Benthic Marine Cypridinacea

from Hawaii (Ostracoda)

Mfe

LOUIS S. KORNICKER

I

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 231
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 23 1

Benthic Marine Cypridinacea

from Hawaii (Ostracoda)

Louis S. Kornicker

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1976
ABSTRAC T

Kornicker, Louis S. Benthic Marine Cypridinacea from Hawaii (Ostracoda).

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 231, 24 pages, 19 figures, 1 table,

1976.—A new genus and two new species in the family Sarsiellidae, and one

new species in the family Cylindroleberididae, from a shallow lagoon between

Paiko Peninsula and a fringing coral reef in Maunalua Bay on the southern

coast of Oahu, Hawaii, are described and illustrated. Benthic Cypridinacea have

not previously been recorded from Hawaii.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea

cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Kornicker, Louis S., 1919-

Benthic marine Cypridinacea from Hawaii (Ostracoda)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; 231)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:231

1. Myodocopa. 2. Crustacea—Hawaii. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; 231.

QL1.S54 no. 231 [QL444.085] 591'.08s [595'.33] 76-608029
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Acknowledgments 1

Station List with Specimens Collected 1

SARSIELLIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896 2

Sarsiella Norman, 1869 2

Sarsiella janiceae, new species 2

Ancohenia, new genus 6

Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species 7

CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE Muller, 1906 15

CYCLASTEROPINAE Poulsen, 1965 15

Microasteropteron Poulsen, 1965 15

Microasteropteron youngi, new species 15

Literature Cited 24

in

Benthic Marine Cypridinacea

from Hawaii (Ostracoda)

Louis S. Kornicker

Introduction

The present report on benthic myodocopid

Ostracoda in the superfamily Cypridinacea from

Hawaii is based on samples collected in February

and April, 1975, in a shallow lagoon between the

Paiko Peninsula and a fringing coral reef in Maunalua Bay on the southern coast of Oahu. Collections were made by Anne Cohen, Janice Neill, and

Richard Young. Three species were represented in

both the February and April collections: Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new genus, new species, Sarsiella janiceae, new species, and Microasteropteron

youngi, new species.

The only previous record of a cypridinid ostracode from Hawaii is the pelagic form Cypridina

sharpei (Miiller, 1912), which was collected by the

Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross, Station

3921, in 1902 from surface waters off Honolulu

(Sharpe, 1908:427). Benthic Cypridinacea have not

previously been recorded from Hawaii.

The new genus Ancohenia is monotypic and

presently known only from Hawaii. The genus

Sarsiella is widely distributed (Kornicker, 1975:

573), but the genus Microasteropteron has previously been found only in shallow water along the

southeast coast of Thailand (Poulsen: 1965:222).

Note: Specimens located in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

are indicated by the acronym "USNM" ( = former

United States National Museum).

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—Several people assisted in

the preparation of this manuscript. The shaded

renderings of ostracode carapaces were made by

Mrs. Carolyn Bartlett Gast. Initial camera lucida

drawings of most appendages were made by Mr.

Paul Mazer, who also inked the final drawings. The

assistance of Mr. Walter R. Brown and Miss Mary

J. Mann, who operated the scanning-electron

microscope, is acknowledged. Freeze-drying of the

specimens for photography was done in the laboratory of Mr. Rolland Hower. The manuscript

was reviewed by Mrs. Anne Cohen. Miss Maura

McManus mounted the photographs and generally

assisted. I wish to thank all of these individuals as

well as the collectors of the specimens, who are

mentioned in the text, for their help.

Station List with Specimens Collected

Seaward side of Paiko Peninsula, Maunalua Bay, Oahu Island,

Hawaii, between peninsula and outer reef; sample collected

by dragging small net with 1 mm openings over substrate;

collectors Anne Cohen, Janice Neill, Richard Young.

Sample 1, 15 February 1975; water depth 30-55 cm; no surf

at time of sampling; substrate very silty sand.

Ancohenia hawaiiensis: 1 adult 9, USNM 151920; 2 ovigerous $, USNM 151984, 151921; 2 adult $, USNM 151579,

151927; 29 specimens, USNM 153931.

Sarsiella janiceae: 2 ovigerous 9, USNM 151922, 152457;

1 adult 9, USNM 152456.

Microasteropteron youngi: 1 adult 9, USNM 151580.

Sample 2, 19 April 1975; water depth 35-58 cm; sample from

6 or 7 places, some in mixed algal sand bottom, others in

sand depression.

Ancohenia hawaiiensis: 4 specimens (no adult males or

ovigerous females), USNM 153932.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Sarsiella janiceae: 1 ovigerous 9 an( i 3 specimens, USNM

154195.

Microasteropteron youngi: 1 A- l $, USNM 153933; 2

early instars, USNM 153934.

SARSIELLIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896

Sarsiella Norman, 1869

Sarsiella janiceae, new species

FIGURES 1-4

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 151922, ovigerous female in

alcohol, and on slides.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Seaward side of Paiko Peninsula, leeward of reef, Maunalua Bay, Oahu Island,

Hawaii.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Mrs.

Janice Neill, one of the collectors.

PARATYPES.—Sample 1: USNM 152456, 1 adult

female; USNM 152457, 1 ovigerous female. Sample

2: USNM 154195, 1 ovigerous female and 3 specimens including a very early instar.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.—Carapace oval

in lateral view with projecting caudal process and

slight indentation in middle of anterior margin

representing an incisur (Figures 1, 2a, $a-c, 4a).

