32
102°

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

102°
36°

Base from U.S. Geological Survey
International Map of the World (IMW) Series, 1959
Modified Polyconic Projection

48°

44°

24°]

126° 120° 14 108° 102" 96° 30° 84° 78° ne 66°

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INDEX TO INTERNATIONAL MAP OF THE WORLD
1:1,000,000 TOPOGRAPHIC SERIES

Showing location of the Quaternary Geologic Map of the Dallas 4° x 6° Quadrangle

in red [U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1420 (NI-14)]
and other published maps in the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States in
yellow.

QUATERNARY GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE DALLAS 4° x 6° QUADRANGLE, UNITED STATES

B 0 % 50 MILES

CONTOURS IN METERS ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929

302° 96°

EOLIAN SAND AND LOESS DISTRIBUTION

(Texas, modified from Holliday (1989);
Oklahoma, modified from Thorp and Smith (1952)

0.5-2.5 m loess on clayey subsoil
0.5-2.5 m loess on loamy subsoil
0.5-3.0 m sheet sand on sandy or loamy subsoil

State compilations by

Kenneth V. Luza, Katheryn M. Jensen, William D. Fishman
E.G. Wermund, Jr., and Gerald M. Richmond

Edited and integrated by
Gerald M. Richmond and Ann Coe Christiansen

1994
QUATERNARY GEOLOGIC ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES

102°

36°

RG ae

"INTERIOR-—GEDLOGICAL SURVEY, RESTON VIRGINIA 1994 96°

Compiled in 1988-89

GM. Richmond, coordinator

Edited by S.J. Kropschot

Color design by Virginia D. Scott

Graphic design by Wiliam E. Sowers
Cartography by Springfield and Springfield
Manuscript approved for publication

April 17, 1990

we

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STATE COMPILATION

(1) Oklahoma Geological Survey

(2) Texas Bureau of Economic Geology

(3) U.S. Geological Survey

PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE
TEXAS BUREAU OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
AND THE
OKLAHOMA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

LIST OF MAP UNITS

HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN
asa ALLUVIAL SAND, SILT CLAY, AND GRAVEL

ale | ALLUVIAL SILT AND CLAY
| a | ALLUVIAL-FAN DEPOSIT
EOLIAN SHEET SAND
DUNE SAND

HOLOCENE TO ILLINOIAN
ALLUVIAL, LACUSTRINE, AND EOLIAN DEPOSIT

PLAYA CLAY
| CALCRETE-CLAST LOAM TO SANDY LOAM COLLUVIUM
BOULDERY SANDY COLLUVIUM
LIMESTONE-CLAST LOAMY COLLUVIUM
LIMESTONE-CLAST SILTY CLAY COLLUVIUM

RED SILTSTONE- AND SHALE-CLAST LOCALLY
GYPSIFEROUS LOAMY COLLUVIUM.

PEBBLY SANDY CLAY LOAM COLLUVIUM
QUARTZ SANDSTONE-CLAST SANDY COLLUVIUM

LIMESTONE-, SHALE-, SANDSTONE-, AND CALCRETE-CLAST
LOAMY COLLUVIUM

SANDSTONE- AND SHALE-CLAST COLLUVIUM

ACID SHALE-CHIP CLAY-LOAM COLLUVIUM

SHALE- AND SLABBY LIMESTONE-CLAST COLLUVIUM
SHALE- AND SILTSTONE-CLAST LOAMY COLLUVIUM
SANDSTONE- AND SHALE-CLAST LOAMY COLLUVIUM
SHALE-CLAST CLAYEY COLLUVIUM

LIMESTONE- AND SANDSTONE-CLAST LOAMY COLLUVIUM

SHALE- AND LIMESTONE-CLAST DISINTEGRATION
RESIDUUM

QUARTZ SAND DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM
RED SILTY CLAY DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM

RED SILTY CLAY DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM AND GYPSUM
SOLUTION RESIDUUM
FINE SANDY LOAM DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM

CALCAREOUS SANDY LOAM DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM
CALCAREOUS CLAY DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM

STONY SELENITIC SILTY CLAY LOAM DISINTEGRATION
RESIDUUM

SANDSTONE AND MUDSTONE CLAY LOAM
DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM

LATE PLEISTOCENE
LACUSTRINE CLAY, SILT, AND SAND

LATE PLEISTOCENE TO MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE
ALLUVIAL- AND SHEETWASH-FAN FINE SAND AND SILT
CEMENTED ALLUVIAL GRAVELLY SAND

ALLUVIAL-FAN GRAVELLY TO SANDY LOAM

LATE PLEISTOCENE TO EARLY PLEISTOCENE
ALLUVIAL GRAVEL, SAND, SILT, AND CLAY
EOLIAN SHEET SAND

CEMENTED COLLUVIUM AND SHEETWASH ALLUVIUM
MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY PLEISTOCENE
ALLUVIAL GRAVEL AND SAND.
EOLIAN AND ALLUVIAL SAND, SILT, AND CLAY
PLIOCENE
LACUSTRINE SAND, CLAY, AND LIMESTONE
QUATERNARY AND TERTIARY
LIMONITIC SANDY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM
| QUARTZ SAND DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM
SANDY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM

CLAYEY SAND AND SANDY CLAY DECOMPOSITION
RESIDUUM

FINE SANDY, SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM
CLAYEY SILT TO SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM
FINE SANDY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM

CLAY LOAM AND FINE SANDY LOAM DECOMPOSITION
RESIDUUM

SANDY CLAY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM

RED CLAY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM WITH
LOCAL GYPSUM RUBBLE

SMECTITIC CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM
SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM

SAND, GRAVEL, SILT, AND CLAY DECOMPOSITION
RESIDUUM

CLAY AND SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM
SANDY CLAY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM

SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM AND CHERTY
CLAY SOLUTION RESIDUUM

CLAY LOAM AND CHANNERY LOAM DECOMPOSITION
RESIDUUM AND SOLUTION RESIDUUM

CHERTY CALCAREOUS CLAY SOLUTION RESIDUUM
STONY CALCAREOUS CLAY SOLUTION RESIDUUM
FELDSPATHIC SANDY FINE GRUS

CONTACT

—— FAULT WITH QUATERNARY DISPLACEMENT —Bar and ball on
downthrown side

VOLCANIC ASH BEDS
Lava Creek B ash bed (Pearlette type O)

Huckleberry Ridge ash bed (Pearlette type B)

Pearlette family of ash beds not individually identified
Pleistocene, possibly belonging to Pearlette family of ash beds
Cerro Toledo ash bed (upper?)

woo fc e

Guaje ash bed in Blackwater Draw Formation

ROS

Mount Blanco ash bed in Blanco Formation

NOTE: This map is the product of collaboration of the Oklahoma
Geological Survey, the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, and the U.S.
Geological Survey, and is designed for both scientific and practical purposes. It
was prepared in two stages. First, separate maps and map explanations of that
part of each State included in the quadrangle were prepared by the State
compilers. Second, these maps were integrated and locally supplemented by
the editors; map unit symbols were revised to a uniform system of
classification; and map unit descriptions were prepared from information
received from the State compilers and from additional sources. Differences of
mapping or interpretation in different areas were resolved by correspondence
to the extent possible: most simply reflect differences in available information
or differences in philosophies of mapping and serve to encourage further
investigation. Richard M. Pratt plotted the volcanic ash locality symbols and
prepared the index map of eolian sand and loess distribution.

