Lichomolgid Copepods (Cyclopoida

Associated with Fungiid Corals

(Scleractinia) in the Moluccas

ARTHUR G. HUMES

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 253
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 253

Lichomolgid Copepods (Cyclopoida)

Associated with Fungiid Corals

(Scleractinia) in the Moluccas

Arthur G. Humes

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1978
ABSTRAC T

Humes, Arthur G. Lichomolgid Copepods (Cyclopoida) Associated with Fungiid

Corals (Scleractinia) in the Moluccas. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

number 253, 48 pages, 30 figures, 1 table, 1978.—Eleven cyclopoid copepods (Lichomolgidae), 10 of them new, are reported from eight fungiid corals belonging to five

genera in the Moluccas: Paramarda aculeata, new genus, new species, from Halomitra philippinensis and Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis; Anchirnolgus notatus,

new species, from Fungia actiniformis and Fungia paumotuensis; Anchimolgus

latens, new species, from Fungia echinata, Fungia fungites, Fungia paumotuensis,

and Herpolitha Umax; Anchimolgus pandus, new species, from Fungia echinata,

Fungia paumotuensis, Fungia actiniformis, and Polyphyllia talpina; Anchimolgus

punctilis, new species, from Fungia paumotuensis and Fungia fungites; Anchimolgus orectus, new species, from Fungia paumotuensis; Anchimolgus convexus,

new species, from Parahalomilra robusta; Anchimolgus tener Humes, 1973, from

Parahomitra robusta and Fungia echinata; Odontomolgus decens, new species,

from Fungia actiniformis; Odontomolgus fultus, new species, from Halomitra

philippinensis; and Mycoxynus fungianus, new species from Fungia echinata.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution^ annual report, Smithsonian Year. SKRIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea

cavernosa {Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Humes, Arthur Grover, 1916-

Lichomolgid copepods (Cyclopoida) associated with fungiid corals (Scleractinia) in the Moluccas.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 253)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Doc. no.: SI 1.27:253

1. Lichomolgidae. 2. Fungiidae. 3. Cructacea—Indonesia—Moluccas. 4: Corals—Indonesia—

Moluccas. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 253.

QL1.S54 no. 253 [QL377.C7] :>91'.08s [595'.34] 77-608156
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

LICHOMOLGIDAE Kossmann, 1877 2

Anchimolgus Humes and Stock, 1972 2

Anchimolgus notatus, new species 2

Anchimolgus latens, new species 6

Anchimolgus pandus, new species 11

Anchimolgus punctilis, new species 15

Anchimolgus orectus, new species 19

Anchimolgus convexus, new species 22

Key to the Species of the Genus Anchimolgus 26

Mycoxynus Humes, 1973 27

Mycoxynus fungianus, new species 27

Odontomolgus Humes and Stock, 1972 31

Odontomolgus decens, new species 31

Odontomolgus jultus, new species 36

Key to the Species of the Genus Odontomolgus 40

Paramarda, new genus 40

Paramarda aculeata, new species 41

Host Specificity of Copepods Associated with Moluccan Fungiid Corals .. 47

List of Fungiid Corals and Their Associated Copepods 47

Literature Cited 48

Lichomolgid Copepods (Cyclopoida)

Associated with Fungiid Corals

(Scleractinia) in the Moluccas

Arthur G. Humes

Introduction

Lichomolgid copepods from fungiid corals were

first reported from New Caledonia (Humes, 1973),

where three species were found: Anchimolgus tener

Humes, 1973, from Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata

(Pallas), Odontomolgus scitulus Humes, 1973, from

Fungia (Fungia) fungites (Linnaeus), and Mycoxynus longicauda Humes, 1973, from Parahalomitra

irregularis (Gardiner).

During field work in the Moluccas in April and

May of 1975, 11 species of Lichomolgidae were recovered from eight species of Fungiidae. These

copepods comprise one new genus, 10 new species,

and one new host record, and are listed as follows:

Anchimolgus notatus, new species

from Fungia (Heliofungia) actiniformis (Quoy and Gaimard) and Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis Stutchbury

Anchimolgus latens, new species

from Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata (Pallas), Fungia (Fungia)

fungites Linnaeus), Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis, and

Herpolitha Umax (Esper)

Anchimolgus pandus, new species

from Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata, Fungia (Pleuractis)

paumotuensis, Fungia (Heliofungia) actiniformis, and Polyphyllia talpina (Lamarck)

Anchimolgus punctilis, new species

from Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis and Fungia (Fungia)

fungites

Anchimolgus orectus, new species

from Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis

Anchimolgus convexus, new species

from Parahalomitra robusta (Quelch)

Arthur G. Humes, Boston University Marine Program, Marine

Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 025-43.

Anchimolgus tener Humes, 1973

from Parahalomitra robusta and Fungia (Ctenactis)

echinata

Mycoxynus fungianus, new species

from Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata

Odontomolgus decens, new species

from Fungia (Heliofungia) actiniformis

Odontomolgus fultus, new species

from Halomitra philippinensis Studer

Paramarda aculeata, new genus, new species

from Halomitra philippinensis and Fungia (Pleuactis)

paumotuensis

The copepods were collected by the author during the Alpha Helix East Asian Bioluminescence

Expedition, which was supported by the National

Science Foundation under grants OFS 74 01830

and OFS 74 02888 to the Scripps Institution of

Oceanography and grant BMS 74 23242 to the

University of California, Santa Barbara. The study

of the copepods was aided by NSF grant BMS

74 17652.

The corals were isolated in plastic bags or pails

of seawater immediately after collection in the field.

Upon return to the ship the corals were placed in

a cold room, where they remained for varying

lengths of time until they could be examined. After

removal from the cold room a small amount of 95

percent ethyl alcohol was added to each container

sufficient to make about a 5 percent solution. The

corals were allowed to remain in this for an hour

or longer. Then they were vigorously and thoroughly washed by agitation. The water was then

passed through a fine net (120 holes per inch) and
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

the copepods were picked from the sediment

retained.

I thank Dr. John W. Wells, Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, for the identifications of the corals.

All figures have been drawn with the aid of a

camera lucida. The letter after the explanation of

each figure refers to the scale at which it was drawn.

The abbreviations used are: Ax = first antenna,

A, = second antenna, L = labrum, P = paragnath,

MXPD = maxilliped, and P, = leg 1.

The measurements were made on specimens in

lactic acid and are expressed in micrometers (microns) unless otherwise stated. The body length

does not include the setae on the caudal rami. The

lengths of the first antennal segments were measured along their posterior nonsetiferous margins.

Specimens that are deposited in the National

Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C., are listed under the

catalog numbers of the former United States National Museum (USNM).

LICHOMOLGIDAE Kossmann, 1877

Anchimolgus Humes and Stock, 1972

Anchimolgus notatus, new species

FIGURES 1-3

TYPE MATERIAL.—149 $9 , 354 rfd1. and 315

copepodids from two fungiid corals, Fungia (Heliofungia) actiniformis (Quoy and Gaimard), in 2 m,

southern end of Poelau Naira, Banda Islands,

4

O

31'45"S, 129°53'35"E, 2 May 1975. Holotype 9,

allotype, and 495 paratypes (145 $ 9 , 350 cT cf) deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.;

the remaining paratypes (dissected) and the copepodids in the collection of the author.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—From Fungia actiniformis:

27 $ 9,31 cf cf, and 3 copepodids from 8 hosts, in

3 m, Natsepa, Ambon, 3°37'O5"S, 128°17'00"E, 24

April 1975.

From Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis Stutchbury: 4 $ $ , 12 cf cf from 2 hosts, in 2 m, Poelau

Naira, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S, 129°53'35"E, 2

May 1975.

FF.M\I.E.—Body (Figure la) with moderately

broad and flattened prosome. Length 1.40 mm

(1.36-1.43 mm) and greatest width 0.66 mm (0.61-

0.68 mm), based on 10 specimens. Epimera of segments of legs 1-3 pointed posteriorly but those of

segment of leg 4 rounded. Ratio of length to width

of prosome 1.46 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to

that of urosome 2.13 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure Ib) 78 X 224. Genital

segment in dorsal view 198 long, 185 wide in its

slightly expanded anterior three-fourths where the

sides are nearly parallel, and 127 wide in its posterior fourth. Genital areas situated dorsolaterally

near middle of segment. Each area (Figure \c) with

two small naked setae 9 long and a minute spiniform process. Three postgenital segments from anterior to posterior 60 X 112, 47 X 104, and 47 X

101. Posteroventral margin of anal segment with

row of minute spinules on both sides.

Caudal ramus (Figure Id) short, 73 X 48, with

ratio of 1.5 : 1. Outer lateral seta 91, dorsal seta

90, outermost terminal seta 213, innermost terminal seta 247, and two median terminal setae 352

(outer) and 396 (inner), both somewhat swollen

and inserted between smooth dorsal flange and

ventral flange with minute marginal spinules. Dorsal seta sparsely haired, but remaining setae with

many long hairs.

Body surface with a few small hairs (sensilla) as

in Figure la.

Egg sac (Figure la) 462 X 231, containing approximately 25 eggs about 91 in average diameter.

Rostrum (Figure \e) broadly rounded. First antenna (Figure 1/) 609 long. Lengths of seven segments 36 (91 along anterior margin), 156, 39, 153,

86, 60, and 24 respectively. Formula: 4, 13, 6, 3,

4 + 1 aesthete, 2 + 1 aesthete, and 7+ 1 aesthete.

Long seta on distal anterior corner of second segment swollen proximally (Figure lg). All setae

naked except four on last segment, which are

lightly feathered.

Second antenna (Figure \h) 423 long. First and

second segments with minute inner seta. Third segment with three small inner distal setae. Fourth

segment 81 along outer edge, 49 along inner edge,

and 23 wide. Claw 58 along axis. A minute setule

near insertion of claw.

Labrum (Figure \i) with two broad posteroventral lobes. Mandible (Figure 2a) having on convex

side two digitiform processes followed by serrated

fringe and bearing on concave side two lobes with
NUMBER 253

FIGURE 1.—Anchtmolgus notatus, new species, female: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (G);

c, genital area, dorsal (C); d, caudal ramus, dorsal (F); e, rostrum, ventral (B); /, first antenna,

with three round dots indicating positions of aesthetes added in male, dorsal (G); g, seta with

swollen base on segment 2 of lirst antenna, dorsal (D); h, second antenna, antero-inncr (E);

i, labrum, with paragnaths indicated by broken lines, ventral (F).
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

long spinules; lash moderately short with spinules.

Paragnath (Figure 1/) a small lobe with hairs. First

maxilla (Figure 2b) with four setae. Second maxilla

(Figure 2c) with a few hairs on distal outer posterior surface of first segment; second segment with

inner seta bearing spinules on both sides. Maxilliped (Figure 2d) with second segment having two

small naked setae; small third segment with two

setae and terminating in sharply pointed process.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs (Figure 2e) not protuberant.

Legs 1-4 (Figure 2f-i) with 3-segmented rami except for endopod of leg 4, which is 2-segmented.

Formula for armature (Roman numerals indicating

spines, Arabic numerals representing setae):

Pi coxa 0-1 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-1; 111,1,4

enp 0-1; 0-1; 1,5

P2 coxa 0-1 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-1; III, I, 5

enp 0-1; 0-2; 1,11,3

P, coxa 0-1 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-1; III, I, 5

enp 0-1; 0-2; 1,11,2

P4 coxa 0-1 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-1; 11,1,5

enp 0-1; II

Coxa of leg 1 with rounded lobe on outer posterior surface. Third segment of endopod of legs 2

and 3 with outer spine nearly twice length of two

terminal spines. Leg 4 with inner coxal seta small,

7.5, and naked. Exopod 175. First segment of endopod 17.5 X 14, with distal inner feathered seta 78.

Second segment 78 X 12, with two terminal fringed

spines 19 (outer) and 42 (inner). Both endopod

segments haired along outer margins.

Leg 5 (Figure 2k) with long slender free segment

having slight inner proximal expansion and slight

notch on outer margin; length 167, width at expansion 29, and width distally 21. Two terminal naked

setae 65 and 57. Segment ornamented with small

spines along outer surface. Dorsal seta naked and

101. A few spinules on corner of body segment. In

one female leg 5 shorter and wider, 130 X 31 (Figure 2;).