Ornamentation (Figures 1, 2): Carapace with a

horizontal rib above and below middle of valve

connected together at ventral and posterior ends to

form oval; anterior part of lower rib with a rib

forming a loop; anterior end of loop intersecting

lower rib at its anterior end; posterior end of loop

intersecting lower rib at point posterior to valve

middle; dorsal rib present parallel to dorsal margin

of valve (Figure 1); surface of valve with shallow

fossae containing short truncate processes (Figure

2c); area between fossae with cauliflower-like low

processes (Figure 2c-e); bristles emerging from

closed pores scattered over valve surface and along

anterior and ventral valve margins (Figure 2d);

some pores with bristles with raised peripheral rim

(Figure 2/).

Infold: Anterior infold slightly below valve middle with minute bristle near inner margin (Figure

4a); posterior infold with 2 setose bristles dorsal to

caudal process (Figure 46); caudal process with

4—13 minute bristles forming row plus 2 or 3 minute bristles near inner margin (Figures 3b,c,

4b,c).

FIGURE 1.—Sarsiella janiced^new species, USNM 151922,

holotype, adult female, length 1.12 mm.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with

smooth margin present long anterior, ventral, and

posterior margins.

Central Adductor Muscle Scars (Figure 3d-/):

Consisting of about 10 individual scars.

Size: USNM 152456, length 1.11 mm, height

0.87 mm; USNM 152457, length 1.13 mm, height

0.89 mm; USNM 151922, length 1.12 mm, height

0.88 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 4d): 1st joint bare; 2nd

joint with 1 spinous dorsal bristle and few spines

on lateral surface; 3rd joint fused to 4th, with 2

bristles, 1 vental, 1 dorsal; 4th joint long with 2

bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal; sensory bristle of 5th

joint with 2 minute marginal filaments; 6th joint

with small medial bristle near dorsal margin.

Seventh joint: a-bristle about 3-times length of

bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle bare, about twice

length of a-bristle; c-bristle about same length as

sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 3 minute marginal

filaments. Eighth joint: d- and e-bristles bare, equal

in length, slightly shorter than c-bristle; f- and gbristles same length as c-bristle; f-bristle with 3

minute marginal filaments, g-bristle with 1. Right

limb of USNM 152457 aberrant in having e-bristle

branching from g-bristle near base (distance from

base equal to length of bristle of 6th joint).

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare; endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short anterior bristles and small

mound at middle of ventral margin (Figure 4e).

Exopodite: terminal margin of 1st joint with small
NUMBER 231

FIGURE 2.—Sarsiella janice<gnew species, USNM 152457, paratype adult female, right valve, outside views: a, lateral view, X 87; b, dorsal view, anterior to right, X 80; c, surface fossae, pustules

and bristles, from posterodorsal part of a, X 970; d, bristles and pustules in upper right of c,

X 3530; e, detail of dorsal ridge shown in b, 1080; /, bristle on caudal process shown in a, X 1785;

g, posterior view of valve, X 85. (Photos reduced to 75.5 percent for publication.)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 3.—Sarsiella janicea£*\cv: species, USNM 152457, ovigcrous female, right valve, inside

views: a, medial view, X 90; b, caudal process, X 250; c, detail showing tip of caudal process

shown in b, X 440; d, ends of central adductor muscles, from a, X 370; e, muscle attachment in

lower right of d, X 2625; /, upper edge of muscle attachment in e, X 10,500. (Photos reduced to

77 percent for publication.)
NUMBER 231

FIGURE 4.—Sarsiella janicea£new species, USNM 152457, paratype, adult female: a, medial view

of anterior of right valve showing minute bristle on infold; b, caudal process of right valve,

medial view; c, caudal process of left valve, medial view; d, left 1st antenna, medial view; e, endopodite and part of protopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; /, left mandible, medial view;

g, right maxilla, medial view; h, tip of 5th limb; i, right 6th limb, medial view; /, tip of 7th

limb; k, caudal process and anus, note posterior end of copepod emerging from anal opening;

/, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, left lateral eye, upper lip; m, right genitalia and Y-sclerite.

(USNM 152456: a,b; USNM 152457: c-m.)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

medial bristle; bristle of 2nd joint with few proximal hairs on dorsal margin, about 23 spines on

ventral margin, and then natatory hairs on both

margins; bristles of joints 3-8 with ventral spines

followed by natatory hairs on both margins; 9th

joint with 3 bristles, 2 long with spines followed by

natatory hairs, and 1 short, bare.

Mandible (Figure 4/): Coxale endite consisting

of sharp spine; ventral margin of coxale hirsute

with base of hairs on lateral surface. Basale: medial

surface with 4 bristles near ventral margin; dorsal

margin with 1 midbristle and 1 subterminal bristle.

Endopodite: medial surface of 1st joint with distal

spines and 2 minute bristles near base of main

claw; 2nd joint with minute subterminal bristle on

dorsal margin and main claw on ventral margin;

3rd joint with small bristle near ventral and dorsal

margins of base of main claw. Exopodite absent.

Maxilla (Figure 4g): Coxale with 1 short anterior bristle; endite I with 6 bristles; endite II with

about 3 bristles; endite III with about 6 bristles;

basale with 1 bristle near base of exopodite; exopodite with 2 bristles, inner bristle shorter than outer

bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with alpha and beta

bristles with slender marginal spines; 2nd joint

with 2 posterior a-bristles, 1 anterior c-bristle, and

5 pectinate terminal bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 4h): Epipodial appendage

with 36 bristles; single endite present with 1 short

bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 bristles; 2nd to

5th joints fused; 2nd joint with 3 bristles; 3rd to

5th joints with total of 6 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 4i): Single endite present

with 3 bristles; end joint with 11 or 12 slender

bristles, either with short marginal spines or bare,

followed by 2 stout hirsute bristles; limb with long

hairs on posterior half.

