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### Document

Number: 

# 43 ) ll-C-5c [

Docket Number: 

# A-83-2 2

Printed 4/16/2008 9:12:07

AM Sheet 43 of 97P. 2

\

DEMOGRAPHI C DAT AFO R LEA D EXPOSUR E ANALYSE S 

### ft - 

### S- 3 - 

### Z. Z. 

## 77 - C - srat

b y RoyA

. Pau l PE I Associates , Inc
. 50 5 Sout hDuk e Street , Suit e 50 3 Durham , Nort hCarolin a 27701-319 6

Contrac t No
. 68-02-430 9 Wor k Assignmen t No
. 1 4 PN3659-1 4
Projec t Office r Richar d B
. Atherto n
Wor k Assignmen t Manage r Jef f Cohe n

STRATEGIE S AN D AI R STANDARD S DIVISIO N U.S
. ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO NAGENC Y RESEARC H TRIANGL E PARK , NORT H CAROLINA2771 1

Januar y198 6P. 3

DISCLAIME R

Thi s repor t wa s prepare db y PE I Associates , Inc. , Cincinnati , Ohio , unde r Contrac t No . 68-02-4309 , Wor kAssignmen t No . 14 . I t ha s bee nreviewe db y th e Strategie s andAi r Standard s Divisio no f th e Offic e o f Ai r Qualit y Plannin g an dStandards , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , an dapprove dfo r publica tion . Approva l doe s no t signif y tha t th e content s necessaril y reflec t th e view s an dpolicie s o f th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency . Mentio no f trad e name s o r commercia l product s i s no t intende dt o constitut e endorsemen t o r recommendatio nfo r use .



### nP. 4

CONTENT S
Figure s i v Table s v Acknowledgmen t vi
1 . Introductio n1
2 . Geographi c Unit s o f Analysi s 3 3 . Populatio nDat a 4

Burea uo f censu s dat a 4 Ag e group s 4 Leadinhome s 5 Secondar y

occupationa l exposur e 7 Pregnan t wome n8 Populatio nprojection s 1 3 4 . Output s fro

m th e demographi c program 1 5 Reference s 2 4 Appendi x Sourc e cod e fo r demographi c progra m 2 5



### mP. 5

FIGURE S

Numbe r Pag e 1 Sampl e o f Ai r Qualit y Dat a Use db

y Program MATCH-AQ 1 6
2 Pregnanc y

Dat a Use dinProgram MATCH-AQ 1 7 3 User-Specifie dInput s fo r Program MATCH-AQ 1 8 4 Sampl e o f Geographi c Dat a Tabl e fo r Censu s Tract s Aroun da

Poin t Sourc e 2 0 5 Sampl e o f Ai r Qualit y Dat a Tabl e fo r Censu s Tract s Aroun da Poin t Sourc e 2 1 6 Sampl e o f Demographi c Dat a Tabl e fo r On e Ag e Group2 2
7 Sampl e o f Outpu t Fil e Record s 2 3

i vP. 6

TABLE S

Numbe r Pag e

1 Estimate s o f Percentag e o f .Home s Wit hLead-Base d Paint

. .. . 6 2 Birt hRate s b yAg e Group o f Mothe r and b yRac e o f Child , 198 1 9 3 Feta l Deat hRatio s b yAg e Group o f Mothe r and Rac e o f Child , 197 8 1 0 4 Numbe r o f Feta l Death s b ySpecifie d Period s o f Gestatio n fo r State s Requirin g Reportin g o f Al l Feta l Deaths , 1978

. .. . 1 1 5 BE APopulatio n Projection s and Correspondin g Projectio n

Fraction s . ' 1 4P. 7

ACKNOWLEDGMEN T

Thi s repor t wa s prepare dfo r th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y b y PE I Associates , Inc. , Cincinnati , Ohio . Mr . Jef f Cohe nwa s th e EP A Wor k Assignmen t Manager . Mr . Davi dDunba r serve da s th e Projec t Director ; Mr . Roy Pau l wa s th e Projec t Manager . Th e principa l autho r wa s Mr . Roy-Paul . Th e autho r woul dlik e t o than kMr . Jef f Cohe nfo r hi s guidanc e anddirectio non thi s wor kassignment . Th e autho r woul dals o lik e t o acknowledg e Mr . Ted Johnso nandMs . Alici a Ferd o fo r thei r assistanc e andcooperation .

v iP. 8

SECTIO N 1
INTRODUCTION

Unde r th e Clea nAi r Act , th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA ) i s responsibl e fo r establishin g Nationa l Ambien t Ai r Qualit y Standard s (NAAQS )
andfo r reviewin g them periodicall y

t o determin e thei r adequac y onth e basi s o f recen t experienc e andresearch . I nlin e wit hthes e responsibilities , th e Strategie s andAi r Standard s Divisio n(SASD ) o f th e Offic e o f Ai r Qualit y Plannin g andStandard s (OAQPS ) i s explorin g th e us e o f quantitativ e method s fo r assessin g healt hrisk s associate dwit hpropose dai r qualit y standards . A nimportan t aspec t o f a healt hris kassessmen t i s th e estimatio no f pop ulatio nexposure . Fo r th e pas t few years , SAS Dha s bee nengage dindevelopin g anexposur e mode l suitabl e fo r evaluatin g alternativ e ambien t ai r standards . Th e mode l i s know

na s NEM , anacrony

m fo r NAAQ S Dcposur e Model . Althoug hdifferen t version s o f NEM hav e bee ndevelope dfo r differen t pollutants , th e variou s version s ar e simila r i ntha t eac hconsider s th e effec t o f a person' s activit y pattern s onhi s o r he r exposure . Activit y pattern s ar e usuall y

represente da s a sequenc e o f assignment s t o a geographi c location , t o a microenvironmen t (e.g. , indoors) , andt o anactivit y level . Th e exposur e a t eac hpoin t i ntime i s determine dfro m thes e assignments . Th e SAS Di s currentl y assessin g healt hrisk s associate dwit halternativ e NAAQ S fo r lead . Estimatio no f populatio nexposur e t o leadi s a four-ste p proces s involvin g 1 ) developmen t o f ai r qualit y data , 2 ) developmen t o f activit y data , 3 ) developmen t o f demographi c data , and4 ) calculatio no f exposures . Analyse s o f leadexposure s hav e bee nsimplifie dsomewha t becaus e dispersio nmode l estimate s ar e use dinlie uo f ai r qualit y monitorin g dat a andbecaus e activit y

pattern s ar e simplifie dt o th e averag e time s spen t in variou s microenvironments . Th e base s fo r thes e simplification s ar e discusse d i na nOAQP S staf f paper . Th e GCA Corporatio nprovide dPE I Associates , Inc . (PEI ) wit hai r qualit y estimate s fo r selecte dgeographi c location s aroundpoin t sources . Th e mode lP. 9

use dfo r thes e estimate s wa s th e Industria l Sourc e Comple x- Short-Term (ISC-ST ) dispersio nmodel , a standar dmode l frequentl y use dt o estimat e level s o f contro l fo r point-sourc e emissions . Th e IS C wa s use dt o estimat e monthl y averag e leadconcentration s a t th e center s o f censu s tract s locate dnea r give npoin t sources . Poin t source s wer e locate dwithi non e o f fou r Standar d Metropolita nStatistica l Area s (SMSA's) : Chicago , Dallas , Nashville , o r Tampa-St. . Petersburg . Give nai r qualit y

estimate s a t selecte dlocations , PE I develope da com pute r program

(MATCH-AQ ) t o calculat e th e numbe r o f childre nan dpregnan t
wome ntha t ma y

be expose dt o estimate dleadconcentration s a t eac hlocation . Th e numbe r o f childre nineac hcensu s trac t wa s furthe r subdivide db y yea r o f age . Ag e group s wer e furthe r subdivide dint o thre e housin g types : 1 ) lead-based-painte dhouse s (LPH's ) wit hdeteriorate do r peelin g paint , 2 ) LPH' s wit hsoundpaint , an d3 ) non-LP Hhome s (n o lead-base dpaints) . Housing-typ e group s wer e furthe r subdivide dint o tw o group s representin g highan dlo w probabilit y

o f experiencin g secondar y occupationa l exposure . Thes e dat a ar e use db y a secondcompute r program tha t calculate s uptak e o f leadint o children' s bodies . Th e uptak e program i s covere dinanothe r report, ' whic hdescribe s th e populatio nprogram , th e geographi c unit s used , th e demo graphi c dat a used , an dth e dat a generate db y th e program .P.1 0

SECTION 2
GEOGRAPHI C UNIT S O F ANALYSI S

Censu s tract s ar e relativel y smal l unit s o f geography tha t ca nbe use d effectivel y

i npopulatio nexposur e analyses . Censu s tract s ar e statistica l subdivision s o f a count y tha t generall y

have stabl e boundaries . Whe nestab lished , the y

ar e designe dt o be relativel y homogeneou s wit hregar dt o popula tio ncharacteristics , economi c status , an dlivin g conditions . Althoug hth e landare a o f censu s tract s ma y vary , the y

usuall y

hav e betwee n250 0 and800 0 4 / v residents . Al l standar dmetropolita nstatistica l area s (SMSA's ) recognize d fo r th e 198 0 censu s canbe define da s group s o f censu s tracts . Consequently , censu s tract s ar e particularl y usefu l geographi c unit s fo r populatio nexposur e analyses . PE I an

dEP A hav e develope da librar y o f detaile dcensu s trac t dat a fro m th e 198 0 Censu s o f Populatio nan dHousing . Th e locatio no f th e populatio nwithi na censu s trac t may convenientl y

be reference db

y a singl e point , th e populatio ncentroid , i.e. , th e averag e latitud e andlongitud e o f al l th e peopl e i nth e censu s tract . Populatio n centroid s ar e usuall y estimate db

y th e population-weighte daverag e o f al l geographi c center s o f smalle r unit s withi nth e censu s tract , suc ha s bloc k groups . I f th e populatio ncanbe assume dt o be distribute dhomogeneousl y withi nth e censu s tract , th e geographi c cente r o f th e censu s trac t als o ma y be use dt o estimat e th e populatio ncentroid . Fo r thi s study , geographi c center s o f censu s tract s wer e readil y availa bl e o na specia l compute r tap e prepare db y Geographi c Dat a Technology , Inc . (GDT ) i n1981 . Thi s specia l fil e wa s develope da s a sid e produc t o f digitiz in g latitud e an

dlongitud e value s representin g boundarie s o f censu s tract s i n SMSA's . Geographi c center s wer e define db y th e averag e longitud e an dlatitud e o f trac t boundaries . I n1983 , PE I provide dGC A Technology , Inc. , wit hlist s o f censu s trac t center s fo r selecte dSMSA' s fo r us e inleadai r qualit y modeling .P.1 1

