West African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)

LOUIS S. KORNICKER

and

FRANCISCA ELENA CARAION

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 241
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 241

African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)

Louis S. Kornicker

and Francisca Elena Caraion

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1977
ABSTRAC T

Kornicker, Louis S., and Francisca Elena Caraion. West African Myodocopid

Ostracoda (Cypridinidae, Philomedidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

number 241, 100 pages, 52 figures, 28 plates, 1 table, 1977.—Eleven species, including 5 new species and 1 new subspecies, in 6 genera in the families Cypridinidae and Philomedidae, collected by the research vessels Thalassa and

Cornide de Saavedra in 1971 from the shelf and slope of Spanish Sahara and

the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, are described and illustrated.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea

cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Kornicker, Louis S. 1919-

West African myodocopid Ostracoda (Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 241)

Bibliography: p.

Includes index.

1. Philomedidae. 2. Paradoloria. 3. Crustacea—Spanish Sahara. 4. Crustacea—Mauritania. I.

Caraion, Francisca Elena, joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 241.

QL1.S54 no. 241 [QL444.085] 591'.08s [595'.33] 76-17590
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Acknowledgments 3

Station Data 4

CYPRIDINIDAE Baird, 1850 5

CYPRIDININAE Baird, 1850 5

Paradoloria Poulsen, 1962 5

fParadoloria species indeterminate 5

PHILOMEDIDAE Muller, 1908 6

Key to the Subfamilies of Philomedidae 6

PHILOMEDINAE Muller, 1908 6

Microstructures 7

Key to the Genera of Philomedinae 8

Philomedes Lilljeborg, 1853 8

Key to the Species of Philomedes of West Africa 9

Key to Adult Females of the Species of Philomedes 9

Philomedes bonneti, new species 9

Philomedes tetradens, new species 15

Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962 19

Key to the Species and Subspecies of Euphilomedes of West Africa 19

Euphilomedes asper (Muller, 1894) 20

Euphilomedes sinister Kornicker, 1974 23

Key to the Subspecies of Euphilomedes sinister 23

Euphilomedes sinister sinister Kornicker, 1974, new status 24

Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies 24

Euphilomedes schornikovi, new species 27

Tetragonodon Brady and Norman, 1896 32

Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady, 1887) 32

Scleroconcha Skogsberg, 1920 40

Scleroconcha folinii (Brady, 1871) 40

PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE Kornicker, 1967 46

Key to the Genera of Pseudophilomedinae 46

Pseudophilomedes Muller, 1893 46

Microstructures 47

Sexual Dimorphism 47

Ontogeny 48

Key to Adult Females of the Species of Pseudophilomedes 48

Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller, 1894 49

Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species 56

Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species 64

Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller, 1894 68

Table 1: World distribution and depth zones of Philomedidae 68

Literature Cited 69

Plates 71

Index 99

West African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)

Louis S. Kornicker

and Francisca Elena Caraion

Introduction

This work reports on the shelf and slope myodocopid Ostracoda of the families Cypridinidae and

Philomedidae collected in bottom trawls by personnel aboard the research vessels Thalassa (12 stations)

and Cornide de Saavedra (2 stations) in the vicinity of Spanish Sahara (4 stations) and Mauritania

(10 stations) (Figure 1). It is the second of three

papers describing the ostracodes collected on the

cruises. The Cylindroleberididae have already been

described (Kornicker and Caraion, 1974); the third

part, which is in preparation, will describe the

families Rutidermatidae and Sarsiellidae.

The Thalassa collection contained 57 specimens

and the Cornide de Saavedra collection contained

19 specimens of Philomedidae. Of these, two juveniles could not be identified at the genus level. The

remaining specimens are referred to 10 species in

five genera. Ten of the species were found off

Mauritania, of which two were also found off Spanish Sahara. One species was found only off Spanish

Sahara. The Cypridinidae were represented in the

collection by only two juveniles, both are referred

questionably to the genus Paradoloria. The two

specimens were found off Mauritania, each vessel

collecting one. The range of latitudes from which

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C. 20560. Francisca Elena Caraion, Institute

of Biological Sciences, Splaiul Independents 296, Bucharest,

Romania.

each species was collected is shown in Figure 2,

and the range of depths in Figure 3.

All specimens identified to the generic level and

retained in the collection of the National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. were assigned USNM numbers (former

United States National Museum). Those deposited

in the Museum of Natural History "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest, Romania, were assigned either

numbers of that museum or USNM numbers; the

latter are enclosed by brackets in the text. Magnifications shown in legends of Plates 1-28 are those

used in taking SEM micrographs. These were reduced for publication; reduction is given at end of

each legend.

Th jnly Philomedidae previously identified from

the otudy area are Scleroconcha folinii (Brady,

1871), Tetragonodon ctenorynchus Brady, 1887, T.

erinaceus Brady and Norman, 1896, Paramekodon

in flatus Brady and Norman, 1896. Streptoleberis

favosa, Brady and Norman, 1896, and 5. rectirostris

Brady and Norman, 1896. Miiller (1912:51) correctly referred to "Cypridinidarum genera dubia et

species dubiae" three of the species: Tetragonodon

erinacens, Streptoleberis favosa, and S. rectirostris.

The three species could not be recognized with certainty among the specimens in the present collection and therefore are left in the category to which

they were referred by Muller. Paramekodon inflatus was not represented in the collection. Specimens of Tetragonodon ctenorynchus and Scleroconcha folinii were present in the collection and are
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

25°

24°

23° >

18°

•25 °

24°

"!•>'/•}:.,''. . SPANISH SAHARA

ETIENNE (NOAOHIBOU)

xo48 "•;• •

• V Sp-Cope Blanco

•X070

X042 "W-::.V. • • ISLAMI C

REPUBLI C

MAURITANI A

19° 18° 17° 16° 15° 14° 13°

FIGURE 1.—Map showing locations of stations containing ostracodes reported upon herein.

(Thalassa station numbers preceded by "X" and Cornide de Saavedra station numbers preceded

by "A.")

redescribed herein. Two species in the family that

have been reported from southern Africa but were

not in the study area are Euphilomedes africanus

(Klie, 1940) and E. komickeri Hartmann, 1974. A

species in the family that has been reported off

Morocco but was not found in the study area is

Philomedes macandrei (Baird, 1848) (Kornicker,

1969b).

Only one species of Cypridinidae has previously

been reported from the study area, Cypridina (?)

bradyi de Folin, 1870. That species was referred to

"Cypridinarum genera dubia et species dubiae," by
NUMBER 241

?PARADOLORIA SPECIES INDETERMINATE

PHILOMEDES BONNETI

PHILOMEDES TETRADENS

EUPHILOMEDES ASPER

EUPHILOMEDES SINISTER PENTATHRIX

EUPHILOMEDES SCHORNIKOVI

TETRAGONODON CTENORYNCHUS

PSEUDOPHILOMEDES ANGULATUS

PSEUDOPHILOMEDES THALASSA

PSEUDOPHILOMEDES TETRATHRIX

SCLEROCONCHA FOLINII

18* I9» 20* 21* 22*

LATITUDE (N)

FIGURE 2.—Latitudinal distribution of species in study area.

23-24* 25"

Muller (1912:50). Kornicker (1975b: 17) believed the

species to belong in the family Cylindroleberididae

but concurred with Muller. Species of Cypridinidae

that have been reported from southern Africa are

"Cypridina" nobilis Cleve, 1905, Azgocypridina

africanus (Stebbing, 1901), Paradoloria dorsoserrata

(Muller, 1908), P. vanhoeffeni (Muller, 1908), P.

capensis (Cleve, 1905), Paravargula arborea (Muller,

1908) and Skogsbergia caudata (Cleve, 1905). The

two specimens, both juveniles, of Cypridinidae in

the present collection have been referred to IParadoloria species indeterminate.

Four species in the present collection have been

reported from other regions: Euphilomedes asper

(Muller, 1894), Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller,

1894, Scleroconcha folinii (Brady, 1871), and Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady, 1887) (Table 1, p.

68). The last species has been reported from the

coast of Africa north of the study area. The other

species have been reported from the Mediterranean

Sea. Scleroconcha folinii has also been reported from

the Atlantic coast of Europe as far north as the

Bay of Biscay. The species Euphilomedes sinister

Kornicker, 1974, has been divided herein into two

subspecies, one off Mauritania and the other both

in the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic in the

vicinity of Europe as far north as Plymouth, England. Adult males of the genera Tetragonodon and

Pseudophilomedes are described herein for the first

time.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank Dr. Mihai

BScescu, Museum of Natural History "Grigore Antipa," for the ostracodes from the Thalassa, and Dr.

Ramon Margalef, Instituto de Investigationes Pesqueras, Barcelona, for the ostracodes from the

Cornide de Saavedra. Mrs. Carolyn Gast rendered

the shaded drawings of carapaces. Mr. Paul Mazer

made most of the initial camera lucida drawings of

appendages and then inked the final drawings. Miss

Maura McManus assisted in final preparation of

figures. Freeze-drying of specimens for photography

was done in the laboratory of Mr. Roland Hower.

The assistance of Walter R. Brown and Miss Mary

J. Mann, who operated the scanning-electron microscope, is acknowledged. The Thalassa cruise was organized and supported by the Institut Scientifique

et Technique de Peche Maritime de France. We

are grateful to Dr. Mihai BScescu and Mrs. Anne

Cohen for criticizing the manuscript.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

7PARADOL0RIA SPECIES INDETERMINATE

PHILOMEDES BONNETI

PHILOMEDES TETRADENS

EUPHILOMEDES ASPER

EUPHILOMEDES SINISTER PENTATHRIX

EUPHILOMEDES SCHORNIKOVI

TETRAGONODON CTENORYNCHUS

PSEUDOPHILOMEDES ANGULATUS

PSEUDOPHILOMEDES THALASSA

PSEUDOPHILOMEDES TETRATHRIX

SCLEROCONCHA FOLINII

O 20 0 40 0 60 0

WATER DEPTH (m)

FIGURE 3.—Depth distribution of species in study area.

8 0 0 1000 1200

Station Data

Research vessel Thalassa, Jan and Feb 1971; collector: Prof. Dr. Mihai (Micael) Bacescu

Station X041; 29 Jan; 20°10'05''N, 17o32'09wW; 52 m; sand;

Bacescu dredge: Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Euphilomedes asper: 1 9 (adult or A-I instar).

Station X042; 29 Jan; 20°10WN, 17°39'00"W; 187 m; mud,

sand; Bacescu dredge: Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Euphilomedes asper: 1 female (adult or A-l instar).

Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species: 1 ovigerous 9 .

Station XO43; 29 Jan; 20o09'08"N, 17°43'01"W; 480 m; mud;

Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Philomedes tetradens, new species: 2 adult $, 1 juvenile 9 •

Station X046; 29 Jan; 20°49'09"N, 17°58'08"W; 1120 m;

sandy mud; Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Tetragonodon ctenorynchus: 4 ovigerous 9. • adult $, 10

adult 9 and juveniles.

Philomedes bonneti, new species: 1 ovigerous 9, 1 adult $.

Station X048; 29 Jan; 20°50/05"N, 17°39'O0"W; 270 m;

mud + sand; BScescu dredge; Islamic Republic of

Mauritania.

Pseudophilomedes angulatus: 1 adult 9. 1 A-l $, 1 juvenile.

Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species: 4 ovigerous 9, 2

adult 9, 1 adult $, 1 A-l $, 3 additional specimens.

Scleroconcha folinii: 1 ovigerous 9 , 1 adult 9, 9 juveniles.

Station X053; 30 Jan; 21°47'00"N. I7°28'02"W; 260 m; sand;

Rullier dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Pseudophilomedes angulatus: 1 A-l $ .

Scleroconcha folinii: 1 specimen.

Euphilomedes schornikovi: 1 A-l $, 1 instar III 9 •

Station X054; 30 Jan; 21°47'00"N, 17°3O'O6"W; 534 m;

mud + sand; Rullier dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Pseudophilomedes angulatus: 1 adult $, 1 A-l $, 1

A-l 9.

Station X055; 30 Jan; 21°45'06"N, 17°39'08"W; 1045 m;

Rullier dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Philomedidae genus indeterminate: 1 early instar.

Station X070; 5 Feb; 20°40'04"N) 17°41'01"W; 170-175 m;

sand and mud from Gorgonacea washings; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

IParadoloria species indeterminate: 1 instar I.

Philomedes tetradens, new species: 1 adult 9 •

Station XO72; 6 Feb; 24°27'09"N, 16°26'00"W; 286-227 m;

sandy mud; BScescu dredge.

Pseudophilomedes angulatus: 1 A-l $, 1 adult $.

Research vessel Cornide de Saavedra, Sep 1971; collector: Dr. Ramon Margalef; collected with a Van

Veen grab on continental shelf of Islamic Republic

of Mauritania

Station A8a, sample 15; 18°44'N, 16°34'W; 150 m.

fParadoloria species indeterminate: 1 instar III.

Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix new species: 2 ovigerous 9 ,

2 adult 9 , 1 A-l $.

Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species: 1 adult $ .

Station AlOb, sample 16; 18°44'N, 16°34'W; 250 m.

Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix (new subspecies): I ovigerous 9 , 1 adult 9. 1 A-I $.
NUMBER 241

CYPRIDINIDAE Baird, 1850

The family Cypridinidae contains two subfamilies, Cypridininae Baird, 1850, and Azygocypridininae Kornicker, 1970. Only the former is represented

in the study area.

CYPRIDININAE Baird, 1850

Only two juveniles in this subfamily were collected. Both are referred questionably to Paradoloria because at their early stage of development they

cannot be separated with certainty from the closely

related genus Skogsbergia Poulsen, 1962.

Paradoloria Poulsen, 1962

Because both specimens collected are very early

instars they were left in open nomenclature as

?Paradoloria species indeterminate.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of this genus have been

reported mostly from the Indo-West-Pacific area,

but three species live in the vicinity of southern

Africa: P. vanhoeffeni (Muller, 1908), P. capensis

(Cleve, 1905), and P. dorsoserrata (Miiller, 1908).

?Paradoloria species indeterminate

FIGURES 4, 5

MATERIAL.—USNM 152828, single instar I, from

Thalassa station X070; USNM 152827, single instar

III, from Cornide de Saavedra station A8a.

DISTRIBUTION.—This taxon was collected only off

Mauritania at depths of 150-175 m.

DISCUSSION.—A small process with 3 spines on

the posterior of the body of both specimens in the

collection has not previously been described on species of either Skogsbergia or Paradoloria, and

should permit the juveniles to be coupled with

adult specimens in future collections from the

study area.

DESCRIPTION OF INSTAR I (Figure 4).—Carapace

with prominant rostrum and narrow caudal process (Figure 4a).

Size: USNM 152828, length 0.94 mm, height 0.64

mm.

FIGURE 4.—Paradoloria species indeterminate, instar I, USNM 152828, length 0.94 mm: a,

complete specimen showing lateral eye; b, endopodite and medial bristle on protopodite of

right 2nd antenna, medial view; c, posterior of body showing right furcal lamella, right 6th

limb, right sclerite, and posterior process with 3 spines; d, lateral view of upper lip, anterior

to right; e, posterior process showing 3 spines and 2 hairs.
6

Second Antenna (Figure 46): Protopodite with

medial bristle. Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint bare,

2nd joint elongate with terminal bristle.

Sixth Limb: Hirsute, without bristles (Figure 4c).

Seventh Limb: Absent.

Furca (Figure 4c): Each lamella with 4 stout claws

followed by 2 minute incipient claws; all claws separated from lamella by suture.

Lateral Eye: Well developed (Figure 4a).

Upper Lip: Undivided anterior part, divided posterior part (Figure 4d).

Posterior of Body: Small process present with 3

spines (Figure Ac,e).

DESCRIPTION OF INSTAR III (Figure 5).—Carapace

with caudal process better developed than on Instar

1 (Figure 5a).

Size: USNM 152827, length 1.31 mm, height 0.64

mm.

Second Antenna: Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure

56): 1 bristle on 1st joint; terminal bristle on 2nd

joint.

Sixth Limb: Well developed with numerous

bristles.

Seventh Limb: Present but without bristles (Figure 5c).

Furca (Figure bd): Each lamella with 8 claws, all

separated from lamella by suture; claw 4 shorter

and more slender than claw 5.

Lateral Eye: Well developed (Figure 5e).

Rod-shaped Organ: Short with terminal node

(Figure be).

Upper Lip: Undivided anterior part and divided

posterior part with small lateral posterior lobe on

each side (Figure be).

Posterior of Body: Small process present with 3

spines (Figure 5/,g).

PHILOMEDIDAE Miiller, 1908

The Philomedidae contain two subfamilies: Philomedinae Miiller, 1908, and Pseudophilomedinae

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Kornicker, 1967. Both are represented in the study

area.

PHILOMEDINAE Muller, 1908

This subfamily is represented in the collections

by four genera: Philomedes Lilljeborg, 1853; Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962, Scleroconcha Skogsberg,

1920, and Tetragonodon Brady and Norman, 1896.

The other members of the subfamily are: Anarthron

Kornicker, 1975; Igene Kornicker, 1975; and Paraphilomedes Poulsen, 1962.

FIGURE 5.—Paradoloria species indeterminate, instar III,

USNM 152827, length 1.31 mm: a, complete specimen

showing lateral eye; b, endopodite of 2nd antenna; c, 7th

limb; d, left lamella of furca and left Y-sderite; e, anterior

of body showing left lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped

organ, anterior process, and upper lip; /, posterior of body

showing posterior process with 3 spines; g, posterior process.

Key to the Subfamilies of Philomedidae

Rod-shaped organ with numerous joints; 2nd exopodite joint of 5th limb of female and juvenile

male with fanglike prolongation PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE

Rod shaped organ with few or numerous joints; 2nd exopodite joint of 5th limb of female and

juvenile male not fanglike (2nd joint of Euphilomedes ferox Poulsen, 1962, resembles those in

Pseudophilomedinae, but rod-shaped organ without numerous joints PHILOMEDINAE
NUMBER 241

MICROSTRUCTURES

The microstructures described below are concerned only with the collected species.

NORMAL PORES.—Philomedes: Only pores with

bristles were observed on the surface of the carapace

of P. bonneti (Plates \b-f, 2b) and P. tetradens

(Plate ba-c). Some of the pores of P. bonneti bearing long bristles have a low circular rim lying just

within the outer edge of the pore structure (Plate

le-f).

Euphilomedes: Only simple pores with short

bristles were observed on E. sinister pentathrix

(Plates 86-/, 96), and with long bristles on E. asper

(Plate 6/).

Tetragonodon: T. ctenorynchus bears simple

pores with bristles and without bristles (Plate lOe).

The latter have a peripheral rim and are in the

middle of pustules (Plate lla,6).

Scleroconcha: S. folinii has simple rimmed pores

bearing long bristles (Plate 15e), and smaller pores

without bristles (Plates 15e,/, 16a). The latter are

separated by a small space from a surrounding rim

(Plate 15/); the rim around some pores forms a

wall having the appearance of a pustule (Plate 16a).

The rim around pores could be a remnant of a

pustule-like wall.

ORNAMENTATION.—Philomedes: P. bonneti bears

small shallow fossae (Plate 16). P. bonneti has a

small projection on the lower corner of the rostrum

(Plate \c,d), whereas, P. tetradens has a much longer

projection in the same place (Plate 5a,6). The surface of P. tetradens bears minute papillae (Plate

5c).

Euphilomedes: E. asper has shallow flat-bottomed

fossae with a raised peripheral rim (Plate 6d,e); the

surface of both the bottom of fossae and the area

between fossae bear minute papillae (Plate 6e). E.

sinister pentathrix has polygonal muri (Plates 7-9),

an upper and lower posterior process on the left

valve (Plates le,f, 8d-/), and peculiar closely packed

ribbed structures, evident mostly on the posterior

part of the shell (Plates Sd-f, 9). The latter may

be formed after death of the animal.

Tetragonodon: T. ctenorhynchus has a finely

papillate surface visible clearly only at magnifications of about 15,000 (Plate 1 la,6).

Scleroconcha: S. folinii bears horizontal ribs (Plate

15a-c), distinct flat-bottomed, shallow fossae (Plate

15d), and minute pustulae and rimmed pores

(Plates 15*,/, 16a).

BRISTLES.—Philomedes: Both P. bonneti and P.

tetradens bear long bristles with broad crenulate

bases (Plates Id-/, 26, 3a,6, 5a,6). but they are

sparsely distributed. Short stout bristles were observed on P. tetradens (Plate 5c); these may also be

on P. bonneti.

Euphilomedes: Long bristles with broad crenulate bases are present on E. asper (Plate 6/). E. sinister pentathrix bears short bristles with bulbous tips

(Plate 8c).

Tetragonodon: T. ctenorhynchus bears both short

bristles and long bristles with broad crenulate bases

(Plate 106-/). The crenulations on the broad base

of the long bristles are discontinuous and bear minute papillae (Plate 10/). These differ from the continuous and non-papillate surface of bristles of

Philomedes (Plate 1/).

Scleroconcha: S. folinii bears long bristles with

broad crenulate bases (Plate 15e). Bristles along

the outer edge of the caudal process have abundant

short marginal hairs (Plate 186,c).

INFOLD.—Philomedes: P. bonneti bears long

spinous bristles on the rostral infold (Plate 3a), short

spinous double bristles parallel to the anteroventral

margin (Plate 36), and short bristles forming groups

along the inner margin of the infold of the caudal

process (Plate 2e). The latter bristles on P. tetradens

are tubular and have open ends (Plate 5d). The

bristles in that position on P. bonneti are also probably tubular. Parallel ribs are present along the

anteroventral infold of P. bonneti (Plate 36).

Tetragonodon: T. ctenorhyncus bears spinous

bristles on the rostral infold (Plate 12a). That species also has ribs paralleling the anteroventral margin (Plate 126). The bristle on the anteroventral

infold below the incisur appears to have a pore

near its middle (Plate 12c). A truncate bristle on

the list of the caudal process is shown in Plate

12d.

Scleroconcha: S. folinii bears spinous bristles on

the rostral infold (Plate 16e,/), and a spinous bristle

at the inner end of the incisur (Plate 16d). Bristles

on the list of the caudal process appear to have

open ends (Plate \7e,f).

SELVAGE.—Philomedes: The lamellar prolongation of the selvage along the rostrum of P. bonneti

bears lateral ribs and a terminal fringe (Plate Id).

The prolongation is divided in the vicinity of the

incisur, with the rostral prolongation overlapping

the prolongation along the lower edge of the in-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

cisur (Plate lc). A similar lamellar prolongation is

present along the rostrum of P. tetradens (Plate

5a).

Euphilomedes: The segmented lamellar prolongation along the rostrum of E. asper is fringed and

overlaps the prolongation along the lower margin

of the incisur (Plate 66). The prolongation along

the rostrum of E. sinister pentathrix is also segmented (Plate Id).

Tetragonodon: The lamellar prolongation along

the lower margin of the rostrum of T. ctenorhynchus is very narrow (Plate 1 Id).

Scleroconcha: The lamellar prolongation along

the lower margin of the rostrum of 5. folinii is

broad and overlaps the prolongation along the

lower margin of the incisur (Plates 15c, 16c). The

prolongation along the ventral margin of the valve

is fringed and bears minute spines along the lateral

surface (Plate 19).

SHELL MUSCLES.—Tetragonodon: The central adductor muscles of T. ctenorhynchus have a segmented appearance and fine lineations running

parallel to the strands (Plate 12/).

Scleroconcha: The central adductor muscles of

S. folinii also have a segmented appearance (Plate

18d,e), and flare where they attach to the valve

(Plate 18/).

SEVENTH LIMB.—This was examined only on the

male Philomedes bonneti (Plate 4). The comb teeth

bear alar projections along each margin, and each

tooth has a terminal pore (Plate 4b-d). The processes opposite the comb have smooth sides, and each

process bears a terminal pore (Plate 4e,f).

LIPS AND MOUTH.—This was examined only on

the female Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus (Plates 13,

I4a,d-f). The upper lip projects anteriorly (Plate

13a). It is broad at the posterior end near the

mouth, tapering anteriorly to a blunt point (Plate

13&). The tip bears several tubelike processes (Plate

13c,d). In ventral view the lower lip is separated

from the upper lip by a narrow crescent-like mouth

(Plates 136, 14d). In that view the lower lip is

roughly oval in shape (Plate 14d), and bears slender

hairs forming rows parallel to the mouth (Plate

14^). Shorter hairs forming rows are present on the

lower lip near the lateral corners of the mouth

(Plate 14/).

ANTERIOR PROCESS OF BODY.—This was examined

only on Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus (Plates \3e,

\4b,c). A single smooth, button-like process is present between the upper lip and the bases of the 1st

antennae (Plate 13e). The process is without pores

(Plate 146,c).

Philomedes Lilljeborg, 1853

Two species of Philomedes were collected: P.

bonneti, new species, and P. tetradens, new species.

The only other species of the genus previously

collected off west Africa is P. macandrei Baird,

1848, which was reported from the west coast of

Morocco by Brady and Norman (1896:662).