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure \c).

Living specimens in transmitted light opaque,

eye red, egg sacs gray.

MALE.—Body (Figure 3«) a little more slender

than that of female. Length 1.26 mm (1.19-1.37

mm) and greatest width 0.49 mm (0.45-0.55 mm),

based on 10 specimens. Ratio of length to width

of prosome 1.48 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to

that of urosome 1.40 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 3b) 55 X 164. Genital

segment slightly longer than wide, 286 X 253

(length including leg 6). Four postgenital segments

from anterior to posterior 42 X 86, 42 X 91, 34 X

94, and 47 X 94.

Caudal ramus similar to that of female, but

smaller, 57 X 44, with ratio of 1.30 : 1.

Rostrum like that of female. First antenna resembling that of female, but three long aesthetes

added (at points indicated by round dots in Figure

1/). Formula: 4, 13 + 2 aesthetes, 6, 3 + 1 aesthete,

4 + 1 aesthete, 2 + 1 aesthete, and 7+ 1 aesthete.

Second antenna (Figure 3c) differing from that

of female in having small spines on inner surfaces

of segments 1-3.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla like those of female. Maxilliped

(Figure 3d, e) with first segment having distinct

knoblike process on outer surface. Second segment

with two naked setae (one of them swollen proximally as in Figure 3/) and a row of spines. Small

third segment unarmed. Claw 300 along axis (including large terminal lamella), divided in midregion, and having two unequal proximal setae,

longer seta distally bent with small spinules along

one side.

Ventral area between maxillipedis and first pair

of legs similar to that in female.

Leg 1 with endopod formula 0-1; 0—1; II, 4

(Figure 3g), but otherwise as in female. Legs 2-4

like those of female.

Leg 5 (Figure 3h) with free segment 73 X 12.5,

shorter than in female and without marginal notch.

Two terminal setae 15 (inner) and 44 (outer.)

Leg 6 (Figure 3?) a posteroventral flap on genital

segment bearing two naked setae about 47.

Spermatophore not observed.

Living specimens with color similar to that of

female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name notatus (Latin,

= marked or distinguished) alludes to the various

small but distinctive features of this species.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF Anchimolgus.—Until now three species of Anchimolgus have

been known, all from scleractinian corals. These

species are: Anchimolgus digitatus (Humes and Ho,

1968) from Goniopora in Madagascar, Anchimolgus

prolixipes (Humes and Ho, 1968) from Porites in
NUMBER 253

FIGURE 2.—Anchimolgus notatus, new species, female: a, mandible, posterior (C); b, lirst maxilla, ventral (F); c, second maxilla, posterior (F); d, maxilliped, antero-inner (F); e, area between maxillipcds and first pair of legs, ventral (G); /, leg 1 and intercoxal plate, anterior

(E); g, leg 2, anterior (E); h, third segment of endopod of leg 3, anterior (E); i, leg 4 and

and intercoxal plate, anterior (E); ;, leg 5, ventral (D); k, leg 5, dorsal (D).
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FICURE 3.—Anchimolgus notatus, new species, male: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (G);

c, second antenna, antero-inner (E); d, maxilliped, inner (E); e, maxilliped, outer (E); /, modified seta on second segment of maxilliped, inner (C); g, endopod of leg 1, anterior (E); h, leg 5,

dorsal (D); i, leg 6, ventral (E).

Madagascar, and Anchimolgus tener Humes, 1973,

from Fungia in New Caledonia.

Anchimolgus notatus may be distinguished from

all three known species by the relative lengths of

the three spines on the third endopod segment of

legs 2 and 3. In the new species the outer spine is

nearly twice the length of the two terminal spines,

a condition not seen in the three previously described forms. Furthermore, in the new species the

caudal ramus is shorter (female 1.5 : 1, male 1.3 : 1)

than in any of the three previously known species

(where the ratio in the female is at least 2.65 : 1

or longer and in the male 2.0 : 1 or longer).

Anchimolgus lot ens, new species

FIGURES 4-6

TYP E M VTERIAL. — 9 99 , 11 cf o* fro m on e

Fungia (Ctcnactis) echinata (Pallas), in 3 m, southwestern side of Goenoeng Api, Banda Islands,

4°31'45"S, 129°51'55"E, 25 May 1975. Holotype 9,
NUMBER 253

allotype, and 15 paratypes (7 9 9, 9 cf $) deposited in the National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; the remaining paratypes (dissected) in the collection of

the author.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—From Fungia echinata: 1 9 ,

1 cf from one host, in 5 m, Poelau Gomumu, south

of Obi, Moluccas, l°50'00"S, 127°30'54"E, 30 May

1975.

From Fungia (Fungia) fungites (Linnaeus):

13 9 9 , 43 cf c? from 11 hosts, in 3 m, Natsepa,

Ambon, 3°37'05"S, 128°17'00"E, 24 April 1975.

From Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis Stutchbury: 1 9 , 3 cf c? from 2 hosts, in 2 m, Poelau

Naira, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S, 129°53'35"E, 2

May 1975.

From Herpolitha Umax (Esper): 13 9 9, 43 <$ cf

from one host, in 2 m, Poelau Naira, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S, 129°53'35"E, 8 May 1975.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 4a) with prosome slender

and moderately thickened dorsoventrally. Length

1.52 mm (1.43-1.68 mm) and greatest width 0.49

mm (0.45-0.55 mm), based on 9 specimens. Epimera

of segment of leg 1 inconspicuous, those of segment

of leg 2 pointed posteriorly, those of segment of

leg 3 truncated, and those of small segment of leg

4 rounded. Ratio of length to width of prosome

1.85 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1.57 :1 .

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 46) 91 X 228. Genital

segment 260 long, 194 in greatest width, and 118

in least width. Anterior two-thirds of segment expanded with slightly undulating margins in dorsal

view. Genital areas located dorsolaterally just in

front of middle of segment. Each area (Figure 4c)

with two small naked setae about 20 and a small

spiniform process. Postgenital segments from anterior 101 X 101, 81 X 91, and 86 X 95. Posteroventral margin of anal segment with row of minute

spinules on both sides.

Caudal ramus (Figure Ad) elongated, 135 X 45,

with ratio of 3:1. Outer lateral seta 125, dorsal

seta 65, outermost terminal seta 154, innermost terminal seta 200, and two long median terminal setae

231 (outer) and 308 (inner), both inserted between

smooth dorsal flange and ventral flange with minute marginal spinules. All setae with long dense

lateral hairs except dorsal seta, which is naked.

Body surface with a few hairs (sensilla) as in

Figure 4a.

Egg sac (Figure Ae) oval, variable in length, approximately 385-460 X 200, containing 12-13 irregular eggs with diameter 104-117.

Rostrum (Figure 4/) in ventral view with weakly

denned posteroventral edge; in lateral view (Figure

4g) projecting triangularly. First antenna (Figure

Ah) 465 long. Lengths of seven segments: 29 (63

along anterior margin), 138, 33, 99, 68, 45, and 19

respectively. Setation as in Anchimolgus notatus.

Longest seta on first segment noticeably stouter

than other antennal setae. All setae naked.

Second antenna (Figure Ai) 385 long. Formula for

armature as in A. notatus, but minute setae on

first two segments hyaline and obscure. Second segment with small slender spinules on inner surface.

Fourth segment 63 along outer side, 45 along inner

side, and 13 wide. Claw 36 along axis.

Labrum (Figure 4/) with two broad posteroventral lobes. Mandible (Figure Ak) and paragnath

(Figure Aj) resembling those of A. notatus. First

maxilla (Figure 4/) with four setae. Second maxilla

(Figure 5a) similar to that of A. notatus, but spinules on inner seta on second segment much longer

on inner side than on outer side. First spine on

lash stouter and less pointed than succeeding

spines. First segment lacking fine ornamentation.

Maxilliped (Figure 56) much like that of A. notatus, but pointed tip with a few spinules on both

sides.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs as in A. notatus.

Legs 1-4 (Figure 5c-f) segmented and armed as

in A. notatus. Third segment of endopod of legs 2

and 3 with outer spine shorter than inner terminal

spine. Leg 4 with small naked coxal seta 15 long.

Exopod 213. First segment of endopod 44 long including spiniform processes (39 without these processes) and 34 wide, its inner distal plumose seta 78.

Second segment 68 with spiniform processes (65

without processes) and 24 in greatest width (18 in

least width); two terminal fringed spines 39 (outer)

and 70 (inner). Outer margin of both segments with

hairs.

Leg 5 (Figure 5g) with long free segment 135,

its greatest width at slight inner proximal expansion 34, its least width distally 26. Two terminal

naked setae 81 and 60. Segment ornamented with

small spines along outer surface. Dorsal seta 80

and naked.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 4.—Anchimolgus latens, new species, female: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (B); c,

genital area, dorsal (D); d, caudal ramus. dorsal (D); e, egg sac, dorsal (B); /, rostrum, ventral

(G); g, rostrum, lateral (G): h, first antenna with three round dots indicating positions of

aesthetes added in male, dorsal (E); i, second antenna, antero-inner (E); /, labrum, with paragnaths indicated by broken lines, ventral (F); k, mandible, posterior (C); I, first maxilla,

anterior (C).
NUMBER 253

FIGURE 5.—Anchimolgus latens, new species, female: a, second maxilla, posterior (F): b, maxilliped, inner (F); c, leg 1 and intercoxal plate, anterior (E); d, endopod of leg 2, anterior

(E); e, third segment of endopod of leg 3, anterior (E); /, leg 4 and intercoxal plate, anterior

(E); g, leg 5, dorsal (D).

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure 4c).

Living specimens in transmitted light colored as

in A. notatus.

MALE.—Body (Figure 6a) with prosome a little

less slender than in female. Length 1.28 mm (1.22—

1.35 mm) and greatest width 0.39 mm (0.37-0.41

mm), based on 10 specimens. Ratio of length to

width of prosome 1.57 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1.08 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 66) 52 X 138. Genital

segment 286 X 221, longer than wide. Four postgenital segments from anterior to posterior 49 X 73,

49 X 70, 36 X 68, and 52 X 73.

Caudal ramus resembling that of female but

smaller, 94 X 39, with ratio of 2.41 : 1.

Rostrum as in female. First antenna similar to

that of female, but three long aesthetes added as in

A. notatus (at points indicated by round dots in

Figure Ah). Formula as in male of A. notatus.
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 6.—Anchimolgus latens, new species, male: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (B); c,

second antenna, postero-outer (D); d, maxilliped, inner (E); e, endopod of leg 1, anterior (E);

/, leg 5, dorsal (F); g, leg 6, ventral (E).

Second antenna (Figure 6c) resembling that of

female but inner surfaces of second and third segments with small spines.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla like those of female. Maxilliped

(Figure 6d) with first segment unarmed. Second

segment with two slender naked setae and row of

spines. Small third segment unarmed. Claw 265

along axis (including terminal lamella) and bearing two unequal proximal setae, longer seta jointed

and finely barbed distally along one side.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs similar to that in female.

Leg 1 with endopod formula 0-1; 0-1; II, 4

(Figure 6e) but in other respects like that of female.

Legs 2-4 like those of female.

Leg 5 (Figure 6/) with free segment 42 X 13,

without proximal inner expansion. Two terminal

setae 20 (inner) and 38 (outer).

Leg 6 (Figure 6g) a posteroventral flap on genital

segment bearing two naked setae about 31.

Spermatophore not observed.

Living specimens colored as in female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name latens (Latin, =

hidden or sheltered) refers to the concealment of

the copepods on the host.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF Anchimolgus.—The shape of the genital segment in the female distinguishes Anchimolgus latens from all

other species in the genus. The slightly enlarged

seta on the first segment of the first antenna may

be used as a recognition character in separating the

new species from all but Anchimolgus tener Humes,

1973. This character, however, requires a keen eye

and a certain amount of practice before it can be

used successfully. The new species can best be separated from other species in the genus by use of the

key provided below.
NUMBER 253 11

Anchimolgus latens is anatomically similar to A.

notatus in certain respects, but differs in details

such as the length of the caudal ramus, the slender

third and fourth segments of the second antenna,

the relative lengths of the spines on the third segment of the endopod of legs 2 and 3, the lengths of

the terminal spines on the endopod of leg 4, and

the nature of leg 5 in the female.