SECTIO N3
POPULATIO NDATA

3. 1 BUREAUO F CENSU S DATA
PE I and EPAhav e establishe d a librar yo f 198 0 censu s dat a tha t reside s
o n a serie s o f 7 2 compute r tape s a t th e Nationa l Compute r Cente r (NCC)

. Thes e dat a includ e summar ytap e fil e 3 A(STF3A) , on e o f a serie s o f summar ydat a file s create d b

yth e Burea u o f Censu s (BOC ) fo r us e i n analyse s requirin g de

taile d information

. STF3 Acontain s summar ycompute r record s consistin g o f 12,09 6 character s (number s and codes)

. On e recor d exist s fo r eac hon e o f a hierarchyo f geographi c units , suc ha s State , county , mino r civi l divisions , places , censu s tracts , and bloc k group s o r enumeratio n districts

. Fo r example , ther e i s on e recor d fo r eac hon e o f th e approximatel y45,00 0 censu s tract s i n

g th e Unite d States
. Eac hSTF3 Arecor d contain s a serie s o f identificatio n code s and flag s plu s 15 0 table s relatin g t o variou s demographi c characteristics

. Thes e in

clud e age , sex , race , famil ystatus , type s and age s o f housing , place s o f work , commutin g tim e and distance , schoo l enrollment , disabilities , type s o f industries , type s o f employment , incom e and povert ystatus , househol d facilities , valu e o f houses , and householde r characteristics

. I n conductin g populatio n analyses , onl yselecte d table s ar e use d fo r a particula r geographi c area . 3. 2 AG E GROUP S Th e EPAwishe s t o analyz e lea d exposure s o f seve n ag e group s o f children , ag e 0 throug h6

. Th e principa l populatio n dat a fo r thi s analysi s i s fro m STF3 ATabl e 15 , Se xb yAge
. Th e ag e categorie s liste d i n Tabl e 1 5 fo r childre n unde r 7 ar e 1 ) unde r 1 year , 2 ) 1 and 2 years , 3 ) 3 and 4 years , 4 ) 5 years , and 5 ) 6 years . Eac hag e yea r i s determine d b ywhethe r a perso n ha s reache d th e birthda yindicate d whe n th e censu s i s taken

.P.1 2

Becaus e BO C ag e categorie s di dno t correspon dexactl y t o th e neede dag e groups , the y

wer e estimate dwhe nnecessary . Chil dag e grou p1 correspond s exactl y t o BO C Categor y

1 . Chil dag e grou p2 ( 1 t o 1.9 9 years ) wa s esti mate db y dividin g BO C grou p2 (ag e 1 an d2 years ) b

y 2 . T o avoi droundin g error , ag e grou p3 ( 2 t o 2.9 9 years ) wa s estimate da s BO C grou p2 minu s ag e grou p2 . Likewise , ag e grou p4 wa s estimate db y dividin g BO C Categor y 3 b y 2 ; ag e grou p5 wa s estimate da s BO C Categor y 3 minu s ag e grou p4 . Ag e group s 6 an d7 correspon dt o BO C Categorie s 4 an d5 , respectively . Othe r ag e dat a ar e use di nestimatin g number s o f pregnan t women . Th e femal e ag e group s ar e 1 5 t o 19 , 2 0 t o 34 , and3 5 t o 4 4 years . Th e BO C ag e categorie s includ e exac t subdivision s o f thes e groups ; therefore , th e BO C categorie s wer e simpl y aggregate dt o th e large r ag e groups .

3. 3 LEA DI N HOME S
PE I develope da mode l fo r estimatin g th e numbe r o f childre n6 year s an d unde r wh o liv e inLPH's . Th e mode l als o estimate s th e numbe r o f home s tha t hav e chalking , flaking , o r peelin g pain t (referre dt o a s unsoundhomes) . Bot ho f thes e model s wer e incorporate dint o th e demographi c program t o esti mat e LPH-unsound , LPH-sound , andnon-LP Hhome s ineac hcensu s tract . Pop e reviewe dliteratur e o nlead-base dpain t t o selec t estimator s o f LPH . Th e mos t reliabl e independen t variabl e wa s foundt o be th e ag e o f th e home . Tabl e 1 present s a rang e o f estimate s (fro m Pope ) o f percentage s o f home s buil t invariou s year s tha t ar e LPH's . Tabl e 10 9 i ncensu s tap e STF3 A

list s th e number s o f home s ineac hcensu s trac t tha t wer e buil t i neac hdecad e afte r 1940 . Thes e decad e dat a wer e the naggregate dint o th e same ag e categorie s o f home s show

ninTabl e 1 . Th e numbe r o f home s ineac hag e categor y time s th e fractio no f LPH' s ineac hcategor y (PEI' s bes t estimate ) yield s anestimat e o f th e numbe r o f LPH' s i neac hcensu s tract . Assumin g tha t LPH' s wer e distribute devenl y acros s al l ag e groups , th e fractio no f childre nlivin g i nLPH' s wa s assume dt o be th e same a s th e fractio n o f al l housin g unit s i nth e censu s trac t tha t ar e LPH's .P.1 3

TABL E 1 . ESTIMATE S O F PERCENTAG E O F HOME S 1

Study
EP A Criteri a Documen t OAQP S Draf t Lead Staf f Pape r Billic k an dGray Lin-F u Shie r and Hal l Arizon a Healt h Depart men t Minneapoli s Gilsinn
PEI' s Bes t Estimat e PEI' s Rang e Amoun t o f

leadi npainte d surfac e

>1. 5 mg/c m

• 2 >1. 5 mg/c m 2 >1. 5 mg/c m 2 >2. 0 mg/c m
2 >1. 0 mg/c m

2 >1. 0 mg/c m 2 >1. 0 mg/c m 

### >1 %

2 >0. 7 mg/c m
2 >0. 7 mg/c m Pre 194 0



### 7 5

77

10 0 10 0 10 0

9 9

75-10 0 194 0 t o 195 9



### 5 0 43a



### 2 6

9 0

5 0

70

26-9 0 dlT HLEAD-BASE DPAIN T

196 0 t o 197 4



### 20

2 2

2 0 12 a



### 1 5

0

2 0

0-2 2 197 5 t o 198 0



### 0

Estimat e fo r1975

.P.1 4

3. 4 SECONDAR YOCCUPATIONA L EXPOSUR E
PE I develope da metho dfo r estimatin g th e secondar y occupationa l exposur e (SOE ) o f childre n6 year s o r younger . SO E occur s whe na membe r o f a famil y work s i na productio nfacilit y involvin g lead , fo r example , a leadsmelte r o r leadbatter y

plant . Particle s o f lea dma y be embedde di nth e clothing , skin , o r hai r o f th e employe e andtransferre dt o othe r member s o f th e employee' s famil y b y persona l contact . Th e numbe r o f employee s occupationall y expose dt o leadwa s estimate da s th e numbe r o f lea dproductio nworker s a t th e poin t sourc e o f lea dbein g analyzed . Thes e dat a wer e determine db y contactin g eithe r th e company o r th e loca l chambe r o f commerc e (i f th e company di dno t provid e data) . Th e distri butio no f th e home s o f thes e worker s coul dno t be determine ddirectl y fro m censu s data , s o i t wa s estimated . Tabl e 6 6 o f Censu s tap e STF3 A list s number s o f employe dperson s b y broa dcategorie s o f industry . Durabl e good s manufactur in g (DGM ) i s anindustria l categor y tha t include s variou s primar y andsecondar y smelter s andproductio nfacilities , includin g smelter s an dlea dbatter y

pro duction . Thus , lead-expose demployee s wer e assume dt o b e geographicall y

dis tribute daroun dth e poin t sourc e i nth e same manne r a s DG M employees , a s follows :

L t = (L T )(DGM t /DGM T ) (1 )

wher e L . = Lead-expose demployee s incensu s trac t t

L T = Tota l lead-expose demployee s aroundpoin t sourc e DGM . = Employee s i ndurabl e good s manufacturin g incensu s trac t t
DGM j = Tota l employee s i ndurabl e good s manufacturing . Th e numbe r o f childre nwit hSO E may diffe r fro

m th e numbe r o f expose d employee s becaus e th e numbe r o f childre npe r employe e wil l vary . T o find th e numbe r o f SO E children , th e child/employe e rati o wa s calculate dfo r eac h
censu s tract : 6 CE . = Z C./E t (2 ) 1 y= Q t

y UP.1 5

wher e CE . = Child-employe e rati o fo r censu s trac t t

C . = Numbe r o f childre nag e y incensu s trac t t
E t = Tota l employee s i ncensu s trac t t . Thus , th e fractio no f al l childre nag e 0 t o 6 wit hSO E coul dbe estimate d
a s follows :

F t = (L t )(CE t )/C t (3 )

wher e F . = Fractio no f childre nwit hSO E i ncensu s trac t t

C t = Tota l childre nag e 0 t o 6 i ncensu s trac t t
L . = Lead-expose demployee s incensu s trac t t
CE . = Child-employe e rati o fo r censu s trac t t . Assumin g al l ag e group s andhousin g group s o f childre nhadth e same proba bilit y o f SOE , eac hgrou pwa s multiplie db y th e same fractio n(F t ) t o estimat e th e numbe r o f childre nineac hgroupwit ha highprobabilit y o f havin g SOE . At th e poin t source s unde r study , onl y a few childre nreceive dSOE . Whe n thes e wer e distribute dove r a larg e numbe r o f censu s tract s (e.g. , 100) , seve nag e groups , andthre e housin g categories , onl y a smal l fractio n(<<0.5 )
o f a chil dwa s estimate dfo r mos t demographi c subgroups . Rounde doff , i t wa s usuall y zero . Thus , i t wa s necessar y t o adjus t th e distribution s o f SO E childre naroundth e poin t sourc e b y multiplyin g th e numbe r o f childre nineac h SO E subgrou pb

y anempiricall y

determine dadjustmen t fraction . Th e subgrou p population s wer e repeatedl y adjuste dunti l th e tota l o f rounde dnumber s o f al l childre ni nSO E subgroup s wa s exactl y equa l t o th e estimate dnumbe r o f SO E childre naroundth e poin t source .

