U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5260

Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete 

Groundwater Quality at and near an Aquifer Storage and 

Recovery Site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, 

Texas, June 2004–September 2011

Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System

Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete 

Groundwater Quality at and near an Aquifer Storage and 

Recovery Site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, 

Texas, June 2004–September 2011
Front cover: The aquifer storage and recovery plant (in background) is located in a rural area of southern 

Bexar County, Texas, on land that is still used mainly for cattle ranching (2011; photograph by Michael B. 

Nyman, U.S. Geological Survey).

Back cover:

Left, U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic technician preparing to sample an injection/recovery well at 

the aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas (2008; photograph by Cassi L. Crow).

Right, Cascading aerator at the aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas (2010; 

photograph by Christopher Langston, San Antonio Water System).
Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and 

Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near 

an Aquifer Storage and Recovery Site, 

Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, 

Texas, June 2004–September 2011

By Cassi L. Crow

Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5260

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012

This and other USGS information products are available at http://store.usgs.gov/

U.S. Geological Survey

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

To learn about the USGS and its information products visit http://www.usgs.gov/

1-888-ASK-USGS

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the 

U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to 

reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Crow, C.L., 2012, Water-level altitudes and continuous and discrete water quality at and near an aquifer storage and 

recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004–September 2011: U.S. Geological Survey 

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5260, 85 p., 7 apps.
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3

Geology and Hydrology........................................................................................................................3

Previous Study.......................................................................................................................................5

Methods of Investigation..............................................................................................................................6

Collection of Continuous Data ............................................................................................................7

Water-Level Altitudes..................................................................................................................7

Water Temperature and Specific Conductance.....................................................................7

Collection and Analysis of Discrete Data ........................................................................................7

Sample Collection........................................................................................................................7

Sample Analysis...........................................................................................................................8

Results Reporting.........................................................................................................................8

Quality Control..............................................................................................................................8

Water-Chemistry and Isotope Analysis..................................................................................11

Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous Groundwater Quality ..............................................................11

Water-Level Altitude...........................................................................................................................11

Water Temperature and Specific Conductance............................................................................14

Discrete Groundwater Quality ..................................................................................................................14

Edwards Aquifer Water Quality........................................................................................................14

Major-Ion Chemistry..................................................................................................................16

Trace-Element Chemistry .........................................................................................................16

Isotopes.......................................................................................................................................19

Preinjection Carrizo Aquifer Water Quality ....................................................................................19

Major-Ion Chemistry..................................................................................................................19

Trace-Element Chemistry .........................................................................................................19

Isotopes.......................................................................................................................................19

Postinjection Carrizo Aquifer Water Quality ..................................................................................19

Major-Ion Chemistry..................................................................................................................19

Trace-Element Chemistry .........................................................................................................23

Isotopes.......................................................................................................................................23

Summary........................................................................................................................................................26

References....................................................................................................................................................28

Appendixes

1. Water-Quality and Isotope Data from Wells Sampled at and near an Aquifer 

Storage and Recovery Site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, 

Texas, 2004–11 ............................................................................................................................31

2. Relative Percent Difference for Duplicate Water-Quality and Isotope 

Data from Wells Sampled at and near an Aquifer Storage and Recovery Site, 

Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11 .....................................................41

3. Daily Mean Water-Level Altitude at U.S. Geological Survey Station 

290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 2009–11 ...............................43

4. Daily Total Volume of Water Injected at an Aquifer Storage and Recovery 

Site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11 .........................................................................................47
iv

5. Daily Total Volume of Water Withdrawn at an Aquifer Storage and Recovery 

Site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11 .........................................................................................57

6. Daily Mean Water Temperature at U.S. Geological Survey Station 

290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 2009–11 ...............................67

7. Daily Mean Specific Conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 

290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 2009–11 ...............................77

Figures

1. Map showing locations of an aquifer storage and recovery site and datacollection sites, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas ..........................................2

2. Map showing outcrops and subcrops of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer and 

Edwards aquifer in Texas, and a generalized hydrogeologic section of the 

water-yielding Carrizo Sand and Wilcox Group and other near-surface 

formations at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, 

and Wilson Counties ...................................................................................................................4

3. Graph showing total daily volume of water injected or withdrawn at an aquifer 

storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11 ..................................................12

4. Graph showing daily mean water-level altitude at U.S. Geological Survey 

station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 2009–11, 

with total daily volume of water injected or withdrawn at an aquifer storage 

and recovery site .......................................................................................................................13

5. Graph showing daily mean water temperature at four depths at U.S. Geological 

Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 

2010–11 ........................................................................................................................................15

6. Graph showing daily mean specific conductance at four depths at U.S. 

Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11, with daily volume of water injected or withdrawn at an aquifer 

storage and recovery site ........................................................................................................17

7. Trilinear diagram showing composition of water samples collected from 

12 wells at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11 ..................................................................18

8. Stiff diagrams showing composition of water samples collected from 12 wells 

at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and 

Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11 .............................................................................................20

9. Graph showing relation between delta deuterium and delta oxygen-18 for 

12 wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11 ..................................................................22
v

Tables

1. Wells from which data were collected at or near an aquifer storage and 

recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11, and the 

sampling years .............................................................................................................................6

2. Depths at which water temperature and specific conductance data were 

collected at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8) 

and period of record for each depth, Bexar County, Texas, August 2009–

September 2011 ............................................................................................................................7

3. Summary of long-term method detection levels and laboratory reporting 

levels for constituents sampled for study of an aquifer storage and recovery 

site, Atascosa, Bexar, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004–July 2011 ........................9

4. Ranges of daily mean water temperature at four depths at U.S. Geological 

Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 

2010–11 ........................................................................................................................................16

5. Ranges of daily mean specific conductance at four depths at U.S. Geological 

Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 

2010–11 ........................................................................................................................................16

6. Dissolved iron and dissolved manganese concentrations in samples from 

10 wells at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, 

and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11, with percent difference between 

concentration in first sample collected at well and subsequent samples ......................24

7. Summary of conditions at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, for dates on which samples were 

collected, 2004–11 .....................................................................................................................26
vi

Conversion Factors

Inch/Pound to SI

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Area

acre 4,047 square meter (m2)

acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)

acre 0.4047 square hectometer (hm2) 

acre 0.004047 square kilometer (km2)

Volume

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) 

million gallons (Mgal) 3,785 cubic meter (m3)

acre-foot (acre-ft) 1,233 cubic meter (m3)

acre-foot (acre-ft) 0.001233 cubic hectometer (hm3) 

Flow rate

gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second (L/s)

million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

SI to Inch/Pound

Multiply By To obtain

Volume

liter (L) 33.82 ounce, fluid (fl. oz)

liter (L) 2.113 pint (pt)

liter (L) 1.057 quart (qt)

liter (L) 0.2642 gallon (gal)

liter (L) 61.02 cubic inch (in3) 

Mass

gram (g) 0.03527 ounce, avoirdupois (oz)

kilogram (kg) 2.205 pound avoirdupois (lb)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: 

°F=(1.8×°C)+32

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).
vii

Water-Quality Units

Concentrations are reported in metric units. Chemical concentrations are reported in milligrams per 

liter (mg/L), micrograms per liter (μg/L), and milliequivalents per liter (meq/L). Milligrams per liter and 

micrograms per liter are units expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as 

weight of solute (milligrams or micrograms) per unit volume (liter) of water. For concentrations less than 

7,000 mg/L, the numerical value of milligrams per liter is equivalent to the concentration in parts per 

million. The numerical value of micrograms per liter is equivalent to the concentration in parts per billion. 

Milliequivalents per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as 

1/1,000 the molecular weight, in milligrams, divided by the valence of one molecule of the constituent per 

unit volume (liter) of water.

Specific conductance is reported in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at 25 °C). 

Turbidity is reported in nephelometric turbidity ratio units (NTRU).

Isotope Unit Explanations 

Per mil: A unit expressing the ratio of stable-isotope abundances of an element in a sample to 

those of a standard material. Per mil units are equivalent to parts per thousand. Stable-isotope 

ratios are computed as follows (Kendall and McDonnell, 1998): 

δX = {(Rsample - Rstandard)/Rstandard} x 1,000,

where 

δ is the “delta” notation, 

X is the heavier stable isotope, and 

R is the ratio of the heavier, less abundant isotope to the lighter, stable isotope in 

a sample or standard. 

The δ values for stable-isotope ratios discussed in this report are referenced to the following 

standard materials: 

Element R Standard identity and reference

Hydrogen Hydrogen-2/hydrogen-1 Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (Fritz and Fontes, 1980)

Oxygen Oxygen-18/oxygen-16 Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (Fritz and Fontes, 1980)

Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete 

Groundwater Quality at and near an Aquifer Storage and 

Recovery Site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, 

Texas, June 2004–September 2011

By Cassi L. Crow

Abstract

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation 

with the San Antonio Water System (SAWS), collected 

data during 2004–11 to characterize the quality of native 

groundwater from the San Antonio segment of the Edwards 

aquifer (hereinafter, Edwards aquifer) and preinjection 

and postinjection water from the Carrizo aquifer (informal 

name commonly applied to the upper part of the CarrizoWilcox aquifer in the area) at and near an aquifer storage and 

recovery (ASR) site in Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, 

Texas. Daily mean water-level altitude, water temperature, 

and specific conductance were measured continuously in a 

monitoring well on the ASR site to determine how injection 

and withdrawal at the ASR site might affect local groundwater. 

Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for selected 

physical properties and constituents to characterize the 

quality of native groundwater from the Edwards aquifer and 

preinjection and postinjection water from the Carrizo aquifer 

near the ASR site to provide a better understanding of possible 

changes in the quality of groundwater near an active ASR 

site that might result from the mixing of water from different 

aquifers. During injection periods, the water-level altitude 

in the monitoring well generally increased as the amount of 

water being injected into all wells at the ASR site increased 

and decreased as the amount of water being injected into all 

wells at the ASR site decreased. During withdrawal periods, 

the water-level altitude in the monitoring well generally 

increased as the total volume of water being withdrawn from 

all wells at the ASR site decreased and generally decreased 

as the total volume of water being withdrawn from all wells 

increased. Daily mean water temperature fluctuated by less 

than 1 degree Celsius and was determined to be independent 

of injection or withdrawal conditions at the ASR site. Changes 

in daily mean specific-conductance values measured at four 

depths in the monitoring well at the ASR site occurred without 

regard to total ASR site injection or withdrawal volumes. No 

substantial differences were measured over time in majorion, trace-element, or isotope chemistry of water samples 

collected from the wells that supplied water from the Edwards 

aquifer. Little variation in water chemistry was detected in 

the samples collected from four wells designed to inject and 

withdraw water at the ASR site, regardless of whether the 

ASR site was injecting or withdrawing water. The similarity of 

major-ion and isotope chemistry between the Edwards aquifer 

source wells and the four ASR wells indicates that little, if 

any, migration of injected water away from the ASR wells 

has occurred. In a well located closest to the ASR site in the 

direction of regional flow for the Carrizo aquifer, a greater 

alkalinity value and a smaller concentration of chloride were 

measured in the most recent sample than in all other samples 

collected at this well. Substantial increases in dissolved 

iron and manganese concentrations also were observed in 

this well. The increased alkalinity value and dissolved iron 

and manganese concentrations and the decreased chloride 

concentration in the well could indicate that the injected water 

from the Edwards aquifer had begun to move into at least a 

part of the strata supplying these wells and might be causing 

iron and manganese mobilization in the Carrizo aquifer. 

Introduction

The San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer 

(hereinafter, Edwards aquifer) is the main source of publicwater supply for the City of San Antonio in Bexar County, 

Texas, and adjacent counties and provides nearly all of the 

water for municipal, commercial, and agricultural purposes 

in the region. The San Antonio Water System (SAWS) is 

the primary water provider for the city. Withdrawals from 

the aquifer are regulated by the Edwards Aquifer Authority 

(EAA) to protect federally listed endangered species that rely 

on the discharge at large springs emerging from the aquifer 

(Edwards Aquifer Authority, 2009). In August 2002, SAWS 

began construction of an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) 

plant in southern Bexar County on an approximately 3,200-

acre site that extends into northern Atascosa and western 

Wilson Counties (fig. 1). Wells at the site are designed to 
San Antonio

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BEXAR COUNTY

ATASCOSA COUNTY

1-mile radius

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See inset

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ASR5

ASR8

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ASR9

PO2

Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:24,000Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, zone 14North American Datum of 1983

29°25'30"

29°17'

29°08'30"

98°28'45" 98°20' 

0 2 4 6 8 MILES0 2 4 6 8 KILOMETERS

TEXAS

CarrizoWilcox

aquifer San Antonio segment

of the Edwards

aquifer

San Antonio

Aquifers from Ashworth and

Hopkins, 1995 

BEXAR

COUNTY 

ATASCOS

A

COUNTY 

WILSONCOUNTY 

Area enlarged

§ ̈¦37

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ASR5

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Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site boundaryCarrizo-Wilcox aquifer regional groundwater flow direction (Pearson and White, 1967)Well sampled and map identifier (table 1)Monitoring well and map identifier (table 1)Well used for injection and withdrawalWell used only for withdrawal (PO, production only) 

EXPLAN

ATION

ASR9

C8

Figure 1. Locations of an aquifer storage and recovery site and data-collection sites, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas. 
Introduction 3

inject water into and withdraw water from the Carrizo aquifer 

(the informal name commonly applied to the upper unit of 

the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in the area). In June 2004 phase 

one of the ASR plant became operational, enabling SAWS to 

pump water from the Edwards aquifer when water levels are 

sufficiently high and withdrawals from the Edwards aquifer 

are less than the EAA-enforced limit, transfer the water 

through a 38-mile pipeline (actual length) (Adam E. Conner, 

San Antonio Water System Planner II, Water Resources, 

written commun., 2010) to the ASR plant, and inject the water 

into the Carrizo aquifer through 16 wells. Injected water 

could then be recovered from the Carrizo aquifer, treated, and 

distributed during times of drought to alleviate stress on the 

Edwards aquifer. Subsequent phases have increased the total 

number of injection/withdrawal wells to 29.

In addition to withdrawing injected Edwards aquifer 

water, SAWS can withdraw as much as 6,400 acre-feet (or 

2 acre-feet per acre of owned land) of water from the Carrizo 

aquifer as defined by the rules of the Evergreen Underground 

Water Conservation District (2009). To take advantage of the 

ability to withdraw water from the Carrizo aquifer and to not 

disturb the injected Edwards aquifer water, SAWS installed 

7 wells upgradient from the injection field at the ASR plant. 

These wells are called production-only (or PO) wells.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation 

with SAWS, collected data during 2004–11 to characterize the 

quality of and ascertain changes in groundwater at and near 

the ASR site. Findings of the study are intended to provide 

a better understanding of possible changes in the quality of 

groundwater near an active ASR site that might result from 

the mixing of water from different aquifers. Mobilization 

of trace elements in groundwater as a result of changes in 

oxidation and pH conditions has been observed at other 

ASR sites (Heilweil and others, 2009). Reduction-oxidation 

reaction (redox) conditions in an aquifer can change when 

nonnative water is introduced to the aquifer, and redox 

conditions exercise important controls on water chemistry, 

including several redox-influenced trace elements (Smedley 

and Edmunds, 2002; Basu and others, 2007). In particular, 

iron and manganese mobilization was a concern at the SAWS 

ASR site. The results of this study also are applicable to other 

ASR investigations in similar hydrogeologic environments 

and to investigations of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer. This study 

advances the knowledge of how ASR plant operations affect 

native groundwater in sandstone aquifers and the hydrologic 

processes that occur in carbonate/sand aquifer systems. 

Results of this investigation can be used by local and State 

water managers to address issues of increased demand for 

water resources in areas of increasing population such as San 

Antonio. 

Purpose and Scope

This report describes results of the analysis of hydrologic 

and geochemical groundwater data collected during 2004–11 

from the Carrizo aquifer in parts of Bexar, Atascosa, and 

Wilson Counties at and near an ASR site. Hydrologic data 

include water-level altitude, water temperature, and specific 

conductance collected hourly at a monitoring well at the ASR 

site. Water-quality and isotope data collected in June 2004 are 

used to characterize the water of the Carrizo aquifer before the 

ASR site became operational; water-quality and isotope data 

collected from September 2005 through July 2011 are used 

to characterize groundwater near the ASR site after the site 

became operational. Native water from the Edwards aquifer 

is analyzed, and a preliminary assessment of the effects on 

groundwater quality from injecting water from the Edwards 

aquifer into the Carrizo aquifer is made by using the waterquality data collected during the study. Data also are analyzed 

to determine if water injected into or withdrawn from the 

ASR site had any effect on water quality at or near the site. 

The wording and presentation of material in this report are 

based on a previous USGS report (Otero and Petri, 2010); 

the contents of each section herein are modified from this 

previous report.

Geology and Hydrology

The Wilcox Group and the overlying Carrizo Sand of 

the Claiborne Group are important water-yielding formations 

near the ASR site (fig. 2). The Wilcox Group and Carrizo 

Sand consist mostly of sand, locally interbedded with gravel, 

silt, clay, and lignite, that dips into the subsurface toward 

the coast of the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf Coast). Most of the 

sand beds that compose the Wilcox Group are less permeable 

than those that compose the Carrizo Sand (Klemt and 

others, 1976).

The Wilcox Group and the hydraulically connected 

Carrizo Sand together form the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer, 

a major aquifer in Texas (Ashworth and Hopkins, 1995) 

(fig. 2). The upper unit of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer, the 

Carrizo Sand, ranges in thickness from 150 to 1,200 feet in 

south Texas (Klemt and others, 1976, p. 4) and commonly is 

referred to as the Carrizo aquifer. The specific target formation 

for water storage at the ASR site is the Carrizo Sand, a fine 

to coarse grained, poorly sorted, noncalcareous sandstone 

(University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology, 1974) that 

dips into the subsurface toward the Gulf Coast. 

The recharge zone (aquifer outcrop) of the Carrizo 

aquifer forms a relatively narrow band roughly parallel to the 

Gulf Coast. Recharge to the Carrizo aquifer occurs through 

direct infiltration of rainfall on the land surface in the recharge 

zone, through the beds of streams that flow across the recharge 

zone, and as leakage from overlying formations that compose 

the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in subcrop areas. Water in the 

aquifer typically is fresh (dissolved solids concentration less 

than 1,000 milligrams per liter) in and near the recharge zone 

and becomes progressively more mineralized with distance 

downdip. Some wells screened in the Carrizo aquifer yield 

more than 1,000 gallons per minute of water (Ashworth and 

Hopkins, 1995, p. 17), and the Carrizo aquifer is an important 

source of water for agriculture and public supply. 
4 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

NORTHWEST (NW) SOUTHEAST (SE) 

Midway Group

Wilcox Group

Carrizo Sand

Queen City Sand

Reklaw Formation

Weches Formation

Claiborne Group

Modified from Klemt and others, 1976, fig. 27

0 100

0 100 200 KILOMETERS

200 MILES

Gulf of Mexico

Aquifer storage and

recovery site 

TEXAS

100 ̊

36 ̊

104 ̊

30 ̊

28 ̊

96 ̊

32 ̊

34 ̊

102 ̊

26 ̊

94 ̊

98 ̊

106 ̊

Trace of

generalized section

NW

SE

San Antonio

San Marcos

EXPLANATION

Major aquifers (Texas Water

 Development Board, 2009)

 Carrizo-Wilcox (outcrop)

 Carrizo-Wilcox (subcrop)

 Edwards (outcrop)

 Edwards (subcrop)

Figure 2. Outcrops and subcrops of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer and Edwards aquifer in Texas, and a generalized hydrogeologic section 

of the water-yielding Carrizo Sand and Wilcox Group and other near-surface formations at and near an aquifer storage and recovery 

site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties. 
Introduction 5

The ASR site is located at the southern margin of the 

recharge zone where the outcrop and subcrop areas of the 

Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer meet (fig. 2). The Carrizo aquifer

is about 800 feet thick at the ASR site, with a net sand 

thickness of about 700 feet (Klemt and others, 1976, 

fig. 9). Haque and Johannesson (2006, p. 59) noted other 

investigators’ findings: 

Precipitation recharges the Carrizo Sand aquifer in 

the outcrop area in northwest Atascosa County, and 

the resulting groundwaters subsequently flow downgradient towards the southeast (Pearson and White, 

1967; Castro et al. [and others], 2000). High fluid 

pressure causes groundwater to discharge from the 

aquifer by crossformational upward leakage (Castro 

and Goblet, 2003). 

The prevailing regional flow pattern from northwest to 

southeast might affect the movement of water injected into the 

Carrizo aquifer at the ASR site. The hydrogeologic units above 

and below the Carrizo aquifer are less permeable relative 

to those of the aquifer and tend to keep injected water from 

migrating vertically, allowing more of the injected water to be 

withdrawn later. 

The water injected at the ASR site is sourced from 

the Edwards aquifer (fig. 2). The Edwards aquifer 

comprises Lower Cretaceous-age rocks of the Edwards 

Group (Rose, 1972) and the Georgetown Formation. The 

Edwards Group in the study area comprises two stratigraphic 

units, the basal Kainer Formation and the upper Person 

Formation. Each of those units comprises several informal 

members (Rose, 1972). The Edwards aquifer occurs at depths 

of approximately 2,000 feet below the Carrizo aquifer at the 

ASR site (Klemt and others, 1976, fig. 10; Lindgren and 

others, 2004, fig. 5).

Most recharge to the Edwards aquifer occurs in the 

recharge zone west of San Antonio, Tex. (fig. 2), where 

streams originating north of the aquifer flow across and 

lose most or all of their flows into highly faulted and 

fractured limestone. After water enters the aquifer, it moves 

generally in an easterly direction to discharge points in 

and near San Antonio, mainly municipal water-supply 

wells. Water not discharged to wells then continues 

generally toward the northeast along and parallel to 

northeast-trending faults in the study area to discharge 

at major spring complexes (Maclay, 1995; Otero, 2007; 

Musgrove and Crow, 2012). 

The Edwards aquifer is about 450 feet thick in the 

study area (Small and Hanson, 1994, p. 5; Stein and Ozuna, 

1994, p. 5). The hydrogeology of the Edwards aquifer is 

substantially controlled by faulting. For example, flow in 

the aquifer is affected by faults and their subsequent erosion 

and dissolution (Maclay and Small, 1984; Maclay, 1995; 

Mahler and others, 2011). Maclay and Small, (1984, p. 50) 

estimated transmissivities for the Edwards aquifer to range 

from 200,000 to 2,000,000 feet squared per day.