Less than forty percent of the surficial deposits of the United States have
been mapped and described. Traditionally, mapping of surficial deposits has
focused on glacial, alluvial, eolian, lacustrine, marine, and landslide deposits.
Slope and upland deposits have been mapped in detail only in restricted areas.
However, an enormous amount of engineering construction and many
important problems of land use and land management occur in regions of
extensive slope and upland deposits (colluvium and residuum, for example).
These materials have many different physical characteristics. Therefore, an
effort has been made to classify, map, and describe these deposits on the basis
of published and unpublished subsoil data, distribution and structure of bedrock
parent materials, slope, and unpublished interpretations of individuals. An
attempt has been made to show the gradual change that takes place from east
to west across Oklahoma and Texas from acid soils and predominantly
chemical weathering products (decomposition residua) to calcareous soils and
predominantly mechanical weathering products (disintegration residua). The
classification is crude, but represents a first step toward a more refined and
useful product.

For scientific purposes, the map differentiates Quaternary surficial deposits
on the basis of lithology, texture, genesis, stratigraphic relationships, and age,
as shown on the correlation diagram and indicated in the map unit
descriptions. Geomorphic features are not distinguished as map units, and
terraced alluvial deposits along streams are broadly grouped in time because of
the impossibility of mapping them individually at a scale of 1:1,000,000.

For practical purposes, the map is a surficial materials map. Materials are
distinguished on the basis of texture, composition, and local specific
characteristics such as swelling clay. It is not a map of pedologic or agronomic
soils. Rather it is a generalized map of soils as recognized in _ engineering
geology. or of subsoils or parent materials from which pedologic and
agronomic soils are formed. As a materials map it serves as a base from which
engineering, land-use-planning. or land-management maps can be derived.
However, it does not replace detailed site study and analysis.

EOLIAN PLAYA

ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS DEPOSITS DEPOSITS

COLLUVIAL DEPOSITS

CORRELATION OF M A P UNITS

DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM

SOLUTION

DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM

RESIDUUM GRUS.

DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS

HOLOCENE AND LATE WISCONSIN

asa ALLUVIAL SAND, SILT, CLAY, AND GRAVEL—Light-brown, gray, or
grayish-brown sand, silt, and gravel intermixed or interbedded; commonly
crossbedded. Locally includes lenses of clay and layers of sheetwash
alluvium. In western part of mapped area, chiefly coarse quartzose sand
containing lenses of subangular to well-rounded gravel. Clasts mostly
calcrete derived from the Ogallala Formation (Miocene). Silt and clay
become more abundant and gravel becomes finer and increasingly
confined to lower part of deposit eastward across quadrangle. Quartzite,
chert, limestone, and sandstone clasts also increase in abundance eastward
in deposits of secondary drainages. Thickness 3-30 m; mostly 5-6 m
ale ALLUVIAL SILT AND CLAY—Dark- to light-brown or gray silt, clay, and fine
sand intermixed and interbedded; includes a few lenses of subangular to
subrounded gravel. especially in lower part. Clasts chiefly chert and
limestone 2-4 cm in diameter. Underlies flood plains and low stream
terraces in northeast part of quadrangle. Mapped areas include some
sheetwash alluvium. Thickness 0.5-10 m:; locally as much as 20 m
ALLUVIAL-FAN DEPOSIT—Yellowish- to brownish-gray gravel, coarse to
medium sand, and minor silt, intermixed and interbedded; structureless to
poorly bedded. Clasts chiefly angular to subrounded pebbles and cobbles
of limestone, dolomite, and chert. Forms fans, chiefly in drainage of North
and South Forks of Wichita River and Salt Fork of Brazos River. Thickness
2-8m
es | EOLIAN SHEET SAND—Gray to yellowish- or reddish-brown, medium to very
fine sand; silty, slightly clayey; mostly quartz; minor feldspar.
Distinguished as a map unit only in Texas. Commonly overlies an older
alluvial deposit. Mostly stabilized by vegetation. Thickness 0.5-3 m
DUNE SAND—Gray to yellowish- or reddish-brown, fine to medium sand;
locally silty or loamy. Mostly quartz and minor feldspar; well sorted;
moderately to well rounded; generally noncalcareous. Forms dunes; relief
as much as 5 m; mostly stabilized by vegetation. Commonly overlies older
alluvial deposits. In Oklahoma, locally includes extensive sheet sand.
Thickness 3-30 m: generally about 7 m

HOLOCENE TO ILLINOIAN

asi ALLUVIAL, LACUSTRINE, AND EOLIAN DEPOSIT (Lingos Formation
(Caran and Baumgardner, 1990) in Texas}—Buff, grayish- to yellowish-
brown or pale-red sequence of sediments spreading from eastern base of
escarpment in western part of quadrangle. Sediments consist of basal sand
and gravel overlain by lenses of calcareous, fossiliferous lacustrine clay
and marl, and an upper deposit consisting of eolian sheet sand and
channel deposits that are mostly eolian sand and silt interbedded with
paleosols and alluvial silt, sand, and gravel. Locally overlies a paleosol
developed on Permian siltstone. Basal gravel contains Rancholabrean
vertebrate fauna. Youngest deposits probably early Holocene. Thickness
characteristically 30-40 m; thickness varies abruptly and is as much as 75
m where deposit has filled depressions formed by collapse of the beds
following dissolution of the underlying gypsum bedrock
[GEER 2vsv4 cray—ticht-gray, tight grayish-brown to pale-brown, and brownish-
gray sandy clay and silt; massive, calcareous; hard when dry, sticky and
plastic when wet. Films, threads, and soft masses of calcium carbonate
comprise about 5-8 percent of volume. Occurs in circular to oval closed
depressions, many of which contain small intermittent playa lakes.
Thousands of the depressions exist, most too small to show on map, but
some in the northwest part of quadrangle are 100 m to several kilometers
across. Many depressions, especially those in eolian sand, are formed by
deflation and (or) dissolution of near-surface carbonate by infiltrating
ground water. Others are formed by subsidence resulting from deep
solution and collapse of underlying gypsum bedrock. Some depressions
are rimmed by a low circular mound of brown loam about 1 m thick that
overlies white indurated secondary calcium carbonate. The nearly flat
surface of some deposits is characterized by pimple mounds and
| depressions (gilgai) of Holocene age. Thickness 0.5-5 m

