# Appendix

## Albania: Table 1. Metric ConversionCoofficients and Factors

| When you kow                 | Multiply by   | To find            |
|------------------------------|---------------|--------------------|
| Millimeters                  | 0.04          | inches             |
| Centimeters                  | 0.39          | inches             |
| Meters                       | 3.3           | feet               |
| Kilometers                   | 0.62          | miles              |
| Hectares                     | 2.47          | acres              |
| Square kilometers            | 0.39          | square miles       |
| Cubic meters                 | 35.3          | cubic feet         |
| Liters                       | 0.26          | gallons            |
| Kilograms                    | 2.2           | pounds             |
| Metric tons                  | 0.98          | long tons          |
|                              | 1.1           | shorttons          |
|                              | 2,204         | pounds             |
| Degrees Celsius (Centigrade) | 1.8 andadd 32 | degrees Fahrenheit |

## Albania: Table 2. Population of Largest Citiesand Towns, 1987

| City or Town | Population | City orTown   | Population |
|--------------|------------|---------------|------------|
| Tiran�       | 226,000    | Berat         | 40,500     |
| Durr�s       | 78,700     | Fier          | 40,300     |
| Elbasan      | 78,300     | Lushnj�       | 26,900     |
| Shkod�r      | 76,300     | Kavaj�        | 24,200     |
| Vlor�        | 67,700     | Gjirokast�r   | 23,800     |
| Kor��        | 61,500     | Ku�ov�        | 20,600     |

