West African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Sarsiellidae, Rutidermatidae)

LOUIS S. KORNICKER

and

FRANCISCA ELENA CARAION

Sfc.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 250
SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF TH E SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIO N

The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed

by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement:

"It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries

in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge

not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the

years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian

imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing

with the following active series:

Smithsonian Annals of Flight

Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology

Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics

Smithsonian Contributions to Botany

Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology

Smithsonian Contributions to Apology

Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology

In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing

with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional

colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts,

synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. Each publication is distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, institutes, and interested

specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available.

S. DILLON RIPLEY

Secretary

Smithsonian Institution
SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 25 0

West African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Sarsiellidae, Rutidermatidae)

Louis S. Kornicker

and Francisca Elena Caraion

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1978
ABSTRAC T

Kornicker, Louis S., and Francisca Elena Caraion. West African Myodocopid

Ostracoda (Sarsiellidae, Rutidermatidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

number 250, 110 pages, 59 figures, 33 plates, 2 tables, 1978.—Thirteen species (10

new) in 3 genera (1 new) in the families Sarsiellidae and Rutidermatidae, collected by the research vessels Thalassa and Cornide de Saavedra in 1971 from the

shelf and slope of Spanish Sahara and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, are

described and illustrated.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea

cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Kornicker, Louis S. 1919-

West African myodocopid Ostracoda (Sarsiellidae, Rutidermatidae)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 250)

Bibliography: p.

Includes index.

1. Sarsiellidae. 2. Rutidermatidae. 3. Crustacea—Classification. 4. Crustacea—Africa, West.

I. Caraion, Francisca Elena, joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution.

Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 250.

QLI.S54 no. 250 [QL444.Q85] 591'.08s [595'.33] 77-22347
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Acknowledgments 4

Station Data 5

Zoogeography 6

SARSIELLIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896 7

Key to the Genera of Sarsiellidae of West Africa 7

Sarsiella Norman, 1869 7

Key to Females of the Species of Sarsiella of West Africa 7

Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869 8

Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, 1974 13

Sarsiella anommata, new species 20

Sarsiella africana, new species 24

Sarsiella ocula, new species 30

Sarsiella dornellasae, new species 34

Sarsiella gomoiui, new species 38

Sarsiella rudescui, new species 44

Sarsiella species indeterminate 47

Junctichela, new genus 47

Key to the Species of Junctichela 47

Junctichela margalefi, new species 48

RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896 54

Key to the Genera of Rutidermatidae 54

Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896 54

Key to the Species of Rutiderma along the Western Coasts of Europe

and Africa 54

Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975 55

Rutiderma irrostratum, new species 56

Rutiderma tridens, new species 60

Alternochelata Kornicker, 1958 66

Key to the Species of Alternochelata 66

Alternochelata nealei, new species 66

Literature Cited 74

Plates 76

Index 109

West African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Sarsiellidae, Rutidermatidae)

Louis S. Kornicker

and Francisco, Elena Caraion

Introduction

This work reports on the shelf and slope myodocopid Ostracoda of the families Sarsiellidae and

Rutidermatidae collected in bottom trawls by personnel aboard the research vessels Thalassa (20 stations) and Cornide de Saavedra (4 stations) (Figure

1). It is the third and final paper describing the

ostracodes collected on the cruises. The Cylindroleberididae, Cypridinidae, and Philomedidae have

already been described (Kornicker and Caraion,

1974; 1977).

The Thalassa collection contained 155 specimens

of Sarsiellidae and the Cornide de Saavedra collection contained 2 specimens. Of these, 9 juveniles of

Sarsiella could not be identified at the species level.

The remaining specimens are assigned to 9 species

(7 new) in 2 genera (1 new). Seven of the species

were found off Mauritania; of these, 3 were also

found off Spanish Sahara. Two species were found

only off Spanish Sahara.

The Rutidermatidae were represented by 584

specimens from the Thalassa and 38 specimens

from the Cornide de Saavedra. The specimens are

assigned to 4 species (3 new) in 2 genera. Three of

the species were found off Mauritania; of these, 2

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C. 20560. Francisca Elena Caraion, Institute

of Biological Sciences, Spaiul Indepentei 296, Bucharest,

Romania.

were also found off Spanish Sahara. One species

was found only off Spanish Sahara.

The range of latitudes from which each species

was collected is shown in Figure 2, and the range

of depths in Figure 3.

All specimens identified to the generic level and

retained in the collection of the National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, were

assigned USNM numbers (acronym for the former

United States National Museum). Those deposited

in the Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest, Romania, either were assigned

numbers of that museum or have bracketed USNM

numbers.

Brady (1887:200) described a species of Sarsiellidae, Parasarsiella globula (Brady, 1887), collected

off Spanish Sahara at a depth of 2333 m and off

Mauritania at a depth of 932 m (Brady, 1884-1887,

Kornicker, 1969b). That species was not recognized

in the present collection. Brady (1869) described

another species of Sarsiellidae, Eurypylus petrosus

Brady, 1869, from the Cape Verde Islands, which

is just south of the study area. That species was

also not recognized in the present collection. Muller

(1908:93) reported a larvae of Sarsiella from

Simonstown, South Africa. Scott (1894) described

Sarsiella murrayana Scott, 1894, from Sao Tome

Island, off Gabon. The latter species was not in the

present collection.

No species of Rutidermatidae have previously

been identified from the study area, but they have

been collected along the west African coast south
25°

24°

23°

22°

21°

20°

19°

18

19°

r=l

kj

<o

K

18° 17°

1 i =

X054 / fcv •

XO550 P i )•'•'.•''••'••.

/ VQ5 2 ji-••• '•.• •

16°

X074 >

^;•;• •

15° 14°

CMorro Garnet

/CaboLeven

'. -

 :

SPANISH SAHARA

X068 M^-PORT ETIENNE (NOADHIBOU)

X048. / tin&y.-:: .. .

X046» V #

N v Hrc-Cope Blanco

XO7O *

 X00 5

 WX;:/:-'''••'•

• ^ ^

 V V : ::.;•/ . • ISLAMI C

X04 . ^ X06 6 ^, ; ; REPUBLI C

X044* ••^° ^

X0I3M

X0I5

4

X02;

A4b,A8a,AI0b—«M

X03I

j 1

•>fc« ••.';. '

y?f::"..\';:' '

Cape Timiris

v|:;- '.•/••;.

Ub|M:V'/ :

MAURITANI A

0 50

1 •

13°

•

100

i

; '. • . KILOMETER

1 1 1 J

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

25C

24*

23°

2 2 e

2 , c

20°

18'

19' 18' I6C 15" 14'

FIGURE 1.—Station map showing distribution of Sarsiellidae and Rutidermatidae taken aboard

the Thalassa (station numbers preceded by X) and Cornide de Saavedra (station numbers preceded by A).

of the study area. Kornicker (1975b:40) described

Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975, from a specimen collected off the Ivory Coast at a depth of 20 m.

That species was represented in the present collection. Klie (1940:406) identified 2 specimens collected in Liideritz Bay, South-West Africa, at a

depth of 1-2 m, as Rutiderma compressa Brady and

Norman, 1896; however, the specimens were not

described, except for size, and their identity requires verification. Miiller (1908:92) identified a

single female collected from Simonstown, South

Africa, as Rutiderma compressa. That specimen has
NUMBER 250

Sarsiella dornellasae

Sarsiella aapeula

Sarsiella neapolis

Sarsiella anommata

Sarsiella rudesaui

Saraiella gomoiui

Sarsiella oaula

Sarsiella afriaana

Junotidhela margatefi

Rutiderma leloeuffi

Rutiderma tridens

•

•

•

1 A

•

•

•

18° 19° 20° 21° 22°

LATITUDE (N)

FIGURE 2.—Latitudinal distribution of species in study area.

23° 24° 25°

Sarsiella dornellasae

Sarsiella oapsula

Sarsiella neapolis

Sarsiella anormata

Sarsiella rudesaui

Sarsiella gomoiui

Sarsiella oaula

Sarsiella afriaana

Junatiohela margalefi

Rutiderma leloeuffi

Rutiderma tridens

Rutiderma irrostratum

Alternochelata nealei

0 200 400 600

WATER DEPTH (M)

FIGURE 3.—Depth distribution of species in study area.

800 WOO HOC
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

questionably been referred to a new species described herein from specimens in the present collection.

Two species of Sarsiella in the present collection

have been reported from the Gulf of Naples and

vicinity (Table 1): Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869,

and Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, 1974 (see Kornicker, 1974:27, 33). The former species has also

been reported from the vicinity of the Shetland

Islands and Ireland (see Kornicker, 1974:27). The

range of Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975b, is

extended herein from the Ivory Coast, where it was

first described, to Mauritania. A new species, Rutiderma tridens, described herein from Spanish

Sahara may be conspecific with a specimen from

South Africa identified by Muller (1908:92) as

Rutiderma compressa Brady and Norman, 1896.

The magnifications given for each micrograph on

Plates 1-33 are those at which the micrographs were

taken on the scanning-electron microscope (SEM).

The percentage of reduction for publication is

stated at the end of each legend.

Two specimens of Cylindroleberididae that were

overlooked during preparation of our publication

concerning that group (Kornicker and Caraion,

1974) are included in the species listed under "Station Data" herein. These are: 1 specimen of Prionotoleberis pax Kornicker and Caraion, 1974,

from station XO53; and 1 specimen of Asteropteron

setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, 1974, from station X068.

In our paper describing the Cylindroleberididae

of West Africa (Kornicker and Caraion, 1974) we

did not obtain numbers for the specimens deposited

in the Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest, Romania, in time to include

them in that paper. Therefore, we assigned USNM

numbers to these specimens, but enclosed these

designations in brackets to differentiate them from

the unbracketed designations of specimens deposited at the National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. The

equivalent "Grigore Antipa" numbers for the specimens are listed below.

Taxon

Prionotoleberis pax

Parasterope Mauritania

Parasterope alpha

Cylindroleberis bacescui

Asteropteron setiferum

Parasterope sohni

Synasterope bensoni

Asteropella upsilon

Parasterope thrix

Type

holotype

paratype

holotype

paratype

holotype

holotype

holotype

paratype

holotype

allotype

holotype

holotype

specimen

holotype

USNM

139842

141107

139860

141103

139841

139844

139845

141266

141556

141271

141270

141267

141265

141261

"Grigore

Antipa'

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

lost

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank Dr. Mihai

Bacescu, Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," for the ostracodes from the Thalassa, and

TABLE 1.—World distribution and depth zones of species of Sarsiellidae and Rutidermatidae

discussed herein (x = reported; - = not reported; ? = questionable)

Species

Sarsiella dornellasae

Sarsiella capsula

Sarsiella neapolis

Sarsiella anommata

Sarsiella rudescui

Sarsiella gomoiui

Sarsiella ocula

Sarsiella africana

Junctichela margalefi

Rutiderma leloeuffi

Rutiderma tridens

Rutiderma irrostratum

Alternochelata nealei

Shetland

Spanish Mauri- Ivory South Islands, Mediter- Depth

Sahara tania Coast Africa Ireland ranean zone

x x - - - - shelf

- x - - x x shelf-bathyal

x x - - - x shelf-bathyal

x ---- - bathyal

x ---- - bathyal

- x - - - shelf-bathyal

— x - - - - bathyal

- x bathyal

- x - - - - shelf

- x x - - - shelf-bathyal

x - - ? shelf

x x - - - - shelf-bathyal

x x - - - - shelf-bathyal
NUMBER 250

Dr. Ramon Margalef, Instituto de Investigationes

Pesqueras, Barcelona, for the ostracodes from the

Cornide de Saavedra. The Thalassa cruise was organized and supported by the Institut Scientifique et

Technique de Peche Maritime de France.

Mrs. Carolyn Gast rendered the shaded drawings

of the carapaces. Mr. Paul Mazer made most of the

initial camera lucida drawings of appendages and

then inked the final drawings. Miss Maura MeManus assisted in final preparation of the figures.

Freeze-drying of specimens for photography was

done in the laboratory of Mr. Roland Hower. The

assistance of Mr. Walter R. Brown and Miss Mary

J. Mann, who operated the scanning-electron microscope, is acknowledged. We are grateful to Dr.

Mihai BScescu and Mrs. Anne Cohen for criticizing the manuscript, and to Mrs. Barbara Spann,

Smithsonian Institution Press, for editing and preparing the manuscript.

Station Data

Research vessel Thalassa, Jan and Feb 1971;

collector: Prof. Dr. Mihai (Micael) BScescu

Station X005; 15 Jan; 20°52'02"N, 17°19'09"W; 61 m; muddy

sand; dredge net; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Sarsiella species indeterminate: 1 juvenile.

Alternochelata nealei: 1 specimen.

Station X013; 19 Jan; 19°46'00*N, 17°08'00"W; 61 m; mud;

dredge net; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Alternochelata nealei: 1 adult male, 1 adult female, 244

additional specimens.

Station X015; 19 Jan; 19°45'07"N, 17o01'17"W; 70 m; mud;

dredge net; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Alternochelata nealei: 236 specimens.

Station X023; 22 Jan; 18°59'02"N, 16°22'07"W; 14 m; sand;

BScescu dredge; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Sarsiella species indeterminate; 1 juvenile.

Station X031; 27 Jan; 18°40/00"N, 16°41'05"W; 560 m;

Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Sarsiella africana: 2 ovigerous females, 1 adult male, 15

additional specimens, including adult females and juveniles.

Alternochelata nealei: 1 specimen.

Station X039; 28 Jan; 20°03'06"N, 17°30'll"W; 78-119 m;

Gorgonacia washings; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Alternochelata nealei: I specimen.

Station X041; 29 Jan; 20°10'05"N, 17°32'09"W; 52 m; sand;

BScescu dredge; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Sarsiella capsula: 14 specimens.

Sarsiella dornellasae: 1 ovigerous female, 3 juveniles.

Alternochelata nealei: 3 specimens.

Station X044; 29 Jan; 20°09/06"N, 17o48'09"W; 1100 m; mud;

Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Alternochelata nealei: 5 specimens.

Station X046; 39 Jan; 20°49'09''N, 17°58'08"W; 1120 m; sandy

mud; Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Sarsiella africana: 1 ovigerous female, 1 ovigerous female

with female choniostomatid in marsupium in addition

to 3 ostracod eggs, 1 adult female, 1 juvenile.

Sarsiella species indeterminate: 4 juveniles

Station X048; 29 Jan; 20°50'05"N, 17°39'00"fW; 270 m; mud

+ sand; BScescu dredge; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Sarsiella gomoiui: 3 adult males, 4 ovigerous females, 3

adult females (2 containing choniostomatid egg sacs),

7 juveniles.

Sarsiella ocula: 1 ovigerous female, 1 adult male, 1 juvenile female.

Sarsielala capsula: 2 ovigerous females, 1 adult male, 29

unsexed specimens (no adult males).

Alternochelata nealei: 1 ovigerous female.

Station X051; 30 Jan; 21°48'0l"N, 17°02'00*W; 30 m; sand;

Bactscu dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Rutiderma tridens: 1 A-l male, 1 A—1? female.

Station X052; 30 Jan; 21o47'00"N, 17°09'00"W; 53 m; sand;

Rallier dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Sarsiella dornellasae: 1 adult female with male and female

choniostomatid copepod in marsupium.

Sarsiella species indeterminate: 1 juvenile.

Alternochelata nealei: 4 specimens.

Station X053; 30 Jan; 21o47'00"N, 17°28'O2"W; 260 m; sand;

Rallier dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Sarsiella neapolis; 2 ovigerous females, 7 juveniles.

Rutiderma irrostratum: I ovigerous female, 1 A-l female,

1 A-l male, 2 juveniles.

Prionotoleberis pax: 1 adult female, USNM 157131. length

1.76 mm, height 0.82 mm.

Station X054; 30 Jan; 21°47'00"'N, 17°30'06"W; 534 m; mud

+ sand; Rallier dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Sarsiella rudescui: 2 ovigerous females.

Sarsiella anommata: 1 ovigerous female, 1 A-l female.

Sarsiella neapolis: 1 A-l male.

Station X055; 30 Jan; 21°45'06"N, 17°39'O8''W; 1045 m;

Rallier dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Sarsiella species indeterminate: 1 juvenile.

Station X057; 31 Jan; 20°17'03"N, 17o36'06"W; 82 m; sand;

trawl's sonde; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Sarsiella capsula: 1 ovigerous female, 2 juveniles.

Sarsiella neapolis: 1 adult male, 1 ovigerous female, S

juveniles.

Sarsiella species indeterminate: 1 juvenile.

Alternochelata nealei: 1 specimen.

Station X066; 4 Feb; West Bank Arguin; 20°32/05*Nf

17°15'3"W; 40-38 m; trawls sonde; Islamic Republic of

Mauritania.

Junctichela mar galefi: 3 adult males, 1 adult female, 9

additional specimens.

Station X068; 4 Feb; 20°47'06*'N, 17°J6'06"VV; 96 m; sand

and mud; BScescu dredge; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Sarsiella dornellasae: 1 adult male, 5 ovigerous females, 2

juveniles.

Sarsiella capsula: 1 juvenile.

Rutiderma irrostratum: 1 specimen.

Alternochelata nealei: 77 specimens.

Asteropteron setiferum: 1 specimen, USNM 157130.

Station X070; 5 Feb; 20°40'04"N, 17°41'01"W; 170-75 m; sand

and mud from Gorgonacea washings; Islamic Republic

of Mauritania.

Sarsiella neapolis: 1 specimen.

Sarsiella gomoiui: 1 adult female.

Station XO74; 6 Feb; 24°17'06"N, 15°43'02"W; 25 m; coarse

sand; dredge net; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Junctichela margalefi: 1 adult male, 1 ovigerous female,

1 instar II, 1 A-l female, 1 A-2 female, 2 juveniles.

Research vessel Cornide de Saavedra, Sep 1971;

collector: Dr. Ramon Margalef; collected with a

Van Veen grab on continental shelf of the Islamic

Republic of Mauritania

Station A6b; sample 13; 18°44'N, 16°30'W; 87 m.

Alternochelata nealei: 1 adult male, 3 ovigerous females,

10 additional specimens.

Station A7b; sample 14; 18°44'N, 16°23'W; 94 m.

Rutiderma irrostratum: 1 specimen

Alternochelata nealei: 15 specimens.

Station A8a; sample 15; 18°44'N, 16°34'W; 150 m.

Sarsiella capsula: 1 ovigerous female.

Rutiderma leloeuffi: 1 A-l male.

Rutiderma irrostratum: 1 ovigerous female.

Alternochelata nealei: 1 specimen.

Station AlOb; sample 16; 18°44'N, 16°34'W; 250 m.

Sarsiella capsula: 1 ovigerous female.

Rutiderma leloeuffi: 1 adult female.

Rutiderma irrostratum: 1 specimen.

Alternochelata nealei: 2 specimens.

Station A4b; sample 12; 18°44'St, 16°26'W; 55 m.

Alternochelata nealei: 1 specimen.

Zoogeography

Spanish Sahara and the Islamic Republic of

Mauritania are in the subtropical biogeographic

region defined by Hughes (1974:419) for the northern hemisphere as being between the 17° C and the

20° C isocrymes of sea surface temperatures during

February. The 17° C isocryme intercepts the southern boundary of Morocco near its border with Spanish Sahara. The 20° C isocryme intercepts Senegal

in the vicinity of Cape Verde.

All the benthic specimens collected and reported

upon here and in the previous 2 reports (Kornicker

and Caraion, 1974; 1977) are from near the middle

of the subtropical biogeographic region. The

myodocopid ostracodes are quite diverse consisting

of 17 genera and 36 species. One genus, 24 species,

and 1 subspecies are endemic, but the range of many

of these will probably be extended both north and

south of the present study area when those relatively unknown areas are studied.

Kornicker (1974) reported 12 species in the Gulf

of Naples, Italy. Of these, 7 were collected also in

the present study area indicating a fairly close biotic

relationship between the two areas (Simpson Index:

58). The myodocopid ostracodes in the region between the study area and the Mediterranean Sea

are not well known, but it seems likely that the

species present in both the study area and the Gulf

of Naples will be found in the intervening region.