The two new species of Philomedes (P. bonneti

and P. tetradens) from the west coast of Africa bring

to six the number of species in this genus having

6 or more elongate pegs opposite the comb of the

7th limb. The other species are P. lilljeborgii (Sars,

1865), a northern species found north of latitude

Key to the Genera of Philomedinae

1. Carapace of female with horizontal ribs (absent or reduced on male); rod-shaped organ

long with 0-17 sutures 2

Carapace without horizontal ribs; rod-shaped organ short conical or long cylindrical with

not more than 1 suture near middle 3

2. Rod-shaped organ with 9-17 sutures Scleroconcha

Rod-shaped organ with wrinkles or few sutures Anarthron

3. Rod-shaped organ conelike Igene

Rod-shaped organ cylindrical 4

4. Carapace with hornlike process near dorsal margin of right valve Paraphilomed.es

Carapace without hornlike process on right valve 5

5. Rod-shaped organ shorter than 1st joint of 1st antenna or absent Tetragonodon

Rod-shaped organ longer than 1st joint of 1st antenna 6

6. Furca with secondary claws between primary claws Euphilomedes

Furca without secondary claws, or with secondary claws following primary claws

Philomedes
NUMBER 241

50°N (Poulsen, 1962:358); P. curvata Poulsen, 1962,

from the West Indies (Poulsen, 1962:355); P. orbicularis Brady, 1907, from the Continental subregion

of Antarctica (Kornicker, 1975a:245), and P. subantarctica Kornicker, 1975, from east of Argentina

between latitudes of 40°-55°S (Kornicker, 1975a:

235).

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of this genus are widespread ranging from the Arctic to Antarctic in the

Atlantic Ocean at depths of intertidal to 3382 m

(Kornicker, 1975:229). Species in the present collection were from off Mauritania at depths of 170-

1120 m.

Philomedes bonneti, new species

FIGURES 6-10; PLATES 1-4

HOLOTYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 288, ovigerous female, length 1.99 mm, right valve and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on 2

slides; right valve gold-plated.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X046.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. Marc

Bonnet, leader of the expedition aboard Thalassa.

ALLOTYPE.—"Gigore Antipa" 289, adult male,

length 2.15 mm, from same station as holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 6-8; Plates

1-4).—Carapace not calcified, with slightly convex

dorsal margin, evenly rounded anterodorsal and

posterodorsal corners, almost straight anterior and

posterior margins except for small caudal process

(Figures 6, la-d; Plates 1-3); ventral margin convex with small swelling near anterior end; distal

margin of rostrum straight with minute protuberance on posterior corner (Figures 6, la; Plate

\c,d); incisur broad with rounded inner end (Figures 6, 7a).

Ornamentation (Figure le; Plates \b-f): Surface

smooth with widely scattered bristles with broad

base and shorter bristles without broad base; bristles

form row along ventral margin and caudal process;

edge of caudal process with 6-10 minute digitations (Figure 7c; Plate 2b,c,f).

Infold (Figure la,c,d; Plates 2d-f, 3): Broad along

anterior and ventral margins and narrow along

posterior margin dorsal to caudal process; infold

on rostrum with 26 bristles, mostly spinous with bifurcate tips; 1 small bristle present on infold posterior to inner end of incisur; anteroventral part

of infold with about 15 striae and 17 spinous

bristles; infold along ventral margin bare; list paralleling inner margin of posteroventral and posterior

infold with about 43 small bristles in groups of 1

to 6 bristles; "pocket" present in infold of caudal

process; anterior margin of pocket with 5 or 6

Key to the Species of Philomedes of West Africa

1. Rostrum with prominent hornlike process on each valve P. macandrei

Rostrum without hornlike process 2

2. Outer edge of caudal process with 6-10 minute digitations, dorsal margin of mandibular

basale with 5 bristles, end joint of 6th limb with 24-25 bristles P. bonneti, new species

Outer edge of caudal process with 4 fairly large teeth, dorsal margin of mandibular basale

with 6 bristles, end joint of 6th limb with 34-41 bristles P. letradens, new species

Key to Adult Females of the Species of Philomedes

(Having 6 or more elongate pegs opposite comb of 7th limb)

1. Outer edge of caudal process with minute digitations or teeth 2

Outer edge of caudal process smooth, without teeth 3

2. Outer edge of caudal process with 6-10 minute digitations, dorsal margin of mandibular

basale with 5 bristles, end joint of 6th limb with 24-25 bristles P. bonneti, new species

Outer edge of caudal process with 4 fairly large teeth, dorsal margin of mandibular basale

with 6 bristles, end joint of 6th limb with 34-41 bristles P. tetradens, new species

3. 7th limb with 10-11 bristles P. UUjeborgii Sars

7th limb with more than 17 bristles 4

4. 2nd joint of endopodite of 2nd antenna with 2 bristles P. curvata Poulsen

2nd joint of endopodite of 2nd antenna with 3 bristles P. orbicularis Brady

2nd joint of endopodite of 2nd antenna with 5 bristles P. subantarctka Kornicker
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 6.—Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore

Antipa" 288. holotype, complete specimen, length 1.99 mm.

small bristles; outer edge of caudal process with 3

minute bristles; posteroventral infold anterior to

caudal process with 2 or 3 bristles near middle.

Selvage (Figure la; Plates \a,c4, Id, 3): Lamellar

prolongation striate, fringed; anteroventral prolongation with additional long hairs with bases on

lateral side.

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of

about 15 individual oval scars (Figure 6).

Size: Holotype, length 1.99 mm, height 1.43 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 7/-/i): 1st joint: medial

hairs and spines. 2nd joint: short spines forming 7

or 8 rows on lateral surface near dorsal margin,

and short row of stouter spines forming single row

on lateral surface near terminal dorsal corner (Figure 7h); 3 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal, 1 lateral),

each with long middle and short distal spines. 3rd

joint: 1 ventral bristle with short marginal spines

and 3 dorsal bristles (2 long with long middle and

short distal spines, 1 short with short marginal

spines). 4th joint: 1 dorsal bristle with long middle

and short distal spines, and 4 ventral bristles (2

long, 1 medium, 1 short), all with long middle and

short distal spines. 5th joint: sensory bristle with

5 short proximal filaments and 5 short terminal filaments including stem. 6th joint: medial bristle

about two-thirds length of a-bristle, with long middle and short distal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle with

long middle and short distal spines; b-bristle about

twice length of a-bristle, with 1 short proximal filament and 3 short terminal filaments; c-bristle about

same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with

3-5 short proximal filaments and 5 short terminal

filaments including tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles

bare, about same length as c-bristle; f-bristle about

same length as c-bristle, with 4 short proximal filaments and 4 short terminal filaments including

stem; g-bristle about same length as c-bristle, with

3 short proximal filaments and 5 short terminal

filaments including stem.

Second Antenna (Figure li): Protopodite bare.

Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint with 5 short, bare,

proximal bristles, and 1 short distal bristle with

few short hairs; 2nd joint with 1 recurved bare

terminal bristle and 3 ventral bristles (proximal of

these long, with long middle and short distal spines;

middle bristle short with short marginal spines;

distal bristle with few long middle spines and

short distal spines). Exopodite: 1st joint with short

medial spine; joints 2-8 with short spines forming

row near terminal margin and short basal spines increasing in length on distal joints; basal spine on

joint 8 one-half to three-fourths length of ventral

margin of 9th joint; bristle of joint 2 reaching well

past 9th joint and with 2 minute ventral spines

near middle of bristle; bristles of joints 3-5 bare,

slightly longer than bristle of 2nd joint; bristles of

joints 6-8 and 4 long bristles of 9th joint broken,

with natatory hairs near tip of stump; 9th joint

with 2 unbroken, short, dorsal bristles with long

middle and short distal hairs, and 1 unbroken, very

short bare dorsal bristle; 9th joint without lateral

spine.

Mandible (Figure If): Coxale endite bifurcate,

spinous, with minute bristle near base. Basale: medial side with 6 proximal bristles near ventral margin (3 unringed, pectinate, 3 ringed, with long middle and short distal spines); lateral side with 5

bristles forming row near ventral margin, each with

long middle and short distal spines; ventral margin

with 3 distal bristles with long middle and short

distal spines; dorsal margin with 3 bristles in addition to 2 terminal bristles, all with long middle

spines, some with very short distal spines or without distal spines. Exopodite and endopodite similar

to those of Philomedes lilljeborgii (Sars, 1865) (see

Skogsberg, 1920: fig. 11).

Maxilla (Figure Sa-c): Similar to that of P. lilljeborgii (see Skogsberg, 1920:408). Distal margin of

basale with 4 bristles of which 2 form pair near

anterior corner.
NUMBER 241 11

FIGURE 7.—Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore Antipa" 288, holotype, length

1.99 mm: a, incisur and part of rostrum of left valve, medial view, anterior to right; b, caudal

process of left valve, lateral view; c, part of caudal process of left valve, medial view; d,

caudal process of left valve, medial view; e, hairs on outside surface of valve; /, right 1st antenna,

lateral view; g, tip of 1st antenna shown in /; h, anterodorsal corner of 2nd joint of right 1st

antenna, lateral view; i, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, coxale, basale, and

exopodite of left mandible, medial view.

Fifth Limb: Similar to that of Philomedes globosa (Liljeborg, 1853) [ = Philomedes brenda (Baird,

1850), Sylvester-Bradley, 1950] (see Skogsberg, 1920:

388) and P. lilljeborgii (see Skogsberg, 1920:407,

fig. 12).

Sixth Limb (Figure 8d): Similar to that of P.
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

globosa (see Skogsberg, 1920:390); limbs of holotype with 24 or 25 bristles on end joint.

Seventh Limb (Figure Se): Similar to that of P.

lilljeborgii (see Skogsberg, 1920:407, 408, figs. 13,

14), except with only 4 proximal bristles, 2 on each

side.

Furca: Similar to that of P. lilljeborgii (see Skogsberg, 1920:409, fig. 15).

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, 1-jointed with

rounded tip (Figure 8/).

Eyes: Medial eye bare, eye of holotype without

black pigment (Figure 8/); lateral eye weak, diffi-

\

FIGURE 8.—Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore Antipa" 288, holotype: a, endites

of maxilla; b, left maxilla, lateral view, (terminal endite bristles, the 3 bristles of exopodite,

and bristles of 2nd endopodite joint not shown); c, sketch of distal part maxilla; d, left 6th

limb, medial view; e, 7th limb: /, anterior of body showing right lateral eye, medial eye

and rodshaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip; g, posterior of body showing Y-sclerite,

right genital organ, and anal track and opening.
NUMBER 241 13

cult to see, with numerous minute oval bodies

(cells?) (Figure 8/).

Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped, hirsute, with several

anterior processes (Figure 8/).

Anterior and Posterior of Body: Rounded knob

present between medial eye and upper lip (Figure

8/). Posterior of body just dorsal to furca hirsute.

Y-Sclerite: Normal for genus (Figure 8g).

Genitalia: Small oval structure anterior to anus

(Figure 8g).

Eggs: Holotype with 8 eggs in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE (Figures 9, 10; Plate 4).—

Carapace slightly longer than that of female but

not as high (Figure 9); incisur more open than that

of female; protuberances on posterior corner of

rostrum and along anteroventral margin absent.

Ornamentation: Similar to that of female carapace except with more long bristles with broad

bases present near posterior of each valve.

Infold: Similar to that of female.

Size: Allotype, length 2.15 mm, height 1.16 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 10a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: spines forming rows near distal dorsal and

ventral margins and near terminal margin of

medial surface; lateral surface with long hairs

forming rows distally; 3 bristles (1 ventral with long

middle and short distal spines; 1 dorsal and 1 medial, both with only short marginal spines). 3rd

joint: short spines forming rows on medial surface

and 4 bristles (3 dorsal, 1 very short, with short marginal spines, 2 longer with long middle and short

distal spines; and 1 ventral with long middle and

short distal spines, the base of this bristle actually

on medial side of terminal margin). 4th joint: 5

FICURF. 9.—Philomedes bonneti, new species, male, ''Grigore

Antipa" 289. allotype, complete specimen, length 2.15 mm.

bristles (1 dorsal with long middle and short distal

spines, and 4 ventral bristles with bases on medial

surface; outer and inner bristles shorter than middle bristles and with long middle and short distal

spines; long middle bristles with only short marginal spines). 5th joint: minute, triangular; sensory

bristle with abundant filaments along broad proximal part and 5 terminal filaments. 6th joint: medial

bristle with base near dorsal margin and with long

middle and short distal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle

about same length as bristle of 6th joint, with

short marginal spines; b-bristle less than twice

length of a-bristle, with 3 marginal and 4 terminal

filaments including stem; c-bristle extremely long,

with 12 or 13 marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare with blunt tips; d-bristle about 3

times length of a-bristle; e-bristle about 4 times

length of a-bristle; f-bristle same length as c-bristle,

with 12 marginal filaments; g-bristle slightly longer

than b-bristle, with 3 marginal and 5 terminal filaments including stem.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure l0b,c): 1st joint with 5 short, bare,

proximal bristles and 1 short spinous distal bristle;

2nd joint elongate with 3 spinous bristles at middle of ventral margin; 3rd joint elongate, reflexed

on 2nd, with 2 small subterminal bristles and tip

with about 5 toothed ridges. Exopodite: 1st joint

with short medial spine; 2nd joint with spines

forming row along distal margin and bare ventral

bristle reaching 5th joint; 3rd joint longer than

2nd, with spines forming row along distal margin;

bristles of joints 3-8 and long bristles of 9th joint

with natatory hairs; joints 3-8 with basal spines

increasing in length on distal joints; basal spine

on joint 8 about one-half length of joint 9; joint 9

and its bristles obscure on appendage examined.

Mandible (Figure \0d,e): Coxale endite small,

bifurcate, with minute bristle near base (Figure

lOd). Basale: medial side with 5 proximal bristles

(3 non-annulate, 2 annulate), all with slender marginal spines (not pectinate); medial side near middle with 1 slender bristle with long middle and

short distal spines; lateral side with 4 bristles

forming row almost on ventral margin, all with

long middle and short distal spines; ventral margin

with 2 distal bristles with long middle and short

distal spines; dorsal margin with 3 bristles in addition to 2 terminal bristles, all with long middle

spines, lateral bristle of terminal pair about same
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

length as exopodite; medial surface of basale

spinous. Exopodite similar to that of female except

both bristles with only short marginal spines. Endopodite similar to that of female, except proximal

FIGURE 10.—Philomedes bonneti, new species, adult male, "Grigore Antipa" 289, allotype: a,

left 1st antenna, medial view; b, c, proximal and distal parts of endopodite of right 2nd

antenna, medial view; d, coxale endite of left mandible; e, distal part of right mandible, medial

view; /, exopodial bristles of 5th limb; g, right lateral eye, medial eye and proximal part of

rod-shaped organ; h, anterior part of upper lip and anterior process; i, copulatory appendages.
NUMBER 241 15

group of bristles on dorsal margin of 2nd joint with

only 4 bristles, and bristles in distal group with

only short marginal spines.

Maxilla: Appendage slightly smaller than that

of female; distribution of bristles also similar except

that most are hirsute.

Fifth Limb (Figure 10/): Similar to that of

Philomedes globosa (Liljeborg, 1853) described by

Skogsberg (1920:391, fig. 15).

Sixth Limb: Endite I with 1 medial and 2 terminal bristles; endite II with 1 medial and 3

terminal bristles; endites III and IV with 1 medial

and 8 terminal bristles; end joint with 18 bristles;

3 hirsute epipodial bristles present; most bristles on

appendage with long hairs either proximal or all

along margin except near tip.

Seventh Limb, Rod-shaped Organ, Upper Lip

(Figure lOh), Anterior, Posterior, Y-Sclerite: Similar to that of female.

Furca: Similar to that of female except with

only 9 claws.

Eyes: Medial eye similar to that of female (Figure 10g); lateral eye larger than medial eye, with

about 29 ommatidia (Figure lOg).

Heart: Well-developed, tapering slightly towards

posterior.

Copulatory Organ: Elongate with 2 or 3 lobes at

tip (Figure lOi).

COMPARISONS.—The female of the new species,

P. bonneti, closely resembles the female of Philomedes lilljeborgii (Sars, 1865) described by Skogsberg (1920:402), but differs from that species as

follows: posterior edge of caudal process with

minute digitations; dorsal margin of mandibular

basale with 5 instead of 6 or 7 bristles; 7th limb

with 9 instead of 10 or 11 bristles.

Philomedes tetradens, new species

FIGURES 11-13; PLATE 5

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 150289, 1 adult female,

length 2.16 mm; in alcohol and on slides.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X043.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from the

Latin tetra (four) and dens (tooth), in reference to

the 4 teeth on the margin of the caudal process of

the carapace.

PARATYPES.—"Grigore Antipa" 297, 1 juvenile

female from station X043; USNM 156598. 1 adult

female from station X043; USNM 156600, 1 adult

female from station X070.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 11, 12a,6,

d-h. 13; Plate 5).—Carapace not calcified, with

slightly convex dorsal margin, evenly rounded anterodorsal and posterodorsal corners, rounded anterior and posterior margins except for small caudal

process (Figures 11, \2a,b,d,e; Plate 5a,b); ventral

margin convex with small swelling near anterior

end; distal margin of rostrum straight with protuberance on posterior corner (Figure I2a,d; Plate

5a,b); incisur broad with rounded inner end (Figures 11, I2d); distal end of caudal process with 4 or

5 teeth, upper tooth medial to valve edge.

Ornamentation: Surface smooth with widely scattered bristles with broad basal parts and shorter

bristles without broad bases (Plate ba-c); slender

bristles form row along ventral margin and caudal

process.

Infold: Broad along anterior and ventral margins

and narrow along posterior margin dorsal to caudal

process; infold on rostrum with 23 bristles, mostly

spinous with bifurcate tip (Figure 12d); 1 small

bristle present on infold posterior to inner end of

incisur; anteroventral part of infold with about 11

striae and 13-15 short bristles; infold along ventral

margin bare; list paralleling inner margin of

posteroventral and posterior infold with about 67

minute bristles in groups of 1 to 6 bristles (Figure

\2b,e; Plate 5d); "pocket" present in infold of caudal process; anterior margin of pocket with 6-8

small bristles (Figure \2b,e); outer edge of caudal

process with 5 short bristles (Figure

FIGURE 11.—Philomedes tetradens, new species, female, USNM

156598, paratype, complete specimen, length 2.20 mm.
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 12.—Philomedes tetradens, new species, female, USNM 156600, paratype, length about

2.2 mm: a, rostrum of right valve showing lateral process and lamellar prolongation of

selvage, medial view; b, caudal process of right valve, medial view. A-l female instar, "Grigore

Antipa" 297, paratype: c, tip of caudal process of right valve, lateral view. Female, USNM

150289, holotype: d, incisur and part of rostrum of left valve, medial view; e, caudal process

of left valve, medial view; /, left 1st antenna, medial view; g, endopodite of right 2nd antenna,

medial view; h, right mandible, medial view.
NUMBER 241 17

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation striate, fringed

(Figures 11, \2.a,d; Plate 5a).

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of

about 15 individual oval scars, and 3 elongate scars

that may consist of 3 or 4 fused oval scars (Figure

11).

Size: USNM 150289, length 2.16 mm, height 1.46

mm; USNM 156598 length 2.20 mm, height 1.49

mm; USNM 156600, valve torn, length about

2.2 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 12/): 1st joint: cluster of

lateral spines in distodorsal corner. 2nd joint: long

spines forming 7 rows along dorsal margin, a single

row proximally on medial surface, and a single

row on lateral surface in distodorsal corner; 3

bristles (1 dorsal, bare or with short marginal

spines, 1 ventral and 1 lateral, each with long

spines near middle). 3rd joint: 4 bristles (1 ventral,

3 dorsal). 4th joint: 5 bristles (1 dorsal, 4 ventral).

5th joint: sensory bristle with 5 short marginal

filaments and 4 short terminal filaments including

tip. 6th joint: medial bristle about two-thirds

length of a-bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle with long

middle and short distal spines; b-bristle longer than

a-bristle, with 0 or 1 marginal filaments and 3 or 4

short terminal filaments including stem; c-bristle

about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint,

with 3-5 marginal filaments and 5 terminal filaments including stem. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles

bare, about same length as c-bristle; f-bristle about

same length as c-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments

and 4—5 terminal filaments including stem; g-bristle

about same length as c-bristle, with 3 marginal

filaments and 5 terminal filaments including stem.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

2-jointed (Figure 12g): 1st joint with 5 short, bare,

proximal bristles, and 1 short distal bristle with

few short hairs; 2nd joint with 1 recurved bare

terminal bristle and 4 ventral bristles (proximal

of these long, with long middle and short distal

spines; remaining bristles short with short marginal

spines). Exopodite: 1st joint with short medial

spine; joints 2-8 with short spines forming row

near terminal margin and short basal spines

increasing in length on distal joints; basal spine

on joint 8 one-half to three-fourths length of ventral margin of 9th joint; bristle of joint 2 reaching

well past 9th joint and with 2 minute ventral spines

near middle of bristle; bristles of joints 3-5 bare,

slightly longer than bristle of 2nd joint; bristles of

joints 6-8 and 4 long bristles of 9th joint with

natatory hairs; 9th joint with 2 short, dorsal

bristles with long middle and short distal hairs, and

1 very short bare dorsal bristle; 9th joint without

lateral spine. No natatory bristles broken on adult

females USNM 150289 and 156598.

Mandible (Figure I2h): Coxale endite bifurcate,

spinous, with minute bristle near base. Basale:

medial side with 6 proximal bristles near ventral

margin (3 unringed, pectinate; 3 ringed, with long

middle and short distal spines); lateral side with 5

bristles near ventral margin (proximal 1 or 2 of

these have bases on ventral margin); distal ventral

margin with 2 bristles, all with long middle and

short distal spines; dorsal margin with 4 bristles

in addition to 2 terminal bristles; medial surface

with long hairs forming rows on ventral half.

Exopodite hirsute with 2 subterminal bristles (proximal bristle longer than distal bristle, with long

middle spines and short distal spines; distal bristle

with few long middle spines). Endopodite: 1st joint

with 4 ventral bristles and few short spines along

dorsal margin; 2nd joint with 2 groups of 6 bristles

each on dorsal margin and 2 groups of 3 distal

bristles each on ventral margin (1 of the bristles

considered here to be in anterior group actually

between the groups), medial surface of 2nd joint

spinous; end joint with 3 claws and 3 bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 13a): Precoxale with epipodial

fringe along dorsal margin. Coxale with stout

plumose dorsal bristle. Endite I with 10 bristles;

endite II with about 5 bristles; endite III with

about 10 bristles. Basale: ventral margin with 2

long bristles (1 medial, 1 lateral), medial side with

3 short slender bristles near dorsal margin. Exopodite: 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short). Endopodite: 1st

joint spinous, with 1 spinous a-bristle and 4 /?-

bristles, some with short marginal spines; end joint

with 3 pectinate clawlike bristles in addition to

about 8 slender ringed bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 136): Epipodial appendage

with 56 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with 1 short

stout spinous bristle in outer distal corner, anterior

bristles obscure on limb examined, main tooth

with 3 pectinate teeth and proximal bare peg,

anterior part of distal tooth with 2 large prongs,

spinous bristle present proximal to peg: 2nd joint

with large squarish tooth with 2 digitate teeth on

inner margin, posterior side with proximal bristle

(bristle not reaching tip of middle of 3 distal bris-
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ties), and usual group of 3 distal bristles (middle

bristle much longer than bristle on each side); 3rd

joint with 2 bristles on outer lobe and 3 on inner

lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused, with 6 spinous

bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 13c): Epipodial appendage

consisting of 4 or 5 hirsute bristles; endite I with

2 medial and 1 terminal bristle; endite II with 1

medial and 3 terminal bristles; endites III and IV

with 1 medial and 8 terminal bristles; end joint

with 34-41 bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 13d): Proximal group with

4 bristles (2 on each side); terminal group with 5

bristles (2 on comb side, 3 on peg side); each bristle

with up to 7 bells and distal marginal spines;

terminus with comb of about 12 teeth opposite 6 or

7 pegs.

Furca: Each lamella with 10 claws similar to furca

\

FICURE IS.—Philomedes tetradens, new species, female, USNM 150289, holotype: a, right maxilla,

medial view; b, tip of left 5th limb, posterior view: c, left 6th limb, medial view; d, 7th limb.
NUMBER 241 19

of P. lilljeboigii (see Skogsberg, 1920:409, fig. 15).

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, 1- or 2-jointed with

rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye bare; lateral eye not observed.

Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped, hirsute, with anterior

processes.

Anterior and Posterior of Body: Rounded knob

present between medial eye and upper lip. Posterior

of body just dorsal to furca hirsute.

Y-Sclerite: Typical for genus.

Genitalia: Small oval structure anterior to anus.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE.—Carapace similar

to that of adult female, except edge of caudal

process with 5 teeth (Figure 12c).

Size: "Grigore Antipa" 297, length 1.88 mm,

height 1.22 mm.

First Antenna: Not examined in detail but in

general similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: 2nd endopodial joint with 1

long and 2 short ventral bristles and 1 recurved

terminal bristle; bristles of exopodite short, bare;

remaining part of limb not examined in detail.

Mandible: Dorsal margin of basale with 5 bristles, remaining part of limb not examined in detail

but in general similar to those of adult female.