CALCRETE-CLAST LOAM TO SANDY LOAM COLLUVIUM!—Reddish- to
yellowish-brown, brown, or gray mixture of gravel, sand, and clay. Poorly
sorted; nonbedded to thin bedded. Clasts mostly pebble to cobble size; a
few are boulders. Most are fragments of calcrete. Sand is fine to medium,
quartzose; forms bulk of deposit; includes admixed silt and clay.
Moderately cemented with calcium carbonate in places. Mantles slopes
that dissect the Ogallala Formation (Miocene). Mapped areas include
bedrock outcrops and small areas of locally derived alluvium. Thickness
commonly less than 1 m; locally 2-4 m at base of slopes
[| BOULDERY SANDY COLLUVIUM!—Tan to brown, dark-grayish-brown, or
yellowish-brown, fine sand, silt, and minor silty clay. Contains sandstone
boulders; poorly sorted, nonbedded to thin bedded: some boulder fields at
surface. Developed on moderate to steep slopes underlain by highly folded
and faulted sandstone and shale. Mapped only in southeastern Oklahoma.
Thickness 0.5-1.5 m
LIMESTONE-CLAST LOAMY COLLUVIUM!—Dark-grayish-brown to light-
brown, locally reddish brown, moderately alkaline clay loam and loam
containing scattered to abundant, angular blocky to platy fragments of hard
limestone, shale chips, particles of calcium carbonate cement, and, locally,
sparse chert. Nonbedded to thin bedded. In places, rests in abrupt contact
on hard, laminar calcium carbonate overlying limestone bedrock; elsewhere,
the hard calcium carbonate is lacking and the loam, mixed with fragments,
overlies fragmented limestone. On steep slopes, commonly contains more
than 50 percent fragments and locally is a limestone rubble with very little
matrix. Mapped areas include abundant bedrock outcrops. In valley
bottoms, consists of angular to subangular stony sheetwash alluvium, but
along valley of Red River is chiefly sandy to silty and thin bedded. Thickness
on uplands 0.5-3 m; on moderate to steep slopes 0.1-1 m
[se] LIMESTONE-CLAST SILTY CLAY COLLUVIUM!—Reddish-gray to pale-
reddish-brown sandy to silty clay containing abundant angular to
subangular blocky clasts of limestone and chert; nonbedded to locally thin
bedded. In places characterized by elongate zones of limestone rubble
parallel to slope; locally includes some sheetwash alluvium. Mapped only in
Texas. Thickness 0.2-1 m; may be thicker at base of slopes
[20] ep SILTSTONE- AND SHALE-CLAST LOCALLY GYPSIFEROUS LOAMY
COLLUVIUM!—Reddish- to grayish-brown, sandy silt loam to silty clay
loam containing angular fragments of sandstone and siltstone, and slabs or
chips of shale and thin-bedded dolomite. Abrupt contact with underlying
rock. Includes zones of partly dissolved chunks and blocks of impure
gypsum in a granular silty clay matrix and, in places, sheets of impure
gypsum rubble. Clayey debris and rubble derived from beds of gypsum
upslope that are undergoing mass wasting following former subsurface
dissolution and collapse. Mapped areas include bedrock outcrops.

Thickness 0.5-1 m
gg PEBBLY SANDY CLAY LOAM COLLUVIUM!—Reddish-brown, pebbly, silty
sandy clay containing fragments of sandstone, dolomite, and limestone.
Nonbedded to thin bedded. Locally includes sheetwash alluvium. Quartz
pebble lag at surface. On some uplands and slopes, overlies pink clay loam
or zone of calcium carbonate accumulation. Mapped areas include
extensive bare bedrock outcrops, commonly in the form of flatirons and
f dip slopes. Mapped only in Texas. Thickness 0.2-1 m
[ QUARTZ SANDSTONE-CLAST SANDY COLLUVIUM!—Pale-gray.
yellowish- or reddish-brown, coarse, medium, and fine quartz sand, locally
pebbly. Contains sandstone rubble clasts of assorted sizes, some limonite-
cemented clasts, and, locally, some limestone and chert rubble derived
from rock types upslope. Commonly in abrupt contact with underlying
rock. Mapped areas include local bedrock outcrops. Occurs chiefly along
eastern escarpment of High Plains in southwest part of quadrangle near
south border. Thickness 1-5 m
os LIMESTONE-, SHALE-, SANDSTONE-, AND CALCRETE-CLAST LOAMY
: COLLUVIUM!—Reddish- to yellowish- or pale-brown, sandy loam
containing scattered angular to subrounded clasts, mostly limestone, shale,
sandstone, and calcrete; a few pebbles of black chert and pink quartz.
Locally forms a scree. Occurs near top of eastern escarpment of High
Plains in southern part of quadrangle. Thickness 0.5-3 m
SANDSTONE- AND SHALE-CLAST COLLUVIUM!—Very dark grayish
brown to yellowish-brown silty clay, silt, and sand containing angular to
subangular sandstone and shale fragments. Nonbedded to thin bedded.
Developed on moderate to steep slopes. Mapped areas include sparse
bedrock outcrops and patches of eolian sand. Mapped only in Oklahoma.
Thickness 0.5-1.5 m
nee ACID SHALE-CHIP CLAY-LOAM COLLUVIUM!—Reddish- to greenish- or
dark-grayish-brown, acidic, sandy to silty clay containing shale chips and
subangular to well-rounded clasts of sandstone as much as 15 cm across.
Mapped only in Oklahoma along east edge of quadrangle. Thickness
0.5-1.0 m
cll SHALE- AND SLABBY LIMESTONE-CLAST COLLUVIUM!—Very dark
grayish brown to olive-gray silt loam; local iron-manganese concretions.
Dominant clay mineral is smectite: swells when wet; shrinks when dry.
Locally overlies remnants of clayey residuum developed from shale in area
of Arbuckle Mountains and uplands to east in Oklahoma. Downslope
creep of shale exposed in places. Thickness commonly less than 1.6 m;
thicker at base of slopes
clm. SHALE- AND SILTSTONE-CLAST LOAMY COLLUVIUM!—Reddish- to dark-
gravish-brown silt loam to clay loam, weakly calcareous: creep of underlying
shale visible locally. Present only in Oklahoma at base of uplands in north-
central part of quadrangle. Thickness commonly less than 1 m
SANDSTONE- AND SHALE-CLAST LOAMY COLLUVIUM!—Reddish-
brown to brown, very fine sand to silt containing clasts of red sandstone,
siltstone, and shale; local dolomite and gypsum rubble in heads of some
drainages. Nonbedded to thin bedded. Mapped areas include bedrock
outcrops, local alluvium, and minor remnants of decomposition residuum
(zlq). Thickness less than 0.6 m

(RY state-cuast clayey COLLUVIUM'—vellowish-brown to gray clay to clay
loam containing chips and slabs of red shale and, in places, angular
fragments of limestone, dolomite, siltstone, red fine-grained sandstone,
and gypsiferous rubble. Nonbedded to thin bedded. Abrupt contact with
bedrock. Locally mantled with thin loess. Mapped areas include bedrock
outcrops, minor alluvium, and small areas of decomposition residuum (zit).
Thickness generally less than 3 m; may be as much as 5 m at base of slopes