Source: Based on information from *Vjetari Statistiskor iR.P.S. T� Shqip�ris�, 1988* (Statistical Yearbook of thePeoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiran�, 1988, 26-28.Albania: Table 3. Structure of Realized NetMaterial Product by Sector, Selected Years, 1938-83**(in percentages, using 1981prices)***Sector193819501960197019801983Agriculture93.173.237.634.232.734.1Industry3.87.018.628.243.643.3Construction0.83.16.57.16.77.8Services2.316.737.330.517.014.8TOTAL100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
* Net material product--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit,*Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91,* London,1990, 37.Albania: Table 4. Key Economic Indicators,1961-88**(in percentage average annualincrease)**1961-701971-801981-88Net material product17.44.61.72Global social product8.35.42.22Net material product per capita4.42.2-0.3Gross industrial production9.87.52.8Industrial labor productivity31.51.8-1.3Gross agricultural production6.03.81.5Agricultural labor productivity31.0-0.2-2.0Freight transportation49.06.70.8Gross investment8.44.91.5Retail sales55.74.63.4
1 Net material product--see Glossary.2 Estimated.3 Labor productivity is defined as grossproduction per employee.4 Domestic transportation by road, rail, and seaas measured in ton-kilometers.5 At current prices.
Sources: Based on information from Per Sandstrom and �rjanSj�berg, ""Albanian Economic Performance: Stagnation in the1980s,"" *Soviet Studies* [Glasgow], 43, No. 5, 1991, 937.Albania: Table 5. Net Material Product byBranch of Origin, 1986, 1988, and 1990**(in millions of leks)***Branch of Origin198619881990Net industrial production20,12820,82120,033Net agricultural production8,8288,3768,591Construction2,8612,8512,820Transportation971991904Domestic trade892848788Foreign trade727720777Other355348365TOTAL34,76234,95534,278
* For value of the lek--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from Anders Aslund and �rjanSj�berg, ""Privatization and Transition to a Market Economy inAlbania,"" *Communist Economics and EconomicTransformation* [Abingdon, United Kingdom], 4, No. 1, 1992,137.Albania: Table 6. Structure of Work Force bySector, Selected Years, 1960-87**(in percentages)**Sector19601970198019851987Agriculture55.652.251.451.352.0Industry15.119.221.822.322.9Construction11.49.99.18.07.1Transportation and communications2.02.32.52.92.9Trade5.95.94.84.84.6Education and culture3.44.74.64.54.4Health2.72.63.02.82.9Other3.93.22.83.43.2TOTAL100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
Source: Based on information from *Vjetari Statistiskor iR.P.S. T� Shqip�ris�, 1988* (Statistical Yearbook of thePeoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiran�, 1988, 69.Albania: Table 7. Primary Agricultural Output,Selected Years, 1979-88**(in thousands of tons)**Product1979-811198519871988Wheat492530565589Corn318400320306All cereals9161,0551,0101,024Potatoes112136135137Meat252545556Vegetables (including melons)193186188188Tomatoes44474848Fruit (excluding melons)156193210216Sugar beets298320360360Milk326342346347Eggs1013.213.214
1 Annual averages.2 Beef, mutton, and pork.
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit,*Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91,* London,1990, 40.Albania: Table 8. Structure of Industry,Selected Years, 1950-88**(in percentages)**Product195019601970198019851988Food64.143.530.425.625.324.7Oil18.815.514.99.25.75.2Light industry7.821.619.915.516.316.2Wood and paper6.711.28.05.85.85.1Building materials3.34.75.67.96.35.8Engineering3.12.97.612.514.714.5Copper2.20.85.26.47.68.8Chromite2.12.01.31.71.72.0Printing1.60.80.90.80.70.7Coal1.41.61.51.31.71.7Electric power0.51.12.03.62.93.1Chemicals0.30.63.34.75.55.9Glass and ceramies---0.20.60.80.80.9Iron and metallurgyn.a.1.32.23.03.43.8Other1.50.20.31.11.21.5TOTAL*100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
---means negligible.n.a.--not available.*Figures may not add to 100 percent because of rounding orbecause of unverified information in source.
Source: Based on information from *Vjetari Statistiskor iR.P.S. T� Shqip�ris�, 1988* (Statistical Yearbook of thePeoples Socialist Republic of Albania, 1988), Tiran�, 1988.Albania: Table 9. Output of Main IndustrialProducts, 1980, 1985, and 1988**(in thousands of tons unless otherwiseindicated)**Product198019851988Electric power (in millions of kilowatt-hours)3,7173,1473,984Blister copper9.81115Copper wire and cable5.79.4116Carbonic ferrochrome12.211.938.7Metallurgical coke173250291Rolled wrought steel9610796Phosphate fertilizer150157165Ammonium nitrate1099596Urea887877Sulfuric acid727381Caustic soda252931Soda ash232222Machinery and equipment (in millions of leks)*350465496Spare parts (in millions of leks)*327407493Cement826642746Bricks and tiles (in millions of pieces)294295319Refractory bricks (in millions of pieces)4.82830Heavy cloth (in millions of meters)12.512.311.3Knitwear (in millions of pieces)9.81112.1Footwear (in thousands of pairs)4,7354,8005,396Television receivers (in thousands)2121.316.5Radio receivers (in thousands)81625Cigarettes (in millions of pieces)4,9505,3485,310Soap and detergent14.718.221.5
* For value of the lek--see Glossary.
Source: Based on information from *The Europa World YearBook, 1991,* 1, London, 1991, 301.Albania: Table 10. Production of Energy andMineral Ores, Selected Years, 1980-88**(in thousands of tons unless otherwiseindicated)**Product198019841985198619871988EnergyCoal1,4182,0102,1002,2302,1302,184Crude oil1,900*1,300*1,200*1,400*1,2001,200*Electricity (in gigawatt-hours)3,7173,8003,1475,0704,200*3,984OresChromite1,0049601,1111,2071,0801,109Copper7691,0079891,0241,1601,087Ferronickel5971,080905n.a.9701,067
n.a.--not available.* Estimated.
Sources: Based on information from Per Sandstrom and �rjanSj�berg, ""Albanian Economic Performance: Stagnation in the1980s,"" *Soviet Studies* [Glasgow], 43, No. 5, 1991, 941.Albania: Table 11. Major Trading Partners,1982-87**(in millions of United Statesdollars)**Country198219831984198519861987ImportsYugoslavia745043424637*Italy42282715926Bulgaria23n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.Romania1927202223*25*West Germany171715132116France168121576Poland15151112*12*13*Greece13181035614*Hungary1298101113China47261319United States343442Britainn.a.n.a.2n.a.n.a.n.a.ExportsYugoslavia743846414749West Germany362214161816Italy322722202134Romania2730252728*31*Bulgaria23n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.Poland18181213*14*15*United States17491253Greece1287964*Hungary11108101413France915281768Britain856744Chinan.a.4310915
n.a.--not available.* Estimated.
Source: Based on information from Economist Intelligence Unit,*Country Profile: Bulgaria, Albania, 1990-91,* London, 1990,47; and International MonetaryFund, *Direction of Trade Statistics,* Washington, n.d.Albania: Table 12. Major Imports, SelectedYears, 1970-88**(in percentages)**Product19701975198019851988Capital goods32.845.221.725.131.5Spare parts7.23.82.55.34.8Fuels and minerals21.621.435.827.023.1Chemicals9.48.314.914.112.7Building materials1.80.92.61.40.1Nonedible agricultural products14.711.313.512.813.5Foodstuffs3.45.04.08.38.1Consumer goods7.74.15.06.06.2TOTAL*100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
* Figures may not add to total because of rounding.
Source: Based on information from Gramoz Pashko, ""TheAlbanian Economy at the Beginning of the 1990s,"" in �rjanSj�berg and Michael L. Wyzan (eds.), *Economic Change in theBalkan States: Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia,*London, 1991, 137.Albania: Table 13. Major Exports, SelectedYears, 1970-88**(in percentages)**Product19701975198019851988Fuels27.425.729.015.17.9Electric powern.a.2.99.17.87.3Minerals and metals31.126.924.531.539.8Chemicals1.20.31.20.70.8Building materials0.10.71.51.01.5Nonedible agricultural products13.19.410.414.616.1Processed foods15.115.58.410.88.7Unprocessed foods4.46.35.48.18.2Consumer goods7.612.310.510.79.7TOTAL*100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
n.a.--not available.* Figures may not add to total because of rounding.
Source: Based on information from Gramoz Pashko, ""TheAlbanian Economy at the Beginning of the 1990s,"" in �rjanSj�berg and Michael L. Wyzan (eds.), *Economic Change in theBalkan States: Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia,*London, 1991, 137.