3. 5 PREGNAN T WOME N Th e numbe r o f pregnan t wome nina censu s trac t may be estimate db

y 1 ) th e specifi c rac e andag e distributio no f th e censu s tract , and2 ) nationa l rac e andage-specifi c birt hrate s andfeta l deat hrates . Pregnanc y ma y lea dt o eithe r a liv e birt ho r a feta l death , thu s bot hrate s ar e required . Method o olog y fo r thes e estimate s wa s develope db y PE I in1983 .P.1 6

A ke y sourc e o f statistic s abou t birt hrate s i s Vita l Statistic s o f the 9 1 0 U.S. , produce d b

yth e Nationa l Cente r fo r Healt hStatistics

. ' Dat a ar e accumulate d fro m

birt hcertificate s fro mever yStat e i n th e Nation

. A s a resul t o f birt hregistratio n law s tha t hav e bee n i n effec t sinc e 1915 , dat a
o n birth s ar e bette r tha n 9 0 percen t complet e i n al l State s an d averag e 99. 6 percen t complete

. Complet e natalit ystatistic s wer e availabl e fo r th e yea r 1978 , however , a n advanc e repor t fo r 198 0 provide d sufficien t dat a neede d fo r estimatin g cohor t populations

. Fo r example , birt hrate s ca n b e obtaine d b yrac e o f chil d an d b yag e o f mother , a s shown i n Tabl e 2

. Not e tha t birth

. rate s ar e substantiall yhighe r fo r black s tha n fo r nonblack s i n al l ag e categories

.

TABL E 2

. BIRTH RATE S B Y Ag e grou p 15-1 9

20-3 4

35-4 4 Rac e

Blac k Nonblac k
Blac k Nonblac k

B l ac k Nonblac k AG E GROUP O F MOTHE R AN D B Y RAC E O F CHILD , 198 1
Numbe r o f wome n 1,503,53 0 " 8,914,60 2 3,699,63 0 29,360,93 5 1,489,19 6 11,542,07 5 Numbe r o f

live birth s 150,35 3 401180 8 409,64 5 2,475,20 0 23,62 1 140,26 2 Birt h rate a
100. 0 45. 1
110. 7 84. 3
15. 9 12. 2
Numbe r o f birth s pe r 100 0 wome n i n rac e an d ag e group .
Anothe r ke ysourc e o f dat a i s feta l deat hcertificates , a standar d for m use d sinc e 197 8 t o recor d anykind o f pregnanc ytermination

. Feta l death s
ar e consistentl yreporte d fro m al l State s fo r interrupte d pregnancie s wit ha gestatio n perio d greate r tha n 2 0 week s i n length

. Statistic s o n feta l deat h ratio s ca n b e obtaine d b yspecifi c ag e an d rac e groups , a s shown i n Tabl e 3

. Feta l deat hratio s (base d o n reporte d feta l deaths) , var ysignificantl yfo r differen t races . Fo r example , i n 197 8 th e feta l deat hrati o wa s 8. 5 pe r 100 0 liv e birth s fo r "white " babie s an d 14. 7 pe r 100 0 fo r "al l others. " Thes e feta l deat hratio s ca n b e use d t o estimat e th e numbe r o f pregnancie s tha t resul t i n feta l death

.P.1 7

TABL E 3

.
Ag e grou p 15-1 9

20-3 4

3 5 u p FETA L DEAT H RATIO S BY AG E GROU P O F MOTHE R AN D RAC E O F CHILD , 197 8

Rac e Whit e Al l other s Whit e Al l other s Whit e Al l other s Totals : Numbe r o f liv e birth s 227,15 8 105,41 7 1,290,60 4 269,93 3 67,56 7 17,12 3 1,977,80 2 Numbe r o f

feta l death s 2,15 8 1,51 8 9,95 1 3,80 2 1,05 7 

### 53 3 19,01 9 Feta l

death

. rati o 

### 9. 5 14. 4 

### 7. 7 14. 1 15. 6 31. 1 

### 9. 6
Numbe r o f reporte d feta l deaths , gestatio n 2 0 week s plus

. Feta l deat hrati o i s numbe r o f feta l death s pe r 100 0 liv e birth s i n specifi c group .

Dat a o n feta l death s ar e fairl yaccurat e fo r thos e feta l death s attende d b ya physicia n wher e reportin g i s require d b ylaw ; however , law s o n register

ing feta l death s var yfro mStat e t o State
. Onl ysi xState s requir e th e report

ing o f feta l death s occurrin g i n th e firs t 1 6 week s o f pregnancy ; mos t State s d o no t requir e reportin g i n th e firs t 2 0 weeks

. Thi s practic e o f nonreport

ing eliminate s mos t abortion s fro m feta l deat hstatistic s and ma ysubstantiall y alte r th e accurac yo f th e data

. An estimat e o f th e numbe r o f identifiabl e feta l death s i n earl ypregnanc y
ma yb e gleane d fro mthos e State s tha t requir e reportin g o f al l feta l deaths

. Tabl e 4 shows , b

ymother' s age , th e numbe r o f feta l death s occurrin g unde r 2 0 weeks ' gestatio n and th e numbe r occurrin g afte r a gestatio n perio d o f 2 0 week s
o r more . Dat a represen t fiv e State s tha t requir e feta l deat hreportin g fo r al l gestatio n periods

. An underreportin g adjustmen t facto r wa s calculate d fo r eac hag e group b

yusin g th e rati o o f tota l death s t o death s afte r 2 0 weeks , o r mor e gestation

. I f al l area s o f th e Unite d State s experienc e th e sam e rati o o f death s abov e and belo w2 0 weeks , thes e underreportin g factor s ma y b e use d t o adjus t upwar d th e actua l numbe r o f feta l death s wher e a feta l deat hrati o i s base d o n death s reporte d afte r 2 0 weeks ' o r mor e gestatio n periods , suc ha s th e ratio s i n Tabl e 3

. 

### 10P.1 8

TABL E 4

. NUMBE R O F FETA L DEATH S BY SPECIFIE D PERIOD S O F GESTATIO N 

### FO R

Ag e o f mother , y r Unde r 1 5 1 5 t o 1 9 2 0 t o 2 4 2 5 t o 2 9 3 0 t o 3 4 3 5 t o 3 9 4 0 t o 4 4 4 5 t o 4 9 Totals : STATE S REQUIRINGREPORTIN GO F AL L FETA L DEATHS , 1978 °

Gestatio n perio d 2 0 week s and ove r 

### 2 8 

### 79 7 1,56 0 1,51 0 

### 86 0 37 6 10 9 

### 8 5,24 8 Unde r 2 0

week s 

### 7 7 2,25 4 4,96 5 5,23 7 3,21 7 1,33 2 

### 41 6 5 5 17,55 3 No t

state d 

### 9 22 5 53 2 47 4 27 5 118 3 6 

### 7 1,67 6 Total s



### 114 3,27 6 7,05 7 7,22 1 4,35 2 1,82 6 

### 56 1 7 0 24,47 7 Unde r

reportin g adjustmen t factor b
4.07 1 4.11 0 4.52 4 4.78 2 5.06 0 4.85 6 5.14 7 8.75 0 4.66 4 Reportin g State s includ e Arkansas , Colorado , Georgia,.Ne wYork , Rhod e Island , and Virginia

. Arkansa s no t include d i n dat a fo r technica l reason s (Referenc e 10)

. Underreportin g adjustmen t facto r i s th e rati o o f tota l death s t o death s reporte d fo r gestatio n period s ove r 2 0 weeks

.
Fertilit yo f wome n varie s greatl ywit hage . Th e 198 0 dat a show s th e greates t fertilit yamon g wome n occur s a t ag e 2 0 t o 29 , bu t teenag e (ag e 1 5 t o 19 ) fertilit ywa s als o significantl yhigh , comparabl e t o tha t o f th e 3 0 t o 3 4 ag e group . Fertilit yo f wome n ag e 3 5 t o 3 9 wa s lower , and fertilit y o f women.ag e 4 0 t o 4 4 wa s ver ylow

. Thus , age-specifi c birt hrate s ar e used ' i n estimatin g number s o f pregnan t women . Th e followin g procedur e wa s use d t o estimat e th e populatio n o f pregnan t
wome n i n eac hcensu s tract : 1

. Th e SAS D librar yo f 198 0 demographi c dat a wa s use d t o find th e numbe r o f wome n i n eac ho f thre e ag e groups . Ag e group s wer e furthe r subdivide d b

yrac e (blac k and nonblack)

. 2

. Th e expecte d numbe r o f liv e birth s wa s calculate d fo r eac hgroup o f wome n b yusin g ag e and race-specifi c liv e birt hrate s fro m Tabl e 2

.