Previous Study

Otero and Petri (2010) analyzed groundwater samples 

to characterize the quality of native groundwater from the 

Edwards aquifer and preinjection and postinjection water from 

the Carrizo aquifer at and near the ASR site. Geochemical 

and isotope data indicated that no substantial changes in 

major-ion, trace-element, and isotope chemistry occurred as 

the water from the Edwards aquifer was transferred through 

a 38-mile pipeline to the ASR site. The samples collected 

from four ASR recovery wells were similar in major-ion and 

isotope chemistry compared to the samples collected from 

the Edwards aquifer source wells and the ASR injection well, 

possibly indicating that as Edwards aquifer water was injected 

it displaced native Carrizo aquifer water, or alternatively, if 

mixing of Edwards and Carrizo aquifer waters was occurring, 

the major-ion and isotope signatures for the Carrizo aquifer 

water might have been obscured by the signatures of the 

injected Edwards aquifer water. Differences over time in the 

dissolved iron and dissolved manganese concentrations (in 

this report, dissolved concentrations refer to concentrations 

measured in samples filtered through a 0.45-micrometer filter) 

measured in water samples collected from individual wells 

indicate either that minor amounts of mixing occurred between 

the waters from the two aquifers or that as Edwards aquifer 

water displaced Carrizo aquifer water it mobilized the iron and 

manganese directly from the Carrizo Sand. Concentrations 

of radium-226 in the samples collected at the ASR recovery 

wells were less than the concentrations in samples collected 

from the Edwards aquifer source wells and from the ASR 

injection well. The smaller radium-226 concentrations in the 

samples collected from the ASR recovery wells likely indicate 

that some degree of mixing of the two waters occurred rather 

than indicating continued decay of radium-226 in the injected 

water. Geochemical and isotope data measured in samples 

collected in May 2005 from two Carrizo aquifer monitoring 

wells and in July 2008 from the three ASR production-only 

wells in the northern section of the ASR site indicated that 

injected Edwards aquifer water had not migrated to these 

five sites. With the exception of a few samples, major-ion 

concentrations measured in samples collected in Carrizo 

aquifer wells in 2004, 2005, and 2008 were similar. Although 

in some cases the computed percent differences (compared 

to concentrations from June 2004) in dissolved iron and 

dissolved manganese concentrations in 11 wells sampled 

in the Carrizo aquifer in 2005 and 2008 were quite large, 

no patterns in the concentrations that might have been 

caused by migration of injected Edwards aquifer water were 

observed. Because of the natural variation in geochemical 

data in the Carrizo aquifer and the small dataset collected for 

this study, differences in major-ion and trace-element data 

among the samples collected in 2004, 2005, and 2008 could 

not be directly attributed to the ASR site operations. When 

the data were analyzed graphically, no appreciable differences 

in isotope concentrations were observed between samples 
6 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

collected in 2004 and 2008 from Carrizo aquifer wells, 

indicating that the Edwards aquifer source water might 

not have affected the isotope chemistry of the native 

Carrizo aquifer water near the sampled Carrizo wells by 

July 2008. 

Methods of Investigation

Water-level altitude, water temperature, and specific 

conductance were measured in a monitoring well at the ASR 

site from August 2009 to September 2011. Discrete waterquality samples were collected from 12 wells in the study 

area during June 2004–July 2011 (table 1). In June 2004, 4 of 

the 12 wells described in this report were sampled by Otero 

and Petri (2010) as part of a larger set of wells near the ASR 

site. The samples collected in 2004 were used to determine 

the water chemistry of the Carrizo aquifer near the ASR site 

prior to injection of water from the Edwards aquifer into the 

ASR site. Samples collected in subsequent years served to 

determine to what extent, if any, the injected water might be 

affecting the water chemistry of the Carrizo aquifer near the 

ASR site.

Table 1. Wells from which data were collected at or near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson 

Counties, Texas, 2004–11, and the sampling years.

[X, open hole; --, not sampled; e, well sampled for native Edwards aquifer characterization; S, screened; w, well sampled while ASR site was in withdrawal 

mode; i, well sampled while ASR site was injecting; G, gravel packed; c, well sampled for native Carrizo aquifer characterization; s, well sampled while ASR 

site was in standby mode following injection; P, perforated or slotted; uk, unknown; N/A, not applicable; r, real-time water-level altitude, water temperature, and 

specific conductance]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

number

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

name

Well 

identifier1

Total 

depth 

(feet)

Open 

interval(s) 

(feet)

Completion 

type

Depth 

to pump 

intake 

(feet)

Sampling year

2004 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011

Edwards aquifer source wells

Artesia 292557098261401 AY–68–37–508 ED1 1,318 982–1,318 X 569 -- e -- e e --

Seale 292643098242101 AY–68–37–610 ED2 1,145 995–1,145 X 542 -- e -- e e --

ASR injection/withdrawal wells

ASR5 290732098251101 AY–68–53–811 RW1 665 605–660 S 400 -- -- w w i w

ASR8 290750098235301 AY–68–53–912 IW1 685 445–685 S 400 -- i -- w -- w

ASR9 290809098232301 AY–68–53–913 RW3 685 450–685 S 400 -- -- w w i w

ASR17 290657098242801 AY–68–61–319 RW4 775 610–775 G 400 -- -- w w i --

ASR production-only well

PO2 290838098241401 AY–68–53–916 ASR–PO2 565 380–390 G 355 -- -- w w i w

480–550

Carrizo aquifer wells

McCoy 290403098293201 AL–68–61–413 WC1 1,200 1,124–1,200 S 320 c i i s i w

Oak 

Hills

291330098143301 ZL–68–55–111 NC4 422 uk G 275 c i w s i w

Palmer 290546098234801 AL–68–61–320 N/A 950 760–860 S 231 -- -- -- s i w

880–950 X

Picosa 290849098174001 ZL–68–54–807 NC3 838 738–828 S 231 c i w s i w

Ray 290727098211301 ZL–68–62–108 NC2 938 838–938 P uk c -- w s i w

Monitoring well

C8 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 N/A 530 370–390 S N/A -- -- -- r r r

450–470 S

510–530 S

1

Well identifier corresponds to well name used in Otero and Petri (2010).
Methods of Investigation 7

Two additional wells completed in the Edwards aquifer 

that supplied water to the ASR site for injection were sampled 

beginning in 2005. These wells originally were sampled by 

Otero and Petri (2010) to determine the chemistry of the water 

being injected into the Carrizo aquifer at the ASR site, but 

sampling of these wells continued as part of the sampling of 

the 12 wells described in this report so that any changes in the 

water chemistry of the water being injected at the ASR site 

could be ascertained. 

Collection of Continuous Data

Water-Level Altitudes

Continuous water-level-altitude data were collected 

in monitoring well AY–68–53–928 (hereinafter, C8; fig. 1; 

table 1) by using methods described by Freeman and others 

(2004). The well was equipped with a submersible pressure 

transducer and a data-collection platform (DCP) for real-time 

data transmission. The data stored in the DCP were transmitted 

every 4 hours by satellite telemetry to a geostationary 

operations environmental satellite that transmitted the data 

through a USGS ground station to the USGS National Water 

Information System (NWIS) database (U.S. Geological 

Survey, 2012). 

Water Temperature and Specific Conductance

Water temperature and specific conductance were 

measured in well C8 during August 20, 2009–September 30, 

2011. Table 2 shows the depths at which water temperature 

and specific conductance were measured by using a real-time 

water-quality monitor. During August 20, 2009–October 13, 

2010, the real-time water-quality monitor measured water 

temperature and specific conductance at the depth of 530 

feet below land surface corresponding to the bottom of the 

deepest of three screened intervals in the monitoring well. 

During November 9, 2010–September 30, 2011, the real-time 

water-quality monitor was used to measure water temperature 

and specific conductance at the depth of 460 feet below land 

surface corresponding to the center of the middle of the three 

screened intervals in the monitoring well. Two additional 

monitors were installed and used to collect data during July 

30, 2010–September 30, 2011, at depths corresponding to the 

centers of the shallowest and deepest screened intervals (380 

and 520 feet below land surface) in the monitoring well to 

determine simultaneously how water injections, withdrawals, 

or both might be affecting the water quality within all three 

screened intervals of well C8. 

The sensors on the monitors were operated and 

maintained and the data were managed as described in Wagner 

and others (2006). The three water-quality monitors measured 

water temperature and specific conductance hourly. Data from 

the real-time water-quality monitor were recorded by a DCP at 

the site and transmitted to NWIS every 4 hours. The remaining 

two monitors recorded the data internally, and their data were 

downloaded during maintenance visits to the site.

Collection and Analysis of Discrete Data 

Sample Collection

A total of 50 environmental water-quality samples 

(app. 1) and 6 quality-assurance samples (apps. 1 and 2) were 

collected from the 12 wells described in this report from 

June 2004–July 2011 (table 1). Water-quality samples were 

collected and processed by following standard USGS methods 

documented in the “National Field Manual for the Collection 

of Water-Quality Data” (U.S. Geological Survey, variously 

dated). All 12 wells sampled for this study had permanently 

installed pumps from which samples were collected from rawwater spigots at or near the well head, prior to any pressure 

tanks or water treatment. All wells were pumped to remove 

three casing volumes of water or until the physicochemical 

properties of water temperature, specific conductance, pH, 

turbidity, and dissolved oxygen concentration stabilized 

before samples were collected and processed to ensure that 

the samples collected were representative of water from 

the aquifer (U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated). 

Physicochemical properties were considered stable when the 

variation between five or more sequential field-measurement 

readings were within plus or minus 0.2 degree Celsius for 

water temperature, 5 percent for specific conductance, 0.10 

unit for pH, 10 percent for turbidity, and 0.3 milligram per liter 

for dissolved oxygen (Wilde, 2008). 

Table 2. Depths at which water temperature and specific 

conductance data were collected at U.S. Geological Survey 

station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8) and period of record 

for each depth, Bexar County, Texas, August 2009–September 

2011.

Screened 

interval 

number

Top of 

interval 

(feet)

Bottom of 

interval 

(feet)

Monitor 

depth 

(feet)

Period 

of record

1 370 390 380 July 30, 2010–

September 30, 2011

2 450 470 460 November 9, 2010–

September 30, 2011

3 510 530 520 July 30, 2010–

September 30, 2011

530 August 20, 2009–

October 13, 2010
8 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Sample Analysis

Two laboratories analyzed samples for this study. 

The USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in 

Lakewood, Colo., was the primary laboratory and analyzed 

samples for total dissolved solids, major ions (calcium, 

magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, fluoride, silica, and 

sulfate), and trace elements (aluminum, barium, beryllium, 

cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, lithium, 

manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silver, strontium, vanadium, 

zinc, antimony, arsenic, boron, and selenium). The NWQL 

also analyzed samples for total iron and manganese. The 

USGS Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory (RSIL) in Reston, 

Va., analyzed samples for oxygen-18 (18O) to oxygen-16 (16O) 

and deuterium (2H) to protium (1H) isotopic ratios.

Total dissolved solids were measured by using techniques 

described in Fishman and Friedman (1989). Major ions were 

measured by using ion-exchange chromatography (for anion 

concentrations) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic 

emissions spectrometry (ICP-AES) (for cation concentrations) 

as described by Fishman (1993). Trace-element concentrations 

were measured by using collision-reaction cell inductively 

coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (cICP-MS) (Garbarino 

and others, 2006). Total iron and manganese were measured 

by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission 

spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as described in Garbarino and 

Struzeski (1998). 18O, 16O, 2H, and 1H isotope compositions 

were measured by using techniques in which the sample is 

equilibrated with either gaseous hydrogen or carbon dioxide as 

described in Révész and Coplen (2008a, b). 

Results Reporting

The analytical quantification procedure used by the 

NWQL for reporting results is based on long-term method 

detection levels (LT–MDL) and laboratory reporting levels 

(LRL). The LT–MDL concentrations are defined for most 

analytical methods at the NWQL to limit the false positive 

rate to less than or equal to 1 percent. At the LT–MDL, the 

occurrence of false positive detections is limited to less than or 

equal to 1 percent (Childress and others, 1999). Childress and 

others (1999, p. 1) stated:

...at the long-term method detection level, the risk 

of a false negative occurrence (analyte reported 

not present when present at the long-term method 

detection level concentration) is up to 50 percent. 

Because this false negative rate is too high for use as 

a default “less than” reporting level, a more reliable 

laboratory reporting level is set at twice the determined long-term method detection level.

The LRL is therefore defined as twice the LT–MDL. 

A constituent concentration greater than the LT–MDL and 

less than the LRL indicates that the detection of a constituent 

is considered likely, but quantification is considered 

questionable. These results are considered estimated, and 

the remark code of “E” is assigned by the laboratory for 

these results (Childress and others, 1999). A constituent 

concentration less than the LT–MDL is considered a 

nondetection and is reported as less than the LRL. The 

LT–MDLs and LRLs changed for some constituents during the 

study because the NWQL reassesses the values on a regular 

basis. Table 3 shows all the LT–MDLs and LRLs that were in 

effect during the study for the constituents sampled. 

Stable environmental oxygen and hydrogen are measured 

as the ratio of the two most abundant isotopes of a given 

element. The most abundant isotopes of oxygen are 18O and 16O, and the most abundant isotopes of hydrogen are 2

H and 1

H (Clark and Fritz, 1997). Water molecules with a greater 

amount of the lightest oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (16O and 1

H, respectively) evaporate preferentially compared to water 

molecules with a greater amount of the heaviest oxygen and 

hydrogen isotopes (18O and 2H, respectively) (Bruckner, 2009). 

Stable isotopic compositions of oxygen and hydrogen 

are reported as relative isotope ratios in parts per thousand 

(per mil) by using the standard delta (δ) notation (Coplen and 

others, 2002; Coplen, 2011): 

δiX = Rsample/Rreference – 1, (1)

where 

δiX is the heavier isotope (18O or 2H),

Rsample is the ratio of the abundance of the heavier 

isotope to the lighter isotope (16O or 1H) in 

the sample, and

Rreference is the ratio of the abundance of the heavier 

isotope to the lighter isotopein the 

reference material.

The reference material for oxygen and hydrogen is 

Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW), which is 

assigned δ18O and δD values of zero per mil (Clark and Fritz, 

1997). Positive values indicate enrichment of the heavier 

isotope, and negative values indicate depletion of the heavier 

isotope, compared to the ratios observed in the VSMOW 

standard. 

Quality Control

Quality-assurance samples were collected and processed 

by using the same procedures as those for the environmental 

water-quality samples as outlined in the “National Field 

Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” (U.S. 

Geological Survey, variously dated). Quality-assurance 

samples collected for this study included blank and replicate 

samples. Blank samples (app. 1) were processed during the 

study to evaluate the extent of contamination introduced 

during sampling, sample processing, shipping, or laboratory 

analysis. Replicate samples (apps. 1 and 2) were collected 

during the study to evaluate variability introduced during 

processing or laboratory analysis.
Methods of Investigation 9

Table 3. Summary of long-term method detection levels and laboratory reporting levels for constituents sampled for study of an 

aquifer storage and recovery site, Atascosa, Bexar, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004–July 2011.

[LT–MDL, long-term method detection level; LRL, laboratory reporting level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; N/A, not applicable; μg/L, micrograms per liter]

Constituent Begin date End date LT–MDL LRL

Total dissolved 

solids (mg/L)

10/1/2010 9/30/2011 N/A 12

5/15/2001 9/30/2010 N/A 10

Calcium (mg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.022 0.044

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.01 0.02

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.02 0.04

10/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.01 0.02

10/1/2003 9/30/2004 0.005 0.01

Magnesium (mg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.008 0.016

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.006 0.012

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.01 0.02

10/1/2006 9/30/2007 0.007 0.014

10/1/2003 9/30/2006 0.004 0.008

Potassium (mg/L) 10/1/2010 9/30/2011 0.022 0.044

10/1/2009 9/30/2010 0.032 0.064

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.03 0.06

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.01 0.02

10/1/2006 9/30/2007 0.02 0.04

10/1/2002 9/30/2006 0.08 0.16

Sodium (mg/L) 10/1/2010 9/30/2011 0.06 0.12

10/1/2009 9/30/2010 0.05 0.1

10/1/2007 9/30/2009 0.06 0.12

10/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.1 0.2

10/1/2003 9/30/2004 0.05 0.1

Chloride (mg/L) 10/1/2006 9/30/2011 0.06 0.12

10/1/2002 9/30/2006 0.1 0.2

Fluoride (mg/L) 10/1/2008 9/30/2011 0.04 0.08

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.06 0.12

10/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.05 0.1

10/1/2003 9/30/2004 N/A 0.17

Silica (mg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.029 0.058

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.01 0.02

10/1/2006 9/30/2008 0.009 0.018

10/1/2003 9/30/2006 0.02 0.04

Sulfate (mg/L) 10/1/2002 9/30/2011 0.09 0.18

Aluminum (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 1.7 3.4

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 2 4

10/1/2002 9/30/2008 0.8 1.6

Barium (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.07 0.14

10/1/2007 9/30/2009 0.2 0.4

10/1/2006 9/30/2007 0.04 0.08

10/1/2003 9/30/2006 0.1 0.2

Constituent Begin date End date LT–MDL LRL

Beryllium (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.006 0.012

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.01 0.02

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.004 0.008

10/1/2002 9/30/2007 0.03 0.06

Cadmium (μg/L) 10/1/2010 9/30/2011 0.016 0.032

10/1/2008 9/30/2010 0.01 0.02

10/1/2003 9/30/2008 0.02 0.04

Chromium (μg/L) 10/1/2006 9/30/2011 0.06 0.12

1/1/2004 9/30/2006 0.02 0.04

Cobalt (μg/L) 10/1/2010 9/30/2011 0.02 0.04

10/1/2009 9/30/2010 0.005 0.01

10/1/2007 9/30/2009 0.01 0.02

1/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.02 0.04

Copper (μg/L) 10/1/2007 9/30/2011 0.5 1

1/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.2 0.4

Iron (μg/L) 10/1/2010 9/30/2011 3.2 6.4

10/1/2009 9/30/2010 3 6

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 2 4

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 4 8

10/1/2004 9/30/2007 3 6

10/1/2003 9/30/2004 3.2 6.4

Total iron (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 4.6 9.2

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 7 14

10/1/2004 9/30/2008 3 6

10/1/2003 9/30/2004 4.5 9

Lead (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.015 0.03

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.03 0.06

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.04 0.08

10/1/2006 9/30/2007 0.06 0.12

10/1/2002 9/30/2006 0.04 0.08

Lithium (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.22 0.44

10/1/2007 9/30/2009 0.5 1

10/1/2003 9/30/2007 0.3 0.6

Manganese (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.13 0.26

10/1/2003 9/30/2009 0.1 0.2

Total manganese 

(μg/L)

10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.4 0.8

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.2 0.4

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.4 0.8

4/1/2006 9/30/2007 0.3 0.6

10/1/2003 3/31/2006 0.1 0.2
10 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Table 3. Summary of long-term method detection levels and laboratory reporting levels for constituents sampled for study of an 

aquifer storage and recovery site, Atascosa, Bexar, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004–July 2011.—Continued

[LT–MDL, long-term method detection level; LRL, laboratory reporting level; mg/L, milligrams per liter; N/A, not applicable; μg/L, micrograms per liter]

Blank samples were processed by using deionized 

water obtained from the NWQL and certified to contain 

undetectable concentrations of constituents to be analyzed. 

A total of 102 concentrations for 34 constituents were 

analyzed in three blank samples. Detectable concentrations 

were measured in 7 of the 102 values measured in the blank 

samples. Of the 7 detected concentrations, 4 concentrations in 

environmental samples were rejected and not reported because 

the associated blank sample had a concentration greater than 

that of the environmental sample.

Three replicate samples were compared to the associated 

environmental samples by calculating the relative percent 

difference (RPD) for each pair of detected constituents (app. 

2). The RPD was not computed for a constituent pair if one 

or both of the concentrations were nondetections or were 

reported as estimated. Of the total 105 constituent pairs, 

RPD was computed for 75 pairs. RPD was computed by using 

the equation 

RPD = |C1 – C2|/((C1 + C2)/2) x 100, (2)

where

 C1 is the concentration from an environmental 

sample, and 

C2 is the concentration from a replicate sample. 

RPDs of 15 percent or less were determined for this study 

to indicate good agreement between analytical results if the 

concentrations were sufficiently large compared to the LRL. 

For 75 sample pairs for which the RPD was computed, the 

RPD was within 15 percent for 68 sample pairs. RPDs of zero 

were computed for 10 of the 75 sample pairs. The nonzero 

RPDs between environmental and replicate samples collected 

for this study ranged from 0.20 percent for sulfate in the 

McCoy well to 164 percent for cobalt in the same well, with a 

median value of 3.68 percent. Three of the seven sample pairs 

with RPDs exceeding 15 percent had concentrations that were 

not sufficiently large compared to the LRL, resulting in a large 

RPD from a small difference between concentrations.

Constituent Begin date End date LT–MDL LRL

Molybdenum 

(μg/L)

10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.014 0.028

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.01 0.02

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.1 0.2

10/1/2006 9/30/2007 0.06 0.12

10/1/2003 9/30/2006 0.2 0.4

Nickel (μg/L) 10/1/2010 9/30/2011 0.09 0.18

10/1/2008 9/30/2010 0.06 0.12

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.1 0.2

1/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.03 0.06

Silver (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.005 0.01

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.004 0.008

10/1/2006 9/30/2008 0.05 0.1

10/1/2002 9/30/2006 0.1 0.2

Strontium (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.2 0.4

10/1/2007 9/30/2009 0.4 0.8

10/1/2003 9/30/2007 0.2 0.4

Vanadium (μg/L) 10/1/2008 9/30/2011 0.08 0.16

10/1/2006 9/30/2008 0.02 0.04

1/1/2004 9/30/2006 0.05 0.1

Zinc (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 1.4 2.8

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 1 2

Constituent Begin date End date LT–MDL LRL

Zinc (μg/L)—

Continued

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.9 1.8

1/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.3 0.6

Antimony (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.027 0.054

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.02 0.04

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.07 0.14

10/1/2006 9/30/2007 0.03 0.06

10/1/2003 9/30/2006 0.1 0.2

Arsenic (μg/L) 10/1/2009 9/30/2011 0.022 0.044

10/1/2007 9/30/2009 0.03 0.06

10/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.06 0.12

Boron (μg/L) 10/1/2010 9/30/2011 3 6

10/1/2009 9/30/2010 1.4 2.8

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 2 4

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 3 6

10/1/2003 9/30/2007 4 8

Selenium (μg/L) 10/1/2010 9/30/2011 0.03 0.06

10/1/2009 9/30/2010 0.02 0.04

10/1/2008 9/30/2009 0.03 0.06

10/1/2007 9/30/2008 0.02 0.04

1/1/2004 9/30/2007 0.04 0.08
Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous Groundwater Quality 11

Water-Chemistry and Isotope Analysis

Water-chemistry and isotope data were analyzed to 

evaluate the quality of water in the Carrizo aquifer before 

and after water from the Edwards aquifer was injected at the 

ASR site. Major-ion, trace-element, and isotope data were 

graphically evaluated for differences between samples of 

the Edwards aquifer source water before it was injected at 

the ASR site and samples of native (preinjection of Edwards 

aquifer water) Carrizo aquifer water collected from wells 

near the ASR site and to assess changes in preinjection 

and postinjection quality of water in the Carrizo aquifer in 

the study area. A trilinear diagram (Hem, 1992) and Stiff 

diagrams (Stiff, 1951) were constructed by using major-ionchemistry data to depict changes in water composition. Iron 

and manganese concentrations, which were observed to be 

generally much larger in water from the Carrizo aquifer than 

in water from the Edwards aquifer, were used as indicators 

of whether the injected Edwards aquifer water might be 

causing any changes in water chemistry at wells screened in 

the Carrizo aquifer at or near the ASR site. Edwards aquifer 

groundwater was chlorinated before it was injected at the 

ASR site (Kirk Nixon, San Antonio Water System, Manager, 

Protection and Compliance Department, oral commun., 2011). 

