Embassy to express condol-
ences. The mourners, including grey-haired old men andteenagers stood with
extreme sorrow in silent tribute before the portrait of Chairman Mao. A

young man wrote in the condolence book, "The late Chairman Mao Tse-tung

made immortal contributions to the world today. We must tell the reactionaries
and the enemies of Mao Tse-tung that China will act as before. Mao Tse-tung
ig still alive because the:people everywhere are studying quotations from him,"
he said.

In Kenya on the equator, people of various circles deeply mourned the demise
of Chairman Mao Tse-tung in various ways. A Kenyan friend wrote, "Chairman

Mao's teachings and practice are everlasting living symbol for all."

A number of refugees from Namibia illegally occupied by the South African
authorities said in a letter of condolence to the Chinese Embassy in Kenya,
“Comrade Mao, although in his resting place, will remain a vivid memory in our
hearts. He was a beloved leader not only of the great Chinese nation, but

of all suffering masses of Asia, Africa, Latin America and indeed of the world
at large." "Comrade Mao Tse-tung has alwayg enlightened our minds against
our number one enemies imperialism, neocolonialism and new and imminent social-
imperialism," the letter said.

In Uganda, many friends called at the Chinese Embassy to mourn the death of
Chairman Mao. One of them said, "The passing away of Chairman Mao is a great
loss not for the Chinese people alone, but for the whole world community and
particularly for that of the oppressed and struggling nations." Another friend
said, "Mao Tse-tung thought is still guiding struggling mankind in Africa,

11