E ar t = ( W art>( F ar>( 100 ° ) 

### (4 )

1 1P.1 9

wher e E
. = Expecte d live birth s fo r a.specifi c ag e (a) , rac e

"ar t (r) , an

d i n censu s trac t (t )
W
. = Numbe r o f wome n in ag e grou p (a ) an

d rac e (r ) in censu s trac t (t )
F = Birt hrat e pe r 100 0 wome n in ag e grou p (a ) an

d rac e a r (r ) fro

m Tabl e 2

. 3

. The tota l numbe r o f birth s (B t ) in the censu s trac t in 198 0 wa s determine d b

yth e numbe r o f childre n ag e 0 t o 1

. 4

. Th e expecte d liv e birth s b ymother' s ag e an

d child' s rac e wer e adjuste d u

p o r dow

n s o tha t tota l birth s fro mcensu s dat a (B. ) wa s equa l t o tota l o f birth s fo r al l race s an d ages .

(B t- EE art > B ar t " t E art ] \ r [ < 5 >
5

. Th e numbe r o f feta l death s wa s estimate d b yusin g a n age - an

d race specifi c feta l deat hrati o fro m Tabl e 3 an

d th e underreporting adjustmen t facto r fromTabl e 4 a s follows :

D _( B artH R arH U a > D ar t IOOO (6 )

wher e D av . = Feta l death s fo r ag e grou p (a ) an

d rac e (r ) in 

### ar t censu s trac t (t )
B
. = Live birth s fromEquatio n 5
R = Feta l deat hrati o pe r 100 0 live birth s fo r ag e grou p (a ) an

d rac e (r )
U , = Underreporting adjustmen t facto r fo r ag e grou p (a) , a The numbe r o f pregnancie s in 1 yea r ( = numbe r o f fetuses ) fo r eac h race , age , an

d povert yleve l wa s estimate d b yadding the estimate d numbe r o f feta l death s t o estimate d live births

.

P ar t " B ar t + D ar t (7 ) wher e P = Pregnancie s fo r mother' s ag e grou p (a ) an

d child' s 

### a r rac e (r ) i n censu s trac t (t) ,



### 12P.2 0

3. 6 POPULATION

PROJECTION S Estimate ddemographi c grouppopulation s arounda poin t sourc e wer e base d
on198 0 censu s data . Contro l strategie s fo r lead , however , ma y no t become effectiv e unti l futur e year s (e.g. , 199 0 o r 1995) . Ove r thi s time perio dth e populatio nmay

change , especiall y

inrapidl y

growin g urba nareas . Estimate s o f populatio no f childre ninfutur e year s wer e base don198 0 projection s b

y th e U.S . Burea uo f Economi c Analysi s (BEA ) previousl y calle d "OBERS " projections . Th e BE A projection s ar e base don1 ) projection s o f futur e employmen t fo r person s inth e labo r poo l and2 ) projection s o f popu latio nfactor s estimate db y th e BOC . Th e BE

A studie dhistorica l trend s o f a State' s shar e o f basi c industrie s whos e product s ar e exporte do r exportable . Fo r servic e industries , trend s o f servic e industr y locatio nquotient s wer e studied . Fo r populatio nprojection s a t th e nationa l level , BE A relie do

nth e BO C projection s o f thre e factors : 1 ) Amoun t o f futur e ne t immigratio nb y age , sex , an

drac e 2 ) Age- , sex- , an

drace-specifi c mortalit y rate s 3 ) Age - an

drace-specifi c fertilit y rates . PE I use doveral l result s o f SMSA-specifi c populatio nprojection s b y BE A
a s show ninTabl e 5 . Th e selecte dprojection s assume n o chang e ineac h industry' s shar e o f th e State' s employment . Growt ho r declin e depend s onan SMS A havin g a greate r o r lesse r portio no f th e State' s fast-growin g industries . A projectio nfractio nwa s develope dfo r eac hprojectio nyear , define da s th e rati o o f th e projected-yea r populatio nt o th e base-yea r population . Not e tha t th e bas e yea r 197 8 i s differen t fro m bas e yea r 197 9 use db y th e BOC . Future yea r populatio no f a particula r demographi c subgrouparounda poin t sourc e wa s estimate db

y multiplyin g th e base-yea r populatio no f th e subgrou pb y th e correspondin g SMSA-projectio nfraction . Th e procedur e develope dfo r thi s program wa s simpl e t o implement . A somewha t mor e resource-intensiv e approach , however , coul dtak e int o accoun t th e characteristic s o f ne t migration , age , an drac e inth e censu s tract s aroundth e poin t source . Thes e dat a coul dbe use dt o adjus t th e city-wid e BE A projection s t o produc e projection s tha t ar e mor e specifi c t o th e are a aroundth e poin t source .

1 3P.2 1
I ' " 1

TABL E 5

. BE APOPULATIO NPROJECTION S AN D CORRESPONDINGPROJECTIO NFRACTION S

SMS A Dallas-Ft

. Wort h
Chicag o
Tampa-St
. Petersbur g Projectio n yea r Bas e 197 8 2,719,85 3

7,029,60 2

1,396,26 1 199 0

3,457,73 0 (1.271 ) 7,428,39 5 (1.057 ) 1,820,69 2 (1.304 ) 200 0

3,986,19 9 (1.466 ) 7,736,54 2 (1.101 ) 2,084,09 3 (1.493 )

1 4P.2 2

SECTION 4
OUTPUT S FRO

M TH E DEMOGRAPHI C PROGRA M

PE I ha s develope da compute r program (MATCH-AQ ) whic hperform s th e popu latio ncalculation s describe di nSectio n3 . Executio no f MATCH-AQ require s th e followin g inputs : 1 ) A nai r qualit y

fil e containin g monthl y leadconcentration s b y censu s trac t 2 ) A dat a fil e onpregnanc y rate s b

y ag e an dsex 3 ) A tap e fil e o f STF3 A

censu s dat a fo r al l State s i nth e chose nSMS A 4 ) User-specifie ddat a t o be introduce dinth e runstream . Ai r qualit y

dat a mus t be i nth e forma t show ninFigur e 1 . Eac hlin e (record ) contain s a 2-digi t Stat e code , a 3-digi t count y code , an

da 7-digi t
censu s trac t code . Federa l Informatio nProcessin g Standard s (FIPS ) code s ar e used , consisten t wit hBO C dat a files . Location s o f center s o f censu s tract s ar e give ninlatitud e an dlongitude . [Progra m convert s t o Universa l Transvers e Mercato r (UTM ) coordinates. ] Eac ho f th e las t 1 2 column s represent s averag e leadconcentration s innanograms/cubi c mete r fo r on e o f 1 2 months . Pregnanc y

dat a (fil e SASD*PREG-DATA ) use di nth e program ar e printe din anoutpu t tabl e fo r purpose s o f documentation , a s show ninFigur e 2 . User-specifie ddat a ar e als o documente dinth e output , a s show ninFigur e 3 . Thes e dat a includ e name o f stud y are a city , poin t sourc e name , SMS A FIP S code , andth e numbe r o f censu s tract s (whic hshoul dcorrespon dt o th e numbe r o f line s i

nth e ai r qualit y

dat a file) . Th e locatio no f th e plan t stack(s ) i s expresse dinUTM

XandYcoordinate s an dUTM zone . Th e estimate dnumbe r o f person s employe dinleadproductio ni s provided , a s wel l a s the projectio n yea r an dprojectio nfraction . I f th e desire dyea r i s 198 0 (base) , th e projec tio nfractio ni s 1.00 . Th e BO C Regio ncod e i s give nalon g wit hfou r fraction s indicatin g th e fractio no f house s i neac ho f th e fou r BO C region s tha t ar e unsound .

1 5 'Al R aUALlI fESTIMATE S 4 7 03 7 4 7 C3 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 4 7 03 7 0119.0 0

0123.3 0 0121.0 0 0122.0 0 0123.3 0 0124.0 0 012S.0 0 0141.0 0 0145.3 3 0146.0 0 C147.0 O 0148.0 0 0149.0 0 0158.3 0 0159.3 0 0160.0 0 0161.3 0 0162.0 0 0163.0 0 0164.0 0 0165.3 0 0 1 6-3
. CO 0169.0 0 0173.3 0 C l 71.0 0 C l 72.3 0 0173.0 0 0 1 74.0 0 EO R CENSU S TRACTS : 4003.606 0 4003.219 2 4003.755 5 4002.790 9 4 002.298 7 4002.496 8 4002.661 6 4002.524 1 4000.704 7 4001.671 7 4001.186 3 40C0.567 1 4000.616 5 3998.194 5 3998.907 8 3999.856 2 3998.790 3 3999.020 5 3999.440 3 3999.051 1 4000.323 9 3998.715 7 3997.618 9 3998.055 1 3997.290 7 3997.051 3 3996.643 7 3995.617 3 521.618 4

522.168 0 523.659 4 523.824 0 522.215 3 521.567 3 520.946 3 519.040 0 518.855 0 519.761 4 52C.913 9 521.707 0 523.640 9 526.113 0 523.438 7 521.249 9 52-T.82C 6 519.623 4 518.875 7 518.408 6 517.065 5 517.066 7 517.727 8 519.364 6 519.834 3 521.787 6 522.877 7 524.752 6 4 1 1 9 8 7 2 2 4 5 2 4 5 4 7 2 3 2 9 t 2 9 3 7 2 1 7 T 5 2 2 1 t ( ? 1 7 1 6 L 1 2

4 9

4 9 1 3

1 1

0 0 0 1 1 6 2 1 4 V

3 i 2
21 2 1 !