One of the species in the study area has also been

collected in the Bay of Biscay and another as far

north as the Shetland Islands. The myodocopid

ostracodes on the inner shelf of the Ivory Coast,

which is located along the outer northern coast of

the Gulf of Guinea, south of the study area, were

reported on by Kornicker (1975b). The inner shelf

(10-80 m depth) of the Ivory Coast contained only

3 genera and 3 species, all of which were collected

also in the present study area. Thus, except for the

assemblage of the Ivory Coast being depauperate,

it is not unlike that of the study area (Simpson

Index: 100). A single species reported by Scott

(1894) from Sao Tome Island, off Gabon, was not

collected in the study area. The myodocopid ostracodes of South-West and South Africa are not well

known, but only one of the species listed from those

areas by Kornicker (1975a) was in the present collection, and that species was referred to a different

species (a species not in the present collection) by

Kornicker (1976a). None of the species reported by

Kornicker (1976a) from southern Africa was in the

present collection. This suggests that for myodocopid ostracodes, the major change in species composition along the west coast of Africa takes place between the Ivory Coast and South-West Africa.

Additional collections from the west coast of Africa,

both north and south of the study area, are needed

to better delimit latitudinal changes in the species

composition of the ostracodes.

None of the species in the study area have been

reported from the Indian or Pacific Oceans, and

only 1 has been reported from the west Atlantic

(West Indies). Compared to other taxa, the myodo-
NUMBER 250

copid ostracodes of Spanish Sahara and Mauritania

seem to be less widely distributed (for ranges of

some other taxa, see Ekman, 1953:49; Briggs, 1974:

109).

SARSIELLIDAE

Brady and Norman, 1896

This family is represented in the study area by

two genera: Sarsiella Norman, 1869, and Junctichela, new genus. Two additional genera have

been reported from the vicinity of western Africa:

Eurypylus Brady, 1869, represented by Eurypylus

petrosus Brady, 1869, collected at Sao Vincenti,

Cape Verde Islands, and Parasarsiella Poulsen, 1965,

represented by Parasarsiella globula Brady, 1887,

collected off the Atlantic coast of North Africa at

a depth of 932 and 2333 m.

Key to the Genera of Sarsiellidae of West Africa

Claws 1, 2 and 3 fused to lamella Junctichela, new genus

Claws 1 and 2 fused to lamella Eurypylus Brady

Claw 1 fused to lamella 2

Furca with 5 claws Sarsiella Norman

Furca with more than 5 claws Parasarsiella Poulsen

Sarsiella Norman, 1869

Eight species of Sarsiella were collected: S.

capsula Norman, 1869; S. neapolis Kornicker,

1975a; S. anommata, new species; S. africana, new

species; S. ocula, new species; S. dornellasae, new

species; S. gomoiui, new species; S. rudescui, new

species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of Sarsiella are widespread between latitudes of about 63°N and

37°05'S. The previously known depth range of this

genus was intertidal to about 205 m. Species in the

present collection were from off Mauritania and

Spanish Sahara at depths of 14-1120 m. This increases the lower limit of the known depth range.

Key to Females of the Species of Sarsiella of West Africa

1. Carapace with abundant small spines; endopodite of 2nd antenna with 1 or 2 terminal

bristles 2

Carapace without abundant small spines or hairs; endopodite of 2nd antenna without terminal bristles {unknown for S. murrayana) 3

2. Carapace with continuous concentric ridge 4

Carapace without continuous concentric ridge 5

3. Lateral eyes present 6

Lateral eyes absent S. anommata, new species

4. Carapace with 2 ridges ventral to central adductor muscle attachments

S. gomoiui, new species

Carapace with 1 ridge ventral to central adductor muscle attachments

S. neapolis Kornicker

5. Carapace with numerous well developed processes 7

Carapace without numerous well developed processes S. rudescui, new species

6. Carapace with upper and lower horizontal rib tending to meet at posterodorsal coiner of

each valve S. murrayana Scott

Carapace without rib meeting at posterodorsal corner S. capsula Norman

7. Lateral eyes present 8

Lateral eyes absent S. africana, new species

8. Endopodite of female 2nd antenna with 1 terminal bristle; length of carapace of adult female

less than 1.6 mm S. dornellasae, new species

Endopodite of female 2nd antenna with 2 terminal bristles; length of carapace of adult female

more than 1.85 mm S. ocula. new species
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869

FIGURES 4-8; PLATES 1-4

Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869:293.—Brady and Norman,

1896:677, pi. 60: figs 1-4, 18.—Kornicker, 1967:32, fig. 16,

pi. 3 [redescription]; 1974:27, figs. ll-13a,fr.

Sarsiella levis Miiller, 1894:216, fig. 2, pi. 1: fig. 28, pi. 4:

figs. 11, 12, 19, 20, 23, 24, 26, 32, 36, 45-47, pi. 8: figs. 2-3.

Nematohamma obliqua Brady and Norman, 1896:680-682,

pi. 52: figs. 1-2, pi. 53: figs. 12-15.

Sarsiella? capsula.—Scott, 1902:475, pi. 25: figs. 27-32.

Eusarsiella levis.—Poulsen, 1965:44, 83, 160.

Not Sarsiella capsula.—Sars. 1888:229, pi. 3: figs. 5-7, pi. 10 —

Mttller, 1894:214, pi. 4: figs. 4-6, 8-10, 22, 25, 27-29, 31,

33-35, 37, 48, pi. 8: figs. 6-7— Brady, 1911:595.—Rome,

1942:8.

HOLOTYPE.—Unique female, on dry slide in Norman Collection at the British Museum (Natural

History) (1911.11.8, M3985).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—In vicinity of the Shetland

Islands.

MATERIAL.—USNM 156614, 1 ovigerous female

from station AlOb; USNM 156627, 1 ovigerous

female from station X048; USNM 156814, 1 ovigerous female from station A8a; USNM 156815, 14

specimens from station X041; USNM 156636, 1

ovigerous female and 2 juveniles from station X057;

USNM 156816, 1 juvenile from station X068;

USNM 156626, 1 ovigerous female from station

X048; USNM 156817, 19 specimens from station

X048; 10 specimens from station X048 in Museum

of Natural History "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest,

Romania; USNM 156625, 1 adult male from station

X048.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 4-6;

V

FIGURE 4.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, adult female, USNM

156614, length 1.13 mm.

Plates 1, 2).—Carapace oval in lateral view with

projecting posteroventral caudal process; anterior

rotund without rostrum or incisur; broad alar process present in posterodorsal part of each valve appearing truncate in dorsal view.

Ornamentation: 6 radial anteroventral ribs extending outward from slightly depressed central

area, a 7th rib extending to tip of caudal process

(Figure 4); edge of alar posterodorsal process

marked by rib; small shallow fossae abundant on

valve surface; SEM micrographs reveal numerous

digitate processes in fossae (Plate \c-f), and also

punctae on surface of valves between fossae (Plate

lc); long bristles present along anterior and ventral

margins and sparsely distributed on valve surface

(Plates la, 2a,d), some with papillae? (Plate 2e);

gel-like coating not present on valves; concretions

present on some valves (Plate \a,b).

Infold: Minute bristle present on anterior infold

(Figure 5a); infold of caudal process with 8 small

bristles (Figure 5a,b; Plate 2/); bristles bear pore

near middle (Plate 2b,c); a few additional smaller

bristles along inner margin of infold; 2 setose

bristles present just dorsal to caudal process.

Size: USNM 156627, length 1.13 mm, height 0.92

mm; USNM 156614, length 1.13 mm, height 0.93

mm; USNM 156626, length 1.19 mm, height 0.99

mm.

First Antenna (Figure 5c): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 1 spinous dorsal bristle and few spines along

dorsal margin. 3rd joint: fused to 4th, with 2 spinous bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). 4th joint: 4 spinous

bristles (1 dorsal, 3 ventral). 5th joint: sensory

bristle with 3 minute filaments. 6th joint: short

spinous medial bristle. 7th joint: bare a-bristle

about same length as 5th joint; b-bristle bare, about

one-third longer than a-bristle; c-bristle slightly

longer than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 3

minute marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare with blunt tips, slightly shorter than

sensory bristle; f- and g-bristles same length as

d-bristle, with 3 minute marginal filaments.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

with 1 or 2 short proximal bristles and small

terminal process (process could be considered to be

2nd joint) (Figure 5d). Exopodite: 1st joint with

minute medial spine terminally; joints 2-8 with

short spines forming row along distal margin; 2nd

joint with bristle with about 25 slender spines
NUMBER 250

FIGURE 5.—Satsiella capsula Norman, adult female, USNM 156627, length 1.13 mm: a, right

valve showing bristles of infold, inner margin of infold, outline of central adductor muscle

attachment are'a (dashed), and distal ends of dorsal muscles, inside view; b, bristles on infold of

caudal process and posterior setal bristles, inside view of left valve; c, right 1st antenna, medial

view; d, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, right mandible, medial view.
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

proximally along ventral margin and distal natatory hairs; joints 3-6 with bristles with faint, hairlike, proximal spines along ventral margin and

natatory hairs; joints 7 and 8 with bristles with

natatory hairs; 9th joint with 2 bristles (1 long

ventral bristle with slender hairlike spines proximally along ventral margin and distal natatory

hairs, and 1 short dorsal bristle with short marginal

hairs).

Mandible (Figure be): Coxale with stout medial

spine near ventral margin and long hairs distally

along ventral margin. Basale: medial side with 2

short bristles near ventral margin; lateral side with

2 minute bristles near ventral margin; ventral

margin with 2 minute bristles, proximal of these

with base on medial side; dorsal margin with

minute subterminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint

with medial surface with numerous distal spines,

dorsal margin with minute terminal spines continuing as row on medial surface, ventral margin

with distal spines, and stout terminal claw with

minute spines proximally along dorsal margin; 2nd

joint with stout ventral claw and short, terminal,

dorsal bristle; end joint with stout terminal claw

and 3 short bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal).

Maxilla (Figure 6a): Coxale with short dorsal

bristle and fringe of long hairs. 3 endites with total

of 16 bristles. Basale with bristle near exopodite.

Exopodite with 2 bristles, inner of these bare, about

one-half length of outer spinous bristle (spines not

shown on bristle in Figure 6a). Endopodite: 1st

joint with few distal spines along dorsal margin,

or and /J-bristles with numerous teeth along proximal unringed part and more slender spines along

ringed distal part (spines on ^-bristle not shown in

Figure 6a); end joint with 2 short a-bristles, 1 short

c-bristle, and 5 stout pectinate end bristles, the anterior of these ringed distallv.

FIGURE 6.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, adult female, USNM 156627: a, right maxilla, lateral

view; b, distal end of 5th limb; c, left 6th limb, medial view; d, distal part of 7th limb; e,

right lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; /, upper lip, anterior to right. Female,

USNM 156614, length 1.17 mm: g, complete specimen showing eggs (dashed line) and central

adductor muscle scars; h, right lateral eye.
NUMBER 250 11

Fifth Limb (Figure 66): Epipodial appendage

with 25 bristles. Single endite with short bare

bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous bristles;

joints 2-5 fused, hirsute, with total of 7-8 spinous

bristles. [Kornicker (1974:29) incorrectly described

the fused 2nd to 5th joints of an immature female

as having 9 bristles, but correctly showed 7 bristles

on the illustration of the limb (1974:30, fig. 12.4).]

Sixth Limb (Figure 6c): Single endite with 2 short

medial bristles and 1 longer terminal bristle; end

joint with 9—10 ventral bristles with short marginal

spines, and 2 long hirsute posterior bristles; posterior one-third of medial surface and posterior margin

with long hairs; anterior two-thirds of medial surface with short, slender spines forming rows; lateral

surface with hairs near base of the 2 posterior

bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 6d): 2 proximal bristles

present (1 on each side), each with 5 bells decreasing

in size distally along bristle; distal group with 6

bristles (3 on each side) comprising 2 short bristles,

each with 3 bells decreasing in size distally, and 4

long bristles, each with 6 bells of which proximal 3

are much larger than distal 3; terminus without

combs.

Furca (Figure 6g): Each lamella with 5 slender

claws; claw 1 joined to lamella, claws 2-5 separated

from lamella by suture; claws 1-4 with teeth along

posterior margins, some of these stouter than others;

claw 1 with hairs along anterior margin; long medial hairs near base of claw 1; minute spines on

anterior margin of lamella; 2 or 3 minute spines

on lamella following claw 5.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 6e): Elongate with

rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye lightly pigmented, bare (Figure

6e); lateral eye about same size as medial eye, with

light brown pigment and 4 ommatidia (Figure 6e,h).

Upper Lip (Figure 6/): Helmet shaped.

Eggs: USNM 156627 with 5 eggs in marsupium;

USNM 156614 with 6 eggs (for position of eggs, see

Figure 6g); USNM 156626 with 4 eggs.

REMARKS.—The long bristles on the terminal end

of the 7th limb bear 3 large bells followed by 3

small bells. This character is useful in the identification of this species.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE

(Figures 7, 8; Plates 3, 4).—Carapace elongate with

anterior rostrum and incisur (Figure 7a); posterior

truncate; alar projection with flat dorsal surface

present in posterodorsal part of each valve; low rib

parallel to, and just within, ventral margin.

Ornamentation: Surface with abundant small

shallow fossae (Plate 8a-c); SEM micrographs reveal

numerous digitate processes within fossae (Plate

3e,f), and also punctate on surface of valves between

fossae (Plate 3d); long bristles present along anterior and ventral margins and sparsely distributed

on valve surface (Plate Sb,d); gel-like coating not

present on valves.

Infold: Minute bristle present on anterior infold

(Figure 7a,b); infold of caudal process with 4 small

bristles (Figure la,c, Plate Ac) and a few additional

smaller bristles (some tubular) along inner margin

of infold (Plate 46); 2 setose bristles present just

dorsal to caudal process (Plate 4d,e).

Selvage (Plate 4/): Selvage along rostrum with

digitate margin.

Size: USNM 156625, length 1.21 mm, height 0.75

mm.

First Antenna (Figure Id): 1st joint: few rows of

minute spines on medial surface. 2nd joint: short

spines forming rows on lateral surface and 1 spinous

dorsal bristle. 3rd and 4th joints: fused; 3rd joint

with 1 spinous dorsal bristle and 1 minute ventral

bristle; 4th joint with 1 dorsal bristle with few

faint spines and 2 longer ventral bristles with few

faint spines; 5th joint: small, with sensory bristle

with abundant slender filaments emerging from

basal cup, 4 short marginal filaments, and bifurcate

tip. 6th joint: short medial bristle. 7th joint:

a-bristle about equal in length to 6th joint; b-bristle

bare, about one and one-half times length of

a-bristle, minute spine at tip; c-bristle reaching past

tip of sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 4 marginal

filaments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare, almost as long as c-bristle (tip of

e-bristle broken off on both limbs of USNM

156625); f-bristle about three-fourths length of

c-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments and bifurcate

tip; g-bristle almost as long as c-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip; tips of all filaments and bristles with a minute spine.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 7e): 1st joint short, with 2 small,

proximal, anterior bristles; 2nd joint short with 2

short, stout, spinous, ventral bristles; 3rd joint

elongate, recurved, with 2 short terminal bristles
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

and 3 or 4 ridges on ventral side near tip, dorsal

side of 3rd joint in vicinity of curvature undulate.

Exopodite: 1st joint bare; 2nd joint about twice

length of 3rd; joints 2-8 with natatory bristles; joint

9 with 2 natatory bristles; all bristles with natatory

hairs but without spines; basal spines absent.

Mandible (Figure If): Coxale endite consisting

of stout spine; medial surface of coxale with few

minute spines near ventral margin. Basale: medial

surface with 4 bristles near ventral margin (3 proximal, 1 distal); lateral surface wth 2 distal bristles

near ventral margin; dorsal margin with 2 subFICLRE l.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, adult male, USNM 156625, length 1.21 mm: a, right

valve, inside view; b, anterior of left valve, inside view; c, caudal process of left valve,'inside

view; d, left 1st antenna, medial view (only proximal part of filaments of sensory bristle

shown); e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; /, left mandible, medial view.
NUMBER 250 13

FIGURE 8.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, adult male, USNM 156625: a, maxilla, lateral view; b,

distal end of 5th limb; c, left 6lh limb, medial view; d, 7th limb; e, left lateral eye, medial

eye, and rod-shaped organ, anterior of body, upper lip; /, copulatory organ showing seminal

vesicles and both copulatory limbs.

terminal bristles. Exopodite consisting of hirsute

process with base on lateral side of basale and distal

part medial to 1st endopodial joint. Endopodite:

1st joint with dorsal margin with proximal notch

and several terminal spines forming row, ventral

margin with 2 terminal bristles (1 short, 1 long),

medial surface hirsute on dorsal half; 2nd joint

with dorsal margin with long stout midbristle,

ventral margin with long stout terminal bristle with

few marginal spines, medial surface with slender

spines forming row along distal margin; end joint

with stout terminal claw, 2 short ventral bristles,

and 1 short dorsal bristle.

Maxilla (Figure 8a): Coxale with short dorsal

bristle and fringe of long hairs. 3 endites with total

of about 16 bristles. Exopodite with 2 bristles (inner

bristle about one-half length of outer bristle). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 slender «-bristle with few

faint spines, and 1 slender /?-bristle; end joint with

total of 7 or 8 bristles; limb reduced.

Fifth Limb (Figure 8b): Epipodial appendage

fragmented but with more than 18 bristles. Single

endite with short bare bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint

with 2 spinous bristles; joints 2-5 fused, hirsute,

with total of 7 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 8c): Single endite with 3 short

bristles; end joint with 6 lateral hirsute bristles, 4

medial bristles with long proximal hairs and short

distal spines, and 2 posterior hirsute bristles; limb

hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 8d): Represented by a

minute stump.

Furca: Similar to that of female.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 8e): Elongate with

rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye lightly pigmented, bare (Figure

8e); lateral eye slightly smaller than medial eye,

with 4 ommatidia (Figure Be).

Copulatory Organ (Figure 8/): Each limb with

proximal lobe with about 5 short bristles, and an

elongate lobe terminating in sclerotized hook with

serrate edge; 2 bristles and a small triangular process with serrate edge present proximally near inner

curvature of elongate lobe.

Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, 1974

FIGURES 9, 11-14; PLATES 5-7

Sarsiella capsula.—Sars, 1888:229, pi. 3: figs. 5-7, pi. 10.—

Miiller, 1894:214, fig. 3, pi. 1: fig. 8, pi. 4: figs. 4-6, 8-10,

21, 22, 25, 27-29, 31, 33-35, 37, 48, pi. 8: figs. 6, 7, pi. 34:

figs. 47, 52, 55.—Rome, 1942:8.—Poulsen. 1965:44 [discusssion].—Kornicker, 1967:33 [discussion].

Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, 1974:33, figs. 13c,d, 14, 15-
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

HOLOTYPE.—Juvenile female in collection of

Zoological Museum of Berlin (ZMB) 9155, sp. No.

1, in alcohol, length including caudal process 1.37

mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples.

MATERIAL.—USNM 153928, 1 A-l male from station X054; USNM 156650, 1 ovigerous female from

station X053; USNM 156643, 1 adult male from

station X057; USNM 156634, 1 ovigerous female

from station XO57; USNM 156986, 1 specimen from

station X070; USNM 156987, 1 ovigerous female

and 7 juveniles from station XO53; USNM 156648,

1 juvenile male from station XO57; 2 juveniles from

station X057 in the Museum of Natural History

"Grigore Antipa," Bucharest, Romania.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 9-11).—

Carapace oval in lateral view with prominent posteroventral caudal process; anterior margin

rounded without rostrum or incisur.

Ornamentation (Figure 9): Central flat area with

peripheral ridge bearing small projecting processes;

the processes along posterior and ventral parts of

ridge more prominent than those along anterior

and dorsal parts of ridge; the 2 posterodorsal and

posterior processes more prominent than others, but

posteroventral process only slightly smaller than

posterior process on some specimens; most of the

processes continue as low radial ribs extending

toward edges of valve; one of these ribs bisects

caudal process; surface of valve with abundant

shallow fossae; surface between fossae with densely

distributed short spines covered by gelatinous substance; long bristles present along anterior and

ventral margin.

