| The              Library of Congress>>Especially              for Researchers>>Research              Centers   Home >> Country             Studies >> BrazilFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress PagesA Country Study: Brazil**Library of Congress Call Number F2508                   .B846 1998**- Brazil  ForewordAcknowledgments
- Preface  Table                       A. Selected Acronyms and AbbreviationsTable                       B. Chronology of Important Events
- Country                       Profile    - Country  GeographySociety
- Economy  Transportation                           and CommunicationsGovernment                           and Politics
- National                           Security   Introduction- Chapter                       1 - Historical Setting  (Frank D. McCann)                          - The                           Indigenous Population  The                           Colonial Era, 1500-1815- Frontier                               Expansion That Shaped Brazil  Early                               ColonizationFrench                               and Dutch Incursions
- Gold                               Mining Displaces Cane Farming  The                               Transition to Kingdom StatusThe                           Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil, 1815-21
- The                           Empire, 1822-89    - Emperor                               Pedro I, 1822-31  The                               Regency Era, 1831-40The                               Second Empire, 1840-89
- The                           Republican Era, 1889-1985    - The                               Old or First Republic, 1889-1930  The                               Era of Get�lio Vargas, 1930-54The                               Post-Vargas Republic, 1954-64
- The                               Military Republic, 1964-85       - Chapter                       2 - The Society and Its Environment  (Donald R. Sawyer)                            - The                           Physical Setting        - Size                               and Location  Geology,                               Geomorphology, and DrainageSoils                               and Vegetation
- Climate  Geographic                               Regions- North  NortheastSoutheast
- South  Center-WestThe                               Environment
- Population    - Population                               Size and Distribution  MortalityFertility
- Migration                               and Urbanization   Social                           Structure- Social                               Classes  GenderYouth
- The                               Elderly  Race                               and EthnicityAmerindians
- Rural                               Groups   Cultural                           Unity and Diversity- The                               Brazilian Way  LanguageMass                               Communications
- Family                               and Kinship   Religion- Roman                               Catholicism  Other                               ReligionsHealth                           Status and Health Care
 (Jaklen Muoi Tuyen)                           
Indicators                               of Health
- Infectious                               and Chronic Diseases  Nutrition                               and DietThe                               Health Care System
- Health                               Professionals and Resources   Public                           Health and Welfare- Social                               Security  Sanitation                               and Public UtilitiesHousing
- Education    - Literacy  Primary                               and Secondary SchoolsColleges                               and Universities
- Principal                               Research Libraries   Social                           Conflict and Participation- Conflict                               and Nonviolence  Growth                               of Social and Environmental MovementsInclusion                               and Exclusion
Chapter                       3 -The Economy
 (Charles C. Mueller and Werner Baer)                       
Historical                           Background and Economic Growth
The                               Colonial Period
The                                   Sugar Cycle, 1540-1640
- The                                   Eighteenth-Century Gold Rush   The                               Economy at Independence, 1822The                               Coffee Economy, 1840-1930
- A                               Period of Sweeping Change, 1930-45  Import-Substitution                               Industrialization, 1945-64Stagnation                               and Spectacular Growth, 1962-80
Stagnation,                                   1962-67
- Spectacular                                   Growth, 1968-73  Growth                                   with Debt, 1974-80Stagnation,                               Inflation, and Crisis, 1981-94
The                                   1981-84 Period
- The                                   1985-89 Period  The                                   1990-94 PeriodThe                           Labor Force and Income Levels
Employment                               and Earnings
Employment
- Earnings   Inequality                               and PovertyStructure                           of Production
Agriculture
- Livestock  FishingIndustry
- Mining  Energy- Electric                                   Power  PetroleumNatural                                   Gas
- Nuclear                                   Power   The                               Services Sector (Donald V. Coes)                               - Transportation  HighwaysRailroads
- Subways  AirportsPorts
- Inland                                   Waterways  Merchant                                   MarineTelecommunications
- Tourism    PrivatizationExchange-Rate                           and Balance of Payments Policies 
Exchange                               Rates and Foreign Trade
- Capital                               Flows and the External Debt   Fiscal                           and Monetary Policy, the Public Sector, and Inflation- Fiscal                               Trends in the 1980s  Pressures                               on Public-Sector Expenditures in the 1980sFiscal                               Deficits and Inflation
- Brazil's                           Real Plan  Trade                           PoliciesTrade                           Patterns and Regional Economic Integration
- Economic                           Outlook      - Chapter                       4 - Government and Politics  (David V. Fleischer)                            - Political                           Culture  Constitutional                           FrameworkStructure                           of Government