Anchimolgus pandus, new species

FIGURES 7-9

TYPE MATERIAL.—6 $ $ , 4 rf tf from one Fungia

(Ctenactis) echinata (Pallas), in 3 m, southwestern

side of Goenoeng Api, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S,

129°51'55"E, 25 May 1975. Holotype 5, allotype,

and 6 paratypes (4 $ $ , 2 cf cf) deposited in the

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C.; the remaining paratypes (dissected) in the collection of the author.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—From Fungia echinata: 2 $ 9

from one host, in 5 m, Poelau Gomumu, south of

Obi, Moluccas, l°50'00"S, 127°30'54"E, 30 May

1975.

From Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis Stutchbury: 1 $ from two hosts, in 2 m, Poelau Naira,

Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S, 129°53'35"E, 2 May 1975.

From Fungia (Heliofungia) actiniformis (Quoy

and Gaimard): 1 o* from eight hosts, in 3 m, Natsepa, Ambon, 3°37'05"S, 128°17'00"E, 24 April

1975.

From Polyphyllia talpina (Lamarck): 2 cf d1 from

one host, in 10 m, southern shore of Goenoeng Api,

Banda Islands, 4°32'05"S, 129°51'30"E, 26 April

1975.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure la) with flattened and

moderately broad prosome. Length 1.27 mm (1.23-

1.31 mm) and greatest width 0.55 mm (0.53-0.57

mm), based on 6 specimens. Ratio of length to

width of prosome 1.39 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1.57 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 76) 78 X 198. Genital

segment 180 X 180, in dorsal view moderately

broadened in anterior two-thirds with irregular

margins. Genital areas located dorsolaterally just

posterior to middle of segment. Each area (Figure

7c) with two naked setae 11 and 22 and a small

spiniform process. Postgenital segments from anterior to posterior 65 X 91, 55 X 86, and 91 X 99.

Posteroventral margin of anal segment with row

of small spinules on both sides.

Caudal ramus (Figure Id) 101 X 48, approximately two times longer than wide. Outer lateral

seta 240, dorsal seta 65, outermost terminal seta

154, innermost terminal seta 264, and two long

median terminal setae 418 (outer) and 440 (inner),

both inserted between small, smooth dorsal flange

and ventral flange with minute marginal spinules.

All setae with lateral hairs except naked dorsal

seta.

Body surface with sparse hairs (sensilla) as in

Figure la.

Egg sac (Figure le) elongated, 500 X 108, containing about 12 eggs 96-125 in diameter.

Rostrum (Figure If) with incomplete dorsoventral edge. First antenna (Figure Ig) 549 long.

Lengths of seven segments: 47 (86 along anterior

margin), 170, 40, 114, 63, 50, and 26 respectively.

Setation as in Anchimolgus notatus. All setae

naked.

Second antenna (Figure Ih) 265 long. Formula

as in A. notatus, but setae on first two segments

minute and often difficult to see. Fourth segment

short, 41 along outer side, 22 along inner side, and

18 wide. Claw (Figure li) 44 along axis, with distinctly bent tip.

Labrum (Figure If) with two broad posteroventral lobes. Mandible (Figure 8a) and paragnath

(Figure 7;) and first maxilla resembling those of

Anchimolgus latens. Second maxilla (Figure Sb)

with inner seta on second segment having spinules

on both sides about equal in length. Proximalmost

spine on lash stouter than succeeding spine. Maxilliped (Figure 8c) resembling in general that of

A. notatus.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs (Figure 8d) resembling that of A. notatus

and A. latens.

Legs 1-4 (Figure &e-h) segmented and armed as

in A. notatus. Coxa of leg 1 with rounded lobe on

outer posterior surface. Exopod of leg 1 with proximal outer spine on third segment noticeably longer

(39) than two adjacent spines (33 and 32). In legs

2 and 3 these spines nearly equal in length. Leg

4 with small naked coxal seta 10. Exopod 180. First

segment of endopod 31 long including spiniform

processes (29 without those processes) and 23 wide,

inner distal plumose seta 65. Second segment 65

with spiniform processes (61 without processes) and
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 7.—Anchimolgus pandits, new species, female: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (G);

c, genital area, dorsal (F); d, caudal ramus, dorsal (D); e, egg sac, ventral (B): /, rostrum,

ventral (G); g, first antenna, with three round dots indicating positions of aesthetes added in

male, dorsal (E); h, second antenna, antero-inner (D); /, claw of second antenna, antero-inner

(H); /, labrum, with paragnaths indicated by broken lines, ventral (F).
NUMBER 253 13

FIGURE 8.—Anchimolgus pandus, new species, female: a, mandible, posterior (C); b, second maxilla, anterior (C); c, maxilliped, inner (F); d, area between maxillipeds and first pair of legs,

ventral (G); e, leg 1 and intercoxal plate, anterior {E); /, leg 2, anterior (E): g, third segment

of endopod of leg 3, anterior (E); h, leg 4 and intercoxal plate, anterior (E); i, leg 5, anterior

(D).
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 9.—Anchimolgus paiidus, new species, male: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (G);

c, second antenna, antero-inner (D); d, maxilliped, inner (E); e, endopod of leg 1, anterior

(E); /, leg 5, dorsal (C); g, leg 6, ventral (E); h, spermatophores, attached to female, ventral

(G).

19 in greatest width (15.5 in least width); two terminal fringed spines 34 (outer) and 65 (inner).

Outer margins of both segments with hairs and

proximal inner margin of second segment with

short spinules.

Leg 5 (Figure Si) with long free segment 107,

its greatest width at proximal inner expansion 32,

its least width distally 17. Two terminal naked

setae 82 and 60. Segment bearing small spines along

outer surface. Dorsal seta 75 and naked.

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure 7c).

Living specimens colored as in A. notatus.

MALE.—Body (Figure 9a) with moderately broad

prosome. Length 1.07 mm (1.05-1.10 mm) and

greatest width 0.41 mm (0.40-0.42 mm), based on

4 specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome

1.41 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1.52: 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 9b) 44 X 135. Genital

segment in dorsal view 229 X 221 (length including

leg 6), approximately as long as wide. Four postgenital segments from anterior to posterior 31 X

72, 39 X 69, 32 X 70, and 60 X 86.

Caudal ramus similar to that of female, but

smaller, 81 X 42, with ratio of 1.93 : 1.

Rostrum like that of female. First antenna similar to that of female, but three long aesthetes added

(at points indicated by round dots in Figure 7g)

as in two previous species.
NUMBER 253 15

Second antenna (Figure 9c) like that of female

but inner surfaces of second and third segments

with small hyaline spines.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla resembling those of female. Maxilliped (Figure 9d) similar in most respects to that

of A. latens. Claw 212 along axis.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs like that of female.

Leg 1 with endopod formula 0-1; 0-1; I, I, 4

(Figure 9e), but otherwise resembling that of female. Legs 2-4 like those in female.

Leg 5 (Figure 9/) with free segment 38 X 10.5,

two terminal elements 26 and 39.

Leg 6 (Figure 9g) a posteroventral flap on genital

segment bearing two naked setae 20 and 25.

Spermatophore (Figure 9h) 200 X 94 not including neck, attached to female in pairs.

Living specimens colored as in A. notatus.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name pandus (Latin,

= bent or crooked) alludes to the bent tip on the

claw of the second antenna.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF Anchimolgus.—The claw of the second antenna in Anchimolgus pandus is unlike that of all other species

in the genus in having a distinctly bent tip. This

feature, observable without dissection, serves as a

good recognition character for the new species.

The greater length of the proximal outer spine

on the third segment of the exopod of leg 1 is also

characteristic of A. pandus. In all other species the

outer spines on the exopod of leg 1 are of nearly

equal length. The formula III, I, 5 on the third

exopod segment of leg 4 is a further distinctive

feature of the new species.

Anchimolgus punctilis, new species

fclGURES 10-12

TYPE MATERIAL.—50 $ $ , 72 c? c? from two

Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis Stutchbury, in 2

m, Poelau Naira, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S, 129°53'

35"E, 2 May 1975. Holotype 9 , allotype, and 124

para types (55 $ $ , 69 cf cf) deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C.; the remaining paratypes (dissected) in the collection of the author.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—From Fungia paumotuensis:

1 cf from one host, in 3 m, Poelau Gomumu, south

of Obi, Moluccas, l°50'00"S, 127°30'45"E, 30 May

1975; 1 $, 3 cf cT from 4 hosts, in 2 m, Poelau

Naira, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S, 129°53'35"E,

8 May 1975.

From Fungia (Fungia) fungiles (Linnaeus):

4 $ 2, 2 (S d from 11 hosts, in 3 m, Natsepa,

Ambon, 3°27'05"S, 128°17'00"E, 24 April 1975.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 10a) resembling that of

Anchimolgus pandus. Length 1.09 mm (1.01-1.22

mm) and greatest width 0.47 mm (0.42-0.57 mm),

based on 10 specimens. Ratio of length to width

of prosome 1.56: 1. Ratio of length of prosome to

that of urosome 1.72 :1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 106) 68 X 164. Genital

segment 156 X 161, in dorsal view broadest in

anterior half. Lateral walls in midregion of segment weakly sclerotized. Genital areas located dorsolaterally near middle of segment. Each area (Figure 10c) with two naked setae about 12 long and a

minute spiniform process. Postgenital segments

from anterior to posterior 42 X 76, 34 X 75, and

65 X 94. Posteroventral edge of anal segment with

row of minute spinules on both sides.

Caudal ramus (Figure lOd) relatively short,

73 X 43, with ratio of 1.70 : 1. Outer lateral seta

156 and dorsal seta 42, both smooth. Outermost

terminal seta 135, innermost terminal seta 203, and

two long median terminal setae 330 (outer) and

352 (inner), both inserted between small, smooth

dorsal flange and ventral flange with very small

marginal spinules. All four terminal setae with

lateral spinules, those on two median setae coarse.

Egg sac not seen.

Rostrum (Figure \0e) with posteroventral border

poorly defined. First antenna (Figure 10/) 394 long

and resembling that of A. pandus, with same setation. Length of seven segments: 36 (68 along anterior margin), 127, 30, 65, 44, 39, and 21 respectively. All setae naked.

Second antenna (Figure lOg) 255 long. Formula

as in previous species, though setae are minute

and sometimes difficult to see. Fourth segment

short, 36 along outer edge, 22 along inner edge,

and 27 wide. Claw (Figure lOh) 45 along axis with

distal third slightly acute.

Labrum (Figure 10/) with two broad posteroventral lobes. Mandible (Figure 10;), paragnath (Figure 10/), first maxilla (Figure 10A), second maxilla

(Figure 10/), maxilliped (Figure lla), and ventral

area between maxillipeds and first pair of legs (Fig-
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 10.—Anchimolgus punctilh, new species, female: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (G);

c, genital area, dorsal (F); d, caudal ramus, dorsal (D); e, rostrum, ventral (E); /, first antenna,

with three round dots indicating positions of aesthetes added in male, dorsal (E); g, second

antenna, antero-inner (D); h, claw of second antenna, anterior (H); i, labrum, with paragnaths

indicated l>\ broken lines, ventral (ft); j , mandible, posterior (C); k, first maxilla, ventral (C);

I, second maxilla, anterior (C).
NUMBER 253 17

FIGURE 11.—Anchimolgus punctilis, new species, female: a, maxilliped, postero-inner (C); 6,

area between maxillipeds and first pair of legs, ventral (E); c, leg 1 and intercoxal plate,

anterior (D); d, leg 2, anterior (D); e, third segment of endopotl of leg 3, anterior (D); /, leg

4 and intercoxal plate, anterior (D); g, leg 5, dorsal (D).
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

a

FIGURE 12.—Anchimolgns punctilis, new species, male: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (G);

c, maxilliped, inner (F); d, endopod of leg 1, anterior (D); e, endopod of leg 4, anterior (D);

/, leg 5, dorsal (C).

ure 116) not differing greatly from those in A.

pandus.