Infold: Anterior infold with minute bristle ventral to midpoint of anterior margin; infold of

caudal process with 5 or 6 bristles near middle and

1 close to inner margin of infold (arranged similarly to those illustrated by Kornicker, 1974: fig.

14/*); posterior infold with 2 setose bristles near

middle.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with smooth edge

present along anterior, ventral, and posterior

margins.

Size (measurements include caudal process) (Figure 10): USNM 156650, length 1.26 mm, height 1.03

mm; USNM 156634, length 1.19 mm, height 1.11

mm; USNM 156987, length 1.30 mm, height 1.10

mm.

FIGURE 9.—Sarstella neapolis Kornicker, adult female,

USNM 156634, length 1.19 mm.

First Antenna (Figure lla): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 1 spinous dorsal bristle. 3rd and 4th joints:

fused; 3rd joint with 2 long bristles (1 ventral, 1

dorsal); 4th joint with 3 bristles (1 dorsal, 2 ventral). 5th joint: sensory bristle with 1 short proximal filament. 6th joint: medial bristle short. 7th

joint: a-bristle spinous; b-bristle bare, about one

and one-half times length of a-bristle; c-bristle

about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint,

with 1 short proximal filament. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare with blunt tips, about twice length

of b-bristle; f-bristle slightly shorter than c-bristle,

with 1 short proximal filament; g-bristle about

same length as c-bristle, with 1 short proximal filament.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

single jointed with 2 short proximal anterior

bristles and 1 longer spinous terminal bristle (Figure 116). Exopodite: 1st joint with minute recurved

medial bristle on distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint

with about 23 proximal ventral spines (spines becoming more slender distally on bristle) followed

by natatory hairs; bristles of joints 2-8 with proximal ventral spines followed by natatory hairs; 9th

joint with 2 bristles (dorsal of these short, bare, or

with few hairs; ventral bristle long, with slender

proximal spines on ventral margin followed by

natatory hairs).

Mandible (Figure lie): Coxale endite represented

by stout spine; ventral margin of coxale with long

hairs. Basale: medial side with 3 short bristles

(shortest of these between and lateral to remaining
NUMBER 250 15

2) almost on ventral margin; ventral margin with 1

short distal bristle; lateral side with 2 short bristles

near ventral margin; dorsal margin with minute

midbristle and minute subterminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with dorsal margin slightly undulate proximally and with terminal spines forming

row extending onto medial side, ventral margin

with stout terminal claw with row of minute teeth

proximally along dorsal margin, medial surface

with slender spines forming pattern; 2nd joint with

dorsal margin with short subterminal bristle,

ventral margin with stout terminal claw; 3rd joint

with stout terminal claw and 3 minute bristles (2

ventral and 1 dorsal to base of claw).

Maxilla (Figure lid): Coxale with short bare

bristle on anterior margin. Endites with total of 15

bristles. 1 bristle on basale near exopodite. Exopodite with 2 bristles (inner of these about one-half

I

24

1.9

1.8

17

1.6

1.5

* 1.4

1.3

12

1.1

1.0

0.9

OJ

0.7

S. neapolis

S. africana

S. oaula

S. gomoiui

S. dozmellasae

S. rudesaui

9

O

D

o

El

*

•

•

•

s

o

•

D

• *

1.0 1.1 12 13 lit 15 16 17

CARAPACE LENGTH (mm)

1.8 1.9

FIGURE 10.—Carapace length-height diagram of adult males and females of species of Sarsiella

in this study having abundant surface bristles on the carapace and, also, a gelatinous coating.
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 11.—Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, adult female, USNM 156650, length 1.26 mm: a, left

1st antenna, medial view; b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; c, left mandible,

medial view; d, left maxilla, medial view; e, distal end of 5th limb; /, left 6th limb, medial

view; g, distal part of 7th limb; h, right lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; i, left

lateral eye (anterior to left); j , medial eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior of body, upper lip.
NUMBER 250 17

length of outer bristle). Endopodite: 1st joint with

stout pectinate «- and j8-bristles; 2nd joint with 2

short a-bristles, 1 very small c-bristle, and 5 pectinate end bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure lie): Endite with 1 fairly

long bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous

bristles; joints 2-5 fused, hirsute, with total of 7

spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 11/): Single endite with 2

short medial bristles and 1 longer terminal bristle;

end joint with 11 ventral bristles with short marginal spines and 2 longer, hirsute, posterior bristles;

medial side with abundant long hairs near posterior

margin and shorter hairs forming rows elsewhere.

Seventh Limb (Figure llg): Each limb with 8

bristles, 6 terminally (3 on each side) and 2 proximally (1 on each side); each bristle with 2—5 bells;

bells decrease in size distally along bristle; terminus

consisting of 2 opposing combs, each with 5 curved

teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 5 claws; claw 1 joined

to lamella, others separated from lamella by suture;

claws \-A with teeth along posterior margin (some

teeth longer than others); left lamella following

claw 5 with 4 or 5 spines; right lamella following

claw 5 with fewer and smaller spines.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure Ilh,j): Elongate with

rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye lightly pigmented, bare (Figure

\\h,f). Lateral eye about same size as medial eye,

with 4 ommatidia (Figure \\h,i).

Upper Lip (Figure 11;): Helmet shaped.

Genitalia: Consisting of round sclerotized ring on

each side of body in front of furca.

Brushlike Organ: Consisting of about 5 minute

bristles on each side of body dorsal to genitalia.

Eggs: USNM 156650 with 3 eggs in marsupium

and 4 small unextruded eggs (eggs about half the

diameter of extruded eggs); USNM 156634 with 3

eggs in marsupium; USNM 156987, 4 eggs in marsupium.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE

(Figures 12, 13).—Carapace elongate with prominent rostrum and truncate posterior.

Ornamentation (Figure 12): Broad flat middle

area of valve with peripheral rib similar to that of

adult female but with more prominent posterodorsal and posterior processes; ventral part of ridge

with 5 processes; anterior part of ridge extending

FIGURE 12.—Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, adult male, USNM

156643, length 1.17 mm.

onto rostrum; posterior part of ridge ventral to

prominent posterior processes subdued; surface of

valve with abundant shallow fossae and spines similar to those on adult female; spines covered by

gelatinous substance; long bristles present along

anteroventral margin and scattered over valve surface; a long bristle present at peak of the posterodorsal and posterior processes of peripheral ridge;

short bristles present along inset ventral edge of

valve.

Size (measurements include caudal process) (Figure 10): USNM 156643, length 1.17 mm, height

0.76 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 13a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 1 dorsal bristle and short spines forming rows

on medial surface. 3rd and 4th joints: fused; 3rd

joint with short dorsal bristle and minute ventral

bristle; 4th joint with 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal).

5th joint: minute, sensory bristle with cuplike basal

part with abundant bristles and stem with 4 marginal filaments and small spines at tip. 6th joint:

medial bristle short. 7th joint: a-bristle bare, about

four times length of bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle

bare, about one-fourth times longer than a-bristle;

c-bristle extending past tip of sensory bristle of 5th

limb, with 4 fairly long marginal filaments, 1

minute filament near base of distal marginal filament, and with minute spines at tip. 8th joint: dand e-bristles slightly more than twice length of

b-bristle, bare with blunt tips; f-bristle about same

length as e-bristle, with 4 fairly long marginal filaments and minute spines at tip; g-bristle almost as

long as c-bristle, with 4 fairly long marginal filaments and minute spines at tip.
18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13.—Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, adult male, USNM 156643, length 1.17 mm: a, left

1st antenna, medial view (only proximal part of filaments of sensory bristles shown); b, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view (anterior down); c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna,

medial view; d, left mandible, medial view; e, distal end of 5th limb; /, 6th limb; g, 7th limb;

h, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; i, left and right lateral eyes; ;', copulatory organ showing

seminal vesicles and both copulatory limbs; k, right copulatory limb in situ (anterior to right).

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

single jointed or with minute 2nd joint: 1st joint

with 2 short, proximal, anterior bristles; minute

2nd joint with 3 short bristles (Figure \3b,c). Exopodite: 1st joint with minute recurved medial

bristle on distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint with

few long hairs proximally on dorsal margin, then

about 10 slender spines on ventral margin, followed

by natatory hairs on both margins; bristles on joints

3 and 4 with proximal natatory hairs on both

margins followed by few ventral spines and, then,

natatory hairs on both margins; bristles of joints

5—8 with natatory hairs but no spines; 9th joint

with 2 bristles with natatory hairs (dorsal bristle

very short); no basal spines.

Mandible (Figure 13d): Coxale endite consisting
NUMBER 250 19

of single spine; hairs absent on ventral and medial

surfaces of coxale. Basale: medial side with 1 short

bristle near middle and 3 short proximal bristles

near ventral margin close to 2 similar bristles on

ventral margin; dorsal margin with 2 fairly long

bristles. Exopodite with base on lateral side of

basale, and hirsute distal part medial to 1st endopodite joint. Endopodite: 1st joint with medial

side with long hairs near dorsal margin and shorter

hairs forming rows elsewhere, ventral margin with

2 terminal bristles (1 very short); 2nd joint with

proximal notch and 1 stout midbristle on dorsal

margin, 1 short slender terminal bristle on ventral

margin, and spines forming rows on medial surface;

3rd joint with 1 stout terminal bristle, 1 minute

dorsal bristle, and 2 ventral bristles (1 minute, 1

with bulbous base).

Maxilla: Limb reduced, with weak bristles. In

general, similar to maxilla of adult male of Sarsiella

capsula described herein.

Fifth Limb (Figure \Se): Coxale with short anterior bristle. Exopodite hirsute; 1st joint with 2

hirsute bristles; joints 2-5 fused, with total of 6

or 7 hirsute bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 13/): Single endite with 2

small bristles; ventral margin of end joint with 6

hirsute lateral bristles, 4 or 5 medial bristles with

long proximal and short distal spines, and 2 hirsute

posterior bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 13g): Represented by

minute stump.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 13/J): Elongate with 3

proximal segments and rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye lightly pigmented, bare (Figure

13/i). Lateral eye slightly smaller than medial eye,

with 4 ommatidia (Figure 13i).

Copulatory Organ (Figure 13;',&): Each side with

2 lobes with bristles, and elongate lobe terminating

in sclerotized hooklike process; dentate triangular

process and several bristles present proximally on

inner curvature of elongate lobe.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 14; Plates

5-7).—Carapace oval in lateral view with truncate

posterior and posteroventral caudal process, and

without rostrum or incisur.

Ornamentation (Figure 14a; Plates 5-7): Peripheral ridge and radial ribs similar to those of adult

FIGURE 14.—Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, A-l male, USNM 153928, length 1.24 mm: a, complete

specimen showing left lateral eye as seen through shell and central adductor muscle attachments; b, posterior end of left valve, inside view; c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial

view; d, left 7th limb; e, left furcal lamella; /, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; g, left lateral

eye; h, left Y-sclerite (anterior to left).
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

female (Figure 14a; Plate 5a-c); surface with

abundant shallow fossae (Plate ba,d), SEM micrographs reveal few spines at bottom of fossae and

numerous spines between fossae (Plate bd-f) and

forming ridges and ribs (Plates ba-c, 6a); tips of

spines rounded and with few minute papillae (Plate

6d); surface between spines covered with gelatinous

substance forming film on drying (Plates bd-f, 6);

long bristles or hairs present along anterior and

ventral margins and scattered over valve surface

(Plates ba-d, 66).

Infold: Infold of caudal process with 6 bristles

plus 1 near inner margin (Figure 146); anterior

infold below valve middle with 1 small bristle;

posterior infold with 2 setiferous bristles dorsal to

caudal process (Figure 146).

Central Adductor Muscles: See Plate 7.

Size: USNM 153928, length including caudal

process 1.24 mm, length excluding caudal process

1.14 mm, height 0.96 mm.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short anterior bristles and a long

and a short terminal bristle (Figure 14c). Exopodite: 1st joint with minute, medial, recurved,

ternynal bristle; bristles of joints 2-8 with proximal

spines along ventral margin and distal natatory

hairs; 9th joint with 3 bristles (2 long with proximal ventral spines and distal natatory hairs, and

1 short, bare).

Seventh Limb (Figure 14d): Vestigial without

bristles.

Furca (Figure He): Each lamella with 5 claws

followed by 4 points; claw 1 fused to lamella, remaining claws separated from lamella by suture.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 14/): 1-jointed with

rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye with 4 ommatidia (Figure I4g);

medial eye larger than lateral eye, lightly pigmen ted (Figure 14/).

Y-Sclerite (Figure I4h): Typical for family.

Remaining Appendages: Not examined in detail,

but in general similar to those of adult female.

Sarsiella anommata, new species

FIGURES 15-17; PLATE 8

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 141559, ovigerous female, on

slides and in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X054.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name "anommata" is

derived from the Greek "an" (= not, without,

privative) + "omma" (= eye) and refers to the

absence of lateral eyes on this species.

PARATYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 299, A-l female

from same sample as holotype.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at only the type-locality.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 15—17a—/,"

Plate 8).—Carapace oval in lateral view with

elongate, backward pointing, caudal process and

without incisur (Figures 15, 16a).

Ornamentation (Figure 15): Surface of each valve

punctate with upper and lower rib meeting at posterodorsal corner; 3 faint radial riblets present

along anterior margin; long bristles along anterior

and ventral margin and sparsely distributed on

valve surface (Plate 8a,6); surface of valve with

fossae containing inward pointing spines (Plate

86-/); surface between fossae with minute pits

(Plate 86,<r) and papillae (Plate Sd-f).

Infold: Anterior infold with minute bristle near

valve midheight (Figure 166//); infold of caudal

process with 8-10 small bristles in addition to 1 or

2 bristles at inner margin (Figure I6b,c,e); posterior

infold with 2 setose bristles dorsal to caudal process

(Figure I6b,c,e).

Central Adductor Muscle Scars: Consisting of

about 11 ovoid scars.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation along anterior, ventral and posterior valve margins.

Size: USNM 141559, length excluding caudal

FIGURE 15.—Sarsiella anommata, new species, holotype, adult

female, USNM 141559, length 1.40 mm.
NUMBER 250 21

FIGURE 16.—Sarsiella anommata, new species, holotype, adult female, USXM 141559, length 1.40

mm: a, complete specimen showing area of central muscle attachments (dashed line) and a few

punctae; b, right valve, inside view; c, posterior of right valve, inside view; d, inside view of

section of anterior part of right valve showing minute bristle on infold; e, posterior of left valve,

inside view; /, right 1st antenna, lateral view; g, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view

(anterior down ); h, right mandible, medial view; i, distal end of basale and proximal part of 1st

endopodite joint of left mandible showing position of exopodite, lateral view.
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

process 1.22 mm, length with caudal process 1.40

mm, height 1.06 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 16/): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: few spines along dorsal margin and 1 spinous

dorsal bristle. 3rd joint: fused to 4th, with 2 spinous

bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). 4th joint: 4 spinous

bristles (1 dorsal, 3 ventral). 5th joint: sensory

bristle with 3 minute filaments (1 proximal, 1 near

middle, 1 subterminal). 6th joint: small medial

bristle near dorsal margin. 7th joint: a-bristle short

spinous; b-bristle bare, slightly longer than a-bristle;

c-bristle same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint,

with 3 minute filaments (1 proximal, 1 near middle, 1 subterminal) and with small spine at tip. 8th

joint: d- and e-bristles bare, slightly shorter than

c-bristle; f-bristle same length as c-bristle, with 1

minute subterminal filament and small spine at tip;

g-bristle same length as c-bristle, with 4 minute

filaments (2 proximal, 1 near middle, 1 subterminal), and with small spine at tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with bare terminal protuberance and 2

anterior bristles with few marginal spines (Figure

16g). Exopodite: 1st joint with slender medial spine

on distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint with few long

hairs proximally on dorsal margin followed by

slender spines on ventral margin and then natatory

hairs on both margins; bristles of joints 2-8 with

natatory hairs, some with few slender ventral spines;

9th joint with 3 bristles (1 short with short marginal

spines, 2 long with natatory hairs).

Mandible (Figure I6h): Coxale endite consisting

of minute spine; ventral margin of basale with long

hairs. Basale: dorsal margin with 2 subterminal

bristles; medial side near ventral margin with 3

bristles; ventral margin with 1 minute distal bristle;

lateral side without bristles (absence probably aberrant; see description of A-l female which follows).

Endopodite: 1st joint with distal medial spines,

row of terminal lateral spines, 1 minute terminal

bristle on dorsal margin, and 1 minute medial

bristle at base of bare ventral claw; 2nd joint with

minute terminal bristle on dorsal margin and bare

ventral claw; 3rd joint with 3 minute bristles at

base of main claw (1 dorsal, 2 ventral). Exopodite

represented by minute bifurcate process on lateral

side a small distance from dorsal margin (Figure

Maxilla (Figure 17a): Precoxale and coxale with

fringe of hairs along dorsal margin; coxale with

short dorsal bristle. Endite I with about 5 bristles;

endites II and III with total of about 9 bristles.

Basale with 1 slender bristle near base of exopodite.

Exopodite with 2 bristles, one of these about half

length of other. Endopodite: 1st joint with pectinate a- and /?-bristles; 2nd joint with 2 a-bristles, 1

c-bristle and usual 5 b- and d-bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 17b): Single endite with 1

short bristle. Exopodite: hirsute; 1st joint with 2

spinous bristles; joints 2-5 fused; 2nd joint with 3

spinous bristles separated from joints 3-5 by space;

joints 3-5 with total of 4 spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure I7c,d): Single endite with 3

short bristles; end joint with 10-12 spinous bristles

and 2 stout, hirsute, posterior bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 17e): Proximal group with

2 bristles (1 on each side); distal group with 6

bristles (3 on each side) each with 3-6 bells, proximal 3 bells on long distal bristles longer than remaining bells; tip of limb bare, without combs.

Furca (Figure 17/): Each lamella with 5 slender

claws followed by 2-4 minute points and hairs; claw

1 fused to lamella, remaining claws separated by

suture; claws with teeth along posterior margins

and hairs along anterior margins; some teeth

longer than others; few spines present along anterior margin of lamellae; long hairs present on

inner side of lamellae near bases of claws.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 17g): 1-jointed with

rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent; medial eye small, unpigmented (Figure 17g).

Upper Lip (Figure 17g): Helmet-shaped projecting anteriorly, hirsute.

Genitalia (Figure 17i,j): Consisting of 2 oval

sclerotized rings, one of these cuplike.

Brushlike Organ (Figure 17h): Consisting of 6

minute, slender, ringed bristles.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 17*): Typical for family.

Eggs: USNM 141559 with 3 eggs in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE (Figure 17A).—Carapace similar to that of adult female except posterior

less truncate.

Ornamentation: With upper and lower rib meeting in posterodorsal corner as on adult female

carapace.
NUMBER 250 23

FIGURE 17.—Sarsiella anommata, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 141559: a, maxilla,

lateral view; b, distal end of 5th limb; c, d, 6th limbs (drawn at different magnifications); e,

distal part of 7th limb; /, left lamella of furca; g, anterior of animal showing part of right 2nd

antenna, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, upper lip; h, brushlike organ on right side of body,

anterior to right; i, posterior part of body showing right genital organ, right Y-sclerite, posterior

end of gut (dashed lines) terminating at anus, and proximal part of furca; /, left genital organ.

Paratype A-l female, "Grigore Antipa" 299, length 1.21 mm: k, complete specimen showing

position of central adductor muscle attachments.

Infold: Not examined.

Size: "Grigore Antipa" 299, length 1.21 mm,

height 0.87 mm.

First Antenna: Similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: Similar to that of adult female

except 9th joint of exopodite with only 2 bristles

(1 long, 1 short).

Mandible: Lateral side of basale with 2 small

bristles; limb otherwise similar to that of adult

female.

Fifth and 6th limbs: Not examined in detail

but, in general, similar to limbs of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Proximal group with 2 bristles (1

on each side); distal group with 4 bristles (2 on

each side); bristles strongly tapering and with 2 or

3 bells.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Furca: Left lamella with 6 slender claws, right

lamella with 5; claw 1 fused to lamella, remaining

claws separated from lamella by suture; claws with

teeth along posterior margin.

Rod-shaped Organ: 1-jointed with rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent; medial eye small unpigmented.

Upper Lip: Similar to that of adult female.