The                               Executive
- The                               Legislature  The                               JudiciaryState                               and Local Governments
- The                           Political Party System    - Historical                               Origins and Evolution  Major                               Parties in Congress- Progressive                                   Renewal Party  Brazilian                                   Democratic Movement PartyLiberal                                   Front Party
- Brazilian                                   Labor Party  Democratic                                   Labor PartyWorkers'                                   Party
- Brazilian                                   Social Democracy Party  Progressive                                   PartyMinor                               Parties in Congress
Liberal                                   Party
- Party                                   of National Reconstruction  Brazilian                                   Socialist PartyBrazilian                                   Communist Party
- Communist                                   Party of Brazil   Regional                               Strength of the PartiesParty                               Legislation
- Politics    - Sarney's                               Presidency, 1985-90  Collor                               de Mello's Presidency, 1990-92Franco's                               Presidency, 1992-94
- Cardoso's                               Presidency, 1995-    Women                           in PoliticsThe                           Electoral System
- Elections    - The                               Presidential Election of 1989  Congressional                               and State Elections, 1990Municipal                               Elections, 1992
- General                               Elections, 1994  Municipal                               Elections, 1996Interest                           Group Politics
Interest                               Groups
- The                               Lobbying Process  The                               MediaForeign                           Relations
The                               Foreign Service
- Foreign                               Policy Decision Making  Multilateral                               RelationsLatin                               America
- Europe  The                               Middle EastAfrica
- Asia  United                               States- Chapter                       5 - National Security  (Scott D. Tollefson)                          - The                           Military Role in Society and Government  (Scott D.                           Tollefson and Frank D. McCann)                                - Early                               History  Military                               Rebellion and the Revolution of 1930From                               Moderator to Director, 1930-85
- The                               Internal Security Mission, 1964-85  Civil-Military                               Relations, 1985-94Brazil                           and International Conflicts, 1917-95
- Foreign                           Military Influence  The                           Military Role in the Intelligence Services (Scott                           D. Tollefson and Frank D. McCann)                           - The                               National Intelligence Service, 1964-90  The                               Strategic Affairs Secretariat, 1990-94Defense                           Industries
- Mission                           of the Armed Forces    - The                               Military Mission since 1988  The                               Military in the AmazonThe                               Military Role in Counter-Drug Actions
- Civic                               Action   Defense                           ExpendituresOrganization                           of the Armed Forces
Command                               and Control
- Army  NavyAir                               Force
- Personnel                           and Training  (Scott D. Tollefson and Frank D. McCann)                              - Conscription  Ranks,                               Uniforms, and InsigniaEducation                               and Training
- Sociology                               of the Officer Corps  Officer                               RecruitmentWomen                               in the Armed Forces
- Security                           Forces    - Federal                               Police  State                               PoliceCrime                           and Punishment
Crime
- Penal                               Code  Penal                               InstitutionsToward                           the Future
Chapter                       6 - Science and Technology
 (Simon Schwartzman and Maria                       Helena Magalhães Castro)                       
Historical                           Evolution
Colonial                               Science
- Imperial                               Science  Applied                               Science in Agriculture and HealthThe                               Search for Alternatives
- Science                               and Technology as Modernization, 1945-64  The                               Great Leap Forward, 1968-79Science                               and Technology as a Pressure Group, 1979-90
- The                           Computer Industry Policy  Science                           for Industrial CompetitivenessAdministration                           of Science and Technology
The                               Ministry of Science and Technology
- National                               Council for Scientific and Technological Development  The                               Funding Authority for Studies and ProjectsThe                               Coordination of High-Level Personnel Training
- Other                               Activities by the Federal Government  Science                               and Technology in the StatesThe                               S�o Paulo Science and Technology System
- Research                           and Development    - University                               Research and Graduate Education  Research                               in State-Owned CorporationsTechnological                               Research in the Private Sector
- Centers                               of Excellence  Policy                               PerspectivesNuclear                           Programs
 (Scott D. Tollefson)                        
- The                           Space Program  (Scott D. Tollefson)                         Missile                           Programs (Scott D. Tollefson)                      - Appendix. Tables    BibliographyGlossary

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