[BY umestone- ‘AnD SaNDSTONE-CLAST LOAMY COLLUVIUM!—Dark-
grayish- to reddish-brown silt loam to clay loam colluvium containing

numerous scattered clasts of hard limestone and fine- to medium-grained

sandstone. Occurs on slopes of Arbuckle Mountains and uplands to east in

Oklahoma. Abrupt contact with patches of underlying residuum and

bedrock. Mapped areas include bedrock outcrops and small patches of
residuum developed on limestone and sandstone. Thickness less than 2 m
xba SHALE- AND LIMESTONE-CLAST DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM?—Light
reddish- to yellowish-brown silty clay loam containing abundant shale chips
where developed over shale, and forming matrix of limestone rubble
where developed over limestone. Locally includes some zones of dolomite
and gypsum clasts. Grades down into parent rock. Underlies gently rolling
uplands characterized by stair-step benches in which limestone underlies
the bench surfaces and shale the frontal slopes. Mapped areas include
bedrock outcrops and local limestone rubble or shale debris colluvium.
Areas underlain by dolomite and gypsum commonly characterized by
dissolution sinks and caves filled with collapsed rubbly residuum. Thickness
less than 0.5 m to 1m
QUARTZ SAND DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM?—Pale-gray to  reddish-
yellow, coarse to medium quartz sand, locally silty; abundant muscovite;
limonite stained in places. Includes angular fragments and chunks of
sandstone. Grades down into sandstone bedrock through a fragmented
zone, locally impregnated and cemented with calcium carbonate. Mapped
areas include broad low dunes (ed) of Holocene age, remnants of calcium
carbonate cemented residuum (zsb), colluvium (csi). and minor alluvium.
Thickness 0.5-2 m

RED SILTY CLAY DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM2—Orange-brown and red,
mottled grayish-green, silty clay; local fine sandy clay. Grades down
abruptly into red shale or dolomite on gently sloping uplands. Mapped
areas commonly include bedrock outcrops and, very locally, gravelly loam
colluvium on dissected slopes. Gravel is derived from deposits of Seymour
Formation (ago) capping divides immediately upslope. Thickness 0.5-1 m

RED SILTY CLAY DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM? AND GYPSUM
SOLUTION RESIDUUM‘*—Reddish-brown, noncalcareous to highly
calcareous silt loam to clay loam disintegrated from underlying shale,
siltstone, and thin beds of dolomite. Includes blocky fragments or slabs of
siltstone and chips of shale in lower part. Matrix in lower part also includes
zones of grayish-brown, granular, silty to clayey gypsiferous rubble
commonly less than 0.3 m thick derived from underlying thick beds of
gypsum. Numerous sink holes resulting from subsurface dissolution and
collapse of the gypsum common. Mapped areas include bedrock outcrops
and some colluvium (cse). Thickness generally less than 1.2 m
[RIB] he savy Loam DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM?—Reddish-brown to
reddish-gray fine sandy loam, locally calcareous: contains soft carbonate
concretions. Numerous red sandstone, siltstone, or shale fragments in
lower part. Grades down through fragmented zone into fine-grained
sandstone, siltstone, soft shale, or calcareous shale. Mapped areas include
bedrock outcrops, colluvium, sheetwash alluvium, and alluvium of local
streams. Thickness commonly less than 1 m; as much as 2 m where
developed on soft rocks
CALCAREOUS SANDY LOAM DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM?—Reddish-
brown to brown, calcareous, fine sandy loam derived from underlying red,
fine-grained sandstone, shale, and dolomite. Includes numerous relatively
fresh rock fragments in lower part and grades down into bedrock through
fragmented zone. Mapped areas include small deposits of locally derived
colluvium, sheetwash alluvium, stream alluvium, and remnant patches of
residuum (zls). Thickness 0.5-1 m

CALCAREOUS CLAY DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM?—Light-brown to
brown or light-reddish-brown silty clay to fine sand containing chips of shale
and small fragments of mudstone, siltstone, sandstone or coarse-grained
limestone, on all of which the residuum is developed. Clay is calcareous and
locally smectitic. Grades down into bedrock through a thin fragmented
zone. Mapped only in Texas. Mapped areas include extensive unmapped,
unconsolidated deposits of silt, sand, and gravel on uplands. Gravel ranges
from pebbles to boulders, most of limestone, but some of quartz, quartzite,
sandstone, or mudstone. Mapped areas also contain bedrock outcrops and
colluvium. Thickness commonly less than 1 m; locally only 5 cm

(R299 stony setenimic si-ty CLAY LOAM DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM?—
Brown to reddish-brown silty clay loam, locally sandy. Contains abundant
rubble composed of dolomite, sandstone, mudstone, and partly dissolved
gypsum clasts. Material grades through fragmented zone into underlying
bedrock. No pronounced karst topography. Mapped areas include bedrock
outcrops and = rubbly colluvium. Present in Texas south of
southwesternmost Oklahoma. Thickness 0.5-1 m

[RBBB sayvstone AND MUDSTONE CLAY LOAM DISINTEGRATION
RESIDUUM?—Yellowish- to light-reddish-brown clay loam to sandy clay
loam containing abundant fragments of the underlying bedrock of
mudstone, sandstone, shale, and, locally, cherty limestone. Tends to
grade down through thin fragmented zone into underlying rock. In places
matrix is sparse and only a thin lag rubble of relatively small fragments
remains on exposed bedrock. Mapped areas include minor colluvium on
lower slopes. Thickness 5-50 cm

LATE PLEISTOCENE

LACUSTRINE CLAY, SILT. AND SAND (Tahoka Formation in Texas})—
Bluish-gray to gray, weathering light brown, selenitic lacustrine clay, silt.
and, locally, sand. Clay and silt are slightly calcareous, massive to weakly
bedded, weakly coherent. Clay minerals include bentonite, sepiolite, and
illite. Thin dolomite beds (Vigo Park dolomite, an informal, unranked unit
of Reeves, 1976) in middle part of unit. Sand is gray, fine- to coarse-
grained quartz, massive to weakly bedded, friable. Grades laterally into
shoreline gravel at margins of deposit. Occurs on the High Plains in basins
that developed in part by deflation, but chiefly as a result of collapse
following dissolution by underground water of underlying salt or gypsum
bedrock. Lake sediments contain late Wisconsin molluscs and vertebrate
fossils; locally, underlain by unmapped olive-gray, dense, selenitic,
lacustrine silt and clay of early Wisconsin age, known chiefly from borings.
Thickness as much as 25 m in places; commonly 8 m, but thins laterally to
less than 1 m

LATE PLEISTOCENE TO MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE

[AY aviowaat. anv sueerwasttran FINE SAND AND SILT—Brown to
grayish-brown, silty, fine sand and clayey, fine sandy silt; sand chiefly
quartz. Deposited as broad, gently sloping, thin alluvial- and sheetwash-
fan deposits. Occurs on gentle slopes of valley sides that extend upward as
much as 60-70 m above flood plains. Largely reworked from older alluvial
deposits of Seymour Formation (ago). Weakly to well bedded, poorly to
well sorted. Locally includes minor admixed clay. Headwater areas may
include some fragments from underlying or nearby exposures of Permian
sandstone, siltstone, shale, gypsum, or dolomite. Thickness 1-3 m

CEMENTED ALLUVIAL GRAVELLY SAND—Very pale brown, light-yellowish-
brown, and very light brownish gray calcium carbonate-cemented quartz
sand, silt, clay, and gravel, intermixed and interbedded. Includes alluvial-
fan, sheetwash, and possible pediment deposits consisting of stratified to
massive, poorly sorted clayey sand and sandy to silty clay. The sand and
clay contains lenses of pebbles mixed with unsorted platy fragments of
calcium carbonate and subangular to subround gravel composed of locally
derived limestone, dolomite, and chert. Locally, overlies soft to hard,
calcium carbonate-cemented gravelly loam or chalky clay. Lies
topographically above younger terraced, weakly cemented deposits and
interfingers with cemented colluvium and sheetwash deposits on adjacent
slopes. Mapped areas include some cemented colluvium and small isolated
areas of older alluvial deposits. Thickness commonly 2-30 m; locally,
where underlain by Permian bedrock containing salt beds (anhydrite and
halite), thickness varies abruptly and is as much as 80 m where deposit has
filled depressions formed by collapse of the beds following dissolution of
the salt