COMPARISONS.—Ornamentation on the carapace

of Sarsiella anommata resembles that on the carapace of 5. murrayana Scott, 1894. Sarsiella anommata differs from S. murrayana in having a more

elongate caudal process and in lacking lateral eyes.

Sarsiella anommata differs from Parasarsiella

globula (Brady, 1887) in being smaller and in having fewer claws on the furca. Sarsiella anommata

differs from S. capsula Norman, 1869, in having a

longer caudal process and in lacking lateral eyes.

Sarsiella africana, new species

FIGURES 18-23; PLATES 9-11

HOLOTYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 295, ovigerous

female, length 1.67 mm, appendages on slide and

in alcohol, carapace in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X031.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named after the continent.

ALLOTYPE.—USNM 153927, adult male from

same station as holotype.

PARATYPES.—USNM 156612, 1 juvenile male from

same sample as holotype; USNM 156613, 8 specimens, females and juveniles, including 2 without

valves, from same sample as holotype; USNM

156619, 2 ovigerous females, 1 adult female, and

juvenile from station X046; USNM 139847 1 adult

female from same sample as holotype; USNM

156611, 1 ovigerous female from same sample as

holotype; [USNM 157113], 3 specimens from same

sample as holotype; [USNM 157114], 2 juveniles

from same sample as holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 18-20;

Plates 9-11).—Carapace oval in lateral view, with

long posteroventral caudal process and without

incisur (Figures 18, 19a; Plates 9a, lOe, lla).

Ornamentation (Figure 18, I9d; Plates 9, \0a-d,

11): Anteroventral part of each valve with nodes

forming 2 rows, each with 4 and 6 nodes (Figure

FIGURE 18.—Sarsiella africana, new species, holotype, adult

female, "Grigore Antipa" 295, length 1.67 mm.

18; Plate lla); dorsal part of valve with 5 or 6

nodes forming horizontal row; 4 nodes present on

anterior part of valve near midheight; posterior

part of valve with about 11 nodes; 2 small nodes

present proximal to caudal process; total number

of nodes about 33; surface of valve between nodes

with shallow fossae (Figure 19d), surface of nodes

and areas between nodes covered with short spines

(Plates 9d-f, 10a, lie-/); gel-like substance filling in spaces between spines (Plate He-/); some

spines papillate (Plate lOa-d); long bristles along

anterior and ventral margins and sparsely distributed over valve surface. On some specimens

nodes coalesce to form horizontal, ventral and

dorsal ribs.

Infold: Anterior infold with 1 minute bristle

near inner margin at midheight (Figure 19c); in-
NUMBER 250 25

FIGURE 19.—Sarsiella africana, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 139847, length 1.81

mm: a, outline of complete carapace; b, outside view of central adductor muscle attachments of

left valve (anterior to left); c, medial view of segment of anterior part of left valve showing

minute bristle on infold, and bristles along valve edge; d, outside view of shallow fossae and

hairs on left valve; e, posterior of left valve, inside view; /, right 1st antenna, medial view; g,

endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; h, right mandible, medial view; i, left maxilla,

medial view; ;, distal end of 5th limb.
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

fold of caudal process with about 8 bristles in

addition to 1 or 2 minute bristles along inner margin (Figure \9e; Plate 10<?,/); posterior infold

dorsal to caudal process with 2 setose bristles.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation without fringe

present along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins.

Central Adductor Muscle Scars (Figure 196):

Consisting of about 15 ovoid individual scars.

Size (Figure 10): USNM 139847, length 1.81 mm,

height including caudal process 1.56 mm; holotype,

"Grigore Antipa" 295, length 1.67 mm, height including caudal process 1.66 mm; USNM 156611,

length 1.74 mm, height excluding caudal process

1.51 mm, height including caudal process 1.78 mm;

USNM 156619a, length 1.72 mm, height excluding

caudal process 1.52 mm, height including caudal

processs 1.67 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 19/): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: few spines along ventral and dorsal margins

and 1 dorsal bristle. 3rd joint: not separated from

4th by suture, with 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal).

4th joint: medial spines forming short rows near

ventral margin and 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal).

5th joint: sensory bristle with 1 minute proximal

filament and small spine at tip. 6th joint: short,

medial bristle with few spines. 7th joint: a-bristle

spinous, about 4 times length of bristle of 6th joint;

b-bristle bare, slightly longer than a-bristle; c-bristle

about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint,

with 1 or 2 minute proximal filaments and small

spine at tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare, slightly

shorter than c-bristle; f- and g-bristles about same

length as c-bristle, each with 1 or 2 short proximal

filaments and small spine at tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short anterior bristles and long,

spinous, terminal bristle with base on small protuberance (Figures 19g, 20g,i,j). Exopodite: 1st

joint with short recurved medial spine on terminal

margin; bristle of 2nd joint long, with natatory

hairs but without ventral spines; bristles of joints

3-8 and 2 bristles of 9th joint (1 short, 1 long) with

natatory hairs; faint short spines forming row along

terminal margins of joints 2-8. Endopodite of 2nd

antenna of USNM 156611 aberrant in having in

addition to 2 anterior bristles, 2 terminal bristles

on left limb and 3 on right.

Mandible (Figure 19/J): Coxale endite consisting

of spine divided in half by suture; ventral margin

of coxale with long hairs. Basale: ventral margin

with depression near middle formed by internal

muscle attachment; 6 bristles present on or near

ventral margin (3 proximal and 3 distal to depression); dorsal margin with minute subterminal

bristle and 1 near middle. Exopodite absent. Endopodite: medial surface of 1st joint with distal spines

and minute bristle at base of main ventral claw;

2nd joint with short subterminal dorsal bristle and

short bristle at base of main ventral claw; 3rd joint

with minute bristle dorsal and ventral to base of

terminal claw; main claw bare.

Maxilla (Figure 19/): Endite I with 6 bristles;

endite II with about 3 bristles, I of these small,

slender; endite III with about 5 bristles. Basale with

1 slender bristle near exopodite. Exopodite with 2

bristles, 1 of these about half length of other.

Endopodite with pectinate «- and ^-bristles, 2 abristles, 1 c-bristle, and usual 5 end bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 19/): Single endite with 1

short bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous

bristles, 2nd joint with 3 spinous bristles; joints 3-5

fused, with total of 5 or 6 spinous bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 20a): Single endite with 2 or 3

short bristles; end joint with 13 or 14 spinous

bristles separated by short space from 2 stout, hirsute, posterior bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 206): Each limb with 6

bristles in distal group (3 on each side) and 2 in

proximal group (1 on each side), each bristle with

3-5 bells, on some bristles 2nd bell much longer

than 3rd (counting from proximal end); terminus

with opposing combs, each with about 8 teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 5 slender claws followed

by 3-5 stout spines (Figure 20c); claw 1 fused to

lamella, remaining claws separated from lamella

by suture; long hairs present following claws and at

base of claw 1; anterior margin of lamella with

faint spines; posterior margins of claws with some

teeth longer and stouter than others. Furca of

USNM 156619a aberrant in having 4 claws on left

lamella and 3 on right (Figure 20A).

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 20 d,g): 1-jointed

with rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye bare, without pigment (Figure

20d,h); no lateral eyes.

Brushlike Organ and Genitalia (Figure 20e):

Brushlike organ consisting of about 6 minute
NUMBER 250 27

FIGURE 20.—Sarsiella africana, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 139847: a, 6th limb;

b, distal part of 7th limb; c, right furcal lamella and right genital organ; d, medial eye and

rod-shaped organ; e, part of left side of body showing Y-sclerite, brushlike organ, and genital

organ; /, upper lip (anterior to right). Holotype, adult female, "Grigore Antipa" 295, length

1.67 mm: g, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, lateral view; h, anterior of body showing medial

eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip. Adult female, USNM 156611, length

1.55 mm: i, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; ;, endopodite of right 2nd antenna,

medial view. Paratype, adult female, USNM 156619a, length 1.72 mm: k, aberrant right lamella

of furca.

ringed bristles dorsal to oval sderotized ring of

genitalia.

Upper Lip (Figure 20/,/J): Consisting of helmetshaped lobe with 2 anterior processes.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 20e): Normal for family.

Eggs: USNM 156611 and USNM 156619a each

with 4 eggs in marsupium and also large unextruded

eggs; holotype and USNM 156619c each with 5

eggs in marsupium.

Parasites: USNM 156611 with female choniostomatid copepod in marsupium. Also, one of the

ovigerous females assigned USNM 156619 contained

female choniostomatid in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 21, 22).—

Carapace elongate with prominent rostrum and

caudal process.

Ornamentation (Figure 21): A lateral rib extending from rostrum, where it forms knob projecting
FIGURE 21.—Sarsiella africana, new species, allotype, adult

male, USNM 153927, length 1.39 mm.

anteriorly past edge of valve, to posterodorsal part

of valve where it forms 2 processes, each with 1

long bristle; a second lower rib extending from

rostrum across middle of valve to point near posterior margin where it terminates in low process

with 1 long bristle; a low riblet extends from the

latter process onto caudal process; a third shorter

rib present near ventral margin; surface of valves

with low fossae; abundant short spines present

between fossae and on ribs; long bristles present

along anterior and ventral margins and sparsely

distributed on valve surface; gelatinous substance

forming coating between surface spines.

Infold and Selvage: Not examined in detail.

Size (Figure 10): USNM 153927, length including

caudal process 1.39 mm, height 0.92 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 22a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: few short spines near ventral and dorsal

margins and 1 dorsal bristle. 3rd joint: not separated from 4th by suture; with 2 bristles (1 dorsal,

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1 ventral). 4th joint: 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal).

5th joint: small; sensory bristle with numerous

filaments emerging from cuplike base, and stem

with 4 distal marginal filaments. 6th joint: medial

bristle short. 7th joint: a-bristle bare, slightly longer

than combined length of joints 5-8; b-bristle bare,

slightly longer than a-bristle; c-bristle slightly

longer than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 short

filaments excluding tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles

bare, slightly shorter than sensory bristle, with

blunt tips; f-bristle slightly shorter than sensory

bristle with 4 marginal filaments; g-bristle slightly

longer than sensory bristle, with 4 marginal filaments.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short, anterior, proximal bristles

and 3 terminal bristles on low protuberance (Figure

22b). Exopodite: 1st joint with short recurved

medial bristle on terminal margin; bristle of 2nd

joint long, with 7-11 long proximal hairs on dorsal

margin followed by 13-18 short slender spines on

ventral margin and, then, natatory hairs on both

margins; bristles of joints 3 and 4 with natatory

hairs and with or without few spines; bristles of

joints 5-8 with natatory hairs but without spines;

9th joint with 2 bristles with natatory hairs (1 long;

1 short, dorsal); joints 2-7 with short spines forming row along distal margin, no basal spines.

Mandible (Figure 22c): Coxale endite consisting

of weak spine; ventral margin of coxale bare.

Basale: ventral margin with 2 short bristles near

middle; medial surface with 4 bristles near ventral

margin; dorsal margin with 2 subterminal bristles.

Exopodite hirsute, with base on lateral side of

basale and distal part on medial side of 1st endopodite joint. Endopodite: 1st joint hirsute on dorsal

half of medial side and with 2 terminal ventral

bristles (1 long, 1 minute); 2nd joint with spines

forming rows on medial surface and 2 bristles (1

dorsal near middle, and 1 ventral, terminal); 3rd

joint short, with stout terminal claw and 3 short

bristles (1 dorsal, 2 ventral) near base of claw.

Maxilla (Figure 22rf): Limb reduced and with

weak bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 22e): Epipodial appendage

with 37 bristles. Exopodite with weakly developed

bristles: 1st joint with 2 bristles; joints 2-5 fused,

hirsute, with total of 8 bristles.
NUMBER 250 29

g

a, leu ist antenna, lateral view; u, aisiai pan 01 proiopooue ana enaopoaite 01 leit xmi anienna,

medial view; c, right mandible, medial view; d, maxilla; e, distal end of 5th limb; /, 6th limb;

g, left 7th limb; h', left lateral eye, medial eye and proximal end of rod-shaped organ; i, another

view of left lateral eye (anterior to left), showing slightly different appearance of ommatidia than

shown in h; j , right lateral eye (anterior to right).
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Sixth Limb (Figure 22/): Single endite with 3

short bristles; end joint with 16 spinous and hirsute

brisdes.

Seventh Limb (Figure 22e): Limb represented bv

minute stump.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 22h): Broken oil

USNM 153927.

Eyes: Medial eye bare with light yellow pigment

(Figure 22h); lateral eyes about same size as medial

eye, each with 5 light yellow ommatidia but without black pigment (Figure 22i,j).

Copulatory Organ: Typical for genus.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALE (Figure 23).—

Carapace oval in lateral view with elongate posterovenlral caudal process.

Ornamentation (Figure 23): Carapace with spinous nodes in general resembling those of an adult

female but forming part of ribs; surface with abundant shallow fossae and short spines; gelatinous

substance forming film between spines.

Size: USNM 156612, length with caudal process

1.44 mm, length without caudal process 1.30 mm,

height 1.09 mm.

Second Antenna: Endopodite similar to that of

adult male. Remainder of appendage not examined

in detail but, in general, similar to that of adult

female.

First Antenna, Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb, 6th

Limb, Furca, Medial Eye, and Rod-shaped Organ:

Not examined in detail but, in general, similar to

those of adult female.

FIGURE 23.—Sarsiella africana, new species, paratype, juvenile

male, USNM 156612, length 1.44 mm.

Seventh Limb: Small, similar to that of adult

male.

Lateral Eyes: Similar to those of adult male but

with ommatidia not as distinct.

Sarsiella ocula, new species

FIGURES 24-26; PLATES 12-16

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156624, ovigerous female in

alcohol and on slides.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X048.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species name from the Latin

oculus (eye) in reference to the presence of lateral

eyes on this species.

ALLOTYPE.—USNM 157115, adult male from

same sample as holotype.

PARATYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 465, juvenile female in alcohol, from same station as holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 24, 25;

Plates 12-16).—Carapace oval in lateral view without incisur and with short caudal process.

Ornamentation: Carapace with about 23 spinous

processes (Plates 12, 13a-c, 14a-c); 6 of these on

low spinous horizontal rib above valve middle;

a second low spinous horizontal rib below valve

middle with 7 spinous processes; 2 spinous nodes

present between anterior ends of horizontal ribs,

and 1 spinous node present between posterior ends

of horizontal ribs; 3 spinous processes forming row

ventral to anterior end of lower horizontal rib;

4 spinous processes present just within posterior

valve margin; 2 of these longer than others; shallow

fossae abundant (Plates 12a, 13d,e); long bristles

with broad base present along anterodorsal, anterior, and ventral valve margins and sparsely distributed on lateral surface of valve near margins

(Plates 12a, 136, 15a-c), some associated with spinous processes; short papillate spines abundant

(Plates \M,e 14, 15); gelatinous substance filling

space between spines.

Infold: Infold of caudal process with 9 short

bristles, 1 of these close to inner margin (Plates

16a,6,/); an additional minute bristle near inner

margin just anterior to caudal process, 2 setose

bristles present on posterior infold dorsal to caudal

process (Plates \§c-e); 1 minute bristle near middle

of anterior infold.

Selvage (Plate 16a,b): Wide lamellar prolonga-
NUMBER 250 31

FIGURE 24.—Sarsiella ocula, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 156624, length 1.98 mm:

a, posterior of left valve, inside view; b, right 1st antenna, medial view; c, endopodite of right

2nd antenna, medial view (anterior down); d, left mandible, medial view; e, left maxilla, lateral

view; /, exopodite of 5th limb.
32

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 25.—Sarsiella ocula, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 156624: a, 6th limb; b,

distal part of 7th limb; c, detail of distal end of bristle on 7th limb; d, left lamella of furca; e,

left lateral eye; /, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; g, upper lip (anterior to right).

tion with smooth outer margin present along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins.

Central Adductor Muscle Scars: Consisting of

about 8 individual scars.

Size (Figure 10): USNM 156624, length 1.98 mm,

height including caudal process 1.98 mm, height

without caudal process 1.73 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 24b): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 1 spinous dorsal bristle. 3rd joint: fused to

4th, with 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). 4th joint:

3 bristles (1 dorsal, 2 ventral). 5th joint: sensory

bristle with 2 minute nodes on dorsal margin but

without filaments; 6th joint: medial bristle short,

spinous. 7th joint: a-bristle with marginal spines;

b-bristle about one-fourth longer than a-bristle,

bare; c-bristle same length as sensory bristle of 5th

joint, with 2 short proximal filaments. 8th joint: dand e-bristles slightly shorter than c-bristle, bare

with blunt tips; f- and g-bristles slightly longer

than d- and e-bristles, f-bristle with 1 short proximal filament, g-bristle bare; a minute spine at tip

of sensory bristle, c-, f-, and g-bristles.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short, proximal, anterior bristles

and 2 terminal bristles (1 short, 1 long) (Figure

24c). Exopodite: 1st joint with short, recurved,

medial spine on distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint

long, with natatory hairs; bristles of joints 2-8 with

natatory hairs; 9th joint with 2 bristles (1 long with

natatory hairs, 1 short with short marginal spines,

or with natatory hairs).

Mandible (Figure 24d): Coxale endite consisting

of short, stout spine. Basale: medial surface with 1

proximal and 1 distal bristle near ventral margin;

ventral margin with 2 proximal bristles; lateral side

with 2 distal bristles near ventral margin; dorsal

margin with 2 short spinelike bristles (1 terminal,

1 distal to middle). Exopodite absent. Endopodite:

1st joint with distal lateral spines; dorsal margin

with few terminal spines; ventral margin with

terminal claw with short spines forming row proximally on dorsal margin; 2nd joint with few short

lateral spines; dorsal margin with spinelike subterminal bristle; ventral margin with bare terminal
NUMBER 250 33

claw; claw of 3rd joint bare, with 1 dorsal and 2

ventral, short, spinelike bristles near base.

Maxilla (Figure 24e): Coxale with fringe of long

hairs and short dorsal bristle. Endite I with 6

bristles. Endite II with 4 bristles. Endite III with

5 bristles. Basale with 1 slender bristle near base of

exopodite. Exopodite with 2 bristles (1 short bare,

1 long spinous). Endopodite: 1st joint with stout

pectinate «- and /?-bristles; 2nd joint with 2 short

a-bristles, 1 short c-bristle, and 5 stout end bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 24/): Epipodial appendage

with 35 bristles. Single endite with 1 short bristle.

Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 bristles; joints 2-5

fused, hirsute, with total of 8-9 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 25a): single endite with 3

bristles; end joint with 14-15 spinous ventral

bristles in addition to 2 stout, hirsute posterior

bristles; medial surface near posterior margin with

abundant long hairs.

Seventh Limb (Figure 25b,c): Each limb with 8

bristles (2 in proximal group, 1 on each side, and

6 in terminal group, 3 on each side); each bristle

with 3-6 or 7 bells decreasing in size distally;

bristles without marginal spines; terminus with

opposing combs, each with about 6 teeth.

Furca (Figure 25d): Each lamella with 5 claws:

claw 1 fused to lamella; claws 2-4 separated from

lamella by suture; claws 1 and 2 with few large and

many small teeth; remaining claws with small teeth.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 25/): Broadening distally, with rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye small with 4 ommatidia (Figure

25e); medial eye lightly pigmented, bare, almost

twice diameter of lateral eye (Figure 25/).

Upper Lip (Figure 25g): With 2 rounded lateral

lobes projecting anteriorly.

Eggs: USNM 156624 with 12 eggs in marsupium

and smaller unextruded eggs.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figure 26a,b).—

Carapace shape and ornamentation similar to that

of S. dornellasae (see Figure 29).

Size (Figure 10): USNM 157115, length 1.61 mm,

height 1.13 mm.

First Antenna: 1st joint: bare. 2nd joint: lateral

spines forming rows, and 1 dorsal bristle distal to

middle of margin (bristle with short marginal

spines). 3rd and 4th joints: fused; 3rd joint with

dorsal bristle reaching bristle of 4th joint, and 1

minute ventral bristle; 4th joint with 1 dorsal and

FIGURE 26.—Sarsiella ocvla, new species, allotype, adult male,

USNM 157115, length 1.61 mm: a, right lateral eye, medial

eye, and rod-shaped organ; b, right 7th limb. Paratype,

juvenile female (A-2? instar), "Grigore Antipa" 465, length

1.26 mm: c, outline of right valve; d, endopodite of left 2nd

antenna, medial view; e, left lateral eye, medial eye, and rodshaped organ.