Seventh Limb (Figure 4/): Each limb with 8

bristles, 2 proximal, 1 on each side, and 6 terminal,

3 on each side; each bristle with 3-7 bells and no

marginal spines; terminus with opposing combs,

each with 4 or 5 opposing teeth.

Furca (Figure 4k): Each lamella with 5 claws;

claw 1 continuous with lamella, others separated

from lamella by suture; claws 1-4 with large and

small teeth along posterior margins; left lamella

with 2 spines following claw 5; medial hairs present

near base of claw I.

Eyes and Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 4/): Lateral eye small with 5 minute ommatidia; medial

eye bare, pigmented, larger than lateral eye; rodshaped organ elongate, 1-jointed with rounded tip.

Upper Lip: Helmet shaped without hairs or

spines (Figure 4/).

Anterior of Body: Triangular process present between medial eye and upper lip (Figure 4/).

Genitalia: Cuplike spermatophore present on

USNM 152457 (Figure 4m).

Y-shaped Sclerite: Normal for family (Figure

4m).

Eggs: USNM 152457 with 7 eggs in marsupium.

Food: USNM 152457 with almost whole empty

skeleton of a copepod partway out anus posterior

end first (Figure 4k).

Comparisons: The new species Sarsiella janiceae

differs from previously described species in the genus in having a looplike rib extending ventrally

from the lower horizontal midrib.

Ancohenia, new genus

TYPE-SPECIES.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species, monotypy.

ETYMOLOGY.—The genus is named after the principal collector, Anne Cohen, Smithsonian Institution. Gender: feminine.

DIAGNOSIS OF GENUS.—Carapace of female without incisur and with minute caudal process; infold

of caudal process with few bare bristles; surface

without ridges or ribs.

First Antenna: f- and g-bristles of 8th joint of

female short, clawlike; these bristles on adult male

clawlike proximally, bristle-like distally. New genus

based primarily on the clawlike f- and g-bristles of

the female.

Second Antenna: Endopodite of adult male 3-

jointed.

Mandible: Adult male limb with well-developed

hirsute exopodite; endopodite with stout claw on

each joint; claw on 2nd joint with blunt tip.

Seventh Limb: Fairly well developed on adult

male but with only distal bristles, and terminus

bare.

Lateral Eyes: Present.

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate but short.

Furca: Main Claws 1, 2, 4 joined to lamella;

secondary claws 3, 5, and sometimes 6 separated

from lamella by suture.

Comparisons: The new genus Ancohenia differs

from most previously described genera in the fam-
NUMBER 231

ily in having clawlike f- and g-bristles on the 8th

joint of the female 1st antenna. The distribution of

claws on the furca resembles that of Chelicopia,

Kornicker 1958, but that genus does not have clawlike f- and g-bristles. Anscottiella crispata (Scott,

1905) bears on the 1st antenna stout clawlike c-, fand g-bristles and has only 4 furcal claws.

Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species

FIGURES 5-13

HOLOTYPE.— USNM 151920, adult female on 3

slides and in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Seaward side of Paiko Peninsula, Maunalua Bay, Oahu Island, Hawaii.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from the collecting area.

ALLOTYPE.—USNM 151927, from same sample as

holotype, on 2 slides and in alcohol.

PARATYPES.—Sample 1: USNM 151984, 151921, 2

ovigerous females; USNM 151579, 1 adult male;

USNM 153931, 29 specimens. Sample 2: USNM

153932, 4 specimens.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 5-8).—

Carapace oval in lateral view; slight anteroventral

bulge present representing caudal process (Figures

5, 6a, 8a); anterior margin evenly rounded without indication of incisur.

Ornamentation: Surface with abundant shallow concave fossae with peripheral row of minute

spines (Figures 6e, 7a); surface between fossae

with minute processes and scattered short bristles

(Figure 7a-c); additional longer bristles, some

with broad ringed base, present along valve margins (Figures 6a, Id).

Infold: Infold anterior to caudal process with 3

small bristles near inner margin of infold (Figures

ld,e, 86); 2 flagellate bristles present dorsal to

caudal process (Figures 7d,f, 86).

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with marginal fringe present along anterior, ventral, and

posterior margins.

Central Adductor Muscle Scars: Consisting of

numerous ovoid individual scars (Figure 5).

Size: USNM 151984, length 1.12 mm, height

0.91 mm; USNM 151920, separated left valve,

length 1.19 mm, height 0.99 mm; USNM 151921,

length 1.18 mm, height 0.97 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 8c): First joint bare; 2nd

FIGURE 5.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species, USNM 151921,

para type, ovigerous female, length 1.18 mm.

joint with 1 spinous dorsal bristle; 3rd joint short

with 2 bristles, 1 dorsal, 1 ventral; 3rd joint not

separated from 4th by suture; 4th joint long with

2 bristles, 1 dorsal, 1 ventral; sensory bristle of long

5th joint slender with minute terminal spine; medial bristle of 6th joint small with few marginal

spines. A-bristle of 7th joint stouter and slightly

longer than bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle about

same size as bristle of 6th joint; c-bristle longer

than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 2 minute

proximal filaments and terminal spine. Eighth

joint: d- and e-bristles sensory without filaments,

e-bristle stouter and almost twice length of dbristle; f- and g-bristles claw-like, about same length

as d-bristle, g-bristle slightly longer than f-bristle.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare; endopodite

with terminal thumblike process (2nd joint?) and

2 short proximal bristles (Figure 8d). Exopodite

9-jointed: 1st joint long with recurved medial terminal spine; 2nd joint about twice length of 3rd

joint; joints 3-8 decreasing in size gradually; joint

9 less than twice size of joint 8; bristle of 2nd joint

with 17 slender proximal ventral spines and natatory hairs distally; bristles of joints 3-8 with natatory hairs but without spines; 9th joint with 1 short

bare bristle and 1 long bristle with proximal ventral spines and distal natatory hairs.