Legs 1-4 (Figure lie-/) segmented and armed

as in previous species. Leg 1 with coxa having

rounded lobe on outer posterior surface. Leg 4 with

inner coxal seta 26 and naked. Exopod 173. First

segment of endopod 26 X 21, its inner distal plumose seta 50. Second segment 55 long, 22 in greatest width, and 17.5 in least width; two terminal

fringed spines 35 (outer) and 53 (inner). Outer

margins of both segments haired.

Leg 5 (Figure llg) with elongated free segment

101, its greatest width at proximal rounded inner

expansion 23 and its least width distally 15. Segment ornamented with minute spines on distal

outer surface. Two terminal setae 99 (with slight

outer fringe) and 62. Dorsal seta 70.

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure 10c).

Living specimens in transmitted light opaque,

eye red.

MALE.—Body (Figure 12a) resembling that of

A. pandus. Length 0.91 mm (0.84-0.96 mm) and

greatest width 0.35 mm (0.31-0.37 mm), based on

10 specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome 1.40: 1. Ratio of length of prosome to that

of urosome 1.22 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 126) 36 X 115. Genital

segment in dorsal view 200 X 200 (length including leg 6). Four postgenital segments from anterior

to posterior 22 X 65, 23 X 65, 21 X 54, and

52 X 81.

Caudal ramus resembling that of female, but

smaller, 60 X 39, with ratio of 1.54 : 1.

Rostrum like that of female. First antenna similar to that of female, but three aesthetes added

(at points indicated by round dots in Figure 10/)

as in previous species. Second antenna resembling

that of female, but a few very small spines on inner

surfaces of second and third segments.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla resembling those of female. Maxilliped (Figure 12c) similar to that of A. pandus, but

with distal inner lobe on first segment, fewer and
NUMBER 253 19

stouter spines on second segment, and small inconspicuous terminal lamella on claw. Claw 151 along

axis.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs like that of female.

Leg 1 with endopod formula 0-1; 0-1; I, I, 4

(Figure 12d) but in other respects resembling that

of female. Legs 2-4 like those of female, except

first segment of endopod of leg 4 having small

outer distal spiniform process (Figure 12e).

Leg 5 (Figure 12/) with free segment 28 X 11,

without visible ornamentation. Two terminal elements 13 and finely barbed and 36 and naked.

Leg 6 much like that of A. latens.

Spermatophore not observed.

Living specimens colored as in female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name punctilis (Latin,

pungere = to prick or sting) plus the suffix -His ( =

having the nature of) alludes to the sharp claw on

the second antenna.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF Anchimolgus.—The short caudal ramus in Anchimolgus

punctilis (less than 2 : 1) distinguishes it from other

species in the genus except A. notatus. The latter,

however, differs from A. punctilis in many respects,

among them the proportions of segments 3 and 4

of the second antenna, the shape of the second

antennal claw, the relative lengths of the three

spines on the third segment of legs 2 and 3, and

the nature of leg 5 in the female.

Other differences and means of separation of

A. punctilis from the various species in the genus

are noted in the key below.

Anchimolgus orectus, new species

FIGURES 13,14

TYPE MATERIAL.—28 $ $ , 65 cf cT from two

Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotuensis Stutchbury, in

2 m, Poelau Naira, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S,

129°53'35"E, 2 May 1975. Holotype $, allotype,

and 88 paratypes (25 $ $ , 63 d cT) deposited in the

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C.; the remaining paratypes (dissected) in the collection of the author.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—From Fungia paumotuensis:

25 $ 9 , 38 ^ tf from four hosts, in 2 m, Poelau

Naira, 4°3r45"S, 129°53'35"E, 2 May 1975.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 13a) with slender prosome. Length 1.28 mm (1.22-1.36 mm) and greatest

width 0.45 mm (0.42-0.47 mm), based on 10 specimens. Epimera of segments of legs 1-4 shaped as

in Anchimolgus latens. Ratio of length to width

of prosome 1.78 : I. Ratio of length of prosome to

that of urosome 1.51 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 136) 73 X 180. Genital

segment elongated, 203 X 143, in dorsal view only

slightly expanded laterally. Genital areas situated

dorsally near middle of segment. Each area with

two small setae and a minute spiniform process as

in Anchimolgus punctilis. Postgenital segments

from anterior to posterior 70 X 83, 55 X 78, and

68 X 86. Posteroventral margin of anal segment

with row of small spinules on both sides.

Caudal ramus (Figure 13c) moderately elongated,

109 X 40, with ratio of 2.73 : I. Outer lateral seta

122, dorsal seta 31, outermost terminal seta 159,

innermost terminal seta 190, and two long median

terminal setae 264 (outer) and 352 (inner), both

inserted between dorsal and ventral flanges with

minute marginal spinules. All setae with lateral

spinules except naked dorsal seta.

Body surface with a few hairs (sensilla) as in

Figure 13a.

Egg sac (Figure 13d) 418 X 209, two times longer

than wide, containing approximately 11 often irregular eggs with diameters ranging from 99-120.

Rostrum (Figure 13e) with weak posteroventral

margin. First antenna 429 long and similar to that

of Anchimolgus punctilis. Lengths of seven segments: 29 (62 along anterior margin), 127, 32, 86,

60, 42, and 20 respectively.

Second antenna (Figure 13/) 352 long and slender. Formula for armature as in previous species.

Fourth segment 38 along outer edge, 27 along inner

edge, and 10 wide. Claw 22 along axis and evenly

recurved.

Labrum as in A. punctilis. Mandible (Figure

\3g) with prominent digitiform processes. Paragnath and first maxilla like those of A. punctilis.

Second maxilla (Figure \3h) and maxilliped (Figure 13/) not greatly different from previous species.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs as in A. punctilis.

Legs 1 and 2 as in A. punctilis. Leg 3 similar to

that of A. punctilis, but three spines on third endopod segment slightly different in their relative

lengths (Figure 13/). Leg 4 (Figure 14a) witli small

inner coxal seta 26 having inconspicuous short
20

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13.—Anchimolgus orectus, new species, female: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (C»);

e, caudal ramus, dorsal (D); <7, egg sac, lateral (B); e, rostrum, ventral (E); /, second antenna,

postcro-outer (I)); g, mandibfe, posterior (C); h, second maxilla, anterior (C); i, maxilliped,

anterior (F); /, third segment of cndopod of leg 3, anterior (D).
NUMBER 253 21

FIGURE 14.—Anchimolgus orecttts, new species, female: a, leg 4 and intercoxal plate, anterior

(D); b, leg 5, dorsal (D). Male: c, dorsal (A); d, urosome, dorsal (G); e, second antenna, postcroouter (D); /, maxilliped, inner (D); g, endopod of leg 1, anterior (D); h, leg 5, dorsal (C).
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

hairs. Exopod 170. First segment of endopod 27

long including spiniform processes (24 without

processes) and 22 wide, its inner distal plumose seta

50. Second segment 50 with spiniform processes

(47 without processes) and 17.5 in greatest width

(13 in least width); two terminal fringed spines 28

(outer) and 60 (inner). Outer margin of both segments haired. Proximal inner margin of second

segment with short spinules.

Leg 5 (Figure 14&) with elongated free segment

102, its greatest width at inner proximal expansion

26, least width distally 13. Two terminal setae 70

and 52. Segment with small spines on outer surface. Dorsal seta 75.

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area.

Living specimens in transmitted light opaque,

eye red.

MALE.—Body (Figure 14c) slender. Length 1.08

mm (1.04-1.11 mm) and greatest width 0.35 mm

(0.34-0.37 mm), based on 10 specimens. Ratio of

length to width of prosome 1.63 : 1. Ratio of length

of prosome to that of urosome 1.32 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 14d) 48 X 126. Genital

segment 240 X 206 (length including leg 6). Four

postgenital segments from anterior to posterior

31 X 65, 36 X 65, 31 X 62, and 42 X 70.

Caudal ramus like that of female, but smaller,

82 X 36, with ratio of 2.78 :1.

Rostrum as in female. First antenna like that of

female, but three long aesthetes added as in previous species.

Second antenna (Figure \4e) similar to that of

female but small spinules added on inner surfaces

of second and third segments.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla like those of female. Maxilliped

(Figure 14/) in general similar to that of previous

species. Claw 216 along axis including terminal

lamella.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs as in female.

Legs 1-4 like those of female except for formula

I, I, 4 on third endopod segment of leg 1 (Figure

Leg 5 (Figure 14/i) with free segment 34 X 10.5.

Two terminal setae 14 and 39. Dorsal seta 68. Segment ornamented with a few minute spines on

outer surface.

Leg 6 resembling that of Anchimolgus lalens.

Spermatophore not seen.

Living specimens colored as in female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name orectus (Greek,

opsKTo^ = stretched out) refers to the elongated

genital segment of the female.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF Anchimolgus.—The slender elongated genital segment of

the female sets Anchimolgus orectus apart from all

other species in the genus. Only in Anchimolgus

latens does the female genital segment approach

this condition. Anchimolgus orectus may be distinguished readily from A. latens by the relative

lengths of the third and fourth second antennal

segments (very unequal, 2.33:1, in the former;

more nearly equal, 1.40: 1, in the latter). Other

means of separating A. orectus from its congeners

are found in the keys to the genus provided below.

Anchimolgus convexus, new species

FIGURES 15-17

TYPE MATERL\L.—18 9 $ , 6 c? cf from one Parahalomitra robusta (Quelch), in 3 m, Karang Mie,

Weda Bay, Halmahera, Moluccas, OO°2O'O7"N,

128°25'00"E, 19 May 1975. Holotype 9, allotype,

and 19 paratypes (15 9 9 , 4tf tf) deposited in the

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C.; the remaining paratypes (dissected) in the collection of the author.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 15a) with slender prosome a little thickened dorsoventrally. Length

0.93 mm (0.88-0.99 mm) and greatest width 0.28

mm (0.26-0.31 mm), based on 10 specimens. Ratio

of length to width of prosome 1.90:1. Ratio of

length of prosome to that of urosome 1.49: 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 156) 47 X 116. Genital

segment in dorsal view elongated, 146 X 128 in

greatest dimensions, expanded in its anterior twothirds with rounded lateral margins. Genital areas

located dorsally near middle of segment. Each area

(Figure 15c) with two small naked setae about 7

long and a minute spiniform process. Postgenital

segments from anterior to posterior 54 X 57,

44 X 51, and 49 X 52. Posteroventral margin of

anal segment with row of minute spinules on both

sides.

Caudal ramus (Figure 15d) elongated, 62 X 26,

with ratio of 2.38 : 1. Outer lateral seta 140, dorsal

seta 120, both naked. Outermost terminal seta 130,

innermost terminnal seta 160, and two long,
NUMBER 253 23

FIGURE 15.—Anchimolgus com>e\us, new species, female: a, dorsal (B); b, inosomc, dorsal (E);

c, genital area, dorsal (C); d, caudal ramus, dorsal (C); e, rostrum, ventral (E); /, rostrum,

lateral (F); g, first antenna, with three round dots indicating positions of aesthetes added in

male, dorsal (D); //, second antenna, antero-inner (O); i, mandible, posterior (C); i, second

maxilla, anterior (D).
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

median terminal setae 247 (outer) and 352 (inner),

both inserted between smooth dorsal flange and

ventral flange with marginal row of small spinules;

all these setae with lateral spinules.

Body surface with only a few hairs (sensilla) as

in Figure 15a.

Egg sac unknown.

Rostrum (Figure 15e) slender with rounded posteroventral tip; in lateral view (Figure 15/) projecting conspicuously. First antenna (Figure 15g) 327

long. Lengths of seven segments: 13 (34 along

anterior margin), 96, 31, 68, 53, 31, and 14 respectively.

Second antenna (Figure \5h) 234 long. Formula

for armature as in previous species. Outer margin

of third segment distinctly convex, with width

here 20. Fourth segment 27 along outer edge, 19

along inner edge, and 10 wide. Claw 20 along its

axis.