ALLUVIAL-FAN GRAVELLY TO SANDY LOAM—Pale-brown, yellow, light-
yellowish-brown silty clay; calcareous, friable; contains interbeds of pebbly
sand to sandy silt. Clasts chiefly scattered, rounded pebbles and cobbles of
limestone, dolomite, and chert; local pebbles of basalt and pyroclastic
rock. In places layers of concretions and sand are cemented by soft, white
to very pale yellow calcium carbonate. Underlies, high, very gently sloping
(1 percent slope) alluvial fans in broad valleys in central part of quadrangle.
Thickness 3-12 m

LATE PLEISTOCENE TO EARLY PLEISTOCENE

[=| ALLUVIAL GRAVEL, SAND, SILT, AND CLAY (alluvium of Pleistocene age,
undifferentiated)—Orange-brown or brownish-gray to brown; oxidized;
upper part chiefly silt and clay; becomes coarser downward. Gravel is
predominantly in lower part except where fine material has been deflated.
Sand is well bedded to poorly bedded: commonly crossbedded. In Texas,
gravel consists mostly of pebbles and cobbles of calcrete, derived chiefly
from the Ogallala Formation, and limestone. Maximum diameter about 20
cm; mostly less. Clasts of shale and platy sandstone present in some areas.
In Oklahoma, gravel is also chiefly calcrete, but quartzite, other
metamorphic rocks, milky quartz, chert, and fine-grained igneous rock
from distant western sources are abundant locally. Sand is coarse to fine,
well bedded to poorly bedded, commonly crossbedded, and chiefly quartz:
feldspar abundant near Wichita Mountains. Underlies a sequence of

successively higher terraces that have not been extensively studied and
includes lag gravels remnant on ridge crests following erosion of Ogallala
Formation. Locally, also includes Lava Creek B volcanic ash bed and older
Pleistocene ash beds, and contains sites of several Pleistocene vertebrate
local fauna. Thick eolian sand and silt overlie deposit in many places,
especially along Red River. Thickness 0.2-30 m
(UBB) cOuAN SHEET SAND (Blackwater Draw Formation in Texas: described by
Reeves (1976), formally defined by Holliday (1989); former “cover sands”
of Frye and Leonard, 1957)—Grayish-red, reddish-brown, or very light
brown, stratified to massive, silty to clayey, fine to medium sand. Commonly
1—4 laterally persistent layers, each about 1 m thick; characterized by
secondary calcium carbonate nodules, films, and concretions, and a well-
developed calcrete paleosol. More sandy in southwestern part of its mapped
area, and more loamy in its northeastern part. Commonly contains thin
lenticular beds of gray. organic-rich lake silt and clay, and local channels at
its base are filled with pebbly sand. Boundary between Blackwater Draw
Formation (esa) and underlying Blanco Formation (occ) at Mount Blanco
revised by Holliday (1988). Lower part of Blackwater Draw Formation
includes Guaje volcanic ash bed, fission-track dated as 1.4+0.2 Ma (Izett and
others, 1972). Beds from Guaje ash to base of unit have reversed magnetic
polarity. Unit rests disconformably on calcrete at top of Blanco Formation,
on Ogallala Formation, or on Cretaceous shale. Appears to have
accumulated throughout most of Quaternary time as a series of sand sheets
formed during brief periods of eolian deposition between longer intervals of
erosion, playa lake deposition, and soil development. Thickness commonly
48m
cab CEMENTED COLLUVIUM? AND SHEETWASH ALLUVIUM—White, pink,
light- to dark-gray, light-brown, yellowish-brown, and reddish-brown, and
reddish-yellow sand, silt, clay, and gravel; extensively cemented by
secondary calcium carbonate: stratified to massive; characterized by local
concentration of secondary calcium carbonate in indurated laminar
horizontal layers or as massive, soft zones and nodules. Forms colluvial
deposits on moderate to steep slopes, and remnants of nearly level to
gently sloping. discontinuous sheetwash alluvial-fan aprons that include
sparse deposits of lacustrine clay and marl. Distribution spotty in southwest
part of quadrangle. Mapped areas include bedrock outcrops and small
deposits on uplands. Thickness typically 3-8 m; locally as much as 12 m

MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE AND EARLY PLEISTOCENE

[ee] ALLUVIAL GRAVEL AND SAND (Seymour Formation and correlative upland
gravel in Texas)—Light-gray. medium-gray, or yellowish-brown gravelly
sand, silt, and clay. Locally contains zones of secondary calcium carbonate-
cemented gravelly loam to clay. Lava Creek B volcanic ash (age 0.61 ka)
present in places. In many areas, gravel consists of rounded to subrounded
pebbles and boulders, mostly of gray, white, black, green, and red chert
and less abundant limestone and dolomite. Deposits from sources in
Cretaceous limestone contain abundant limestone pebbles. Locally include
a few pebbles of dark-olive siltstone, hard quartzite, volcanic rock,
porphyry, milky quartz, banded chalcedony, and various Precambrian
igneous and metamorphic rocks. Caps upland flats and stream divides.
Thickness commonly 1-2 m, but where underlain by Permian rocks
containing salt beds, thickness varies abruptly and is as much as 25 m
where deposit has filled depressions formed by collapse of the beds
following dissolution of the salt
och EOLIAN AND ALLUVIAL SAND, SILT, AND CLAY (Tule Formation in
Texas)-White to gray, brownish-red. or reddish-gray. silty, fine to medium
quartz sand, greenish-gray silt and clay, and thin-bedded lacustrine
limestone. Sand is massive to thin bedded and contains caliche nodules;
silt and clay are indistinctly bedded and locally bentonitic. Where
bentonitic, expands when wet. contracts when dry. Pebbly gravel present
at base of deposit. Lava Creek B volcanic ash bed (0.61 Ma) occurs locally
at top of unit. Upper(?) Cerro Toledo volcanic ash bed (age 1.2340.02
Ma), downwind equivalent of the Cerro Toledo Rhyolite, occurs in lower
part of map unit in canyon of Tule Creek. Contains molluscan and
vertebrate fauna. Exposed in slopes of canyon reentrants in the High
Plains. Thickness as much as 28 m