2 ventral bristles. 5th joint: small, sensory bristle

with cuplike proximal part with abundant filaments, and stem with 3 short marginal filaments

and 2 spines at tip. 6th joint: medial bristle short.

7th joint: a-bristle longer than combined length

of joints 6-8; b-bristle bare, about one-third longer

than a-bristle; c-bristle reaching just past sensory

bristle of 5th joint, with 5 marginal filaments and

2 spines at tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare,

with blunt tips, slightly shorter than c-bristle; fbristle slightly shorter than c-bristle, with 3 marginal filaments and 2 spines at tip; g-bristle slightly

shorter than c-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments and

2 spines at tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short proximal anterior bristles

and 3 terminal bristles on low mound (endopodite

similar to that of illustrated left limb of S. dornellasae, see Figure 30rf). Exopodite: 1st joint with

short terminal medial spine; bristle of 2nd joint

with proximal natatory hairs on ventral and dorsal

margins followed by 11 slender ventral spines, and

then, natatory hairs on both margins; bristle of

3rd joint similar to that of 2nd except with only 4

slender ventral spines: bristles of joints 4-8 with

natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 1 long and

1 short (dorsal) bristle with natatory hairs; joints
34

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

without basal spines, but with short spines forming

row along distal margin on lateral side.

Mandible: Similar to that of S. dornellasae (see

Figure 30e).

Maxilla: Reduced, similar to that of S. dornellasae (see Figure 30/).

Fifth Limb: Similar to that of S. dornellasae (see

Figure 30 g).

Sixth Limb: Single endite with 3 short bristles;

end joint with 16 hirsute and spinous bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 266): Consisting of small

stump.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female except

with fewer teeth on distal two-thirds of each claw.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 26a): Elongate, with

3 proximal segments, broadening in distal half, and

with rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye with about 7 ommatidia and

with light amber coloration between ommatidia

(coloration similar to that of ommatidia) (Figure

26a); medial eye with light amber pigmentation,

about same size as lateral eye (Figure 26a).

Copulatory Organ: Similar to that of 5. dornellasae (see Figure 31e).

Y-Sclerite: Typical for family.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE FEMALE (A-2? instar)

(Figure 26c—e).—Carapace oval in lateral view

without incisur, with caudal process and truncate

posterior (Figure 26c).

Ornamentation: Similar to that of adult female.

Size: "Grigore Antipa" 465, length 1.37 mm,

height including caudal process 1.26 mm, height

excluding caudal process 1.21 mm.

Second Antenna (Figure 26d): Endopodite similar to that of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Each limb with 6 strongly tapering bristles (juvenile feature), 2 in proximal group,

1 on each side, and 4 in terminal group, 2 on each

side, each bristle with 2 or 3 bells; terminus with

opposing combs with few teeth.

Remaining Appendages: Similar to those of adult

female, but not examined in detail.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 26e): Similar to that

of adult female.

Eyes: (Figure 26e): Lateral eye small with 4

ommatidia, with light amber pigment between

ommatidia; medial eye with light amber pigment,

bare, diameter greater than that of lateral eye.

COMPARISONS.—The female of the new species

Sarsiella ocula differs from that of S. africana

in having lateral eyes. Posterior processes on both

sexes of S. ocula are longer than those of S. africana. The lateral process on the rostrum of the

male S. ocula is longer and narrower than that on

the male of S. africana. The caudal process of S.

ocula is usually shorter than that of S. africana,

but not always. On the female 7th limb of S. ocula,

the bells decrease gradually in size distally along the

bristle. On the other hand, some of the long bristles

on the female 7th limb of S. africana have disproportionately large proximal bells.

Sarsiella dornellasae, new species

FIGURES 27-31

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 156654, ovigerous female on

slides and in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X068.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Lilia

Pinto de Ornellas, Porto-Alegre, Brazil.

ALLOTYPE.—[USNM 156653], adult male from

same sample as holotype.

PARATYPES.—"Grigore Antipa" 468, 1 ovigerous

female from station X068; USNM 157116, 3 ovigerous females and 2 juveniles from station X068;

FIGURE 27.—Sarsiella dornellasae, new species, holotype, adult

female, USNM 156654, length 1.43 mm.
NUMBER 250 35

FIGURE 28.—Sarsiella dornellasae, new species, paratype, adult

female, USNM 156685, length 1.37 mm: a, endopodite of left

2nd antenna, medial view; b, left lateral eye. Holotype, adult

female, USNM 156654, length 1.43 mm: c, right lateral eye,

medial eye, and rod-shaped organ.

USNM 156685, 1 adult female with male and female choniostomatid copepods in marsupium, from

station X052; USNM 157117, 1 ovigerous female

and 3 juveniles from station X041.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 27, 28).—

Carapace shape and ornamentation (Figure 27)

similar to that of adult female S. ocula.

Infold: Infold of caudal process with 5—7 bristles,

1 of these close to inner margin; 1 minute bristle

on inner margin of infold just anterior to caudal

process; 2 setose bristles on posterior infold dorsal

to caudal process; 1 small bristle near middle of

anterior infold.

Size (Figure 10): USNM 156654, length 1.43 mm,

height with caudal process 1.48 mm, height without

caudal process 1.21 mm; USNM 156685, length

1.37 mm, height with caudal process 1.47 mm,

height without caudal process 1.19 mm; USNM

157117, length 1.52 mm, height with caudal process

1.42 mm, height without caudal process 1.19 mm;

USNM 157116a, length 1.41 mm, height with caudal process 1.41 mm, height without caudal process

1.14 mm; USNM 157116b (carapace distorted) approximate length 1.34 mm, approximate height

with caudal process 1.42 mm, approximate height

without caudal process 1.32 mm (not included in

Figure 10); USNM 157116c, length 1.35 mm, height

with caudal process 1.42 mm, height without caudal

process 1.15 mm; USNM 157116d, length 1.43 mm,

height with caudal process 1.41 mm, height without

caudal process 1.14 mm.

First Antenna: Similar to that of S. ocula (see

Figure 24 b).

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short proximal, anterior bristles,

and 1 spinous terminal bristle (Figure 28a) (bristle

about same length as longer of 2 terminal bristles

on endopodite of S. ocula, see Figure 2Ac). Exopodite similar to that of adult female S. ocula.

Mandible: Coxale endite consisting of short

stout spine; lateral side of coxale with long hairs

forming 2 rows near ventral margin. Basale: similar to that of adult female S. ocula (see Figure 24d).

Endopodite: similar to that of adult female S.

ocula except minute medial spine observed near

base of ventral claw of 1st joint.

Maxilla: Bare bristle of exopodite slightly longer

than that of adult female S. ocula, otherwise limb

similar to that of S. ocula (see Figure 24e).

Fifth Limb: Epipodial bristles not counted. Limb

similar to that of adult S. ocula except exopodial

joints 2-5 with total of 7 bristles.

Sixth Limb: Single endite with 2 or 3 short

bristles; end joint with 11-13 spinous ventral

bristles in addition to 2 stout, hirsute bristles;

medial surface near posterior margin with abundant long hairs. In general, similar to 6th limb of

adult female S. ocula (see Figure 25a).

Seventh Limb: Limb similar to that of adult

female S. ocula (see Figure 25&,c).

Furca: Similar to that of adult female S. ocula

(see Figure 25d).

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 28c): Elongate, broadening very slightly distally, with rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye small with 4 ommatidia; pigFIGURE 29.—Sarsiella dornellasae, new species, allotype, adult

male, USNM 156653, length 1.22 mm.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 30.—Sarsiella dornellasae, new species, allotype, adult male, USNM 156653, length 1.22

mm: a, shallow fossae and hairs near middle of left valve, outside view; b, right 1st antenna,

lateral view; c, d, endopodites of right and left 2nd antennae, medial view; e, left mandible,

medial view; /, maxilla; g, distal end of 5th limb.

ment between ommatidia brown (Figure 28b,c).

Medial eye bare, about twice size of lateral eye,

with brown pigment (Figure 28c).

Upper Lip: Helmet shaped.

Genitalia: Consisting of oval sclerotized ring on

each side of body anterior to furca.

Eggs: USNM 156654 with 6 eggs in marsupium;

USNM 157116a, 10 eggs in marsupium; USNM

157117, 7 eggs in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 29-31).—

Carapace with prominent rostrum and caudal

process (Figure 29).

Ornamentation (Figures 29, 30a): Lateral rib

near dorsal margin extending from tip of rostrum,
NUMBER 250 37

where it projects anteriorly past anterior edge of

valve, to posterodorsal part of valve, where it

terminates in 2 spinous processes, each with single

long bristle; a second lateral rib present just below

valve middle, extending from rostrum to near

posterior end of shell, and with 3 or 4 spinous

processes; a third shorter rib with 3 spinous processes present near ventral margin; lateral side of

caudal process with spinous process near middle;

surface of valves with shallow fossae (Figure 30a);

short spines abundant between fossae and on lateral

ribs and processes; long bristles present along anterior and ventral margins and sparsely distributed

on valve surface.

Size (Figure 10): USNM 156653, length 1.22 mm,

height 0.82 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 306): 1st joint: few spines

on lateral surface. 2nd joint: few spines near dorsal

margin and 1 dorsal subterminal bristle. 3rd and

4th joints: fused; 3rd joint with long dorsal and

minute ventral bristle; 4th joint with 3 bristles (1

dorsal, 2 ventral). 5th joint: small, sensory bristle

with cuplike proximal part with abundant filaments and stem with 3 or 4 marginal filaments. 6th

joint: medial bristle short. 7th joint: a-bristle

longer than combined length of joints 6-8; bbristle bare, about one-third longer than a-bristle;

c-bristle reaching past tip of sensory bristle of 5th

joint, with 4 marginal filaments. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare, with blunt tips, slightly shorter

than c-bristle; f-bristle slightly shorter than c-bristle,

with 3 or 4 marginal filaments; g-bristle about same

length as c-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments;

minute spine at tip of sensory bristle, c-, f-, and gbristles.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short proximal anterior bristles

and 3 or 4 terminal bristles on low mound (1 of

these longer than others) (Figure %0c,d). Exopodite: 1st joint with short terminal medial spine;

bristle of 2nd joint with proximal natatory hairs

on ventral and dorsal, margins followed by 4—7

slender ventral spines and, then, natatory hairs on

both margins; bristles of joints 3-8 with natatory

hairs but without spines; 9th joint with 1 long and

1 short (dorsal) bristle with natatory hairs; joints

without basal spines.

Mandible (Figure 30e): Coxale endite represented

by ringed spine; ventral margin of coxale bare.

Basale: ventral margin with 2 short midbristles;

medial side with 4 bristles near ventral margin;

dorsal margin with 2 bristles. Exopodite hirsute

with base on lateral side of basale and distal part

on medial side of 1st endopodite joint. Endopodite:

1st joint with abundant hairs on dorsal half of

medial side and 1 long terminal ventral bristle

with minute bristle near its base; 2nd joint with

spines forming rows on medial surface, 1 ventral

terminal bristle, and 1 dorsal midbristle; 3rd joint

short, with stout terminal claw and 3 bristles near

base of claw (2 ventral, 1 dorsal).

Maxilla (Figure 30/): Limb reduced, with weakly

developed bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 30g): Single endite with 1

short bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 bristles;

remaining joints fused, with total of 8 bristles;

limb weakly developed.

Sixth Limb (Figure 31a): Single endite with

3 short bristles; end joint with 13 hirsute and

spinous bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 31&): Consisting of minute

stump.

FIGURE 31.—Sarsiella dornellasae, new species, allotype, adult

male, USNM 156653: a, 6th limb; b, right 7th limb; c,

medial eye and rod-shaped organ; rf, lateral eye (magnification about 5 times that of medial eye in c); e, copulatory

limb; /, left Y-sclerite (anterior to left).
38

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 31c): Similar to that

of adult female.

Eyes: Lateral eye with about 9 ommatidia and

with dark brown pigment between ommatidia

(Figure 31d); medial eye pigmented, bare, about

same size as lateral eye (Figure 31c).

Copulatory Organ (Figure 31e): Typical for

genus.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 31/): Typical for family.

COMPARISONS.—The carapace of Sarsiella dornellasae is very similar in shape and ornamentation to

that of S. ocula but is smaller (Figure 10). Each

endopodite of the 2nd antennae of me adult and

juvenile female of S. ocula in the collection has 2

terminal bristles, whereas, females of S. dornellasae examined (4 adults and 1 juvenile) have only

1 terminal bristle. The pigment between the ommatidia in the lateral eyes of all 3 specimens of

S. ocula in the collection (1 adult female, 1 juvenile

female, 1 adult male) is light amber, about the

same color as the ommatidia. The pigment is brown

in lateral eyes of S. dornellasae.

Sarsiella gomoiui, new species

FIGURES 32-38; PLATES 17-24

HOLOTYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 464, adult female

in alcohol, length 1.35 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X048.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr.

Marian Trouian Gomoiu, Romanian Institute of

Marine Research, Constanta, Romania.

ALLOTYPE.—USNM 156651, adult male from station X048.

PARATYPES.—From station X048: USNM 156687,

I ovigerous female; USNM 156649, 1 ovigerous female; USNM 156993, 1 adult male, 2 ovigerous

females, 2 adult females with choniostomatid egg

sacs (valves not opened), and 7 juveniles; [USNM

156652], 1 adult male.

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL.—USNM 156994, adult

female with caudal process missing, from station

X070.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 32-35;

Plates 17-20).—Carapace oval in lateral view with

prominent caudal process but without rostrum or

incisur (Figure 32).

FIOURF. 32-—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult

female, USNM 156649, length 1.39 mm.

Ornamentation (Figure 32; Plates 17-20): Each

valve with flat central area with peripheral ridge

(Plates 17, 18); an additional ridge lying within

and parallel to anterior and ventral parts of peripheral ridge with low processes; posterodorsal and posterior processes more prominent than other processes; surface with abundant shallow fossae and

minute spines between fossae (Plates 17, 18, I9a-d,

/); SEM micrographs reveal marginal pustules on

spines (Plate 20a,c-f); long bristles present along

anterior and ventral margins and scattered over

valve surfaces (Plates 17, 18, 19a,d,/, 20b); surface

covered by gelatinous substance.

Infold: Anterior infold with single minute bristle

ventral to middle of anterior margin; infold of

caudal process with 5 or 6 bristles near middle

(forming row or scattered) and 1 additional bristle

closer to inner margin (Figure 33); ventral infold

just anterior to caudal process with few minute

bristles along inner margin; 2 setose bristles present

dorsal to caudal process (Figure 33).

Selvage (Plate 19d,e): Anterior selvage with

smooth margin.

Size (Figure 10): USNM 156649, length 1.39 mm,

height including caudal process 1.23 mm, height

excluding caudal process 1.18 mm. USNM 156687,

length 1.33 mm, height including caudal process

1.32 mm, height excluding caudal process 1.17 mm.

USNM 156993, 2 ovigerous females: length 1.38
NUMBER 250 39

FIGURE 33.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult

female, USNM 156687, length 1.33 mm: posterior of right

valve, inside view.

mm, height including caudal process 1.27 mm;

length 1.36 mm, height including caudal process

1.21 mm. Holotype, "Grigore Antipa" 464, length

1.35 mm, height including caudal process 1.27 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 34a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: spinous dorsal bristle and few spines along

dorsal and ventral margins. 3rd joint: short, fused

to 4th, with 2 spinous bristles (1 dorsal, 1 ventral).

4th joint: elongate, with 3 bristles (1 dorsal, 2

ventral). 5th joint: sensory bristle with 2 minute

filaments (1 proximal, 1 subterminal). 6th joint:

medial bristle short with base near dorsal margin.

7th joint: a-bristle spinous; b-bristle slightly longer

than a-bristle, bare; c-bristle same length as sensory

bristle of 5th joint, with 3 minute marginal filaments (2 proximal, 1 subterminal). 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare, slightly shorter than c-bristle; f- and

g-bristles same length as d- and e-bristles; f-bristle

with 2 minute filaments (1 proximal, 1 subterminal); g-bristle with 3 minute marginal filaments

(2 proximal, 1 subterminal); minute spine at tip

of sensory, c-, f-, and g-bristles.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 2 short, proximal, anterior bristles

and 1 spinous terminal bristle (Figure 34b). Exopodite: 1st joint with minute, recurved, medial bristle

on distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint reaching

past 9th joint, with 13 slender ventral spines

proximal to middle and natatory hairs distally;

bristles of joints 2-8 with natatory hairs and without ventral spines; 9th joint small, with 1 long

bristle with natatory hairs and 1 short bare bristle;

joints 2-8 with short spines forming distal row

along lateral margin; no basal spines.

Mandible (Figure 34c): Coxale endite consisting

of sharp spine; ventral margin of coxale with long

hairs. Basale: medial surface near ventral margin

with 2 short bristles (1 proximal, 1 near middle);

ventral margin with 2 short proximal bristles;

lateral side with 2 short bristles near middle; dorsal

margin with 2 minute subterminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with medial spines forming pattern

distal to middle; a single row of distal spines

present on dorsal corner extending from medial

side onto dorsal margin (unclear as to whether

dorsal spines are stouter than medial spines or

whether one of the dorsal spines should be considered to be a minute bristle); main claw of 1st

joint with minute proximal spines along dorsal

margin; 2nd joint with short, subterminal, dorsal

bristle and smooth main claw; 3rd joint with 2

small bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal, at base of smooth

main claw. No exopodite.

Maxilla (Figure 34d): Coxale with short dorsal

bristle. 3 endites present. Exopodite with 2 bristles.

Endopodite: 1st joint with pectinate «- and /?-

bristles; 2nd joint with 2 short a-bristles, 1 short

c-bristle and 5 pectinate end bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 34e): Epipodial appendage

with 33 bristles. Single endite with 1 short bristle.

Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous bristles; fused

joints 2-5 hirsute, with total of 8 or 9 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 35«): Single endite with 2 or

3 bristles; end joint with 12 spinous bristles plus 2

hirsute posterior bristles; limb hirsute along posterior margin.

Seventh Limb (Figure 356): 2 bristles in proximal

group (1 on each side), 6 bristles in terminal group

(3 on each side), each bristle with 3-6 bells and

without marginal spines, bells decrease in size

gradually towards tip of bristle; terminus with

opposing combs, each with 5 or 6 recurved teeth.

Furca (Figure 35c): Each lamella with 5 slender

claws; claw 1 united to lamella; claws 2-5 separated

from lamella by suture; teeth present along posterior margins of claws; several spines present on

margin of lamella following claws.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 35rf): Elongate, 1-

jointed with rounded tip.
40

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 34.—Sarsiella gomiui, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 156649, length 1.39

mm: a, left 1st antenna, medial view; b, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; c, right

mandible, medial view; d, left maxilla, medial view; e, distal end of 5th limb.

Eyes: Lateral eye with 4 ommatidia (Figure 35e);

medial eye slightly larger than lateral eye, bare,

pigmented (Figure 35d).

Upper Lip (Figure 35d): Helmet shaped.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 35f): Typical for family.

Eggs: USNM 156649 with 7 eggs in marsupium

plus smaller unextruded eggs; USNM 156687 with

6 eggs in marsupium.

Parasites: 2 adult females (USNM 156993) with

choniostomatid egg sacs visible through ostracode

shell.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 36-38;

Plates 21-24).—Carapace elongate with prominent

rostrum and truncate posterior (Figure 36).

Ornamentation (Figures 36, 37«; Plates 21, 22a-e,

23c-e): Upper ridge extending from anterior of
NUMBER 250 41

FIGURE 35.—Sarsiella gornoiui, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 156649: a, 6th limb;

b, distal end of 7th limb; c, left lamella of furca and left genital organ; d, anterior of body

showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip; e, left lateral eye; /,

left Y-sclerite (anterior to left).

face with shallow fossae (Figures 36, 37a; Plates

21, 22a,b); area between fossae with abundant

spines (Plate 21, 22a,b,e); surface of spines papillate (Plates 22c,d, 23c-e).