Labrum similar to that of Anchimolgus punctilis. Mandible (Figure 15?) differing only slightly

from that of A. punctilis. Paragnath and first maxilla like those of A. punctilis. Second maxilla (Figure 15/) with spines on terminal lash evenly graduated, first spine not different from succeeding

spines. Maxilliped (Figure 16a) resembling in major

respects that in previous species.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs as in A. punctilis.

Legs 1-4 (Figure 16fr-^) differing only slightly

from other species. Outer spine on first exopod

segment of leg 1 a little longer than succeeding

spines. Leg 4 with inner coxal seta 17 and delicately

haired. Exopod 104. First segment of endopod

21 X 13.5, its inner plumose seta 39. Second segment 36.5 with spiniform processes (34 without

processes) and 11 in greatest width; two terminal

fringed spines 37 (outer) and (52 inner). Outer

margin of both segments haired.

Leg 5 (Figure 16/) with elongated free segment

101 long, 16 wide at small proximal inner expansion, 10.5 wide distally. Two terminal setae 48 and

57. Dorsal seta 105. All three setae naked. Free

segment ornamented distally with a few minute

outer spines.

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure 15r).

Living specimens in transmitted light opaque,

eye red.

MALE.—Body (Figure 16g) slender. Length 0.74

mm (0.69-0.76 mm) and greatest width 0.22 mm

(0.21-0.22 mm), based on 6 specimens. Ratio of

length to width of prosome 1.90 : 1. Ratio of length

of prosome to that of urosome 1.42 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 17a) 29 X 83. Genital

segment 180 X 146, length including leg 6. Four

postgenital segments from anterior to posterior

26 X 49, 27 X 45, 23 X 44, and 29 X 47.

Caudal ramus like that of female, but smaller,

39 X 22, with ratio of 1.77 : 1.

Rostrum as in female. First antenna like that of

female, but three long aesthetes added (at points

indicated by round dots in Figure 15g) as in previous species.

Second antenna (Figure Mb) resembling that of

female, but inner surface with small spines and

seta on first segment more prominent than in opposite sex.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla like those of female. Maxilliped

(Figure 17c) generally similar to that of previous

species. Claw 154 along axis including terminal

lamella.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs as in female.

Legs 1-4 like those of female except for formula

I, I, 4 on third endopod segment of leg 1 (Figure

Leg 5 (Figure Me) with free segment 35 X 8,

without inner proximal expansion. Two terminal

setae 18 and 50. Dorsal seta 70. All setae naked.

A few very small spinules on distal outer surface

of free segment.

Leg 6 (Figure 17/) a posteroventral flap on genital segment bearing two naked setae about 25 and

30.

Spermatophore not seen.

Living specimens colored as in female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name convexus (Latin,

= arched outwardly or convex) alludes to the convex outer margin of the third segment of the

second antenna.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF Anchimolgus.—The convex outer margin of the third segment of the second antenna distinguishes Anchimolgus convexus from all other species in the

genus.

The shape of the female genital segment in dorsal view, with its rounded lateral margins in the
NUMBER 253

25

FIGURE 16.—Anchimolgus convextis, new species, female: a, maxilliped, postero-inncr (D): l>,

Peg 1 and intcrcoxal plate, anterior (F); c, leg 2, anterior (F): d, third segment of ciulopod

of leg 3, anterior (F); e, leg 4> and intercoxal plate, anterior (F);/, leg 5, d©«al (F). Male: g,

dorsal (B).
26

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

d

FIGURE 17.—Anchimolgus convexus, new species, male: a, urosome, dorsal (E); b, second

antenna, antero-inner (D); c, maxilliped, inner (D); d, endopod of leg 1, anterior (F); e, leg 5,

dorsal (C); /, leg 6, ventral (D).

anterior two-thirds, separates the new species from

all other species except Anchimolgus prolixipes

(Humes and Ho, 1968). Indeed A. convexus appears

to be closely related to that Madagascan species

from Porites. Anchimolgus prolixipes differs, however, from A. convexus not only in the shape of

the third segment of the second antenna, but also

in its weakly developed rostrum and in the free

segment of leg 5 being longer than the genital

segment.

Key to the Species of the Genus Anchimolgus

FEMALES

1. Third exopod segment of leg 4 with III, I, 5 A. pandus, new species

Third exopod segment of leg 4 with 11,1,3 2

2. Caudal ratnus 6.1 : 1; with longest seta shorter than ramus

A. digitatus (Humes and Ho, 1968)

Caudal ramus less than 3.5: 1. with longest seta much longer than ramus 3

3. Free segment of leg 5 a little longer than genital segment

A. prolixipes (Humes and Ho, 1968)

Free segment of leg "> distinctly shorter than genital segment 4

4. Two terminal spines on third segment of legs 2 and 3 much shorter than outer spine;

outer edge of free segment of leg "> with a small indentation A. notatus, new species

Two terminal spines on third endopod segment of legs 2 and 3 about as long as or longer

than outer spine; outer edge of free segment of leg 5 without an indentation 5

.">. Second antenna 3-segmented, third and fourth segments fused A. tener Humes 1973

Second antenna 4-segmentcd 6

I). Outer edge of third segment of second antenna convex A. convexus, new species

Outer edge of third segment of second antenna nearly parallel with inner edge 7
NUMBER 253 27

Key to the Species of the Genus Anchimolgus (cont'd)

7. Third segment of second antenna about 1.4 times longer (greatest outer edge length) than

fourth segment A. latens, new species

Third segment of second antenna at least 2.3 times longer than fourth segment 8

8. Genital segment about as long as wide; caudal ramus 1.70: 1 A. punctilis, new species

Genital segment much longer than wide (1.42 : 1); caudal ramus 2.72 : 1

A. orectus, new species

MALES

1. Third exopod segment of leg 4 with III, I. 5 A. pandus

Third exopod segment of leg 4 with II, I, 5 2

2. Second antenna 3-segmented, third and fourth segments fused A. tenet

Second antenna 4-segmented 3

3. Caudal ramus 4.3 : 1, with longest seta shorter than ramus A. digitatus

Caudal ramus less than 3:1 , with longest seta much longer than ramus 4

4. Two terminal spines on third endopod segment of legs 2 and 3 much shorter than outer

spine A. notatus

Two terminal spines on third endopod segment of legs 2 and 3 about as long as or longer

than outer spine 5

5. Third and fourth segments of second antenna combined shorter than second segments; small

spines on second segment only 6

Third and fourth segments of second antenna combined longer than second segment; small

spines on second and third segments 7

6. Outer edge of third segment of second antenna convex; claw of maxilliped 154..A. convexus

Outer edge of third segment of second antenna nearly parallel with inner edge, claw of

maxilliped 172 A. prolixipes

7. Third segment of second antenna about 1.4 times longer (greatest outer edge length) than

fourth segment A. latens

Third segment of second antenna at least 2.3 times longer than fourth segment 8

8. Caudal ramus 1.54 : 1; claw of second antenna with distal third slightly acute .. .A. punctilis

Caudal ramus 2.78 : 1; claw of second antenna evenly arced A. orectus

Mycoxynus Humes, 1973

Mycoxynus fungianus, new species

FIGURES 18-20

TYPE MATERIAL.—20 $ 9, 28 tfcf, and 8 copepodids from one Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata

(Pallas), in 3 m, southwestern shore of Goenoeng

Api, Banda Islands, 4°3T45"S, 129°51'55"E, 25

May 1975. Holotype ° , allotype, and 40 paratypes

(16 $ $, 24 cf J1) deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C.; the remaining paratypes (dissected) in the collection of the author.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 18a) elongated and slender, similar to that of Mycoxynus longicauda

Humes, 1973. Length 1.58 mm (1.50-1.75 mm) and

greatest width 0.47 mm (0.44-0.51 mm), based on

10 specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome

2.03 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of

urosome 1.46: 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 186) 176 X 275. Genital segment 169 X 220, wider than long. Genital

areas situated dorsally in anterior half of segment.

Each area (Figure 18c) with two small naked setae

about 10 long. Three postgenital segments from

anterior to posterior 91 X 125, 78 X 107, and

104 X 84. Posteroventral margin of anal segment

smooth.

Caudal ramus (Figure 18rf) greatly elongated,

166 X 14, width taken at middle. Ratio of length

to width 11.9: 1. Outer lateral seta 23. Dorsal seta

25. Outermost terminal seta 21, innermost terminal

seta 23, and two median terminal setae 94 (outer)

and 121 (inner). All setae naked.

Body surface with numerous small refractile

areas and a few small hairs (sensilla).

Egg sac (Figure 18e) moderately elongated, length

638-693, width 253. Two sacs in most preserved

specimens adhering together (in only one female

separate). Each egg about 112 in diameter.

Rostrum (Figure 18/-/i) linguiform in ventral

view and projecting in lateral view. First antenna

(Figure 18/) 285 long and 7-segmented, though separation of segments 2 and 3 distinct only on dorsal

surface. Lengths of segments: 50 (99 along anterior
28

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

m

FIGURE 18.—Mycoxynw fungianus, new species, female: a, dorsal (A); b, urosomc, dorsal (B);

c, genital area, dorsal (D); d, caudal ramus, dorsal (D); e, egg sacs, dorsal (A); /, rostrum, ventral (G); g, rostrum, Hat ventral view (E); h, rostrum, lateral (G); i, first antenna, with three

round dots indicating positions of aesthetes in male, ventral (D); /, second antenna, anterior

(D); k, claw of second antenna, anterior (H); I, labrum and paragnaths, ventral (F); m, mandible, posterior (C); n, first maxilla, posterior (C).
NUMBER 253 29

margin), 88, 16, 29, 26, 16, and 11 respectively.

Armature: 4, 13, 6, 3, 4 + 1 aesthete, 2 + 1 aesthete, and 7 + 1 aesthete. All setae naked.

Second antenna (Figure 18/) 263 long and 3-segmented. First and second segments with single

small inner seta. Third segment lacking setae, 116

along outer edge, 71 along inner edge, and 26 wide.

Terminal claw 40, sharply pointed and sinuous

(Figure 18 k).

Labrum (Figure 18/) with two moderately slender posteroventral lobes. Mandible (Figure l&m),

paragnath (Figure 18/), first maxilla (Figure 18n),

and second maxilla (Figure 19a) resembling those

of Mycoxynus longicauda except for small details.

Maxilliped (Figure 19&) 3-segmented and arched

anteriorly. Second segment broad in flat outer view

(Figure 19c) with two small unequal naked setae

and distal transverse outer row of spinules. Third

FIGURE 19.—Mycoxynus fiuigimius, new species, female: n, second maxilla, anterior (C); b,

maxilliped, inner (C); c, second and third segments of maxilliped. outer (C); d, leg 1 and

intercoxal plate, anterior (F); e, terminal spine on exopod of leg 1. anterior (I): /. abnormal

right endopod of leg 1, anterior (F); g, leg 2 and intercoxal plate, anterior (F); /;, leg 3 and

intercoxal plate, anterior (F); i, leg 4 and intercoxal plate, anterior (F); /, leg 5, lateral (C).
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

segment bluntly pointed distally and bearing a

naked seta. Ventral area between maxillipeds and

first pair of legs similar to that of At. longicauda.

Leg 1 (Figure I9d) with 3-segmented rami. Leg

2 (Figure 19g) with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod. Leg 3 (Figure I9h) and leg 4

(Figure 19;) with 2-segmented exopods but lacking

endopods. Spine and setal formula for legs 1-4

as follows (Roman numerals representing spines,

Arabic numerals setae):

P, coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-0; II, II, 1

enp 0-0; 0-0; I, 2

P. coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-0; II, II, 1

enp 0-0; I, II

Ps coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exp 0-0; II

enp absent

P4 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; II

enp absent

Exopod spine with mucronate tip (Figure

In one female right endopod of leg 1, 2-segmented

(Figure 19/). Endopod of leg 2 showing very slight

indication of division of second segment.

Leg 5 (Figure 19;) with small free segment

15.5 X 18.5. Two terminal setae 33 and 22. Dorsal

setae 45. All setae naked.

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure 18c).

Living specimens in transmitted light gray, intestine pale orange tan, eye red, egg sacs opaque gray.

MALE.—Body (Figure 20a) slender as in female.