H 4 " 1 I 1 7 1 5 1 I 9 1 7 1 5 1 i 1 5 1 3 I 0
» 0 I 1 ; 3 ! 1 6 J 9

. 2

, 1 1 1 6 1 3 ' I 1 > 1 ! 0

0 0 0 ! 0 I
. 1 I 1 0 r2 1

4 5 9

9 8

8 5 4 9

7 2

1 6

4 9 1 8 i 3
.

il

5 1 3 1

3

1 (

M I J 1 4 8

. 10 8 1 8 I 7 10 0 3 9 > 5 1 1

0 ! 1 > 5 ! 6 1 ) 8
.

2

. 1 0

. 1 1 r4
» 1 c r 0 r 0 > 1
» i

4 C l 2 3

4 •t 2

6 2 9 8 t o 8 6 2 7

2 5 h

1 1 4 5 ( 2

4 7 7 1 4 2

6 0 1 4 1 2 6 1 4 C 1 7 3 3 5 1 6 4 C 1 4 4 1 7 2 6 1 4 5 1 3 2 ? 2 4 • s 2 3 3< " 7 6 3

2 7 5 5 2 6 6 6 3 7 6 7 1 2 3 6 5 5 5 1 7 5 5 3 2 1 1 t 6 4 4 5 U 1 3 3 1 l i i. 1 3

1 3 2 2
2 6 2 0 1 2

1 0 4 6 1 1 2

6 6 2 3 2 0 7 4 3 2 i

. 0 1 2 2 2 3 6 2 7 3 2 1 1 k 6 c

4 9 1 1

Figur e 1 . Sampl e o f ai r qualit y dat a use db

y program MATCH-AO .PREGNANCYDAT A FROM NATIONA L FIL E

WOME N AG E GROU P UNDER REPORTIN G FACTOR(A ) FETA L BIRT H DEAT H RAC E PA7E(B ) RATIO(C )

1 5 - 1 9 4.11 0 2 0 - 2 4 4.52 4
2 5 - 2 9 4.78 2
3 0 - 3 4 5.C6 0
3 5 - 4 4 4.92 2 BLAC K NON-BLAC K BLAC K NON-BLAC K BLAC K NON-BLAC K BLAC K NO N "BLAC K BLAC K NON-BLAC K 100.0 0 45.1 0 146.3 0 109.5 0 1Q9«1 0 112.4 0 62.9 0 6Q.A O 15.9 0 12.2 0 14.4 0

9.5 0 13.2 0 7.5 P 13.9 0 7.4 0 1 7.5 0 8.9 P 31.1 0 15.6 0

NOTES : (A ) APPLIE S T

O FETA L DEAT H R/|TIO

. (3 ) RAT E PE R 1,00 0 FEMALE S I N GROUP
. (C ) PAT E PE R 1,00 0 LIV E BIPTHS

.

Figur e 2 . Pregnanc y

dat a use dinprogram MATCH-AQ .INPU TDAI A FO R PROGRA M MATCH-AQ 4

o o STUD YAREA='DALLAS , T X' ; SOURCE_NAME='GOUL D INC

. ' ; SMS A C0DE=*=1?2' ; N_TRACT S = 6 ; SOURC E X = 7.0246799E-»002 ; S0URCE~ Y= 3.66e7129E*003 ; ZONE = 14 ; EMPL_PB_PROD = 1 .270 0 G0G E + 002 ; PR0J_YRT0) = 198 0 PROJ~FRACT = 1.0000000 E + 000 ; B0C_REG10N = 3 - F RACT_UNS0UHD<1) = 6.GQOOOOCE-00 2 fRACT~UNS0UND(3) = 3.600000GE"00 2 PP0J_YR(1) = 198C ;
FRACT.UNSOUND(2) = 3.8999999E-C02 ; FRACT.UNSOUN D (4) = 3
. 8 OOOOOOE-00 2 ;

Figur e 3

. User-specifie d input s fo rprogra m MATCH

- 

### AQ
.P.2 6

Output s fro

m th e program

includ e on e tabl e o f geographi c dat a fo r censu s tracts , on e tabl e o f ai r qualit y data , anda serie s o f eigh t table s o f demo graphi c dat a (one fo r pregnan t wome nan don e fo r eac hchildren' s ag e group) . Figur e 4 i s anexampl e showin g th e tabl e o f geographi c dat a fo r th e censu s tract s arounda particula r poin t source . State , county , an dcensu s trac t code s follo w

th e censu s trac t sequenc e number . Th e sequenc e numbe r ma y be use da s a cros s referenc e betwee nth e geographi c table , th e ai r qualit y table , an deac ho f th e demographi c tables . Th e distanc e fro m th e censu s trac t cente r t o th e poin t sourc e (i nmeters ) i s liste dnext . Th e las t thre e column s show th e UTM Xan dYcoordinate s an

dzon e fo r th e censu s trac t center . Figur e 5 show s ai r qualit y dat a b y censu s trac t sequenc e number , censu s trac t code , an

d1 2 monthl y

average s i nnanograms/cubi c meter . Als o show nar e quarterl y

average s inth e same units , wher e eac hquarte r consist s o f thre e calenda r months . Figur e 6 show s a sampl e outpu t tabl e fo r on e children' s age-grou pfo r censu s tract s arounda poin t source . Censu s trac t sequenc e number , Stat e code , count y

code , andcensu s trac t cod e ar e listed , followe db y population s
o f si xdemographi c subgroup s withi nth e ag e category . Fo r example , th e firs t colum nshow s number s o f childre n< 1 yea r livin g i nunsoundLPH' s wh o ar e esti mate dt o hav e a highprobabilit y o f secondar y

occupationa l exposure . Th e las t colum nshow s th e tota l o f al l childre n< 1 yea r inth e censu s tract s (th e su m al l si xsubgroups) . Th e same tabl e i s produce dfo r pregnan t wome nan dchildre n 1 t o 1.99 , 2 t o 2.99 , 3 t o 3.99 , 4 t o 4.99 , 5 t o 5.99 , an d6 t o 6.9 9 year s o f age . Dat a fro

m th e demographi c an

dai r qualit y

table s ar e als o place di nan outpu t file . Thi s fil e ma y be use da s inpu t t o othe r programs , e.g. , th e 3 lead-uptak e mode l describe dina separat e report . Figur e 7 show s sample s o f outpu t fil e record s fo r two censu s tracts . O nth e firs t line , th e censu s trac t cod e i s followe db y th e populatio no f pregnan t wome ni neac ho f th e si x demographi c subgroup s show ni nFigur e 6 . Th e secondlin e (o r record ) contain s th e si xdemographi c subgrou ppopulation s fo r childre n< 1 yea r o f age . Dat a fo r eac hsucceedin g ag e groupfollow s oneac hsucceedin g lin e u pt o ag e group 6 t o 6.9 9 years . Th e nint hlin e list s monthl y averag e leadconcentration s i n nanograms/cubi c meter . Th e same patter ni s repeate dfo r th e secondcensu s tract . Mor e informatio nconcernin g program MATCH-AQ ma y

be foundi

nth e sourc e cod e listin g (Appendi xA) . 1 9o CENSU S TRACT S AROUN D POIN TSOURC E GOUL D INC

.

Meter s UT M Coordinate s Trac t Flp S FIP S Censu s t o Seq

. Stat e Count yTrac t Sourc e XYZon e 1 4 8 08 5 0304.0 0 199 3 704.425 9 3669.086 6 1 4 2 4 8 08 5 0305.0 0 804 4 71o.O?1 5 3671.479 7 1 4 3 4 8 C8 5 0316.0 4 1214 0 709.949 9 3659.152 3 1 4 4 4 8 08 5 0316.0 6 1002 5 710.226 6 3662.364 4 1 4 5 4 8 G8 5 0316.0 7 1047 0 706.652 4 3659.115 4 1 4 6 4 8 12 1 0215.0 3 882 4 694
. 1PQ 4 3665.682 8 1 4

Figur e 4 . Sampl e o f geographi c dat a tabl e fo r censu s tract s arounda poin t source .r o CENSU S TRACTLEA D CONCENTRATION S

1 rac t Seq

. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Censu s

Trac t 03C4.o p 0 3 05
. 0 0 0316.0 4 0316.0 6 0316.0 7 0215.0 3 1

3 5 7 8 6 8 3 2 1 8 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 9 1 2 3

1 6 5 4 3 8 6 Konthl y 4 8 3 6 2 6 3 Averages(Nanog raas/cu. a 5 3 2 0 5 1 4 6 8 3 1 5 4

' 8 7

1 0 1 1 1 1 3 8 2 1 4 0 1 2 8 . ) 9 8

2 1 1 2 9 1 0 2 V 1 8 8 9 1 3 1 1 1 1 5 5

1 2 1 2 4 8 1 0 9 5 8 2 Cuarterl yAverage s

1 2 3 4 2 3 6 1 3 4 4 7 3 2 1 2 7 2 1 8 6 4 1 7 1 2 4 2 1 1 7 5 7 6

Figur e 5 . Sampl e o f ai r qualit y dat a tabl e fo r censu s tract s arounda poin t source .ESTIMATE D 198 0 CENSU S TRAC TPOPULATION S O F CHILDRE N < 1 YEA *

Trac t Seq

. 1 2 3 4 5 6 FIP S

Stat e 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 FIP S

Cou n t y 08 5 08 5 08 5 C8 5 0 8 5 12 1 Censu s

Trac t C304.L 0 0305.0 0 0316.0 4 0316.0 6 0316.0 7 0215.0 3 LPH/U n
SO E Hig h 0 G G C 0 0 sou n d SO E Lo w 1 0
. 0 0 0 1 LPH/ S

S 0 E Hig h

- u 0 0 0 0 0 oun d SC E Lo w 3 5 1 1 2 0 3 1 5 Non SO E Hig h C 1 5 0 0 1 -LP H SO E Lo u 6 7 2 1 17 8 6 4 7 37 9 Tota l

10 3 3 3 18 5 6

• ' 5 C 39 6

LP H = livin g i n lead-base- j painte d home
. Unsoun d LPH s estimate d b yregiona l factor s provide d h yPE I Associates , Inc
. SOE-Hi/lo windicate s probabilit yo fsecondar yoccupationa l exposure .