Fifth and 6th Limbs: Not examined in detail but

in general similar to those of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Each limb with 4 proximal and 5

distal bristles; each bristle tapering distally (a juvenile character); terminus not examined in detail

but in general similar to that of adult female.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws, otherwise

similar to lamellae of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ, Eyes, Upper Lip, Anterior

and Posterior of Body: Not examined in detail, but

similar in general to those of adult female.

COMPARISONS.—The new species P. tetradens differs from P. bonneti in having 4 or 5 teeth on the

outer edge of the caudal process rather than the

more numerous (6-10) much smaller digitations on

the edge of the caudal process of P. bonneti. The

protuberance on the posterior corner of the rostrum

on the carapace of P. tetradens is much longer than

that of P. bonneti. The dorsal margin of the basale

of the mandible of P. tetradens bears 6 bristles

compared to 5 on P. bonneti. The end joint of the

6th limb of P. tetradens bears more bristles than

that of P. bonneti. Comparisons of some characters

of adult females of P. tetradens, P. bonneti, and

P. lilljeborgii are as follows:

tetradens

Carapace length

of female

(mm) 2.16-2.20

Edge of caudal

process 4-5 teeth

Protuberance on

posterior margin

of rostrum

Number of bristles

on 2nd joint of

endopodite of

2nd antenna

Number of bristles

on dorsal margin

of basale of

mandible

Number of bristles

on end joint

of 6th limb

Number of bristles

on 7th limb

large

bonneti

1.99

6-10 minute

digitations

small

4(always?)

lilljeborgii

2.15-2.6

smooth

small

34-41 24-25

6-7

28-33

10-11

Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962

Three species of Euphilomedes were collected:

E. asper (Miiller, 1894), E. sinister pentathrix, new

subspecies, and E. schornikovi, new species. A supplementary description is also given of E. sinister

sinister based on specimens collected in Plymouth

Sound, England, by Dr. Eric Robinson. The other

species of Euphilomedes previously collected off

Key to the Species and Subspecies of Euphilomedes of West Africa

1. Left valve with posterodorsal spine E. sinister pentathrix, new subspecies

Left valve without posterodorsal spine 2

2. Each lamella of furca with 6 claws E. schornikovi, new species

Each lamella with 10 or 11 claws 3

3. Posterior margin rounded E. africanus

Posterior margin truncate 4

4. Furcal claw 6 a primary claw E. kornickeri

Furcal claw 6 a secondary claw E. asper
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

west Africa are: E. africanus Klie, 1940, and E.

kornickeri Hartmann, 1974.

DISTRIBUTION.—This genus is widely distributed

between the latitudes 63°N and 46°S, mostly inhabiting shallow water. Males are often collected

in plankton. Species in the present collection were

from Spanish Sahara and Mauritania at depths of

52-260 m.

Euphilomedes asper (Miiller, 1894)

FIGURES 14-16; PLATE 6

Philomedes aspera Miiller, 1894:210, pi. 3: figs. S. 17. 21. pi.

8: fig. 1; 1912:26. 27 [key, diagnosis].

Philomedes foveolata.—Brady and Norman, 1896:659, pi. 56:

figs. 4. 5 [not Miiller. 1894].

Ph. (Ph.) aspera (Miiller).—Skogsberg, 1920:351.

Euphilomedes aspera (Miiller).—Poulsen, 1962:362, 363 [key].

Euphilomedes asper (Miiller).—Kornicker, 1967:18, figs. 9, 10,

lla-d, 12 [supplementary description]; 1974:14, fig. 5 [supplementary description].

LECTOTYPE.—Adult male in the Zoological Museum of Berlin (ZMB 9152: 1).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.—USNM 154193, 1 female from

Thalassa station X042; USNM 156632, 1 female

from Thalassa station X041.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Adult

or A-l instar).—Carapace with broad rostrum and

incisur and truncate posterior (Figures 14, 15a;

Plate 6a-c).

Ornamentation: Surface with shallow round

fossae and sparsely distributed long hairs (Plate 6).

Infold: Rostral infold with 9 long bristles

forming row parallel to valve edge; small bristle

present on infold just behind and below incisur;

anteroventral infold with 7 bristles along list; list

FICURE 14.—Euphilomedes asper (Miiller). female, USNM

154193, complete specimen, length 1.30 mm.

along posterior half of ventral infold and on posterior infold with about 30 short bristles; infold of

caudal process posterior to list with 3 short bristles.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with fringed

margin present along anterior, anterodorsal, and

ventral margins; prolongation divided at inner

end of incisur (Figure 14; Plate 66).

Size: USNM 156632, length 1.44 mm, height 0.90

mm; USNM 154193, length 1.30 mm, height 0.77

mm.

First Antenna (Figure \5d): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: lateral and medial spines and 3 bristles (1

dorsal, 1 ventral, 1 lateral). 3rd joint: short with

few short lateral and medial spines and 3 bristles

(2 dorsal, 1 ventral with base on medial side). 4th

joint: 6 bristles (2 dorsal and subterminal, 4 ventral

and terminal). 5th joint: sensory bristle with 6

short proximal filaments and 3 distal filaments

(excluding stem with bifurcate tip), 1 long and 2

short; medial bristle with few long proximal spines.

7th joint: a-bristle longer than bristle of 6th joint,

with short marginal spines; b-bristle almost twice

length of a-bristle, with 4 short marginal filaments

excluding stem with bifurcate tip; c-bristle same

length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 short

proximal filaments and 3 distal filaments (1 long,

2 short, excluding stem with bifurcate tip). 8th

joint: d- and e-bristles bare, only slightly longer

than b-bristle; f- and g-bristles similar to c-bristle

but with only 3 short proximal filaments.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

2-jointed (Figure 15e): 1st joint with 6 short bare

bristles; 2nd joint longer than 1st with 1 long ventral midbristle with long proximal and short distal

bristles, and 1 shorter bare terminal bristle.

Exopodite: 1st joint with minute medial bristle on

iistal margin; bristle of 2nd joint reaching past

)th joint, with short slender proximal marginal

.pines; bristles of joints 2-8 with spines similar to

iiose on bristle of 2nd joint; 9th joint with 7

bristles (2 long with proximal ventral spines and

dso some spines along dorsal margin, 1 medium

bristle with proximal, ventral, and dorsal spines, 4

ihorter bristles, dorsal on joint, bare or with ventral

spines); all exopodite bristles without natatory

lairs; joints 2-8 with spines forming row along

iistal margin and small basal spines.

Mandible (Figure 15/): Coxale endite spinous,

bifurcate, with minute bristle near base. Basale:

medial surface spinous, with 5 proximal bristles
NUMBER 241

(2 pectinate, 3 spinous), and 2 longer spinous bristles with bases almost on ventral margin; ventral

21

margin with 5 spinous bristles; dorsal margin with

1 bristle distal to middle and 2 terminal bristles.

FIGURE 15.—Euphilomedes asper (Miiller), female, USNM 156632, length 1.44 mm: a, outline

of whole specimen; b, anterior of body showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior

process and upper lip; c, left lateral eye. Female, USNM 154193, length 1.30 mm: d, left 1st

antenna, lateral view; e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; /, left mandible,

medial view.
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Exopodite hirsute, reaching just past middle of 1st

endopodite joint, with 2 subterminal bristles.

Endopodite: 1st joint with medial spines and 4

ventral bristles (1 short, 3 long); 2nd joint with

proximal medial spines, 4 bristles on ventral margin

forming 2 distal groups (proximal group with 1

bristle, distal group with 3), dorsal margin with 8

bristles (5 long, 3 short); end joint with 3 claws and

4 bristles.

Maxilla: Precoxale and coxale with fringe of

hairs along dorsal margins; coxale with spinous

dorsal bristle. Endite I with 11 or 12 bristles;

endite II with 7 bristles; endite III with 7 distal

bristles and 1 proximal lateral bristle. Basale with

3 bristles on distal margin (1 dorsal, 2 ventral).

Exopodite forming short lobe with 3 bristles (2

long, 1 short). Endopodite: 1st joint with hairs

along dorsal margin, 1 spinous a-bristle and 3

/J-bristles; end joint with about 4 a-bristles, 2

b-bristles (outer bristle slender spinous, inner bristle

clawlike with stout spines along both margins), 2

slender c-bristles, and 3 d-bristles (inner bristles

FIGURE \6.—Euphilomedes caper (Miiller), female, USNM 154193: a, tip of right 5th limb,

anterior view; b, tip of left 5th limb, anterior view; c, left 6th limb, medial view; d, 7th limb;

e, right lamella of furca and right genital organ; f, anterior of body showing medial eye and

rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip, and 3 protistans attached to medial eye; g,

right and left lateral eyes; h, left view of body near furca showing sclerite system, brushlike

organ and left genital organ; i, protistan attached to protopodite of 2nd antenna.
NUMBER 24 23

slender with marginal spines, outer 2 bristles dawhke with stout spines along both margins).

Fifth Limb (Figure 16a,6): Epipodial appendage

with 49 bristles. Endite I with 6 spinous bristles;

endite II with 9 spinous bristles; endite III with

about 10 spinous or pectinate bristles. Exopodite:

1st joint with main tooth with 4 constituent pectinate teeth followed by Short stout bristle, triangular tooth in front of main tooth not reaching

past main tooth, with smaller tooth near inner

proximal end, anterior side of joint with 2 spinous

bristles near middle of distal margin, outer end

with small lobe with 1 small bristle; 2nd joint with

large squarish tooth with 2 or 3 small teeth along

inner margin, 1 minute bristle on posterior side of

outer corner, long posterior c-bristle and 3 posterior

d-bristles; 3rd joint with 3 spinous bristles on inner

lobe and 2 spinous bristles on outer lobe; 4th and

5th joints fused, with total of 7 spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 16c): Endite I with 3 spinous

bristles (1 long, 2 short); endite II with 1 proximal

and 3 terminal spinous bristles; endites III and IV

each with 1 proximal and 7 terminal spinous bristles; end joint hirsute, with 15 bristles (6 of posterior 7 bristles hirsute, other bristles of end joint with

long proximal and short distal spines); 3 hirsute

bristles present in place of epipodial appendage.

Seventh Limb (Figure 16d): Proximal group with

4 bristles (2 on each side); distal group with 6

bristles (3 on each side); bristles with 2-6 bells and

distal marginal spines; terminus with comb of 10 or

11 teeth opposing 2 pegs.

Furca (Figure 16e): Each lamella with 10 claws:

claws 1, 2, 4 primary, remaining claws secondary;

claw 3 about same length as claw 5; claw 1 with

teeth along posterior lateral margin and larger

medial teeth; claws 2-5 (and possibly others) with

teeth along posterior margins; lamella at base of

claws and following claws hirsute.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figures 15 b, 16/): Elongate

with 1 suture in middle and pointed tip.

Eyes: Medial eye pigmented, bare (Figures 156,

16/); lateral eye smaller than medial eye, with 3 or 4

ommatidia (Figures 15c, 16g).

Upper Lip (Figures 156, 16/): Projecting anteriorly with small processes at tip, hirsute.

Genitalia and Brushlike Organ: Genitalia represented by yellowish opaque ovoid mass (Figure

\6e,h); brushlike organ consisting of about 7 minute

bristles on each side of specimen near genitalia

(Figure I6h).

Epizoa: Stemmed protozoans with ball-like tips

present on medial eye and protopodite of right 2nd

antenna (Figure 16/,i). Slender segmented filaments

also present on some appendages.

MATURITY OF SPECIMENS IN COLLECTION.—One of

the specimens contained a single egg wedged between the ventral margins of the valves of the carapace. It was not possible to determine whether the

egg belonged to the specimen or had been washed

in from outside. Genitalia were present on the

specimen indicating it to be an adult female; however, none of the bristles of the exopodite of the

2nd antenna were long or bore natatory hairs like

those usually found on adult females. For these

reasons, the maturity of the specimen is in doubt.

The second specimen in the collections is also

without natatory bristles on the 2nd antenna. Prior

collections reported upon by Miiller (1894:210),

Brady and Norman (1896:659), and Kornicker

(1974:14) did not contain adult females.

Euphilomedes sinister Kornicker, 1974

A new subspecies Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix is proposed herein because it has 4 ventral

bristles on the 2nd joint of the female 2nd antenna

compared to only 1 on specimens from the Gulf of

Naples and Plymouth Sound. To test the hypothesis

that the west African and European populations

comprise two subspecies, it will be necessary to

examine the variability in the number of bristles

on the 2nd joint of the female 2nd antenna when

more specimens become available for study. The

specimens of Brady, 1868, Brady and Norman, 1896,

Fage, 1934, and Caraion, 1959, have been retained

in the synonomy of E. sinister sinister because they

were collected in the vicinity of Europe, although

Key to the Subspecies of Euphilomedes sinister

Second endopodial joint of 2nd antenna of adult female with 4 ventral bristles

E. 5. pentathrix

Second endopodial joint with 1 ventral bristle E. i. sinister
24

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

the number of bristles on the 2nd joint of the

endopodite of the female 2nd antenna of those

specimens is unknown. It will be necessary to

reexamine the specimens in order to verify the

subspecies to which they belong.

Euphilomedes sinister sinister Kornicker, 1974,

new status

Philomedes longicornis.—Norman, 1861:280 [part] [not

Liljeborg, 1853:176].

Philomedes interpuncta.—Brady, 1868:463, pi. 33: figs. 10-13,

pi. 41: fig. 3; 1871:293, pi. 26: figs. 1-5; 1872:60, pi. 1: fig.

5.—Miiller, 1894:210, pi. 3: figs. 5-14, 16, 19, 20, 23-28,

32, 37^*4 — Brady and Norman, 1896:656, pi. 56: figs. 6-10,

pi. 57.—Fage, 1934:249, figs. 1-2.—Caraion, 1959:266, fig. 1.

[Not Baird, 1850:257.]

Euphilomedes sinister Kornicker, 1974:17, figs. 6, 7.

HOLOTYPE.—A female without eggs, Zoological

Station of Naples, length 1.24 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Benta Palumma, station B27,

90 m, Gulf of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.—USNM 151189a,b, 2 adult females

collected at a depth of 5.5 m in June 1974 in

Plymouth Sound, England, by Dr. Eric Robinson.

These were examined for comparative purposes.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.—Carapace larger than the holotype: USNM

151189a, length 1.37 mm, height 0.93 mm;

USNM 151189b (dry measurement), length 1.45

mm, height 0.95 mm.

Endopodite of 2nd Antenna: Same as that described by Kornicker (1974:19; fig. 6i).

REMARKS.—Kornicker (1974:17) did not include

specimens identified by Norman (1861:280, pi. 14:

fig. 11) from Plymouth Sound in the synonomy of

E. sinister. Because Robinson's collection shows that

the species is present in Plymouth Sound, it is probable that some of Norman's specimens belong to

this species. The specimen illustrated by Norman

(1861, pi. 14, fig. 11) has a spine on the right valve

and therefore has not been included in the above

synonomy.

Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies

FIGURES 17, 18; PLATES 7-9

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 152831, ovigerous female, in

alcohol and on slides.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station AlOb, Cornide de Saavedra.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name, from the Greek

penta (five) and thrix (hair), refers to the number

of bristles on the 2nd joint of the endopodite of

the 2nd antenna of the adult female.

PARATYPES.—USNM 152834, 1 adult female from

same sample as holotype; USNM 152832, 1 A-l

male from same sample as holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.—Carapace similar in shape to that of E. sinister sinister; posterior

end of left valve with dorsal and ventral spines

(Figure \la,b; Plates laje,f, Sd-f); right valve without spines.

Ornamentation: Surface with polygonal reticulations (Figure 17a; Plates 7-9); inferior tip of

rostrum with stout protuberance (Figure 17a; Plate

la,d); long and short bristles present along margins and scattered over valve surface (Plates 7a,e,

8b-f, 9).

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 18-20 bristles; 1 bristle present at inner end of incisur;

anteroventral infold with 9 short bristles; posteroventral infold with about 28 bristles along inner

margin, and 4 or 5 small bristles between inner

margin of infold and valve margin (Figure 17b).

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with marginal fringe present along anterior, ventral, and

posterior margins (Plate 7a); prolongation divided

at inner end of incisur (Plate Id).

Size: USNM 152831, length 1.42 mm, height

0.94 mm; USNM 152834, length 1.40 mm, height

0.93 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 17c): Joints 1 and 2 with

spines on lateral and medial surfaces; joints 3 and

4 may have spines on medial surface (not observed

clearly). 2nd joint: 3 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal, 1

lateral). 3rd joint: 3 bristles (1 ventral, 2 dorsal).

4th joint: 6 bristles (4 ventral, 2 dorsal). 5th joint:

sensory bristles with 4 or 5 short marginal filaments,

3 longer subproximal filaments, and bifurcate tip.

6th joint: 1 slender medial bristle. 7th joint:

a-bristle about same length as bristle of 6th joint,

with few long marginal spines; b-bristle slightly

shorter than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with short

marginal filaments and bifurcate tip; c-bristle same

length as sensory bristle, with 5 short marginal filaments, 3 longer subterminal filaments, and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare, same

length as sensory bristle; f- and g-bristles same

length as sensory bristle, with 4 short marginal fila-
NUMBER 241 25

FIGURE 17.—Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female, USNM 152831, holotype,

length 1.42 mm: a, whole carapace showing some surface reticulations and outline of egg; b,

posterior end of left valve, medial view; c, left 1st antenna, lateral view; d, endopodite of left

2nd antenna, medial view; e, right mandible, medial view.

ments, 2 longer subterminal filaments, and bifurcate tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite with clusters of

spines on ventral and dorsal margins, and on lateral and medial surfaces (Figure lid); spines along

dorsal margin longer than those along ventral margin. Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure 17d): 1st joint

with 5 proximal and 1 distal bristle; ventral margin of 2nd joint with 1 long spinous proximal

bristle and 3 shorter spinous bristles distal to middle; 1 bare bristle about one-half length of 2nd

joint present terminally. Exopodite: 1st joint with

small medial terminal spine; terminal margins of

joints 2-8 with comb of short spines; bristle of 2nd

joint with short slender hairs along middle part of

ventral margin; bristles of joints 3-5 bare; bristles

of joints 6-8 longer than those of joints 2-5, with

natatory hairs; joint 9 with 7 bristles (4 long, 1

medium, and 1 short, all with natatory hairs, 1 very

short with short hairs or bare; the latter 3 bristles

located distodorsally on joint).

Mandible (Figure 17e): Coxale endite with bi-
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

furcate tip, secondary teeth, and cluster of spines.

Basale: medial surface hirsute, with 6 short bristles

in proximal group near ventral margin (2 or 3

stout pectinate, 2 or 3 slender spinous); ventral margin with 7 spinous bristles; dorsal margin with 1

midbristle and 2 terminal bristles. Exopodite hirsute, about three-fourths length of 1st endopodite

joint, with 2 spinous ventral bristles. Endopodite:

1st joint with 4 ventral, terminal bristles (3 long, 1

short); 2nd joint with 2 clusters of distal bristles

on ventral margin (3 in proximal group, 4 in distal

group), dorsal margin with 2 groups of bristles (5

in proximal group, 8 in distal group near middle

of margin); end joint with 3 claws, all with minute

marginal teeth along ventral margin, and 4 bristles;

1st and 2nd endopodite joints with spines forming

FIGURE 18.—Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female, USNM 152831, holotype:

a, left maxilla, medial view; b, tip of right 5th limb, anterior view; c, tip of left 5th limb,

posterior view; d, left 6th limb, medial view; e, 7th limb; /, anterior of body showing medial

eye and rod-shaped organ, and upper lip; g, right lamella of furca, lateral view; h, right

Y-sclerite. Female, USNM 152834, paratype: i, right lateral eye?.
NUMBER 241 27

clusters on medial surfaces.

Maxilla (Figure 18a): Precoxale and coxale with

fringe of hairs along anterior (dorsal) margins;

coxale with spinous anterior bristle. Endite I with

9 or 10 bristles; endite II with 8 bristles; endite

III with about 10 bristles. Basale with 3 long distal

bristles. Exopodite with 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short).

Endopodite: 1st joint spinous, with 1 a-bristle with

wreath of long marginal spines, and 5 /3-bristles;

end joint with total of about 12 bristles, some pectinate.

Fifth Limb (Figure 186,c): Epipodial appendage

with 44 bristles. Endite I with about 6 bristles, endite II with about 8 bristles; endite III with about

10 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with distal margin

without midbristles, outer distal corner with lobe

bearing spines and 2 short spinous bristles, main

tooth consisting of 4 pectinate teeth followed by

short spinous bristle, tooth in front of main tooth

bilobed; 2nd joint with anterior side with slender

spinous bristle near outer corner, posterior side

with distal group of 3 bristles (2 short, 1 long) and

long proximal bristle, middle of inner margin of

large triangular tooth with minute node; 3rd joint

with 3 bristles on inner lobe and 2 hirsute bristles

on outer lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused, with total

of 6 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 18d): Endite I fragmented, 1

short proximal bristle on remaining part; endite II

with 1 proximal and 3 terminal bristles; endites

III and IV with 1 proximal and 7 terminal bristles;

end joint with 20 bristles; 3 hirsute epipodial bristles present.

Seventh Limb (Figure 18e): Proximal group with

6 bristles (3 on each side) and terminal group with

6 bristles (3 on each side), each bristle with 3-5 bells

and distal marginal spines; terminal comb with

about 15 teeth; 2 pegs present opposite comb,

inner of these spinous and about twice as long as

outer peg.

Furca (Figure 18g): Each lamella with 13 claws:

claws 1, 2, 4, 6 primary, remaining claws secondary; claw 1 with large tooth in middle of medial

side and teeth along lateral and medial sides of

posterior margin; remaining claws also with teeth

along posterior margin; hairs present at base of

claws and following claws.

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, 1- or 2-jointed, with

tapering tip (Figure 18/).

Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 18/); lateral eye

minute with 1 ommatidium Figure 18i).

Upper Lip: Rounded, hirsute, with anterior projection (Figure 18/).

Y-Sclerite: Typical for family (Figure ISh).

Eggs: USNM 152831 with 1 egg in marsupium.

COMPARISONS.—The new subspecies, E. sinister

pentathrix, differs from E. sinister sinister in having

5 instead of 2 bristles on the 2nd joint of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna of the adult female.

Euphilomedes schornikovi, new species

FIGURES 19-22

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156644, 1 A-l male, on

slides and in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Thalassa station X053.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named after Professor E. I. Schornikov, Hydrobiological Laboratory,

Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern

Scientific Center of the Academy of Science, Vladivostok, USSR.

MATERIAL.—"Grigore Antipa" 462, paratype, instar III female, from same station as holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figures 19—21).—

Carapace with elongate rostrum and projecting

caudal process (Figures 19, 20a,b); valve edge cutting diagonally across outer ventral corner of rostrum (Figure 206).

Ornamentation: Surface with shallow fossae and

scattered short and long bristles (Figure 19).

Infold: Rostral infold with 4-6 bristles (Figure

206); infold just below incisur with 1 short bristle

(Figure 206); anteroventral infold with about 6

ridges but no bristles; ventral infold without bristles; posteroventral infold including caudal process

with 7 bristles near inner margin of infold (Figure

20a); caudal process with "pocket" with 5 spinous

bristles along upper part of inner edge (Figure 20a);

outer edge of caudal process with 3 minute bristles

(Figure 20a).

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with marginal fringe present along anterior, ventral, and

posterior margins; prolongation divided at inner

end of incisur (Figure 206).

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of

elongate and oval individual scars (Figures 19, 20c).

Size: USNM 156644, length 0.96 mm, height

0.60 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 20d): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 1 dorsal and 1 ventral bristle, spines on
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 19.—Euphilomedes schornikoiri, new species, A-l male,

USNM 156644, holotype, complete specimen, length 0.96 mm.

medial surface near ventral margin and on lateral

surface near terminal end. 3rd joint: 3 bristles (1

ventral, 2 dorsal). 4th joint: 4 bristles (2 ventral, 2

dorsal), and with few spines on medial surface near

ventral margin; 5th joint: sensory bristle with about

6 short marginal filaments and tip consisting of 4

longer filaments. 6th joint: medial bristle about

same length as 5th joint, with marginal spines. 7th

joint: a-bristle about one-third longer than bristle

of 6th joint; b-bristle slightly longer than twice

length of a-bristle, with 1 short filament near middle and 3 terminal filaments; c-bristle slightly

longer than b-bristles, with 5 marginal filaments

and 1 short and 3 longer filaments at tip. 8th joint:

d- and e-bristles bare, same length as c-bristle;

f-bristle about same length as c-bristle, with 2 marginal filaments and 1 short and 3 long terminal

filaments; g-bristle about same length as f-bristle,

with 2 marginal filaments and 4 terminal filaments

(1 short, 3 long).

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 20e): 1st joint short with 2 minute

bristles; 2nd joint elongate with 3 ventral bristles;

3rd joint elongate with 1 proximal ventral bristle

and 2 short terminal bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint

with minute medial bristle on terminal margin;

joints 2-8 with fairly long distal spines forming

row; joints 3 or 4 to 7 or 8 with small basal spine;

bristles of joints 2-8 short with stout ventral spines;

9th joint with 3 bristles, all short (Figure 20/)

(longer of these ventral and with few stout ventral

spines, remaining 2 with more slender ventral

spines).