Length 1.32 mm (1.28-1.36 mm) and the greatest

width 0.38 mm (0.35-0.40 mm), based on 10 specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome 1.85 : 1.

Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome

1.12: 1.

Segment of leg 5, 78 X 265. Genital segment

(Figure 206) 133 X 250, wider than long. Four postgenital segments from anterior to posterior, 81 X

130, 73 X 101, 62 X 86, and 91 X 70.

Caudal ramus resembling that of female, 152 X

13, ratio 11.8: 1.

a

FIGURE 20.—Mycoxynus fungi units, new species, male: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (B);

r, maxilliped, inner (C); d, right and left endopods of leg 2, anterior (F); e, leg 5, lateral (C);

/, leg 6, ventral (E); g, spermatophores, attached to female, dorsal (B).
NUMBER 253

31

Rostrum like that of female. First antenna similar to that of female, but three aesthetes added as

in male of M. longicauda, so that formula is: 4,

13 + 2 aesthetes, 6, 3 + 1 aesthete, 4 + 1 aesthete,

and 7+ 1 aesthete.

Second antenna, labrum, mandible, paragnath,

first maxilla, and second maxilla like those in

female. Maxilliped (Figure 20c) resembling that of

M. longicauda, but claw a little stouter and 73

along axis.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs as in female.

Legs 1-4 similar to those of female, but second

segment of endopod of leg 2 showing a little

stronger evidence of subdivision and in one specimen 3-segmented (Figure 20d).

Leg 5 (Figure 20e) with free segment 11X9.

Leg 6 (Figure 20/) the usual posteroventral flap

on genital segment, bearing two naked setae 47

and 34.

Spermatophore (Figure 20g) attached to female

in pairs, sausage shaped, about 400 X 120, not

including neck. Surface transversely striated.

Living specimens with color resembling that of

female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name fungianus is a

combination of Fungia and the Latin suffix -anus

(belonging to).

COMPARISON WITH Mycoxynus longicauda.—The

following features of Mycoxynus fungianus distinguish it from M. longicauda, an associate of Parahalomitra irregularis (Gardiner) in New Caledonia:

(1) the shorter body length, $ 1.58 mm, o" 1-32

mm versus 1.80 mm and 1.57 mm; (2) the shorter

caudal ramus, 9 166, tf 152 versus 268 and 208;

(3) legs 1 and 2 with four spines on the third segment of the exopod versus three such spines; (4)

legs 3 and 4 with the ramus 2-segmented versus

3-segmented; and (5) the claw of the female second

antenna 40 versus 20.

Odontomolgus Humes and Stock, 1972

Odontomolgus decens, new species

FIGURES 21-23

TYPE MATERIAL.—55 9 9, 98 $ $, and 131 copepodids from two Fungia (Heliofungia) actiniformis (Quoy and Gaimard), in 2 m, southern

end of Poelau Naira, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S,

129°53'35"E, 2 May 1955. Holotype 9, allotype,

and 144 paratypes (50 9 9, 94 o*cf) deposited in

the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; the remaining paratypes and the copepodids in the collection

of the author.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—From Fungia actiniformis:

14 9 9 , 19 cfcf, and 16 copepodids from eight

hosts, in 3 m, Natsepa, Ambon, 3°37'05"S,

128°17'00"E, 24 April 1975.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 21a, b) slender. Prosome

narrowed anteriorly in dorsal view and thickened

dorsoventrally. Length 1.85 mm (1.77-1.93 mm) and

greatest width 0.59 mm (0.54-0.62 mm), based on

10 specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome 2.03:1. Ratio of length of prosome to that

of urosome 1.85 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 21c) 104 X 297. Genital

segment 248 X 325, broadest in its anterior half

where dorsolaterally it is slightly flattened and

winglike (Figure 2\b,c). Genital areas located dorsally in middle of segment. Each area (Figure 2Id)

with two small naked setae 6.5 and 11. Three postgenital segments from anterior to posterior 91 X

148, 66 X 135, and 95 X 135. Posteroventral margin

of anal segment with row of small spinules on

both sides.

Caudal ramus (Figure 2\e) moderately elongated,

101 X 52, with ratio of 2:1 . Outer lateral seta

(here inserted distally and a little dorsally) 440,

dorsal seta 138, outermost terminal seta 300, and

innermost terminal seta 528, all naked. Two long

median terminal setae 847 (outer) and 880 (inner),

both inserted between smooth dorsal flange and

ventral flange with minute marginal spinules and

both with lateral hairs in their midregions. Small

spinules at insertions of outer lateral seta and outermost terminal seta. Sensilla on distal dorsal surface

of ramus.

Body surface with very few hairs (sensilla).

Egg sac (Figure 21«) approximately 517 X 220,

containing 25-30 eggs about 103 in average diameter.

Rostrum (Figure 21/) small and rounded, placed

subterminally. First antenna (Figure 21g) 389 long.

Lengths of seven segments: 35 (70 along anterior

margin), 78, 49, 70, 62, 36, and 24 respectively.

Formula for armature: 4, 13, 6, 3, 4 + 1 aesthete,

2 + 1 aesthete, and 7 + 1 aesthete (as in other species of the genus). All setae naked.
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 21.—Odontomolgus decrns, new species, female: a, dorsal (A); ft, lateral (A); r, urosome,

dorsal (B); d, genital area, dorsal (C); e, caudal ramus, dorsal (D); /, rostrum, ventral (E);

g, first antenna, with three round dots indicating positions of aesthetes added in male,

aritero<Iorsal (E).
NUMBER 253

Second antenna (Figure 22a) 340 long with formula 1, 1, 3, and one terminal claw. All setae small

and naked. Fourth segment 46 along outer side, 27

along inner side, and 22 wide. Claw 34 and distally

bent slightly angularly (Figure 22b). Near base of

claw a small inconspicuous setule (Figure 22a).

Labrum (Figure 22c) with two posteroventral

lobes having very hyaline edges. Mandible (Figure

22d) in general form resembling that of Odontomolgus scitulus Humes, 1973, and Odontomolgus

mundulus Humes, 1974, with characteristic large

hyaline proximally directed leaflike process. Paragnath (Figure 22c) a small inconspicuous smooth

lobe. First maxilla (Figure 22e) with four smooth

setae. Second maxilla (Figure 22/) with second segment bearing inner hyaline seta with lateral spinules

and posterior surficial seta minutely barbed; lash

with row of slender spines. Maxilliped (Figure 22g)

with two naked setae on second segment; third segment with two small naked spinelike setae and

small clawlike tip.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs (Figure 22h) not protuberant.

Legs 1-4 (Figures 22i, j; 25a, b) with 3-segmented

rami except for endopod of leg 4, which is 2-

segmented. Formula for the armature as in Anchimolgus notatus above, except that the third segment of the exopod of leg 4 has III, I, 5 instead

of II, I, 5.

Inner coxal seta of legs 1-3 plumose, but in leg

4 this seta with short spinules. Inner margin of

basis in legs 1-3 with row of hairs, but this margin

smooth in leg 4. First segment of endopod of leg 1

lacking distal outer spiniform process. Outer spine

on first segment of exopod of leg 1 stronger and

more sclerotized than more distal spines. Leg 4

with exopod 164 long. First segment of endopod

26 X 26, its inner distal seta 108. Second segment

42 X 23, its two barbed terminal spines 21 (outer)

and 100 (inner). Outer margins of both segments

haired.

Leg 5 (Figure 23c) with unornamented free segment 44 X 20. Two terminal naked setae 49 and 52.

Seta on body near free segment 69 and naked.

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure 2Id).

Living specimens in transmitted light opaque to

gray, eye red, egg sacs dark gray.

MALE.—Body (Figure 23d) slender. Length 1.61

mm (1.54-1.76 mm) and greatest width 0.49 mm

(0.47-0.51 mm), based on 10 specimens. Ratio of

length to width of prosome 1.61 : 1. Ratio of length

of prosome to that of urosome 1.39 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 2Se) 73 X 237. Genital

segment 255 X 286, subquadrate in dorsal view and

slightly wider in the anterior half than posteriorly.

Four postgenital segments from anterior to posterior 65 X 120, 70 X 120, 55 X 109, and 78 X 117.

Caudal ramus resembling that of female but

smaller, 81 X 43, with ratio of 1.88 : 1.

Rostrum like that of female. First antenna similar to that of female but three aesthetes added (at

points indicated by round dots in Figure 21g), so

that formula is: 4, 13 + 2 aesthetes, 6, 3 + 1 aesthete, 4+ 1 aesthete, 2 + 1 aesthete, and 7+ 1

aesthete.

Second antenna (Figure 23/) resembling that of

female but sexually dimorphic in having small

spines along inner edge of second segment.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla like those of female. Maxilliped

(Figure 23g) 4-segmented (assuming that proximal

part of claw represents fourth segment). First segment with small inner distal knob. Second segment

with two naked setae and two groups of small

spines. Small third segment unarmed. Claw 275

along axis (including terminal lamella), divided incompletely at its midregion, and bearing two unequal proximal setae, longer seta bent and having

row of slender spinules along one side.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs similar to that in female.

Leg 1 with sexual dimorphism in endopod (Figure 2$h) where third segment has formula I, I, 4;

otherwise leg 1 as in female. Legs 2-5 resembling

those of female.

Leg 6 (Figure 23/) a posteroventral flap on genital segment bearing two naked setae approximately

53 long.

Spermatophore not observed.

Living specimens with color similar to that of

female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name decens (Latin, =

handsome or becoming) alludes to the well-proportioned body form.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF Odontomolgus.—Among the five species of Odontomolgus

known until now only Odontomologxis scitulus

Humes, 1973, from Fungia (Fungia) fun git es (Linnaeus) in New Caledonia has the formula III, I, 5
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

J

FictRF. 22.—Odontomolgus decens, new species, temale: a, second antenna, inner (E); b, claw

of second antenna, inner (C); r, labinm, with paragnaths indicated by broken lines, ventral (I));

d, mandible, posterior (C); e, first maxilla, ventral (C); /, second maxilla, posterior (F); g,

maxilliped, inner (¥); h, area between maxillipeds and first pair of legs, ventral (E); i, leg 1

and intercoxal plate, anterior (E); ;, leg 2, anterior (E).
NUMBER 253

35

FIGURE 23.—Odoittomolgus deceits, new species, female: a, third segment of endopod of leg 3,

anterior (E); b, leg 4 and iiitercoxal plate, anterior (E); c, leg; 5, dorsal (C). Male: d, dorsal

(A); e, urosome, dorsal (B); /, second antenna, inner (D); g, maxilliped, inner (E); It, endopod

of leg 1, anterior (E); i, leg 6, ventral (E).
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

on the third exopod segment of leg 4, as in Odontomolgus decens. The other four species (see Humes

and Stock, 1973 and Humes, 1974) have II, I, 5

on this segment. While O. scitulus and O. decens

have many similar features, the two species differ

in several ways, the most obvious being the longer

caudal rami in O. scitulus. Several points of distinction are mentioned in the key to the species

of Odontomolgus given below.

Odontomolgus fultus, new species

FIGURES 24-26

TYPE MATERIAL.—20 9 ?, 7 cf cf fr°m one Halomitra philippinensis Studer, in 10 m, southwestern

shore of Goenoeng Api, Banda Islands, 4°31'45"S,

129°51'55"E, 4 May 1975. Holotype $, allotype,

and 21 paratypes (16 $ $ , 5 cf cf) deposited in the

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C.; the remaining paratypes (dissected) in the collection of the author.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 24a) with slender prosome thickened dorsoventrally as in Odontomolgus

decens. Length 1.51 mm (1.45-1.57 mm) and greatest width 0.46 mm (0.44-0.47 mm), based on 10

specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome

1.82 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1.44 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 24&) 65 X 286. Genital

segment 220 X 308, wider than long, broadest in

anterior half with lateral margins tapering evenly

posteriorly. This segment in lateral view raised dorsally in anterior two-thirds (Figure 24c). Genital

areas situated dorsally just behind middle of segment. Each area with two unequal naked setae as

in O. decens. Three postgenital segments from anterior to posterior 83 X 150, 81 X 125, and 94 X 125.