There was concern that the injected, chlorinated Edwards 

aquifer water, in which dissolved oxygen concentrations are 

generally greater than those in water from the Carrizo aquifer, 

might cause an increase in iron or manganese precipitation in 

parts of the Carrizo aquifer where reducing conditions might 

be present. Scatter plots of stable isotope data measured in 

samples collected from the Carrizo aquifer were constructed 

to help discern whether any changes in isotope chemistry 

occurred after the injection of water from the Edwards aquifer 

into the Carrizo aquifer.

Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous 

Groundwater Quality

Daily mean water-level altitude from monitoring well 

C8 and daily volume of water injected and withdrawn from 

the ASR site were analyzed to determine how injection and 

withdrawal from the wells at the ASR site might affect local 

groundwater altitude. Daily mean water-level altitude in well 

C8 fluctuated between 331.66 and 465.02 feet above North 

American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) between August 

20, 2009, and September 30, 2011 (app. 3). 

Injection occurred for a total of about 1,846 days (about 

70 percent of the total days) from June 29, 2004, when water 

was first injected into the ASR plant, through September 30, 

2011 (app. 4; fig. 3). The total volume of water injected at the 

site during the time period was approximately 35.5 billion 

gallons (Anastasia R. Valdes, San Antonio Water System 

Geographic Information Systems Professional, Production 

Department, written commun., 2012). This volume of water 

would be enough to sustain the City of San Antonio’s current 

water needs for approximately 6 months based on SAWS 

statistics for the period of June 29, 2004, through September 

30, 2011, during which average daily withdrawal from the 

Edwards aquifer by the water purveyor was 183.2 million 

gallons (San Antonio Water System, 2012).

Withdrawals from the ASR site usually occurred when 

conditions in the San Antonio area required SAWS to augment 

water supplies either by recovering previously injected 

Edwards aquifer water or by pumping water from the PO 

wells to supply the City of San Antonio’s water needs and 

alleviate pumping stress on the Edwards aquifer. Groundwater 

withdrawals from the ASR and PO wells occurred during 

681 days (about 26 percent of total days) from June 29, 2004, 

through September 30, 2011 (app. 5; fig. 3). The total volume 

of water withdrawn from the site during that time period was 

approximately 11.9 billion gallons, with about 8.2 billion 

gallons coming from recovering ASR wells (Anastasia R. 

Valdes, San Antonio Water System, Geographic Information 

Systems Professional, Production Department, written 

commun., 2012). The ASR site was in standby mode during 

the remaining 123 days (about 4 percent of total days) between 

June 29, 2004, and September 30, 2011; on these days, no 

water was withdrawn or injected (fig. 3). 

Water-Level Altitude

Daily mean water-level altitude in well C8 and daily 

injection and withdrawal volume from wells at the ASR site 

during August 20, 2009–September 30, 2011, are shown in 

figure 4. Total daily injection and withdrawal volumes from 

all 36 wells (29 injection/withdrawal and 7 PO wells) at the 

ASR site and total daily injection and withdrawal volumes 

from 11 of the 36 wells (9 injection/withdrawal and 2 PO 

wells) located within a 1-mile radius of well C8 are shown. 

During injection periods, the water-level altitude in well C8 

generally increased as the amount of water being injected 

into all wells at the ASR site increased and decreased as the 

amount of water being injected into all wells at the ASR site 

decreased. While the amount of water injected into all wells at 

the ASR site decreased during October and November 2010, 

the daily mean water-level altitude in well C8 continued to 

increase. Although the amount of water injected at the ASR 

site decreased, the total amount of water injected into the nine 

injection/withdrawal wells within a 1-mile radius of well C8 

increased during October and November 2010 and likely was 

the cause of the continued increase in water-level altitude in 

well C8.

During withdrawal periods, the water-level altitude in 

well C8 generally increased as the total volume of water 

being withdrawn from all 36 wells at the ASR site decreased 

and generally decreased as the total volume of water being 

withdrawn from all wells increased (fig. 4). During a sustained 

period of withdrawal from April 2011 through September 

2011, total daily withdrawal from the 11 wells within a 1-mile 
-60-40-20

0

204060

6/1/2004 11/18/2005 5/7/2007 10/24/2008 4/12/2010 

Total daily injection (positivevalues)

andwithdrawal (negativevalues)ofwater, inmilliongallons 

Date

Days in which the ASR site was in standby mode (no injection or withdrawal)

Figure 3. Total daily volume of water injected or withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.
-60

-40

-20

0

204060

8/1/2009 11/9/2009 2/17/2010 5/28/2010 9/5/2010 12/14/2010 3/24/2011 7/2/201

Date

Total daily injection (positivevalues)

andwithdrawal (negativevalues)ofwater, inmilliongallons 

EXPLANATION

All ASR wellsWells within 1 mile of monitoring well C8

Water-level altitude in monitoring well C8

Daily injection and withdrawal volumes

Figure 4. Daily mean water-level altitude at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 2009–11, with tinjected or withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site.
14 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

radius of well C8 remained at a fairly constant volume while 

total daily withdrawal from all the wells at the ASR site 

increased by approximately 10 million gallons in June 2011 

and then remained relatively constant through September 

2011. The increase in total daily withdrawal from all wells at 

the ASR site caused a decrease in water-level-altitude values 

in well C8, indicating that withdrawals of large volumes of 

water at the ASR site might cause a change in water-level 

altitudes at distances more than 1 mile away. 

Water Temperature and Specific Conductance

Daily mean water temperature data were collected at four 

depths within the three screened intervals of well C8 (apps. 

6.1–6.4). Daily mean water temperature values fluctuated 

by less than 1 degree Celsius from August 20, 2009, to 

September 30, 2011 (fig. 5; table 4) at all four depths and were 

determined to be independent of the injection or withdrawal 

of water. 

Daily mean specific-conductance values were measured 

in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm) 

at four depths in well C8 (apps. 7.1–7.4). The ranges of daily 

mean specific-conductance values were measured at the four 

depths in well C8 (table 5). During some periods the daily 

mean specific-conductance values measured at 530 feet below 

land surface appeared to vary independently of changes in the 

total volume injected into all wells at the ASR site, but during 

other periods appeared to vary in accordance with changes 

in the total volume injected (fig. 6). During September and 

October 2009, daily mean specific-conductance values 

increased approximately 30 μS/cm following a large increase 

in daily injection volume. In late August 2009, the ASR site 

transitioned from a negative injection volume (withdrawals 

were occurring) to a period of positive injection volume 

(fig. 4). Large amounts of injected water during November 

2009–July 2010 did not result in large increases in daily mean 

specific-conductance values and, in July 2010, daily mean 

specific-conductance values decreased by approximately 20 

μS/cm when the volume injected into the entire ASR site 

was increased by approximately 10 million gallons (fig. 6). 

Examination of the volume of water injected into wells within 

1 mile of well C8 provided no additional evidence into the 

cause of differences in daily mean specific-conductance values 

at the depth of 530 feet in well C8. 

Daily mean specific-conductance values measured at 

depths 380, 460, and 520 feet below land surface were similar 

and responded in the same way to changes in total volume of 

water injected at the ASR site (fig. 6). Like the daily mean 

specific-conductance values measured at the depth of 530 

feet below land surface in well C8, the daily mean specificconductance values measured for the three shallower depths 

also varied independently from injection rates. Within about 

a week after the ASR site switched from withdrawing to 

injecting water in September 2010, daily mean specificconductance values at depths of 380, 460, and 520 feet below 

land surface began to decrease until they stabilized at about 

185 μS/cm from approximately November 2010 to March 

2011. This period of stable daily mean specific-conductance 

values occurred despite concurrent changes in injection 

volumes at the entire ASR site and at sites within 1 mile of 

well C8. In March 2011, an increase of approximately 30 

μS/cm was measured in daily mean specific-conductance 

values corresponding to a reduction in injection volume from 

approximately 10 million gallons to approximately 7 million 

gallons (Anastasia R. Valdes, San Antonio Water System 

Geographic Information Systems Professional, Production 

Department, written commun., 2012).

Discrete Groundwater Quality 

Groundwater quality was assessed according to the 

aquifer from which the samples were collected. Samples 

collected from wells providing Edwards aquifer water for 

injection into the ASR site were analyzed and compared with 

data previously collected by Otero and Petri (2010) from 

wells completed in the Carrizo aquifer near the ASR site. The 

previously collected data were from samples collected before 

any Edwards aquifer water was injected and were used to 

determine native groundwater quality of the Carrizo aquifer. 

Samples collected from 12 wells completed in the Carrizo 

aquifer at and near the ASR site were analyzed after injection 

of Edwards aquifer water to determine how much, if any, 

mixing of the injected Edwards aquifer water with the native 

Carrizo aquifer water was evident. 

Edwards Aquifer Water Quality

The two wells from which water from the Edwards 

aquifer is supplied to the ASR (Artesia and Seale, fig. 1) 

were sampled periodically to monitor for temporal changes 

that might have occurred in water quality. Changes in the 

source water for the ASR site were determined so that any 

similar changes observed in the samples collected from the 

wells at the ASR site would not automatically be associated 

with changes occurring in the subsurface while the water was 

stored at the ASR site.
24.5 24.6 24.724.824.925.025.125.225.325.425.525.625.725.825.926.0

8/20/2009 10/20/2009 12/20/2009 2/20/2010 4/20/2010 6/20/2010 8/20/2010 10/20/2010 12/20/2010 2/20/2011 4/20/2011 6/20/

Daily mean water temperature,indegreesCelsius

Date

380 feet460 feet530 feet520 feet

Water temperature values measured at various depths below land surface

EXPLANATION

Figure 5. Daily mean water temperature at four depths at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 2
16 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Major-Ion Chemistry

The major-ion chemistry for samples collected in the 

12 wells from June 2004 through July 2011 (table 1) is 

represented in a trilinear diagram (fig. 7) and Stiff diagrams 

(fig. 8). On the trilinear diagram, individual samples are 

plotted with a triangle if the samples were collected when 

water from the Edwards aquifer was being injected into the 

ASR site or with an inverted triangle if collected when water 

was being withdrawn from the ASR site. The major-ion 

chemistry of groundwater samples collected from the Edward 

aquifer source wells is indicative of calcium-bicarbonate 

type water, the dominant groundwater type in the freshwater 

section of the Edwards aquifer (Lambert and others, 2000; 

Fahlquist and Ardis, 2004; Otero, 2007) (fig. 7). No substantial 

differences were measured in major-ion chemistry of water 

samples collected in 2005, 2009, and 2010 from the Artesia 

and Seale wells (app. 1). The Stiff diagrams created from the 

major-ion chemistry (fig. 8) indicate very similar water in 

the two wells. No substantial temporal changes in major-ion 

chemistry occurred in samples collected from the Edwards 

aquifer source wells. Therefore, any substantial differences 

in major-ion chemistry between the Edwards aquifer source 

wells and the ASR wells most likely will have been caused 

by mixing or subsurface processes that occurred during the 

time when the water was stored in the Carrizo aquifer at the 

ASR site. 

Trace-Element Chemistry

In the water samples collected from the two Edwards 

aquifer source wells (Artesia and Seale), the dissolved iron 

concentrations were less than 6 μg/L (LRL), and dissolved 

manganese concentrations ranged from less than 0.2 μg/L 

(LRL) to 0.3 μg/L (app. 1). The negligible concentrations of 

dissolved iron and manganese in water native to the Edwards 

aquifer did not change temporally. Any increases in dissolved 

iron or manganese concentrations observed after injection of 

the water into the ASR site most likely could be attributed to 

the mixing of water from the Edwards and Carrizo aquifers or 

interaction of water with the iron- and manganese-rich Carrizo 

Sand formation. 

Table 4. Ranges of daily mean water temperature at four depths 

at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 

(C8), Bexar County, Texas, 2010–11.

[Temperature in degrees Celsius]

Depth

(feet below landsurface datum)

Minimum daily 

mean water 

temperature

Maximum daily 

mean water 

temperature

380 24.7 25.5

460 24.8 25.6

520 24.7 25.6

530 24.8 25.6

Table 5. Ranges of daily mean specific conductance at four 

depths at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 

AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texas, 2010–11.

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius]

Depth

(feet below landsurface datum)

Minimum daily 

mean specific 

conductance

Maximum daily 

mean specific 

conductance

380 181 221

460 186 215

520 180 215

530 191 243
-60

-40

-20

0

2040

60

8/1/2009 11/9/2009 2/17/2010 5/28/2010 9/5/2010 12/14/2010 3/24/2011 7/2/2011 

Dailyinjection (positive values)

andwithdrawal (negative values)ofwater, inmillion gallons 

Date

EXPLANATION

380 feet460 feet520 feet530 feet

All ASR wellsWells within 1 mile of monitoring well C8

Daily injection and withdrawal volumes Specific conductance values measured

 at various depths below land surface

Figure 6. Daily mean specific conductance at four depths at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, Texavolume of water injected or withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site.
18 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

100

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

100

80

60

40

20

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

100

80

60

40

20

0 100

80

60

40

20

0

McCoy well

8/14/2008

Ray well

6/30/2011

Percent milliequivalents

Calcium

Magnesium

Sodium

plus

potassium

Chloride

Alkalinity

Sulfate

Sulfate plus

chloride

Calcium

plus

magnesium

EXPLANATION

Well name (fig. 1, table 1)

McCoy

Palmer

ASR17

Ray

ASR5

ASR8

ASR9

PO2

Picosa

Oak Hills

Artesia (Edwards aquifer source well)

Seale (Edwards aquifer source well)

Sample collected while Edwards aquifer water

 was being injected at the ASR site

Sample collected while water was being withdrawn 

 at the ASR site

Figure 7. Trilinear diagram showing composition of water samples collected from 12 wells at and near an aquifer storage and recovery 

(ASR) site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11. 
Discrete Groundwater Quality 19

Isotopes

The relation between δD and δ18O in water samples 

collected from the 12 wells is plotted with two meteoric 

water lines (fig. 9). Craig (1961) constructed the global 

meteoric water line by using isotopic signatures (the unique 

concentrations of δD and δ18O measured in different samples) 

from precipitation all over the world, whereas Pape and others 

(2010) constructed the local meteoric water line (LMWL) by 

using isotopic signatures for δD and δ18O from precipitation 

in central Texas. Samples collected from the Edwards aquifer 

source wells, Artesia and Seale, plotted below the LMWL of 

δD = 7.1 * δ18O + 6.7 calculated by Pape and others (2010), 

indicating that the lighter water molecules were preferentially 

removed by evaporation before precipitation entered the 

Edwards aquifer as recharge. 

Preinjection Carrizo Aquifer Water Quality

Otero and Petri (2010) assessed the quality of 

groundwater in the Carrizo aquifer before any water from the 

Edwards aquifer was injected at the ASR site. Samples were 

collected from selected wells completed in the Carrizo aquifer 

within a 20-mile radius of the ASR site. Historical data from 

their study were evaluated to represent water chemistry of the 

Carrizo aquifer prior to injection of water from the Edwards 

aquifer into the ASR site.

Major-Ion Chemistry

Otero and Petri (2010) showed that calcium, sodium, 

bicarbonate, and chloride concentrations in the samples 

collected from the Carrizo aquifer wells varied greatly in the 

study area, resulting in a wide range of water types. Wells 

in the recharge zone and shallow sections of the confined 

Carrizo aquifer produced water with small concentrations of 

major ions. Confined wells located generally in the western 

section of the study area produced water with relatively large 

calcium concentrations compared to water sampled from the 

other wells in the study area. Confined wells located generally 

in the eastern section of the study area produced water with 

relatively large sodium and bicarbonate concentrations 

compared to the other wells in the study area.

Trace-Element Chemistry

The largest dissolved iron concentrations in the study 

area were measured by Otero and Petri (2010) in samples 

collected from the wells in the recharge zone and shallow 

sections of the confined Carrizo aquifer. The smallest 

dissolved iron concentrations in the study area were measured 

in samples collected from confined wells located generally in 

the western section of the study area. Dissolved manganese 

concentrations varied greatly and generally were smaller in 

confined wells located in the eastern section of the study area 

compared to all other wells in the study area.

Isotopes

Similar to the highly variable major-ion and traceelement concentrations in the samples collected by Otero 

and Petri (2010) from the Carrizo aquifer prior to injection 

of water from the Edwards aquifer at the ASR site, isotope 

concentrations and ratios in the samples also were highly 

variable: δD ranged from -27.50 to -20.90 per mil, and δ18O 

ranged from -4.94 to -3.66 per mil.

Postinjection Carrizo Aquifer Water Quality

After water from the Edwards aquifer was injected at the 

ASR site beginning in June 2004, the quality of groundwater 

in the Carrizo aquifer was assessed in 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 

and 2011. Four Carrizo aquifer wells (McCoy, Ray, Picosa, 

and Oak Hills) that had been sampled in 2004 by Otero and 

Petri (2010) were selected for long-term sampling. (Samples 

collected from the McCoy, Picosa, and Oak Hills wells were 

collected again in 2005; the Ray well was not sampled in 

2005 because of mechanical difficulties with the well pump.) 

Beginning in 2008, five wells at the ASR site (ASR5, ASR8, 

ASR9, ASR17, and PO2) and the McCoy, Palmer, Ray, Picosa, 

and Oak Hills wells were selected to be sampled annually 

to characterize postinjection water from the Carrizo aquifer. 

Wells ASR5, ASR8, ASR9, and ASR17 at the ASR site are 

used for injection and subsequent recovery of water from the 

Edwards aquifer; well PO2 is designed to pump water from, 

but not inject water into, the Carrizo aquifer. Because of 

mechanical difficulties with the well pumps, the Palmer well 

was not sampled in 2008, and the ASR8 well was not sampled 

in 2008 and 2010.

Major-Ion Chemistry

Water samples collected from the ASR5, ASR8, ASR9, 

and ASR17 wells plot as calcium-bicarbonate type water 

(fig. 7). Little variation is evident in the samples collected 

over time from the individual wells, regardless of whether the 

ASR site was injecting or withdrawing water (figs. 7 and 8; 

table 1). Similarity of major-ion chemistry between the Artesia 

and Seale wells and the four ASR wells (ASR5, ASR8, ASR9, 

and ASR17) indicates that the water withdrawn from the ASR 

wells is most likely the same water that was injected into the 

ASR wells; little, if any, migration of injected water away 

from the ASR wells occurred. 
20 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Figure 8. Stiff diagrams showing composition of water samples collected from 12 wells at and near an aquifer storage and recovery 

site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11. A, 2004. B, 2005. C, 2008. D, 2009. E, 2010. F, 2011.

2004 samples 2005 samples 2008 samples

A B C

Milliequivalents per liter

5432101234 5 5432101234 5 5432101234 5

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Ca Alk Mg

Na SO4

Cl Alk Ca Mg

Na SO4

Cl Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

SO4

Cl

Ca Alk

Mg

Na

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

SO4

Cl

Alk

SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na

Ca

Mg

Na

Ca

Mg

Na

Ca

Mg

Na

SO4

Cl

Alk

SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Calcium (Ca)

Magnesium (Mg)

Sodium (Na) Sulfate (SO4)

Chloride (Cl)

Alkalinity (Alk)

EXPLANATION

Cations Anions

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED NOT SAMPLED NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

McCoy

ASR5

Ray

ASR17

Palmer

Artesia

(Edwards aquifer

source well)

Oak Hills

Picosa

PO2

ASR9

Seale

(Edwards aquifer

source well)

ASR8

Wells
Discrete Groundwater Quality 21

Figure 8. Stiff diagrams showing composition of water samples collected from 12 wells at and near an aquifer storage and recovery 

site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11. A, 2004. B, 2005. C, 2008. D, 2009. E, 2010. F, 2011.—Continued 

2009 samples 2010 samples 2011 samples

D E F

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Ca Alk

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Ca Alk

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Ca Alk

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca Mg

Na SO4

Cl Alk Ca Mg

Na SO4

Cl Alk Ca Mg

Na SO4

Cl Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Ca Alk

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Ca Alk

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Ca Alk Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

5432101234 5 5432101234 5 5432101234 5

Ca

Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk Ca Mg

Na SO4

Cl

Alk

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

NOT SAMPLED

McCoy

ASR5

Ray

ASR17

Palmer

Oak Hills

Picosa

PO2

ASR9

ASR8

Wells

Calcium (Ca)

Magnesium (Mg)

Sodium (Na) Sulfate (SO4)

Chloride (Cl)

Alkalinity (Alk)

EXPLANATION

Cations Anions

Milliequivalents per liter

Artesia

(Edwards aquifer

source well)

Seale

(Edwards aquifer

source well)
Figure 9. Relation between delta deuterium and delta oxygen-18 for 12 wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, AtascTexas, 2004–11.

-29-28-27-26-25-24-23

-5.4 -5.2 -5.0 -4.8 -4.6 -4.4 

Deltadeuterium, inpermil

Delta oxygen-18, in per mil

Global meteoric water line (Craig, 1961)

Local meteoric water line (Pape and others, 2010) McCoy

PalmerASR17RayASR5ASR8ASR9PO2PicosaOak HillsArtesia (Edwards aquifer source well)Seale (Edwards aquifer source well)

Sample collected in 2004Sample collected in 2011

Well name (fig. 1, table 1)

EXPLANATION
Discrete Groundwater Quality 23

Water sampled from the PO2, Palmer, Ray, and Picosa 

wells vary in water type (fig. 7). The major-ion chemistry in 

most of the water sampled from June 2004 through July 2011 

in these four wells did not change substantially, regardless of 

whether the ASR wells were injecting or withdrawing water, 

with the exception of the sample collected from the Ray well 

in 2011 (fig. 7; fig. 8). A greater alkalinity value and a smaller 

concentration of sulfate were measured in the sample collected 

from the Ray well in 2011 than in all other samples collected 

at this well. An increase in alkalinity could be an indicator that 

water from the Edwards aquifer injected into the ASR site for 

more than 6 years is beginning to move into at least a part of 

the water-bearing strata that supply the Ray well. 

The major-ion chemistry in most of the water sampled 

from the McCoy and Oak Hills wells from June 2004 through 

July 2011 did not change appreciably, regardless of whether 

the ASR site was injecting or withdrawing water, with the 

exception of the sample collected from the McCoy well in 

2008 (fig. 7; fig. 8). Calcium compositions were smaller and 

sodium compositions were larger in the sample collected 

from the McCoy well in 2008 compared to all other samples 

collected from this well. The reason for this change in majorion chemistry is not known, and the major-ion compositions 

returned to previously measured levels in 2009 and remained 

constant throughout the rest of the study period. 

