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Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI)
S ^q

(SkS1-CR-17545`)) YEGFTATICN INALYSIS iCA NE5-1S500

1EID LANDS GBC8CTINY fical Fepert

r (California Univ.) 35 p EC AC3 /[7F AJl

$ CSCI 08E Unclas

G3/43 14307

• Final Report

Vegetation Analysis for Arid Lands Geobotany

Michael G. Barbour, Principal Investigator

s

Susan L. Ustin, Research Associate

}

Contract U 

'5i 

S

y'v^ --2-

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Pasadena, CA 91109

Department of Botany

University of California

Davis, CA 95616

`^'.?l II^GF^^'

This report was prepared for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,

California Institute of Technology, sponsored by the National.

Aeronautics and Space Administration.
L' Site selection

Three primary study sites were selected for measurement of plant

phenological properties and spectral analysis. The sites selected represented

typical sagebrush, creosote bush and saltbush communities in Owens Valley.

They were located close to man-made features for identification on remotely

sensed images buz showed little evidence of recent disturbance.

The saltbush site, located near Dirty Socks springs at the southern

end of Owens Lake, is at 4,000 ft. elevation. This site, actually two

subsites located about 2 miles apart, is representative of the saltbush flora

commonly found in saline or alkaline areas. We identifie' for study five

species which were the most abundant species and which exhibited contrasting

leaf morphologies of potential spectral interest. The morphological

characteristics of these species were matched with species having similar or

contrasting morphologies at the other sites. It was hoped this would allow

some preliminary assessment of the significance of these features in remotely

sensed data.

The other study sites are located on S.erran fans at 4,500 ft. The

creosote bush site, west of Cartago, CA, represents the northernmost extreme

of this vegetation type, in the transition zone between Mojave and Great Basin

floras. While most members of this community are typical of the Mojave

province (although the sagebrush along the stream channel is not), the low

abundance of creosote bush is somewhat anomalous compared to more centrally

located stands in its range. The presence of sagebrush at this site is

obviously influenced by the stream; however, it allows an opportunity for us

to determine if its presence can be identified in remotely sensed data. The

abundance of Haplopappus Cooperi aid Chrysothamnus terettfolius at both fan

localities permits further such comparisons between sites.

The sagebrush site is located west of Independence, CA within the

upper fan zone which includes Purshla and Coleogyne. This vegetal{on type is

extensive at this elevation within the valley and is the most comnon type

represented on the numerous burns north and south of Independence. (Many of

these fires were intentionally set by ranchers to remove Coleogyne from range

land.) This site gave us an opportunity to compare phenological status as

well as a control locality for comparisons between cover and species

composition in assessment of revegetation and associated spectral changes

after fire.

In addition to the primary study localities we have been measuring

cover and species composition at five different aged burns. Four of these

have baen on granitic alluvium and one on a volcanic substrate having a very

different albedo.

Selection of these sites has permitted us to make phenological and

morphological comparisons that will be used in subsequent analysis and

modeling of spectral characteristics within and between the three vegetation

types.
.l

t

I1. Soil analysis

Arrangements have been made with Mr. Fred Fischer of the Soil

Conservation Service, in Bishop, CA, to map our soils. The service will do a

complete map, including a textural and chemical analysis. In the fall we have

arranged to rent a back-hoe so that they can map the soil profile through the

root zone. We will use this opportunity to examine the root distribution of

the study species through the soil profile. This information will be used in

interpreting and modeling shoot water content and water movement from the

soil.

III. Collection of leaf and1p ant samples

In May, leaf samples of all species were collected, fixed in

gluteraldehyde, and returned to U.C.D. for analysis. Dr. Leslie Sunell, Dept.

of Botany, is characterizing the morphological characteristics of each leaf

type, using SEM techniques. Samples will be analysed later for elemental

composition using the x-ray microprobe. This technique, if successful, will

be useful in determining the presence and location of inorganic ions within

foliar tissue.