Infold: Anteroventral infold with minute bristle

about half way between ventral margin of valve

and ventral margin of rostrum; caudal process with

3 or 4 bristles near middle and 1 bristle closer to

inner margin of infold (Figure 37b; Plates 22/, 23&,

/); 2 setose bristles present on posterior infold.

Central Adductor Muscles (Plate 24): Consisting

of about 10 ovoid individual muscles.

Size (Figure 10): USNM 156651, length 1.31 mm,

height 0.84 mm; USNM 156652, length 1.32 mm,

height 0.87 mm; USNM 156993, length 1.28 mm,

height 0.86 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 37c): 1st joint: few minute,

faint spines forming row on lateral and medial surfaces near dorsal margin. 2nd joint: faint spines

forming rows on lateral and medial surfaces and 1

subterminal dorsal bristle. 3rd and 4th joints: fused;

3rd joint with 1 dorsal bristle and short ventral

bristle; 4th joint with 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal).

FIGURE 36.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, allotype, adult

male, USNM 156651, length 1.31 mm.

rostrum to posterior part of valve and there terminating in 2 elongate processes (Plate 21); lower

ridge extending from anteroventral tip of rostrum

to posterior part of valve and there connecting with

upper ridge at base of posterior process; a second

idge lying between central muscle attachment area

md lower ridge and intersecting it anteriorly near

ostrum and posteriorly near caudal process. Sur-
42

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 37.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, allotype, adult male, USNM 156651, length 1.33 mm:

a, shallow fossae and spines near middle of right valve, outside view. Paratype, adult male,

USNM 156652, length 1.32 mm: b, caudal process of left valve, inside view; c, left 1st antenna,

lateral view; d, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; e, left mandible, medial view;

/, maxilla; g, distal end of 5th limb.
NUMBER 250 43

5th joint: minute, sensory bristle with cuplike basal

part with numerous filaments, and stem with 4

marginal filaments and 2 minute spines at tip. 6th

joint: short medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle bare,

longer than joints 5-8 combined; b-bristle slender,

bare, about one-third longer than a-bristle; c-bristle

reaching past tip of sensory bristle of 5th joint, with

5 marginal filaments and 2 minute spines at tip.

8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare with blunt tips not

reaching tip of sensory bristle; f-bristle slightly

longer than d-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments

and 2 minute spines at tip; g-bristle reaching just

past tip of sensory bristle, with 4 marginal filaments

and 2 minute spines at tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

2-jointed: 1st joint with 2 small anterior, proximal

bristles; 2nd joint small with 3 bristles (Figure

37d). Exopodite: 1st joint with minute, recurved,

medial spine on distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint

with few natatory hairs proximally on ventral

margin followed by 8-10 slender ventral spines

and, then, natatory hairs on both margins; bristle

of joint 3 with no or 4 spines and natatory hairs;

bristles of joints 4—8 with natatory hairs but no

spines; 9th joint with 2 bristles with natatory hairs

(dorsal of these short).

Mandible (Figure $7e): Coxale endite represented

by slender spine with faint annulae; ventral margin

of coxale without hairs or spines. Basale: medial

side with 4 bristles (1 near middle, 3 proximal) all

near ventral margin; ventral margin with 2 bristles

near middle; dorsal margin with 2 bristles. Exopodite hirsute, with base on lateral side of basale and

distal part medial to 1st endopodite joint. Endopodite: medial side of 1st joint with long hairs near

dorsal margin and shorter hairs and spines elsewhere; ventral margin with 2 terminal bristles (1

of these minute); 2nd joint with medial spines, 1

dorsal midbristle, and 1 ventral terminal bristle;

3rd joint with stout terminal claw and 3 bristles

(2 ventral and 1 dorsal to base of claw).

Maxilla (Figure 37/): Precoxale and coxale with

fringe of hairs dorsally; coxale with 1 dorsal bristle.

3 endites with weak bristles present. Exopodite

with 2 bristles. Bristles of basale and endopodite

weak, indistinct. Limb reduced.

Fifth Limb (Figure 37g): Single endite with 1

short bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous

bristles; joints 2-5 fused, hirsute, with total of 8

bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 38a): Single endite with 2

short and 1 longer bristle. End joint with 13 ventral

bristles and 2 hirsute posterior bristles (ventral

bristles consisting of 6 medial bristles with long

proximal and short distal spines, and 7 lateral

bristles with long marginal hairs).

Seventh Limb (Figure 38&): Consisting of short

stump.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 38c): Elongate with

rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye with 4 ommatidia (Figure 38c,

d); medial eye slightly larger than lateral eye, bare,

pigmented (Figure 38c).

Copulatory Organ: Similar to that of adult male

of Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, 1974 (Figure 13/,A).

COMPARISONS.—The new species Sarsiella gomoiui

is very closely related to S. neapolis and the appendages of both species are similar. The carapace

of S. gomoiui differs from that of S. neapolis in

having an additional ridge within the peripheral

ridge common to both species. The additional

ridge is sharply delimited on the 3 adult males of

S. gomoiui in the collection, and is usually easily

seen on adult females, but some early instars may

be difficult to separate from early instars of S. neapolis. The ridges on the carapace of S. gomoiui

resemble somewhat those of S. janiceae Kornicker,

FIGURE 38.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, allotype, adult

male, USNM 156651: a, 6th limb; b, left and right 7th limbs;

r, right lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; d, right

lateral eye.
44

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1976b, but the endopodite of the female 2nd antenna of that species does not have a terminal

bristle.

Sarsiella rudescui, new species

FIGURES 39-41; PLATES 25, 26

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 141558, ovigerous female on

slides and in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X054.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Professor

Doctor Ludwig Rudescu, Director of Section, Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania, member of

Academy of Sciences of Romania.

PARATYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 300, ovigerous female in alcohol from same sample as holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 38-41;

Plates 25, 26).—Carapace oval in lateral view with

elongate caudal process and without incisur; carapace swollen in posterodorsal part.

Ornamentation (Figure 39; Plates 25, 26c): Carapace with low lateral horizontal rib above valve

middle meeting in posterior part of valve a convex

rib that continues anteriorly below central muscle

scar area (Figure 39; Plate 25a,c,d); anterior ends

of linear dorsal rib and convex ventral rib almost

reaching anterior margin of valve; 3 weak riblets

extending from ventral rib towards anteroventral

margin of valve; ribs and riblets formed by short

FH.URK 39.—Sarsiella rudescui, new species, holotype, adult

female, USNM 141558, length 1.38 mm.

spines; long bristles with broad base abundant

along anterior and ventral margins of valve and

sparsely distributed over lateral surface (Plate 25a,

b); shallow fossae abundant; area outside fossae

with numerous short papillate spines (Plates 25a j ,

26c); gelatinous substance filling in space between

spines (Plate 25c,/).

Infold (Figure 40a,b; Plate 26): Minute bristle

present on anterior infold near inner margin (Figure 40b); infold of caudal process with 4 bristles

forming row anterior to single bristle (Figure 40a;

Plate 26fl,6); 2 setose bristles present on posterior

infold dorsal to caudal process (Figure 40a); 4 minute bristles present along inner margin of posteroventral infold.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation with smooth

outer margin present along anterior, ventral, and

posterior margins.

Central Adductor Muscle Scars (Plate 26d): Consisting of about 12 individual scars.

Size (Figure 10) : USNM 141558, length 1.38 mm,

height including caudal process 1.33 mm, height

excluding caudal process 1.13 mm; "Grigore Antipa" 300, length 1.32 mm, height including caudal

process 1.22 mm, height excluding caudal process

1.17 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 40c): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: 1 spinous dorsal bristle and few faint spines

on dorsal margin. 3rd joint: short, fused to 4th,

with 2 spinous bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). 4th

joint with few faint spines on ventral margin, with

3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal). 5th joint: sensory

bristle with 1 minute proximal filament. 6th joint:

short medial bristle on terminal margin. 7th joint:

a-bristle short, spinous, about length of 5th joint;

b-bristle bare, slightly longer than a-bristle; c-bristle

about same length as sensory bristle of 5th joint,

with 1 minute proximal filament. 8th joint: d- and

e-bristles bare, slightly shorter than c-bristles; fbristle bare, about same length as c-bristle; g-bristle

about same length as c-bristle, with 1 minute proximal filament; minute spine at tip of sensory, c-, f-,

and g-bristles.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

with 2 short anterior bristles and 1 longer terminal

bristle, the latter with base on small protuberance

(Figure 40d). Exopodite: 1st joint with short medial

spine on distal margin: 2nd joint almost 3 times

length of 3rd joint; bristle of 2nd joint with long
NUMBER 250 45

FIGURE 40.—Sarsiella rudescui, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 141558, length 1.38

mm: a, posterior of left valve, inside view; b, anterior segment of left valve showing minute

bristle on infold and marginal bristles; c, right 1st antenna, lateral view; d, distal part of

protopodite and endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; c, left mandible, medial view;

/, left maxilla, lateral view (not all endue bristles shown); g, distal part of 5th limb; h, left

lamella of furca.
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

proximal ventral spines and distal hairs; bristles

of joints 2-8 with natatory hairs; 9th joint wih 3

bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 1 short with

short marginal spines); joints 2-9 with lateral spines

forming row along distal margin, no basal spines

present.

Mandible (Figure 40e): Coxale: endite consisting of stout spine; ventral margin with long hairs.

Basale: 6 bristles present on or near ventral margin

(2 with bases on lateral side, 1 with base on medial

side, 3 with base on ventral margin); dorsal margin

of basale with 1 short bristle distal to middle and

1 subterminal bristle. Exopodite absent. Endopodite: 1st joint with spines on medial surface and

terminally on dorsal margin; 1 minute, faint bristle

present medially near base of main claw; 2nd joint

with dorsal subterminal bristle and main ventral

claw; 3rd joint with 3 bristles at base of main claw

(1 dorsal, 2 ventral).

Maxilla (Figure 40/): Endite I with 5 spinous

and pectinate bristles; endite II with about 6

bristles; endite III with about 4 bristles. ProtoDOdite with cluster of long hairs near anterior margin. Basale with bristle near base of exopodite.

Exopodite with 1 short and 1 long bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with pectinate and spinous a- and /?-

bristles; /3-bristle with proximal tooth on anterior

margin; 2nd joint with 2 a-bristles, 1 c-bristle, and

usual 5 pectinate terminal bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 40g): Epipodial appendage

with 33-34 bristles. Single endite with short bare

bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous bristles;

joints 2-5 hirsute, fused; 2nd joint with 3 spinous

bristles; joints 3-5 with total of 5 spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 41a): Single endite with 3

bristles; end joint with 12 bristles with short marginal spines and 2 stout, hirsute posterior bristles;

limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 41fr,c): Each limb with 2

bristles in proximal group (1 on each side) and 6 in

terminal group (3 on each side) each bristle with

3-6 bells; terminus with opposing combs with 5 to

7 teeth.

Furca (Tieure AOhV Farh lamella with 5 claws

FIGURE 4X.—Sarsiella rudescui, new species, holotype, adult female. USXM 141558:

a, (ith limb; b. distal end of 7th limb; c, detail of tip of bristle of 7th limb; d,

anterior of tody showing 1st joint of 1st antenna, medial eye and rod-shaped

organ, anterior process, and upper lip: e. section of left side of bodv near

posterior showing Y-sck-rite (pattern of vertical lines) and genital or«an (anterior

to left). ° v
NUMBER 250 47

followed by 4 spines; claw 1 united to lamella,

others separated from lamella by suture; claws 1-1

with teeth along posterior margins, some teeth

longer and stouter than others.

Rod-siwped organ: Elongate, 1-jointed with

rounded tip (Figure 11<7): minute protuberance

visible on tip when viewed under oil immersion

( X 100 objective).

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent; medial eye bare, unpigmented (Figure 4k/).

Upper Lip (Figure 4 Id): Helmet shaped.

Genitalia (Figure 41c): Oval sclerotized ring.

Y-Scleritc (Figure 41c): Typical for family.

Eggs: USXM 141558 with 5 eggs in marsupium

and smaller unextruded eggs within body. "Grigore

Antipa" 300 with 1 eggs in marsupium.

COMPARISONS.—In addition to the differences in

shell ornamentation, the new species Sarsiella rudescui differs from some specimens of 5. africana

in that the 3rd bell (counted from the proximal

end) of long bristles on the 7th limb is about threefourths the length of the 2nd bell: the 3rd bell is

about one-half the length of the 2nd bell on many

specimens of S. africana. The carapace of 5. murrayana does not have the abundant short spines present on S. rudescui. The carapace of S. rudescui does

not have the 2 posterodorsal processes present on

5. neapolis.

Sarsiella species indeterminate

MATERIAL.—From station X046: USXM 156646,

1 juvenile female: USXM 156647, 1 juvenile;

USXM 166523, 1 juvenile male and female. USXM

157118, 1 juvenile from station X023. USNM

157119, 1 juvenile from station X005. USXM

157120, 1 juvenile from station X057. USXM

157121, 1 juvenile from station X052. USXM

157122, 1 juvenile from station X055.

Junctichela, new genus

Ansrottit'lla Kornickcr, 1975a:607 [in part].

Junctichela Kornickcr and McKenzie, 1976 [deliberate noinen

nudiim].

TYPE-SPECIES.—Junctichela margalefi, new species.

ETYMOLOGY.—Derived from the Latin "junctus"

(= unite) and "chela" (= claw). The name refers

to the furca of this genus, which bears 3 claws

fused to each lamella in addition to claws separated from the lamella by a suture. Gender: feminine.

Two species, Sarsiella similis Scott, 1905, and

Sarsiella gracilis Scott, 1905, both from Sri Lanka,

have 3 strong claws followed by 3 weak claws. It

is not known whether the strong claws are fused to

the lamella. However, it is expedient to assume

they are and to include them in the new genus as

Junctichela sitnilis and Junctichela gracilis.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mauritania, Sri Lanka.

DIAGNOSIS.—Carapace with shallow fossae and

abundant short bristles with rounded tips; anterior

with minute incisur in female and well developed

incisur in male.

First Antenna: 7th and 8th joints with full accompaniment of bristles.

Second Antenna: Endopodite 1-jointed or with

minute terminal mound which could represent a

2nd joint. Endopodite of male of type-species not

developed as 3-jointed clasper.

Mandible: Without exopodite on male or female.

Maxilla: Exopodite with 2 bristles.

Sixth Limb: With single endite.

Furca: Each lamella with 3 stout claws joined to

lamella followed by 2-3 short claws separated from

lamella by suture.

COMPARISONS.—The new genus Junctichela differs from other genera in the family Sarsiellidae in

having a furca with claws 1-3 joined to the lamella.

Key to the Species of Junctichela

1. Furca with "> claws / . margalefi, new species

Furca with f> daws 2

2. Carapare with anterior and anteroventral radial ribs /. similis (Scott)

Carapace without radial ribs /. gracilis (Scott)
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Junctichela margalefi, new species

FIGURES 42-47; 1'I.ATE 27

HOLOTYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 296, A-l female,

length 1.29 mm, height 0.97 mm, in alcohol and

on slides.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X074.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. Ramon Margalef, Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Barcelona, Spain.

ALLOTYPE.—USNM 153925, adult male from

same sample as holotype.

PARATYPES.—From station X075: USNM 141268,

1 ovigerous female; USNM 156616, 1 instar II;

USNM 156617, 1 A-2 female; "Grigore Antipa"

298, 2 juveniles. Thnlnssa sample (no station

number in vial) probably from off Mauritania:

USNM 156618, 2 juveniles. From station X066:

USNM 156630, 3 adult males; USNM 156631, 1

adult female plus 9 specimens.

DESCRIPTION OF ADUI.T FEMALE (Figures 42, 43;

Plate 27).—Carapace oval in lateral view with

minute incisur and small caudal process; carapace

widest in posterodorsal part (Figures 42, 43a).

Ornamentation: Surface with ovoid shallow fosFH;URE 42.—Junctichela mar gale fi, new species, paratype,

adult female, USNM 141268, length 1.56 mm.

sae (Figure 42; Plate 27«); area between fossae with

abundant bristles with rounded tips (Plate 21b,c,e,

/); organic matrix present between bristles; on

dried specimen organic matrix tends to form film

over bristles and across tops of some fossae (Plate

27d,/).

Infold: Anterior infold with minute bristle below

incisur (Figure 436); infold of caudal process with

8 bristles forming row in addition to several bristles

along inner margin; posterior infold above caudal

process with 2 setose bristles (Figure 43r,d).

Central Adductor Muscle Attachments: Consisting of about 13 individual ovoid attachments.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation present

along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins.

Size: USNM 141268, length 1.56 mm, height 1.31

mm; USNM 156631a, length 1.54 mm, height 1.15

mm.

First Antenna (Figure 43e): 1st joint: lateral

surface with short spines near dorsal margin. 2nd

joint: 1 dorsal bristle. 3rd joint: short, fused to 4th,

with 2 spinous bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). 4th

joint: elongate, with 3 spinous bristles (2 ventral,

1 dorsal). 5th joint: long, sensory bristle bare,

terminating in minute spine. 6th joint: fused to

5th, with short spinous medial bristle. 7th joint:

a-bristle spinous, almost twice length of bristle of

6th joint; b-bristle bare, longer than a-bristle; cbristle similar to sensory bristle of 5th joint but

slightly longer. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare,

about three-fourths length of c-bristle; f- and gbristles similar to c-bristle but slightly shorter.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-joined with 2 minute anterior bristles and 1 spinous terminal bristle on small mound (mound could

be interpreted as 2nd joint) (Figure 43/). Exopodite: 1st joint with recurved medial spine on distal

margin; bristle of 2nd joint with 9 stout, widely

separated, ventral spines proximally, and natatory

hairs distally along both margins; bristles of joints

3-8 with ventral spines proximally and natatory

hairs distally. 9th joint with 2 bristles (ventral

bristle long with spines ventrally and natatory hairs

distally, dorsal bristle short with short marginal

spines). Joints 3-7 with minute lateral spines forming row along distal margin near base of bristle, no

basal spines present.

Mandible (Figure 43g): Coxale consisting of stout

spine; ventral margin of coxale hirsute. Basale:
NUMBER 250 49

FIGURE 43.—Junctichela margalefi, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 141268, length 1.56

mm: a, complete specimen showing position of 3 eggs (dashed line); b, segment of anterior

margin of right valve showing minute bristle of infold and minute incisur, inside view; c, posterior of right valve, inside view; d, posterior of left valve, inside view; e, right 1st antenna,

medial view; /, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; g, left mandible, medial view;

h, right maxilla, lateral view; i, distal part of 5th limb; ;', 6th limb; k, distal end of 7th limb;

/, part of left side of body showing 6th limb, Y-sclerite, genital organ (dashed line) and left

lamella of furca; m, left and right lateral eyes; n, anterior of body showing medial eye and

rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip; o, upper lip (anterior to left); p, part of left

side of body showing Y-sclerite and brushlike organ (anterior to left).
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ventral margin with 4 bristles, some with bases on

medial side; lateral side near ventral margin with 2

short bristles; dorsal margin with 1 short bristle distal to middle and 1 subterminal. Exopodite absent.

Endopodite: 1st joint with distal medial spines,

spines along terminal dorsal corner, and main ventral claw; 2nd joint with subterminal bristle on

dorsal margin and main ventral claw; end joint

with minute ventral and dorsal bristle at base of

main claw; tips of claws on specimen examined appearing worn.

Maxilla (Figure 43/i): Precoxale and coxale with

fringe of long hairs; coxale with short dorsal bristle.

Endite I with about 5 bristles; endite II with about

4 bristles; endite III with 5 bristles. Basale with

slender bristle near base of exopodite. Exopodite

with 1 short bare bristle and 1 long spinous bristle.

Endopodite: 1st joint with stout pectinate «- and

/?-bristles; 2nd joint with 2 a-bristles, 1 c-bristle,

and 5 pectinate end bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 43*): Epipodial appendage

with 33-35 bristles. Single endite with 1 short

bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 bristles; joints

2-5 hirsute, fused; 2nd joint with 3 bristles; fused

joints 3-5 with total of 5 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 43/,/): Single endite with 3

bristles; end joint with 13-14 spinous ventral bristles

in addition to 2 stout, hirsute, posterior bristles;

lateral and medial surfaces with short spines forming rows; medial surface near posterior margin with

abundant long hairs.