Trace-Element Chemistry

The percent differences (PD) in dissolved iron and 

manganese concentrations between samples first collected at 

a well and those collected in subsequent sampling years are 

shown in table 6. PD was computed by using the equation 

PD = ((C1 – C3)/C3) × 100, (3)

where 

C1 is the concentration from subsequent years’ 

environmental sample, and 

 C3 is the concentration from first year 

environmental sample.

The PDs for dissolved iron ranged from a 100-percent 

decrease between the samples collected in 2004 and 2008 

in the McCoy well to a 5,870-percent increase between the 

samples collected in 2004 and 2005 in the same well, whereas 

the PDs for dissolved manganese ranged from an 83.6-percent 

decrease between the samples collected in 2005 and 2009 in 

the ASR5 well to a 359-percent increase between the samples 

collected in 2004 and 2011 in the Ray well. 

Substantial increases in dissolved iron and manganese 

concentrations were observed in the Palmer and Ray wells 

in 2011. These wells are located southeast and downgradient 

from the ASR site along the regional flow direction of the 

Carrizo aquifer (fig. 1). The increase in dissolved iron and 

manganese in these wells could indicate that the injected 

Edwards aquifer water had begun to migrate into at least a part 

of the strata supplying these wells and might have caused iron 

and manganese mobilization in the Carrizo aquifer. Increased 

dissolved iron concentrations in the ASR5 and ASR8 wells 

and increased dissolved manganese concentration in the ASR5 

well in 2011 indicate that water from the Edwards aquifer 

injected into those wells might have been removed after more 

than 90 days of withdrawal at the ASR site (table 7) and had 

begun to be replaced by either native Carrizo aquifer water or 

a mix of water from the Edwards aquifer and native Carrizo 

aquifer water. 

Isotopes

The δ18O and δD values in water from the ASR site wells 

(ASR5, ASR8, ASR9, and ASR17) were similar to those in 

water from the Edwards aquifer source wells (Artesia and 

Seale), indicating that the water injected into these four ASR 

wells did not migrate away from the wells before it was 

recovered. The δ18O values measured in samples collected 

from these four wells ranged from -4.43 to -4.12 per mil, and 

δ D values ranged from -25.6 to -23.5 per mil (app. 1). Similar 

to the isotopes values measured in samples collected from 

the Artesia and Seale wells, the isotope values measured in 

samples collected from wells ASR5, ASR8, ASR9, and ASR17 

plot below the LMWL (Pape and others, 2010) (fig. 9).

The δ18O values in samples collected from the PO2, 

McCoy, Palmer, Ray, Picosa, and Oak Hills wells ranged from 

-4.99 to -4.77 per mil, and δD values ranged from -28.2 to 

-24.5 per mil (app. 1); the δ18O and δD values plotted above 

the LMWL (Pape and others, 2010) (fig. 9), indicating that 

the water collected from these wells had not been subjected to 

much evaporation prior to recharge into the Carrizo aquifer. 

The δ18O and δD values were generally less than those in the 

samples collected from the Edwards aquifer source wells and 

ASR site wells (ASR5, ASR8, ASR9, and ASR17), indicating 

that, during the study period, injected water from the Edwards 

aquifer either had not migrated into the water-bearing strata 

that supply these wells or that, if it had, the volumes were 

small enough that the isotopic signature of the native water 

from the Carrizo aquifer dominated the isotopic signature of 

the injected Edwards aquifer water. 
24 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Table 6. Dissolved iron and dissolved manganese concentrations in samples from 10 wells at and near an aquifer storage and 

recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11, with percent difference between concentration in first sample 

collected at well and subsequent samples.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not computed]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

number

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

name

Sample 

date

Iron1

(μg/L)

Percent difference 

between dissolved iron 

concentration in first 

sample collected at 

well and subsequent 

samples 

Manganese1

(μg/L)

Percent difference 

between dissolved 

manganese concentration 

in first sample collected 

at well and subsequent 

samples 

ASR5 290732098251101 AY–68–53–811 7/18/2008 5 -- 11.6 --

6/11/2009 19 280 9.2 -20.7

8/5/2010 10 100 1.9 -83.6

7/1/2011 99 1,880 11.3 -2.6

ASR8 290750098235301 AY–68–53–912 5/9/2005 0 -- 0 --

6/11/2009 0 -- 10.1 --

7/1/2011 58 -- 11.4 --

ASR9 290809098232301 AY–68–53–913 7/18/2008 87 -- 8.6 --

6/11/2009 3 -96.6 5.9 -31.4

8/5/2010 13 -85.1 7.9 -8.1

7/1/2011 20 -77.0 9.2 7.0

ASR17 290657098242801 AY–68–61–319 7/18/2008 279 -- 15.8 --

6/11/2009 3 -98.9 8.2 -48.1

8/5/2010 186 -33.3 24.1 52.5

PO2 290838098241401 AY–68–53–916 7/28/2008 373 -- 10.8 --

6/11/2009 316 -15.3 10 -7.4

8/5/2010 2,300 517 42.5 294

7/1/2011 699 87.4 16.2 50.0

McCoy 290403098293201 AL–68–61–413 6/14/2004 10 -- 26.7 --

9/19/2005 597 5,870 24 -10.1

8/14/2008 0 -100 34.3 28.5

7/8/2009 342 3,320 40 49.8

8/6/2010 497 4,870 25.1 -6.0

6/30/2011 394 3,840 29.7 11.2

Table 6. Dissolved iron and dissolved manganese concentrations in samples from 10 wells at and near an aquifer storage and 

recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11, with percent difference between concentration in first sample 

collected at well and subsequent samples.

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not computed]
Discrete Groundwater Quality 25

Table 6. Dissolved iron and dissolved manganese concentrations in samples from 10 wells at and near an aquifer storage and 

recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11, with percent difference between concentration in first sample 

collected at well and subsequent samples.—Continued

[μg/L, micrograms per liter; --, not computed]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

number

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

name

Sample 

date

Iron1

(μg/L)

Percent difference 

between dissolved iron 

concentration in first 

sample collected at 

well and subsequent 

samples 

Manganese1

(μg/L)

Percent difference 

between dissolved 

manganese concentration 

in first sample collected 

at well and subsequent 

samples 

Oak 

Hills

291330098143301 ZL–68–55–111 6/15/2004 2,310 -- 125 --

9/20/2005 2,150 -6.9 136 8.8

7/14/2008 1,920 -16.9 118 -5.6

7/7/2009 1,650 -28.6 120 -4.0

8/6/2010 1,970 -14.7 125 0

6/29/2011 2,090 -9.5 123 -1.6

Palmer 290546098234801 AL–68–61–320 7/7/2009 1,220 -- 24.1 --

8/6/2010 1,300 6.6 25.6 6.2

7/1/2011 4,130 239 107 344

Picosa 290849098174001 ZL–68–54–807 6/14/2004 1,400 -- 51.7 --

9/19/2005 2,530 80.7 136 163

7/21/2008 3,270 134 162 213

7/8/2009 1,570 12.1 56.1 8.5

8/6/2010 1,160 -17.1 50.6 -2.1

6/29/2011 1,400 0 51.9 0.4

Ray 290727098211301 ZL–68–62–108 6/17/2004 2,550 -- 46.6 --

7/15/2008 4,690 83.9 76.1 63.3

7/7/2009 3,280 28.6 48.3 3.6

8/5/2010 2,970 16.5 37.5 -19.5

6/30/2011 13,300 422 214 359

1

Nondetections considered zero for percent difference computation.
26 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Summary

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with 

the San Antonio Water System (SAWS), collected data during 

2004–11 to characterize the quality of native groundwater 

from the Edwards aquifer and preinjection and postinjection 

water from the Carrizo aquifer (informal name commonly 

applied to the upper part of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in the 

area) at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site 

in Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas. Findings of 

the study are intended to provide a better understanding of 

possible changes in the quality of groundwater near an active 

ASR site that might result from the mixing of water from 

different aquifers. Possible iron and manganese mobilization, 

caused by changes in reduction-oxidation reaction (redox) 

conditions in an aquifer that might occur when nonnative 

water is introduced to the aquifer, was a concern at the 

ASR site. 

Daily mean water-level altitude, water temperature, and 

specific conductance were measured continuously (hourly) in 

a monitoring well (USGS station AY–68–53–928; hereinafter, 

C8) on the ASR site from August 2009–September 2011 to 

determine how injection and withdrawal from the wells at 

the ASR site might affect local groundwater altitude, water 

temperature, and specific conductance. Daily mean water 

temperature and specific conductance were collected at four 

depths corresponding to the bottom of the deepest of three 

screened intervals and the centers of the three intervals in the 

monitoring well.

Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 

selected physical properties and constituents to characterize 

the quality of native groundwater from the Edwards aquifer 

and preinjection and postinjection water from the Carrizo 

aquifer near the ASR site. Water-chemistry and isotope data 

were analyzed to evaluate the quality of water in the Carrizo 

aquifer prior to and after water from the Edwards aquifer was 

Table 7. Summary of conditions at an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, for dates 

on which samples were collected, 2004–11.

[N/A, not applicable]

Sample 

dates

Total volume injected at 

ASR site since June 29, 2004 

(million gallons)

Total volume withdrawn at 

ASR site since June 29, 2004 

(million gallons)

Days of withdrawal 

immediately prior 

to sampling date

Average daily withdrawal rate 

during days prior to sampling 

(million gallons per day)

6/14/2004 N/A N/A N/A N/A 

6/15/2004 N/A N/A N/A N/A 

6/17/2004 N/A N/A N/A N/A 

5/9/2005 3,329.88 118.39 0 N/A 

9/19/2005 4,632.68 419.53 0 N/A 

9/20/2005 4,650.84 419.53 0 N/A 

7/14/2008 18,416.91 3,016.46 20 8.94 

7/15/2008 18,416.91 3,025.13 21 9.02 

7/18/2008 18,416.91 3,050.77 24 8.95 

7/21/2008 18,416.91 3,054.37 27 8.42 

7/28/2008 18,416.91 3,080.95 34 7.40 

8/14/2008 18,522.09 3,087.31 0 N/A 

6/11/2009 20,244.74 4,088.79 22 22.39 

6/24/2009 20,307.87 4,127.36 0 N/A 

7/7/2009 20,399.30 4,127.36 0 N/A 

7/8/2009 20,399.30 4,127.36 0 N/A 

7/20/2010 29,893.66 5,363.81 0 N/A 

8/5/2010 30,419.80 5,363.81 0 N/A 

8/6/2010 30,449.74 5,363.81 0 N/A 

6/29/2011 35,566.62 8,247.24 93 23.64 

6/30/2011 35,566.62 8,287.96 94 23.84 

7/1/2011 35,566.62 8,329.39 95 24.02 
Summary 27

injected at the ASR site. Water-chemistry and isotope data also 

were used to evaluate whether any change in water-chemistry 

or isotope composition occurred on the basis of the status 

of the ASR site (whether water was being injected into or 

withdrawn from the site).

During injection periods, the water-level altitude in well 

C8 generally increased as the amount of water being injected 

into all wells at the ASR site increased and decreased as the 

amount of water being injected into all wells at the ASR site 

decreased. During withdrawal periods, the water-level altitude 

in well C8 generally increased as the total volume of water 

being withdrawn from all wells at the ASR site decreased 

and generally decreased as the total volume of water being 

withdrawn from all wells increased. 

Daily mean water temperature values fluctuated by less 

than 1 degree Celsius from August 20, 2009, to September 30, 

2011, at all four depths in well C8 and were determined to be 

independent of injection or withdrawal conditions. Daily mean 

specific-conductance values measured at the bottom of the 

deepest screened interval appeared to react both independently 

and dependently of changes to total volumes injected into or 

withdrawn from all wells at the ASR site. Examination of the 

volume of water injected into or withdrawn from wells within 

1 mile of the monitoring well provided no additional evidence 

into the cause of the differences in daily mean specificconductance values at that depth in the monitoring well. Daily 

mean specific-conductance values measured from depths 

corresponding to the centers of the three screened intervals in 

the monitoring well were similar and reacted in the same way 

to changes in total volume of water injected into or withdrawn 

from the ASR site. Like the daily mean specific-conductance 

values measured at the bottom of the deepest screened interval 

in the monitoring well, the daily mean specific-conductance 

values for the four shallower depths also seemed to react both 

independently and dependently of changes to total volumes 

injected into or withdrawn from all wells at the ASR site. 

The two wells from which water from the Edwards 

aquifer is supplied to the ASR were sampled to monitor 

for temporal changes so that any changes in the water 

chemistry of the water being injected at the ASR site could 

be ascertained No substantial differences were measured 

in major-ion, trace-element, or isotope chemistry of water 

samples collected from the Edwards aquifer wells, indicating 

that any substantial differences in major-ion chemistry 

between the Edwards aquifer source wells and the ASR wells 

most likely will have been caused by subsurface processes 

that occurred during the time when the water was stored in the 

Carrizo aquifer at the ASR site.

Quality of groundwater in the Carrizo aquifer had 

been assessed in a previous study before any water from the 

Edwards aquifer was injected at the ASR site. Samples had 

been collected from selected wells in the Carrizo aquifer 

within a 20-mile radius of the ASR site in June 2004. These 

historical data were evaluated to represent water chemistry 

of the Carrizo aquifer prior to injection of water from the 

Edwards aquifer into the ASR site.

After water from the Edwards aquifer was injected at the 

ASR site beginning in June 2004, the quality of groundwater 

in the Carrizo aquifer was assessed five times during the 

next 7 years (2005–11). Five wells at the ASR site (including 

four wells designed to inject and withdraw water and one 

well designed to pump water from, but not inject water into, 

the Carrizo aquifer) and five wells completed in the Carrizo 

aquifer near the ASR site were sampled for major-ion, traceelement, and isotope chemistry.

Little variation in water chemistry was evident in the 

samples collected over time from the four wells designed 

to inject and withdraw water at the ASR site, regardless of 

whether the ASR site was injecting or withdrawing water. 

Similarity of major-ion and isotope chemistry between 

the Edwards aquifer source wells and the four ASR wells 

indicated that the water withdrawn from the ASR wells is 

most likely the same water that was injected into the ASR 

wells, indicating that little, if any, migration of injected water 

away from the ASR wells occurred. Increases in dissolved 

iron concentrations in samples collected from two of the 

injection/withdrawal wells (along with an increased dissolved 

manganese concentration in another sample collected in 2011) 

indicated that the water from the Edwards aquifer injected into 

those wells might have been removed after more than 90 days 

of withdrawal at the ASR site and had begun to be replaced by 

either native Carrizo aquifer water or a mix of water from the 

Edwards aquifer and native Carrizo aquifer water.

The major-ion, trace-element, and isotope chemistry in 

most of the water sampled from June 2004 through July 2011 

in the five wells completed in the Carrizo aquifer near the ASR 

site and the well at the ASR site designed to pump water from, 

but not inject water into, the Carrizo aquifer did not change 

substantially, regardless of whether the ASR site was injecting 

or withdrawing water. In a well located closest to the ASR 

site in the direction of regional flow for the Carrizo aquifer, 

however, a greater alkalinity value and a smaller concentration 

of sulfate were measured in the sample collected in 2011 than 

in all other samples collected at this well. Substantial increases 

in dissolved iron and manganese concentrations also were 

observed in this well and another well downgradient from the 

ASR site along the regional groundwater flow direction. The 

increased alkalinity value and dissolved iron and manganese 

concentrations and the decreased sulfate concentration in 

water from the well could indicate that the injected water from 

the Edwards aquifer had begun to move into at least a part of 

the strata supplying these wells and might be causing iron and 

manganese mobilization in the Carrizo aquifer. 

Isotope chemistry in the samples collected from the 

four wells designed to inject and withdraw water from the 

Carrizo aquifer at the ASR site was similar to that in the 

samples collected from the two wells that supply the water 

from the Edwards aquifer for injection at the ASR site. Isotope 

chemistry in these samples indicated that the water supplying 

these wells was subjected to some degree of evaporation prior 

to recharging an aquifer. Isotope chemistry in the samples 

collected from the well designed to only withdraw water from 
28 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

the Carrizo aquifer at the ASR site was similar to that in the 

samples collected from the five wells completed in the Carrizo 

aquifer near the ASR site. Isotope chemistry in these samples 

indicated that, unlike the water sampled from the Edwards 

aquifer supply wells, the water supplying these wells had not 

been subjected to much evaporation prior to recharging an 

aquifer. The lack of variation in isotope chemistry in the two 

groups of wells indicates that, during the study period, injected 

water from the Edwards aquifer either had not migrated 

into the strata that supply these wells or that, if it had, the 

volumes were small enough that the isotopic signature of the 

native water from the Carrizo aquifer dominated the isotopic 

signature of the injected water.

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Appendix 1—Water-Quality and Isotope Data from Wells 

Sampled at and near an Aquifer Storage and Recovery Site, 

Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11

Appendix 1
32 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11—Continued.

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

number

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

name

Sample 

date

Sample 

start 

time

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

pH 

(standard 

units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm at 

25 °C)

Water 

temperature 

(°C)

Turbidity 

(NTRU)

Sampling 

depth 

(feet)

Edwards aquifer source wells

Artesia 292557098261401 AY–68–37–508 5/9/2005 1345 4.9 7.3 510 27 <2.0 569

6/24/2009 1100 7.7 7.5 516 26.5 <2.0 --

6/24/2009 R 1105 7.7 7.5 516 26.5 E4.2 --

7/16/2010 B 1100 -- -- -- -- <2.0 --

7/20/2010 1015 6.8 7.6 517 26.7 <2.0 --

Seale 292643098242101 AY–68–37–610 5/9/2005 1425 4.7 7.3 505 27.1 <2.0 542

6/24/2009 1000 7.3 7.5 512 -- E2.2 --

7/20/2010 1100 5.3 7.3 511 26.7 <2.0 --

ASR injection/withdrawal wells

ASR5 290732098251101 AY–68–53–811 7/18/2008 800 3.1 7.1 520 25 <2.0 --

6/11/2009 1130 4.6 7 435 25 <2.0 --

8/5/2010 1230 0.6 7 530 25.7 E4.1 --

7/1/2011 1145 0.6 6.9 509 24.9 <2.0 --

ASR8 290750098235301 AY–68–53–912 5/9/2005 1600 5.9 7.5 510 26.3 <2.0 --

6/11/2009 1430 4.1 7.2 507 25.5 <2.0 --

7/1/2011 1000 0.7 6.9 417 25.5 <2.0 --

ASR9 290809098232301 AY–68–53–913 7/18/2008 1100 3 7.1 515 24.5 <2.0 --

6/11/2009 1530 4.4 7.2 512 25 <2.0 --

8/5/2010 1300 0.6 7.1 534 25.7 <2.0 --

7/1/2011 900 0.6 7 514 24.8 <2.0 --

ASR17 290657098242801 AY–68–61–319 7/18/2008 1000 3.1 7 E474 25 2.4 --

6/11/2009 1330 4.5 7.1 503 25 <2.0 --

8/5/2010 1530 0.5 6.7 464 26.4 E3.1 --

ASR production-only well

PO2 290838098241401 AY–68–53–916 7/28/2008 1430 3.7 5.8 E208 25 <2.0 355

6/11/2009 1030 5.4 6 214 25 <2.0 --

8/5/2010 1630 0.5 5.8 212 25.2 <2.0 --

7/1/2011 1045 1 5.6 216 25.2 <2.0 --

Carrizo aquifer wells

McCoy 290403098293201 AL–68–61–413 6/14/2004 1330 5.9 7.2 561 29 2.5 320

9/19/2005 1010 4.5 7.2 531 29.5 5.7 320

8/14/2008 1200 4.1 7.8 549 29.5 E1.9 320

7/8/2009 1100 0.8 7.7 514 28.4 E3.4 --

8/6/2010 1500 1 7.2 551 29.6 E3.1 --

6/30/2011 1300 5.1 7.5 545 29.5 E2.9 --

6/30/2011 R 1305 5.1 7.5 545 29.5 E3.1 --

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11.

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]
Appendix 1 33

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11—Continued.