Figur e 6
. Sampl e o fdemographi c dat a tabl e fo ron e ag e group .r-o CO a ED, R

READ-ONL Y E D 16R1 C EDI T 0304.00 , 0304.00 , 0304.00 , 0304.00 , 0304.00 , 0304.00 , 0304.00 , 0304.00 , 3 5 , 0305.00 , 0305.00
. 0305.00
. 0305.00 , 0305.00 , 0305.00 , 0305.00 , 0305.00 , 7 , GOULD MODE -8C

. THU-39/26/85-16 : 0 , 0 , 0 , 3
. 3 , 0 , 0 , D
. 16
. 0 , 0
. 0 , 0
. 0 , 0 , 0
. • j , 1u , 1 6 , 0 ,

0 , 0 , 

### o , 0
. 0 , 

### c , o , 5 ,

Fig u 53 :

8 ,

3 ,

r e :28-<C. )
0 , 0
. 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 3
. 0 , 0 , 0 , 

### o , 0
. 0 , 0 , 0 , 2 ,

7

. Sampl e 2 0
.

3 5
. 1 9
. 1 9 , 2 9 , 2 9 , 1 9
. 3 0 , &
. 6 , 1 1
. 1 0
. 1 0 , 2 , 2« 6 , 4 , 3 ,

o foutpu t 0 ,

0
. 0 , 0
. 0 , o , 0 , o . 1 0
. 0 , I t 0
. 

### o , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0
. 1
.



### fil e 3 7

6 7 3 6 3 6 5 5 5 5 3 6 5 8 2 1
. 1 0 2 1 1 7 1 7 4 4 1 2 7 4
.

records

. R
.

2
. 2 9 ,

1 8 , 5 5 ,

9
. '

4 S

_ i /

U

T J C O oP.3 1

REFERENCE S

1 . Pope , A . Developmen t o f Activit y Pattern s fo r Populatio nExposur e t o Ozone . Memorandum

from PE I Associates , Inc. , t o Mr . To m McCurdy , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Researc hTriangl e Park , Nort hCarolina . Jun e 1985 . 2 . U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency . Review o f th e Nationa l Ambien t Ai r Qualit y

Standard s fo r Lead : Assessmen t o f Scientifi c an dTechnica l Information . OAQP S Draf t Staf f Paper . Researc hTriangl e Park , Nort h Carolina , Apri l 1985 . 3 . Johnson , T . LeadUptak e Model . Memorandu m fro m PE I Associates , Inc. , t o Mr . Jef f Cohen,

_U.S.^Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Researc hTri angl e Park , Nort hCarolina . Augus t 1985 . 4 . Burea uo f th e Census . Censu s o f Populatio nan dHousing , 1980 : Geographi c Identificatio nCod e Scheme , PHC80-R5 . April . 1983 . 5 . Geographi c Dat a Technology , Inc . 1980 . Censu s Trac t Are a Calculatio n Fil e - Technica l Description . Septembe r 1982 . 6 . Burea uo f th e Census . Censu s o f Populatio nan dHousing , 1980 : Summary Tap e Fil e 3 Technica l Documentation . Prepare db y Dat a Use r Service s Division , Washington , D . C. , 1981 . 7 . Pope , A . Exposur e o f Childre nt o Lead-Base dPaints . .(Draft ) Prepare d b y PE I Associates , Inc. , fo r U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y unde r Contrac t No . 68-02-4309 , Wor kAssignmen t No . 9 (Draft) . Researc hTri angl e Park , Nort hCarolina . Septembe r 1985 . 8 . Paul , R . Pregnan t Wome nan dFetuses . Memorandu m fro m PE I Associates , Inc. , t o Mr . To

m McCurdy , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Researc h Triangl e Park , Nort hCarolina . Augus t 1983 . 9 . Nationa l Cente r fo r Healt hStatistics . Vita l Statistic s o f th e U.S. , Vol . I , Natality . DHH S Pub . No . (PHS ) 82-1100 . Publi c Healt hService , Washington , D.C . 1982 . 10 . Nationa l Cente r fo r Healt hStatistics . Vita l Statistic s o f th e U.S. , Vol . II , Mortality . DHH S Pub . No . (PHS ) 83-1101 . Publi c Healt hSer vice , Washington , D.C . 1982 . 11 . Nationa l Cente r fo r Healt hStatistics . Advanc e Repor t o f Fina l Natalit y Statistics , 1980 . Monthl y Vita l Statistic s Report , Vol . 31 , No . 8 , Supplement . DHH S Pub . No . (PHS ) 83-1120 . Publi c Healt hService , Hyattsville , Maryland . Novembe r 30 , 1982 .



### 2 4P.3 2



### APPENDI XA SOURC E COD E FO

RDEMOGRAPHI C PROGRA

M

2 5P.3 3

8 £0, 8 READ-ONL Y EO 16R1 C EDI T 1

2 3 4 s 6 7 a 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 I S 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 3 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 S 3 S A SD'PR.KATCH-AOA/P B MOD E M E 0-09/25/ 8 5-16 : 4 9 :46- ( 46 , ) MATCH_AQ4 : PROCEDUR E OPTIONS(MAIN) ; Thi s progra m aatche s populatio n oat a wit h a se t o dat a Input s fro a ISC-LT

. Populatio n dat a i s fo r o fchildre n an d estiaate d number' s o fpregnan t wo a ar e subdivide d int o 3 group s o fhousin g an d byw h i s a hig h probabilit yo fsecondar yoccupationa l e Nin e outpu t table s provid e geographi c dat a o n aroun d a give n poin t source , aonthl yA Q dat a o n t an d a serie s o fpopulatio n tables , on e fo reac h a OC L (STUDY_AREA , S0URCEJIAM E ) CHAR(15 ) STATIC , fP b ai rqu a tit y selecte d group s e n . Population s ethe ro rno t ther e xposure . censu s tract s h e saa e tracts , g e group . *» /

/ • S0URCE_STATE<3 )

SMSA_C00 E S0URCE. X S0UBCE_ T EMPL_P8_PR0 0 fractio n durabl e PR0J.FRAC T PROJ~YR<0:1 > FRACT_UNSCUN0<4 ) / * 1*Northeast , 3 0 C REGIO N N TRACTS / * / * UT N h UT M v oriz
. coordinat e */

_ ert
. coordinat e » / FIXE D STATIC , CHARU ) STATIC , FLOA TSTATIC , FLOA TSTATIC , FLOA TSTATIC , good s »fg
. worker s i n pb-relate d production
. * / FLOA TSTATIC , FIXE D STATIC , FLOA TSTATI C INIT(.06 , . 0 2*H1dvest , 3'South , 4=wes t FIXE D STATIC , / * Se eB. O FIXE D STATIC ; / * ?=1983 , 1=orojeetio n y r* / I39 , .033 , .078) , * / i.C

. Suid e •» /
/ * Inpu t OC L ( dat a fo rpregnan t woaen : • /

BIRTH_RATE<5,2) , FET A L.DJ J AT I 0 <5 , 2 ) , /* » UN0ER_RPT_FACT0R(5) , EXP_BIRTHS(5,2 ) ) FLO A PRE6DATA RACE_NA*E<2 ) 'BLACK* , 'NON-BLACK ' AG E GR P NAME<5 ) '15~ - 19' , *2 0 - 24 ' SNGLS2<52 ) *2 5 INPU TFILE , CHASdO ) INI T CHARdO ) INI T

•29*
. '3 0 - 34' , CHARM ) INI T<< 5 B yage , rac e • / TSTATIC ,

' 3 5 - 4 4 ' ) , 2)('-') ) ; / * Input s fro a aonthl yA Q file : • / OC L (X0 , TO , LAT , LON G ) MO.AQM2 ) TRACTDAT

A H0NTHLYA Q (EO F , HC

0 DON E ) FLOAT , FLOAT , OUTPU TFILE , INPU TFILE , 8IT11 ) STATI C INIT C '3) ;
a .0
. C

. t ap e s : Input s fro a OC L STF3 A FIL E VARIABLE , I TAPE1 , TAPE2 , TAPE 3 ) FIL E INPU TEN V (ANSI , FB , RECSIZEM2096) , BLK S I I E ( 1 2096 ) ) , /*• >
/ • B0C_RACE(3 )

Subscrip t 1 » LA8R.FRC E <8 ) B0C_W0HEN(11 ) Subsrcip t 1 = 7 = 2 1 yrs , 8 BOCCHIL D <5 ) FLOA T total , 2 *•

* white , FLOA T FLOA T 1 5 yrs , 2 = 16 , 3

= 22-24 , 9 » 2 5 STATIC , 3 = blac k STATIC , STATIC , = 17 , 4 = 13 , 2 9 , 1 0 = 30-3 4

•/

5 = 19
. 6 = 20 ,
, 1 1 = 35-4 4 * / FLOA TSTATIC ,

2 6P.3 4

5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 0 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 7 0 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 9 3 0 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 a a 8 9 9 0 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 11 0 / * Subscrip t 1 = unoe r1 year , 2 •1 8 2 years , 3=384 ,

4 * 5 years , 5= 6 year s < HS_UNITS<7) , * / •0MEM5.2 ) C.TRAC T RCD.LEVEL , COUNT Y BTRAC T S.FLA6 1 T R / * Tabl e 10 9 - Tota l * / FLOA TSTATIC , CHAR<7) , STATE , SUFFIX ) CHAR(2) , CHAR13) , CHARU) , CHARd) , / * Dat a suppressio n fla g * / FIXE D STATIC ; OC L TRACT<130 )