PLIOCENE

LACUSTRINE SAND. CLAY, AND LIMESTONE (Blanco Formation in
Texas)—White to light-gray, massive to well-bedded, fine to medium
quartz sand; gray to light-greenish-gray, calcareous, diatomaceous, silty to
sandy, bentonitic clay: and white, hard, flaggy, thin-bedded, freshwater
limestone. Sand becomes increasingly gravelly toward margin of basin.
Boundary between Blanco Formation and overlying Blackwater Draw
Formation at Mount Blanco revised by Holliday (1988). Contains the
Mount Blanco volcanic ash bed (Izett, 1981). A possible equivalent of this
ash at the 111 Ranch fossil locality in Arizona was fission-track dated at
2.3240.15 My by J.J. Dickson (Izett, 1981). Entire map unit has reversed
magnetic polarity (Lindsay and others, 1975) and is considered to
represent the lower part of the Matuyama Reversed Polarity Chron (base
2.48 Ma). Mount Blanco volcanic ash bed overlies bone beds that contain
the Blancan local fauna, the type fauna for the Blancan Land Mammal
age. Occupies basins developed in Ogallala Formation, and is believed to
have been deposited in a seasonal to semipermanent lake that existed
between periods of dessication in an arid to semiarid climate. Preserved
in cliffs along eastern escarpment of High Plains, chiefly in Blanco
Canyon of the White River northeast of Lubbock. Thickness 19-24 m

QUATERNARY AND TERTIARY

| LIMONITIC SANDY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Light-gray, yellowish-
brown or dark-reddish-brown, clayey to silty, fine to medium quartz sand:

cemented by limonite or containing irregular masses, nodules, and veins of
limonite. Claystone fragments locally abundant. Grades down into
sandstone, shale, and siltstone. Mapped areas commonly include local
colluvium, alluvium, and bedrock outcrops. Thickness 1-10 m

QUARTZ SAND DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Pale-gray to reddish-
brown, and reddish-yellow, slightly silty to clayey, coarse to medium quartz
sand, locally pebbly. Includes abundant muscovite. Contains irregular,
hard, limonite-cemented masses and limonite nodules and veins. Grades
down into friable to locally cemented sandstone, and, in a few places, into
pebble conglomerate or claystone. Mapped areas include broad, low
Holocene dunes derived or reworked from the residuum, local small areas
of calcium-carbonate-cemented sandy clay residuum, thin colluvium of
limonite-cemented rubble, and bedrock outcrops. Thickness commonly
1-3 m; locally 6-8 m

SANDY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM®—Brown to dark-grayish- or olive-
brown, medium to fine sandy loam, very locally silty clay loam; contains
angular fragments of sandstone, limestone, or chips of shale. Grades
down through fragmented zone into underlying bedrock. Mapped areas
include locally derived colluvium and alluvium. Mapped only in Oklahoma
in northeast part of quadrangle. Thickness 0.5-2 m

CLAYEY SAND AND SANDY CLAY DECOMPOSITON RESIDUUM?—
Gray, light-brown, orange, or brown, clayey, fine to medium quartz sand
to fine sandy silty clay; locally contains subrounded sandstone pebbles.
Present only in southeast corner of quadrangle. Mapped areas commonly
include some colluvium and small bedrock outcrops. Thickness 1-3

FINE SANDY, SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Light- to
reddish-brown very fine sand and silty clay; gray clay; some gravel. Clasts
chiefly sandstone; a few of limestone. Mapped areas include colluvium and
bedrock outcrops. Thickness 0.5-2 m

(lay ] CLAYEY SILT TO SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Reddish-

to dark-grayish-brown or dark-gray fine clayey silt to silty clay; locally
calcareous. Contains small chips of shale and fragments of limestone and
chert, or sandstone; local iron-manganese concretions. Grades down
through fragmented zone into bedrock, mostly shale and limestone, locally
minor sandstone. Mapped areas include bedrock outcrops on steep slopes
and locally derived colluvium. Thickness 0.25-2 m

FINE SANDY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Reddish-brown to
brown, fine sandy loam, locally clayey loam; slightly acid to moderately
alkaline. Grades down through weathered rock into bedrock, mostly red,
fine-grained sandstone interbedded with minor siltstone, and shale.
Commonly thinned by slope erosion and deflation. Mapped areas include
bedrock outcrops, minor alluvium, and local colluvium on steep slopes.
Thickness less than 3 m

CLAY LOAM AND FINE SANDY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM3—
Reddish- to dark-brown or brown clay loam and silty to fine sandy loam.
Sand mostly quartz and feldspar. Clay loam grades down into soft, red
shale. Silty to sandy loam grades down through weathered, fractured rock
into red or pink, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of siltstone.
Residuum commonly thinned by slope erosion and deflation. Mapped
areas include bedrock outcrops, minor alluvium, and local colluvium on
steep slopes. Mapped only in Oklahoma. Thickness as much as 3 m

SANDY CLAY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Brown to reddish-
brown, fine sandy loam to fine sandy clay loam derived from underlying
red, fine-grained sandstone, shale, and dolomite. Includes scattered
decomposed to near-fresh rock fragments that become more numerous in
lower part. Grades into bedrock through zone of weathered rock. Mapped
areas include locally derived colluvium and minor local alluvium. Thickness

1-1.5m

eee RED CLAY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM? WITH LOCAL GYPSUM
RUBBLE—Reddish- to dark-brown or brownish-gray clay loam, locally silt
loam; grades down through zone of broken rock into hard shale, limestone,
dolomite, or siltstone. Contact with limestone and dolomite is abrupt and
shows evidence of solution. Sinkholes and areas of partly dissolved gypsum
rubble in places. Mantled with thin loess. Mapped areas include minor
alluvium and local colluvium on steep slopes. Mapped only in Oklahoma.
Thickness less than 3 m over shale; less than 2 m over limestone