Mandible (Figures 20g, 21a): Coxale endite bifurcate, without basal bristle. Basale: spinous medial side with 4 short proximal bristles near ventral

margin and 1 at middle of ventral margin; ventral

margin with 1 or 2 distal bristles; lateral side with

2 bristles near ventral margin; dorsal margin with

1 bristle distal to middle and 2 terminal. Exopodite

hirsute, reaching middle of dorsal margin of 1st

endopodite joint, with 2 terminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with ventral bristles (2 long, 1 short);

2nd joint with 4 distal bristles on ventral margin

forming 2 groups, each with 2 bristles; middle of

dorsal margin with 7 bristles forming 2 groups (2

bristles in proximal group, 5 in distal group);

medial side of joint with spines forming row near

proximal group of bristles on dorsal margin; 3rd

joint with 3 bristles and 3 claws (2 long with ventral

spines, and 1 short, dorsal).

Maxilla (Figure 2lb-d): Coxale with spinous

dorsal bristle. Endites I and II each with about 6

bristles: endite III with 1 proximal and 7 terminal

bristles. Basale with 2 long bristles on distal ventral

margin. Exopodite short with 3 bristles (2 long, 1

short). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 a-bristle with

long proximal spines and 2 /3-bristles; end joint with

3 a-bristles with long hairs near middle, 2 b-bristles

(outer bristle with long proximal hairs and short

distal spines, inner bristle clawlike, bare), 2 short

slender c-bristles, and 3 stout d-bristles (Figure

2lc,d).

Fifth Limb (Figure 2le,f): Epipodial appendage

with 42 bristles. 3 endites with numerous bristles.

Exopodite: 1st joint with main tooth obscured on

specimen examined but consisting of about 4 teeth,

distal margin with 2 anterior bristles, posterior

bristles obscure on specimen examined, outer distal

corner with hirsute lobe with spinous bristle; 2nd

joint with large squarish tooth with 2 low nodes

on inner edge; 3rd joint with 2 short hirsute bristles on outer lobe and 3 bristles on inner lobe (2

much longer than bristles on outer lobe); 4th and

5th joints fused, with total of 5 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 21g): 1 hirsute bristle in

place of epipodial appendage; endite I with 3

bristles; endite II with 3 terminal bristles; endite

III with 7 terminal bristles; endite IV with 5 terminal bristles; end joint not projecting posteriorly,

with 8 marginal bristles (posterior 2 bristles hirsute,

remaining bristles and those of endites with long

proximal hairs and short distal spines); surface of

limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 2\h): No proximal bristles;

distal group with 4 tapered bristles, each with 3

bells and distal marginal spines; terminus with

comb of 5 teeth opposing 2 pegs.
NUMBER 241 29

FIGURE 20.—Euphilomedes schornikovi, new species, A-l male, USNM 156644, holotype, length

0.96 mm: a, caudal process of left valve, medial view; b, rostrum and incisur of left valve, medial

view; c, central adductor muscle scars of right valve, lateral view; d, right 1st antenna, medial

view; e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; /, 9th joint of exopodite of right 2nd

antenna, lateral view; g, left mandible, medial view.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 21.—Euphilomedes schomikovi, new species, A-l male, USNM 156644, holotype: a, right

mandible, medial view; b, right maxilla, lateral view; c, end joint of endopodite of left maxilla,

lateral view; d, end joint of endopodite of right maxilla, lateral view; e, distal end of right 5th

limb; /, distal end of left 5th limb, posterior view; g, 6th limb; h, tip of 7th limb; i, left

lamella of furca and claw 1 of right lamella, and Y-sclerite; ;', anterior of body showing medial

eye and rod-shaped organ and upper lip: k, rod-shaped organ under cover slip, dorsal view.
NUMBER 241 31

Furca (Figure 2It): Each lamella with 6 claws:

claws 1, 2, 4 primary; claws 3, 5, 6 secondary; claw

1 with teeth forming lateral and medial row along

posterior margin with largest tooth medially and

distally; remaining claws with teeth along posterior

margins; hairs present near base of claw 1 and following claw 6.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 2lj,k) Elongate, weak

suture present proximal to middle, tip pointed;

part distal to middle with wide and narrow sections but without sutures.

Eyes: Medial eye not well-defined, bare (Figure

21;); sac with many minute yellow cells in vicinity

where lateral eye generally occurs may be lateral

eye.

Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped with anterior process

(FiBrure21jY

Y-Sclerite: Type usually present in family (Figure

Genitalia: Not observed.

DESCRIPTION OF INSTAR III FEMALE (Figure 22).—

Carapace similar in shape and ornamentation to

that of A-l male (Figure 22a). Infold not examined.

Size: "Grigore Antipa" 462, length 0.90 mm,

height 0.45 mm.

First Antenna: Not examined in detail, but similar to that of A-l male.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

2-jointed (Figure 22b,c): 1st joint with 1 short bristle; 2nd joint elongate with 1 or 2 ventral bristles

(1 long with long proximal and short distal spines,

other bristle when present short), and 1 spinous

terminal bristle. Exopodite: distal margin of 1st

joint with well developed medial bristle, about oneFIGURE 22.—Euphilomedes schornikovi, new species, instar III female, "Grigore Antipa" 462,

paratype, length 0.90 mm: a, right valve with some of fossae indicated and area of central

adductor muscles scars outlined by dashes: b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view;

c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; d, distal end of 5th limb, posterior view; e,

7th limb; f, lateral eyes.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

fourth length of 2nd joint; bristles of joints 2 to 8

short, with stout ventral spines; 9th joint with 3

bristles (1 bristle same length as joints 4 to 9 combined, with 4 stout ventral spines; remaining bristles very short with short, slender, marginal spines);

joints 2-8 with spines forming terminal row; small

basal spines on some joints.

Mandible, Maxilla: Not examined in detail but

similar to those of A-l male.

Fifth Limb (Figure 22d): Epipodial appendage

with 36 bristles. 3 narrow endites with total of

about 15 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with main

tooth with 3 teeth bearing small secondary teeth,

short stout pectinate spine proximal to main tooth;

2nd joint with large square tooth, posterior side

with group of 3 bristles (2 long, 1 short and pectinate); 3rd joint with inner lobe with 3 bristles,

outer lobe with 2; 4th and 5th joints fused, with

total of 5 bristles.

Sixth Limb: Not examined in detail but similar

to that of A-l male.

Seventh Limb: Elongate, without bristles or terminal comb (Figure 22e).

Furca, Rod-shaped Organ, Medial Eye: Similar to

those of A-l male.

Lateral Eye: Round sac with about 6 minute

yellowish cells present on each side may be lateral

eyes (Figure 22/).

COMPARISONS:—The new species E. schornikovi

has in common with two other species (Philomedes

paucichelata Kornicker, 1958, and Tetragonodon

rhabdion (Kornicker, 1970) the presence of only 6

claws on the furca with the 3rd claw being smaller

than the 4th. The three species should probably

be referred to a new genus. E. schornikovi differs

from P. paucichelata in having 2 bristles instead of

1 on the 2nd joint of the 1st antenna, and in having a long terminal bristle on the 2nd joint of the

endopodite of the female 2nd antenna. (The terminal ends of the endopodites of several specimens

of Philomedes paucichelata from Charlotte Harbor,

Florida, examined by the senior author were either

bare or bore a minute bristle.) E. schornikovi differs from T. rhabdion in having a well developed

rod-shaped organ and a long terminal bristle on the

2nd joint of the endopodite of the female 2nd antenna. Some species of Pseudophilomedes also have

only 6 furcal claws, but the 2nd exopodial joint

of the female 5th limb of members of that genus is

prolonged, not short as on E. schornikovi.

Tetragonodon Brady and Norman, 1896

One species of Tetragonodon was collected, T.

ctenorynchus (Brady, 1887), which is the type-species

of the genus. The male of the species is described

for the first time. The male of the genus was previously unknown. Of particular interest is the fact

that the sensory bristle of the male 1st antenna

bears proximal filaments in a cup not unlike that

on the sensory bristle of males in the family Sarsiellidae.

DISTRIBUTION.—Only three species of the genus

are known. One species lives along the western

coast of Africa and Europe between latitudes

20°41'N and 38°38'N at depths of 636-2995 m; a

second species lives in the Gulf of Mexico at a

depth of 1000-1200 m, and a third lives in the

Peru-Chile Trench at a depth of 991-1015 m. Empty

valves have been collected at shallower depths (7-

152 m) in the Atlantic Ocean off Puerto Rico and

in Colon Harbor, Panama. Specimens of T. ctenorynchus in the present collection are from off the

northern end of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania at a depth of 1120 m. A possible fourth species from the west coast of Morocco, Tetragonodon

erinaceus Brady and Norman, 1896, was correctly

referred by Miiller (1912:51) to "Cypridinidarum

genera dubia et species dubiae."

Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady, 1887)

FIGURES 25-29; PLATES 10-14

Bradycinetus Stenorynchus Brady, 1886?: 166 [nomen nudum].

Bradycinetus ctenorynchus Brady, 1887:199.

Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady).—Brady and Norman,

1896:667. pi. 58, figs. 1-8.—Sylvester-Bradley, 1961:400, fig.

322:5.—Kornicker, 1968:450-452 [discussion].

Philomedes ctenorhynchus (Brady).—Muller, 1912:33.

[?]Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus (Brady).—Bold, 1966:44, pi. 1,

fig. 1.

HOLOTYPE.—Not designated.

SYNTYPE LOCALITY.—West Atlantic between

20°41'N and 38°38'N at depths of 636-2995 m (see

Kornicker, 1968:452, table 1).

MATERIAL.—[USNM 142387], 1 adult female,

USNM 150278, 1 adult female, USNM 150105, 3

adult females, all from Thalassa station X046;

USNM 150102, 1 adult male from Thalassa station

X046; USNM 150103, 9 adult females and juveniles

from Thalassa station X046.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures
NUMBER 241 33

23-26; Plates 10-14).—Carapace with straight hinge

but with convex dorsal outline in lateral view (Figure 23, 24a,b); rostrum beaklike, pointed with lateral fold (Figure 24a,c; Plate llc,d); posterior with

distinct caudal process (Figures 23, 24a; Plate llc,e);

ventral margin of carapace strongly convex; greatest height of valve in front of middle.

Ornamentation: Surface with shallow punctae

(Figures 23, 24A; Plate lOd); punctae not distinct on

decalcified valves; surface with short and long hairs

(Figure 24d); 2 small bristles at inner end of

incisur (Figure 24c).

Infold: Broad in area of rostrum and caudal

process, narrower elsewhere (Figure 24a); infold

behind rostrum with 4 long spinous bristles forming

row (Figure 24a/:; Plate 12a), infold immediately

ventral to rostrum with 1 small bristle (Figure 24c;

Plate 12c); infold in front of caudal process with

6 flat spinous bristles near top of list and 2 small

bristles ventral to these near inner margin of infold,

the latter 2 bristles with truncate tips (Figure 24a;

Plates llc,e, 12d); anteroventral infold with 5 ridges

paralleling valve margin (Plate 126).

Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation

present along anterior, ventral, and posterior margin of each valve; prolongation divided at inner

end of incisur (Plate lid).

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of

about 40 widely dispersed individual ovoid scars

forming about 7 horizontal rows, the upper 3 or 4

of these being slightly convex and containing more

individual scars than the lower 3 (Figures 23, 24e).

Muscles striate (Plate 12/).

FIGURE 23.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female,

USNM 150278, complete specimen, length 1.69 mm.

Size: [USNM 142387], length 1.89 mm, height

1.00 mm; USNM 150278, length 1.69 mm, height

1.03 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 24/,/): 1st joint: lateral

spines near dorsal margin. 2nd joint: cluster of

spines at middle of dorsal margin and on lateral

side in distodorsal corner, and 1 subterminal dorsal

bristle with long spines near middle and short spines

distally. 3rd joint: short with cluster of spines on

ventral margin, and with 1 ventral bristle with long

mid-spines and short distal spines, and 2 dorsal

bristles with long mid-spines and short distal spines.

4th joint: more than twice length of 3rd joint, with

spines forming clusters along ventral margin, 2 or

3 bristles (1 or 2 ventral, 1 dorsal), all bristles with

long mid-spines and short distal spines. 5th joint:

sensory bristle with 2 short proximal filaments, 1

slightly longer filament near middle, and 4 long

terminal filaments including stem. 6th joint: not

separated from 5th by visible suture, with short

spinous medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle about

one-third longer than bristle of 6th joint, with

short marginal spines; b-bristle slender, more than

twice length of a-bristle, with 1 short proximal and

3 longer terminal filaments including stem; c-bristle

slightly longer than b-bristle, with 3 short proximal

filaments, one short subterminal filament, and 2

long terminal filaments, including stem. 8th joint:

d- and e-bristles slightly longer than c-bristle, bare

with blunt tips; f- and g-bristles with 2 short proximal filaments, 1 short subterminal filament, and 2

long terminal filaments, including stem.

Second Antenna (Figure 24g-j): Protopodite bare.

Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure 24h,i): 1st joint

short with 1 short bristle; 2nd joint elongate with

squarish tip and 1 long terminal bristle with long

proximal and short distal marginal spines. Exopodite: 1st joint elongate, distal margin with short

recurved spine with blunt (open?) tip (Figure 24;);

joints 2 to 7 or 8 with spines along dorsal margins;

bristles on joints 2-9 without spines or natatory

hairs (Figure 24g); 9th joint with 3 bristles (1 short

2 long; long bristles slightly shorter than bristle of

8th joint).

Mandible (Figure 25a): Coxale endite spinous

with strong teeth at tip; dorsal half of coxale with

long hairs on lateral surface. Basale: dorsal margin

with 1 short bristle near middle and 2 subterminal

bristles, outer of these about three-fourths length

of inner bristle; ventral margin with 1 subterminal
3

4 SMITHSONIA

N CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

o°o

o°oo0

0

0

0

o°0o

o o ° o °n

O

o
NUMBER 241 35

FIGURE 24.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female,

[USNM 142387], length 1.89 mm: a, left valve, medial view;

b, whole specimen showing 2 eggs; c, incisur and rostrum of

right valve, medial view; d, bristles on outer surface of valve;

e, ends of central adductor muscles projecting through left

side of body anterior to left; /, right 1st antenna, medial view;

g, sketch of 2nd antenna, endopodite not shown; h,

endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; i, endopodite

of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, recurved spine on tip

of 1st joint of exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view.

Female, USNM 150278, length 1.69 mm: k, fossae and

bristles on outer surface of left valve anterior to middle.

Female, USNM 105105: /, right 1st antenna, medial view.

bristle; lateral surface spinous, with 3 or 4 bristles

forming row distal to middle of joint (bases of

bristles almost on ventral margin); medial surface

spinous, with 5 short bristles near ventral margin

(4 proximal, 1 near middle). Exopodite with hirsute

tip reaching past middle of dorsal margin of 1st

endopodite joint, with 2 subterminal bristles (inner

of these with long spines near middle and short

spines distally; outer bristle slightly shorter than

inner bristle and with only short marginal spines).

Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 spinous terminal

bristles (2 long, 1 short); 2nd joint with 3 short

ventral bristles (1 subterminal, 2 terminal) and 7

dorsal bristles (2 proximal, 5 near middle); medial

surface of joint with spines forming clusters; end

joint with 2 subequal claws with a few teeth

proximally and near middle of ventral margin, 1

short spinelike bristle at dorsal corner, and 3

bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 25c-/): Precoxale with dorsal

fringe of hair. Coxale with long hirsute anterior

bristle (Figure 25c). 1st endite with 6 spinous

bristles; 2nd endite with about 8 spinous bristles;

3rd endite with about 8 spinous terminal bristles

and 1 short proximal bristle. Basale with 3 bristles

along distal margin (the inner of these on slender

lobe). Exopodite with 1 short and 2 long bristles.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 o-bristle and 2 j8-

bristles (Figure 25c/t); 2nd joint with 3 a-, 2 b-,

2 c-, and 3 d-bristles (Figure 2bd-f).

Fifth Limb (Figures 25&,g-i, 26a-c): Epipodial

appendage with 46 bristles. 1st endite with 2 bristles;

2nd and 3rd endites with about 6 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with main tooth consisting of 4

constituent teeth (proximal of these peglike, remaining teeth with marginal teeth) (Figure 25&Jg,t), 1

short stout, spinous bristle present proximal to peglike tooth, anterior side with 2 slender bristles near

middle of distal margin and 1 short slender bristle

on outer corner (Figure 25h); 2nd joint consisting

of large squarish tooth, posterior side with group of

3 bristles (1 long, 2 short) and proximally to them,

1 stout bristle; 3rd joint with 2 bristles on outer

lobe and 3 on inner lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused,

hirsute with 4 spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 26d): 1st endite with 3 short

spinous bristles (1 terminal, 2 medial); 2nd endite

with 3 spinous terminal bristles; 3rd endite with 6

spinous terminal bristles; 4th endite with 5 spinous

terminal bristles; end joint with 8 bristles (6

spinous, 2 hirsute, the latter located on posterior

edge); end joint not produced posteriorly; 1 short

spinous bristle in place of epipodial appendage;

limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 26e,f): 6 bristles in terminal group (3 on each side), 4 bristles in proximal

group (2 on each side), all bristles with 2-6 bells

and marginal spines distally; terminus consisting

of comb with 8 or 9 alate teeth opposed by 4 pegs.

Furca (Figure 26g,/): Each lamella with 9 or 10

claws, each separated from lamella by suture; claws

decreasing in length posteriorly along lamella; claw

1 with row of minute teeth along lateral side and

few large teeth on medial surface; remaining claws

with small teeth along posterior margin; proximal

teeth larger than distal teeth; hairs present on

lamella between claws.

Eyes and Rod-shaped Organ: Absent.

Lips: Upper lip with 4 small processes at tip,

(lower lip with spines) (Figure 26h-j; Plates 12e,

13, 14a).

Anterior and Posterior of Body: Anterior with

button-like process (Plate 146,c). Posterior bare.

Y-Sclerite: Without ventral branch (Figure 26ft).

Genitalia: Represented by sclerotized round ring

(Figure 26ft).

Eggs: [USNM 142387] with 4 large eggs in brood

chamber. USNM 150105, 3 specimens, one with 4

eggs and two with 5.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 27-29).—

Carapace similar to that of female except rostrum

and caudal process broader (Figures 27, 2Sa,b).

Ornamentation: Surface similar to that of female

carapace; hairs on caudal process longer than those

on female (Figure 286).

Infold: Similar to infold of female, except only

5 flat spinous bristles on list of caudal process on

specimen examined.
36

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 25.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, USNM 105105: a, right mandible,

medial view; b, main tooth and large tooth of 2nd exopodite joint of right 5th limb, anterior

view. Female, [USNM 142387]: c, left maxilla, lateral view (terminal bristles of endites and

distal bristles of endopodite not shown); d, lateral view of left maxilla showing ^-bristles of

1st endopodial joint and a-bristles of end joint; e, medial view of end joint of right maxilla

showing b-, c-, and d-bristles of end joint; /, lateral view of left maxilla showing b-, c-, and

d bristles of end joint. Female. USNM 150278: g, tip of right 5th limb, posterior view; h, tip

of right 5th limb, anterior view; >, main tooth on 1st exopodite joint of right 5th limb.
NUMBER 241 37

FIGURE 26.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, [USNM 142387]: a, tip of left 5th

limb, posterior view; b, tip of right 5th limb, anterior view; c, main tooth and tip of large

tooth of 2nd exopodial joint of left 5th limb, posterior view; d, right 6th limb, medial view; e,

7th limb; /, tip of 7th limb; g, claws 8, 9, and 10 of right lamella of furca; h, anterior view

of body with appendages removed, medial eye and rod-shaped organ not shown; i, ventral

view of anterior part of body with appendages removed; ;', ventral view of upper lip, from i; k,

right part of body near furca showing Y-sclerite and right genital organ. Female USNM

150278: /, left lamella of furca. lateral view.
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FH.URE 27.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), adult male,

USNM 150102. whole specimen, length 1.50 mm.

Selvage: Similar to selvage of female.

Size: USNM 150102, length 1.50 mm, height 0.91

mm.

First Antenna (Figure 2$c,d): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 1 subterminal dorsal bristle, and long hairs

on medial surface. 3rd joint: short with 1 ventral

and 2 dorsal bristles. 4th joint: twice length of 3rd

joint, with 2 proximal ventral bristles and 1 subterminal dorsal bristle. 5th joint wedged ventrally

between 4th and 6th joints, sensory bristle with

abundant filaments on bulbous proximal part, stem

of sensory bristle posterior to proximal bulb with 4

distal filaments and bifurcate tip. 6th joint: long,

narrow, with medial bristle about same length as

joint. 7th joint: a-bristle about same length as bristle

of 6th joint, with few long proximal spines; bbristle, about one and one-half times the length of

a-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments; c-bristle very

long with 11 marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare, reaching past sensory bristle of 5th

joint; f-bristle very long, similar to c-bristle but with

10 marginal filaments; g-bristle slightly longer than

c- and d-bristles, with 4 marginal filaments and

bifurcate tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 28?):lst joint short with 4 bristles

(1 longer than others); 2nd joint elongate with 2

long ventral bristles near middle; 3rd joint elongate, reflexed on 2nd, with 2 short subterminal

bristles and knifelike tip. Exopodite: 1st joint

without distomedial spine; joints 2-8 with spines

along dorsal margin; bristle on 2nd joint reaching well past end of limb, with natatory hairs,

without ventral spines; 2nd joint only slightly

longer than 3rd, and 3rd joint only slightly longer

than 4th; bristles of joints 3-8 long, with natatory

hairs, without ventral spines; 9th joint with 3

bristles (2 long with natatory hairs; 1 dorsal, short,

bare), 2 slender spines on distal dorsal corner.

Mandible (Figure 28/): Coxale bare, without

endite. Basale: medial surface spinous with 4 short

proximal bristles on sclerotized ridge near proximal

ventral corner, one short bristle with short marginal

spines near middle of ventral margin, and 1 subterminal bristle with long proximal and short

distal spines (base of bristle almost on ventral margin); ventral margin with 3 long bristles near middle with long proximal and short distal spines;

dorsal margin with 2 long subterminal bristles.

Exopodite hirsute, about three-fourths length of 1st

endopodite joint, with 2 bare terminal bristles.

Endopodite: 1st joint with medial surface spinous,

ventral margin with 3 terminal bristles; 2nd joint

with ventral margin with 3 subterminal bristles

forming groups of 1 and 2 bristles each; dorsal

margin with 7 bristles (2 proximal to middle, 5

near middle); medial surface spinous; end joint

with 3 claws (dorsal of these very short), and 3 short

slender bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 29a,b): Limb reduced; precoxale

and coxale with dorsal fringe of hairs; coxale with

short dorsal bristle with long hairs. 1st endite with

5 weak bristles; 2nd endite with 6 weak bristles;

3rd endite with 1 short proximal bristle and 7 weak

distal bristles. Basale hirsute with 3 bristles along

distal margin. Exopodite with 1 short and 2 long

bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint hirsute with 1 bare

a-bristle and 2 bare /3-bristles; 2nd joint with 8

bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 29c): Limb weakly developed;

epopodial appendages with 53 bristles; 1st and 2nd

endites each with 1 small bristle; 3rd endite with

6 or 7 weak bristles; exopodite with 11 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 29d): Endite I without distinct lobe, with 2 short bristles; endite II forming

lobe with 3 long bristles; endite III longer than

endite II, with 7 bristles (5 hirsute, 2 with short

spines); endite IV with 5 bristles (3 hirsute, 2 with

long proximal and short distal spines); end joint

not produced posteriorly, with 9 or 10 bristles (posterior 2 of these hirsute, stouter and longer than

others); limb hirsute; epipodial bristle not observed

(limbs somewhat fragmented in that area on specimen examined).

Seventh Limb (Figure 29e): 4 short bristles in
NUMBER 241 39

FIGURE 28.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), adult male, USNM 150102, length 1.50 mm: a,

outline of whole specimen; b, hairs on posterior end of left valve; c, left 1st antenna, medial

view; d, right 1st antenna, lateral view; e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; /,

left mandible, medial view.
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 29.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), adult male, USNM 150102: a, maxilla, Pright

lateral; b, tip of maxilla, Pleft medial; c, distal end of 5th limb; d, 6th limb; e, 7th limb; /,

right lamella of furca, right copulatory organ and testes; g, anterior part of body showing

hirsute upper lip; h, right Y-sclerite, anterior to right.

proximal group (2 on each side), each with 3 or 4

bells; 4 bristles in distal group (2 on each side),

each with 6 or 7 bells and marginal spines distally;

terminus consisting of comb with 7 spinous or alate

teeth opposed by 2 pegs.

Furca (Figure 29/): Each lamella with 9 claws,

each separated from lamella by suture; claws decreasing in length posteriorly along lamella, more

slender than those of female furca; all claws with

teeth along posterior margin, proximal teeth larger

than distal teeth; claw 1 without large medial teeth

present on female claw; posterior 5 claws with

teeth also along ventral margins.

Eyes and Rod-shaped Organ: Absent.

Upper Lip: Projecting anteriorly, small processes

present on female not observed (Figure 29g).

Posterior of Body: Bare.

Y-Sclerite: Small ventral branch distally (Figure

29/J).

Genitalia: Copulatory organ with sclerotized terminal hook (Figure 29/).

Scleroconcha Skogsberg, 1920

Only one species of Scleroconcha was collected,

S. folinii (Brady, 1971). The specimens provided

an opportunity to give a supplementary description of the species.

