# Patent

## Title
Data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system

## Abstract

A data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: reading a voice data from a non-volatile memory in a memory system; performing logic operation on the voice data in order to obtain an index; fetching corresponding decoded voice data in a table of the memory system in accordance with the index; and adding the decoded voice data to the voice data in order to obtain an original voice data.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the technical field of voice data decoding and, more particularly, to a data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system.
2. Description of Related Art
For saving storage space, adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) is frequently applied to process typical voice data before storage. FIG. 1 shows an ADPCM device. As shown, an 8-bit error signal e(n) is obtained by subtracting a previous voice signal ŝ(n) from an 8-bit input voice signal s(n). Next, a quantizer 100 quantizes the error signal e(n) and thus generates a 4-bit signal c(n) to output for storage. Next, a delay device 110 delays the 4-bit signal c(n). Then, the 4-bit signal c(n) is multiplied by a 4-bit step device 120 to obtain an 8-bit signal ŝ(n) for next subtraction as recited above. As such, only a quantized error signal is stored, thereby saving storage space.
The 4-bit signal c(n) after ADPCM coding is stored in a memory. When the 4-bit signal c(n) is to be used, as shown in FIG. 2, a multiplier 220 multiplies the signal c(n) by a 4-bit step device 200 to obtain an 8-bit signal d(n). Next, an adder 230 adds the 8-bit signal d(n) to a signal ŝ(n−1) and thus obtains an 8-bit signal ŝ(n). The original signal s(n) can be represented by the signal ŝ(n). The signal ŝ(n) is further delayed by a delay device 210 and thus generates a repeatedly delayed signal ŝ(n−1). However, the signal ŝ(n) is normally applied to lower-end products. Accordingly, upon the price consideration, the multiplier 220 in FIG. 2 seldom is used. Instead, the signal ŝ(n) is obtained by using a processor to look up a table. The 4-bit signal c(n) is stored in such a manner that two 4-bit signals c(n) are taken as a group for being stored in a byte, as shown in FIG. 3. The processor executes instructions shown in FIG. 4, thereby obtaining a pointer of the voice signal ŝ(n) at the lower four bits. A voice signal ŝ(n) is found by using the pointer to look up a predetermined table. Next, the processor executes instructions shown in FIG. 5, thereby obtaining a different pointer of the voice signal ŝ(n) at the upper four bits. Another voice signal ŝ(n) is found by using the different pointer to look up the predetermined table.
However, when the table is used to decode an ADPCM compression signal, it may occupy many processor resources. In addition, due to cost consideration, the processor may not be provided with multiplication instructions and Barrel Shift instruction (which can concurrently shift left or right n bits). Therefore, when the processor executes an instruction to shift right four bits, as shown in FIG. 5, it has to complete the instruction execution by shifting right four times, with one time one bit. Accordingly, the conventional ADPCM decoding method is not satisfactory and thus an improved data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system is desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system, which can avoid using multiplication or Barrel Shift instructions, thereby saving processor resources, simplifying codes and increasing decoding efficiency.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system. The voice decoding system includes a non-volatile memory having plural 2N-bit words for storing plural encoded voice data, plural step sizes and a table. Each encoded voice data has N bits, wherein odd voice data O[N−1:0] and even voice data E[N−1:0] are interlaced to form a 2N-bit data ‘EN−1ON−1 . . . E0O0’ for being stored in a word of the non-volatile memory. The step sizes S[N−1:0] are arranged in every other bit to form a 2N-bit data ‘SN−10 . . . S00’ for being stored in a word of the non-volatile memory. The table stores decoded differential voice data. The method comprises the steps of: (A) reading a word of encoded voice data from the non-volatile memory; (B) performing logic operation on the encoded voice data in order to obtain an index; (C) fetching corresponding decoded differential voice data in the table in accordance with the index; and (D) adding the decoded differential voice data to the encoded voice data in order to obtain an original voice data.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system. The system includes a non-volatile memory having plural 2N-bit words to store plural encoded voice data, plural step sizes and a table. Each encoded voice data has N bits, wherein odd and even voice data O[N−1:0] and E[N−1:0] perform logic operation respectively on step sizes offline for being stored in a word X2N−1X2N−2 . . . X1X0 of the non-volatile memory, where X2i=Oi⊕Si, X2i+1=Ei⊕Si, and 0≦i≦N−1. Each of the step sizes S[N−1:0] is arranged by repeating bits to form a 2N-bit data ‘SN−1SN−1 . . . S0 S0’ for being stored in a word of the non-volatile memory. The table stores decoded differential voice data. The method includes the steps of: (A) reading a word of encoded voice data from the non-volatile memory; (B) performing logic operation on the encoded voice data in order to obtain an index; (C) fetching corresponding decoded differential voice data in the table in accordance with the index; and (D) adding the decoded differential voice data to the encoded voice data in order to obtain an original voice data.
Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) encoder;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a typical Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) decoder;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a format used to store ADPCM signal;
FIG. 4 shows the decoding codes for the lower four bits c(n−1) of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 shows the decoding codes for the upper four bits c(n) of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of storing an encoded ADPCM signal in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of decoding the lower four bits of an encoded ADPCM signal in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of decoding the upper four bits of an encoded ADPCM signal in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of storing an encoded ADPCM signal in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of decoding the lower four bits of an encoded ADPCM signal in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of decoding the upper four bits of an encoded ADPCM signal in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system in accordance with the invention. The voice decoding memory system includes a non-volatile memory. As shown in FIG. 7, the non-volatile memory has plural 2N-bit words 700 to store plural encoded voice data 701, plural step sizes 702 and a table 703. For illustrative purpose, the word 700 has a length of 8 bits (N=4). Namely, each word 700 is defined as a byte 700. The encoded voice data 701 is read sequentially by a processor 800 for decoding.
The length of each encoded voice data 701 is a nibble. Namely, each voice data 701 has N=4 bits. A byte 700 has odd and even voice data O[3:0] and E[3:0]. The odd voice data O[3:0] and the even voice data E[3:0] are interlaced to form a byte of E3O3 . . . E0O0, which is stored in a byte 700 of the non-volatile memory. Each step size 702 has four effective bits S[3:0] to be arranged in every other bit as an 8-bit form of S30 . . . S00, which is stored in a byte 700 of the non-volatile memory. The table 703 stores the corresponding decoded differential voice data of encoded voice data 701.
Referring again to FIG. 6, firstly, the processor 800 reads a word (i.e., a byte) of voice data E3O3 . . . E0O0 from the non-volatile memory (step S601). In step 602, the processor 800 performs a logic operation respectively on odd and even parts of the voice data read, thereby obtaining an index for the odd part and an index for the even part. As shown in FIG. 8, the logic operation first takes an AND operation of the voice data E3O3 . . . E0O0 and a logic value ‘01 . . . 01b’, thereby obtaining a logic value ‘0O3 . . . 0O’. Next, the logic operation subsequently takes an OR operation of the logic value ‘0O3 . . . 0O0’ and a step size, thereby obtaining a logic value ‘S3O3 . . . S0O0’ as the index for the odd voice data. As shown in FIG. 9, the logic operation also rotation-shifts the voice data right one bit in order to subsequently take an AND operation with the logic value ‘01 . . . 01b’, thereby obtaining a logic value ‘0E3 . . . 0E0’. Next, the logic operation subsequently takes an OR operation of the logic value ‘0E3 . . . 0E0’ and a step size, thereby obtaining a logic value ‘S3E3 . . . S0E0’ as the index for the even voice data.
In step S603, the processor 800 fetches respectively odd and even decoded differential voice data in the table 703 based on the indexes ‘S3O3 . . . S0O0’ and ‘S3E3 . . . S0E0’. In step S604, the processor 800 adds the odd and the even decoded differential voice data respectively to the odd and the even voice data, thereby obtaining respectively original odd and even voice data.
Step S605 determines if there still exists a voice data to be decoded: if yes, the procedure returns to step S601; and otherwise, the procedure is ended.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of storing an encoded ADPCM signal in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. As shown, the embodiment is similar to the previous one except that the odd and the even voice data respectively perform logic operation offline for being stored in 2N-bit word X2N−1X2N−2 . . . X1X0 of the non-volatile memory, where X2i=Oi⊕Si, X2i+1=Ei⊕Si, 0≦i≦N−1. In this embodiment, N=4, X0=O0⊕S0, X1=E0⊕S0, X2=O1⊕S1, X3=E1⊕S1, X4=O2⊕S2, X5=E2⊕S2, X6=O3⊕S3, X7=E3⊕S3, and the effective bits S[3:0] of each step 702 are arranged by repeating bits as an 8-bit form of S3S3 . . . S0S0 for being stored in a byte 700 of the non-volatile memory.
According to the memory allocation in this embodiment, the decoding steps are same as those shown in FIG. 6 except for step S602. As shown in FIG. 11, in step S602, the processor 800 takes an AND operation of voice data X7X6 . . . X1X0 read and the logic 01 . . . 01b in order to obtain a logic value ‘0X6 . . . 0X0’ and further takes an XOR operation of the logic value ‘0X6 . . . 0X0’ and a step size, thereby obtaining a logic value ‘S3O3 . . . S0O0’ as an index for odd voice data. As shown in FIG. 12, the processor 800 also rotation-shifts the voice data right one bit as a logic value ‘X0X7 . . . X2X1’ and takes an AND operation of the logic value ‘X0X7 . . . X2X1’ and a logic value ‘01 . . . 01b’ in order to obtain a logic value ‘0E7 . . . 0E1’ to further take an XOR operation with a step size, thereby obtaining a logic value ‘S3E3 . . . S0E0’ as an index for even voice data.
In view of the foregoing, it is known that the invention applies a special arrangement in a memory to voice data, so that ADPCM decoding can read out the data without the need for multiplication instructions or Barrel Shift instructions. As such, the advantages of requiring fewer processor resources and simpler codes are obtained, thereby further increasing decoding efficiency.
Although the present invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