Mandible (Figure Se): Coxale with long lateral

hairs along ventral margin; endite consisting of
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 6.—Ancohenia huwailensis, new species, USNM 151920, holotype, adult female, right valve,

outside views: a, lateral view, anterior to right, X 79; b, dorsal view, anterior to right, X 90;

c, posterior view, X 7">; d, anterodorsal view, X 80; e, fossae and hairs near middle of a, X 200.

(Photos reduced to 81 percent for publication.)

stout medial spine near ventral margin. Basale:

medial surface near ventral margin with 3 small

bristles; dorsal margin with 2 stout spines. Endopodite: 1st joint with medial spines and 1 stout

ventral spine just proximal to main claw; 2nd joint

with 1 stout dorsal spine and 1 minute ventral

spine just proximal to main claw; 3rd joint minute,

with dorsal spine and stout ventral spine, both at

base of main claw.

Maxilla (Figure 8/,g): 3 endites present: endite

I witli about 5 bristles, endite II with about 4

bristles, endite III with 6 bristles. Coxale with 1

short anterior bristle; basale with 1 lateral bristle

near exopodite; exopodite with 3 bristles, 1 long,

2 short; 1st endopodite joint with spinous alphaand beta-bristles; 2nd endopodite joint with 2

lateral, spinous, a-bristles, 1 medial b-bristle, and

usual 5 pectinate terminal bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure $h): Epipodial appendage

with 37 bristles; single endite with 1 short bristle.

Exopodite joints fused: 1st joint with 1 or 2 bristles; 2nd joint with 3 or 4 bristles; 3rd joint with 1

short bristle on inner "lobe" and 2 on outer "lobe;"

4th and 5th joints with total of 1 to 3 bristles; surface of exopodite hirsute.

Sixth Limb (Figure Si): 2 distinct endites pres-
NUMBER 231

FIGURE 7.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species, USNM 151920, holotype, adult female, right valve,

outside views: a, fossa and peripheral spines shown in figure 6e (note diatom inside fossa),

X 2300; b, pustules and partly shown bristle in upper right of a, X 2400; c, detail of base of

bristle in lower left of figure 6e, X 3800. Inside views: d, complete valve, anterior to left, X 74;

e, bristles on posteroventral infold, X 550; /, 2 setose bristles on posterior infold, X 2000.

(Photos reduced to 74 percent for publication.)
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURK. 8.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species,TJSNM 151920, holotype, adult female: a, complete

specimen, anterior to left, not all fossae shown; b, infold of left valve showing 2 posterior setose

bristle and postcrovcntral bristles; c, right lateral eye and medial view of right 1st antenna; d,

endopoditc and parts of protopodite and exopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, left

mandible, medial view; /, right maxilla, medial view; g, left maxilla, lateral view; h, 5th limb;

i, left 6th limb, lateral view; /', 7th limb; k, left lamella of furca, Y-sclcrite, and genitalia, lateral

view; /, right lamella of furca, lateral view; MI, medial eye, rod-shaped organ, upper lip; n, right

lateral eye; o, right brushlike organ and genitalia.
NUMBER 231 11

FIGURE 9.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species, USNM 151579,

paratype, adult male, length 0.88 mm.

ent: 1st endite with 3 bare bristles, 2 short, 1 long;

2nd endite with 5 spinous bristles. End joint with

anterior lobe with 7 or 8 spinous bristles, and posterior lobe with 4 spinous bristles; limb hirsute.

Anterior lobe of end joint could be interpreted as

3rd endite.

Seventh Limb (Figure 8;): Proximal group with

4 bristles, 2 on each side; distal group with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; each bristle with 3-6 bells and

without marginal spines; terminus consisting of 3

long curved teeth opposing 2 or 3 small stout

pointed processes forming row.

Furca (Figure 8k,l): Each lamella with 6 claws;

claws 1, 2, 4 united to lamella; claws 3 and 5 separated from lamella by suture; claw 6 may be separated or joined to lamella (holotype with claw 6

separated on right lamella and joined on left lamella); claw 3 much shorter and more slender

than claw 4; tips of claws 1, 2, 4 more rounded

than tips of shorter claws; claws 1-5 with teeth

along posterior margins; claws 2-5 with hairs along

anterior margins; long hairs present on medial

side of right lamella in vicinity of claw 1, on medial side of left lamella in vicinity of claws 4-6, and

on lateral side of left lamella posterior to claws.

Eyes: Lateral eyes pigmented with 4 or 5 ommatidia (Figure 8n). Medial eye pigmented, about

twice diameter of lateral eye (Figure 8m).

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, single jointed

with rounded tip (Figure 8m).

Brushlike Organ: Consisting of about 4 minute

ringed bristles dorsal to genitalia (Figure So).