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

number

U.S. Geological 

Survey station 

name

Sample 

date

Sample 

start 

time

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

pH 

(standard 

units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm at 

25 °C)

Water 

temperature 

(°C)

Turbidity 

(NTRU)

Sampling 

depth 

(feet)

Oak Hills 291330098143301 ZL–68–55–111 6/15/2004 930 <1.0 6.4 255 24 21 275

9/20/2005 1030 2.9 6.5 253 24.5 16 273

7/14/2008 1100 4.1 6.7 E247 24.5 13 273

7/7/2009 930 3.8 6.7 246 24.2 E12 --

8/6/2010 1000 0.5 6.4 246 24.3 E12 --

6/29/2011 1130 0.7 6.7 246 24.3 E8.1 --

Palmer 290546098234801 AL–68–61–320 7/7/2009 1100 3 6.1 247 27.6 <2.0 --

8/6/2010 1330 0.4 5.8 249 27.7 <2.0 --

8/6/2010 R 1335 0.4 5.8 249 27.7 <2.0 --

7/1/2011 1400 0.6 6.2 252 27.9 <2.0 --

Picosa 290849098174001 ZL–68–54–807 6/14/2004 1130 <1.0 6.1 346 29 5.3 231

9/19/2005 1310 3.9 6.6 349 29 13 231

7/21/2008 B 800 -- -- -- -- <2.0 --

7/21/2008 900 E4.2 E7.7 E312 E27.0 9.6 231

7/8/2009 930 2.3 6.7 348 29 E6.8 --

8/6/2010 1200 0.4 6.4 341 29.2 E3.3 --

6/29/2011 1000 0.6 6.7 342 29.3 E2.7 --

Ray 290727098211301 ZL–68–62–108 6/17/2004 1100 E5.5 E6.8 E304 E27.5 22 --

7/15/2008 1800 1.7 6.3 E270 28 12 310

7/7/2009 1900 1.9 6.1 266 27.9 E7.0 --

8/5/2010 1800 1.3 6.1 261 28 E12 --

6/30/2011 1800 3.9 6.5 286 27.4 93 --

6/30/2011 B 1830 -- -- -- -- <2.0 --
34 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

Total 

dissolved 

solids 

(mg/L)

Calcium 

(mg/L)

Magnesium 

(mg/L)

Potassium 

(mg/L)

Sodium 

(mg/L)

Alkalinity 

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Chloride 

(mg/L)

Fluoride 

(mg/L)

Silica 

(mg/L) 

Sulfate 

(mg/L)

Aluminum 

(μg/L)

Barium 

(μg/L)

Beryllium 

(μg/L)

Edwards aquifer source wells

Artesia 289 70.9 18.3 1.25 11.6 200 23.6 0.28 13.2 24.8 4.3 115 <0.06

296 68.2 17.5 1.24 11.3 209 23.5 0.27 12.8 26.1 4.6 107 <0.02

292 67.5 17.4 1.23 11.3 208 23.2 0.26 12.7 26.1 18.9 107 <0.02

<10 <0.04 <0.016 <0.06 <0.10 <8 <0.12 <0.08 <0.06 <0.18 <3.4 <0.14 <0.01

302 67.2 17.5 1.17 10.8 202 24.4 0.27 12.1 25.6 <3.4 117 <0.01

Seale 295 71 18 1.23 11.4 199 23.1 0.29 13.2 23.9 2.8 114 <0.06

282 67.1 17.6 1.2 11.3 205 22.9 0.26 12.6 24.7 11.6 106 <0.02

288 68.2 17.4 1.16 10.9 194 24 0.26 12 24.1 <3.4 118 <0.01

ASR injection/withdrawal wells

ASR5 264 73.1 15.2 1.39 11.1 200 19.2 0.35 11.8 39.3 1.8 70 <0.01

256 54.4 12.3 1.88 11.9 168 22.8 0.3 14.7 32.3 <4.0 69 <0.02

314 75.4 16.7 1.38 10.3 203 20.8 0.24 13.1 38.2 5.1 83 <0.01

290 66.6 15.5 1.3 10.3 187 21.1 0.42 12.6 38.5 <1.7 77 <0.01

ASR8 290 72.5 18.2 1.27 11.7 199 24.4 0.54 13.5 23.8 16.3 107 E0.05

289 67.5 15.4 1.66 11.4 197 23.2 0.31 12.5 38.4 <4.0 85 <0.02

245 48.1 11.3 1.82 12.1 138 25.1 0.3 16.3 30.6 <1.7 81 0.01

ASR9 313 71.8 15.4 1.42 10.6 197 18.8 0.47 11.5 39.3 E1.2 62 E0.01

298 68.8 15.9 1.31 10.4 210 20.1 0.4 12.3 38.8 38.7 62 <0.02

313 73.8 16.2 1.26 10.1 208 21 0.25 12.4 35.5 6.8 84 <0.01

293 66.2 15.5 1.16 10.1 194 21.1 0.44 12 38.9 1.8 69 <0.01

ASR17 255 62.4 13.5 2.07 11.8 169 21.5 0.4 13.4 39.4 E1.1 78 0.01

292 66.2 15.3 1.46 10.3 206 19.6 0.31 12.5 37.9 <4.0 69 <0.02

270 59.9 14.7 3.74 10.7 165 20.8 0.41 14.9 38.8 <3.4 128 E0.01

ASR production-only well

PO2 147 11 2.77 5.8 18.3 17 35 <0.12 24.4 18 <1.6 90 0.1

138 11 2.82 5.42 18.3 26 34.7 E0.06 24.5 19.1 <4.0 94 0.11

144 11.5 2.71 5.57 17.2 21 35.1 E0.07 23.7 17.3 E2.8 100 0.1

145 10.7 2.9 5.55 18.8 15 38.6 0.04 27.1 18.1 <1.7 108 0.13

Carrizo aquifer wells

McCoy 312 54.1 11.2 6.92 36.4 167 40.5 <0.17 13.3 50.2 <1.6 75 <0.06

325 58.8 11.7 7.16 34 162 39.2 0.18 13.4 52.2 <1.6 73 <0.06

322 32.4 7.07 6.14 72.1 E82 31 0.26 12.7 39.8 <1.6 66 M

299 57.6 11.3 6.76 30.8 172 37 0.13 12.6 50.6 186 78 <0.02

317 57.7 11.4 7.28 33.2 186 38.8 0.19 12.6 50.5 15.9 84 <0.01

303 51.4 10.6 6.51 34.5 166 38 0.15 13.4 49.7 <1.7 95 <0.01

324 52.8 11.1 6.78 36.7 162 37.8 0.17 13.8 49.6 <1.7 99 <0.01
Appendix 1 35

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

Total 

dissolved 

solids 

(mg/L)

Calcium 

(mg/L)

Magnesium 

(mg/L)

Potassium 

(mg/L)

Sodium 

(mg/L)

Alkalinity 

(mg/L as 

CaCO3)

Chloride 

(mg/L)

Fluoride 

(mg/L)

Silica 

(mg/L) 

Sulfate 

(mg/L)

Aluminum 

(μg/L)

Barium 

(μg/L)

Beryllium 

(μg/L)

Oak Hills 156 22.8 3.45 5.18 17.2 63 26 0.17 24.4 14.3 <1.6 104 <0.06

153 22.7 3.46 5.1 15.5 64 24.2 0.19 23.6 14.8 <1.6 99 <0.06

151 21.7 3.43 5.41 15.8 63 23 0.21 23.8 16.7 <1.6 99 0.01

-- 22.1 3.55 5.05 14.8 72 23 0.15 23.1 16.7 <4.0 102 E0.02

163 22.8 3.62 5.38 15.9 64 23.8 0.19 23.1 15.4 E1.9 113 0.02

141 21.1 3.64 4.94 15.4 63 24.2 0.16 25.4 15 <1.7 111 0.02

Palmer 150 15.1 3.26 6.61 20.7 37 37 E0.05 18.1 25.4 80.1 84 0.13

160 14.7 3.4 6.59 19.9 25 36.8 0.09 18 23.1 <3.4 93 0.11

145 15.3 3.32 6.76 20 29 38 0.1 18.3 23.1 49.9 253 0.12

149 15.9 3.58 6.7 19.6 43 37.5 0.07 18.1 20.3 <1.7 94 0.08

Picosa 207 28.3 4.77 7.37 22.9 55 44.7 <0.17 16.6 33.1 <1.6 91 <0.06

197 28.9 4.97 7.35 22 58 45.2 0.14 15.1 28.9 <1.6 98 <0.06

<10 <0.04 <0.020 <0.02 <0.12 <5 <0.12 <0.12 0.04 <0.18 <1.6 <0.4 <0.01

204 27.2 4.95 7.62 22.5 63 44.2 0.13 15.2 28 <1.6 89 0.02

206 28.8 5.07 7.39 21.1 63 42.8 E0.09 16.1 33.6 91.7 89 0.03

189 28.5 4.99 7.62 21.5 54 42.5 0.16 15.8 32.8 3.7 98 0.03

199 26.4 4.93 7.01 21.1 53 43.9 0.09 16.6 33.2 <1.7 92 0.03

Ray 165 22.1 4.72 6.37 20.7 48 37.8 <0.17 18.5 22.7 <1.6 100 0.07

165 18.1 4.04 6.54 19.6 45 34.6 0.12 18.2 22.7 <1.6 89 0.06

148 17.8 4.14 6.22 19.1 50 34.9 E0.09 18.3 23.4 65.3 95 0.1

152 17.4 3.88 6.25 19 41 35.7 0.11 17.9 22.8 <3.4 101 0.09

156 15.9 3.83 5.86 19 62 35.8 0.08 19.1 13 <1.7 103 0.07

<12 <0.02 <0.008 <0.02 <0.06 <4 <0.06 <0.04 <0.03 <0.09 <1.7 <0.07 <0.01
36 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

Cadmium 

(μg/L)

Chromium 

(μg/L)

Cobalt 

(μg/L)

Copper 

(μg/L)

Iron 

(μg/L)

Total 

iron 

(μg/L)

Lead 

(μg/L)

Lithium 

(μg/L)

Manganese 

(μg/L)

Total 

manganese 

(μg/L)

Molybdenum 

(μg/L)

Edwards aquifer source wells

Artesia <0.04 <0.8 0.125 1.6 <6 <6 0.09 10.2 <0.2 <0.2 3.11

<0.02 E0.11 0.06 E0.59 <4 E8 0.8 8.5 <0.2 <0.4 3.72

E0.01 0.13 0.06 E0.62 <4 15 0.89 8.4 <0.2 E0.2 3.78

<0.02 <0.12 0.24 <1.0 <6 <9 <0.03 <0.4 0.4 <0.8 <0.03

<0.02 E0.12 -- <1.0 <6 <9 0.57 6.8 -- <0.8 3.89

Seale <0.04 <0.8 0.123 1 <6 E3 0.18 9.7 0.3 0.2 2.44

E0.01 0.12 0.06 <1.0 <4 E10 0.07 8 <0.2 E0.3 2.99

<0.02 E0.11 0.09 <1.0 <6 <9 0.08 6.1 -- <0.8 3.01

ASR injection/withdrawal wells

ASR5 <0.04 <0.12 0.55 3.5 E5 6 2.63 3.9 11.6 13.4 1.8

0.02 E0.11 2.4 1.6 19 21 1.01 5.7 9.2 9.6 2.78

<0.02 <0.12 0.25 1.4 10 88 0.79 5.5 1.9 3.8 1.56

0.04 <0.06 2 1.4 99 115 0.86 4.6 11.3 11.6 8.14

ASR8 <0.04 <0.8 0.123 0.9 <6 <6 0.11 10 <0.2 <0.2 3.06

0.02 <0.12 1.9 1.2 <4 <14 0.8 5 10.1 11.1 4.35

0.03 <0.06 5.4 1.2 58 66 0.77 5.3 11.4 11.2 3.33

ASR9 E0.03 <0.12 2.4 1.3 87 105 1.45 4.3 8.6 9.4 4.11

E0.02 E0.08 1.5 E0.98 E3 <14 0.98 4.8 5.9 6.5 2.28

<0.02 <0.12 0.57 1.9 13 35 0.76 5.3 7.9 9 1.48

0.02 <0.06 1.3 1.7 20 14 0.66 4.7 9.2 9 3.04

ASR17 E0.03 <0.12 4.2 1.2 279 311 1.72 4.9 15.8 18.3 7.73

0.03 <0.12 2.8 1.3 E3 <14 1.37 4.5 8.2 8.7 4.69

0.06 <0.12 5.8 1.8 186 452 0.11 4.9 24.1 26 6.02

ASR production-only well

PO2 <0.04 <0.12 0.92 <1.0 373 368 0.16 7.7 10.8 11.8 <0.20

<0.02 <0.12 1.1 <1.0 316 338 1.76 7.1 10 11.2 0.05

<0.02 <0.12 0.39 <1.0 2,300 2,210 1.1 7.6 42.5 43.7 0.11

<0.02 <0.06 1.3 1.4 699 801 1.07 7.8 16.2 17.5 0.05

Carrizo aquifer wells

McCoy <0.04 <0.8 0.134 0.4 10 622 <0.08 34.1 26.7 25.8 <0.40

<0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.40 597 575 <0.08 37.6 24 26.7 E0.20

<0.04 <0.12 E0.02 <1.0 <8 397 <0.08 34 34.3 38.2 0.35

<0.02 0.25 0.07 <1.0 342 700 0.08 33.5 40 43.5 0.19

<0.02 <0.12 0.12 <1.0 497 488 <0.03 37.8 25.1 26.5 0.19

<0.02 <0.06 1.2 <0.50 394 735 0.04 36 29.7 29.3 0.19

<0.02 <0.06 0.12 <0.50 354 746 0.02 37.7 29.1 29 0.21
Appendix 1 37

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

Cadmium 

(μg/L)

Chromium 

(μg/L)

Cobalt 

(μg/L)

Copper 

(μg/L)

Iron 

(μg/L)

Total 

iron 

(μg/L)

Lead 

(μg/L)

Lithium 

(μg/L)

Manganese 

(μg/L)

Total 

manganese 

(μg/L)

Molybdenum 

(μg/L)

Oak Hills <0.04 <0.8 0.051 E0.3 2,310 2,300 <0.08 13.6 125 124 <0.40

<0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.40 2,150 1,980 E0.04 16.3 136 141 <0.40

<0.04 <0.12 <0.02 <1.0 1,920 1,980 <0.08 12.8 118 132 E0.12

<0.02 <0.12 0.03 E0.60 1,650 1,800 <0.06 15.1 120 132 0.13

<0.02 <0.12 0.1 <1.0 1,970 2,080 E0.02 17.5 125 127 0.13

<0.02 <0.06 0.06 <0.50 2,090 -- <0.01 14.2 123 -- 0.15

Palmer <0.02 E0.10 0.23 <1.0 1,220 1,170 0.16 10.7 24.1 25 0.12

<0.02 <0.12 0.33 <1.0 1,300 1,280 0.05 12.8 25.6 25.8 0.11

<0.02 E0.09 0.28 E0.98 1,320 1,310 0.24 13.6 25.4 25.2 0.12

<0.02 <0.06 0.3 <0.50 4,130 4,170 <0.01 11.5 107 110 0.25

Picosa <0.04 <0.8 0.068 E0.3 1,400 1,430 <0.08 13.6 51.7 50.3 E0.36

<0.04 <0.04 0.069 E0.4 2,530 2,550 <0.08 12.4 136 127 0.67

<0.04 <0.12 <0.02 <1.0 <8 <6 <0.08 <1.0 <0.2 <0.8 <0.20

<0.04 <0.12 <0.02 <1.0 3,270 2,250 0.17 12.8 162 247 0.81

<0.02 E0.11 0.04 <1.0 1,570 1,630 E0.04 14.6 56.1 63.1 0.41

<0.02 <0.12 0.11 <1.0 1,160 1,130 0.03 16.8 50.6 52.2 0.39

<0.02 <0.06 1.3 <0.50 1,400 -- 0.06 13.1 51.9 -- 0.37

Ray <0.04 <0.8 0.717 E0.2 2,550 2,580 <0.08 9.7 46.6 48.5 E0.26

<0.04 <0.12 0.73 <1.0 4,690 6,080 <0.08 8 76.1 88.8 0.31

<0.02 E0.12 0.58 <1.0 3,280 4,330 E0.03 9 48.3 55.1 0.33

<0.02 <0.12 0.88 <1.0 2,970 6,560 <0.03 9.8 37.5 47.5 0.36

<0.02 <0.06 -- <0.50 13,300 14,500 <0.01 8.8 214 224 0.24

<0.02 <0.06 0.33 <0.50 <3 <5 <0.01 <0.2 0.6 <0.4 <0.01
38 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

Nickel 

(μg/L)

Silver 

(μg/L)

Strontium 

(μg/L)

Vanadium 

(μg/L) Zinc (μg/L) Antimony (μg/L)

Arsenic 

(μg/L)

Boron 

(μg/L)

Selenium 

(μg/L)

δD 

(per mil)

δ18O 

(per mil)

Edwards aquifer source wells

Artesia 0.9 <0.20 1,660 4.7 1.3 <0.20 0.6 63 0.9 -24.8 -4.19

0.39 <0.01 1,480 3.3 E1.8 E0.04 0.49 56 0.88 -25.9 -4.18

0.38 <0.01 1,440 3.3 E1.5 E0.03 0.52 56 0.78 -24.9 -4.21

<0.12 <0.01 <0.40 <0.16 <2.8 <0.05 <0.04 <3 <0.04 -- --

0.16 <0.01 1,550 3.4 <2.8 0.06 0.48 53 0.72 -25.2 -4.21

Seale 0.91 <0.20 1,570 4.8 6.5 <0.20 0.5 61 1 -24.7 -4.18

0.33 0.01 1,430 3.3 4.1 E0.03 0.52 56 0.81 -24.3 -4.24

0.18 <0.01 1,470 3.5 3.7 E0.05 0.47 52 0.67 -24.5 -4.22

ASR injection/withdrawal wells

ASR5 0.63 <0.10 612 2 2.5 <0.14 0.79 49 E0.02 -- --

1.3 <0.01 484 1.4 15.4 E0.03 0.99 57 <0.06 -24.7 -4.30

0.46 <0.01 782 2.8 <2.8 0.07 0.39 57 0.06 -23.6 -4.16

0.95 <0.01 742 1.2 11.2 0.05 0.91 54 <0.03 -23.8 -4.14

ASR8 0.77 <0.20 1,600 4.6 9.5 <0.20 0.7 63 1 -25.6 -4.26

1.2 <0.01 844 1.6 4.7 E0.03 0.76 53 <0.06 -24.2 -4.20

3.2 <0.01 567 1 19.5 0.06 0.47 57 <0.03 -25.2 -4.43

ASR9 1.7 <0.10 654 1.1 8.4 <0.14 0.82 46 <0.04 -- --

1.2 <0.01 651 1.8 4.8 E0.03 0.91 53 <0.06 -24.1 -4.15

0.55 E0.01 800 2.6 <2.8 0.06 0.37 56 0.21 -24.2 -4.12

0.75 <0.01 746 1.6 4.6 0.05 0.87 53 <0.03 -23.5 -4.15

ASR17 3 <0.10 572 0.81 29.3 <0.14 1.1 48 <0.04 -- --

2 <0.01 563 1.5 8.9 E0.03 0.99 51 <0.06 -24.6 -4.15

6.1 <0.01 722 0.43 27.4 E0.03 0.63 42 <0.04 -24.2 -4.18

ASR production-only well

PO2 3.1 <0.10 58.3 0.06 18.9 <0.14 0.14 44 <0.04 -- --

3.2 <0.01 53.5 <0.16 19.5 <0.04 0.09 47 <0.06 -27.4 -4.98

1.6 <0.01 56.2 <0.16 15.1 <0.05 0.09 49 <0.04 -25.9 -4.92

3.3 <0.01 58.7 <0.08 32.9 <0.03 0.06 49 <0.03 -26.9 -4.85

Carrizo aquifer wells

McCoy 0.39 <0.20 479 0.2 1.3 <0.20 E0.1 96 E0.3 -26.4 -4.77

<0.06 <0.20 461 <0.10 1.9 <0.20 <0.12 93 <0.08 -- --

E0.15 <0.10 378 E0.04 <1.8 <0.14 0.07 148 <0.04 -- --

0.65 <0.01 456 0.33 10.3 <0.04 0.08 105 <0.06 -27.0 -4.86

0.15 <0.01 458 <0.16 5.3 E0.03 0.06 90 <0.04 -27.1 -4.85

0.17 <0.01 454 <0.08 5.4 0.09 0.03 102 <0.03 -27.2 -4.89

<0.09 <0.01 471 <0.08 5.2 <0.03 0.03 108 <0.03 -25.9 -4.84
Appendix 1 39

Appendix 1. Water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site, Bexar, 

Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; NTRU, nephelometric turbidity ratio units; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; 

μg/L, micrograms per liter; δD, delta deuterium; per mil, parts per thousand; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; --, not analyzed for; <, less than; E, estimated; R, replicate; 

B, blank]

Well 

name 

(fig. 1)

Nickel 

(μg/L)

Silver 

(μg/L)

Strontium 

(μg/L)

Vanadium 

(μg/L) Zinc (μg/L) Antimony (μg/L)

Arsenic 

(μg/L)

Boron 

(μg/L)

Selenium 

(μg/L)

δD 

(per mil)

δ18O 

(per mil)

Oak Hills 0.11 <0.20 123 <0.1 2 <0.20 <0.2 51 <0.4 -26.6 -4.90

<0.06 <0.20 130 <0.10 3.3 <0.20 <0.12 53 <0.08 -- --

<0.20 <0.10 124 <0.04 4.5 <0.14 <0.06 43 <0.04 -- --

0.45 <0.01 120 E0.09 6.5 <0.04 <0.06 55 <0.06 -26.9 -4.82

0.13 <0.01 121 <0.16 3.3 <0.05 E0.03 53 <0.04 -26.0 -4.84

<0.09 <0.01 127 <0.08 2.3 <0.03 <0.02 52 <0.03 -24.5 -4.84

Palmer 0.51 <0.01 77 0.17 3.6 <0.04 0.14 68 <0.06 -27.1 -4.86

0.49 <0.01 76.3 <0.16 E2.2 <0.05 0.14 58 <0.04 -27.5 -4.90

0.51 <0.01 76.3 E0.10 84.5 0.28 0.14 121 <0.04 -27.2 -4.98

0.4 <0.01 86.7 <0.08 10.6 <0.03 0.21 55 <0.03 -27.4 -4.89

Picosa 0.17 <0.20 154 <0.1 2.4 <0.20 E0.1 62 E0.2 -27.3 -4.80

1.01 <0.20 161 <0.10 1 <0.20 0.18 50 <0.08 -- --

<0.20 <0.10 <0.80 <0.04 <1.8 <0.14 <0.06 22 <0.04 -- --

0.25 <0.10 145 0.05 E1.5 <0.14 0.27 59 <0.04 -- --

0.34 <0.01 140 0.26 73.5 <0.04 0.11 73 <0.06 -28.2 -4.94

E0.11 <0.01 144 <0.16 13.2 <0.05 0.12 65 <0.04 -28.2 -4.81

0.16 <0.01 143 <0.08 10.9 0.03 0.12 60 <0.03 -26.9 -4.99

Ray 1.24 <0.20 108 <0.1 3.5 <0.20 E0.2 58 <0.4 -27.3 -4.82

2 <0.10 92.8 <0.04 <1.8 <0.14 0.11 43 <0.04 -- --

1.9 <0.01 88.5 E0.12 E2.0 <0.04 0.12 64 <0.06 -27.7 -4.89

2.8 <0.01 83.9 <0.16 <2.8 E0.04 0.15 54 <0.04 -27.4 -4.86

0.33 <0.01 84.3 <0.08 1.4 <0.03 0.08 54 <0.03 -27.5 -4.86

<0.09 <0.01 <0.20 <0.08 <1.4 0.03 <0.02 <3 <0.03 -- --

Appendix 2

Appendix 2—Relative Percent Difference for Duplicate WaterQuality and Isotope Data from Wells Sampled at and near an 

Aquifer Storage and Recovery Site, Bexar, Atascosa, and 

Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11
42 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 2. Relative percent difference for duplicate water-quality and isotope data from wells sampled at and near an aquifer 

storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, 2004–11.