## Claims

1. A data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system, the system including a non-volatile memory having plural 2N-bit words to store plural encoded voice data, plural step sizes and a table, wherein each encoded voice data has N bits representative of an odd voice data or an even voice data, the odd voice data O[N−1:0] and the even voice data E[N−1:0] are interlaced to form a 2N-bit data ‘EN−1ON−1. . . E0O0’ for being stored in a word of the non-volatile memory, the step sizes S[N−1:0] being arranged in every other bit to form a 2N-bit data ‘SN−10 . . . S00’ for being stored in a word of the non-volatile memory, the table storing decoded differential voice data, the method comprising the steps of:
(A) reading a word of encoded voice data from the non-volatile memory;
(B) performing logic operation on the encoded voice data in order to obtain an index, wherein the logic operation first takes an AND operation of the voice data read and a logic ‘01 . . . 01b’ to thus generate a result and then takes an OR operation of the result and a step size, thereby obtaining an index for odd voice data, or the logic operation shifts the voice data read right one bit in order to subsequently take an AND operation with a logic ‘01 . . . 01’ and further take an OR operation with a step size, thereby obtaining an index for even voice data;
(C) fetching corresponding decoded differential voice data in the table in accordance with the index; and
(D) adding the decoded differential voice data to the encoded voice data in order to obtain an original voice data.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein steps (A) to (D) are repeated until no more voice data is decoded.

3. A data simplifying and merging method for a voice decoding memory system, the system including a non-volatile memory having plural 2N-bit words to store plural encoded voice data, plural step sizes and a table, wherein each encoded voice data has N bits representative of an odd voice data or an even voice data, the odd voice data O[N−1:0] and the even voice data E[N−1:0] are performed logic operation respectively on step sizes offline for being stored in a word X2N−1X2N−2 . . . X1X0 of the non-volatile memory, where X2i=Oi⊕Si, X2i +1=Ei⊕Si, and 0≦i≦N−1, each of the step sizes S[N−1:0] being arranged by repeating bits to form a 2N-bit data ‘SN−1SN−1 . . . S0S0’ for being stored in a word of the non-volatile memory, the table storing decoded differential voice data, the method comprising the steps of:
(A) reading a word of encoded voice data from the non-volatile memory;
(B) performing logic operation on the encoded voice data in order to obtain an index, wherein the logic operation first takes an AND operation of the voice data read and a logic ‘01 . . . 01’ to generate a result and then takes an XOR operation of the result and a step size, thereby obtaining an index for odd voice data, or the logic operation shifts the voice data read right one bit in order to subsequently take an AND operation with a logic ‘01 . . . 01’ and further takes an XOR operation with a step size, thereby obtaining an index for even voice data;
(C) fetching corresponding decoded differential voice data in the table in accordance with the index; and
(D) adding the decoded differential voice data to the encoded voice data in order to obtain an original voice data.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein steps (A) to (D) are repeated until no more voice data is decoded.