Upper Lip: Simple curvature with hairs (Figure

8m); triangular process present above lip (Figure

8m).

Posterior of Body: Bare.

Y-shaped Sclerite: Typical for family (Figure Sk).

Eggs: USNM 151920 with 3 large unextruded

eggs; USNM 151984 with 5 eggs in marsupium and

also with unextruded eggs.

Food: USNM 151920 and 151984 with almost

complete crustaceans in gut.

Organisms Attached to Carapace: USNM 151920

with diatoms attached (Figure 7a); USNM 151579

with attached foraminiferan.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 9-13).—

Carapace smaller and more elongate than that of

female, with shallow incisur and truncate posterior

(Figures 9, 10a); in dorsal view male valve slightly

more convex than female (compare Figures 66

and 106).

Ornamentation (Figures lOe,f, lla,b,e): Similar

to that of female.

Infold: Infold in front of narrow caudal process

with 4 small bristles forming row near inner margin of infold (Figure 12b); infold behind shallow

incisur with 1 minute bristle (Figure 12a).

Selvage: Similar to that of female.

Central Muscle Scars: Consisting of about 17 individual ovoid scars (Figure 12c).

Size: USNM 151927, length 0.93 mm, height

0.72 mm; USNM 151579, length 0.88 mm, height

0.70 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 12d): First joint bare;

2nd joint with 1 spinous dorsal bristle; 3rd joint

short, not separated from 4th by suture, with 1

dorsal bristle; 4th joint long with 2 distal bristles,

1 ventral, 1 dorsal; 5th joint wedged between 4th

and 6th; sensory bristle of 5th joint with abundant

basal filaments ringed proximally; sensory bristle

otherwise bare; 6th joint with 1 short, spinous,

medial bristle. Seventh joint: a-bristle short, about

twice length of bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle more

slender than a-bristle but about same length;

c-bristle reaching past tip of sensory bristle of 5th

joint, with 5 short filaments. Eighth joint: d- and

e-bristles bare, d-bristle shorter and more slender

than e-bristle; e-bristle reaching tip of sensory bristle of 5th joint; f- and g-bristles clawlike proximally

but bristlelike with rings distally, both about same
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 10.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species, USNM 151927, allotype, adult male, right valve,

outside views: a, lateral view, anterior to right, X 93; b, dorsal view, anterior to left, X 93;

c, ventral view, anterior to right, X 93; d, anterior view, venter to left, X 120; e, fossae and

bristles near middle of valve in vicinity of adductor muscle attachments, X 200; /, fossae and

bristle just below middle of e, note diatoms in fossae and diatom outline in epicuticle between

fossae, X 1100. (Photos reduced to 75.5 percent for publication.)
NUMBER 231 13

FIGURE 11.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species, USNM 151927, allotype, adult male, right valve,

outside views: a, fossa with peripheral spines from figure lOe, X 3400; b, diatoms adhering to

surface near dorsal margin of valve, X 1760; c, detail of diatom in lower left of b, X 6800;

d, egg case? attached to diatom in c, X 17,600; e, fossa and 2 diatoms, X 1760; /, diatom in fossa,

X 10,000. (Photos reduced to 75 percent for publication.)
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 12.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species, USNM 151927, allotype, adult male: a, anterior

of left valve showing minute bristle on infold; b, 2 setose bristles on posterior infold and bristles

on posteroventral infold of left valve; c, central adductor muscle attachment scars on left valve,

medial view, anterior to right; d, right 1st antenna, medial view; e, endopodite and part of

protopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; /, endopodite and part of protopodite of left

2nd antenna, lateral view; g, exopodite of left 2nd antenna, lateral view; h, right mandible,

medial view; i, exopodite of left mandible, lateral view; /', tip of maxilla; k, tip of 5th limb.
NUMBER 231 15

length as e-bristle; f-bristle with 2 or 3 short filaments, 1 proximal, 1 or 2 distal; g-bristle with 3 or

4 short filaments.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 12e,f): 1st joint with 2 short

proximal bristles; 2nd joint elongate with 2 long

proximal bristles; 3rd joint elongate with 2 short

terminal bristles and terminal ridges; 3rd joint

capable of being reflexed. Exopodite with joint

lengths similar to those of female exopodite (Figure 12g); bristle of 2nd joint with few proximal

long natatory hairs followed by 9 slender spines

and then more natatory hairs; bristles of joints 3-8

with natatory hairs; 9th joint with 1 short bristle

with short marginal spines and 1 long bristle with

natatory hairs; short faint spines forming row

along lateral side of terminal margin of joints 2-A.

Mandible (Figure \2h,i): Coxale endite consisting of small medial spine near ventral margin.

Basale: medial side with 3 short proximal bristles

near ventral margin; ventral margin with 1 short

and 2 long bristles near middle, all bare; dorsal

margin with 3 medium length bristles. Exopodite

consisting of well developed hirsute process (Figure 12i). Endopodite: ventral margin of 1st joint

with 1 stout claw and 2 small bristles, stout claw

with short marginal spines projecting vertically;

ventral margin of 2nd joint with stout terminal

claw with short marginal spines projecting vertically, tip of claw blunt, nozzlelike; a minute medial

bristle may be present distal to base of claw; dorsal

margin of 2nd joint with long midbristle; 3rd joint

with long, bare, curved terminal claw, short ventral bristle, and minute dorsal bristle.

Maxilla (Figure 12;): Appendage reduced; coxale with short anterior bristle; exopodite with 3

bristles; endite and endopodite bristles weakly

developed.