[rep, replicate; RPD, relative percent difference; mg/L, milligrams per liter; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; nc, not 

computed; E, estimated; δD, delta deuterium; δ18O, delta oxygen-18; per mil, per thousand]

Well name: Artesia Palmer McCoy

U.S. Geological Survey station number: 292557098261401 290546098234801 290403098293201

U.S. Geological Survey station name: AY–68–37–508 AL–68–61–320 AL–68–61–413

Date: 6/24/2009 6/24/2009 

rep RPD

8/6/2010 8/6/2010 

rep RPD

6/30/2011 6/30/2011 

rep RPD

Time: 1100 1105 1330 1335 1300 1305

Total dissolved solids (mg/L) 296 292 1.36 160 145 9.84 303 324 6.70

Calcium (mg/L) 68.2 67.5 1.03 14.7 15.3 4.00 51.4 52.8 2.69

Magnesium (mg/L) 17.5 17.4 0.57 3.4 3.32 2.38 10.6 11.1 4.61

Potassium (mg/L) 1.24 1.23 0.81 6.59 6.76 2.55 6.51 6.78 4.06

Sodium (mg/L) 11.3 11.3 0 19.9 20 0.50 34.5 36.7 6.18

Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) 209 208 0.48 25 29 14.8 166 162 2.44

Chloride (mg/L) 23.5 23.2 1.28 36.8 38 3.21 38 37.8 0.53

Fluoride (mg/L) 0.27 0.26 3.77 0.09 0.1 10.5 0.15 0.17 12.5

Silica (mg/L) 12.8 12.7 0.78 18 18.3 1.65 13.4 13.8 2.94

Sulfate (mg/L) 26.1 26.1 0 23.1 23.1 0 49.7 49.6 0.20

Aluminum (μg/L) 4.6 18.9 122 <3.4 49.9 nc <1.7 <1.7 nc

Barium (μg/L) 107 107 0 93 253 92.5 95 99 4.12

Beryllium (μg/L) <0.02 <0.02 nc 0.11 0.12 8.70 <0.01 <0.01 nc

Cadmium (μg/L) <0.02 E0.01 nc <0.02 <0.02 nc <0.02 <0.02 nc

Chromium (μg/L) E0.11 0.13 nc <0.12 E0.09 nc <0.06 <0.06 nc

Cobalt (μg/L) 0.06 0.06 0 0.33 0.28 16.4 1.2 0.12 164

Copper (μg/L) E0.59 E0.62 nc <1.0 E0.98 nc <0.50 <0.50 nc

Iron (μg/L) <4 <4 nc 1,300 1,320 1.53 394 354 10.7

Total iron (μg/L) E8 15 nc 1,280 1,310 2.32 735 746 1.49

Lead (μg/L) 0.8 0.89 10.7 0.05 0.24 131 0.04 0.02 66.7

Lithium (μg/L) 8.5 8.4 1.18 12.8 13.6 6.06 36 37.7 4.61

Manganese (μg/L) <0.2 <0.2 nc 25.6 25.4 0.78 29.7 29.1 2.04

Total manganese (μg/L) <0.4 E0.2 nc 25.8 25.2 2.35 29.3 29 1.03

Molybdenum (μg/L) 3.72 3.78 1.60 0.11 0.12 8.70 0.19 0.21 10.0

Nickel (μg/L) 0.39 0.38 2.60 0.49 0.51 4.00 0.17 <0.09 nc

Silver (μg/L) <0.01 <0.01 nc <0.01 <0.01 nc <0.01 <0.01 nc

Strontium (μg/L) 1,480 1,440 2.74 76.3 76.3 0 454 471 3.68

Vanadium (μg/L) 3.3 3.3 0 <0.16 E0.10 nc <0.08 <0.08 nc

Zinc (μg/L) E1.8 E1.5 nc E2.2 84.5 nc 5.4 5.2 3.77

Antimony (μg/L) E0.04 E0.03 nc <0.05 0.28 nc 0.09 <0.03 nc

Arsenic (μg/L) 0.49 0.52 5.94 0.14 0.14 0 0.03 0.03 0

Boron (μg/L) 56 56 0 58 121 70.4 102 108 5.71

Selenium (μg/L) 0.88 0.78 12.0 <0.04 <0.04 nc <0.03 <0.03 nc

δD (per mil) -25.9 -24.9 3.94 -27.5 -27.2 1.10 -27.2 -25.9 4.90

δ18O (per mil) -4.18 -4.21 0.72 -4.9 -4.98 1.62 -4.89 -4.84 1.03
Appendix 3

Appendix 3—Daily Mean Water-Level Altitude at U.S. 

Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), 

Bexar County, Texas, 2009–11
44 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 3. Daily mean water-level altitude at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11.

[Altitude in feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988; --, no data]

Water year 2009 (Oct. 2008–Sept. 2009) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 371.67

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 370.16

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 366.17

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 366.04

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 366.76

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 367.84

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 368.15

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 368.35

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 368.39

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 368.43

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 369.02

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 369.69

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 372.17

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 376.77

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 381.61

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 386.81

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 389.29

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 390.71

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 391.47

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 356.06 392.72

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 352.90 396.17

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 346.18 403.59

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 345.89 405.84

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 352.00 407.95

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 352.38 413.74

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 351.88 423.68

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 354.34 427.58

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 354.25 429.84

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 353.82 431.50

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 357.22 433.22

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 367.47 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 389.18

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 433.22

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 366.04
Appendix 3 45

Appendix 3. Daily mean water-level altitude at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11.—Continued

[Altitude in feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988; --, no data]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 434.41 460.95 439.02 441.92 442.91 411.04 446.70 431.44 429.91 429.90 452.19 375.72

2 435.39 459.21 439.18 442.13 443.12 413.30 446.83 430.93 430.06 430.06 452.22 370.75

3 436.41 458.49 439.03 442.31 443.74 424.53 446.69 431.00 430.30 430.16 452.27 377.61

4 439.91 460.56 438.97 442.30 444.26 431.46 446.56 430.42 430.56 430.25 451.86 376.44

5 440.26 460.90 438.99 442.38 444.47 434.87 445.75 430.01 430.80 430.34 451.04 376.25

6 438.58 461.00 439.14 442.62 444.54 437.13 440.08 429.67 431.00 437.07 447.69 376.45

7 438.89 462.36 439.16 442.68 444.66 438.90 437.15 429.20 431.10 448.39 446.87 376.49

8 440.58 463.18 439.36 442.51 444.69 440.18 435.62 429.09 431.24 451.05 446.11 379.36

9 445.53 463.63 439.27 442.63 444.60 441.11 434.67 429.29 431.42 452.77 445.23 388.90

10 447.78 463.78 439.15 442.88 444.67 441.70 433.73 428.84 431.46 453.79 444.58 390.92

11 448.87 463.57 439.21 443.06 444.95 442.14 432.87 428.79 431.49 454.56 444.68 392.13

12 449.62 463.29 439.33 443.19 444.91 442.43 432.56 428.67 431.51 455.35 444.49 393.29

13 450.92 462.21 439.42 443.40 444.99 442.79 432.37 428.66 431.86 456.05 442.78 392.94

14 453.72 463.21 439.50 443.72 445.13 443.08 432.15 429.24 432.05 455.99 434.58 392.94

15 455.63 463.51 439.44 444.04 444.95 443.22 432.09 429.84 432.13 455.99 430.25 393.44

16 456.05 464.04 439.37 444.05 444.99 443.33 432.01 430.13 432.09 456.14 428.32 394.36

17 457.13 464.22 439.55 444.08 444.36 443.51 432.06 430.38 432.08 456.29 426.85 393.64

18 458.50 465.02 439.68 444.15 444.92 443.76 432.04 430.37 432.06 456.35 425.62 393.21

19 459.32 464.81 439.64 439.93 442.26 444.13 431.95 430.60 431.91 456.41 415.95 393.09

20 460.14 461.42 439.63 427.84 429.64 444.30 431.86 430.82 431.71 456.50 404.90 394.24

21 460.01 441.57 439.77 424.57 -- 444.40 431.80 431.06 431.50 453.81 -- 399.34

22 460.15 432.40 440.09 425.02 -- 444.55 432.09 431.19 431.49 448.49 -- 401.97

23 460.03 428.51 441.01 428.39 -- 444.80 432.32 431.13 431.29 448.99 -- 406.45

24 460.48 429.49 441.22 434.43 406.28 444.94 432.29 430.99 430.38 450.42 -- 412.06

25 460.86 432.81 441.21 437.59 403.25 445.01 431.94 430.82 429.87 450.33 374.25 419.97

26 460.87 436.48 441.35 439.45 -- 445.15 431.88 430.58 429.87 450.76 374.96 423.15

27 461.01 437.76 441.52 440.67 408.87 445.33 431.89 430.42 429.91 451.05 375.62 424.91

28 459.93 438.50 441.51 441.49 410.59 445.23 431.91 430.63 429.88 451.25 380.07 426.01

29 458.84 438.76 441.67 442.03 -- 445.26 432.06 430.60 429.75 451.35 379.70 426.98

30 459.06 438.77 441.95 442.34 -- 445.42 431.94 430.34 429.78 451.40 379.29 428.26

31 461.44 -- 442.06 442.59 -- 445.86 -- 430.21 -- 452.19 378.38 --

Mean 451.95 453.48 439.98 440.01 -- 440.09 435.20 430.17 431.02 448.82 -- 396.38

Maximum 461.44 465.02 442.06 444.15 -- 445.86 446.83 431.44 432.13 456.50 -- 428.26

Minimum 434.41 428.51 438.97 424.57 -- 411.04 431.80 428.66 429.75 429.90 -- 370.75
46 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 3. Daily mean water-level altitude at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11.—Continued

[Altitude in feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 429.31 435.00 439.39 459.49 461.95 455.83 400.56 382.36 372.46 343.40 340.51 331.66

2 429.22 434.85 439.51 459.75 460.94 452.56 399.72 382.06 371.32 350.40 341.95 332.48

3 429.69 435.09 440.31 460.08 459.51 448.15 399.21 381.92 370.30 359.35 340.50 332.08

4 430.05 435.13 443.14 460.37 459.15 447.82 398.93 379.98 368.69 361.98 337.88 333.67

5 430.08 435.07 444.36 460.54 459.77 447.66 397.25 375.91 368.56 357.80 336.60 335.81

6 430.17 435.12 446.94 460.53 458.19 447.62 396.84 375.27 369.81 348.32 337.13 334.66

7 430.18 435.81 448.05 460.76 456.68 447.28 395.29 375.92 369.84 347.71 -- 333.18

8 429.48 437.10 448.95 461.01 458.19 445.01 393.76 375.17 369.00 347.14 -- 333.90

9 429.32 437.48 450.89 461.41 458.72 443.58 391.39 376.06 368.41 346.13 -- 334.89

10 429.83 437.54 452.55 461.45 458.68 443.26 390.21 376.08 370.03 343.13 -- 334.06

11 430.43 437.46 453.50 461.16 458.26 443.04 388.56 375.98 369.68 341.01 333.79 333.19

12 430.92 437.23 453.99 460.45 458.28 441.47 389.88 376.48 368.80 342.98 333.62 331.95

13 431.27 437.34 454.42 460.16 458.10 440.96 388.61 375.74 369.47 344.58 333.43 331.83

14 431.50 437.67 454.86 460.02 457.60 441.32 388.25 376.69 369.59 342.10 332.42 331.76

15 431.84 438.06 455.48 460.28 457.35 441.33 388.76 377.35 368.56 340.88 332.35 331.81

16 431.24 438.24 455.76 460.57 457.33 441.12 386.71 375.81 370.12 339.56 335.72 332.71

17 430.81 438.21 455.76 460.80 456.95 439.13 387.65 376.28 368.89 340.34 335.32 333.03

18 432.23 437.97 455.88 460.86 456.71 439.43 388.35 375.98 368.07 341.16 334.68 333.24

19 434.47 438.11 456.59 460.85 456.65 439.87 386.73 375.79 368.75 339.36 334.86 333.60

20 434.76 438.29 457.21 460.94 457.50 439.32 386.86 375.76 -- 344.30 335.13 334.28

21 434.64 438.54 457.26 461.00 458.00 439.14 386.29 374.27 -- 352.39 336.02 334.80

22 434.43 438.66 456.96 461.09 458.34 438.85 386.44 368.88 351.35 355.85 335.67 334.96

23 434.75 438.31 457.01 461.13 458.56 438.64 385.38 367.97 354.71 357.30 333.61 337.38

24 435.15 438.21 457.28 461.38 458.67 437.95 384.97 367.28 351.91 357.62 332.29 349.33

25 435.86 438.46 457.44 461.46 458.61 436.07 383.70 367.18 354.18 355.63 333.36 353.46

26 434.54 438.73 457.63 461.50 458.36 428.40 382.85 368.26 349.80 349.45 332.45 354.67

27 432.91 438.72 457.72 461.56 457.30 424.18 381.91 370.95 349.17 344.66 332.51 357.61

28 432.77 439.02 457.88 461.65 457.78 421.88 382.08 371.90 347.00 344.79 334.65 358.27

29 433.87 439.29 458.11 461.81 -- 417.70 382.44 371.95 344.24 344.82 335.72 357.71

30 434.45 439.42 458.42 461.90 -- 407.76 382.48 371.45 344.89 341.88 334.05 356.03

31 434.58 -- 458.95 462.01 -- 402.03 -- 372.18 -- 340.88 333.07 --

Mean 432.09 437.47 452.97 460.90 458.29 438.01 389.40 374.67 -- 347.32 -- 338.60

Maximum 435.86 439.42 458.95 462.01 461.95 455.83 400.56 382.36 -- 361.98 -- 358.27

Minimum 429.22 434.85 439.39 459.49 456.65 402.03 381.91 367.18 -- 339.36 -- 331.66
Appendix 4

Appendix 4—Daily Total Volume of Water Injected at an Aquifer 

Storage and Recovery Site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11
48 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 4. Daily total volume of water injected at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2004 (Oct. 2003–Sept. 2004) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.1 5.0 5.2

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.0 1.9 0.0

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.7 0.0 0.0

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.4 0.0 0.0

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.3 0.0 0.0

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.0 0.0 0.0

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.4 1.5 0.0

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.9 3.7 0.0

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.2 3.7 0.0

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.2 3.7 0.0

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7.5 3.7 0.0

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18.4 3.8 0.0

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13.1 3.8 0.0

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.0 3.8 0.0

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.9 3.8 0.0

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.9 3.8 0.0

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.1 3.9 0.0

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 3.9 2.1

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 4.0 5.1

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 4.0 5.1

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 4.1 5.1

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 4.1 5.1

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 4.1 5.0

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.8 4.2 5.0

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.3 8.7 5.0

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.3 16.0 4.9

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8.9 5.3 16.1 5.0

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.2 5.3 15.9 5.0

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.0 15.9 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.8 4.7 1.9

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18.4 16.1 5.2

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0
Appendix 4 49

Appendix 4. Daily total volume of water injected at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2005 (Oct. 2004–Sept. 2005) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 5.0 21.3 20.5 23.0 22.6 21.7 1.4 6.9 0.0 13.4 18.1 7.9

2 5.1 7.7 20.6 23.4 22.6 21.4 3.6 6.8 2.0 14.2 13.1 0.0

3 5.0 0.0 20.6 23.3 22.8 21.7 3.6 6.8 7.3 13.9 16.8 0.0

4 1.7 0.0 20.5 23.3 22.7 21.8 3.1 6.8 7.2 14.1 16.7 0.0

5 0.0 8.5 20.5 23.3 22.5 21.7 2.9 6.9 5.0 14.2 16.6 0.0

6 0.0 20.3 20.5 23.4 12.0 21.4 4.9 6.9 7.0 14.1 16.2 0.0

7 0.0 20.2 20.4 23.4 0.0 20.1 7.5 6.8 7.0 14.2 16.8 0.0

8 0.0 20.2 20.4 23.2 0.0 18.4 7.5 6.8 7.0 14.5 16.7 0.0

9 0.0 20.2 20.4 23.4 0.0 13.1 7.0 6.9 7.0 14.6 16.4 0.0

10 0.0 20.5 20.2 23.3 0.0 1.8 6.9 6.9 7.0 13.7 16.8 0.0

11 0.0 20.7 19.9 23.2 0.0 1.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 13.5 17.0 0.0

12 0.0 20.8 19.9 23.1 0.0 1.8 6.8 6.9 7.0 13.6 16.8 0.0

13 0.0 20.8 19.4 23.2 0.0 1.8 6.5 6.9 7.0 7.4 16.8 0.0

14 0.0 20.7 20.2 23.5 0.0 1.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 8.9 16.7 0.0

15 0.0 20.7 21.7 23.4 0.0 1.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 8.9 16.6 0.0

16 0.0 20.5 21.8 23.4 0.0 1.8 6.9 4.0 7.0 8.9 15.9 9.6

17 0.0 20.5 21.6 23.2 6.3 1.8 6.9 0.7 8.0 8.5 16.6 17.6

18 0.0 20.6 21.5 23.3 21.6 1.8 6.9 0.0 11.2 8.9 16.2 18.4

19 0.0 20.6 21.6 23.8 21.6 1.8 6.9 0.0 11.6 8.7 17.3 18.3

20 0.4 20.6 21.3 23.1 22.0 1.8 7.0 0.0 12.5 8.9 17.6 18.2

21 11.2 20.6 21.6 22.9 21.9 1.8 7.0 0.0 11.7 8.9 17.3 18.2

22 22.2 19.9 21.5 23.5 21.9 1.2 7.0 0.0 12.1 10.0 16.5 18.4

23 21.8 20.2 21.5 23.9 21.1 0.0 7.0 0.0 12.6 11.6 16.1 8.1

24 22.0 20.3 21.4 23.8 20.3 0.0 6.9 0.0 13.5 12.3 16.2 0.0

25 22.0 20.7 21.5 23.5 21.8 0.0 6.9 0.0 13.3 14.2 16.3 0.0

26 21.9 20.8 21.5 22.7 22.9 0.0 7.0 0.0 13.1 18.2 16.3 9.6

27 21.8 20.9 21.5 22.6 21.8 0.0 6.9 0.0 13.2 18.2 16.2 17.9

28 21.5 20.6 21.5 22.4 21.4 0.0 6.9 0.0 13.4 18.3 16.1 17.9

29 21.8 20.7 21.5 22.7 -- 0.0 6.9 0.0 13.5 16.6 16.6 17.6

30 21.3 20.6 21.5 22.7 -- 0.0 6.9 0.0 13.5 16.4 17.4 17.8

31 21.4 -- 21.4 22.7 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 18.1 17.2 --

Mean 7.9 18.4 21.0 23.2 13.2 6.6 6.2 3.5 9.0 12.9 16.6 7.2

Maximum 22.2 21.3 21.8 23.9 22.9 21.8 7.5 6.9 13.5 18.3 18.1 18.4

Minimum 0.0 0.0 19.4 22.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 7.4 13.1 0.0
50 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 4. Daily total volume of water injected at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2006 (Oct. 2005–Sept. 2006) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 17.7 17.5 17.6 7.8 19.9 25.1 10.4 10.5 11.4 5.7 5.5 0.0

2 17.7 17.1 17.7 7.6 19.8 25.2 10.4 10.5 10.8 5.7 5.5 0.0

3 17.9 17.5 17.8 11.3 19.9 25.0 9.0 9.5 10.7 5.6 5.5 0.0

4 17.7 17.5 17.7 18.7 20.1 24.9 10.1 10.1 10.6 4.4 5.5 0.0

5 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.9 20.3 24.8 10.2 10.2 5.9 5.1 5.5 0.0

6 17.7 17.6 17.6 18.0 20.0 24.8 10.2 10.2 1.1 5.7 5.5 0.0

7 17.8 17.6 17.6 18.1 18.4 24.8 10.2 10.7 0.0 5.7 5.7 0.0

8 17.7 17.8 17.5 18.2 20.2 25.1 10.4 10.7 0.0 5.7 5.8 0.0

9 17.7 17.8 16.7 17.9 18.7 25.4 10.3 10.7 0.0 5.7 5.9 0.0

10 17.6 17.7 15.9 18.0 20.0 25.2 10.5 9.7 0.0 5.7 5.9 0.0

11 18.0 17.5 15.8 18.1 20.0 25.2 10.6 10.9 0.0 5.7 5.9 0.0

12 17.0 17.7 10.9 18.0 20.3 25.1 10.5 8.5 0.0 5.7 5.9 0.0

13 17.5 17.7 0.0 18.0 20.2 25.0 10.4 9.5 0.0 4.7 5.9 0.0

14 17.5 17.5 2.8 18.2 21.8 24.6 10.4 10.2 0.0 5.6 5.8 0.0

15 17.5 17.4 7.6 17.8 22.0 25.3 10.4 9.9 0.0 5.6 5.8 0.0

16 17.5 17.3 7.6 18.2 21.3 26.2 10.5 9.9 0.0 5.6 5.8 0.0

17 17.6 17.7 7.6 18.1 21.9 26.4 10.6 10.3 0.0 5.5 5.8 0.0

18 17.1 17.4 7.8 18.2 22.6 26.1 10.3 10.8 0.0 5.6 5.8 0.0

19 17.3 16.8 7.7 18.0 22.4 26.4 10.3 10.9 0.0 5.6 5.8 0.0

20 17.1 16.4 8.5 18.1 22.6 20.5 10.4 10.6 0.0 5.6 5.8 0.0

21 17.6 17.2 9.9 18.1 22.3 9.5 10.4 10.8 1.4 5.8 2.2 0.0

22 17.4 17.6 9.3 18.1 22.3 9.9 10.5 10.9 4.4 5.9 0.0 0.0

23 16.7 17.7 7.7 18.0 8.8 10.2 10.4 10.8 5.5 5.9 0.0 0.0

24 17.5 17.7 7.8 8.7 22.8 10.2 10.3 11.1 5.5 5.9 0.0 0.0

25 17.7 17.4 7.8 15.9 23.4 10.3 10.2 11.1 5.5 5.9 0.0 0.0

26 17.6 17.6 7.7 17.8 24.4 10.4 10.6 11.2 5.5 5.9 0.0 0.0

27 17.6 17.6 7.7 19.1 24.7 10.5 10.4 11.0 4.8 5.9 0.0 0.0

28 17.7 17.4 7.7 18.5 24.3 10.4 10.4 11.0 3.6 5.6 0.0 0.0

29 17.8 17.6 7.7 18.5 -- 10.3 10.2 10.5 5.7 5.5 0.0 0.0

30 17.6 17.4 7.8 18.7 -- 10.3 10.8 10.7 5.7 5.5 0.0 0.0

31 17.6 -- 7.8 20.5 -- 10.4 -- 11.7 -- 5.5 0.0 --

Mean 17.6 17.5 10.9 17.0 20.9 19.8 10.4 10.5 3.3 5.6 3.8 0.0

Maximum 18.0 17.8 17.8 20.5 24.7 26.4 10.8 11.7 11.4 5.9 5.9 0.0

Minimum 16.7 16.4 0.0 7.6 8.8 9.5 9.0 8.5 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0
Appendix 4 51

Appendix 4. Daily total volume of water injected at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2007 (Oct. 2006–Sept. 2007) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 0.0 4.0 0.0 8.8 27.8 28.3 26.6 10.7 21.2 22.0 22.6 0.0

2 0.0 1.0 0.0 8.7 27.6 28.1 26.9 10.6 21.2 21.8 22.7 0.0

3 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 28.0 28.4 26.8 10.6 18.1 22.1 16.2 0.0

4 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 28.0 28.7 26.6 12.6 6.5 22.2 5.2 0.0

5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 27.8 28.4 26.2 14.6 0.0 22.2 0.0 0.0

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 22.2 28.2 26.5 15.0 0.0 22.3 0.0 0.0

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 19.1 27.8 26.7 16.1 0.0 22.3 0.0 0.0

8 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3 19.2 27.7 27.1 18.3 0.0 22.4 0.0 0.0

9 0.8 0.0 0.0 9.2 19.0 28.0 27.1 18.3 0.0 22.3 0.0 0.0

10 3.7 0.0 0.0 8.6 18.8 28.2 26.7 17.1 0.0 22.4 0.0 0.0

11 6.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 19.0 28.1 21.8 17.4 2.7 22.3 0.0 0.0

12 6.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 23.0 26.5 13.6 20.2 10.8 21.9 0.0 0.0

13 6.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 27.9 22.8 11.5 20.1 17.3 21.2 0.0 0.0

14 6.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 27.7 26.8 11.5 21.1 19.0 21.9 0.0 0.0

15 5.9 0.0 0.0 5.8 27.5 27.0 11.6 21.3 18.7 22.7 0.0 0.0

16 7.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 25.2 26.8 9.1 21.2 20.3 22.5 0.0 0.0

17 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.4 27.0 1.9 21.2 20.5 22.4 0.0 0.0