DISTRIBUTION.—The genus is widespread between

the latitudes 50°N and 78°S at depths of intertidal

to about 1226 m. Species in the present collection

were from off Spanish Sahara and the Islamic

Republic of Mauritania, at depths of 260-270 m.

Scleroconcha folinii (Brady, 1871)

FIGURES 30-33; PLATES 15-19

Philomedes folinii Brady. 1871:294, pi. 27.
NUMBER 241 41

Philomedes Folini Brady.—Brady, 1872:60, pi. 5: fig. 3;

1879:213; 1886?: 164-166 [list].—Brady and Norman, 18%:

662. pi. 51: figs. 9, 10. pi. 56: figs. 11, 12.

Philomedes folini Brady.—Brady, 1880:160—Muller, 1912:26

[key], 30 [diagnosis].—Klie. 1943:49.—Kornicker, 1969b,

table 1.

Philomedes Folinii Brady.—Sars, 1888[1887]:22O. pl. 3: figs. 3.

4, pl. 9.—Muller, 1894:209.—Brady and Norman, 1896:760.

Philomedes (Scleroconcha) Folini Brady.—Skogsberg, 1920:

366, 367, 380.

Scleroconcha folini (Brady).—Poulsen, 1962:359 [locality map].

TYPE SPECIMENS.—Centre D'Etudes et de Recherche Scientifiques, Biaritz, France.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bay of Biscay.

MATERIAL.—USNM 141545, 1 ovigerous female

from station X048; USNM 152830, 1 adult female

and 6 juveniles from station X048; 3 juveniles from

station X048 deposited in Museum of Natural

History "Grigore Antipa"; USNM 156635, 1 specimen from station XO53.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bay of Biscay, water depth 64-128

in (Brady and Norman, 1896:664); Messina,

20-38 m (Sars. 1888[1887]:227); Gulf of Naples

(Muller, 1894:209); off west coast of Morocco,

33°3O/2O"N, 8°24'30"W, 55 m (Klie, 1943:49); off

Islamic Republic of Mauritania, 260-270 m

(herein); off Spanish Sahara, 22°57'N, 17°31'W,

930 m, and 23°00'N, 17°30'W, 932 m (see Kornicker, 1969b, table 1).

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace with prominent rostrum, shallow incisur, and

projecting posteroventral caudal process; greatest

height in front of middle, greatest length below

middle (Figure 30).

Ornamentation (Figure 30; Plates 15-16a): Surface with 5 longitudinal ribs (Figure 30): dorsal

FIGURE 30.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female. USNM

141545, whole specimen, length 2.56 mm.

rib just within dorsal margin and parallel to it,

with anterior end on rostrum and posterior end

just ventral to posterodorsal corner of valve; ventral rib just within ventral margin and parallel to

it, with anterior end at small anteroventral process

and posterior end on caudal process; main lateral

rib dorsal to valve middle and convex, with anterior end on rostral process and posterior end just

anterior to caudal process; short anterodorsal rib

with anterior end at rostrum and posterior end

intersecting with dorsal rib at peak of dorsal margin; linear rib below central adductor muscles

with anterior end at short vertical rib near small

anteroventral process and posterior end on low

broad node just anterior to posterior end of main

convex rib; lateral process on rostrum extending

past anterior end of rostrum; narrow rib extending

ventrally from inner end of incisur to point just

below incisur, where it forms minute process extending to anteroventral margin of valve and then

continues posteriorly to meet anteroventral process

at ventral end of short vertical rib; the narrow rib

combines with the short vertical rib to form a small

U-shaped rib. Surface of valve with shallow fossae

(Figure 30; Plate \ba-d), minute rimmed pores

(Plates \be,j, 16a) and scattered bristles emerging

from rimmed open pores (Plate \be)\ hairs along

outer edge of caudal process with short marginal

hairs (Plate \%b,c).

Infold: Infold on rostrum with 14 spinous bristles (Plate \6b,c,e); small bristle present below

inner end of incisur (Plate 16d) followed by space

and then 8 short spinous bristles forming row on

anteroventral list (Plate 17a,6); anteroventral infold

with about 10 striations (Plate 17a); ventral infold

bare; posteroventral and posterior list with numerous bristles in groups of up to 6 bristles; (Figure

31rt; Plates 17r, 18«); flap with 4-8 bristles present

between posterior list and posterior edge of valve

(Figure 31a; Plate 17r), some of these bristles may

be tubular with terminal opening (Plate \7e,f); 1

bristle present between flap and valve edge, close to

valve edge; inner end of incisur with spinous pair

of bristles medial to lamellar prolongation of selvage (Plate I6c,d).

Selvage: Striate lamellar prolongation with short

fringe present; prolongation discontinuous in area

of incisur (Figure 30; Plates 15c, \6c,d); outer

surface of prolongation with short hairs (Plate 19).

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of
42

about 11 ovoid individual scars. Muscles shown in

Plate ISd-f. All scars not shown in Figure 30.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Size: USNM 141545, separated left valve, length

2.56 mm, height 1.64 mm; USNM 152830, undisFICURE 31.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, length 2.56 mm: a, caudal

process of right valve, medial view; b, left 1st antenna, medial view; c, endopodite of right 2nd

antenna, medial view; d, tip of right 5th limb, anterior view.
NUMBER 241 43

sected specimen, length 2.64 mm, height 1.64 mm.

Brady and Norman (1896:663) gave the length of

the female as 2.6 mm, height 1.7 mm; Sars

(1888[1887]:221) gave the length of the female as

2.42 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 31fr): 1st joint: few short

spines forming distal rows on medial and lateral

surfaces near dorsal margin. 2nd joint: long proximal spines on medial surface near dorsal margin,

short spines forming row on medial surface near

middle of dorsal margin, short spines along ventral

margin, short spines on lateral surface at distal end,

and 3 spinous bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal, and 1

lateral). 3rd joint: short with 3 spinous bristles (1

ventral, 2 dorsal). 4th joint: few short spines along

ventral margin and 5 spinous bristles (3 ventral, 2

dorsal). 5th joint: elongate with sensory bristle

with 7 short proximal filaments and 4 short marginal filaments near tip. 6th joint: minute with

medial bristle with few long proximal spines and

short distal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle similar to

bristle on 6th joint but slightly longer; b-bristle

about one and one-half times length of a-bristle,

with 5 short marginal filaments; c-bristle longer

than b-bristle, about same length as sensory bristle

of 5th joint, with 9 marginal filaments (5 proximal,

4 distal). 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare, about

same length as c-bristle; f- and g-bristles about

same length as c-bristle, with 10 short marginal

filaments (6 proximal, 4 distal).

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

2-jointed (Figure 31c): 1st joint short with 6 short

spinous bristles (5 proximal, 1 distal); 2nd joint

long with 2 bristles (proximal bristle spinous, about

5 times length of 2nd joint; terminal bristle short,

about twice width of 2nd joint). Exopodite: 1st

joint with short medial terminal spine; bristles

of joints 2-4 relatively short, bare; bristles of joints

5-8 long, unbroken, with natatory hairs; 9th joint

with 7 bristles (1 short with short marginal spines,

4 long with natatory hairs, 2 medium with natatory

hairs); joints 3-8 with short basal spines; joints

2-8 with short spines forming row along distal

margin. (The absence of natatory hairs on the

bristles of exopodial joints 2-4 supports the findings

of Skogsberg (1920:367) and not the illustration of

Sars (1888[1887], pi. 9: fig. 3) which shows these

bristles to have natatory hairs.)

Mandible (Figure 32a): Coxale endite bifurcate,

spinous, with minute bristle near base. Basale:

medial surface with long hairs and 6 bristles (5

proximal, 3 pectinate and 2 spinous; and 1 near

middle); ventral margin with 7 spinous bristles (base

of proximal 5 of these on lateral surface); dorsal

margin with 3 spinous bristles (1 subterminal, 2

terminal). Exopodite hirsute, reaching past middle

of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, with 2

spinous subterminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint

with ventral margin with 3 spinous terminal bristles, dorsal margin with short spines on distal

corner; 2nd joint with dorsal margin with 4 spinous

proximal bristles, 6 longer spinous bristles near

middle, and 1 short triaenid medial bristle between

proximal and middle groups, ventral margin with

2 distal groups of bristles, each with 3 spinous

bristles, medial surface and ventral margin with

spines forming clusters; end joint with 3 claws and

4 bristles, all claws with faint minute teeth proximally or near middle of ventral margin.

Maxilla (Figure 326): Coxale with 1 stout plumose

dorsal bristle; both precoxale and coxale with

transparent fringed epipodite dorsally. 1st endite

with 11 distal bristles; 2nd endite with about 6

distal bristles; 3rd endite with about 7 distal bristle. Basale with 1 proximal bristle near margin of

3rd endite and 3 distal bristles (one of these very

short). Exopodite with 3 bristles (one of these very

short). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 a-bristle with

long proximal and short distal spines and 4

jg-bristles; end joint with 3 clawlike, pectinate

bristles, remaining bristles of end joint difficult to

study on mounted specimen.

Fifth Limb (Figures 3Id, 32c): Epipodial appendage with 53-57 bristles, Endite I with 6 bristles;

endite II with 7 bristles; endite III with 10 bristles.

Exopodite: 1st joint with anterior side with 2

bristles near middle and 1 short bristle on small

lobe near outer margin, main tooth consisting of

4 constituent pectinate teeth, anterior part of main

tooth smooth and triangular, 1 bristle with short

marginal spines present proximal to teeth of main

tooth; 2nd joint with posterior side with long

proximal d-bristle with few spines and group of 3

a- and b-bristles (middle long bristle with fewmarginal teeth, bare inner bristle about two-thirds

length of middle bristle, outer bristle only about

one-fourth length of middle bristle), presence or

absence of d-bristle on anterior side could not be

determined on specimen examined, inner curvature

of large tooth with small pointed tooth; 3rd joint
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with 2 spinous bristles on outer lobe and 3 bristles

on inner lobe (2 spinous, 1 with minute teeth); 4th

joint with 6 spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 33a):3 hirsute bristles in

place of epipodial appendage; endites I and II with

3 spinous bristles; endite II with few spines and

FIGURE 32.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female USNM 141545: a, right mandible, medial view;

b, left maxilla, lateral view; c, tip of left 5th limb, posterior view; d, right side of body

showing part of Y-sclerite, genitalia, and brushlike organ, anterior to right; e, right

Y-sclerite.
NUMBER 241 45

hairs on lateral surface; endite III with 8 spinous

bristles; endite IV with 7 spinous bristles; end

joint moderately prolonged posteriorly, with 23-25

spinous and plumose bristles; endites III and IV

and end joint with clusters of long hairs on lateral

and medial surfaces.

Seventh Limb (Figure 5$b,c): Each limb with 10

bristles (4 proximal, 2 on each side; and 6 distal, 3

FIGURE 33.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545: a, 6th limb; b, tip of 7th

limb; c, 7th limb; d, anterior of body showing lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ,

anterior process and upper lip; e, distal end of left lamella of furca, lateral view (marginal teeth

not shown). Specimen identified by Klie (see page 46): /, left lamella of furca, lateral view.
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

on each side), each bristle with 2-5 bells, tip of

bristles bell-like, about one-half diameter of proximal bells, bristles with marginal spines except

proximally; terminal comb with 12 teeth with few

or many long spines; 1 smooth recurved peg opposite comb (Figure 336).

Furca (Figure 33e,/): Each lamella with 13 claws

decreasing in length posteriorly on lamella, but

claws 6-13 sufficiently smaller than claws 1-5 to

prevent considering decrease to be gradual; claw 3

more slender than claw 4; claws 1-4, possibly others,

with teeth forming lateral and medial row along

posterior margin; claws 5-13 with small teeth along

anterior margins; anterior teeth closer to size of

posterior teeth on smaller claws; hairs present on

claws 1 and 2 near lamella, on lamella near base

of claws, and on lamella following claws.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 33d): Elongate with

about 9 short segments in middle part; tip pointed,

with 1 or more hairs projecting anteriorly from tip.

Eyes: Medial eye represented by a widening on

the proximal end of the rod-shaped organ, unpigmented (Figure 33d). Lateral eye small with 2 ommatidia (Figure 33d).

Upper Lip (Figure 33d): Projecting anteriorly,

hirsute with glandular processes at tip; large single

rounded process present between rod-shaped organ

and lip (Figure 33d).

Posterior of Body: Hairs present along lower part.

Y-Sclerite: Typical for genus (Figure 52d,e).

Genitalia: Consisting of small sclerotized oval

(Figure 32d).

Brushlike Organ: Consisting of 7 minute bristles

dorsal to genitalia and between anterior fork of

Y-shaped sclerite (Figure 32d).

Eggs: USNM 141545 with 6 eggs.

DISCUSSION OF SPECIMENS FROM OFF MOROCCO

REPORTED BY KLIE (1943:49).—Through the courtesy of Dr. Gerd Hartmann the senior author received from the Hamburg Zoological Museum 2

specimens in alcohol that had been identified by

Klie (1943) as Philomedes folini Brady. The vial

contained a complete specimen (length 2.07 mm,

height 1.49 mm), 1 smaller distorted empty shell

(length 1.55 mm, height 0.99 mm), and a label

stating, "Philomedes folini Brady, Weskuste von

Marokko: — Vanneau — Stat. LVI 33°3O'2O"N,

8°24'30"W, Tiefe 55 m, 24 Juni 1924." The left lamella of the furca, which was protruding out of the

shell of the larger specimen, is illustrated in Figure

33/. The endopodite of the 2nd antenna of that specimen was sufficiently visible through the shell to

determine that the specimen is a female. The

presence of only 11 furcal claws on the furca and

the small size of the carapace indicate it to be a

juvenile. The length of the 3rd furcal claw is

somewhat shorter relative to the 4th claw than that

on the furca of the adult female described herein,

but the similarity of the distribution of the ribs

on the carapace of Klie's specimen and on the

adult female described here leads us to concur with

Klie's identification.

PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE Kornicker, 1967

This subfamily contains two genera: Paramekodon Brady and Norman, 1896, and Pseudophilomedes Muller, 1893. Brady and Norman (1896:670)

reported Paramekodon inflatus in samples collected

off Spanish Sahara, at a depth of 1435 m, but no

specimens are in the present collection, possibly

because the maximum sampling depth was 1120 m,

and only three samples were collected below 1000

m. Members of the genus Pseudophilomedes are

reported herein for the first time from the west

coast of Africa. The adult male of members of this

subfamily was previously unknown. Adult males

of two species of Pseudophilomedes are described

herein.

Pseudophilomedes Muller, 1893

Three species of Pseudophilomedes were collected: P. angulatus Muller, 1894, P. tetrathrix, new

species, and P. thalassa, new species. A supplementary description is given of the lectotype of

P. foveolatus Muller from the Gulf of Naples. The

additional species in the genus is P. ferulanus

Kornicker, 1958.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of Pseudophilomedes

Key to the Genera of Pseudophilomedinae

Seventh joint of 1st antenna with b-bristle Pseudophilomedes

Seventh joint of 1st antenna without b-bristle Paramekodon
NUMBER 24 J 47

have previously been reported from the Gulf of

Naples (Miiller, 1894), the Great Bahama Bank

(Kornicker, 1958), the Atlantic shelf off Georgia

(Darby, 1965), and the Atlantic shelf off North

Carolina (Kornicker, 1967), at a depth range of

6-160 m. Species in the present collection were

from off Mauritania and Spanish Sahara at depths

of 150-534 m.

MICROSTR UCTU RES

NORMAL PORES.—All the species observed have

simple pores with bristles (hairs): female P. angulatus (Plate 21a), P. thalassa (Plate 24/), P. tetrathrix (Plate 28c). The hair-pores of the A-l male of

P. angulatus have crescent-like ribs forming a discontinuous rim around the bristle (Plate 22d-f).

Minute pustules containing a simple hairless pore

at the middle are present between fossae on P.

angulatus (Plates 2Id, 22d,<?) and P. tetrathrix

(Plates 27^, 28a,c). The pustules circumscribe the

edge of fossae on P. tetrathrix (Plate 28e,/). Small

pustules with a central pore that are either surrounded by a rim or are without rims are on bottom of fossae on P. angulatus (Plate 21c,d) and

P. tetrathrix (Plate 28d,e). Minute fossae on P.

tetrathrix have in the middle of their flat bottoms

a small pustule with a central pore.

ORNAMENTATION.—The female P. angulatus bears

well developed ribs (Plate 20a,c). Ribs are weakly

developed on the female P. tetrathrix; on the micrograph of the specimen examined ribs appear only

on the rostrum (Plate 26d). The female P. thalassa

bears small posterior nodes (Plate 24d). Nodes are

also present on the male P. angulatus (Figure 37),

but they did not appear on micrographs of the

specimen examined. Large oval fossae with flat

bottoms are present on P. angulatus (Plates 20e,f,

21c, 22), and P. tetrathrix (Plates 26d,f, 21b,c, 28e).

Oval fossae also are present in the area of the

adductor muscles and may represent places of

muscle attachment of P. angulatus (Plate 20/) and

P. tetrathrix (Plates 27a, 28a). The bottom of these

fossae differs from those in other parts of the valve

in having very few pores (Plate 286). Minute fossae

between the larger fossae discussed above form

clusters on P. tetrathrix (Plate 27d-f). On the bottom of the fossae in the area of the central adductor muscles, minute pappilae are visible at magnifications of about 15,000 (Plate 286).

BRISTLES.—Long and short bristles, broadening

near base are present on P. angulatus (Plates 20e,

21a, 22d-/), P. thalassa (Plate 24/), and P. tetrathrix (Plates 26d-/, 27a,6, 28c). Crenulations on the

base of the long bristles are less pronounced than

those observed on bristles of members of the

Philomedinae.

SELVAGE.—The lamellar prolongation of the selvage is fringed along the rostrum and lower margin

of the incisur, and the former overlaps the latter

in the incisur area of the female P. angulatus (Plate

20e) and P. tetrathrix (Plate 26c).

INFOLD.—Bristles on the rostral infold of the

male P. angulatus have marginal spines (Plate 236).

Setose bristles are present on the posterior end of

the list on the caudal process of the male P. angulatus (Plate 23c,d).

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM

The adult males are known for only two species:

P. thalassa and P. angulatus. The carapaces of males

are smaller than those of females. The rostrum of

the male P. thalassa overhangs the incisur, whereas,

the incisur of the female forms a right angle. The

carapace of the male P. angulatus does not have

the prominent horizontal ribs present on the carapace of the female.

FIRST ANTENNA.—The male limb differs from that

of the female primarily in having a small 5th joint

wedged ventrally between the 4th and 6th joints, a

sensory bristle (on 5th joint) with abundant long

proximal filaments, very long c- and f-bristles.

SECOND ANTENNA.—The protopodite and exopodite are similar to those of female; the male endopodite is 3-jointed with the 3rd joint reflexed on the

2nd; the female endopodite consists of only 1 short

joint.

MANDIBLE.—The male limb differs from that of

the female primarily in having a short bristle in

place of the large bifurcate coxale endite present

on the female.

MAXILLA.—The male limb much smaller than

that of the female and weakly developed.

FIFTH LIMB.—Male limb weakly developed and

without strong teeth on the 1st and 2nd exopodial

joints.

SIXTH LIMB.—No sexual dimorphism except

endite bristles of male limb with thinner and more

abundant marginal hairs.
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

SEVENTH LIMB.—Females with 6 bristles in distal

group and 4 in proximal group. Males with only 4

bristles in distal group and none or 1 in proximal

group for P. ihalassa and 2 in proximal group for

P. angulatus. Terminus of female limb with opposing combs. Terminus of male P. angulatus

similar to that of female, but terminus of male

P. thalassa without combs.

FURCA.—Males and females with same number

of furcal claws.

ROD-SHAPED ORGAN, MEDIAL EYE, AND UPPER

LIP.—No sexual dimorphism.

LATERAL EYE.—Lateral eye of female P. thalassa

small with 3-5 ommatidia; lateral eye of male

large with 19 ommatidia. Lateral eye of female

P. angulatus not observed; that of male minute

with 2 ommatidia.

BRUSHLIKE ORGAN.—About 5 bristles observed

near the female genitalia of P. angulatus, but not

on males and females of other species.

GENITALIA.—Female with small sclerotized ring;

male copulatory organ consisting of elongate lobes

with bristles and sclerotized hook.

ONTOGENY

The A-l males of P. angulatus, P. thalassa, and

P. tetrathrix, and the A-l female of P. angulatus

were examined. Except for being smaller, the outline and ornamentation of the carapace and the

distribution of infold bristles are similar to those

of the adult female.

FIRST ANTENNA.—Not examined in detail but in

general similar to that of the adult female.

SECOND ANTENNA.—Protopodite and exopodite

are similar to those of the adult female; A-l female

endopodite similar to that of the adult female; A-l

male endopodite 3-jointed, but the 3rd joint not

reflexed on the 2nd as on the adult male; also, 3rd

joint without terminal ridges.

MANDIBLE, MAXILLA, 5TH AND 6TH LIMBS.—Except

for A-l female of P. angulatus, these limbs were not

examined in detail, but in general are similar to

those of the adult female.

SEVENTH LIMB.—Bristles strongly tapered and

having 4 bristles in distal group in both sexes. The

A-l female of P. angulatus has 4 bristles in the

proximal group. The A-l male of P. angulatus

has either no bristles or 2 to 3 bristles in the proximal group (2 specimens without proximal bristles,

1 specimen with 2, and 1 specimen with 3). The

A-l male of P. tetrathrix (1 specimen) is without

proximal bristles. The A-l male of P. thalassa (1

specimen) has 1 proximal bristle. The adult females

of the 3 species studied have parallel sided bristles

(6 in the distal group and 4 in the proximal group).

Adult males of P. thalassa and P. angulatus have 4

distal bristles. The adult male of P. thalassa is

without bristles or has 1 bristle in the proximal

group (1 specimen with no bristles, 1 specimen

with 1 bristle); the adult male of P. angulatus has

2 bristles in the proximal group (1 specimen). The

terminus of the A-l male of P. thalassa is bare like

that of the adult male; the terminae of the A-l

males of P. tetrathrix and P. angulatus have opposing combs similar to those of the adults, but

with fewer teeth.

FURCA.—Number and distribution of claws are

similar to those of furca of adult.

ROD-SHAPED ORGAN, MEDIAL EYE, AND UPPER

LIP.—Similar to organs of adult.

LATERAL EYE.—A-l male of P. thalassa welldeveloped with 16 ommatidia; adult male of that

species also with well developed eye, but with 19

ommatidia. The lateral eyes of the A-l male of

P. tetrathrix are small and unpigmented, each with

Key to Adult Females of the Species of Pseudophilomedes

1. Furca with 8-10 claws 2

Furca with 6 (rarely 7) claws 3

2. End joint of maxilla with stout fingerlike bristle; rostral infold with 4 bristles; one of the

7th limbs with at least 6 proximal bristles P. ferulanus

End joint of maxilla without fingerlike bristle; rostral infold with 9-10 bristles; 7th limbs

with 4 proximal bristles P. thalassa, new species

3. 6th limb with 3 endites P. foveolatus

6th limb with 4 endites 4

4. Carapace with prominent horizontal ribs; carapace length 1.23-1.59 mm P. angulatus

Carapace without prominent horizontal ribs (some with subdued ribs); carapace length

0.93-1.17 mm P. tetrathrix, new species
NUMBER 241 49

about 12 minute ommatidia; the adult male P.

tetrathrix is unknown. Lateral eyes were not observed with certainty on either the A-l female,

A-l male, or the adult female of P. angulatus. The

adult male of P. angulatus has small lateral eyes,

each with 2 ommatidia.

GENITALIA.—Copulatory organ of A-l male

weakly developed, consisting of 2 lobes, one of

them with few bristles.

Pseudophilomedes angulatus Mtiller, 1894

FIGURES 34-40; PLATES 21-23

Pseudophilomedes angulata Miiller. 1894:212. pi. 3: figs. 50,

52, pi. 4: fig. 3.

HOLOTYPE.—Not selected by Mtiller; present

locality of syntypes, if extant, unknown.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.—USNM 154192, 1 adult female with

unextruded eggs from station X048; [USNM

156679], 1 juvenile from station X048; USNM

156682, 1 A-l male from station XO48 (valves

torn); USNM 156674, 1 adult male from station X054; USNM 156683, 1 A-l female from

station X054; USNM 150101, I A-l male from station X054; USNM 156645, 1 juvenile male from

station X053; USNM 154191, 1 A-l male from

station X072.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 34, 36;

Plates 20, 21).—Carapace larger and with more

strongly developed ribs than the carapace of P.

tetrathrix (Figure 34; Plate 20a-d); well-developed

rostrum overhanging incisur; caudal process small.

Ornamentation: Each valve with horizontal rib

FICURE 34.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller, female.

USNM 154192, whole specimen, length 1.59 mm.

(just within and parallel to ventral margin) and 2

horizontal midribs (1 above and 1 below valve middle (Figure 34; Plate 20a-d) anterior end of the 3

ribs connected anteriorly by vertical ridge whose

upper end continues onto rostrum (Plate 20e); less

strongly developed ribs present along dorsal margin

of valves; surface with well-developed fossae (Plates

20e,f, 21a); single hairs forming row along valve

edges and scattered over valve surface (Plates 20d,e,

21a); minute pores present on bottom of fossae

(Plate 2\c,d) and between fossae (Plate 21a,6).