Fifth Limb (Figure \2k): Epipodite with 34

bristles; single endite with 1 short bristle. Endopodite hirsute, joints fused: 1st joint with 2 bristles;

outer lobe of 3rd joint with 2 bristles; inner lobe of

3rd joint and 4th and 5th joints with total of 6

bristles. Limb smaller than that of female.

Sixth Limb (Figure 13a): Limb with 2 endites:

1st endite with 3 bristles; 2nd endite with 5 hirsute

bristles; end joint with 11 hirsute bristles. Limb

differs from that of female in bristles on 2nd endite

and end joint being hirsute and longer.

Seventh Limb (Figure 13b): Long with 4 terminal bristles, 2 on each side; each bristle with 5 or

6 bells but without marginal spines; terminus

blunt with slight depression in middle.

Furca (Figure 13c): Each lamella with 6 claws

as on female furca; differs from that of female in

having 6th claw separated from both lamellae by

suture and in having short spine following 6th

claw; left lamella with long hairs medially following

6th claw.

Eyes (Figure 13d): Lateral eye about twice diameter of eye of female, with 7-9 ommatidia. Medial eye pigmented, slightly larger than that of

female, larger than lateral eye.

Rod-shaped Organ: Short, expanding distally,

with tip roughly rounded (Figure 13d).

Upper Lip: Not observed, but probably similar

to that of female.

Posterior of Body: Bare.

Y-Sclerite: Similar to that of female (Figure 13/).

Copulatory Organ (Figure lSe,f): Complex

clasping organ hanging down on each side of

penis; each clasper consisting of about 3 lobes;

main lobe terminating in sclerotized hook; small

medial sclerotized process present proximal to tip

of hook near 2 short bristles; posterior proximal

lobe with 2 short bristles.

Organisms Attached to Carapace: Diatoms abundant on USNM 151927 (Figures 10/, \\b,c,e,f),

which also bore a diatom with attached unknown

object, possibly an egg case (Figure Wb-d).

CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE Miiller, 1906

CYCLASTEROPINAE Poulsen, 1965

Microasteropteron Poulsen, 1965

TYPE-SPECIES.—Microasteropteron parvnm Poulsen, 1965.

The only species previously referred to this genus is the type-species, which was collected off

Thailand at depths of 9 m and 18 m.

Microasteropteron youngi, new species

FIGURES 14-19

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 151580, adult female on

slides and in alcohol.
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13.—Ancohenia hawaiiensis, new species, USNM 151927, allotype, adult male: a, 6th

limb; b, 7th limb; c, right lamella of furca; d, right lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ;

e, copulatory organ, anterior to right; /, posterior of body showing copulatory organ and left

Y-sclerite, anterior to left.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Sample 1, between reef and

Paiko Peninsula, Maunalua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named after one of

the collectors, Dr. Richard Young.

PARATYPES.—USNM 153933, 1 A- l female, and

USNM 153934, 2 very early instars, all from sample 2, same locality as holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 14-19).

—Carapace oval in lateral view with small shallow

incisur and slightly overhanging rostrum (Figures

14, 15a); 2 lateral low ribs present, 1 near dorsal

margin, other near ventral margin; these terminate

posteriorly in small rounded process; a convex low

vertical rib with small rounded process near middle

connects with posterior ends of horizontal ribs

forming together with them a U-shaped ridge; a

small rounded process present in posterodorsal

corner of valve dorsal to small process at posterior

end of upper rib; middle of each valve with sinus

in dorsal half; carapace widest posteriorly in vicinity of processes at ends of lower horizontal ribs;

carapace longest and highest at middle.

Ornamentation: Surface with numerous shallow

dish-bottomed fossae (Figures 15, \6b,c); minute

pustulae, less abundant within fossae, visible with

SEM magnifications (Figures 15/, 16).

Pores: Long bristles emerging from open pores

with low lip, sparsely distributed over valve surface (Figures \5e,f, 16a); small pore present near

base of some of these bristles (Figure 16a); smaller

bristles emerging from closed pores also sparsely

distributed; some minute pores without bristles

also present (Figure 16e).

Infold: Posteroventral infold with 2 stout easily

visible bristles (Figures \7a,b,d,f, 19 b,c); 1 flagellate bristle present just proximal and dorsal to base

of each stout bristle (Figures Ylc-e, 18a, 19b,c); a

3rd flagellate bristle with more numerous and
NUMBER 231 17

slender branches present dorsal to uppermost stout

bristle (Figures \lb,c, 19 b,c); upper stout bristle

with 1 minute bristle just outward from base, lower

stout bristle with 2 minute bristles just outward

from base (Figure lie); 11 minute bristles forming groups of 1 to 4 bristles present on posteroventral infold (Figure \9b); infold above shallow

incisur with 8 long bristles forming row parallel to

anterodorsal margin (Figure 19a).

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with marginal fringe present along anterior, ventral, and

posterior margins of valves.

Central Muscle Scars (Figures 15d, 17a, 18 b-d):

Consisting of cluster of about 12 individual oval

scars; scar area reflected on outside of each valve

by boss with 12 round fossae (Figure 15d).

Size: USNM 151580, length 0.73 mm, height

0.52 mm.