aa

(MY smectic ctay_ Decomposimion —RESIDUUM*—Yellouish-gray,
greenish-gray, light-gray, or gray clay and sand. Locally contains
calcareous nodules. Clay is smectite; expands when wet; shrinks and
cracks, forming structures called gilgai, when dry. Residuum grades down
into marine clay, marl, calcareous sandstone, or limestone. Mapped only
in Texas in southeast part of quadrangle. Mapped areas commonly include
colluvium and small bedrock outcrops. Thickness 1-2 m
SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Black to dark-gray or dark-
brown silty clay; light to reddish brown where oxidized; silty clay to fine
sandy clay developed from hard calcium carbonate or calcium carbonate
impregnated sandy clay at contact with underlying bedrock. Clay is
strongly smectitic; expands when wet, shrinks and cracks, forming
structures called gilgai, when dry. Mapped areas include local colluvium
and bedrock outcrops. Thickness 0.5-1 m, locally 2m
(BM) sanv. crave, SILT. AND CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Derk-
gray, olive-gray, or grayish- to reddish-brown clay loam, silt loam, fine to
medium sand, or clayey sandy gravel; contains both calcium carbonate
concretions and limonite concretions. Sand chiefly quartz; gravel, 2-10 cm
in diameter, contains clasts of novaculite, quartz, quartzite, and sandstone.
Clay is mostly smectite; expands when wet and shrinks when dried.
Mapped areas include local alluvium, colluvium, and bedrock outcrops.
Thickness 0.5-2 m
GAM ce ano sity ciay Decomposition RESIDUUM!—Gravish- to
yellowish-brown or brown clay to silty loam, locally mottled; fine sandy
loam in places; grades down into soft shale or fractured fine-grained
sandstone or siltstone. Occurs only in Oklahoma in northeastern part of
quadrangle. Mapped areas include bedrock outcrops, minor alluvium, and
local colluvium. Colluvium contains as much as 15 percent sandstone and
shale fragments less than 25 cm long. and may be as thick as 2 m on
lower slopes. Thickness commonly 0.5-2 m
SANDY CLAY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM?—Light- to reddish-
brown sandy clay loam, locally clay loam or silty clay loam. Includes
scattered calcareous nodules and ferruginous concretions weathered from
bedrock. Also includes some platy sandstone fragments and a few chert
clasts. Grades down into underlying bedrock through fragmented zone.
Mapped areas include bedrock outcrops and minor colluvium. Thickness
1-2m
SILTY CLAY DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM? AND CHERTY CLAY
SOLUTION RESIDUUM‘—Reddish-brown or dark-grayish-brown to light-
brown, silty to clayey, locally loamy, slightly acid residuum derived from
alternating beds of shale and locally cherty limestone. Grades down
through fragmented zone into bedrock. Decomposition residuum
commonly contains shale fragments: solution residuum, abundant chert
and partly dissolved limestone fragments. On steep slopes, mapped areas
include bedrock outcrops and locally derived colluvium. Thickness 0.5-5 m
CLAY LOAM AND CHANNERY LOAM DECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM®?
AND SOLUTION RESIDUUM‘*—Pale- to dark-grayish-brown loam. clay
loam, and channery loam, locally calcareous. Occurs around Arbuckle
Mountains in Oklahoma in central-eastern part of quadrangle. Solution
residuum overlies limestone, contains scattered fragments of solution-
surfaced limestone, and extends down along fractures in underlying bedrock.
In places the residuum contains rounded limestone pebbles derived from
beds of limestone conglomerate and, along northern edge of Arbuckle
Mountains, pebbles of granite, feldspar, and vein quartz derived from an
underlying bedrock conglomerate. Channery loam is developed from shale,
contains abundant shale chips, and grades down abruptly into unweathered
shale. Mapped areas include locally derived colluvium and minor alluvium.
Thickness as much as 2 m on limestone, commonly 0.5-1 m on shale
[RRA cerry catcareous CLAY SOLUTION RESIDUUM'—Light-reddish-
brown to red clay, silty clay, or sandy clay developed from limestone, marl,
clay, or soft sandstone. Where developed from limestone, contains
abundant solution-rounded subangular limestone fragments and scattered
chert. In places, secondary platy calcium carbonate present in lower 0.5
m. Contact with underlying limestone sharp but penetrated along fractures
by residuum. Contact with underlying marl, clay, or soft sandstone
gradational. Mapped areas include numerous bedrock exposures, chiefly
limestone, and colluvium on steep to moderate slopes of valleys that
dissect the limestone. Thickness 0.2-2 m
[ERRMMM stony catcareous CLAY SOLUTION RESIDUUM‘—Chielly dark
reddish-brown, pale-brown, to grayish-brown clay. in places enclosing
areas of loamy residuum. Where underlain by limestone, lower part of
residuum is in abrupt contact with zone of clay and remnant solution-
rounded limestone fragments comprising 30-80 percent of the material.
The fragment zone grades down into fractured limestone bedrock. Where
underlain by shale, residuum and shale are in abrupt gradational contact:
where underlain by chalk or marl, contact is more gradational. Mapped
areas include bedrock outcrops and, where slopes are steep to moderate,
accumulations of pale-brown, calcareous loamy colluvium, 1-2 m_ thick,
that contains abundant fragments of limestone, shale, and secondary
calcium carbonate. Thickness of residuum 1-2 m
[UG retosratiic sanby FINE GRUS*—Pink-tan, angular fragments 2-4 mm
in diameter, in clayey, medium to very coarse sand matrix. Fragments
composed of quartz, feldspar, and biotite in combination or as individual
crystals weathered from granite, gneiss, and schist. Mapped areas
commonly include colluvium and local bedrock outcrops. Thickness 1-2 m

ICOLLUVIUM, for purposes of this map, is defined as material transported and deposited by
mass-wasting processes.

2DISINTEGRATION RESIDUUM, for purposes of this map. is defined as material derived by the
piece;meal breaking up of rock into particles with no appreciable lateral transport.

SDECOMPOSITION RESIDUUM, for purposes of this map. is defined as material derived
primarily by in-place chemical weathering of clastic rock with no appreciable subsequent lateral
trans]

rt.
SOLUTION RESIDUUM., for purposes of this map. is defined as material derived by in-place
solution of carbonate rock or carbonate-cemented rock, with no appreciable subsequent lateral
transport.

GRUS, for purposes of this map, is defined as material derived by in-place chemical and
physical weathering of crystalline rock with no appreciable subsequent lateral transport.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION
OKLAHOMA

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mostly 1:250,000.

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Geological Survey Circular 47, 74 p.

Burwell, A.L., 1949, Cellular products from Oklahoma volcanic ash, with a section on
Geology and petrology by W.E. Ham: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 27, 89 p.

Carr, J.E., and Bergman, D.L., 1976, Reconnaissance of the water resources of the
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Fay, R.O., Ham, W.E., Bado, J.T., and Jordan, Louise, 1962, Geology and mineral
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252 p.

Fay, R.O., and Hart, D.L., dr., 1978, Geology and mineral resources (exclusive of
petroleum) of Custer County, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 114,
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Frederickson, E.A., Redman, R.H., and Westheimer, J.M., 1965, Geology and petroleum
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Gray, Fenton, and Galloway, H.M., 1969, Soils of Oklahoma: Stillwater, Oklahoma State
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Ham, W.E., 1969, Regional geology of the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma: Oklahoma
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1973, Regional geology of the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma [Field trip 5,
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Huckleberry Ridge, Mesa Falls. and Lava Creek ash beds (Pearlette family ash beds) of
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100, p. 392-401.

QUATERNARY GEOLOGIC ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES
DALLAS 4° x 6° QUADRANGLE

MISCELLANEOUS INVESTIGATIONS SERIES

MAP I-1420 (NI-14)

am

Holocene

tate Wisconsin Wisconsin
Late Pleistocene
Ilinoian

‘ 4 QUATERNARY

Middle Pleistocene

Early Pleistocene
J J

Pliocene and Older Cenozoic | TERTIARY

Merritt, C.A., 1957, Igneous geology of the Lake Altus area: Oklahoma Geological Survey
Bulletin 76, 70 p.

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sections on Oil and gas by G.S. Dille and Water resources by J.H. Warren: Oklahoma
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1959, Geology and mineral resources of Creek County, Oklahoma, with a section
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Ries, R.E., 1955, Geology and mineral resources of Okfuskee County, Oklahoma:
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Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 42, 64 p.

Tanner, W.F., 1956, Geology of Seminole County, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological
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Counties, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 71, 75 p.

Unpublished and published County soil surveys by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service in
cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

TEXAS

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Texas High Plains, Armstrong to Howard Counties: Texas Bureau of Economic
Geology Report of Investigations 32, 62 p.

1963, Pleistocene geology of Red River basin in Texas: Texas Bureau of Economic
Geology Report of Investigations 49, 48 p.

Gustavson, T.C., ed., 1986, Geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphy of the Rolling
Plains, Texas Panhandle: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Guidebook 22, 97 p.
——chairman, 1987, Symposium on the Quaternary Blackwater Draw and Tertiary
Ogallala Formations. Nebraska Academy of Sciences Institute for Tertiary-Quaternary
(TER-QUA) Studies, Lubbock, Texas, October 1-4, 1987: Texas Bureau of Economic

Geology, Program with Abstracts, 31 p.