18 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.5 26.9 0.0 21.1 21.1 22.3 0.0 3.3

19 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.3 26.7 0.0 21.1 17.0 22.3 0.0 14.5

20 5.8 0.0 3.4 0.0 27.4 26.9 0.0 21.3 9.3 22.3 0.0 21.5

21 5.8 0.0 5.6 0.0 26.5 26.8 0.0 21.3 13.2 22.3 0.0 22.7

22 4.6 0.0 5.5 8.4 25.5 26.9 0.0 21.3 20.8 22.3 0.0 22.7

23 3.3 0.0 5.5 20.7 27.3 27.0 0.0 21.2 22.4 22.1 0.0 23.4

24 4.5 0.0 5.8 22.5 27.5 27.0 5.2 21.3 21.8 22.2 0.2 23.2

25 5.1 0.0 5.9 25.5 26.4 27.1 9.3 21.5 22.0 22.4 0.0 23.5

26 5.1 0.0 5.9 28.3 27.9 27.0 6.7 21.9 22.0 22.4 0.0 23.5

27 5.2 0.0 5.9 28.6 28.0 27.1 10.4 21.7 21.9 22.2 0.1 23.7

28 5.3 0.0 5.9 28.0 28.2 27.5 10.3 21.4 21.9 22.6 0.0 23.5

29 5.2 0.0 8.6 28.2 -- 27.8 10.8 21.5 21.8 23.3 0.0 23.3

30 5.3 0.0 8.7 27.7 -- 27.7 10.8 21.4 22.0 22.5 0.0 23.4

31 5.5 -- 10.2 27.9 -- 27.1 -- 21.2 -- 22.6 0.0 --

Mean 3.9 0.2 2.5 12.2 25.5 27.3 13.7 18.9 14.4 22.3 2.2 9.1

Maximum 7.0 4.0 10.2 28.6 28.2 28.7 27.1 21.9 22.4 23.3 22.7 23.7

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.8 22.8 0.0 10.6 0.0 21.2 0.0 0.0
52 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 4. Daily total volume of water injected at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2008 (Oct. 2007–Sept. 2008) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 23.5 25.5 26.5 20.9 20.9 23.8 0.0 19.8 10.1 0.0 7.0 0.3

2 22.7 24.9 26.4 20.9 20.9 22.5 0.0 21.0 10.1 0.0 7.0 0.0

3 22.9 25.0 26.7 20.9 20.9 22.6 0.0 22.0 10.1 0.0 7.0 0.0

4 23.0 25.0 26.5 20.9 20.9 22.5 0.0 20.5 10.1 0.0 7.0 0.0

5 23.5 24.6 25.0 20.9 20.9 22.5 0.0 22.1 10.1 0.0 7.0 0.0

6 23.7 25.0 22.8 20.9 21.0 22.6 0.0 22.3 10.2 0.0 7.0 0.0

7 23.5 24.8 23.0 20.9 17.5 19.7 0.0 22.2 10.2 0.0 7.0 0.0

8 23.4 24.9 22.9 20.9 19.1 13.7 0.0 22.2 10.2 0.0 7.0 0.0

9 23.1 25.0 22.8 20.9 19.1 13.7 1.6 22.1 10.2 0.0 6.9 0.0

10 23.5 24.9 22.7 20.1 19.1 13.7 3.9 22.1 10.2 0.0 6.9 0.0

11 23.2 24.9 20.9 20.6 19.1 14.2 11.8 22.1 10.2 0.0 6.9 0.0

12 23.4 18.5 20.9 20.9 17.5 15.0 20.1 22.1 10.2 0.0 6.9 0.0

13 23.8 15.3 20.9 20.9 17.5 14.9 20.0 21.7 10.7 0.0 6.9 0.0

14 23.8 22.2 20.9 20.9 17.5 14.7 19.1 21.8 11.6 0.0 3.7 0.0

15 24.8 25.7 20.9 20.9 17.5 14.5 19.5 21.8 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

16 25.5 26.1 20.9 20.9 17.5 14.3 20.7 21.8 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

17 25.5 25.6 20.9 20.9 17.5 12.2 21.4 21.9 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

18 25.4 25.6 20.9 20.9 17.5 5.0 23.1 23.1 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

19 25.2 25.6 20.9 20.9 17.5 0.0 21.9 21.8 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

20 25.2 25.2 20.9 20.9 17.5 0.0 21.7 19.5 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

21 25.0 26.2 20.9 20.9 19.1 0.0 21.8 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

22 25.2 26.6 20.9 20.9 21.2 0.0 21.0 13.9 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0

23 24.5 26.4 20.9 20.9 24.0 0.0 20.9 15.7 0.0 0.0 8.0 4.3

24 25.5 26.3 20.9 20.9 24.0 0.0 19.8 11.1 0.0 0.0 8.0 9.8

25 22.2 26.4 20.9 20.9 23.8 0.0 19.8 10.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 9.8

26 25.0 26.6 20.9 20.9 23.8 0.0 19.8 10.1 0.0 0.0 7.2 9.7

27 24.4 27.2 20.9 20.9 23.9 0.0 19.8 10.1 0.0 0.0 1.7 9.7

28 24.3 27.7 20.9 20.9 23.1 0.0 19.8 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7

29 19.2 27.3 20.9 20.9 22.8 0.0 19.8 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7

30 25.3 27.0 20.9 20.9 -- 0.0 19.8 10.1 0.0 4.0 0.0 9.7

31 25.6 -- 20.9 20.9 -- 0.0 -- 10.1 -- 7.0 0.0 --

Mean 24.0 25.1 22.1 20.9 20.1 9.7 13.6 18.1 6.6 0.4 4.2 2.4

Maximum 25.6 27.7 26.7 20.9 24.0 23.8 23.1 23.1 11.6 7.0 8.0 9.8

Minimum 19.2 15.3 20.9 20.1 17.5 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Appendix 4 53

Appendix 4. Daily total volume of water injected at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2009 (Oct. 2008–Sept. 2009) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 9.7 8.2 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5 20.4 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0

2 9.7 8.3 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 20.5 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0

3 9.7 8.8 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 20.7 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0

4 9.7 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 20.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 9.7 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.2 20.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 9.7 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.6 20.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

7 9.7 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.5 19.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

8 9.7 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 21.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 9.7 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.8 22.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

10 9.7 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.5 22.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

11 9.9 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 21.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

12 10.0 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.4 21.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

13 10.0 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.5 21.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

14 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.5 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

15 10.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 17.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1

16 10.1 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.5 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9

17 10.1 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.4 19.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3

18 10.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 16.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 9.9

19 10.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.4 4.8 6.8 0.0 0.0 10.0

20 10.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7 0.0 10.8 0.0 0.0 10.0

21 10.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.4 0.0 10.7 0.0 0.0 12.5

22 10.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.7 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 23.4

23 10.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.8 0.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 27.3

24 11.2 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.8 0.0 11.5 0.0 0.0 29.2

25 12.1 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.8 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 32.8

26 9.9 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 20.8 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 43.2

27 8.2 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 20.8 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 44.9

28 8.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3 20.8 0.0 11.2 0.0 0.0 44.8

29 8.3 10.0 0.0 0.0 -- 11.4 20.8 0.0 11.2 0.0 0.0 44.6

30 8.2 10.0 0.0 0.0 -- 9.8 20.7 0.0 11.2 0.0 0.0 45.7

31 8.3 -- 0.0 0.0 -- 9.0 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 --

Mean 9.7 9.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.5 19.1 12.0 4.4 0.8 0.0 13.3

Maximum 12.1 11.3 9.8 0.0 0.0 11.4 30.0 22.5 11.5 11.3 0.0 45.7

Minimum 8.2 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
54 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 4. Daily total volume of water injected at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 46.0 52.3 34.4 35.5 34.3 0.0 31.4 20.1 20.8 19.8 34.7 0.0

2 45.4 52.8 34.7 35.5 34.3 12.7 30.7 20.3 20.8 19.8 34.7 0.0

3 44.7 54.0 34.5 35.4 34.8 32.6 30.7 20.4 20.8 19.8 33.8 0.0

4 44.4 55.7 34.6 35.3 35.0 34.1 31.3 20.3 20.8 19.8 33.7 0.0

5 45.4 54.2 34.4 35.3 34.9 34.2 30.4 20.3 20.8 19.8 32.2 0.0

6 45.7 53.2 34.4 35.3 34.8 34.4 23.6 20.2 20.8 27.6 29.9 0.0

7 45.2 54.8 34.4 35.3 34.3 34.4 16.9 20.4 21.1 32.8 30.5 0.0

8 46.6 55.3 34.3 35.0 34.6 34.3 19.5 20.4 21.0 31.2 30.8 0.0

9 48.5 55.1 34.3 35.1 34.5 34.1 19.4 20.4 20.9 33.6 30.4 0.0

10 49.6 54.6 34.3 35.3 34.5 33.8 18.6 20.3 20.8 33.7 30.2 0.0

11 49.9 54.3 34.2 35.2 34.4 33.9 18.5 20.2 20.8 33.8 30.2 0.0

12 49.7 54.1 34.2 35.2 34.3 33.7 18.6 20.7 20.9 34.0 30.0 0.0

13 50.8 53.8 34.2 35.2 34.3 33.9 18.6 20.4 21.2 33.6 21.7 0.0

14 54.3 52.9 34.1 35.3 34.2 33.8 18.6 20.9 21.2 33.6 11.3 0.0

15 57.1 52.4 34.1 35.2 34.2 33.8 18.7 20.9 21.1 33.3 11.3 0.0

16 57.1 52.3 34.1 35.1 33.7 33.8 18.5 20.8 21.1 33.2 11.4 0.0

17 56.6 52.3 34.0 35.1 33.4 33.9 18.6 20.8 21.1 33.2 11.6 0.0

18 57.0 52.2 34.0 35.1 34.4 34.0 18.6 20.8 21.1 33.1 7.4 0.0

19 57.5 48.7 33.9 15.6 17.8 33.8 18.7 20.7 21.1 33.1 0.0 0.0

20 56.7 37.1 33.9 2.5 1.4 33.8 18.6 20.8 21.1 33.4 0.0 0.0

21 55.2 15.6 33.9 7.5 0.0 33.9 21.4 20.9 21.1 29.1 0.0 0.0

22 54.2 12.9 34.5 17.6 0.0 34.1 20.8 20.9 21.0 19.2 0.0 4.2

23 53.9 17.7 35.3 27.3 0.0 33.9 20.5 20.9 20.9 34.1 0.0 8.7

24 53.0 27.3 35.0 33.2 0.0 33.0 20.4 20.9 19.4 34.9 0.0 16.4

25 53.0 33.2 35.0 34.4 0.0 30.5 20.2 20.9 19.5 33.8 0.0 21.0

26 52.6 35.4 35.1 34.5 0.0 33.5 20.2 20.9 19.5 34.0 0.0 21.0

27 52.5 35.3 35.5 34.3 0.0 33.5 20.3 20.9 19.4 34.0 0.0 21.2

28 52.0 35.1 35.5 34.2 0.0 33.3 20.4 20.9 19.5 34.0 0.0 20.5

29 51.0 34.8 35.7 34.6 -- 33.3 20.4 20.9 19.5 33.9 0.0 21.1

30 50.8 34.6 35.8 34.4 -- 33.1 20.2 20.9 19.6 34.6 0.0 21.5

31 52.7 -- 35.5 34.3 -- 32.9 -- 20.9 -- 35.3 0.0 --

Mean 51.3 44.5 34.6 31.6 22.8 31.9 21.4 20.6 20.6 30.6 14.7 5.2

Maximum 57.5 55.7 35.8 35.5 35.0 34.4 31.4 20.9 21.2 35.3 34.7 21.5

Minimum 44.4 12.9 33.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 16.9 20.1 19.4 19.2 0.0 0.0
Appendix 4 55

Appendix 4. Daily total volume of water injected at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 22.4 19.1 20.1 36.1 34.1 23.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 21.7 18.9 20.6 36.1 33.7 26.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 22.0 19.1 23.2 36.1 32.9 28.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4 21.7 19.1 25.9 36.0 32.2 28.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 21.3 18.9 27.0 36.1 31.8 28.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 21.5 19.1 30.7 36.2 25.3 28.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

7 21.2 18.2 29.3 36.2 24.9 24.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

8 21.6 18.8 32.1 36.3 29.7 20.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 21.7 18.5 34.7 36.4 29.9 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

10 21.6 18.8 34.7 36.4 29.7 21.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

11 21.6 19.5 34.6 35.0 29.0 21.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

12 21.5 20.3 34.7 35.8 29.4 21.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

13 21.9 20.4 34.1 34.1 29.0 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

14 21.8 20.4 34.1 34.2 28.5 20.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

15 22.8 20.3 34.2 34.2 28.1 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

16 21.2 20.3 34.1 34.2 27.2 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

17 21.2 19.8 34.1 34.2 26.9 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

18 22.4 20.1 34.2 34.1 26.9 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

19 21.1 20.0 34.7 34.2 27.0 21.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

20 21.1 20.1 34.7 34.1 29.4 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

21 21.6 20.2 34.4 34.2 29.4 20.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

22 21.7 20.0 34.0 34.1 29.5 20.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

23 22.0 19.5 34.0 34.1 29.5 20.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

24 22.0 19.7 34.1 34.3 29.4 20.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

25 21.1 20.3 34.2 34.2 29.4 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

26 19.7 20.4 34.3 34.2 29.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

27 19.9 20.0 33.8 34.2 29.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

28 20.0 20.2 33.8 34.1 27.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

29 20.3 20.2 33.7 34.1 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

30 20.6 20.6 34.5 34.1 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

31 20.2 -- 35.7 34.1 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 --

Mean 21.4 19.7 32.2 34.9 29.3 17.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maximum 22.8 20.6 35.7 36.4 34.1 28.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Minimum 19.7 18.2 20.1 34.1 24.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Appendix 5

Appendix 5—Daily Total Volume of Water Withdrawn at an 

Aquifer Storage and Recovery Site, Bexar County, Texas, 

2004–11
58 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 5. Daily total volume of water withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2004 (Oct. 2003–Sept. 2004) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 4.8 0.0

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 1.8 0.0

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.0 0.0

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.1 0.0 0.0

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.1 0.0 0.0

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.9 0.0 0.0

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 2.1

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 4.9

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 4.9

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 4.9

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 4.9

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 4.9

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.9 0.0 4.8

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.1 0.0 4.8

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.0 0.0 4.8

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 5.0 0.0 4.8

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 4.9 0.0 4.9

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.8 0.0 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.4 0.2 1.7

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.1 4.8 4.9

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0 0.0 0.0
Appendix 5 59

Appendix 5. Daily total volume of water withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2005 (Oct. 2004–Sept. 2005) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 3.8

2 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 9.5

3 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.2

4 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0

5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0

6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.2

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.3

8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.1

9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.9

10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.6

11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.5

12 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4

13 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8

14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5

15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2

16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

31 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 9.4 -- 0.0 0.0 --

Mean 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 5.8

Maximum 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 18.3

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
60 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 5. Daily total volume of water withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2006 (Oct. 2005–Sept. 2006) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4

2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.9

3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.7

4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.5

5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.1

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 19.8

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 21.3

8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 21.3

9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.1 0.0 0.0 22.0

10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 0.0 21.5

11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 0.0 0.0 21.3

12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 0.0 0.0 22.2

13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 0.0 0.0 30.1

14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.6 0.0 0.0 28.5

15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0 0.5 0.2 28.5

16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.6 0.0 0.0 30.9

17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 29.5

18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 27.8

19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.3 0.0 0.5 32.8

20 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 0.0 0.0 31.1

21 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.8 29.2

22 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 26.6

23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.2 22.0

24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.9 16.2

25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 21.4

26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.5 20.8

27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.5 21.9

28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.5 22.6

29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 21.0

30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 21.5

31 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 20.3 --

Mean 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 0.0 6.1 23.7

Maximum 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 0.5 21.4 32.8

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.2
Appendix 5 61

Appendix 5. Daily total volume of water withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2007 (Oct. 2006–Sept. 2007) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 21.2 0.0 20.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.5

2 20.7 10.4 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7

3 21.2 21.4 20.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1

4 21.9 21.3 21.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8

5 21.1 21.0 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0

6 21.2 15.2 21.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5

7 21.4 20.1 21.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 8.9

8 11.8 20.8 21.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 10.3

9 2.4 20.9 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5

10 0.0 20.8 21.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1

11 0.0 20.8 19.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4

12 0.0 20.1 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7

13 0.0 21.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0

14 0.0 21.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8

15 0.0 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

16 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

17 0.0 19.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

18 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

19 0.0 19.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

20 0.0 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

21 0.0 20.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

22 0.0 20.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

23 0.0 21.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

24 0.0 18.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

25 0.0 20.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0

26 0.0 20.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

27 0.0 21.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

28 0.0 21.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

29 0.0 21.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

30 0.0 21.4 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0

31 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 7.9 --

Mean 5.3 19.5 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.2

Maximum 21.9 21.5 21.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 11.7

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
62 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 5. Daily total volume of water withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2008 (Oct. 2007–Sept. 2008) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 8.9 0.0 0.0

2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 9.9 0.0 2.6

3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 0.0 0.0 10.1 0.0 1.2

4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 0.0 0.5 11.7 0.0 4.4

5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 8.3 0.0 0.0

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 0.0

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 9.9 0.0 0.0 8.9 0.0 0.0

8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 9.8 0.0 0.0

9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.7 0.0 0.0

10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.0 0.0

11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 0.0 0.0

12 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.0

13 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 0.0 0.0

14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.7 0.0 0.0

15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 0.0 0.0

16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 0.0

17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 0.0 0.0

18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 0.0 0.0

19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0

20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0

24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 0.0 0.0 1.9 6.9 0.0 0.0

25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.7 0.0 0.0

26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.6 0.0 0.0 7.2 2.1 0.0 0.0

27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0 7.7 2.2 0.0 0.0

28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.7 0.0 0.0 9.7 2.3 0.0 0.0

29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.7 0.1 0.0 8.9 2.2 0.0 0.0

30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 10.8 0.0 0.0 6.4 2.1 0.0 0.0

31 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 -- 12.8 -- 0.0 -- 2.1 0.0 --

Mean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 2.4 0.0 1.5 7.0 0.0 0.3

Maximum 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.8 10.4 0.0 9.7 12.6 0.0 4.4

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Appendix 5 63

Appendix 5. Daily total volume of water withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2009 (Oct. 2008–Sept. 2009) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 7.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 23.4 0.0 21.7 0.2

2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 7.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 23.5 0.0 20.4 1.4

3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 7.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 22.8 0.0 17.6 7.7

4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.0 6.9 0.0 0.1 28.9 0.0 19.1 9.0

5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 6.2 6.9 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 23.1 9.0

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.2 6.9 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0 24.6 9.1

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 6.3 6.9 0.0 0.0 31.6 0.0 19.9 9.0

8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 6.9 6.9 0.0 0.0 32.8 1.6 19.9 9.0

9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 6.9 0.0 0.0 30.0 17.3 21.3 9.0

10 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 6.9 6.9 0.0 0.0 14.2 22.6 21.3 9.0

11 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 6.3 6.9 0.0 0.0 15.2 23.4 19.9 8.9

12 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 1.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 26.7 24.1 17.1 8.6

13 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 2.5 6.9 0.0 0.0 11.9 24.0 17.0 6.9

14 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 6.9 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 16.9 3.3

15 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 2.1 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 17.0 0.0

16 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 18.2 0.0

17 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.0 1.8 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.7 21.3 0.0

18 0.0 0.0 0.5 7.0 6.4 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.3 21.3 0.0

19 0.0 0.0 0.8 7.0 4.8 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.4 18.0 0.0

20 0.0 0.0 4.5 7.0 1.2 6.9 0.0 1.7 0.0 22.4 21.5 0.0

21 0.0 0.0 4.7 7.0 6.2 4.2 0.0 14.1 0.0 23.1 17.9 0.0

22 0.0 0.0 4.7 7.0 6.9 6.2 0.0 21.4 0.0 27.1 16.2 0.0

23 0.0 0.0 3.9 7.0 6.9 6.9 0.0 20.6 0.0 22.2 18.9 0.0

24 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.2 6.9 6.5 0.0 19.3 0.0 19.5 12.3 0.0

25 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 6.9 1.9 0.0 18.5 0.0 17.9 18.9 0.0

26 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 21.3 0.0 17.9 22.7 0.0

27 0.0 0.0 0.2 6.4 6.9 0.0 0.0 21.2 0.0 17.8 19.0 0.0

28 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 6.9 0.0 0.0 16.8 0.0 18.2 18.1 0.0

29 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.4 -- 0.0 0.0 21.0 0.0 22.7 20.7 0.0

30 0.0 0.0 4.0 6.9 -- 0.0 0.0 21.2 0.0 22.7 20.3 0.0

31 0.0 -- 4.5 7.0 -- 0.0 -- 21.9 -- 25.9 4.7 --

Mean 0.0 0.0 0.9 4.6 5.4 5.3 0.0 7.1 10.9 16.4 18.9 3.3

Maximum 0.0 0.0 4.7 7.2 7.0 6.9 0.0 21.9 33.3 27.1 24.6 9.1

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0
64 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 5. Daily total volume of water withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.6

2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.9

3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.3

4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.3

5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.8

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.6

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.4

8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.5

9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5

10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0

11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2

12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9

13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.4

14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3

15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2

16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.8

17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4

18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7

19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 12.3

20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.2 8.6

21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 1.0

22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.3 0.0

23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.9 0.0

24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.3 0.0

25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.2 0.0

26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.8 0.0

27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.1 0.0

28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.3 0.0

29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.7 0.0

30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.6 0.0

31 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 -- 0.0 24.4 --

Mean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 10.6

Maximum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.3 26.6

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Appendix 5 65

Appendix 5. Daily total volume of water withdrawn at an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar County, Texas, 2004–11.—Continued

[Volume in million gallons; --, no data or not reported]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.7 23.4 22.7 41.4 41.8 40.2

2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.0 23.4 24.1 26.7 36.7 39.3

3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.3 23.4 24.4 23.8 37.7 41.1

4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.8 18.4 23.4 23.3 42.6 38.6

5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.7 23.2 23.4 35.5 41.4 37.7

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.6 21.5 23.5 43.3 42.3 41.7

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.2 20.8 23.5 37.8 41.9 42.3

8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.3 23.4 25.2 39.2 39.9 39.3

9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.6 23.5 23.4 39.8 43.0 39.0

10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.6 23.5 22.1 44.9 42.4 40.9

11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.8 22.6 24.2 42.2 41.2 40.7

12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.2 23.5 23.9 39.7 41.3 40.7

13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.6 25.2 23.3 39.8 41.2 40.7

14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 23.4 21.6 23.5 41.0 42.0 41.4

15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.9 22.0 22.4 44.4 41.4 42.5

16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.7 24.3 22.5 44.2 37.8 42.7

17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.5 22.7 24.7 40.2 43.3 40.8

18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.3 22.7 23.5 42.1 40.9 40.8

19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.4 24.0 23.3 42.3 41.9 40.8

20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.2 22.6 34.0 29.1 39.9 40.8

21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.9 21.6 41.4 21.1 39.5 40.9

22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.3 22.8 38.5 21.2 41.5 42.1

23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.8 22.8 34.7 21.9 42.4 33.9

24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.8 21.9 36.2 19.8 40.3 22.6

25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.8 21.3 35.3 34.5 39.4 24.6

26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.8 21.7 40.1 39.2 41.3 22.8

27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.3 23.4 39.7 41.7 40.9 22.0

28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 23.4 23.8 41.7 38.0 39.4 22.5

29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 10.4 23.4 23.8 42.5 39.8 40.3 23.2

30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -- 19.7 23.4 22.5 40.7 42.2 41.7 23.7

31 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 -- 24.4 -- 21.2 -- 41.1 41.6 --

Mean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 21.7 22.7 29.1 36.2 40.9 36.3

Maximum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 24.4 26.0 25.2 42.5 44.9 43.3 42.7

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.8 18.4 22.1 19.8 36.7 22.0

Appendix 6

Appendix 6—Daily Mean Water Temperature at U.S. Geological 

Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar 

County, Texas, 2009–11
68 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 6.1. Daily mean water temperature at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11 (sensor depth 380 feet below land-surface datum).