First Antenna (Figure \9d-f): First joint with

short, distal, medial spines near ventral margin and

long hairs laterally near ventral margin; 2nd joint

with dorsal and ventral hairs and 2 spinous dorsal

bristles; 3rd joint short with 2 short spinous dorsal

bristles and 1 minute ventral bristle (not seen with

certainty); 4th joint with 2 terminal spinous bristles, 1 short dorsal, 1 long ventral; 4th joint with 2

long hairs ventrally; 5th joint with long hairs on

lateral surface and long bare sensory bristle; sensory bristle with strong widely spaced rings proximally, weak narrowly spaced rings distally, with

conelike tip; 6th limb with minute, terminal, medial bristle. Seventh joint: a- and b-bristles bare

about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint;

c-bristle bare, slightly longer than sensory bristle.

Eighth joint: d-bristle absent; e-bristle bare, bristlelike, about same length as a-bristle but more

slender; f-bristle bare, with proximal part oriented

slightly dorsal, about same length as a-bristle;

g-bristle bare, slightly longer than other bristles of

joints 7 and 8.

Second Antenna (Figure 19g): Protopodite with

medial hairs near dorsal margin and with long

distal medial bristle; endopodite consisting of slight

bulge without bristles. Exopodite 9-jointed: 1st

joint with minute, medial, terminal spine; bristles

of joints 2 and 3 with proximal slender ventral

spines and distal natatory hairs; bristles of joints

4-8 with natatory hairs; 9th joint very small, with

single natatory bristle.

Mandible (Figure ]9h,i): Coxale endite with

FIGURE 14.—Microasteropteron youngi, new species, USNM

151580, holotype, adult female, length 0.73 mm.

few minute spines near base of ventral branch

(Figure 19/*); ventral branch with about 4 oblique

rows of spines and 3 small terminal teeth; ventral

margin of dorsal branch with small tooth just distal

to tip of ventral branch, and 1 single and 2 double

teeth proximal to small main spine; tip of dorsal

branch hirsute and truncate with 2 spinous bristles, 1 near middle, 1 at dorsal edge; dorsal margin

of branch serrate distally. Basale: endite with 3

pectinate end bristles, 1 dwarf bristle, and 1 triaenid bristle with 10 pairs of teeth distal to about

8 pairs of smaller teeth; ventral margin of basale

with 1 triaenid bristle similar to that on endite and

1 long spinous bristle, both near middle of margin;

dorsal margin with 2 terminal bristles; medial surface with proximal spines near dorsal margin. Exopodite very short with 2 terminal bristles, 1 short,

1 extending past distal margin of 1st endopodial

joint. Endopodite: ventral margin of 1st joint with

3 long spinous bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd joint

with 5 bristles, 1 proximal, 4 terminal; medial surface with long spines forming rows; end joint with

5 bristles, 4 long, 1 short; medial surface with

spines forming rows.

Maxilla (Figure 19;): Tip of epipodite missing

on specimen examined; dorsal margin of basale

with 1 long bristle with few long marginal hairs;

ventral margin of basale with 1 minute bristle near

middle and 1 long spinous terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint spinous, with long bare betabristle; 2nd joint with 3 long bare terminal bris-
18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 15.—Microasteropteron youngi, new species, USNM 151580, holotype, adult female, left

valve, outside views: a, lateral view, X 150; b, dorsal view, anterior to right, X 150; c, anterior

view, venter to right, X 200; d, adductor muscle scar area, from a, X 635; e, dorsal margin just

anterior to middle, from b, X 730; /, surface bristles, from a, X 2100. (Photos reduced to 77:5

percent for publication.)
NUMBER 231 19

FIGURE 16.—Microasteropteron youngi, new species, USNM 151580, holotype, adult female, left

valve, outside views: a, bristle and pore on valve surface (note hole in bristle near base), X 11,000;

b, c, fossae near bottom of figure I5d, X 3750; d, pustules near middle of fossae in c, X 11,000;

e, pore and bristle in upper right of c, X 11,000; /, elongate,pustules near dorsal margin of valve,

from figure, \2e, X 10,000. (Photos reduced to 77 percent for publication.)
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 17.—Microasteropteron youngi, new species, USNM 151580, holotype, adult female, left

valve, inside views: a, medial view, X 100; b, posterior infold, from a, X 1000; c, upper setose

bristle near top of infold shown in b, X 4000; d, base of upper bristle in b, note tubular bristle

in front of main bristle, X 5000; e, short tubular bristles and setose bristle near base of lower

bristle in b, venter in photo towards left, X 3500; /, tip of lower bristles in b, note numerous

tubes forming bristle, X 17,600. (Photos reduced to 74 percent for publication.)
NUMBER 231 21

FIGURE 18.—Microasteropteron youngi, new species, USNM 151580, holotype, adult female, left

valve, inside views: a, base of tubular bristle shown in figure \Td, X 9800; b, central adductor

muscle attachments, from figure 17a, X 55; c, detail of individual muscle attachment near

middle b, X 4160; d, cross-section of muscle near attachment, from b, X 4160. (Photos reduced

to 62 percent for publication.)

ties. Endite could be construed as 1 lobe with 5

bristles, but slight separation between proximal 2

and distal 3 bristles suggests the presence of 2

endites.

Fifth Limb (Figure \9k): Epipodite with about

49 bristles; hirsute exopodial bristle not reaching

end of comb; 1 short bristle present proximal and

dorsal to base of exopodial bristle; about 21 bristles present along ventral margin of comb; dorsal

half of tip of comb with long hairs.