2 TSTAT E T.CNT Y T~C0D E H.TO.SR C Tjrrn x T"UTB Y
DC L 1

OC L 1 STATI C , CHARC2) , CHAR(3) , CHA R (7) , FLOAT , FLOAT , FLOAT ; STATIC , AQ_DATA(130 ) 2 " MONTHLY (12 ) , 3 A O FLOAT , 2 QTRLYU) , 3 A O FLOAT ; POP_DATA<130 ) STATIC , 2 PR0JECTI0N(0:1) , 3 A6E_6RP(0:7 ) , 4 BY_HOUSE(3) , / * subscrip t 1 = livin g

subscrip t 2 = livin g subscrip t 3 = no t i n 5 BY_SOE<2) , 6 ~ PO P 4 SUBTO T / * 198 0 • •1 Projectio n y r / * Preg
. •7 chiI d jroup s * /
•/

DC L TR_OATA<130 ) STATIC ,

2 E.1PL_DUR_G00D S FLOAT , 2 T0T_HSNG ~ FLOAT , 2 P3.HSN G FLOAT , 2 T0T_CHIL D FLOAT , 2 T0T_E"P L FLOAT , 2 SOE.CHIL O FLOAT ; i n LPH , unsoun d i n LPH , soun d LP H » /
FLOAT , FLOAT ; / * Censu s trac t data : *l I * Employe d i n ouraol e good s afg
. / * Tota l housin g unit s i n tract
. / * Housin g . it h leade d paint
. / * Tota l childre n ag e 0--5.9 9 yr s / * Tota l employee s i n tract
. / * Childre n expose d t o SOE

. * /
/ •Variable s use d i n OC L ( UTHY , SA I subroutine s - * ALON , ALA T) UTWX , I ZON E NAPGT U ENTRY (FLOAT , FLOAT , EXTERNA L OPTIONS(FTN) , HAfUT G ENTRY (FLOAT , FLOAT , EXTERNA L OPTIONSlFTN) , VV6TU 1 ENTR YEXTERNA L OP TIONS(FTN) ; REL.SAI~-»OUTINE S FLOA TBI N STATIC , FIXE D BI N STATIC , FIXED , FLOAT , FLOA T • /

FIXED , FLOAT , FLOA T)

Use d i n MATCH-AQ 2 subroutin e calculations : * / OC L (AGE1 , AGE2 , F_0EATHS , PR_WOI*EN , BL.FRACT ,

RACE.FRACT , TOT_E*P L ) FLOA TSTATIC , (PB_HSN6 , T0T_H£N G ) FLOA TSTATIC ,

2 7P.3 5

'« 7 '< ? '<3 : U<: '<5 ; U 6 - u?. 

## nl; 150
- '57 ; '53 ; '54. . '55
. 75-j
. 158 - 15 9 : 160 : '6 7 U 2 '63 ; 76 < . '65- * 16 6 : 16?
. '12. - " <
. 776 - 

## V 7 

## ' "?.
- 120. 121;

, 7 * 2

- * '23 ; '2 4 7 ?5 * '*6 : 7 ?fl . '29 : 73 0 j '31
. '33 : 13 5 : 736 ; 'j? : 7Jfl . '3 9 J<0 . U S Ta . t4 **f"ifi?, F *-*C T •s«*rJ o

Tn » ' o.o - 

# "Sffi

SMS';


# ii$ym^

: 

# " * ' *

•? ; "' •:: s "S!L" A


# r/r- - "-^•-. M S 0
J4-; t 5" , «E*si..r . "«"vof „ . . ' • 

# l*#*s * ....?.'"••-*" •* :::***a?^****'*-**r-•••*•..
.

' S '-*=»P.-.„ „ 

### • 5 

### *".«),"**««o. i

••*• « .. .



### e s- » >

-

*

a

163 :

169 : 170 : 17 1 : 172 : 173 : 174 : 175 : 176 : 177 : 178 : 179 : 180 : 181 : 182 : 18 3 184 : 185 : 186 : 187 : 18 8 18 9 19 0 191 : 192 : 19 3 194 : 19 5 196 : 19 7 198 : 19 9 20 0 20 1 ;C 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 20 6 20 7 20 8 20 9 21 0 21 1 21 2 21 3 21 4 21 5 21 6 21 7 21 8 21 9 2 2 U 22 1 22 2 22 3 2 2 4 (COL(IO).A , C0L(2C ) ,F(7,3 ) ) ;

DO R » 1 T

O 2 ; FU TEDI T(RACE_NA«E(R) , BIRTH_RATE(A,R) , FETA L 0 RATIO(A,R ) ) (C0L(30),A , C0L(40),F(1C,2) , COL(51 ) ,F(1 0 ,2)) ; END;E»D ; PU TSKIP(2 ) EDI T(SN6L52 ) (COL(10),52 A ) ; PU TSKI P EDI T('NOTES:' ) (C0LOG),A) ; PU TSKI P EDI T( ' (A ) APPLIE S T O FETA L DEAT H RATIO.' ) (COL(10),A) ; PU TSKI P EDI T( ' (B ) RAT E PE R 1,00 0 FEMALE S I N GROUP.' ) (COLdO).A) ; PU TSKI P EDI T( ' (C ) RAT E PE R 1,00 0 LIV E BIRTHS.' ) (C0L(10),A) ; A«_INPUTS : / * Fro a ISC-L Toutput s *» / PU TSKIP(4 ) EDI T('AI R QUALIT YESTIMATE S FO R CENSU S TRACTS:' ) (A) ; PU TSKIP ; 0 0 T» 1 T O N.TRACTS ; GE TFILE(«0NTHLYAO ) EDI T(T_STATE(T) , T_CNTY (T ) , . T.COD E (T ) , LAT , LONG , (MONTHLY.A Q < T,M ) 0 0 H= 1 T O * » 2 7 J ( C CL(3 ) TA (2 ) , X(1),A(3) , CCL(1C),A(7) , C0L(26),2F(9,4 ) , COL(44),12F(7,0)) ; / •Conver t l a t-lon g t o UT M coordinates
. * / ALA T» LAT ; ALO N •LONG ; 1Z0N E = ZCNE ; 1* Fro a runstrea a * / I F ALO N > 0. 0 THE N ALO N = -ALON ; / •Sub rneed s - • / CAL L MAP6TU(AL0N,ALAT,IZ0N E ,UTMX,t»TMY) ; T_UTPX(T ) = UTMX ; / « Fro m subroutin e * / T~UT*Y(T ) = UTMY ; /* » Fro m subroutin e * / PU TEDI T(T_STATE(T) , T_CNTY(T) , T_COOE(T), ' UTNY , UTMX , (MONTHLY

. AQ(T,M)D O N» 1 TO 12) ) (CO L ( 3 ) , A ( 2 ) , X(1),A(3) , CaL(1C),A(7) , COL(24),2F(1C,4) , C O L(44 ) ,1 2 F (7 , C ) ) ; / * Calculat e distanc e t o source . * / X O = SCURCE_ X- ITNX ; Y O = SOURCE. Y- UTMY ; fl TO SRC(T ) = (£QRT(XD** 2 •YD**?) ) •1000.0 ; END; "

: CI A FES : /-**

* Rea d deaographi c dat a fro a censu s tapes : • / O C BOCTAP E = 1 T O N.TAPES ; I F BCCTAF E -

1 THE N STF3 A = TAPE1 ; ELS E I F BOCTAP E * 2 THE N STF3 A = TAPE2 ; : ELS E I F BOCTAP E = 3 THE N STF3 A = TAPE3 ; PU TPAG E EDI T('BEGI N READIN G STF3 A TAP E ' , BOCT*P E ) (A , F (1 ) ) ; : EO F a 'C'B ; O N EN0FILE(STF3A ) EO F = '1'8 ; T P : D O WHIL E ("EOF) ; : GE TFILE(STF3A ) EDI T(RCO.LEVEL , STATE , SMSA , COUNTY ,

BTRACT , SUFFIX , S FLAG 1 ) (COLdO) , A(2) , C0L(34) , : A(2) , A(4) , A(3) , COL(SO) , »(4) , A(2) , C0L1205) , A (1 ) ) ;

I F RCO.LEVE L * = '14 ' / * trac t * / THE N G O TO NEXT_B0C_RECORD ; : I F SUFFI X= ' ' IHE N SUFFI X= 'CO' ;

C_TRAC T= BTRAC T• ! *. ' ! ! SUFFIX ; : 0 0 T R = 1 TO N_TBACTS ; : I F (C.TRACT=T.CO0E(TR ) 8 STAT E = T_ST*TE(TR ) : & COUNT Y= T.CNTY(TR ) ) THE N GO TO~SUP_FLAG ; : ENO ; : G

O TO N£XT_BOC_RECO R 0 ; / * n o A O dat a t o Batch
. * /

2 9 P.3 6P.3 7

22 5 22 6 2 2 7 22 8 22 9 22 0 23 1 23 2 23 3 23 4 23 5 23 6 23 7 23 8 23 9 240 : 24 1 24 2 24 3 24 4 24 5 24 6 24 7 24 8 24 9 250 : 25 1 25 2 25 3 25 4 25 5 25 6 23 7 25 3 25 9 26 0 26 1 26 2 26 3 26 4 26 5 26 6 26 7 26 8 26 9 27 C 27 1 27 2 27 3 27 4 27 5 27 6 27 7 27 8 27 9 28 C 28 1 SUP

.