Seventh Limb (Figure 43&): Each limb with 8

bristles (2 in proximal group, 1 on each side, and

6 in terminal group, 3 on each side), each bristle

with 2—5 bells and without marginal spines; terminus with opposing combs, each with 5 or 6 teeth.

Furca (Figure 43/): Each lamella with 5 claws;

claws 1-3 fused to lamella, claws 4 and 5 separated

from lamella by suture; teeth present along posterior margins of claws 1-3; finer spines present

along anterior margins of same claws; USNM

141268 with tips of claws broken.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 43n): Crinkled proximally, broadening distally, with rounded tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye small with 4 ommatidia (Figure 43m); medial eye pigmented, bare, about twice

diameter of lateral eye (Figure 43n).

Upper Lip (Figure 43n,o): With 2 rounded

processes projecting anteriorly.

Genitalia (Figure 43/): Visible as oval sclerotized

ring.

Brushlike Organ (Figure 43/>): Consisting of

about 5 minute bristles.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 43p): Typical for family.

Eggs: USNM 141268 with 5 eggs in marsupium

in addition to unextruded eggs. (See Figure 43a

for position of eggs in marsupium.)

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figure 44, 45).—

Carapace more elongate than that of female, with

more prominent rostrum and truncate posterior

(Figure 44).

Ornamentation (Figure 44): Similar to that of

female.

Infold: Not examined.

Central Adductor Muscle Attachments: Similar

to those of female.

Size: USNM 153925, length 1.40 mm, height 0.89

mm. USNM 156630, 3 specimens: length 1.31 mm,

height 0.89 mm; length 1.33 mm, height 0.89 mm;

length 1.34 mm, height 0.86 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 45a): 1st joint: bare. 2nd

joint: spinous dorsal bristle. 3rd joint: fused to

4th, with minute ventral bristle and short, slender,

dorsal bristle. 4th joint: elongate, with 3 bristles

(2 ventral and 1 dorsal). 5th joint: wedged between

4th and 6th joints at ventral margin; sensory bristle

of 5th joint with cuplike proximal part with abundant filaments; main stem of sensory bristle with

4 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. 6th joint;

short medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle spinous,

about three times length of bristle of 6th joint;

b-bristle bare, about same length as a-bristle; cFK.URE 44.—Juuctichela margalefi, new species, allotype,

adult male, USNM 153925, length 1.40 mm.
NUMBER 250 51

FIGURE 45.—Junctichela margalefi, new species, allotype, adult male, USNM 153925, length 1.40

mm: a, right 1st antenna, lateral view; b, exopodite of right 2nd antenna, lateral view; c, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; d, left mandible, medial view; e, maxilla; /, distal

part of 5th limb; g, 6th limb; h, right 7th limb; i, part of left side of body showing copulatory

limb, Y-sclerite, and left lamella of furca; ;, right lateral eye; k, medial eye and proximal end of

rod-shaped organ.

bristle with 3 or 4 marginal filaments and bifurcate

tip, about same length as sensory bristle of 5th

joint. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare, about same

length as c-bristle; f-bristle with 3 marginal filaments, slightly shorter than c-bristle; g-bristle with

4 or 5 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip, about

same length as c-bristle; minute spine at ends of

some filaments, and tips of sensory, c-, f-, and gbristles.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed or weakly 2-jointed, with 2 small anterior bristles and 3 spinous terminal bristles on

small mound which could be considered a 2nd

joint (Figure 45c). Exopodite (Figure 45fe): 1st
52

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

joint wtih recurved medial spine on distal margin;

bristle of 2nd joint with 6 stout, widely separated,

stout ventral spines proximally and natatory hairs

distally; bristles of joints 3-8 with proximal ventral

spines, distal natatory hairs, and few hairs proximal

to spines; 9th joint: 2 bristles (ventral long bristle

with proximal ventral spines and distal natatory

hairs; dorsal short bristle with natatory hairs);

joints 2-7 with short spines forming lateral row

along distal margins; no basal spines present.

Mandible (Figure 45d): Coxale endite represented

by slender spine; ventral margin of coxale bare.

Basale: medial side near ventral margin with 4

bristles; lateral side near ventral margin with 2

bristles; dorsal margin with 2 fairly long subterminal bristles. Exopodite absent. Endopodite: 1st

joint with numerous slender spines on medial surface and along dorsal margin, ventral margin with

1 short bare bristle and 1 longer bristle with short

marginal spines; 2nd joint with spines on medial

surface, along distal edge near dorsal margin on

lateral side, and at terminal end of dorsal margin,

dorsal margin with long bare bristle with sharp

recurved knifelike tip, ventral margin with 2 short

bristles; end joint with minute dorsal and ventral

bristle at base of stout, short, bare claw.

Maxilla (Figure 45e): Limb reduced. Endites IIII with weakly developed bristles, some with long

marginal hairs. Coxale with short dorsal bristle

and dorsal fringe of hairs; bristles and claws of

end joint weakly developed. Exopodite represented

by a long and short bristle with base on 1st endopodite joint near distal margin of basale, no lobe

observed.

Fifth Limb (Figure 45/): Epipodial appendage

with 34 bristles. Single endite with 1 short bristle.

Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 hirsute bristles; joints

2-5 hirsute, fused; 2nd joint with 3 hirsute bristles;

fused joints 3-5 with total of 5 hirsute bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 45g): Single endite with 3

short bristles; end joint with 13 bristles with long

marginal hairs in addition to 2 hirsute posterior

bristles; medial surface of limb hirsute; lateral surface with short spines forming rows except for long

hairs near posterior margin.

Seventh Limb (Figure 45/*): Represented by bare

crinkled stump.

Fnrca (Figure 45/): Each lamella with 5 claws as

on adult female; lamella differs from that of female

in having a small spine between 4th and 5th claws,

and 5 or 6 spines following the 5th claw.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 45k): Segmented

proximal part (distal end broken off specimen

examined).

Eyes (Figure 45/,/;): Lateral and medial eyes

similar to those of female.

Copulatory Organ (Figure 45?): Consisting of 2

or 3 lobes, one of these with long sclerotized terminal hook and several bristles.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 45i): Similar to that of female.

DESCRIPTION OF INSTAR II (sex uncertain; Figure

46a-/): Carapace similar to that of adult female

except for posterior dorsal to caudal process being

truncate (Figure 47a).

Size: USNM 156616, length 0.82 mm, height 0.58

mm.

First Antenna: Similar to that of adult female

except 4th joint without ventral bristles.

Second Antenna: Similar to that of adult female

except endopodite with only 1 short anterior bristle.

Mandible, Maxilla: Similar to that of adult female.

Fifth Limb: Epipodial appendage with 30

bristles. Exopodite similar to that of adult female.

Sixth Limb (Figure 466): Hirsute with 1 spinous

bristle.

Seventh Limb (Figure 46c): Very small (observed only under oil immersion, but could not be

certain that structure observed is 7th limb).

Fnrca (Figure 46rf): Similar to that of adult female.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 46e), Eyes, and YSclerite: Similar to those of adult female.

Brushlike Organ: Not present.

DESCRIPTION OF A-2 FEMALE (instar III; Figure

46g-Z).—Carapace similar to that of adult female

except for posterior dorsal to caudal process being

truncate (Figure 46g).

Size: USNM 156617, length 1.08 mm, height 0.84

mm.

First Antenna: Similar to that of adult female except only 1 ventral bristle on 4th joint.

Second Antenna (Figure 46h), Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th Limbs: Not examined in detail

but similar to those of adult female.

Seventh Limb (Figure 46/): Long but without

bristles or terminal comb teeth.
NUMBER 250 53

FIGURE 46.—Junctichela margalefi, new species, paratype, sex uncertain (instar II), USNM 156616,

length 0.82 mm: a, complete specimen showing central adductor muscle attachments; b, right

6th limb, lateral view; c, right 7th limb (?), (anterior to right); d, right lamella of furca; e, right

lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; /, anterior of body showing upper lip (at lower

right) and part of the musculature. Paratype, A-2 female (instar III), USNM 156617, length 1.08

mm: g, complete specimen; h, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; i, left 7th limb.

Holotype, A-l female (instar IV), "Grigore Antipa" 296, length 1.29 mm: /, complete specimen

showing some fossae and central adductor muscle attachments; k, left lamella of furca; /, left

lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ.

Furca, Rod-shaped Organ, and Eyes: Similar to

those of adult female.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE (instar IV; Figures

46/-/, 47).—Carapace similar to that of adult female

except for having truncate posterior (Figure 46;',

47).

Size: "Grigore Antipa" 296, length 1.29 mm,

height 0.97 mm.

First Antenna: Similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: Similar to that of adult female

except exopodial bristles with more ventral spines.

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th Limbs: Similar

to those of adult female.

Seventh Limb: Bristles strongly tapered (juvenile

character); 2 bristles in proximal group (1 on each

side), 4 bristles in terminal group (2 on each side),

each bristle with 2-4 bells; terminus with opposing

combs.

Furca (Figure 46A): Similar to that of adult female except for having 2 spines following claw 5;

FIGURE 47.—Junctichela margalefi, new species, holotype, A-l

female, "Grigore Antipa" 2%, length 1.29 mm.
54

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

long medial hairs forming row at base of claw 1 on

each lamella.

Rod-shaped Organ and Eyes (Figure 46/): Similar to those of adult female.

SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE.—Using

the key to early myodocopid instars of Kornicker

(1969a:3) it was determined that the collection

contained instars II (A-3) to IV (A-l) in addition

to the adult. Observed changes in carapace size and

in the number of bristles on limbs are summarized

in Table 2. The development of Junctichela differs

from that of Spinacopia (see Kornicker, 1969a: 34)

mainly in that the number of furcal claws remained the same during development from instar

II to the adult of Junctichela but increased from 4

claws on instar II to 7-8 claws on the adult of

Spinacopia. The number of furcal claws during the

development from instar II to the adult of Sarsiella

zostericola Cushman, 1906, also remains the same

(Kornicker, 1967:4).

TABLE 2.—Summary of development of females of Junctichela margalefi

Character Instar II* Instar III Instar IV Adult

Carapace: length/height (mm)

1st antenna: number of ventral bristles on

4th joint

2nd antenna: number of short anterior

bristles on endopodite

6th limb: number of bristles

7th limb: number of proximal bristles

number of terminal bristles

Furca: number of claws

0.82/0.58 1.08/0.84 1.29/0.97 1.56/1.31

0 1 2 2

1

1

0

0

5

2

many

0

0

5

2

many

2

4

5

2

13-14

2

6

5

* Sex uncertain on instar II.

RUTIDERMATIDAE

Brady and Norman, 1896

This family contains three genera: Rutiderma

Brady and Norman, 1896, Alternochelata Kornicker, 1958, and Scleraner Kornicker, 1975a. Only

the first two are represented in the collections.

Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896

This genus is represented in the collections by

3 species: R. leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975b, R. tridens,

new species, and R. irrostratum, new species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of Rutiderma are widespread between latitudes of 45°N and 50°S and

Key to the Genera of Rutidermatidae

1. Furca with secondary caws alternating with primary claws AIternochelata Kornicker

Furca with secondary claws following primary claws 2

2. Endopodite of female 2nd antenna with 1 joint Rutiderma Brady and Norman

Endopodite of female 2nd antenna with 2 joints Scleraner Kornicker

Key to the Species of Rutiderma along the

Western Coasts of Europe and Africa

1. Anterior with distinct rostrum 2

Anterior essentially without rostrum R. irrostratum, new species

2. Horizontal ribs on both anterior ami posterior halves of valves 3

Horizontal ribs absent or restricted to posterior halves of valves R. tridens, new species

3. Each valve with overhanging rostrum and long caudal process R. leloeuffi Kornicker

Each valve with rostrum not overhanging and short caudal process

R. compressa Brady and Norman
NUMBER 250

55

depths of 1 to 260 in. Species in the present collection were from off Mauritania and Spanish Sahara

at depths of 30 to 260 m.

Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975

FICURE 48; PLATES 28-30

Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975b:40, figs. 29-32.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 149330, adult female, length

1.99 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Grand Bassam, Ivory Coast,

5°12'05"N, 3°49'05"W, 20 m.

MATERIAL.—USNM 156597, 1 A-l male from station A8a; USNM 156607, an adult female from station AlOb.

This species was described from a single specimen collected from a depth of 20 m off the Ivory

Coast by Kornicker (1975b).

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE.

—Size: USNM 156607, length 1.84 mm, height 1.41

mm. The size of this specimen, which contained

large unextruded eggs, indicates that the holotype

described by Kornicker (1975b) is an adult female.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 48; Plates 28-

30).—Except for less overhang of rostrum, carapace similar in shape to that of adult female illustrated by Kornicker (1975b: figure 29) (Figure 48a).

Ornamentation: Carapace with horizontal ribs

and projecting caudal process (Figure 48a; Plate

2Sa-c,e); surface with abundant shallow fossae

FIGURE 48.—Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, A-l male, USNM

156597, length 1.59 mm: a, complete specimen showing ribs

(diagramatically) and projecting furca; b, endopodite of left

2nd antenna; c, tip of 7th limb; d, left lateral eye.

(Plates 28d, 29c); surface between fossae and bottom of most fossae with minute pustules (Plates

28d, 29a-d); long bristles with broad ribbed bases

present along anterior margin and sparsely distributed on valve surface (Plates 2Sa,d,e, 29a,b,e, S0a,b).

Infold: Infold of rostrum with long bristles

(Plate S0a,d).

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation of selvage at tip

of caudal process with indentation exposing short

bristle on valve edge (Plate S0b,c). Prolongation

along lower margin of caudal process minutely serrate (Plate 28/).

Central Adductor Muscle Scars: Fossae in vicinity of muscle attachments with fewer pustules than

fossae elsewhere, some with median row of pustules

(Plate 29c,d). Muscle attachments appearing fibrous

(Plate 29/).

Size: USNM 156597, length 1.59 mm, height 1.02

mm.

First Antenna, Mandible, Maxilla, 5th and 6th

Limbs: Not examined in detail but morphology

similar to that of adult female.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 48&): 1st joint short with 3 short

proximal bristles and 1 short distal bristle; 2nd

joint elongate with 2 minute ventral bristles; 3rd

joint elongate with minute proximal bristle on

dorsal margin and 2 minute subterminal bristles,

tip of joint rounded. Exopodite: 1st joint with

short medial spine on distal margin; bristle of 2nd

joint reaching to about 8th joint; joints 2-7 with

short spines forming row along distal margin;

bristles of joints 2-8 with closely spaced spines along

ventral margin; 9th joint with 4 bristles (2 about

same size as bristle of 2nd joint, with closely spaced

spines along ventral margin; 1 short with a few

spines along ventral and dorsal margins; 1 very

short with numerous spines along ventral and dorsal margins).

Seventh Limb: Terminal comb with 7 or 8 teeth

with minute tooth between bases opposing 2 recurved teeth (Figure 48c). Each limb with 8 tapered

bristles (4 terminal, 2 on each side; 4 proximal, 2

on each side); proximal bristles with 3 equal bells;

terminal bristle with 4 bells, proximal bell larger

than others; all bristles with distal marginal spines.

Furca: Each lamella with 3 strong claws followed

by 3 short secondary claws (similar to furca of

adult female).
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, widening near middle, tapering towards tip.

Eyes: Lateral eye fairly large with about 7 minute ommatidia (Figure 48d); medial eye bare, elongate, similar in size to lateral eye.

Upper Lip: Rounded, similar to that of adult

female.

Posterior of Body: Long hairs present (similar

to those on posterior of adult female).

Rutiderma irrostratum, new species

FIGURES 49-51; PLATE 31

HOLOTYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 291, female (A-l

stage), length 1.27 m, some appendages on slide,

remaining appendages and carapace in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X053.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species name, derived from

Latin, means "without rostrum."

PARATYPES.—"Grigore Antipa" 292, 2 juveniles

from same sample as holotype; USNM 150106,

ovigerous female from same station as holotype;

USNM 152826, 1 ovigerous female from station

A8a; USNM 154198, 1 A-l male from same sample

as holotype; USNM 156595, 1 specimen from station A7b; USNM 156606, 1 specimen from station

AlOb; USNM 156629, 1 specimen from station

X068.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figure 49-5lag;

Plate 31).—Carapace oval in lateral view with

evenly rounded anterior, and truncate posterior

with protruding caudal process (Figure 49); rostrum almost absent, a short faint line indicates loFK.URE 49.—Rutiderma irrostratum, new species, paratype,

adult female, USNM 150106, length 1.50 mm.

cation of incisur (line visible in transmitted light);

upper and lower horizontal ribs extend from just

anterior to central adductor muscle attachment

area to posterior part of shell; on some specimens

upper rib tends to continue weakly to anterior

shell margin; in dorsal view ribs of each valve

parallel.

Ornamentation: Long bristles along anterior margin and on valve surface (Plate §\a,b,f). Surface

with abundant shallow fossae (Plate S\a-d); surface between fossae and on bottom of fossae with

minute pits and nodes (Plate %\c-e).

Infold: Broad along anterior, ventral, and posteroventral margins; anterior infold with a single

bristle near or dorsal to line indicating incisur locality (Figure 50a); 8 bristles on striate anteroventral infold; middle part of ventral infold bare;

poster oven tral infold anterior to caudal process

with 10 small bristles mostly along inner margin

of infold; caudal process with 6 bristles along list

(Figure 506); posterior infold dorsal to caudal

process with 1 bare bristle.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation present

along anterior, ventral, and dorsal margins; edge

of prolongation along anterior margin with few

marginal hairs, along anteroventral and ventral

margin with abundant hairs.

Central Muscle Attachment Scars: Consisting

of about 14 individual scars.

Size: USNM 152826, length 1.33 mm, height 0.94

mm; USNM 150106, length 1.50 mm, height 0.94

mm.

First Antenna (Figure 50c): 1st joint: bare or

with few faint distal hairs on medial surface. 2nd

joint: long hairs forming 3 clusters on dorsal margin, lateral spines forming row in distal dorsal

corner, 1 distal dorsal bristle, and 1 short lateral

bristle in distal ventral corner. 3rd joint: fused

with 4th, with 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). 4th

joint: elongate, with 3 bristles (1 dorsal, 2 ventral).

5th joint: elongate, sensory bristle bare; 6th joint:

fused to 5th, with short medial bristle. 7th joint:

a-bristle slightly longer than bristle of 6th joint;

b-bristle represented by minute spine; c-bristle bare,

slightly shorter than sensory bristle of 5th joint.

8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare with blunt tips,

shorter than c-bristle; f- and g-bristles bare, slightly

shorter than c-bristle; minute spine at tip of sensory,

c-, f-, and g-bristles.
NUMBER 250 57

FIGURE 50.—Rutiderma irrostratum, new species, adult female, paratype, USNM 152826, length

1.33 mm: a, inside view of segment of anterior margin of right valve showing dashed line representing incisur line (incisur absent on species); b, caudal process of right valve, inside view; c,

left 1st antenna, medial view; d, cndopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; <-, left mandible,

medial view; /, tip of right mandible, lateral view; g, right maxilla, medial view; h, left maxilla,

lateral view; i, distal end of right 5th limb, anterior view; ;, endites I (top), II, and III of left

5th limb; k, part of right side of body showing Y-sclerite, genital organ, and right lamella of

furca. Paratype, adult female, USNM 150106, length 1.50 mm: /, large and small eggs in marsupium (2 of each present).
58

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

1-jointed with 4 anterior proximal bristles and a

minute subterminal spine with base on lateral

surface (Figure 50d). Exopodite: 1st joint with short

medial spine on distal margin; joints 2-8 with

spines forming row along distal margin; bristle of

2nd joint reaching just past 9th joint, with minute ventral spines forming 4 or 5 groups; bristles

of joints 3-8 unbroken, with natatory hairs; 9th

joint with 6 bristles (3 long and 1 short with natatory hairs, 2 much shorter, bare or with short

hairs).