Gustavson, T.C., Finley, R.J., and Baumgardner, R.W., Jr., 1981, Retreat of the Caprock
Escarpment and denudation of the Rolling Plains of the Texas Panhandle: Association
of Engineering Geologists Bulletin, v. 28, no. 4, p. 413-422.

Gustavson, T.C., Finley, R.J.. and McGillis, K.A.. 1980. Regional dissolution of Permian
salt in the Anadarko, Dalhart, and Palo Duro Basins of the Texas Panhandle: Texas
Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations 106, 40 p.

Gustavson, T.C., and Holliday, V.T., 1985. Depositional architecture of the Quaternary
Blackwater Draw and Tertiary Ogallala Formations, Texas Panhandle and eastern
New Mexico: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Open-File Report WTWI-1985-23,
92 p.

Gustavson, T.C., Simpkins, W.W., Alhades, Alan. and Hoadley. Ann, 1982, Evaporite
dissolution and development of karst features on the Rolling Plains of the Texas
Panhandle: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Journal, v. 7, p. 545-563.

Holliday, V.T., ed., 1983, Guidebook to the central Llano Estacado: Lubbock, Texas,
Texas Tech University and The Museum of Texas Tech University, International
Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Land Studies, 165 p.

1987, Re-examination of late Pleistocene boreal forest reconstructions for the

southern High Plains: Quaternary Research, v. 28, p. 238-244.

1988, Mt. Blanco revisited--Soil-geomorphic implications for the ages of the upper

Cenozoic Blanco and Blackwater Draw Formations: Geology, v. 16, p. 505-508.

1989, The Blackwater Draw Formation (Quaternary)—A 1.4-plus-m.y. record of
eolian sedimentation and soil formation on the southern High Plains: Geological
Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 1598-1607.

Holliday, V.T., and Gustavson, T.C.. 1991, Quaternary geology of the southern High
Plains, in Morrison, R.B., ed., Quaternary nonglacial geology of the conterminous
United States: Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. K-2.

Izett, G.A., 1981, Volcanic ash beds—Recorders of upper Cenozoic silicic pyroclastic
volcanism in the western United States: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 86, no.
B11, p. 10200-10222.

Izett, G.A., Obradovich, J.D., Naeser, C.W., and Cebula, G.T., 1981, Potassium-argon
and fission-track zircon ages of Cerro Toledo Rhyolite tephra in the Jemez Mountains,
New Mexico, in Shorter contributions to isotope research in the western United
States, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1199-D, p. 37—43.

Izett, G.A., and Wilcox, R.E., 1982, Map showing localities and inferred distributions of
the Huckleberry Ridge, Mesa Falls, and Lava Creek ash beds (Pearlette family ash
beds) of Pliocene and Pleistocene age in the Western United States and southern
Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1325,
scale 1:4,000.000.

Izett, G.A., Wilcox, R.E., and Borchardt, G.A.. 1972. Correlation of a volcanic ash bed in
Pleistocene deposits near Mount Blanco, Texas, with the Guaje pumice bed of the
Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: Quaternary Research, v. 2, no. 4, p. 554-578.

Lindsay, E.H., Johnson. N.M., and Opdyke, N.D., 1975, Preliminary correlation of North
American land mammal ages and geomagnetic chronology, in Smith, G.R., and
Friedland, N.E., eds., Studies on Cenozoic paleontology and _ stratigraphy in honor of
Claude W. Hibbard: Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology
Papers on Paleontology 12, p. 111-119.

Machenberg, M.D., 1986, Stop 9—Eolian deflation and deposition, Texas Panhandle, in
Gustavson, T.C., ed., Geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphy of the Rolling
Plains, Texas Panhandle: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Guidebook 22, p.
41-44.

Osterkamp, W.R., and Wood. W.W., 1987. Playa-lake basins on the southern High Plains
of Texas and New Mexico—Part 1, Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence
for their development: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 215-223.

Plummer, F.B., 1932, Cenozoic systems in Texas, part 3, in The geology of Texas: Texas
Bureau of Economic Geology Bulletin 3232, p. 729-795.

Reeves, C.C., Jr., 1976, Quaternary stratigraphic and geologic history of southern High
Plains, Texas and New Mexico, in Mahaney, W.C.. ed., Quaternary stratigraphy of
North America: Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, Dowden, Hutchinson, and Ross, p.
213-234.

Schultz, G.E., ed., 1977, Guidebook—Field conference on late Cenozoic biostratigraphy
of the Texas Panhandle and adjacent Oklahoma, August 4-6, 1977: Canyon, Texas,
West Texas State University Department of Geology and Anthropology Special
Publication 1, 145 p.

1986, Stop 18—Biostratigraphy and volcanic ash deposits of the Tule Formation,
Briscoe County, Texas, in Gustavson. T.C., ed., Geomorphology and Quaternary
stratigraphy of the Rolling Plains, Texas Panhandle: Texas Bureau of Economic
Geology Guidebook 22, p. 82-84.

Seni, S.J., 1980, Sand-body geometry and depositional systems, Ogallala Formation,
Texas: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations 105, 36 p.

Simpkins, W.W. and Gustavson, T.C., 1985, Late Pleistocene to Holocene channel
aggradation, Tierra Blanco Creek. southern High Plains, Texas Panhandle:
Geological Society of American Abstracts with Programs, v. 17, p. 192.

Stricklin, F.L., Jr., 1961, Degrational stream deposits of the Brazos River, central Texas:
Geological Society of American Bulletin 72, p. 19-36.

Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, 1967, Geologic atlas of Texas, Lubbock sheet: Texas
Bureau of Economic Geology. scale 1:250,000.

1967, Geologic atlas of Texas, Sherman sheet: Texas Bureau of Economic

Geology, scale 1:250,000.

1968, Geologic atlas of Texas, Plainview sheet: Texas Bureau of Economic

Geology, scale 1:250,000.

1969, Geologic atlas of Texas, Amarillo sheet: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology,

scale 1:250,000.

1972, Geologic atlas of Texas, Abilene sheet: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology,

scale 1:250,000.

1972, Geologic atlas of Texas, Dallas sheet: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology,

scale 1:250,000.

1974, Geologic atlas of Texas, Big Spring sheet: Texas Bureau of Economic

Geology, scale 1:250,000.

1987, Geologic atlas of Texas, Wichita Falls-Lawton sheet: Texas Bureau of
Economic Geology, scale 1:250,000.

Wood, W.W., and Ostercamp, W.R.. 1987, Playa-lake basins on the southern High Plains
of Texas and New Mexico—Part 2, A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments
for their development: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 224-230.

Unpublished and published County soil surveys by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service in
cooperation with Texas Agricultural Experiment Station

Unpublished information and helpful comments relative to the eolian, alluvial, residual, and
colluvial deposits of Texas were provided by T.C. Gustavson and Tucker Hentz, Texas
Bureau of Economic Geology: Reid Ferring, University of North Texas; and V.T.
Holliday, University of Wisconsin.

For sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,
Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225