Infold: Broad in area of rostrum and caudal

process, narrower elsewhere; infold behind rostrum

with 4 spinous bristles forming row parallel to edge

of rostrum; infold immediately ventral to rostrum

with 1 short bristle; infold in front of caudal process with 5 spinous bristles near top of list; anteroventral infold with about 3 ridges paralleling valve

margin.

Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation

present along anterior, ventral and posterior margins of each valve; prolongation divided at inner

corner of incisur (Plate 20e).

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of

numerous small ovoid scars (Figure 34); fossae in

vicinity of muscle attachments smaller than fossae

elsewhere (Plate 20/).

Size: USNM 154192, length 1.59 mm, height 0.81

mm (Figure 35). Mtiller (1912:34) gave the length of

a female from the Gulf of Naples as 1.23 mm.

First Antenna: 1st joint: bare. 2nd joint: spines

forming rows along ventral and dorsal margins and

on medial surface, with 1 bare dorsal bristle

reaching just past distal margin of 3rd joint. 3rd

joint: 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal), both with

short marginal spines and reaching past distal margin of 4th joint. 4th joint: 4 bristles (3 ventral,

outer of these with few long proximal spines and

reaching past 8th joint, middle bristle with few

long proximal spines and short spines distally and

reaching past distal margin of 5th joint, inner bristle

with short marginal spines and not reaching distal

margin of 5th joint; and 1 dorsal with long proximal

and short distal spines and just reaching distal

margin of 5th joint). 5th joint: sensory bristle with

6 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. 6th joint:

medial bristle short, with short marginal spines. 7th

joint: a-bristle little more than twice length of

bristle of 6th joint, with few short marginal spines;

b-bristle slightly longer than a-bristle; c-bristle same
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

I.I

1.0

E 0.9

E

I 0.8

0.7

0.6

R tetrathrix

R angulatus

R thalassa

9.

A

O

D

•

•

•

A A

1.2 1.3 1.4 I.S

CARAPACE LENGTH (mm)

1.8

FIGURE 35.—Comparison of relationship between carapace length and height of adult males

and females of Pseudophilotned.es angulatus, P. thalassa, new species, and P. tetrathrix, new

species. Only specimens in present collection are included in graph.

length as sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 marginal

filaments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare, about same length as c-bristle; f- and

g-bristles about same length as c-bristle, with 5

marginal filaments and bifurcate tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

single jointed with short bare proximal anterior

bristle and 1 longer terminal bristle with few long

proximal spines and short distal spines. Exopodite:

terminal margin of 1st joint with short recurved

medial bristle; distal margins of joints 2-8 with

spines forming row; bristle of 2nd joint just

reaching past distal end of 9th joint, with about 13

stout ventral spines followed by slender hairlike

spines; bristles of joints 3-8 relatively short, with

stout ventral spines except near knifelike tip, no

natatory hairs; 9th joint with 3 short bristles

(ventral bristle longer with stout ventral spines;

middle bristle only slightly shorter than ventral

bristle, with short marginal spines; dorsal bristle

very short, bare).

Mandible: Coxale endite with bifurcate spinous

tip; minute process present between base of

branches forming tip. Basale: dorsal margin with

1 subterminal bristle about one and one-half times

width of joint, with few marginal spines, and 2

terminal bristles reaching past distal end of 1st

endopodite joint (lateral bristle bare; medial bristle

with few long proximal spines and short distal

spines); medial surface spinous with 1 short bristle

(with short marginal spines) near middle of ventral

margin; 1 long distal bristle with long proximal

and short distal spines present near ventral margin

but with base on medial surface; 2 minute bristles

present on ventral margin distal to middle. Exopodite spinous, not reaching middle of dorsal margin

of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 terminal bristles

(lateral bristle reaching past distal end of 1st

endopodite joint, with long proximal and short

distal spines; medial bristle shorter, with short

marginal spines). Endopodite: 1st joint with 2

ventral bristles (medial bristle reaching just past

tip of limb, with long proximal and short distal

spines; lateral bristle not reaching tip of limb, with

short marginal spines), medial surface spinous

distally; 2nd joint with medial surface with spines
NUMBER 241 51

forming about 7 rows, dorsal margin with 4 bristles

(1 proximal, 3 near middle bare or with short marginal spines), ventral margin with 1 subterminal

bristle and 2 shorter terminal bristles; end joint

with 1 long claw, 1 long spinous lateral bristle

reaching well past middle of claw, 1 short claw

(with ventral hairs proximally) with base on medial

edge of joint near middle, and 2 short spinous

bristles, 1 ventral and 1 dorsal to short claw.

Maxilla: Precoxale and coxale with dorsal fringe

of hairs; coxale with short hirsute dorsal bristle.

Endite I with 2 spinous bristles and 3 stout terminal pectinate bristles; endite II with 2 stout

terminal pectinate bristles and 2 shorter slender

bristles; endite III about half length of endites I

and II, with 3 bristles (2 short, 1 long). Exopodite

consisting of 3 bristles on lateral side of 1st endopodite joint near basale. Basale hirsute with 2 bristles

on distal margin (1 ventral, 1 lateral near dorsal

margin). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 short spinous

subterminal dorsal bristle and 1 longer, spinous,

terminal bristle near middle of dorsal margin; end

joint with 3 slender tapered ringed bristles (Figure

36a).

Fifth Limb: Same as that of female P. tetrathrix.

Sixth Limb: Endite I with 3 spinous bristles (1

longer than others); endite II with 1 long bristle

with long proximal and short distal spines, or additional shorter distal bristle with short spines; endite

III with 5 spinous bristles; endite IV with 4 spinous

bristles; end joint with 7 bristles (posterior 2 of

these hirsute, remaining with long proximal and

short distal spines); 1 short bristle with short marginal spines present in place of epipodial appendage; surface of appendage hirsute.

Seventh Limb: 6 bristles in distal group (3 on

each side), 4 bristles in proximal group (2 on each

side, each bristle with 2-6 bells and distal marginal

spines; terminus consisting of opposing combs,

about 5 spinous teeth on 1 comb, opposing comb

with about 10 teeth (3-4 alate flat-tipped teeth on

each side of 3 longer teeth with rounded tips).

Furca (Figure 366): Each lamella with 6-7 claws:

claw 4 much stouter and longer than claw 3; claw

1 with relatively small medial tooth near middle,

teeth along posterior margin, and few hairs along

anterior margin; remaining claws with teeth along

posterior margin; claws 5-6, or 5-7 with few anterior teeth or spines. Anterior margin of lamella

with few spines; lamella following claws with hairs.

FIGURE 36.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller, female,

USNM 154192: a, bristles on end joint of left maxilla, lateral

view; b, right lamella of furca, lateral view; c, anterior of

body showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior

process, and upper lip; d, posterior of body above furca

showing Y-sclerite, genitalia, and brushlike organ; e, left and

right lateral eyes.

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, about 6 segments

in middle part; tip rounded with minute spine

(Figure 36c).

Eyes: Lateral eye minute (Figure 36e), but not

observed with certainty; medial eye bare, unpigmented (Figure 36c).

Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 36c).

Y-Sclerite: Normal for family (Figure 36d).

Genitalia and Brushlike Organ (Figure 36d):

Genitalia consisting of small sderotized ring on

each side; brushlike organ consisting of about 5

small bristles near genitalia.

Eggs: USNM 154192 with about 5 large unextruded eggs.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 37-39).—

Carapace with straight hinge line, overhanging

rostrum and projecting caudal process (Figure 37).
52

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FICURK 37.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller, adult male,

USNM 156674, whole specimen, length 1.43 mm.

Ornamentation: Distinct shallow fossae abundant

on valve surface (Figure 37); narrow ridge projecting

laterally along ventral margin of rostrum and

extending slightly onto anterior part of valve

posterior to rostrum; posterodorsal part of valve

with low node; long bristles present along outer

margin and sparsely distributed on lateral surface,

some with as many as 4 strands, usually 1 or 2.

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 4 or 5 spinous

bristles; infold of caudal process with 5 spinous

bristles near top of list.

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of

about 20 individual scars (Figure 37).

Size: USNM 156674, length 1.43 mm, height 0.73

mm, height 51 percent of length (Figure 35).

First Antenna (Figure 38a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 1 dorsal bristle with long marginal spines.

3rd joint: short with 1 dorsal bristle with long

marginal spines and 1 ventral bristle with few

short marginal spines. 4th joint about twice length

of 3rd, with 1 dorsal bristle with long marginal

spines. 5th joint: small, triangular, wedged between

4th and 6th joints ventrally; sensory bristle with

bulbous base with abundant long filaments and

long stem with 1 long proximal filament, 3 short

distal filaments, and bifurcate tip. 6th joint: medial

bristle about same length as 5th joint. 7th joint:

a-bristle reaching just past tip of bristle of 6th joint;

b-bristle about 50 percent longer than a-bristle,

with 2 long proximal filaments, 1 shorter distal

filament, and bifurcate tip; c-bristle very long with

about 9 marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and ebristles bare, of equal length, reaching just past tip

of sensory bristle of 5th joint; f-bristle similar to

c-bristle; g-bristle same length as d- and e-bristles,

with 5 short marginal filaments and bifurcate tip.

(Limb illustrated has 1st joint bent upward so that

lateral side is shown instead of medial.)

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 386): 1st joint short with 2 short

proximal, anterior bristles; 2nd joint with 1 bristle

proximal to middle; 3rd joint reflexed on 2nd,

with 2 short subterminal bristles and ridged tip.

Exopodite (Figure 38c): 1st joint with small, medial,

terminal bristle; bristles of joints 2-8 with natatory

hairs but without spines; 9th joint with 4 bristles

(2 long with natatory hairs, 2 short with short hairs

or bare); joints 2-8 with short spines forming row

along terminal margin.

Mandible (Figure 38d): Coxale endite represented

by small spine. Basale: medial surface spinous, with

1 short proximal bristle, and 1 short bristle nearer

middle, both near ventral margin; ventral margin

with 3 long bristles with long marginal spines;

dorsal margin with 1 bristle distal to middle and 2

terminal bristles. Exopodite about one-third length

of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 long terminal bristles. Endopodite: medial surface of 1st joint with

spines forming rows; ventral margin with 2 long,

subterminal bristles with long proximal and short

distal marginal spines, and 1 short bristle; 2nd

joint with medial and lateral surfaces with spines

forming rows; dorsal margin with bristles forming

2 groups proximal to middle (1 bristle in proximal

group, 3 in distal group); ventral margin with 3

short subterminal bristles; end joint with 1 long

claw with proximal spines along ventral margin,

1 spinous bristle reaching past middle of claw, 1

short ventral bristle with spines along ventral

margin, 1 short medial bristle, and 1 short clawlike

medial bristle ventral to and longer than short

medial bristle.

Maxilla (Figure 38e): Limb weakly developed,

reduced. Precoxale and coxale with fringe of long

hairs dorsally; coxale with short dorsal bristle.

Endite I with 4 broad flat transparent terminal

bristles with rounded tips; endite II with 5 broad

transparent terminal bristles; endite III obscure

with 1 or 2 bristles (these could be interpreted as

being on endite II). Exopodite consisting of 2 long

and 1 short ringed, spinous bristles with bases on

1st endopodite joint near proximal margin. Basale

hirsute, with 2 or 3 bristles along distal margin.

Endopodite: 1st joint with long hairs on dorsal

margin and 2 transparent terminal bristles (1
NUMBER 241

53

FIGURE 38.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller, adult male, USNM 156674: a, right 1st antenna,

lateral view of twisted 1st joint, medial view of remaining joints; b, endopodite of right 2nd

antenna, medial view; c, exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view (bristles of joints 2-8 not

shown); d, left mandible, medial view; e, maxilla; /, tip of 5th limb; g, bristles on tip of 5th

limb opposite limb shown in /; h, right lamella of furca, lateral view.
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

dorsal, 1 ventral); end joint with 4 transparent

bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 38/,g): Epipodial appendage

with 48 bristles. Single endite present with 1 short

bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 3 proximal ringed

bristles and 4 weak, finger-formed distal teeth; 2nd

joint with 3 terminal, weak, finger-formed teeth;

3rd joint with inner lobe with 1 ringed bristle,

outer lobe with 2 longer bristles with long proximal

hairs; 4th and 5th joints fused, hirsute, with 4

ringed terminal bristles with short marginal spines.

Sixth Limb (Figure 39a): Endite I with 3 short

bristles; endite II with 1 or 2 short bristles (1 with

long marginal hairs, other, if present, with short

spines); endite III with 3 long hirsute bristles and

2 shorter bristles with short marginal spines; endite

IV with 2 hirsute bristles (1 long, 1 short) and 2

short bristles with short marginal spines; end joint

with 5 short anterior bristles with long proximal

hairs and short distal spines and 2 long hirsute

posterior bristles; limb hirsute; 1 short bristle in

place of epipodial appendage.

Seventh Limb (Figure 396): 4 bristles in distal

group (2 on each side), 2 bristles in proximal

group (1 on each side), each bristle with 4-6 bells

and few distal marginal spines; terminus consisting

of opposing combs, about 8 spinous teeth on one

comb and 3 on other.

Furca (Figure 38/i): Each lamella with 6 claws

all separated from lamella by a suture; claw 4

stouter and longer than claw 3; claw 5 shorter than

claw 3; all claws with distal teeth smaller than

proximal teeth; claw 1 without large tooth present

on female.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 39c): Elongate with

about 11 short segments in the proximal two-thirds;

tip rounded but with minute cleft in middle.

Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 39c); lateral eye

FICURE 39.—Pseudophilomed.es angulatus Miiller, adult male, USNM 156674: a, 6th

limb; b, 7th limb; c, anterior of body showing lateral eye, medial eye and rodshaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip; d, left lateral eye; e, right copulatory

organ.
NUMBER 241 55

small with 2 ommatidia (1 of these divided) (Figure

39c, d).

Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 39c).

Copulatory Organ: Elongate with 2 or 3 terminal

lobes, 1 hirsute and 1 with sclerotized hook (Figure

me).

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 40a-c; Plates

22, 23).—Carapace resembles that of adult female

but horizontal ribs subdued on some specimens;

surface with shallow fossae (Plate 22c), minute

pores (Plate 22d), and long bristles (Plate 22c-/).

Infold (Plate 23): Rostral infold with 4 spinous

bristles; infold of caudal process with 5 spinous

bristles forming row at top of list; 1 short bristle

on anteroventral infold below incisur.

Size: USNM 150101, length 1.30 mm, height 0.81

mm, height 62 percent of length; USNM 156645,

length 1.36 mm, height 0.75 mm, height 55 percent

of length; USNM 154191, length 1.32 mm, height

0.79 mm, height 60 percent of length.

First Antenna: Not examined in detail but

similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure

406): 1st joint with 2 short anterior bristles; 2nd

joint elongate with 2 ventral bristles, longer of these

with few short spines; 3rd joint elongate with 2

short terminal bristles. Exopodite: bristles short

without natatory hairs; bristles on joints 2-8 and

ventral bristle of 9th joint with ventral spines; 9th

joint with 3 bristles.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th Limbs: Not examined in detail, but, in general, similar to limbs

of female.

Seventh Limb: 4 bristles in distal group (2 on

each side); USNM 156645 and 154191 without

proximal bristles; USNM 150101 with 3 bristles in

proximal group (2 on 1 side, 1 on other); USNM

156682 with 2 proximal bristles (1 on each side);

all bristles tapering distally; terminus with opposing

combs with 5 alate teeth in one comb and 2 spinous

teeth in other.

Furca: Each lamella with 6 claws; similar to that

of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult male.

Eyes: Lateral eye not observed with certainty (if

present, small, not pigmented); medial eye similar

to that of adult male and female.

Copulatory Organ: Weakly developed (Figure

40c).

DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE (Figure 40d-g).—

FIGURE 40.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller, A-l male, USNM 150101, length 1.30 mm:

a, outline of left valve showing some central adductor muscle scars, lateral ribs not shown;

b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view. A-l male, USNM 156645, length 1.36 mm;

c, left copulatory organ. A-l female, USNM 156683, length 1.36 mm: d, outline of left valve,

lateral ribs not shown; e, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, 7th limb; g, right

lateral eye (not observed with certainty).
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Carapace similar in outline and ornamentation to

that of A-l male (Figure 40d).

Infold: Same as that of A-l male.

Size: USNM 156683, length 1.36 mm, height

0.79 mm, height 58 percent of length.

First Antenna: Not examined in detail but similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: Endopodite 1-jointed with 2

short proximal anterior bristles and 1 long terminal

bristle (Figure 40e). Exopodite similar to that of

A-l male.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th Limbs: Not examined in detail but, in general, similar to those

of adult female.

Seventh Limb (Figure 40/): 4 tapered bristles

in distal group, 2 on each side; each bristle with

4 bells; 4 tapered bristles in proximal group, 2 on

each side, each bristle with 2 bells; terminus with

opposing combs with 7 teeth in one and 2 in other.

Furca: Each lamella with 6 claws; similar to that

of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult female.

Eyes: Lateral eye not observed with certainty, if

present, minute, unpigmented (Figure 40g); medial

eye similar to that of adult female.

REMARKS.—Muller (1894:212) did not describe

or illustrate the 7th limb of females P. angulatus

collected in the Gulf of Naples. He did, however,

list differences between P. angulatus and P. foveolatus. Because he did not state that the 7th limb

of those species differed, it may be assumed that

they were similar. The 7th limb of P. foveolatus

illustrated by Muller (1894, pi. 3: fig. 47) bears 2

proximal bristles. The 7th limb of the adult female

P. angulatus from west Africa bears 4 proximal

filaments. Until the variability of this character is

better known in both the west African and Gulf of

Naples' populations, it is not possible to conclude

that the populations differ in the number of proximal bristles on the 7th limb. A certain amount of

variability of this character is suggested by the

range of 0 to 3 proximal bristles found on the 7th

limb of 4 A-l males from west Africa described

herein. The length of the only adult female in

the present collection is 1.59 mm, longer than the

length of the female (1.23 mm) described by Muller

(1894:212) from the Gulf of Naples.

The adult female and juveniles of both sexes of

P. angulatus have horizontal ribs on the carapace

that are absent on the adult male. This raises

doubt as to whether the male has been correctly

identified. The 6 claws on the caudal furca of the

male indicate that it could not be P. thalassa which

has 8 furcal claws. The only species of Pseudophilomedes with 6 claws on the furca collected in

the area are P. angulatus and P. tetrathrix. The

male was assigned to P. angulatus rather than P.

tetrathrix because it is larger than the adult female of P. tetrathrix, but smaller than the adult

female of P. angulatus, and because of its small

lateral eye, which contained only 2 ommatidia. The

lateral eyes on the A-l male of P. tetrathrix contained many more ommatidia, whereas lateral eyes

were not observed on the A-l male of P. angulatus.

The relative size was used as a character for referring the male to P. angulatus rather than P. tetrathrix because the adult male of P. thalassa is smaller

than the adult female, and in that species both

sexes are almost certainly identified correctly.

Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species

FIGURES 41-48; PLATES 24, 25

HOLOTYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 290, adult female,

length 1.68 mm, appendages and valves in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Thalassa station X048.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species named for the research

vessel Thalassa.

ALLOTYPE.—USNM 154190, adult male from

station X072.

PARATYPES.—USNM 150104, 154188, 154189, 156-

602, 4 ovigerous females from station X048; USNM

156609, adult female from station X048; USNM 156-

605, 1 adult male from station A8a; USNM 156678,

3 specimens from station X048; USNM 156680, 1

adult male from station X048; USNM 156681, 1

A-l male from station XO48.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 41-44; Plates

24, 25).—Carapace with straight hinge line, greatest

height in front of middle, incisur forming right

angle, small caudal process (Figures 41, 42; Plate

24fe-d).

Ornamentation: Surface with shallow fossae,

(Plate 24e,f), single hairs forming row along edges

of valves and scattered over valve surface (Plate

246,/); minute nodes present in posterodorsal part

of each valve (Figures 41, 42; Plate 24a,d).

Infold: Broad in area of rostrum and caudal
NUMBER 241 57

FIGURE 41.—Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female,

USNM 154188, paratype, whole specimen, length 1.58 mm.

and dorsal view of right valve.

FIGURE 42.—Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female,

USNM 150104, paratype, whole specimen, length 1.63 mm.

process, narrower elsewhere (Plate 25a-c); infold

behind rostrum with 9 or 10 long spinous bristles

forming row parallel to edge of rostrum (Figure

43a, Plate 256); infold immediately ventral to

rostrum with 1 short bristle; infold in front of

caudal process with 6 spinous bristles near top of

list (Figure 436); anteroventral infold with about 3

ridges paralleling valve margin (Plate 25a).

Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation

present along anterior, ventral, and posterior

margin of each valve (Plates 24c, 256); prolongation

divided at inner corner of incisur.

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of

about 35 widely dispersed individual ovoid scars

(Figures 41, 42; Plate 25d).

Size: USNM 150104, length 1.63 mm, height 1.06

mm; height 65 percent of length; USNM 154188,

length 1.58 mm, height 1.04 mm; height 66 percent

of length; USNM 154189, length 1.72 mm, height

1.08 mm, height 63 percent of length; USNM

156602, length 1.70 mm, height 1.06 mm, height 62

percent of length; USNM 156609, length 1.71 mm,

height 1.07 mm, height 63 percent of length; holotype, length 1.68 mm, height 1.04 mm, height 62

percent of length (Figure 35).

First Antenna (Figure 43c): 2nd joint: 1 dorsal

bristle with short marginal spines, short spines

along dorsal margin, and long proximal hairs on

medial surface near ventral margin. 3rd joint: 2

bristles with short marginal spines, each about

twice length of bristle on 1st joint. 4th joint: 1

dorsal bristle (with short marginal spines) almost

reaching distal end of 6th joint, and 2 ventral

bristles (with medium length proximal spines and

short distal spines) reaching well past end of stem.

5th joint: long, with sensory bristle with 2 short

proximal filaments, 1 short distal filament, and

bifurcate tip. 6th joint: short, medial bristle short,

with short marginal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle 2 to

3 times length of bristle of 6th joint, with short

marginal spines; b-bristle 3 to 4 times length of

bristle of 6th joint, with bifurcate tip; c-bristle

about same length as sensory bristle, with 4 short

marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint:

d- and e-bristles bare with truncate tip; length about

same as sensory bristle; f-bristle with 3 proximal

marginal filaments, 1 double distal filament, and

bifurcate tip; g-bristle with 1 proximal filament,

1 distal filament, and bifurcate tip; f- and g-bristles

about same size as sensory bristle.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

single-jointed, with 2 short bare proximal anterior

bristles and 1 longer terminal bristle with long

proximal and short distal spines (Figure 43d,e).

Exopodite: terminal margin of 1st joint with 1

short recurved medial spine; distal margins of

joints 2-8 with faint spines forming row; bristle

of 2nd joint very long, about one and one-half times

length of stem joints 1-9, with 18 stout proximal
58

spines along ventral margin and natatory hairs

distally; bristles of joints 3-8 with distal natatory

hairs and stout proximal spines along ventral

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

margin; 9th joint with 3 bristles (ventral bristles

long, with stout, proximal, ventral spines and distal

natatory hairs; middle bristle shorter, with slender,

FIGURE 43.—Pscudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female, USNM 150104, paratype, length

1.63 mm: a, rostrum of left valve, medial view; b, caudal process of left valve, medial view;

c, right 1st antenna, medial view; d, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /, right mandible, medial view; g, coxale and basale

and endites of left maxilla, medial view; h, basale and endopodite of left maxilla, lateral view;

i, right maxilla, lateral view; ;, tip of endopodite of right maxilla, lateral view, from i; k, anterior of body showing left lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, and upper lip:

/, rod-shaped organ, dorsal view under cover slip.
NUMBER 241 59

proximal, ventral spines and distal natatory hairs;

dorsal bristle short with very short marginal hairs

or spines).

Mandible (Figure 43/): Coxale endite with

bifurcate tip, each with strong terminal spine or

tooth and smaller marginal spines (distal prong

with 5 marginal spines; proximal prong with about

25 marginal spines, some very small). Basale: dorsal

margin with 3 bristles (1 distal to middle, 2

terminal); medial surface near ventral margin with

2 or 3 short spinous bristles and 1 longer spinous

terminal bristle. Exopodite spinous, with 2 terminal

bristles, outer bristle slightly shorter than inner.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 ventral bristles (inner

medial bristle with long proximal and short distal

spines, remaining bristles shorter and with short

marginal spines); 2nd joint with ventral and medial

spines, dorsal margin with 1 proximal bristle and

4 near middle, ventral margin with 3 subterminal

bristles (1 proximal, 2 distal); end joint with 1

long claw with base on lateral side of joint edge,

1 short claw with base on medial edge of joint near

ventral margin, 1 minute claw with base on medial

edge of joint near dorsal margin, and 3 annulate

bristles, longest of these lateral and just reaching

past middle of long claw.