[Temperature in degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.7

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.7

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.7

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.7

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.7

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.7

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.7

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 25.0

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 25.0

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 25.0

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.8

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.0

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 25.0

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 25.0

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.9 25.1

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.9 25.1

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9 25.1

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.9

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.9 25.1

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.7
Appendix 6 69

Appendix 6.1. Daily mean water temperature at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11 (sensor depth 380 feet below land-surface datum).—Continued

[Temperature in degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 25.1 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.0 25.3 25.2 24.9 24.8 24.7

2 25.1 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.4 25.0 24.9 25.2 24.9 24.9 24.7

3 25.1 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.3 25.0 25.3 25.2 25.1 24.8 24.7

4 25.1 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.2 25.0 25.3 25.3 25.1 24.8 24.7

5 25.1 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.1 25.0 25.3 25.3 25.1 24.7 24.7

6 25.1 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.1 25.0 25.3 25.3 24.9 24.7 24.7

7 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.0 25.0 25.3 25.3 24.9 24.7 24.7

8 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.0 25.0 25.3 25.3 24.8 24.7 24.7

9 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.0 25.0 25.3 25.3 24.8 24.7 24.7

10 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.9 25.0 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.7 24.7

11 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.9 25.1 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.7 24.7

12 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.9 25.1 25.3 25.2 24.9 24.7 24.7

13 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.9 25.1 25.3 25.2 25.0 24.7 24.7

14 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.9 25.1 25.3 25.2 24.9 24.7 24.7

15 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.1 25.3 25.3 24.8 24.7 24.7

16 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.1 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.8 24.7

17 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.1 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.8 24.7

18 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.1 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.7 24.7

19 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.1 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.7 24.7

20 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.1 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.7 24.7

21 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.2 25.3 25.1 24.8 24.7 24.7

22 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.2 25.2 25.0 24.8 24.7 24.8

23 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.2 25.1 25.0 24.8 24.7 24.7

24 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.2 25.1 25.0 24.8 24.7 25.0

25 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.3 25.0 24.9 24.8 24.7 25.0

26 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.3 25.0 24.9 24.8 24.7 25.0

27 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.3 25.1 24.9 24.8 24.7 25.0

28 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.3 25.1 24.9 24.8 24.7 25.0

29 25.4 25.4 25.5 25.5 -- 24.8 25.3 25.2 24.9 24.8 24.7 25.1

30 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 -- 24.8 25.3 25.2 24.9 24.8 24.7 25.1

31 25.4 -- 25.5 25.5 -- 24.8 -- 25.2 -- 24.8 24.7 --

Mean 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.9 25.1 25.2 25.1 24.9 24.7 24.8

Maximum 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.1 24.9 25.1

Minimum 25.1 25.4 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.8 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.7 24.7
70 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 6.2. Daily mean water temperature at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2010–11 (sensor depth 460 feet below land-surface datum).

[Temperature in degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.1 25.4 25.3 24.9 24.9 24.8

2 -- -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.5 25.1 25.4 25.3 25.0 25.0 24.8

3 -- -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.3 25.1 25.4 25.3 25.1 24.9 24.8

4 -- -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.2 25.1 25.4 25.3 25.2 24.9 24.8

5 -- -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.1 25.2 25.4 25.4 25.1 24.9 24.8

6 -- -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.1 25.2 25.4 25.4 25.0 24.8 24.8

7 -- -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.0 25.2 25.4 25.4 25.0 24.8 24.8

8 -- -- 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.2 25.4 25.4 24.9 24.8 24.8

9 -- 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.2 25.4 25.4 24.9 24.8 24.8

10 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.2 25.4 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.8

11 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.8

12 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.3 25.0 24.8 24.8

13 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.3 25.1 24.8 24.8

14 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.8

15 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.3 25.4 25.4 24.9 24.8 24.8

16 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.3 25.4 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.8

17 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.8

18 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.8

19 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.3 24.9 24.8 24.8

20 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.2 24.9 24.8 24.8

21 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.3 25.3 25.1 24.9 24.8 24.8

22 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.8 25.3 25.2 25.1 24.9 24.8 24.8

23 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.8 25.3 25.1 25.0 24.9 24.8 24.9

24 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.8 25.3 25.1 25.0 24.8 24.8 25.0

25 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.8 25.3 25.0 25.0 24.8 24.8 25.0

26 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.1 25.0 24.9 24.8 25.1

27 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.1 25.0 24.9 24.8 25.1

28 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.3 25.2 25.0 24.9 24.8 25.1

29 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 -- 24.9 25.3 25.2 25.0 24.9 24.8 25.1

30 -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 -- 24.9 25.3 25.2 25.0 24.9 24.8 25.2

31 -- -- 25.5 25.6 -- 25.0 -- 25.3 -- 24.9 24.8 --

Mean -- -- 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.2 25.3 25.2 24.9 24.8 24.9

Maximum -- -- 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.2 25.0 25.2

Minimum -- -- 25.5 25.5 25.6 24.8 25.1 25.0 25.0 24.8 24.8 24.8
Appendix 6 71

Appendix 6.3. Daily mean water temperature at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2010–11 (sensor depth 520 feet below land-surface datum).

[Temperature in degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.0

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 25.0

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.0

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.0

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.0

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.0

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.1

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.1

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.1

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 25.1

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.8 25.1

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.8 24.9

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.9 25.1

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.7 24.8
72 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 6.3. Daily mean water temperature at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2010–11 (sensor depth 520 feet below land-surface datum).—Continued

[Temperature in degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 25.2 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.1 25.5 25.4 25.0 24.9 24.9

2 25.2 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.5 25.1 -- 25.4 25.0 24.9 24.9

3 25.2 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.3 25.1 25.5 25.4 25.0 24.9 24.9

4 25.2 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.2 25.2 25.5 25.4 25.1 24.9 24.9

5 25.2 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.2 25.2 25.5 25.4 25.1 24.9 24.8

6 25.2 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.1 25.2 25.5 25.5 25.0 24.9 24.9

7 25.2 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.1 25.2 25.5 25.5 25.0 24.9 24.9

8 25.3 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.1 25.2 25.5 25.5 25.0 24.9 24.9

9 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.2 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.8

10 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.3 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.8

11 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.3 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.8

12 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.3 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.9

13 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.3 25.5 25.5 25.0 24.9 24.9

14 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.3 25.5 25.5 25.0 24.9 24.9

15 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.3 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.8

16 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.3 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.8

17 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.3 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.8

18 25.6 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.3 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.8

19 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.5 25.5 24.9 24.9 24.8

20 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.5 25.4 24.9 24.9 24.8

21 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.4 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.8

22 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.2 25.1 24.9 24.9 25.5

23 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.1 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.8

24 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.1 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.9

25 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.1 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9

26 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.4 25.1 25.0 24.9 24.9 25.0

27 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.5 25.1 25.0 24.9 24.9 25.0

28 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.5 25.1 25.0 24.9 24.9 25.1

29 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 -- 24.9 25.5 25.2 25.0 24.9 24.9 25.1

30 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 -- 25.0 25.5 25.3 25.0 24.9 24.9 25.2

31 25.5 -- 25.6 25.6 -- 25.1 -- 25.3 -- 24.9 24.9 --

Mean 25.3 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.3 -- 25.3 24.9 24.9 24.9

Maximum 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.5 -- 25.5 25.1 24.9 25.5

Minimum 25.2 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.6 24.9 25.1 -- 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.8
Appendix 6 73

Appendix 6.4. Daily mean water temperature at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11 (sensor depth 530 feet below land-surface datum).

[Temperature in degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2009 (Oct. 2008–Sept. 2009) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.5 25.6

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.5 25.6

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.2 25.6

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.2 25.6

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.2 25.6

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.3 25.6

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.4 25.6

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.4 25.6

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.5 25.6

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.5 25.6

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.5 25.6

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.6
74 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 6.4. Daily mean water temperature at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11 (sensor depth 530 feet below land-surface datum).—Continued

[Temperature in degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 25.6 25.6 25.1 24.9 24.9 25.2 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.1

2 25.6 25.6 25.1 24.9 24.9 25.2 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9

3 25.6 25.6 25.1 24.9 24.9 25.0 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8

4 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8

5 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.8

6 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0 24.8 24.8

7 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.1 24.9 24.8

8 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.2 24.8 24.8

9 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.3 24.8 24.9

10 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.3 24.9 24.9

11 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.3 24.8 24.9

12 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.4 24.8 25.0

13 25.6 25.6 -- 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.4 24.8 25.0

14 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.4 24.9 25.0

15 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.4 24.9 25.0

16 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.4 24.9 25.0

17 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.5 24.9 25.1

18 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.5 25.0 25.1

19 25.6 25.6 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.5 24.9 25.1

20 25.6 25.6 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.5 24.8 25.1

21 25.6 25.4 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.4 24.8 25.1

22 25.6 25.4 25.0 25.0 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.1 24.9 25.1

23 25.6 25.4 24.9 25.0 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.0 25.1

24 25.6 25.4 24.9 24.9 25.1 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.0 25.1

25 25.6 25.3 24.9 24.9 25.1 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.2

26 25.6 25.2 24.9 24.9 25.2 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.2

27 25.6 25.1 24.9 24.9 25.2 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.2

28 25.6 25.1 24.9 24.9 25.2 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.2

29 25.6 25.1 24.9 24.9 -- 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.2

30 25.6 25.1 24.9 24.9 -- 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.2

31 25.6 -- 24.9 24.9 -- 24.8 -- 24.9 -- 24.9 25.1 --

Mean 25.6 25.5 -- 24.9 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.1 24.9 25.0

Maximum 25.6 25.6 -- 25.0 25.2 25.2 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.5 25.1 25.2

Minimum 25.6 25.1 -- 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8 24.8
Appendix 6 75

Appendix 6.4. Daily mean water temperature at U.S. Geological Survey station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11 (sensor depth 530 feet below land-surface datum).—Continued

[Temperature in degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 25.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

2 25.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

3 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

4 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

5 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

6 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

7 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

8 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

9 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

10 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

11 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

12 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

13 25.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 7

Appendix 7—Daily Mean Specific Conductance at U.S. 

Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), 

Bexar County, Texas, 2009–11
78 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 7.1. Daily mean specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2010–11 (sensor depth 380 feet below land-surface datum).

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 208

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 211

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 213

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 212

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 212

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206 212

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 212

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 210

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 206

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206 206

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 206

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 206

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 205 206

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 206

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 206

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 211 206

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212 206

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 205

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 214 205

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 215 205

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 215 202

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 200

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 203

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 204

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 205

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212 206

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212 206

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206 206

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206 205

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 207 203

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207 208 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 209 207

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 215 213

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 205 200
Appendix 7 79

Appendix 7.1. Daily mean specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2010–11 (sensor depth 380 feet below land-surface datum).—Continued

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 202 188 188 184 185 184 202 191 184 207 213 219

2 200 188 188 184 185 184 201 185 183 201 210 219

3 199 188 187 184 185 188 201 186 183 193 210 219

4 198 187 186 184 185 194 200 184 182 193 215 220

5 197 187 186 184 185 200 202 185 181 192 215 219

6 196 187 186 184 185 204 201 184 181 202 216 220

7 195 187 186 184 185 206 201 185 181 208 216 220

8 195 188 186 184 185 207 201 186 182 210 216 220

9 195 189 186 184 184 208 203 187 182 210 217 220

10 194 189 186 184 184 208 204 187 184 210 217 220

11 194 188 186 184 184 209 205 187 185 211 217 220

12 194 188 186 184 184 209 204 186 186 206 218 220

13 194 188 186 184 184 209 204 186 184 195 218 221

14 193 188 185 184 184 209 205 185 184 204 216 221

15 193 188 185 184 184 210 206 183 183 211 216 220

16 192 188 185 184 184 210 206 184 184 213 217 220

17 192 188 185 184 184 208 204 183 185 213 217 220

18 192 188 184 184 184 206 203 183 186 213 217 221

19 190 188 184 184 184 206 203 183 185 213 217 221

20 190 188 184 184 184 206 204 183 185 213 217 221

21 189 188 184 184 184 206 204 182 186 213 217 221

22 189 188 183 184 184 206 201 185 190 212 217 219

23 188 188 183 184 184 206 199 187 197 212 217 218

24 188 188 183 184 184 205 197 192 202 211 218 200

25 188 188 183 185 184 205 195 195 204 211 218 200

26 188 188 183 185 184 204 193 196 205 211 218 199

27 188 188 183 185 184 203 193 191 205 211 218 197

28 188 188 183 185 184 203 192 189 204 212 218 194

29 188 188 183 185 -- 202 192 189 203 212 218 191

30 188 188 183 185 -- 202 191 188 201 212 218 189

31 188 -- 183 185 -- 201 -- 185 -- 212 218 --

Mean 192 188 185 184 184 203 201 187 189 208 216 214

Maximum 202 189 188 185 185 210 206 196 205 213 218 221

Minimum 188 187 183 184 184 184 191 182 181 192 210 189
80 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 7.2. Daily mean specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2010–11 (sensor depth 460 feet below land-surface datum).

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- 188 187 187 188 211 197 189 204 208 214

2 -- -- 188 187 187 188 212 194 188 200 207 214

3 -- -- 188 187 187 191 212 189 187 198 208 214

4 -- -- 188 187 187 198 212 188 187 198 210 214

5 -- -- 187 187 187 204 212 190 186 196 210 214

6 -- -- 187 187 187 207 212 188 186 202 210 214

7 -- -- 187 187 187 209 211 189 186 204 210 214

8 -- -- 187 187 187 210 211 189 186 206 210 214

9 -- 190 187 187 187 210 212 189 186 206 210 214

10 -- 190 187 187 187 210 213 189 187 206 211 214

11 -- 190 187 187 187 211 213 188 187 206 211 214

12 -- 190 188 187 187 211 213 188 187 203 211 214

13 -- 190 188 187 187 211 213 188 187 200 211 214

14 -- 190 188 187 187 211 213 187 186 204 212 214

15 -- 190 188 187 187 211 213 187 186 207 212 214

16 -- 190 188 187 187 211 213 188 186 208 212 214

17 -- 190 188 187 187 212 212 187 187 208 212 214

18 -- 190 188 187 187 212 211 187 187 208 212 214

19 -- 189 188 187 187 212 212 187 186 208 213 214

20 -- 189 188 187 187 212 212 186 188 208 212 214

21 -- 189 188 187 187 212 210 187 191 209 212 214

22 -- 189 188 187 187 212 207 190 195 208 212 215

23 -- 189 188 187 187 212 205 192 200 208 212 212

24 -- 189 188 187 187 212 203 196 202 208 213 206

25 -- 189 188 187 187 212 200 198 203 208 213 206

26 -- 189 187 187 187 211 199 198 203 208 213 205

27 -- 189 187 187 187 211 198 197 203 208 213 202

28 -- 189 187 187 188 211 198 196 204 208 213 197

29 -- 189 187 187 -- 210 198 195 204 208 213 194

30 -- 189 187 187 -- 208 197 193 202 208 214 193

31 -- -- 187 187 -- 208 -- 190 -- 208 214 --

Mean -- -- 188 187 187 208 209 191 191 205 211 211

Maximum -- -- 188 187 188 212 213 198 204 209 214 215

Minimum -- -- 187 187 187 188 197 186 186 196 207 193
Appendix 7 81

Appendix 7.3. Daily mean specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2010–11 (sensor depth 520 feet below land-surface datum).

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 214 211

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 214 210

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 214 211

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 211

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 210

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212 210

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212 210

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212 210

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 211

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 211

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 211

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 211

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 211

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 211

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 211

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 214 211

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 214 209

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 215 209

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 208

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 211 209

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 210 209

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 210 207

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 209 205

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 208

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 209 210

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 210 210

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 210 210

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 210 210

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 211 210

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 212 209

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213 212 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212 210

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 215 211

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 205
82 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 7.3. Daily mean specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas (sensor depth 520 feet below land-surface datum).—Continued

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 207 188 186 185 185 184 205 183 184 202 206 210

2 206 188 186 185 185 184 207 -- 183 202 206 210

3 205 188 186 185 185 186 210 181 183 202 205 210

4 204 188 185 185 185 193 211 183 183 201 207 210

5 203 188 185 185 185 198 211 183 183 196 206 211

6 201 188 185 184 185 202 212 182 184 198 207 211

7 200 188 185 185 184 204 211 181 184 203 207 210

8 200 187 185 185 185 204 211 180 184 204 207 210

9 200 186 185 184 185 205 213 181 184 204 207 211

10 199 186 185 184 185 205 212 183 183 204 207 211

11 198 186 185 185 185 205 209 184 184 204 207 211

12 198 186 185 184 184 206 210 183 185 204 207 210

13 198 186 184 184 184 206 210 182 184 203 208 210

14 198 186 184 185 185 206 209 182 184 200 208 210

15 197 186 185 184 185 206 208 183 184 205 207 211

16 196 186 185 184 184 206 208 184 184 205 209 211

17 196 186 185 185 184 206 208 184 184 206 209 211

18 194 186 185 184 184 206 210 184 184 206 209 211

19 192 186 185 184 184 206 212 183 183 205 209 212

20 193 186 185 184 184 206 209 183 185 206 209 212

21 192 186 185 185 184 206 204 184 189 207 210 212

22 192 186 185 185 184 206 200 191 192 207 209 202

23 191 186 185 185 185 206 196 192 197 207 208 206

24 191 186 185 185 185 206 193 195 200 206 208 210

25 190 186 185 185 184 206 190 197 201 206 209 210

26 190 186 185 185 184 206 189 198 201 206 209 210

27 190 186 185 185 184 206 188 197 201 205 209 205

28 190 186 185 185 184 206 186 197 201 206 210 198

29 189 186 185 185 -- 205 185 196 201 206 210 193

30 189 186 185 185 -- 203 184 193 200 206 210 190

31 189 -- 185 185 -- 203 -- 187 -- 206 210 --

Mean 196 187 185 185 185 203 204 -- 189 204 208 208

Maximum 207 188 186 185 185 206 213 -- 201 207 210 212

Minimum 189 186 184 184 184 184 184 -- 183 196 205 190
Appendix 7 83

Appendix 7.4. Daily mean specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11 (sensor depth 530 feet below land-surface datum).

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2009 (Oct. 2008–Sept. 2009) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 195

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 195

3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 196

4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 197

5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 198

6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 198

7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 198

8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 200

9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206

10 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206

11 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 207

12 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208

13 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 209

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 210

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 210

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 211

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 212

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 205 213

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 205 213

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 203 210

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206 205

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 204

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 208 206

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 210 209

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206 211

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 203 211

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 203 212

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 201 213

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 195 --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 206

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 213

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 195
84 Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site

Appendix 7.4. Daily mean specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11 (sensor depth 530 feet below land-surface datum).—Continued

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2010 (Oct. 2009–Sept. 2010) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 213 235 208 212 217 218 219 214 214 212 213 213

2 214 235 209 212 217 218 218 214 214 212 213 209

3 215 227 209 212 218 219 218 215 214 212 213 210

4 216 226 209 212 218 219 218 215 214 212 213 210

5 217 225 209 213 218 219 218 215 213 212 213 210

6 218 225 210 213 218 219 218 215 213 213 213 209

7 217 225 210 213 218 219 218 215 213 211 214 209

8 218 225 210 213 218 219 217 215 213 205 214 209

9 224 224 211 214 218 219 217 215 213 200 214 209

10 231 224 211 214 218 219 217 214 213 196 214 209

11 232 224 211 214 218 219 217 214 213 194 214 209

12 232 223 211 214 218 219 217 214 213 193 214 209

13 231 223 -- 215 218 219 217 214 213 192 214 209

14 235 223 -- 215 218 220 216 214 213 191 214 210

15 243 222 -- 216 218 220 216 214 213 191 214 210

16 242 222 208 216 218 219 216 214 213 191 214 210

17 242 222 208 216 218 219 215 214 213 191 214 210

18 241 221 208 217 218 219 215 214 213 191 215 210

19 240 221 208 216 218 219 216 214 213 191 214 210

20 239 218 208 216 218 219 215 214 212 191 211 210

21 239 202 208 216 218 219 216 214 212 193 211 210

22 239 205 208 216 218 219 215 214 212 204 210 210

23 238 206 209 217 218 219 215 214 212 210 210 205

24 238 207 209 217 217 218 216 214 212 210 212 207

25 237 207 210 217 216 218 215 214 212 211 213 209

26 237 207 210 217 216 218 216 214 212 211 210 209

27 237 208 210 217 216 218 216 214 212 212 210 210

28 236 208 211 217 217 218 215 214 212 212 211 210

29 236 208 211 217 -- 218 214 214 212 213 214 210

30 236 208 211 217 -- 219 214 214 212 213 215 210

31 235 -- 211 217 -- 219 -- 214 -- 213 216 --

Mean 231 219 -- 215 218 219 216 214 213 203 213 209

Maximum 243 235 -- 217 218 220 219 215 214 213 216 213

Minimum 213 202 -- 212 216 218 214 214 212 191 210 205
Appendix 7 85

Appendix 7.4. Daily mean specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey Station 290802098232901 AY–68–53–928 (C8), Bexar County, 

Texas, 2009–11 (sensor depth 530 feet below land-surface datum).—Continued

[Specific conductance in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; --, no data]

Water year 2011 (Oct. 2010–Sept. 2011) daily mean values

Day Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.

1 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

2 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

3 209 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

4 209 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

5 207 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

6 207 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

7 206 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

8 206 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

9 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

10 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

11 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

12 204 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

13 204 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

14 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

15 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

16 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

17 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

18 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

19 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

20 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

21 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

22 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

27 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

28 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

29 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

31 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Mean -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Maximum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Minimum -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
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Information regarding water resources in Texas is available at 

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Crow—Water-Level Altitudes and Continuous and Discrete Groundwater Quality at and near an ASR Site—SIR 2012–5260

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