I F S

I*

TA P

OI T GET

GET GE T GE T GET GE T CAL L PU T

•t PU T CAL L U R a NEX T GE T
I F U EN D EN D CTA P ES.DON E : CAL L SU B CAL L NO R CAL L PR O FLAG :

.FLA G FU TE STAT E <CCL ( PU TS G O T O END ; FILE ( FILE ( FILE i FILE ( FILE ( FILE ( PRE G SKI P SUF F EDI T TRA C U R * * BOC

_ SKIP (
* * 1 R > = T P ; E S ; 0 1 v l D ML. S JECT I / * Dat a suppressio n fla g *l 1 » *1 * THE N 00 ; / * i.e
. i f< 3 G person s OI T('Les s tha n 3 C person s i n censu s trac t

, COUNTY , C TRACT , ' - - dat a suppressed. ' ) 1 ) , A,A(3 ) ,A(4),2 A ) ; KIP ; NEXT_BOC_RECOR0 ; i nt ra c t recor d" , * /

STF3A ) STF3A ) STF3A ) STF3A ) STF3A ) STF3A ) WOME N EDI T ( IX , ' ( ' ' . T CAL C 1 ; BECOR D 1 ) FI L EDI T(BOC.RACE ) (COL(«31) , 3F(9 ) ) ;

EDI T(BO C CHILD ) (C0L(676) , 5F(9 ) ) ; EDI T(80C.W0MEN ) <C0L(9S2) , 11F(9 ) ) ; EOI T(LAB R FRCE ) (C0L(508C) , 8F(9 ) ) ; EDI T(EMPL~DUR_GOOOS(TR) ) (COL(5518) , EOI T(H S UMTS ) (COL(3682) , 7 F (9 ) ) ; F(9 ) ) ,

'RECOR D USED : ' , STATE , COUNTY , BTRACT , ' ) (COL(5),2A, X(1) , A,X(1) , 4 A , ) ; BOC.CHILD , ' ' ) (A , 5F(9) , A) ;

E (STF3A) ;
I THE N G

O T O TAPES.DONE ; TES T* / / •En d o freadin g record s o n on e tap e * / / * En d o freadin g al l censu s tape s * /
E POP ; CE ; CN ; FUTS : OC L LINEK89 ) CHARd ) INIT ((89)('»*)) , LINE1A(89 ) CHARd ) IN I T (09 ) ('-') ) , LINE2(117 ) CHASd ) Ihl?((117){'-')) , LINE3169 ) CMRd ) INI T((69 ) ('-*)) , 6R01P_NA*»E(C:7 ) CHAR(25 ) VARIABLE ;
PU TPAG E EDI T('CENSU S TRACT S AROUN D POIN TSOURC E * , SOURC E NAM E ) (COL (12 ) ,2A) ; PU TSKIP(2 ) EDI T(LINE3 ) (69A) ; PU TSKI P EDITCMeters* , *UT M Coordinates' ) (COL(35),A , C0i(5?),A> ; PU TSKI P EOI T('Trac t FIP S FIP S Censu s t o ' ,

- ) ( A fC0L(44), A ) ; PU TSKI P EOI T('Seq

. Stat e Count yTrac t Source' , 'X' , *Y' , 'Zore ' ) (A , C0L(48),A , C0L(58),A , COL(65), A ) ; PU TSKI P EOI T(LINE! ) (69A) ; DO T R = 1 T

O H.TRACTS ; FU TEDI T(TR , TRACT(TR) , ZONE ) (C0Ld),F(3) , C0L(9),A , C0L(17),A , C0L(25),°A , C O L (32 ) , F (8 , 0 ) , X( 2 ) , 2 F (1 1 , 4 ) , F(4 ) END ; QTRLY.A Q = O.C ; D O T R = 1 T

O » TRACTS ; 0 0 0 = 1 T

O 4 ; O C * - 1 T O 3 ; ) ;

3 0• » *
. P.3 8

2S 2 283 : 284 : 285 : 286 : 287 : 288 : 289 : 290 : 29 1 292 : 293 : 294 : 295 : 296 : 297 : 298 : 299 : 200 : 20 1 202 : 203 : 2C4 : 205 : 206 : 207 : 208 : 209 ; 210 : 21 1 21 2 213 : !14 : !15
. 216 : 217 : 218 : 119 : 220 : 22 1 222 : 223 : 224 : 2 2 5 2 2 6 : 2 2 7 : 2 2 8 : 229 : 230 : 23 1 23 2 233 : 234 : 235 : 236 : 237 : 238 : QTRLY(TR,Q).A Q •MONTHLY(TR,NM).AQ ; / 3.0 ; MP » (Q-1 ) •3 •N ; Q1RLY(TR,Q )

. A

O EI.O ; QTRLY(TR,Q).A O = OTRLYIT R ,0).A Q END;ENO ; PU TPAG E EOI TCCENSli S TRAC TLEA D CONCENTRATION S ' ) (C0L(45X,A) ; PU TSKiP(2 ) EOI T(LINE2 ) (117A) ; PU TSKI P EDI T('Trac t census' , 'Monthl yAverages(Nanagr'as/cu.m.)' , 'Quarterl yAverages' ) (COL(1),A , C0L(39),A , C0L(98). A ) ; PU TSKI P EOI T('Seq

. Trac t * , * 1 2 3 4' ,

5 6 7 8 9 1 C 1 1 12*
. ' 1 2 3 4' ) (C0L(DtA , C0L(24),2A , C0l(93), A ) ; PU TSKI P EDI T(L1NE2 ) (117A) ; OS - T 8 * 1 T

O (.TRACTS ; PU TEDI T(TR , TCODE(TR) , ((MOhTHLY(TR,M).AQ)D O M= 1 T O 12) , ((QTRL Y(TR, 0 ) .AO)D 0 Q= 1 T O 4) ) (C0L(1),F(3) , X(6),A(7) , C0L(20),12F(6) , X(2 ) , 5F( i ) ) ; ENO ;

= 'PREGNAN TWOMEN' ;

= 'CHILDRE N < 1 YEAR* ;
= 'CHILORE N 1 T

O 1.9 9 YEARS' ; » 'CHILDRE N 2 T

O 2.9 9 YEARS' ;
= » 'CHILDRE N 3 T

O 3.9 9 TEARS' ; « 'CHILORE N 4 T

O 4.9 9 YEARS' ; * » 'CHILDRE N 5 T

O 5.9 9 YEARS' ; * 'CHILDRE N 6 T

O 6.9 9 YEARS' ; 7 ; THE N PU TPAG E EDI T( ' ' ) (C0L(8),A) ; F a 1 THE N PUTPA6 E EDI T( ' * ) (COL(14 ) ,A) ; F > » 2 THE N PU TPAG E EDI T( ' ' ) (C0L(11),A) ; ('ESTIMATE D ' , PRO J YR(1) , ' CENSU S TRACT' , ION S O F ' , GROUP.NAME(GP) ) (A , F( 4 ) , 3 A ) ; 2 ) EDI T(LINE D 7SSA) ; GROUP.NAHE(O ) GROUP.NArEd ) GR0UP_NAPE(2 ) GROU P NAP E (3 ) GROU P NAC E (4 ) 6R0UP_NAFE(5 ) GR0UP_NAPE(6 ) GROUP.N A |<E(7 ) P0P.T8LS : 0 0 G P » C T

O I F 6 P = 0 ELS E I F G ELS E I F G PU TEDI T
* POFULA T PU TSKIP ( PU TSKI P (C0L(33 ) , PU TSKI P (C0L(38) , PU TSKI P

SO E PU TSKI P
* Le w PU TSKI P DO T F a 1 FU TE (CO L FU TE END ; PU TSKIP ( PU TSKI P FU TSKI P

* rejicn a PU TSKI P

' second a 'LPH/Unsoun d LPH/Soun d Non-LPH' )

FIP S EDI T( * > ; EDI T( ' > ) ; EDI T('Trac t fI P S SO E SO E SO E EDI T( ' Seq

. Stat e Hig h Lo

wHig h EOI T(LINE1A ) (39A) ; T O N TRACTS ; OI T^T( , TSTATE(TR) , TCNTY(TR) , TCOOE(TR ) ) (1),F(3) , X(6),A(2) , X(67,A(3) , X(5),A(7 ) ) ; OI T(AG E GRP(TR, 1 ,GP) ) (3( X( ? ) , 2 (P'Z Z Z , ZZ?' ) ) Censu s SOE* , SOE ' ) (COLO ) ,2 A ) ; Count yTrac t Hig h Lo wTo t al' ) (C0L(1),2 A

) ; (LINE D (89A) ; 2 ) EDI T EDI T( ' LP H 3 I ivin g EDI T( ' Unsoun d LPH s estiaate d b y I factor s EOI T( ' SOE r yoccu p at i cna l exposure . # i n lead-base d painte d hone.' ) (A) ; soun d LPH s estiaate d by' , proviae d b yPE I Associates , Inc.' ) (2A) ; E-Hi/lo windicate s probabilit yof
. ' ) <?A) ;

3 1P.3 9

23 9 24 0 24 1 24 2 24 3 24 4 24 5 24 6 34 7 24 8 24 9 25 0 25 1 25 2 25 3 35 4 EC F :25 4 Et O ED . EN D POP.TBLS ;

* Outpu t file s fo rUPTAK E -frograa : * / OC L 0U1F L OUTPU TFILE ; D O T3 1 T

O N.TRACTs ; D O G F - 0 T O 7 ; FUTFILE(OUTFL ) EDI T(TCOOE(T) , ((*,* , P 0P ( T , 1 , G P, H S .S ) 0 0 S» 1 T

O 2)0 0 HS3 1 T

O I ) ) (C0L(1),A , 6(A,F(7) ) ) ; END ; FU TSKI P FILE(OUTFL ) EDI T ( ( ( MONTHLY.AO(T.M ) , *,*)0 0 M= 1 T O 11) ) ( 11(F(6).A ) ) ; FU TFILE(OUTFL ) EOI T(MONT H L Y
. A Q ( T, 12 ) ) (F(6>) ; END ; fOt.END : » D MATCH.A04 ; h C CURRECTIO S APPLIE D

•FI U

3 2