Maxilla (Figure 43g-/): Precoxale and coxale with

dorsal fringe of hairs; coxale with long hirsute

dorsal bristle. Endite I with 1 long spinous bristle,

1 short spinous proximal bristle, and 3 short stout

pectinate terminal bristles; endite II with 2 short

stout pectinate terminal bristles and 2 short slender

proximal spinous bristles; endite III about half

length of endite II, with 2 short slender proximal

bristles and 2 longer spinous terminal bristles.

Exopodite consisting of short lobe with 3 bristles

(2 long, 1 short) with short marginal spines. Basale

hirsute with 3 slender bristles along distal margin.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 slender distal bristle

on anterior margin and 1 longer, stouter, spinous

terminal bristle; end joint with 5 bristles (3 short,

2 long; inner of long bristles shorter but slightly

stouter than outer bristle, both with marginal

spines).

Fifth Limb (Figure 44a-;): Single endite present

with 1 short bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with large

proximal tooth consisting of 3 prongs and 3 or 4

bristles, large distal tooth consisting of 4 prongs, and

a single short bristle distal to endite bristle present

on anterior side of 1st joint (possibly 2nd endite?);

2nd joint with large fanglike tooth (inner edge

of fanglike tooth with single short distal tooth)

followed by tooth with 3 large prongs and 1 short

prong and by proximal tooth with 3 prongs,

posterior side of 2nd joint with 2 bristles (1 short

slender, 1 long, stout); 3rd joint with 2 slender

bristles on outer lobe and 1 on inner lobe; 4th

and 5th joints fused, with 4 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 44A,Z): Endite I with 3

spinous bristles (1 long, 2 short); endite II with 1

long spinous bristle; endite III with 5 spinous

bristles; endite IV with 4 spinous bristles; end joint

with 9 bristles, posterior 2 of these hirsute, remaining spinous; 1 bristle with short faint marginal

spines present in place of epipodial appendage;

surface of appendage hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 44m,n): 6 bristles in distal

group (3 on each side), 4 bristles in proximal group

(2 on each side), each bristle with 3-7 bells and few

marginal distal spines; terminus consisting of opposing combs with faint teeth without marginal spines,

about 9 or 10 on one comb, about 3 or 4 on other.

Furca (Figure 44o,p): Each lamella with 8 or 9

claws (usually 8); claw 4 much stouter and about

the same length or longer than claw 3; posterior

4 or 5 claws secondary; claw 1 with large medial

tooth near middle and smaller teeth proximally on

lateral and medial sides; claws 2 and 4 with small

teeth forming medial and lateral rows near concave

margin; claw 3 with few faint teeth; claws 5-8 or

5-9 with faint spines along anterior and posterior

margins; claws 1 and 2 with faint distal hairs along

anterior margins; margin of lamella following claws

with 1-4 short spines.

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, about 7 short segments in middle part; tip rounded with short

terminal spine (Figure 43k,t).

Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 43A); lateral eye

small with reddish pigment in preserved material,

with 3-5 yellow ommatidia (Figure 43k).

Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 43A).

Eggs: USNM 150104 with 12 eggs in marsupium;

USNM 154188 with 3 eggs.; USNM 154189 with 4

eggs: USNM 156602 with 10 eggs.

Parasites: Holotype with 1 cyproniscid isopod in

marsupium; USNM 156609 with 2 cyproniscid

isopods and 1 clutch of isopod eggs in marsupium

of ostracode.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 45-47).—

Carapace with straight hinge line, large overhanging
60

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 44.—Pseudophilomed.es thalassa, new species, female, USNM 150104, paratype: a, tip of

left 5th limb, anterior view, not under cover slip; b, tip of left 5th limb, anterior view; c, detail

of distal lobe of 1st exopodial joint, from b; d, detail of endite bristle and proximal tooth of 1st

exopodial joint, from b; e, tip of right 5th limb, posterior view; /, proximal and distal teeth

of 1st exopodial joint, from e; g, tip of left 5th limb, posterior view; h, proximal tooth of left

5th limb, posterior view; i, detail of teeth along inner margin of large tooth of 2nd exopodial

joint, from g; j , tip of left 5th limb, posterior view; k, right 6th limb, medial view; /, left 6th

limb, lateral view; tn, 7th limb; n, detail of tip of 7th limb, from m; o, right lamella of furca,

lateral view; p, left lamella of furca. medial view.
NUMBER 241 61

rostrum, broad open incisur, and projecting caudal

process (Figures 45, 46, 47a); anterior margin of

rostrum with rim and with minute processes.

Ornamentation: Carapace with shallow punctae

on well-preserved specimens (Figure 45); posterior

of valve with few small nodes (Figure 45); long

double hairs present on posterior part of valve;

long hairs present along anterior and ventral

margin.

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 8 long bristles

forming row parallel to edge of rostrum; infold

immediately ventral to incisur with 1 short bristle;

infold in front of caudal process with 6 spinous

bristles near top of list.

Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation

along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins.

Size: USNM 154190, length 1.38 mm. height 0.80

FIGURE 45.—Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, adult

male, USNM 156605, paratype, whole valve with punctae

visible, length 1.40 mm.

FIGURE 46.—Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, adult

male, USNM 154190, allotype. whole valve without visible

punctae. length 1.38 mm.

mm, height 58 percent of length; USNM 156605,

length 1.40 mm, height 0.84 mm, height 60 percent

of length; USNM 156680, length 1.40 mm, height

0.88 mm, height 63 percent length (Figure 35).

First Antenna (Figure 476): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: short dorsal bristle with short marginal

spines. 3rd joint: short, with 1 dorsal bristle and 1

shorter ventral bristle, both with short marginal

spines. 4th joint: long dorsal bristle with short

marginal spines. 5th joint: small, triangular, wedged

ventrally between 4th and 6th joints; sensory

bristle of 5th joint with bulbous base with abundant

long filaments and long stem with 4 marginal

filaments. 6th joint with medial bristle reaching

well past 8th joint. 7th joint: a-bristle almost twice

length of bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle almost twice

length of a-bristle, with 2 long filaments near

middle, and bifurcate tip; c-bristle very long, stout,

with 9 short filaments on broken bristle of examined specimen. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare,

of equal length, reaching well past tip of sensory

bristle of 5th joint; f-bristle similar to c-bristle, also

broken on specimen examined, with 10 short

marginal filaments on stump; g-bristle same length

as d- and e-bristles, with 7 marginal filaments and

bifurcate tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 47c): 1st joint short, with 1 or 2

short proximal anterior bristles; 2nd joint elongate,

with 1 bristle proximal to middle; 3rd joint reflexed

on 2nd, with 2 short subterminal bristles and ridged

tip. Exopodite: 1st joint bare; bristles of joints 2-8

with natatory hairs but without spines; 9th joint

with 4 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 2 short

with short hairs); joints 2-8 with short spines

forming row along terminal margin; 9th joint with

few spines forming medial row on distal margin;

joints 2-9 with minute spine on dorsal corner.

Mandible (Figure 47d): Coxale endite represented

by small spine; lateral side of coxale with few

spines forming short rows. Basale: medial side with

1 short proximal bristle and 1 short bristle just

distal to middle, both closer to ventral margin than

to dorsal margin; ventral margin with 1 medium

length proximal bristle and 1 long stout distal

bristle, both with long proximal and short distal

spines; dorsal margin with 1 bristle distal to middle

and 2 terminal bristles. Exopodite about one-third

length of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 long terminal

bristles. Endopodite: medial surface of 1st joint
62

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 47.—Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, adult male, USNM 154190, allotype, length

1.38 mm: a, outline of whole specimen showing position of lateral eye; b, left 1st antenna,

medial view; c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; d, left mandible, lateral view;

e, left maxilla, lateral view, all endite bristles not shown; /, tip of 5th limb; g, 6th limb; h, 7th

limb; i, left lamella of furca and copulatory organ, lateral view; ;, medial eye and rod-shaped

organ; k, left lateral eye, anterior to left; /, anterior process and upper lip, lateral view.
NUMBER 241 63

with spines forming rows; ventral margin with 3

terminal bristles (2 long and 1 short), all with

marginal spines; 2nd joint with medial and lateral

surfaces with spines forming rows, dorsal margin

with bristles forming 2 groups proximal to middle

(1 bristle in proximal group, 3 in distal group),

ventral margin with 3 short subterminal bristles;

end joint with 1 long claw with faint spines along

ventral margin, 1 bristle reaching past middle of

claw, 1 short ventral bristle, 1 short medial bristle,

and 1 short clawlike medial bristle dorsal to and

shorter than short medial bristle.

Maxilla (Figure 47e): Limb weakly developed,

reduced. Precoxale and coxale with fringe of long

hairs dorsally; coxale with short, stout, hirsute

dorsal bristle. Endite I with 5 bristles; endite II

with 4 bristles; endite III short, with 1 proximal

and 3 terminal bristles. Exopodite consisting of 3

bristles with bases on 1st endopodite joint near

basale. Basale hirsute with 3 bristles along distal

margin (2 lateral, 1 medial). Endopodite: 1st joint

with hairs on dorsal margin and 2 terminal bristles

(1 ventral, 1 dorsal); end joint with 5 bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 47/): Epipodial appendage

with 48 bristles. Single endite present with 1 short

bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 3 proximal ringed

bristles and 2 small distal finger-formed bristles;

2nd joint with 2 bristles; inner lobe of 3rd joint

with 1 bristle, outer lobe with 2 bristles; fused 4th

plus 5th joints hirsute, elongate, with 4 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 47g): Endite I with 3 short

hirsute bristles; endite II with 2 hirsute bristles;

endite III with 3 long hirsute bristles and 2 shorter

bristles with short marginal spines; endite IV with

2 hirsute bristles and 2 shorter bristles with marginal spines; end joint with 7 or 8 anterior bristles

with long proximal hairs and short distal spines,

and 2 long hirsute posterior bristles; limb hirsute;

1 short bristle with short marginal spines present

in place of epipodial appendage.

Seventh Limb (Figure 47/i): 4 bristles in distal

group (2 on each side); USNM 154190 with 1 bristle

in proximal group, USNM 156605 without proximal

bristle; each bristle with 4-7 bells; terminus bare

without combs.

Furca (Figure 47t): Each lamella with 7 or 8

claws; claw 4 much stouter and longer than claw

3; posterior 3 or 4 claws secondary; claw 1 with

proximal teeth slightly larger than distal teeth, no

large tooth near middle as on claw 1 of female;

all claws with lateral and medial row of teeth along

posterior margins.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 47;): Elongate, with

3 to 5 short segments in middle part; distal end

broad, tapering to rounded tip with few terminal

spines.

Eyes: Medial eye bare, lightly pigmented (Figure

47;); lateral eye larger than medial eye, with about

19 ommatidia (Figure 41k).

Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 47/).

Copulatory Organ: Tip with elongate sclerotized

hook and lobe with bristle (Figure 47i).

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 48).—Carapace

similar in outline to that of adult female (Figure

48a). Surface punctae not visible on examined

specimen.

Infold: Rostral infold with 9 spinous bristles;

infold of caudal process with 5 spinous bristles

forming row at top of list; anteroventral infold with

1 short bristle below incisur.

Size: USNM 156681, length 1.24 mm, height 0.77

mm, height 62 percent of length.

First Antenna: Not examined in detail but similar

to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure

FIGURE 48.—Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, USNM

156681, A-l male, paratype, length 1.24 mm: a, outline of

whole specimen; b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial

view; c, 7th limb: d, right lateral eye, anterior to right.
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

48b): 1st joint short with 1 short anterior bristle;

2nd joint elongate with 2 long bristles, longer of

these with long proximal spines; 3rd joint elongate

with 2 short terminal bristles. Exopodite: bristles

of joints 2-8 with few proximal hairs on dorsal

margin, stout proximal spines along ventral margin,

and natatory hairs distally; bristles long, similar to

those of adult female; 9th joint with 3 bristles (2

long with proximal ventral spines and distal

natatory hairs, 1 short with few hairs).

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th Limbs: Not examined in detail but, in general, similar to limbs of

adult female.

Seventh Limb (Figure 48c): 4 tapered bristles in

distal group, each with 4-5 bells; 1 tapered proximal

bristle with 2 bells; terminus bare, without combs.

Furca: Each lamella with 8 claws similar to those

of adult female except claw 3 shorter than claw 4.

Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult

female.

Eyes: Lateral eyes well developed, with reddish

brown pigment and about 16 ommatidia, larger

of these ventrally located in eye sac (Figure 48d);

medial eye similar to that of adult male and female.

Copulatory Organ: Not observed.

COMPARISONS.—The new species P. thalassa differs

from other species of Pseudophilomedes in having

more bristles (8-10) on the rostral infold. Other

species have only 4-5 bristles on the rostral infold.

Each lamella of the adult female furca of P. thalassa

bears 8 or 9 claws, whereas the lamellae of P.

tetrathrix, new species, P. angulatus Miiller, and P.

foveolatus Miiller, bear only 6 or 7. The carapace

of P. thalassa resembles in outline that of Paramekodon inflatus Brady and Norman, 1896. It differs

from that species in having 8-10 bristles on the

rostral infold instead of only 4 (see Kornicker,

1968:462, for supplementary description of Paramekodon inflatus).

Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species

FIGURES 49-51; PLATES 26-28

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156603, ovigerous female,

length 1.10 mm, appendages on slides and in

alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cornide de Saavedra station

A8a, sample 15.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name tetrathrix from

the Greek tetra (four) and thrix (hair) refers to the

4 proximal bristles on the 7th limb of the adult

female.

PARATYPES.—USNM 156604, 156676, 2 adult

females from same sample as holotype; "Grigore

Antipa" 463, 1 ovigerous female from station X042;

USNM 156677, 1 A-l male from same sample as

holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 49, 50;

Plates 26-28).—Carapace with straight hinge line,

greatest height at middle, small caudal process,

overhanging rostrum (Figure 49).

Ornamentation: Surface with shallow fossae

(Figure 49; Plates 26a-d,f, 21a,b, 2Sa,e); single

hairs forming row along edges of valves and scattered over valve surface (Plates 26, 27aA 28c); 2

low horizontal ribs present (1 above and 1 below

central muscle attachment scars) (Figure 49), ribs

not visible on all specimens; minute round fossae

with pore in middle form clusters between larger

fossae (Plate 27d-f); minute pustules with central

pore present between and on floor of fossae (Plates

27b, 28).

Infold: Broad in area of rostrum and caudal

process, narrower elsewhere; infold behind rostrum

with 4 long spinous bristles forming row parallel

to edge of rostrum (Figure 50a); infold immediately

ventral to incisur with 1 short bristle; infold in

front of caudal process with 5 spinous bristles near

top of list (Figure 50fr).

Selvage: Wide fringed lamellar prolongation

present along anterior, ventral and posterior margins of each valve; prolongation divided at inner

corner of incisur (Plate 26d,e).

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting of

about 18 widely dispersed individual ovoid scars

(Figure 49; Plates 26a, 27a).

Size: USNM 156603, length 1.10 mm, height 0.67

FIGURE 49.—Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female,

USNM 156604, paratype, whole specimen, length 1.06 mm.
NUMBER 241 65

mm; USNM 156604, length 1.06 mm, height 0.64

mm; "Grigore Antipa" 463, length 1.17 mm, height

0.62 mm; USNM 156676, length 1.08 mm, height

0.64 mm (Figure 35).

First Antenna (Figure 50c): 2nd joint: spines

along ventral and dorsal margin and with 1 dorsal

bristle. 3rd joint: 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal).

4th joint: 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal). 5th joint:

sensory bristle with 2 proximal and 2 distal filaments. 6th joint: minute, medial bristle short.

7th joint: a-bristle about twice length of bristles of

6th joint; b-bristle slightly longer than a-bristle,

with bifurcate tip; c-bristle about same length as

sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 4 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles

bare, length about same as c-bristle; f- and g-bristles

about same length as c-bristle, with 5 marginal

filaments and bifurcate tip.

Second Antenna (Figure 50d): Protopodite: bare.

Endopodite single-jointed with 1 short bare proximal anterior bristle and 1 longer terminal bristle

with short marginal spines. Exopodite: terminal

margin of 1st joint with short recurved medial

spine; distal margins of joints 2-8 with spines

forming row; bristle of 2nd joint reaching just past

9th joint, with about 10 stout marginal spines

becoming more slender towards tip of bristle, followed by slender hairlike spines near tip; bristles

of joints 3-8 relatively short, with stout ventral

spines and knifelike tip, no natatory hairs; 9th

joint with 2 short bristles, longer of these with

stout ventral spines, other with short marginal

spines.

Mandible (Figure 50e): Coxale endite with bifurcate spinous tip. Basale: dorsal margin with 3

bristles (1 distal to middle, 2 terminal); medial

surface spinous, with 2 short bristles (1 proximal,

1 near middle), both with short marginal spines;

1 long distal bristle with long proximal and short

distal spines present near ventral margin, but with

base on medial side; 2 minute bristles present on

ventral margin distal to middle. Exopodite spinous

with 2 terminal bristles, outer bristle slightly

shorter than inner. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3

ventral bristles (1 of these very small), medial

surface of joint spinous distally; 2nd joint with

medial surface with few spines, dorsal margin with

1 proximal bristle and 3 near middle, ventral

margin with 3 subterminal bristles; end joint with 1

long claw, 1 long lateral bristle reaching past

middle of claw, 1 short claw with base on medial

edge of joint near middle, and 2 short bristles (1

ventral and 1 dorsal to short claw).

Maxilla (Figure 50/): Precoxale and coxale with

dorsal fringe of hairs; coxale with hirsute dorsal

bristle. Endite I with 5 bristles including 3 short,

stout, pectinate, terminal bristles; endite II with

4 bristles including 2 short, stout, pectinate, terminal bristles; endite III about half length of endites

1 and II, with 3 bristles (2 short and 1 long).

Exopodite consisting of 3 bristles on lateral side of

1st endopodite joint near basale. Basale hirsute

with 2-3 slender bristles along distal margin (1 or

2 ventral, 1 lateral near dorsal margin). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 long, stout, spinous, terminal

bristle on anterior margin; end joint with 3 bristles

(2 long, 1 short; inner of long bristles shorter but

slightly stouter than outer bristle, both with marginal spines).

Fifth Limb (Figure 50g): Single endite present

with 1 short bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with large

proximal tooth with 3 prongs and 2 bristles, large

distal tooth consisting of 4 prongs, and 1 short

proximal bristle; 2nd joint with large fanglike

tooth, inner edge of fanglike tooth with single

short distal tooth followed by 2 3-pronged teeth,

posterior side of joint with 2 bristles (1 short, 1

long); 3rd joint with 2 hirsute bristles on outer

lobe and 1 bare bristle on inner lobe; 4th and 5th

joints fused, hirsute, with 4 spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 50h): Endite I with 3 short

hirsute bristles; endite II with 2 longer bristles (1

with short marginal spines, other with long proximal hairs); endite III with 5 bristles with short or

long spines; endite IV with 4 bristles with short or

long spines; end joint with 7 bristles (posterior 2

hirsute, remaining bristles with long proximal and

short distal spines); 1 short bristle in place of

epipodial appendage.

Seventh Limb (Figure 50t): 6 bristles in distal

group (3 on each side), 4 bristles in proximal group

(2 on each side), each bristle with 3-6 bells and

few distal marginal spines; terminus consisting of

opposing combs, one comb with 5 alate teeth, other

with 3 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 50;): Each lamella with 6 claws;

claw 4 much stouter and slightly longer than claw

3; claw 1 with large tooth medially near middle

and about 9 stout teeth proximally along posterior

margin, these increasing in length distally along
66

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 50.—Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female, USNM 156603, holotype, length

1.10 mm: a, incisur and rostrum of right valve, medial view; b, caudal process of right valve,

medial view; c, right 1st antenna, lateral view; d, right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, right

mandible, medial view; /, left maxilla, lateral view; g, tip of 5th limb; h, 6th limb; i, 7th limb;

;', left lamella of furca and genitalia, lateral view; k, medial eye and rod-shaped organ. Female,

USNM 156604, paratype, length 1.06 mm: /, anterior of body showing medial eye and rodshaped organ, anterior process and upper lip; m, left lateral eye.
NUMBER 241 67

margin and followed by thinner teeth; claws 2 and

4 with slender teeth along posterior margin; claws

3, 5, and 6 with a few proximal, slender teeth along

anterior margin and more teeth along posterior

margin; hairs on margin of lamella posterior to

claws.

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, about 6 short segments in middle part; tip rounded, possibly with

minute terminal spine (Figure 50k,l).

Eyes: Medial eye bare, with reddish pigment

(Figure 50ft,/); lateral eye small with 4-6 minute

yellow ommatidia (Figure 50m).

Upper Lip: Helmet-shaped (Figure 50/).

Eggs: USNM 156603 with 6 eggs; USNM 156604

with 3 eggs; USNM 156675 with 1 egg.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 51).—Carapace similar in outline to that of adult female

(Figure 51a); surface with distinct shallow fossae,

some larger than others.

Infold: Rostral infold with 4 spinous bristles;

infold of caudal process with 4—5 spinous bristles

forming row at top of list; anteroventral infold with

1 short bristle below incisur.

Size: USNM 156677, length 0.93 mm, height 0.51

mm.

First Antenna: Not examined in detail but similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure

516): 1st joint short with 2 short anterior bristles;

2nd joint elongate with 2 bare ventral bristles; 3rd

joint elongate with 2 short terminal bristles.

Exopodite: bristle of 2nd joint just reaching past

9th joint, with few slender ventral spines; bristles

of joints 3-8 not more than about one-third longer

than bristle of 2nd joint, with stout ventral spines,

no natatory hairs; 9th joint with 3 bristles, all

shorter than bristle of 2nd joint, ventral of these

with stout ventral spines, middle bristle with few

slender spines or bare, dorsal bristle very short,

bare.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb: Not examined in

detail but, in general, similar to limbs of female.

Sixth Limb: Same as that of adult female except

end joint with 6 bristles, posterior 2 hirsute, others

spinous.

Seventh Limb (Figure 51c): 4 bristles in distal

group (2 on each side), each bristle with 4 bells;

no proximal bristles; terminus with opposing combs

with 3 alate teeth in one, and 1 spinous tooth in

other.

Furca: Each lamella with 6 claws similar to those

of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ: Similar to that of adult

ferriale.

Eyes: Lateral eyes small, unpigmented, with

about 12 minute yellowish ommatidia (Figure 5Id);

FIGURE 51 .—Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, A-l male, USNM 156677.

length 0.93 mm: a, outline of whole specimen showing position of muscle scar

and some fossae; b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; c, 7th limb;

d, left and right lateral eyes.
68

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

medial eye similar to that of adult male and female.

Copulatory Organ: Not observed.

COMPARISONS.—The new species P. tetrathrix

differs from P. foveolatus in having 4 instead of 3

endites on the 6th limb, and 4 instead of 2 proximal

bristles on the 7th limb of the adult female. P.

tetrathrix differs from P. angnlatus in not having

prominent horizontal ribs on the carapace and in

being smaller. P. tetrathrix differs from P. thalassa

in having 4 instead of 9-10 bristles on the rostral

infold and in being much smaller.

Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller, 1894

FIGURE 52

Pseudophilomedes foveolata Muller, 1894:212, pi. 3: figs. 34-

35, 45-49, 51, 53-54, pi. 4: figs. 1, 2, 7, pi. 34: fig. 49, pg.

60: fig. 6, pg. 79: fig. 6.-1912:34, figs. 6, 1, 11.

Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller.—Sylvester-Bradley,

1961:Q399, fig. 322.2.—Kornicker, 1967:13, figs. 7, 8; 1974:21,

figs. 8-10.

LECTOTVPE.—Female, instar III, ZMB 9154:1,

Zoological Museum of Berlin. Subsequent designation (Kornicker, 1974:21).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Bay of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.—Lectotype.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples.

DISCUSSION.—Kornicker (1967:13) described the

lectotype but did not mention or illustrate the 7th

limb. Examination of the 7th limb revealed that

it was without bristles. According to the "Key to

Early Myodocopid Instars" (Kornicker, 1969a:3)

this identifies the specimen as the 3rd stage instar.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF LECTOTYPE.—

Seventh Limb: Elongate without bristles or terminal comb (Figure 52).

FIGURE 52.—Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller, lectotype,

instar III: 7th limb.

TABLE 1.—World distribution and depth zones of species of Philomedidae discussed herein

Species

Philomedes bonneti

Philomedes tetradens

Euphilomedes asper

Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix

Euphilomedes schornikoxn

Tetragonodon ctenorynchus

Pseudophilomedes angulatus

Pseudophilomedes thalassa

Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix

Scleroconcha folinii

Spanish

Sahara

-

-

-

-

X

X

X

-

-

X

Mauritania

X

X

X

X

-

X

X

X

X

X

Morocco

-

-

-

-

-

X

-

-

-

-

Mediterranean

-

-

X

-

-

-

X

-

-

X

Atlantic

coast of

Europe

-

-

-

-

-

X

-

-

-

X

Depth zone

bathyal

shelf-bathyal

bathyal

shelf

bathyal

bathyal-abyssal

shelf-bathyal

shelf-bathyal

shelf

shelf-bathyal

Reported

Not reported
Literature Cited

Baird, W.

1848. Note on the Genus Cypridina, M. Edwards; with

a Description of Two New Species. Annals and

Magazine of Natural History, series 2, 1:21-25, plates

6, 7.

1850a. The Natural History of the British Entomostraca.

364 pages, 36 plates. London: Printed for the Ray

Society.