Four to five plants of each species have been transplanted into 6 inch

containers and returned to greenhouses at U.C.D. or the U.C. White Mt. Field

Station. It was necessary to collect these plants now for analysis of

photosynthetic and water relations properties next winter because of the long

time they require to become established.

IV. Results of Phenological Studies

Several phenological characteristics were chosen for measurement.

These included: leader length; % of buds on branches; bud, flower, and fruit

class; % of canopy green and % cover; and % ci leaf senescence. Plant size

was also measured. Although the phenological studies are not completed,

several interesting trends have emerged. Spring growth and leaf senescence

began earliest in the creosote bush community, last in the saltbush community.

Most rapid growth began in late March at all sites. There are differences

between species at all sites, although they appear to be relatively subtle and

may not be detectable by remotely sensed da f .a. However, the timing of leaf

senescence may be more readily observed. There are more obvious differences

between sites and species in this regard. Growth had slowed for most species

by June, with the exception of species in the saltbush community. Flowering

of some species can be expected to alter their spectral responses. This data

will be used to aid interpretation of seasonal patterns in spectral

characteristics. Summaries of the phenological data are included in Appendix

A. Data for each species is presented covering the 1984 growing season.

Column headings indicate the following:

1. "Days" = Number of days since February 25, 1.984

2. "%brown" = Mean percentage of plant surface that was brown (n=10)

on each sample day

3. "%cover" = Mean percentage of ground surface covered by plant

(n = 10) on each sample day

4. "leadr,mm" Mean length of leader growth (n = 10 leaders from 10

p

-

i
6

shrubs)

Plot headings are indicated:

1. On multiple plots, "A" = "%brown", "B" _ "%cover"

2. Single plots indicate "leader length"

3. Days are always indicated on the x-axis.

Data for the following species are lncli.ded:

Sagebr

a.

b.

C.

d.

e.

ush site

Artemesta tridentate

Chrysothamnus teretifolius

Coleogyne ramosissima

Eriogonum fasiculatum

Purshia glandulosa

2. Creosote bush site

a. Artemesia tridentate

b. Encelta virginensts

c. Grayia s i ^ nosa

d. Franseria dumosa

e. Larrea divaricata

3. Saltbush site

a. Atriplex canescens

b. Atriplex Parryi

c. Disttchlis spicata

d. Sarcobatus ver,niculatus

e. Suaeda ramosissima

V. Results of Vegetation Analysis

Community composition has been studied at these three sites plus five

burned sites. Ten 50 m transects at each locality have been measured for

percent cover (over 10 cm) by species. On each transect we have conduced 2

point quarter and 5 nearest neighbor analyses. These data gave us % cover,

cover by area, plant size, tendency for association, and reco'.onization

patterns after a disturbance. These data will be used for assessment of

changes in species composition and plant densiLy on spectral response. These

data are also necessary for predictive analyses and modeling of the spectral

responses of vegetation. Percentage plant cover is shown in Appendec B for

six sites. The column headings indicate the following:

Col. 11 1. "symburn" = Symmes Creek, burned area

2. "symoffb" = Symmes Creek, non-burned area

3. "sagoffb" = Onion Valley Road, non-burned area

4. "sageburn" = Onion Valley Road, burned area

5. "Divcrofb" = Division Creek, non-burned area, granite soil

5. "Creosofb" = Creoiute bush site, non-burned area

7. "Saltbush" = Saltbush site, non-burned area

n,__
Analysis of variance is shown for the following pairs:

1. Symmes Creek burned and non-burned areas (P< .001)

2. Symmes Creek non-burned and Onion Valley non-burned (NS)

3. Onion Valley burned and non-burned areas (P< .005)

4. Onion Valley non-burned and Division Creek non-burned (NS)

5. Symmes Creek burn and Onion Valley bu-n (P< .025)

VI. Summarx of selected phenological data

These data summarize the phenologir,al studies conducted this growing

season. They will be published in an appropriate journal with the spectral

data obtained in the Arid Lands Geobotany project.

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