Posteroventral border of anal segment with row of

minute spinules set back from edge on both sides.

Caudal ramus (Figure 24d) elongated, 114 X 47,

with ratio of 2.43 : 1. Quter lateral seta 180, dorsal

seta 53, outermost terminal seta 130, and innermost

terminal seta 170. Two long median terminal setae

355 (outer) and 627 (inner), both inserted between

small, smooth dorsal flange and ventral flange with

minute spinules. All setae naked.

Body surface with very few hairs (sensilla).

Egg sac not seen.

Rostrum (Figure 24<?) linguiform. First antenna

(Figure 24/) 297 long. Lengths of seven segments:

18 (49 along anterior margin), 81, 36, 44, 37, 29,

and 21 respectively. Formula for armature as in

O. decens. All setae naked.

Second antenna (Figure 24g) 265 long and armed

as in O. decens. First and second segments large.

Third and fourth segments smaller and nearly

equal in length. Fourth segment 44 along outer

edge, 29 along inner edge, and 22 wide. Terminal

claw (Figure 24ft) 43 along axis with slightly sinuous apex.

Labrum, mandible, and paragnath resembling

those of O. decens. First maxilla (Figure 24t) with

two small naked setae and two large finely barbed

setae. Second maxilla (Figure 24;) with second segment bearing inner hyaline delicately barbed seta

(less strongly barbed than in O. decens) and posterior surficial seta with smooth lamellate margins.

Maxilliped (Figure 25a) with tip finely barbed.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs (Figure 25&) slightly protuberant.

Legs 1-4 (Figure 25c-/) segmented and armed as

in O. decens. Spines on rami of leg 1 curved with

very short barbs (rather than straight with conspicuous barbs as in O. decens). Outer spine on

first segment of leg 1 stronger than more distal

spines (as in O. decens). Leg 4 with exopod 143

long. First segment >of endopod 23 X 26, inner distal seta 81. Second segment 34 X 21, two finely

barbed terminal spines 34 (outer) and 100 (inner).

Outer margins of both segments haired. Inner coxal

seta of leg 4 with short spinules as in O. decens.

Leg 5 (Figure 25g) with small unornamented free

segment 19 X 14 situated ventrally. Two terminal

setae approximately 50 and 70. Adjacent dorsal seta

55. All setae naked.

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure 24&).

Living specimens in transmitted light opaque,

slightly tan, eye red.

MALE.—Body (Figure 26a) slender. Length 1.40

mm (1.32-1.46 mm) and greatest width 0.38 mm

(0.36-0.40 mm), based on 7 specimens. Ratio of

length to width of prosome 2.11 : 1. Ratio of length

of prosome to that of urosome 1.13 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 26b) 52 X 242. Genital

segment 270 X 295, a little wider than long. Four

postgenital segments from anterior to posterior

57 X 117, 70 X 110, 57 X 104, and 75 X 107.
NUMBER 253 37

FIGURE 24.—Odotitomolgus fultus new species, female: a, dorsal (A): b, iirosomc, dorsal (C»);

c, segment of leg 5 and genital segment, lateral (C); d, caudal ramus, dorsal (D); e, rostrum,

ventral (E); /, first antenna, with three round dots indicating positions of aesthetes added in

male, anterodorsal (D); g, second antenna, inner (D); h, claw of second antenna, inner (C);

i, first maxilla, posterior (C);;', second maxilla, posterior (F).
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 25.—Odonlomolgus fultus, new species, female: a, maxilliped, inner (F); b, area between

maxilliperis and first pair of legs, ventral (E); c, leg 1 and intercoxal plate, anterior (D); d,

leg 2, anterior (D); e, third segment of endopod of leg 3, anterior (D); /, leg 4 and intercoxal

plate, anterior (D); g, leg 5, lateral (C).
NUMBER 253 39

b

FIGURE 26.—Odontomolgus fultus, new species, male: a, dorsal (A); b, urosome, dorsal (G);

c, maxilliped, inner (D); d, leg 6, ventral (G).

Caudal minus similar to that of female but

smaller, 99 X 42, ratio 2.36: 1.

Rostrum like that of female. First antenna with

three aesthetes added as in O. decens, with same

formula as in that species. Second antenna as in

female.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla resembling those of female. Maxilliped (Figure 26c) resembling that of O. decens,

but only one group of spines on second segment

and claw 168 along axis with smaller terminal

lamella.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs as in female.

Legs 1-4 like those of female. Leg 5 resembling

that of female with free segment 17 X 13.

Leg 6 (Figure 26d) a posteroventral flap on genital segment bearing two naked setae about 50 long.

Spermatophore not observed.

Living specimens with color resembling that of

female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name fultus (Latin, =

propped up or sustained) alludes to the two large

proximal segments of the second antenna that have

the appearance of a pedestal for the two small distal segments.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER SPECIES OF Odontomolgus.—Two species of Odontomolgus, O. scitulus

Humes, 1973, and O. decens, new species above,

have the formula III, I, 5 on the third exopod

segment of leg 4, as in Odontomolgus fultus. Odontomolgus fultus may be readily distinguished from

O. decens, where the third segment of the second

antenna is much longer than the fourth segment

and the female caudal ramus is shorter (ratio 2 : 1).

Odontomolgus fultus, though close in many re-
4 0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

spects to O. scitulus, may be separated from the in the anterior third of the segment, and the terlatter where the female caudal ramus is longer minal spines on the endopod of leg 4 have the ratio

(ratio 3.8 : 1), the female genital areas are located of about 2 : 1 (instead of 3 : 1 as in O. fultus).

Key to the Species of the Genus Odontomolgus

FEMALES

1. Third segment of exopod of leg 4 with II, I, 5 2

Third segment of exopod of leg 4 with III, I, 5 5

2. Second segment of second maxilla with a setiform sphere; longest seta on caudal ramus

shorter than ramus O. actinophorus (Humes and Frost, 1964)

Second segment of second maxilla without a setiferous sphere; longest seta on caudal ramus

much longer than ramus 3

3. Genital segment in dorsal view angularly constricted in its posterior fourth; free segment

of leg 5 elongated, at least 4:1 , with a small inner proximal expansion

O. rhadinus (Humes and Ho, 1967)

Genital segment in dorsal view tapered, without an angular constriction; free segment of

leg 5 less than 3 : 1, without an inner proximal expansion 4

4. Length of body 1.21 mm; fourth segment of second antenna shorter than third

O. campulus (Humes and Ho, 1968)

Length of body 1.90 mm; fourth segment of second antenna longer than third

O. mundulus Humes, 1974

5. Third segment of second antenna much longer than fourth segment; free segment of leg 5,

44 long O. decens, new species

Third segment of second antenna about as long as fourth segment; free segment of leg 5,

25 or less in length 6

6. Caudal ramus about 3.8: 1; claw of second antenna angularly recurved with tip not sinuous

O. scitulus Humes, 1973

Caudal ramus about 2.43 : 1; claw of second antenna with sinuous tip . .O. fultus, new species

MALES

1. Third segement of exopod of leg 4 with II, I, 5 2

Third segment of exopod of leg 4 with III, I, 5 5

2. Longest seta on caudal ramus shorter than ramus O. actinophorus

Longest seta on caudal ramus much longer than ramus 3

3. Second segment of second antenna with inner spinules; genital segment longer than wide

O. rhadinus

Second segment of second antenna with ornamentation other than spinules; genital segment

wider than long 4

4. Second segment of second antenna with many short spinelike bosses; free segment of leg 5

small, 15 x 9 0. campulus

Second segment of second antenna with irregularly sized obtuse spines or processes; free

segment of leg 5 larger, 34 X 13 0. mundulus

5. Second segment of second antenna with inner spinules; third segment of endopod of leg 1

with I, I, 4 0. decens

Second segment of second antenna without ornamentation; third segment of endopod of

leg 1 with I, 5 6

6. Caudal ramus 3.6:1; second antenna with claw angularly recurved with tip not sinuous

O. scitulus

Caudal ramus 2.36 : 1; second antenna with claw having sinuous tip .. .O. fultus, new species

Paramarda, new genus Rostrum broad, rounde d posteroventrally. First antenn a 7-segmented, in female with formul a 4, 13, 6,

DIAGNOSIS.—Lichomolgidae . Body transformed. 3, 4 + 1 aesthete, 2 + 1 aesthete, an d 7 + 1 aesthete;

Urosome 5-segmented in female, 6-segmented in in male, 4, 13 + 2 aesthetes, 6, 3 + 1 aesthete, 4+ 1

male . Cauda l ramu s with six relatively short setae. aesthete, 2+ 1 aesthete, an d 7+ 1 aesthete. Second
NUMBER 253 41

antenna 3-segmented, with formula 1, 1, 3, and one

terminal claw.

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla similar in general form to those of

Amarda Humes and Stock, 1972. Maxilliped also

resembling Amarda, but in male with small spinules on second segment.

Legs 1-4 with reduced armature and similar in

both sexes. Legs 1 and 2 with 3-segmented exopods

and 2-segmented endopods. Leg 3 with 2-segmented

exopod but lacking endopod (in male this exopod

sometimes 3-segmented). Leg 4 with 2-segmented

exopod but without endopod. Leg 5 in both sexes

with small free segment bearing two terminal setae.

Leg 6 represented in female by two setae on genital

area and in male by a posteroventral flap on genital segment bearing two setae.

Other features as in species described below.

Associated with scleractinian corals.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Paramarda aculeata, new species.

ETYMOLOGY.—The generic name is a combination of irapa (Greek, = beside) plus Amarda, referring to the close relationship of the new genus to

Amarda, a genus associated with the scleractinian

genus Favia in Madagascar.

Paramarda aculeata, new species

FIGURES 27-30

TYPE MATERIAL.—19 $ $ , 18 Q* tf from one

Halomitra philippinensis Studer, in 10 m, southwestern shore of Goenoeng Api, Banda Islands,

4°31'45"S, 129°51'55"E, 4 May 1975. Holotype $,

allotype, and 28 paratypes (14 $ $, 14 cf cf) deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.;

the remaining paratypes (dissected) in the collection of the author.

OTHER SPECIMENS.—2 $ 9 , 10 cf cf from 2 Fungia (Plenractis) paumotuensis Stutchbury, in 2 m,

Poelau Naira, Banda Islands, 4O31'45"S, I29°53'

35"E, 2 May 1975.

FEMALE.—Body (Figure 27a, b) with broad thick

prosome. Length 1.40 mm (1.34-1.47 mm) and

greatest width 1.03 mm (0.98-1.09 mm), based on

10 specimens. Ratio of length to width of prosome

0.91 : 1. Ratio of length of prosome to that of urosome 1.79 : 1. Segment of leg 1 clearly delimited

dorsally from cephalosome. Segments of legs 1-3

with prominent epimera, but segment of leg 4 lacking such epimera.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 27c) very short and

broad, 70 X 400. Genital segment 165 X 320, about

two times wider than long. Genital areas located

dorsally at level of broadest part of segment. Each

area (Figure 21 d) with two naked setae about 17

and a small spiniform process. Three postgenital

segments from anterior to posterior 112 X 159,

96 X 143, and 125 X 126. Posteroventral border of

anal segment with small spines.

Caudal ramus (Figure 27e) elongated, 135 X 33,

with ratio of 4.09 : 1. Outer lateral seta 39, dorsal

seta 34, outermost terminal seta 42, and innermost

terminal seta 52, all naked. Two long median terminal setae 117 (outer) and 159 (inner), both with

narrow lamellae and dorsal and ventral rows of

spinules as in Figure 27/. Ramus unornamented

except for one or two minute hairs.

Body surface with many small refractile points

(Figure 27a).

Egg sac not seen.

Rostrum (Figure 27g) broadly triangular with

rounded tip. First antenna (Figure 21h) 407 long.

Lengths of seven segments: 70 (96 along anterior

margin), 114, 31, 57, 60, 36, and 13 respectively.

Formula for armature as given in generic diagnosis

above. All setae naked. Three proximal segments

with a few refractile points.