Sixth Limb (Figure 19/): Anterior margin with

3 bristles, 1 proximal, 1 near middle, 1 distal; anteroventral corner with 3 or 4 hirsute bristle; lateral flap hirsute but without bristles; ventral margin of limb with 9 bristles, some hirsute, some with

long proximal and short distal spines; posteroventral corner indistinct on specimen examined,

either bare or with 2 short bristles; limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 19m): Each limb with 8

bristles, 6 proximally, 3 on each side, and 2 terminally, 1 on each side; each bristle with 3 or 4

bells; terminus with 2 large processes and proximally to these 8 spinous teeth, 4 on each side;

microstructure of processes could not be resolved

with light microscope.

Furca (Figure 19n): Each lamella with 7 claws;

claws 1-3 separated by space from claws 4-7; claws

taper distally to fine point; claws 1-4 about same

width at base; claws 5—7 narrower at base than

claw 4.

Eyes: Small darkly pigmented lateral eye without ommatidia (Figure 19o); medial eye pigmented, about 3 times diameter of lateral eye (Figure 19d).

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate widening distally,

with abundant spines on proximal half, tip

rounded (Figure 19d).

Posterior of Body: Thumblike spinous dorsum
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 19.—Microasteropteron youngi, new species, USNM 151580, holotype, adult female, right

valve, inside views: a, anterior margin showing bristles on infold and along margin; b, posterior

infold showing bristles; c, detail of b. Appendages: d medial eye, rod-shaped organ, and medial

view of right 1st antenna; e, tip of left 1st antenna, lateral view; /, distal end of left 1st antenna

showing bases of some bristles and long hairs, lateral view; g, right 2nd antenna, medial view,

tips of exopodial bristles not shown; h, coxale endite of mandible; i, right mandible, lateral view,

coxale endite not shown; ;', right maxilla, medial view; k, comb of left 5th limb showing

exopodial bristles, lateral view; /, left 6th limb, medial view, morphology of posteroventral

corner uncertain; m, 7th limb; n, right lamella of furca; o, lateral eye; p, anterior lobe of upper

lip, anterior to left; q, thumblike dorsum on posterior of animal and tips of 3 gill-like structures.
NUMBER 231 23

TABLE 1.—Comparison of morphological characters of Microasteropteron parvum

Poulsen, 1965, and M. youngi, new species

Morphological character M. parvum

Vs

absent

2

absent

10

4

2

6

absent

bare?

absent

M. youn

same

present

0

present

5

3

3

8

present

spinous

present

First antenna: length of e-bristle of 8th joint relative to length

of a-bristle of 7th joint

Bristle of 6th joint present or absent

Second antenna: Number of bristles on endopodite

Dorsal hairs present or absent on protopodite

Mandible: Number of bristles on 2nd endopodial joint

Maxilla: Number of bristles on last endopodial joint

Sixth limb: Number of bristles on anterior margin

Seventh limb: Number of bristles

Lateral eyes present or absent

Rod-shaped organ spinous or bare

Upper lip, anterior process present or absent

present (Figure I9q).

Gill-like Structures: Small (Figure I9q).

Upper Lip: Consisting of single anterior lobe

with large process with few marginal spines (Figure 19/?), and posterior hirsute lateral flap on

each side of mouth.

DESCRIPTION OF A—1 FEMALE.—Carapace similar

to that of adult female. Size: USNM 153933, length

0.60 mm, height 0.42 mm.

Appendages: Not examined in detail but in

general similar to those of adult female. Furca

with only 6 claws on each lamella.

Comparisons: The new species M. youngi is

compared in Table 1 with the only other species

in the genus, Microasteropteron parvum Poulsen,

1965. Easily discernible differences are the presence

of a lateral eye in M. youngi, the absence of bristles

on the endopodite of the 2nd antenna of M.

youngi, and the presence of 8 rather than 6 bristles

on the 7th limb of M. youngi.
Literature Cited

Brady, G. S., and A. M. Norman.

1896. A Monograph of the Marine and Fresh Water

Ostracoda of North-Western Europe. The Scientific

Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 5(2):621-

684, plates L-LXVIII.

Kornicker, L. S.

1958. Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank.

Publications of the Institute of Marine Science

(The University of Texas), 5:194-300, 89 figures.

1975. Antarctic Ostracoda (Myodocopina) [in two parts].

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 163(2):375-

720, figures 241-432, plates 1-9.

Miiller, G. W.

1906. Die Ostracoden der Siboga-Expedition. Number 30

In Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Dotanisch, Oceanographischen on Geologische Gebied versameld in

Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, 1899-1900, 40 pages, 9

plates. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

1912. Ostracoda. Volume 31 in Das Tierreich. 434 pages,

92 figures. Berlin: Verlag R. Friedlander und Sohn.

Norman, A. M.

1869. Shetland Final Dredging Report, Part II: On the

Crustacea, Tunicata, Polyzoa, Echinodermata, Actinozoa, Hydrozoa, and Porifera. Pages 247-336 in

Report of the Thirty-Eighth Meeting of the British

Association for the Advancement of Science. Norwich.

Poulsen, E. M.

1965. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, 2: Cypridiniformes—Rutidermatidae, Sarsiellidae and Asteropidae. Volume 65

in Dana Report. 484 pages, 156 figures. Copenhagen:

Carlsberg Foundation.

Scott, Andrew

1905. Report on the Ostracoda Collected by Professor

Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. Pages 365-384 in Volume XXII of Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Supplementary Reports.

Sharpe, R. W.

1908. A Further Report on the Ostracoda of the United

States National Museum. Proceedings of the United

States National Museum, 35:399-430, plates L-LXV.

•V U.S. GOV

24
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