1850b. Descriptions of a New Crustacean. Proceedings of

the Zoological Society of London, 18:102.

1850c. Descriptions of Several New Species of Entomostraca.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,

18:254-257.

Bold, W. A. van den

1966. Ostracoda from Colon Harbour, Panama. Caribbean

Journal of Science, 6(l-2):43-64, 4 plates, 1 figure.

Brady, G. S.

1868. A Monograph of the Recent British Ostracoda.

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London,

26(2):353-495.

1871. A Review of the Cypridinidae of the European

Seas, with Description of a New Species. Proceedings

of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society

of London for the Year 1871, 19:289-296.

1872. Sur les Cypridinae de Cap-Breton et sur ceux des

mers d'Europe. Pages 53-61 in volume 1 of A. G. L.

de Folin and L. Perier, Les Fonds de la mer. Paris.

1880. Report on the Ostracoda Dredged by H.M.S.

Challenger During the Years 1873-1876. Part 3 in

volume 1 of Report on the Scientific Results of the

Voyage of HM.S. Challenger: Zoology. 184 pages,

44 plates. London.

1886? Les Crustaces-Ostracodes des expeditions du Travailleur et du Talisman de 1881 a 1883. Pages 164-175

in part 3 in volume 4 of A. G. L. de Folin and L.

Perier, Les Fonds de la mer. Paris.

1887. Les ostracodes nouveaux des explorations du

Travailleur et du Talisman. Pages 194-200 in part

3 in volume 4 of A. G. L. de Folin and L. Perier,

Les Fonds de la mer. Plates 12, 14, 15 [plate 12 may

not have been published.]

1907. Ostracoda. Chapter 5 in volume 3 (Crustacea) of

Reports of National Antarctic Expedition of the

SS Discovery, 1901-1904: Natural History. Pages 1-9.

London.

Brady, G. S., and A. M. Norman

1896. A Monograph of the Marine and Fresh Water

Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and of NorthWestern Europe. The Scientific Transactions of the

Royal Dublin Society, series 2, 5:621-746, plates

50-68.

Caraion, E. C.

1959. Ostracode noi in Marea Neagra (Apele Bosforice).

Comunicarile Academiei Republicii Populare Romine, 9(3):265-273, figures 1-4.

Cleve, P. T.

1905. The Plankton of the South African Seas. Marine

Investigations in South Africa, 4:133-137.

Darby, D. G.

1965. Ecology and Taxonomy of Ostracoda in the Vicinity of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Report number 2 in

R. V. Kesling, editor, Four Reports of Ostracod

Investigations. 77 pages, 11 figures, 33 plates. Ann

Arbor: University of Michigan,

de Folin, A. G. L.

1870. Crustaces. Pages 245-246 in Chapter 16 (Crustaces

et mollusque noveaux de la cote d'Afrique) in

volume 1 of A. G. L. de Folin and L. Perier, Les

Fonds de la mer. Paris: Savy, Libraire-fiditeur.

Fage, Louis

1934. La Phase pelagiquc des ostracodes benthques littoraux. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, series 10,

17:249-261, figures 1-4.

Hartmann, Gerd

1974. Die Ostracoden des Untersuchungsgebiets. Part 3 in

Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der afrikanischen Westkiiste zwischen Angol und Kap der Guten Hoffnung

und der Afrikanischen Ostkiiste von Siidafrica und

Mocambique unter besondere Beriicksichtigung der

Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem

Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut,

69:229-520, figures 1-151.

Klie, Walter

1940. Beitnige zur Fauna des Eulitorals von DeutschSiidwest-Africa, II: Ostracoden von der Kiiste

Deutsch-Siidwest-Afrikas. Kieler Meeresforschungen,

3:403-448, 91 figures.

1943. Ostracoden aus Marokko und Mauritanien. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 143(3/4):49-62, 20 figures.

Kornicker, Louis S.

1958. Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes

in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, 5:194-300.

1967. The Myodocopid Ostracod Families Philomedidae

and Pseudophilomedidae. Proceedings of the United

States National Museum, 121(3580):l-35, 12 figures,

1 plate, 2 tables.

1968. Bathyal Myodocopid Ostracoda from the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological

Society of Washington, 81:439-472.

1969a. Morphology, Ontogeny, and Intraspecific Variation

of Spinacopia, a New Genus of Myodocopid Ostracod

69
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

(Sarsiellidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

8:1-50, 26 figures, 6 plates.

1969b. Station Data on Ostracoda Collected by the

"Travailleur" and "Talisman" (1881-1883). Crustaceana, 16(1): 111-112, tables 1, 2.

1970. Ostracoda (Myodocopina) from the Peru-Chile

Trench and the Antarctic Ocean. Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, 32:1-42, 25 figures.

1974. Revision of the Cypridinacea of the Gulf of Naples

(Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

178:1-64, 26 figures.

1975a. Antarctic Ostracoda (Myodocopina). Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, 163:1-720, 432 figures,

9 plates.

1975b. Ivory Coast Ostracoda (Suborder Myodocopina).

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 197:1-46, 32

figures.

Kornicker, L. S., and Francisca Elena Caraion

1974. West African Mydocopid Ostracoda (Cylindroleberididae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

179:1-78, 43 figures.

Liljeborg [Lilljeborg], Wilh.

1853. Ostracoda. Pages 92-130 in De Crustaceis ex

ordinibus tribus: Cladocera, Ostracoda et Copepoda

in Scania occurentibus. Lund.

Muller, G. W.

1893. Uber Lebensweise und Entwickelungsgeschichte der

Ostracoden. Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschajten, 23:355-381.

1894. Die Ostracoden des Golfes von Neapel und der

angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora

des Golfes von Neapel, 21: 404 pages, 40 plates.

1908. Die Ostracoden. Part 2 of volume 10 in Deutsche

Siidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 178 pages, 12 plates.

Berlin.

1912. Ostracoda. Das Tierreich. 31: 434 pages, 92 figures.

Norman, A. M.

1861. Contributions to British Carcinology, I: Characters

of Undescribed Podophthalmia and Entomostraca.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3,

8:273-281, plates 13, 14.

Poulsen, E. M.

1962. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, 1: Cypridiniformes-Cypridinidae. Dana Reports, 57:1-414, 181 figures.

Sars, G. O.

1866. Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Forhandlinger

Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 7:1-130. [Preprint: 1865.]

1888. Nye Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middelhavets

Invertebratfauna. Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 12:173-324, plates 1-20. Kristiania.

[Preprint: 1887:1-152, plates 1-20].

Skogsberg, T.

1920. Cypridinids, Halocyprids and Polycopids. Part 1

in volume 1 (studies on Marine Ostracods) of

Supplement to Zoologiska Bidrag fr&n Uppsala. 784

pages, 153 figures.

Stebbing, T. R.

1901. Giant Ostracoda: Old and New. Knowledge, 24:100.

Sylvester-Bradley, P. C.

1950. The Identity of the Ostracod Philomedes brenda

(Baird). Annals and Magazine of Natural History,

Series 12, 3:777.

1961. Myodocopida. Pages Q387-Q406 in volume 3(Q) of

R. C. Moore, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of

America and University of Kansas Press.
NUMBER 241 71

PLATE 1.—Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore Antipa" 288, holotype, outside

views of right valve: a, complete valve, dorsal margin flattened, X 45; b, shallow fossae near

middle of a, X 400; c, rostrum and incisur, X 200; d, inferior corner of rostrum showing

process at tip, X 900; e, bristle near anterovcntral margin of valve, X 2800; /, base of bristle

shown in e, X 7000. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
72

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 2.—Philomedes bonneti, new species, female, "Grigore Antipa" 288, holotype, right

valve: a, posterior of valve showing caudal process, lateral view, X 185; b, posterodorsal margin

of caudal process in a showing digitation, X 2000; c, digitations shown in b, X 10,000; d, complete valve, dorsal margin flattened, inside view, X 47; e, posterior of e showing caudal

process, X 95; /, digitations and medial bristle on posterodorsal margin of caudal process,

from e, X 4700. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 241

PLATE 3.—Philomedes bonneti, new species, female. "Grigore Antipa" 288,

holotypc, inside views of right valve: a, rostrum, X 200; b, anteroventral

infold, X 400. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 4.—Philomedes bonneti, new species male, "Grigore Antipa" 289, allotype, tip of 7th

limb: a, lateral view of terminus, comb on right of tip, pegs on upper left, X 1400; b, end

view of terminus, comb on left of tip, pegs on right, X 3400; c, comb teeth, from a, X 6500;

d, tip of comb tooth showing terminal pore, from b (see arrow in b), X 17,000; e, pegs, from a

(note pore at tips of lower pegs). X 7500; /, detail of tip of peg showing pore, X 10,000.

(Photos reduced to 74%)
NUMBER 241

75

PLATE 5.—Philomedes tetradens, new species, female. USNM 150289. holotype, right valve.

a, rostrum showing lateral process (valve margin below incisur folded under on specimen

photographed), X 220; b, process of rostrum, X 1000; c, short bristle on outer surface of

carapace, X 5000; d, bristles along inner margin of posterior infold (note open ends), X 2600.

(Photos reduced to 82%.)
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

6.—Euphilomedes asper (Muller), female, USNM 156632, left valve, outside views:

a, complete valve, X 65; b, rostrum and incisur, X 400: c, truncate posterior of valve, X 200;

d, fossae with peripheral rim, from c, X 1000; e, individual fossae, from d, X 5000; /, base of

bristle on valve outer surface. X 5000. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER SMI 77

PLATE 7.—Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female, USNM 152831, holotype,

left valve, outside views: a, complete valve, X 70; b, ventral view, anterior to left, X 80;

c, posterior view, venter to left (arrows point to lower and upper posterior processes), X 100;

d, rostrum and incisur, X 230; e, posterior (arrows point to upper and lower processes, lower

process bent outward during freeze-drying). X 135: /, upper process, from e, X 500. (Photos

reduced to 75%.)
78

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

wssmm

PLATF. 8.—Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female, USNM 152831, holotype,

left valve, outside views: a, reticulate surface near central adductor muscle scars, from Plate

7a, X 375; b, reticulate surface from near middle of Tlate la, X 1150; c, bristle in lower left of

b (see arrow in b), X 5775; d, upper posterior process, from Plate If, X 1680; e, posterior

view of lower posterior process (arrow), from Plate 7c, X 750; /, posterior view of upper

posterior process (arrow), from Plate 7c, X 1100. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 241

79

PLATE 9.—Euphilomedes sinister pentathrix, new subspecies, female,

USNM 152831, holotypc, left valve, outside views: a, detail of surface

near lower posterior process, from Plate 8e, X 3000; b, detail of surface

near upper posterior process, from Plate 8/, X 3000. (Photos reduced

to 80%)
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 10.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, [L'SNM 142387], left valve, outside

views: a, complete valve, X 50; b, rostrum and incisur, X 250: c, caudal process, X 250; d, surface hairs, from just ventral to posterior end of horizontal crack in a, X 400; e, base of bristle

in d, X 5000; /, surface of base of bristle in e, X 15,000. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 241

81

PLATE 11.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female. [USNM 142387], left valve: a, surface

pores, from Plate KV, X 15,000; b, detail of pore in a, X 30,000; r, complete valve, inside

view, X 40; d, rostrum and incisur, from r, X 250; e, caudal process from r, X 200; f, anterior

margin of rostrum, from d, X 6500. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
82

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATF. 12.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, [USNM 142387]: a, section of bristle on

infold of rostrum of left valve, X 7500; b, lamellar prolongation of selvage and ridges of

infold along anteroventral margin of left valve, X 750; c, bristle on anteroventral infold just

below incisur, from Plate lid, X 300; d, one of the 2 truncate bristles on list of infold of

caudal process of left valve, X 7500; e, ventral view of upper and lower lip, and central

adductor muscles detached from valves (arrow points to mouth), X 85; /, detail of muscle ends

on left of e, X 625. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 241

83

PLATE 13.—Tetragonodon ctenorynchus (Brady), female, [USNM 142387], upper lip: a, lateral

view, anterior to left, X 400; b, ventral view, anterior to bottom, also showing mouth and part

of lower lip (arrow points to mouth), X 300; r, ventral view of tip of upper lip showing anterior

process, from b, X 1500; d, detail of processes at tip of lip shown in c, X 5000; e, stereo pair

showing anterior view of anterior of body (lower arrow points to anterior tip of upper lip,

upper arrow points to button-like anterior process between upper lip and 1st antennae). X 400.

(Photos reduced to 77%.)
84

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

f

PLATK 14.—Telragonodon ctcnorynchus (Brady), female, [USNM 142387]: a, anterior view, slightly

oblique, of tip of upper lip. from Plate l$e, X 2000; b, anterior view, slightly oblique, of

button-like anterior process, from Plate \lt, X 2000; c, left lateral view of anterior process,

X 2000; d, ventral view of lower lip and mouth (arrow), from Plate \2e, X 300; e, hairs near

middle of lower lip, from d, X 3000; f, hairs on lower lip near right side of mouth, from

d, X 3400. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 24]

85

PLATE 15.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve, outside views:

a, complete valve, length 2.56 mm, X 45; b, dorsal view, anterior to left, X 45; c, rostrum and

inrisur. X 120; d, fossae near middle of a, X 200; e, bristle near middle of d, X 2000; /,

rimmed pores from floor of fossae on lower right of d, X 6000. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
86

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 16.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve: a, rimmed pores

on surface between fossae on outer surface of valve, X 6000; b, inside view of complete valve,

X 45; c, rostrum and incisur, inside view, X ISO; d, inner end of incisur, from c, X 1000;

e, bristles on infold of rostrum, from c, X 1000; /, detail of bristle in e, X 7500. (Photos

reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 241 87

PLATE 17.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve, inside views:

a, anteroventral margin, X 270; ft, infold bristle from a, X 2650; c, caudal process, X 200;

d, junction between edge of valve and dorsal end of list flap, from c, X 1000; e, f, bristles on

list of caudal process (see arrows in c), X 5000. (Photos reduced to 77%.)
88

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 18.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve, inside views: a,

group of 4 bristles on inner margin of infold of caudal process, from Plate 17c, X 3000;

b, bristles on outer edge of valve of caudal process, from Plate 17c, X 2000; c, detail of bristle

in b, X 10,000; d, distal end of central adductor muscles, from Plate 16b, X 340; e, ends of

muscles near top of d, X 1700; f, end of right muscle in e, X 750. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 241 89

PLATE 19.—Scleroconcha folinii (Brady), female, USNM 141545, right valve:

a, outer surface of lamellar prolongation of selvage along ventral margin

just posterior to middle, from Plate 16b, X 750; b, hairs on outer surface

of lamellar prolongation shown in a, X 7500. (Photos reduced to 83%.)
90

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 20.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller, female, USNM 154192, left valve, outside views:

a, complete valve, length 159 mm, X 70; b, dorsal view, anterior to right, X 70; c, anterior

view, venter to right, X 100; d, posterior view, venter to left, X 100; e, rostrum and incisur,

from a, X 175; /, fossae and bristles in vicinity of central muscles attachment area, from a,

X 220. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 241

91

PLATE 21.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus Muller, female. USNM 154192, left valve, outside

views: a, fossae with bristle (see arrow in Plate 20/), X 5000; b, surface pores in a, X 10,000;

c, detail of fossae, from Plate 20/, X 1260; d, rimmed pores at bottom of fossae in c, X 10,000.

(Photos reduced to 82%.)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 22.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus Miiller. A-l male, USNM 150101, right valve, outside

views: a, complete valve, length 1.30 mm, X 77; b, dorsal view, anterior to left, X 70; c, fossae

and bristles near middle of a, X 675; d, bristle to upper right of c, X 7000; e, base of bristle

to left of middle of c, X 7000; /, base of bristle near dorsal margin of valve, X 5000. (Photos

reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 24]

PLATE 23.—Pseudophilomedes angulatus, A-l male, USNM 150101, right valve, inside views:

a, complete valve, X 75; b, rostrum, X 750; c, caudal process, X 500; d, detail of two setose

bristles on list of caudal process (see arrow in c), X 3200. (Photos reduced to 82%.)
94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 24.—Pteudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female, USNM 150104, paratype, right valve,

outside views: a, complete valve, posterior half of dorsal margin folded back slightly, X 80;

b, rostrum and incisur, X 210; c, detail of incisur shown in b, X 525; d, posterior showing

caudal process and surface nodes; e, fossae and bristles in vicinity of central adductor muscle

attachments, from a, X 210; /, fossae with bristle, X 2100. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 241 95

PLATE 25.—Pseudophilomedes thalassa, new species, female USNM 150104, paratype, right valve,

inside views: a, complete valve, X 80; b, rostrum and incisur, X 260; c, caudal process, X 500:

d, ends of central adductor muscles, from a, X S70. (Photos reduced to 82%.)
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 26.—Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female, USNM 156603, holotype, left valve,

outside views: a, complete valve (posterior half of dorsal margin folded hack slightly), X 90;

b, dorsal view, anterior to right, X 85; c, anterior view, venter to right, X 225; d, rostrum and

incisur, from a, X 300; e, incisur showing lamellar prolongation of selvage, from c, X 785;

/, caudal process, from a, X 440. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
NUMBER 241 97

PLATE 27.—Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female, USNM 156603, holotype, left

valve, outside views: a, fossae just posterior to central adductor muscle scar area, from Plate

26a, X 500; b, fossa and bristle on right of a, X 2000; c, lower edge of fossa in b, X 10,500:

d, group of pores between fossae (see arrow in a), X 3000: e, pores in d, X 5000; f. detail of

pores in e, X 15,000. (Photos reduced to 76%.)
98 SMITHSONIAN CON TRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 28.—Pseudophilomedes tetrathrix, new species, female, USNM 156603, holotype, left

valve, outside views: a, fossa in muscle scar area, from Plate 2&a, X 4620; b, pores and pustules

in bottom of fossa shown in a, X 15,000; c, bristle and part of fossa near top of Plate 26a,

X 5000; d, pores at bottom of fossa shown in c, X 15,000; e, fossae posterior to incisur (note

pores forming row around inner edge of fossa), from Plate 26r/, X 2300; /, detail from e, showing

pores around inner edge of fossa. X 7100. (Photos reduced to 75%.)
Index

(New species, subspecies, and principal accounts are noted in italics)

africanus, Azygocypridina, 3

Euphilomedes, 2, 19, 20

Anarthron, 6, 8

angulata, Pseudophilomedes, 49

angulatus, Pseudophilomedes, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 46-48, 49-56 (figs.

34-40), 64, 68 (tab. 1), 90-93 (pis. 20-23)

arborea, Paravargula, 3

asper, Euphilomedes. 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7. 8, 19. 20-23 (figs. 14-16).

68 (tab. 1), 76 (pi. 6)

aspera, Euphilomedes, 20

Philomedes, 20

Azygocypridina africanus, 3

Azygocypridininae, 5

bonneti, Philomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 9-15 (figs. 6-10), 13 (fig. 9),

14 (fig. 10), 15, 19,68 (tab. 1), 71-74 (pis. 1-4)

Bradycinetus ctenorynchus, 32

Stenorynchus, 32

bradyi, Cypridina (?), 2

brenda, Philomedes. 11

capensis, Paradoloria, 3, 5

caudata, Skogsbergia, 3

ctenorynchus, Bradycinetus, 32

Philomedes, 32

Tetragonodon. 1, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7. 8. 32-40 (figs. 23-29), 68

(tab. 1), 80-84 (pis. 10-14)

[?]Tetragonodon, 32

curvata, Philomedes, 9

Cypridina (?) bradyi, 2

nobilis, S

Cypridinidae, 5

Cypridininae, 5

dorsoserrata, Paradoloria, 3, 5

erinaceus, Tetragonodon, 1, 32

Euphilomedes, 6-8, 19 (key), 20

africanus, 2. 19, 20

asper. 3. 4, (fig. 3), 7, 8. 19. 20-23 (figs. 14-16), 68 (tab. 1),

76 (pi. 6)

aspera, 20

ferox, 6

kornickeri, 2. 19,20

schornikovi, 4 (fig. 3). 19,20, 27-32 (figs. 19-22), 68 (tab. 1)

sinister, 3, 23 (key), 24

sinister pentathrix, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8. 19, 20. 22. 24-27 (figs. 17,

18), 68 (tab. 1), 77-79 (pis. 7-9)

sinister sinister, 19, 23, 24, 26

favosa, Streptoleberis, 1

ferox, Euphilomedes, 6

ferulanus, Pseudophilomedes, 46, 48

Folini, Philomedes (Scleroconcha), 41

folini, Philomedes, 41, 46

Scleroconcha, 41

folinii, Philomedes, 40

Scleroconcha, 1. 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 40-46 (figs. 30-33), 68 (tab.

1), 85-89 (pis. 16-19)

foveolata, Philomedes, 19

Pseudophilomedes, 68

foveolatus, Pseudophilomedes, 46, 48, 56, 68 (fig. 52)

globosa, Philomedes, 11, 12, 15

Igene, 6, 8

inflatus, Paramekodon, 1, 46, 64

interpuncta, Philomedes, 23

kornickeri, Euphilomedes, 2, 19

lilljeborgii, Philomedes, 8-12. 15, 19

longicornis, Philomedes, 23

macandrei, Philomedes, 2, 8, 9

nobilis, Cypridina, 3

orbicularis, Philomedes, 9

Paradoloria, 1, 5 (fig. 4)

capensis, 3, 5

dorsoserrata, 3, 5

vanhoeffeni, 3, 5

PParadoloria species indeterminate, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 5 (fig. 4), 6

(fig- 5)

Paramekodon, 46

inflatus, 1,46,64

Paraphilomedes, 6,8

Paravargula arborea, 3

paucichelata, Philomedes, 32

pentathrix, Euphilomedes sinister, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 19, 20, 22,

24-27 (figs. 17, 18), 68 (tab. 1), 77-79 (pis. 7-9)

Philomedes, 6-8, 9 (key)

aspera, 19

bonneti, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 9-15 (figs. 6-10), 19, 68 (tab. 1), 71-74

(pis. 1-4)

brenda, 11

ctenorhynchus, 32

curvata, 9

folini, 41, 46

Folini, 41
100

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

folinii, 40

Folinii, 41

foveolata, 19

globosa, 11, 12. 15

interpuncta, 23

lilljeborgii, 8-12, 15, 19

longicornis, 24

macandrei, 2, 8, 9

orbicularis, 9

paucichelata, 32

(Scleroconcha) Folini, 41

subantarctica, 9

tetradens, 4 (fig. 3), 7-9, 15-19 (figs. 11-13), 68 (tab. 1), 75

(pi. 5)

Philomedidae, 6 (key)

Philomedinae, 6, 8 (key)

Pseudophilomedes, 3, 46, 48 (key), 64

angulata, 49

angulatus, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 46-48, 49-56 (figs. 34-40), 64, 68 (tab.

1), 90-93 (pis. 20-23)

ferulanus, 46, 48

foveolata, 68

foveolatus, 46, 48, 56, 68 (fig. 52)

tetrathrix, 4 (fig. 3), 46-49, 50 (fig. 35), 51, 56, 64-68 (figs.

49-51, tab. 1), 96-98 (pis. 26-28)

thalassa, 4 (fig. 3), 46-48, 50 (fig. 35), 56-64 (figs. 41^18), 68

(tab. 1), 94 (pi. 24), 95 (pi. 25)

Pseudophilomedinae, 6, 46 (key)

rectirostris, Streptoleberis, 1

rhabdion, Tetragonodon, 32

schornikovi, Euphilomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 19, 20, 27-32 (figs. 19-22),

68 (tab. 1)

Scleroconcha, 6-8, 40

folini, 41

folinii, 1, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 40^f6 (figs. 30-33), 68 (tab. 1),

85-89 (pis. 15-19)

(Scleroconcha) Folini, Philomedes, 41

sinister, Euphilomedes, 3, 23 (key), 24

sinister, Euphilomedes sinister, 19, 23, 24, 27

sinister pentathrix, Euphilomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 19, 20, 22,

24-27 (figs. 17, 18), 68 (tab. 1), 77-79 (pis. 7-9)

sinister sinister, Euphilomedes, 19, 23, 24, 27

Skogsbergia, 5

Skogsbergia caudata, 3

species indeterminate, PParadoloria, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 5 (fig. 4), 6

(fig- 5)

Stenorynchus, Bradycinetus, 32

Streptoleberis favosa, 1

rectirostris, 1

subantarctica, Philomedes, 9

tetrathrix, Pseudophilomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 46-49, 50 (fig. 35), 51,

56, 64-68 (figs. 49-51, tab. 1), 96-98 (pis. 26-28)

thalassa, Pseudophilomedes, 4 (fig. 3), 46-48, 50 (fig. 35), 56-64

(figs. 41-48), 68 (tab. 1), 94 (pi. 24), 95 (pi. 25)

tetradens, Philomedes, 4 (fig. 3). 7-9. 15-19 (figs. 11-13), 68

(tab. 1), 75 (pi. 5)

Tetragonodon, 3, 6-8, 32

ctenorynchus, 1, 3, 4 (fig. 3), 7, 8, 32-40 (figs. 23-29), 68

(tab. 1), 80-84 (pis. 10-14)

erinaceus, 1,32

rhabdion, 32

[?]Tetragonodon ctenorhynchus, 32

vanhoeffeni, Paradoloria, 3, 5
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