Second antenna (Figure 28a) approximately 350

long, but length variable depending on angle of

third segment. Armature as given above in generic

diagnosis. Third segment 146 along outer edge, 94

along inner edge, and 34 wide. Claw 68 along axis,

sharply pointed and sinuous (Figure 28&). Small

setule near base of claw.

Labrum (Figure 28c) with two rounded posteroventral lobes. Mandible (Figure 28d) resembling

that of Amarda, but winglike process on convex

side with sharply pointed tip and small setule, and

lash barbed distally. Paragnath (Figure 28e) a small

elongated lobe with few hairs. First maxilla (Figure

28e) with four smooth setae, one much larger than

others and hyaline. Second maxilla (Figure 28/)

2-segmented, resembling that of Amarda, but short

reflexed terminal lash bearing slender spines instead of teeth. Maxilliped (Figure 28g) 3-segmented,

second segment flattened and arced forward, bearing two small naked setae and distal transverse row

of spinules (Figure 2Sh). Third segment with two
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

h

FIGURE 27.—Paramarda aculeala, new genus, new species, female: a, dorsal (A); b, lateral (A);

r, urosome, dorsal (G); d, genital area, dorsal (D); e, caudal nimus, dorsal (E); /, longest seta

on caudal ramus, dorsal (C); g, rostrum, ventral (B); h, first antenna, with three round dots

indicating positions of aesthetes added in male, ventral (D).
NUMBER 253 43

FIGURE 28.—Paratnarda aculeata, new genus, new species, female: a, second antenna, anteroinner (D); b, claw of second antenna, flat view, postero-outer (C); c, labrnm with paragnaths

indicated by broken lines, ventral (F); d, mandible, posterior (C); e, first maxilla and paragnath, anterior (C); /, second maxilla, posterior (F); g, maxillipcd. antero-inner (F); h, second and

third segments of maxilliped, postero-outer (F); i, area between maxillipeds ami fust pair of

legs, ventral (E).
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 29.—Paramarda aculeata, new genus, new species, female: a, leg 1 and intercoxal plate,

anterior (D); b, leg 2 and intercoxal plate, anterior {D); c, leg 3 and intercoxal plate, anterior

(D); d, ramus of leg 3, anterior (D); e, leg 4 and intercoxal plate, anterior (D); /, ramus of

leg 4, anterior (D); g, leg 5, dorsal (D).

small very unequal setae and terminating in barbed

spiniform tip.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs (Figure 28i) not protuberant (Figure 276).

Elongated sclerite in front of intercoxal plate of

leg 1 weakly developed.

Leg 1 (Figure 29a) and leg 2 (Figure 296) with

3-segmented exopods and 2-segmented endopods.

Leg 3 (Figure 29c) with 2-segmented (in some specimens 3-segmented as in Figure 29d) exopod and

leg 4 (Figure 29e) with 2-segmented exopod (Figure

29/); both of these legs lacking endopods. Armature of legs 1-4 as follows (Roman numerals indicating spines, Arabic numerals representing setae):
NUMBER 25S 45

P, coxa O-O basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-0; III, I, 2

enp 0-0; I, II

P2 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exp 1-0; 1-0; III, I, 2

enp 0-0; I, II

P8 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exp 0-0; I, II

or 1-0; 1-0; I, II

enp absent

P4 coxa 0-0 basis 1-0 exp 0-0; II

or 1-0; I, II

enp absent

Coxa in all four legs without inner seta.

Leg 5 (Figure 29g) with free segment 62 X 26,

its two terminal setae 117 and 78. Dorsal seta 130.

All three setae smooth. Free segment without ornamentation except for very few refractile points.

Leg 6 represented by two setae on genital area

(Figure 27d).

Color in life in transmitted light grayish opaque,

eye red.

MALE.—Body (Figure 30a) with broad thickened

prosome as in female. Length 1.06 mm (1.03-1.10

mm) and greatest width 0.72 mm (0.70-0.75 mm),

based on 10 specimens. Ratio of length to width of

FIGURE 30.—Paramarda aculeata, new genus, new species, male: a, dorsal (A); b, urosomc,

dorsal (G); c, claw of second antenna, antero-inner (C); d, maxilliped, inner (D); e, endopod

of leg 2, anterior (D); /, rami of right and left leg 3, anterior (D); g, rami of right and left

leg 3, anterior (D); h, ramus of leg 4, anterior {D); i, leg 5, dorsal {¥); j , leg 6, ventral (E).
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

prosome 0.91 :1. Ratio of length of prosome to that

of urosome 1.48 : 1.

Segment of leg 5 (Figure 30b) 42 X 257. Genital

segment 91 X 234, more than 2.5 times wider than

long. Four postgenital segments from anterior to

posterior 49 X 99, 65 X 109, 62 X 99, and 86 X 100.

Caudal ramus resembling that of female but

smaller, 120 X 27, with ratio of 4.44 : 1.

Rostrum like that of female.

First antenna similar to that of female but three

aesthetes added, two on second segment and one

on fourth segment (at points indicated by round

dots in Figure 27h). Second antenna resembling

that of female but claw a little more attenuated

(Figure 30c).

Labrum, mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla like those in female. Maxilliped

(Figure 30d) 4-segmented. Second segment with two

small naked setae and group of small spinules.

Claw 127 along axis, lacking terminal lamella, and

bearing proximally two very unequal naked setae.

Ventral area between maxillipeds and first pair

of legs similar to that in female.

Legs 1-4 segmented and armed as in female. Certain specimens showing variations from the typical

pattern: in endopod of leg 2 (Figure 30^), in leg 3

(Figure 30/, g), and in leg 4 (Figure 30 h).

Leg 5 (Figure 30i) with unornamented free segment 26 X 14, much smaller than in female. Two

terminal setae 73 and 60. Dorsal seta 135.

Leg 6 (Figure 30;) a posteroventral flap on genital segment bearing two slender naked setae about

50 long.

Spermatophore not observed.

Color in life as in female.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name aculeata (Latin,

= sharp-pointed) refers to the slender pointed claw

on the second antenna.

COMPARISON OF Paramarda WITH RELATED GENERA.—Four lichomolgid genera have, as in Paramarda, 3-segmented second antennae and a reduction in segmentation or absence of certain rami of

legs 1-4, departing from the usual lichomolgid condition of 3-segmented rami throughout except for

the reduced endopod of leg 4. Each of these coralinhabiting genera may be distinguished from Paramarda by the number of segments in legs 1-4, as

shown in Table 1. Paramarda stands apart from

these genera in having legs 3 and 4 with 2-segmented exopods (rarely 3-segmented in leg 3) and

lacking endopods.

NOTE ON RELATIONSHIP TO THE HOST.—The host

specimen of Halomitra philippinensis was isolated

immediately after collection in a pail of seawater.

TABLE. 1—Comparison of the number of segments in legs 1-4 in Paramarda and related genera

Ramus

Mycoxynus Cerioxynus Amarda Amardopsis Paramarda,

Humes, 1973 Humes, 1974 Humes and Humes, 1974 new genus

Stock, 1972

P,

P,

exopod.

endopod

exopod.

endopod

i

exopod.

endopod

exopod.

endopod

3

2 or 3

3

2 or 3

3

2

3

2

2 or 3
NUMBER 253 47

It remained in a refrigerated room on board ship

for 24 hours and then stood at room temperature

for another 24 hours before examination. Sufficient

95 percent ethyl alcohol was added to the pail to

make an approximately 5 percent solution. The

coral was thoroughly and vigorously washed in this

solution 10 successive times, with copepods recovered each time by straining the water through a

fine net (120 holes per inch). In the tenth washing

3 copepods were found. This indicates that Paramarda lives not loosely on the outer surface of the

coral but rather inside the coral polyps, whence it

is dislodged only with strong agitation.

Host Specificity of Copepods Associated with

Moluccan Fungiid Corals

Certain copepods may live together on a single

individual coral. One specimen of Fungia echinata

had four copepod associates: Anchimolgus tener,

Anchimolgus latens, Anchimolgus pandus, and

Mycoxynus fungianus. A specimen of Halomitra

philippinensis contained both Odontomolgus fultus

and Paramarda aculeata.

Several species of copepods may be associated

with one species of coral. Fungia paumotuensis had

six copepod associates and Fungia echinata had five

(see list below). Of the 11 copepods reported here

five occurred on only one host (see list on page 1).

Six copepods lived on more than one host and two

of these, Anchimolgus latens and Anchimolgus pandus, were recovered from as many as four hosts.

List of Fungiid Corals and Their Associated

Copepods

(including those from the Moluccas and previous records from

New Caledonia in parentheses)

Fungia actiniformis

Anchimolgus notatus, new species

Anchimolgus pandus, new species

Odontomolgus decens, new species

Fungia echinata

Anchimolgus latens, new species

Anchimolgus pandus, new species

Anchimolgus tener Humes, 1973

(Anchimolgus tener Humes, 1973)

Mycoxynus fungianus, new species

Fungia fungites

Anchimolgus latens, new species

Anchimolgus punctilis, new species

(Odontomolgus scitulus Humes, 1973)

Fungia paumotuensis

Anchimolgus latens, new species

Anchimolgus notatus, new species

Anchimolgus orectus, new species

Anchimolgus pandus, new species

Anchimolgus punctilis, new species

Paramarda aculata, new genus, new species

Halomitra philippinensis

Odontomolgus fultus, new species

Paramarda aculeata, new genus, new species

Herpolitha Umax

Anchimolgus latens, new species

(Parahalomitra irregularis)

(Mycoxynus longicauda Humes, 1973)

Parahalomitra robusta

Anchimolgus convexus, new species

Anchimolgus tener Humes, 1973

Polyphyllia talpina

Anchimolgus pandus, new species
Literature Cited

Humes, A. G.

1973. Cyclopoid Copepods (Lichomolgidae) from Fungiid

Corals in New Caledonia. Zoologischer Anzeiger,

190(5/6):312-333.

1974. Odontomolgus mundulus n. sp. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) Associated with the Scleractinian Coral Genus

Alveopora in New Caledonia. Transactions of the

American Microscopical Society, 93(2): 153-162.

Humes, A. G., and B. W. Frost

1964. New Lichomolgid Copepods (Cyclopoida) Associated

with Alcyonarians and Madreporarians in Madagascar. Cahiers ORSTOM Oceanographie, 1963, 6(serie

Nosy Be II):131-212.

Humes, A. G., and J.-S. Ho

1967. New Cyclopoid Copepods Associated with the Coral

Psatnmocora contigua (Esper) in Madagascar. Proceedings of the United States National Museum,

122(3586): 1-32.

1968. Lichomolgid Copepods (Cyclopoida) Associated with

Corals in Madagascar. Bulletin of the Museum of

Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 136(10):

353-413.

Humes, A. G., and J. H. Stock

1972. Preliminary Notes on a Revision of the Lichomolgidae, Cyclopoid Copepods Mainly Associated with

Marine Invertebrates. Bulletin Zoologisch Museum,

Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2(12): 121-133.

1973. A Revision of the Family Lichomolgidae Kossmann,

1877, Cyclopoid Copepods Mainly Associated with

Marine Invertebrates. Smithsonian Contributions to

Zoology, 127: 368 pages.

48
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components should be lettered as in figures: "Plate 9.b_." Keys to any symbols within an

illustration should appear on the art and not in the legend.

A few points of style: (1) Do not use periods after such abbreviations as "mm, ft,

yds, USNM, NNE, AM, BC." (2) Use hyphens in spelled-out fractions: "two-thirds." (3)

Spell out numbers "one" through "nine" in expository text, but use numerals in all other

cases if possible. (4) Use the metric system of measurement, where possible, instead of

the English system. (5) Use the decimal system, where possible, in place of fractions.

(6) Use day/month/year sequence for dates: "9 April 1976." (7) For months in tabular listings or data sections, use three-letter abbreviations with no periods: "Jan, Mar, Jun," etc.

Arrange and paginate sequentially EVERY sheet of manuscript—including ALL front

matter and ALL legends, etc., at the back of the text—in the following order: (1) title page,

(2) abstract, (3) table of contents, (4) foreword and/or preface, (5) text, (6) appendixes,

(7) notes, (8) glossary, (9) bibliography, (10) index, (11) legends.
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