Mandible (Figure 50e,f): Coxale endite bifurcate

with secondary teeth and long spines. Basale: ventral margin with 4 proximal bristles (1 long with

short marginal spines, 2 short pectinate, and 1 minute, bare) and 2 bristles near middle (1 short

with spine, 1 minute, bare); dorsal margin of

basale with 3 bristles near middle forming 2 groups

with 1 short bristle in proximal group and 2 in

distal group. No exopodite present. Endopodite:

1st joint with 3 short ventral bristles and spines

forming rows on medial surface; 2nd joint with

spines forming rows on medial surface; dorsal margin with 2 proximal bristles; ventral margin with

stout terminal claws with serrate inner margin

and proximal tooth; 1 short ventral bristle and

small medial process present near base of claw;

end joint with stout dorsal claw and slender ventral claw, each with minute teeth along ventral

margins, 3 short medial bristles present lateral to

stout claw, and 2 short lateral bristles present

ventral to base of slender claw.

Maxilla (Figure 50g,h): Coxale with long hairs

on dorsal margin and short distoanterior bristle

with short marginal spines. Endite I with 3 stout

pectinate bristles and 2 or 3 slender spinous bristles;

endite II with 2 stout pectinate bristles and 3 or 4

short spinous bristles; endite III with 4 stout pectinate bristles, 2 short spinous subterminal bristles,

and 1 spinous proximal lateral bristle. Basale with

1 slender distoanterior bristle with short marginal

spines, and 2 short distoposterior bristles. Exopodite with 2 bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1

a-bristle with short marginal spines, 1 /3-bristle

with faint marginal teeth, and distal spines on

medial surface; 2nd joint with 1 stout claw with

large teeth along ventral margin, 1 shorter claw

without marginal teeth, 2 spinous a-bristles, 1 ventral posterior terminal bristle with slender teeth

along both margins, and 1 medial bristle with teeth

along posterior margin.

Fifth Limb (Figures 5Qi,j, 5\e,f): Endite I with

2 bristles; endite II with 3 bristles; endite III with

4 bristles. Exopodite: main tooth of 1st joint consisting of a large prong with 2 distal marginal teeth

and smaller elongate proximal tooth near middle

of inner margin; a short bristle present near proximal tooth; outer edge of main tooth with slender

proximal bristle; 2nd joint with large triangular

tooth with inner edge consisting of 3 large prongs;

distal of these with 2 marginal teeth on inner

margin; middle prong and proximal prong with a

marginal tooth on each side; base of proximal

prong on anterior side of 2nd joint; 1 bristle present on inner margin proximal to proximal tooth,

and 1 bristle present on posterior side near proximal prong; outer distal corner of triangular tooth

of 2nd joint rounded, 3rd joint with 2 bristles on

inner and outer lobes; 4th and 5th joints fused,

with total of 4 spinous bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 51a): 2 plumose bristles in

place of epipodial appendage. Endite I minute with

1 long bristle; endite II with 2 short spinous

bristles; endite III with 2 long bristles; endite IV

with 3 spinous bristles; end joint with anterior 2

bristles with short marginal spines and posterior 5

bristles plumose. (The 1st and 2nd endites could

be interpreted as being only a single endite, in

which case the limb would have only 3 endites).

Seventh Limb (Figure 51 b,c,g): Each limb with

4 short proximal bristles (2 on each side), and 3

long and 2 short terminal bristles (3 on one side,

2 on other); proximal bristles with 3 small bells;

short terminal bristles with 3 small bells; long

terminal bristles with 6 bells of which proximal bell

is much larger than others; all bristles with marginal spines; terminus bare.

Furca (Figure 50&): Each lamella with 3 strong

claws followed by 3 secondary claws; strong claws

with subequal slender spinelike teeth along posterior margin; long hairs present on lamella posterior

to claws.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 5ld): Elongate, 2-

jointed with 1st joint widening distally; 2nd joint

with tapered end bearing minute spine.

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent; medial eye pigmented,

bare (Figure 5Id).
NUMBER 250 59

FIGURE 51.—Rutiderma irrostratum, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 152826: a, 6th

limb: b, distal end of 7th limb; c, detail of tip of 7th limb; d, anterior of body showing medial

eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip (lower right). Paratype, adult female,

USNM 150106: e, 2nd exopodial joint of right 5th limb, posterior view; /, 1st and 2nd exopodial

joints of left 5th limb, anterior view; g, tip of 7th limb. Holotype, A-l female, "Grigore

Antipa" 291, length 1.27 mm: h, complete specimen showing central adductor muscle scars,

horizontal ribs (diagramatically), and extruding furca and tip of right 1st antenna; i, tip of

right 1st antenna, medial view; /', k, 1st and 2nd exopodial joints of left and right 5th limbs,

posterior views (bristles not shown); /, tip of 7th limb. Paratype, A-l male, USNM 154198,

length 1.35 mm: tn, complete specimen showing central adductor muscle attachment scars and

horizontal ribs (diagramatically); n, 1st and 2nd exopodial joints of right 5th limb, posterior

view (bristles not shown).
60

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Upper Lip (Figure 5Id): Small, rounded, bare.

Posterior: Hirsute.

Genitalia (Figure 50ft): Consisting of oval sclerotized ring on each side of body.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 50ft): Linear with short upturned distal end, without ventral branch.

Eggs: USNM 152826 and 150106 with 4 eggs in

marsupium. In 152826 3 eggs were larger than the

4th; in 150106 2 eggs were larger than the other 2

(Figure 50/).

Gut Content: USNM 152826 with almost complete harpacticoid copepod, a polychaete worm of

Family Glyceridae (ident. M. H. Pettibone), a

freeliving nematode of the order Desmoscolecida

(ident. D. H. Hope), and spines possibly belonging

to a polychaete.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE (Figure 51 h-l).—

Carapace similar to that of adult female except

smaller (Figure 51/J): holotype, "Grigore Antipa"

291, length 1.27 mm, height 0.83 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 511): Same as 1st antenna

of adult female.

Second Antenna: Protopodite and endopodite

similar to that of adult female except endopodite

with only 3 anterior bristles. Exopodite: bristles

shorter than those on limb of adult female and

without natatory hairs; bristles of joints 2-8 with

minute teeth along ventral margin; 9th joint with

5 bristles, all with either minute marginal spines

or teeth; 1st joint with medial terminal spine;

joints 2-8 with minute spines forming row near

terminal margin.

Mandible, Maxilla, 6th Limb: Not examined in

detail, but same type as on adult female.

Fifth Limb (Figure 51j,k): Epipodial appendage

with 34-35 bristles. Exopodite similar to that of

adult female.

Seventh Limb (Figure 511/): Proximal and terminal groups each with 4 tapered bristles; proximal

bristles short, with 2-3 equal terminal bells and

marginal spines; terminal bristles longer than

proximal bristles, with 4 terminal bells (proximal

bell longer than others) and marginal spines; terminus with few spines.

Furca, Rod-shaped Organ, and Eyes: Similar to

those of adult female.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figure 51m,n).—

Carapace similar to that of A-l female but slightly

larger (Figure 51m): USNM 154198, length 1.35

mm, height 0.89 mm.

First Antenna: Same as limb of A-l female.

Second Antenna: Protopodite and exopodite

similar to those of A-l female. Endopodite 3-

jointed: 1st joint short with 4 ventral bristles (3

proximal, 1 distal); 2nd joint elongate with 2 short

distoventral bristles; 3rd joint elongate with 1 minute bristle near middle of dorsal margin and 2

short terminal bristles.

Mandible, Maxilla, 6th Limb: Not examined in

detail but of same general type as on adult female.

Fifth Limb (Figure 5In): Epipodial appendage

with 33 bristles. Exopodite similar to that of adult

female.

Seventh Limb: Proximal bristles with 2 bells,

limb otherwise same as that of A-l female.

Furca: Similar to that of adult female.

Lateral eye: Not seen with certainty; faint globe

with what could be minute ommatidia observed.

COMPARISONS.—The main tooth of the 1st exopodite joint of the 5th limb of females and advanced

juveniles of previously described species consist of

3 or 4 large prongs and a proximal peg. The main

tooth of the new species Rutiderma irrostratum

bears only 1 large prong with 3 marginal teeth.

The b-bristle of the 7th joint of the 1st antenna

is minute, much smaller than that bristle on previously described species. The tip of the 7th limb of

R. irrostratum is either bare or has a few minute

spines, unlike the tip of the limb of other species

which bears 2 opposing combs with well-developed

teeth. In addition, the rostrum is totally lacking on

R. irrostratum and in its place is a minute line.

The degree of development of the rostrum of

previously described species varies, but none is

without a rostrum. The above differences may warrant future inclusion of this species in a new

subgenus of Rutiderma.

Rutiderma tridens, new species

FIGURES 52-55; PLATES 32, 33

?Rutiderma compressa.—Miiller, 1908:92, pi. 7: figs. 1-13.

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 152829, A-l male, in alcohol and on slides.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X051.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from the
NUMBER 250 61

Latin "tri" (= three) plus dens (= tooth) in reference to the 3 teeth on the infold of the caudal

process of the A-l male.

PARATYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 469, 1 juvenile

female (A-l instar?) from same sample as holotype.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l MALE (Figures 52-54; Plates

32, 33).—Carapace oval in lateral view, with small

caudal process and distinct incisur forming right

angle; 2 weakly developed lateral ribs present in

posterior half of each valve (Figure 52).

Ornamentation: Surface with shallow round

fossae (Plate S2a,b,d,e); anterodorsal, anterior and

ventral margin with numerous hairs, most with

broad base (Plate S2a,b); short and long hairs

sparsely distributed over valve surface (Plates

S2b,d,f, 33a-c); low nodes present along ventral

margin and edge of rostrum; surface between fossae

with pits (Plate 33c,d).

Infold: Rostral infold with 5 long bristles forming row paralleling anterodorsal margin; anteroventral infold with 7 bristles and 5 ribs paralleling

margin; ventral infold bare; posteroventral infold

anterior to caudal process with about 9 short

bristles; infold of caudal process with "pocket";

anterior margin of pocket with 3 teeth along dorsal part and 3 or 4 bristles forming row ventral to

teeth (Figure 53a); 2 or 3 minute bristles present

between anterior margin of pocket and inner margin of infold (Figure 53a).

Selvage (Plate 32c): Wide lamellar prolongation

with fringed margin present along anterodorsal,

anterior, ventral, and posterior valve margins.

FIGURE 52.—Rutiderma tridens, new species, holotype, A-l

male, USNM 152829, length 1.32 mm.

Central Adductor Muscle Scars: Consisting of

about 12-15 individual ovoid scars.

Size: USNM 152829, length 1.32 mm, height 0.88

mm.

First Antenna (Figure 52b-d): First joint: bare.

2nd joint: 1 spinous lateral bristle near ventral

margin, 1 spinous dorsal bristle, spines forming

row on lateral surface in distodorsal corner, and 2

clusters of long spines proximally on dorsal margin

(spines form short row extending onto medial surface). 3rd joint: fused to 4th with, 2 short spinous

bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). 4th joint: 3 spinous

bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal). 5th joint: sensory

bristle bare with 2 short proximal filaments; row

of short lateral spines present near base of sensory

bristle. 6th joint: medial bristle short with few

marginal spines. 7th joint: a-bristle spinous, about

same length as bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle represented by minute bristle with broad base; c-bristle

bare, same length as sensory bristle. 8th joint: dand e-bristles bare with blunt tips, slightly shorter

than c-bristle; f-bristle with 1 or 2 short proximal

filaments, about same length as d-bristle; g-bristle

about same length as c-bristle, with 1 short proximal

filament; a minute spine at tips of sensory, c-, f-,

and g-bristles.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed (Figure 5$e): 1st joint short with 4 short

bristles; 2nd joint elongate with 3 short distal

bristles; end joint elongate with 2 short terminal

bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with short medial

bristle on terminal margin; bristles of joints 2-8

short, with abundant small teeth ventrally along

distal three-fourths; 9th joint with 5 short bristles,

length of bristles decreasing dorsally, the 2 ventrally located bristles of 9th joint with ventral teeth

distally, other bristles with few dorsal and ventral

spines or bare; joints 2-8 with short spines forming row along distal margin, no basal spines.

Mandible (Figure 53/): Coxale endite bifurcate

with stout distal teeth and proximal hairs. Basale:

medial surface with 6 proximal bristles (2 long with

short marginal spines, 2 short pectinate, 2 short

bare); lateral surface with 1 short bristle opposite

distal bristle of medial surface; dorsal margin

with 2 bristles near middle. Endopodite: 1st joint

with medial spines and 3 or 4 short ventral

bristles; 2nd joint with medial spines; dorsal margin with 3 spinous proximal bristles; ventral mar-
62

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 53.—Rutiderma tridens, new species, holotype, A-l male, USNM 152829, length 1.32 mm:

a, caudal process of left valve, inside view; b left 1st antenna, medial view; c, right 1st antenna,

lateral view; d, detail of tip of left 1st antenna, medial view; e, endopodite of right 2nd

antenna, medial view; /, left mandible, medial view.
NUMBER 250

63

gin with short subterminal bristle and terminal

claw; small bristle with stout base present medial to

terminal claw; ventral margin of claw with minute

node distally (node smaller on left limb); dorsal

margin with proximal toothlike process, large teeth

along broad proximal two-thirds, and minute teeth

along slender recurved distal part; 3rd joint with

large terminal claw with few teeth along ventral

margin, 3 short slender medial bristles, 2 slender

lateral bristles, and 1 slender lateral claw ventral

to main claw.

Maxilla (Figure 54a): 3 endites present, each

with stout pectinate bristles and slender spinous

bristles. Coxale with 1 short dorsal bristle. Basale

with 2 spinous marginal bristles, ventral of these

near exopodite. Exopodite represented by 2 short

spinous bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 «-

and 1 /3-bristle; end joint with 2 claws, 1 about half

size of other, and 4 bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 54b,c): Epipodial appendage

with 36 bristles. 3 endites present. Exopodite: main

tooth of 1st joint with 4 prongs (proximal 2 bare,

distal 2 with marginal teeth); short bristle present

proximal to proximal prong; slightly longer bristle

present near middle of distal margin; 2nd joint

with large squarish tooth with 3 stout prongs along

inner margin; posterior side of joint with short

slender bristle in outer distal corner of tooth and

2 bristles near proximal prong (bristle closest to

prong pectinate, other bristle spinous); 3rd joint

with 3 bristles on inner lobe and 2 on outer lobe;

fused 4th and 5th joints with total of 5 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 54d): Endite I with long

spinous terminal bristle and 2 short spinous medial

bristles; endite II with 2 terminal bristles; endite

III with 1 or 2 terminal bristles; endite IV with 1

terminal bristle; end joint with 6 bristles (2 anterior

with short marginal spines; 2 middle with long

proximal hairs and short distal spines, 2 posterior

with long hairs); 2 spinous bristles present in place

of epipodial appendage; long hairs on lateral sides

of endites I and II and on medial side near epipodial bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 54e): Proximal group with

3 or 4 tapered bristles (1 and 2 on each side), each

bristle with 1 bell and distal marginal spines; distal

group with 4 tapered bristles (2 on each side),

each bristle with 3 or 4 bells and distal marginal

spines; terminus with comb of 8 alate teeth opposite 2 recurved, spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 54/): Each lamella with 3 stout

claws followed by 3 secondary claws; claws 1 and 2

with short and long teeth forming lateral and medial row along posterior margins and few hairs

along anterior margins; long medial hairs present

proximally on claws 1 and 2; claw 3 with few

medial teeth near posterior margin; long hairs

present on lamella following claw 6; right lamella

with few long anterior hairs near base of claw 1.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 54g): Elongate, single

jointed, broadening near middle with tapered tip.

Eyes (Figure 54g): Lateral eye about same size as

medial eye, with about 7 small ommatidia; medial

eye tapering distally, with small amount of pigmentation, bare.

Upper Lip (Figure 54g): Rounded lobe.

Posterior of Body (Figure 54/i): Segment dorsal

to furca hirsute.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 54h): Broad, indistinct.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE FEMALE (A-l Instar?;

Figure 55).—Outline of carapace similar to that of

A-l male (Figure 55a); lateral ribs absent on specimen examined.

Ornamentation: Similar to that of A-l male.

Infold: Rostral infold with 3-5 long bristles

forming row paralleling anterodorsal margin (Figure 55b, c); anteroventral infold with 5 bristles

and 6 ribs paralleling margin; ventral infold bare;

posteroventral infold anterior to caudal process

with 8-10 short bristles; infold of caudal process

with "pocket"; anterior margin of pocket with 2

teeth along dorsal part, 1 short bristle between

teeth, 3 bristles forming row ventral to teeth (Figure 55b, c); anterior margin of pocket of right valve

with indistinct flat process near base of ventral

tooth (Figure 556); on left valve a similar process

near base of dorsal tooth (Figure 55c).

Selvage, Central Adductor Muscle Scars: Similar

to those of A-l male.

Size: "Grigore Antipa" 469, length 1.24 mm,

height 0.87 mm.

First Antenna: Similar lo that of A-l male except

without minute proximal filaments on f-bristle.

Second Antenna: Protopodite and exopodite similar to those of A-l male. Endopodite 1-jointed with

3 proximal anterior bristles (Figure 55d).
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 54.—Rutiderma tridens, new species, holotype, A-l male, USNM 152829: a, right maxilla,

lateral view; b, 2nd exopodial joint of right 5th limb, posterior view; c, distal part of left 5th

limb, posterior view; d, 6th limb; e, distal part of 7th limb; /, left lamella of furca; g, anterior

of body showing right lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and

upper lip (lower right); h, posterior of body showing Y-sclerite (anterior to right).

Mandible, Maxilla, 5th Limb, 6th Limb: Similar

to those of A-l male.

Seventh Limb: Proximal group with 4 tapered

bristles (2 on each side), each bristle with 1 bell

and distal marginal spines; distal group with 4

tapered bristles (2 on each side), each bristle with

3 bells and distal marginal spines; terminus with

comb of about 5 alate teeth opposite 2 recurved

spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 55a), Rod-Shaped Organ (Figure

55e), Upper Lip (Figure 55e), Posterior of Body:

Similar to those of A-l male.
NUMBER 250 65

FIGURE 55.—Rutiderma tridens, new species, paratype juvenile female (A-l instar?), "Grigore

Antipa" 469, length 1.24 mm: a, complete specimen showing central adductor muscle attachment scars and protruding furca; b, c, caudal process of right and left valves, inside views;

d, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; e, anterior of body showing medial eye and

rod-shaped organ, anterior process, and upper lip {lower right); f, right and left lateral eyes.

Eyes: Lateral eye about one-half size of medial

eye, with 5 small ommatidia (Figure 55/); medial

eye tapering distally, with light amber pigmentation, bare (Figure bbe).

COMPARISONS.—The new species Rutiderma tridens, differs from R. compressa Brady and Norman, 1896, in not having anterodorsal and ventral

ribs and riblets on the surfaces of the valves. The

carapace of R. tridens resembles that of the female

of R. compressa from South Africa illustrated by

Miiller (1908: pi. 7:1). Miiller's specimen has been

put into the synonomy of R. tridens with a question, because the 1st antenna illustrated by Mtiller

(1908: pi. 7:2) does not show a lateral bristle on

the 2nd joint, but this could be because the illustration is a medial view of the limb. The 1st, 3rd

and 4th endites of the 6th limb illustrated by

Mtiller (1908: pi. 7:12) have a different number
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

of bristles than do the same endites of the two

specimens of R. tridens described herein, but this

could be the result of intraspecific variability. Rutiderma tridens is easily separated from R. leloeuffi

by the absence of ribs on the anterior half of the

valves, and by having a smaller caudal process. Klie

(1940:406) did not describe the specimens from

Liideritz Bay, South-West Africa, that he identified

as R. compressa Brady and Norman; their identification should be verified. The carapace of R.

tridens differs from that of R. mollita Darby, 1965,

in having the caudal process projecting past the

posterior end of the shell (see Darby, 1965: pi. 15:

fig. 1).

Alternochelata Kornicker, 1958

This genus is represented in the collection by

one species, A. nealei, new species.

DISTRIBUTION.—The only previously known member of this genus is A. polychelata Kornicker, 1958,

which was described from the Great Bahama Bank

at depths of 1-5 m. The species in the present collection, A. nealei, was collected off Mauritania at

depths of 52-1100 m.

Key to the Species of Alternochelata

Carapace without distinct caudal process; each lamella of furca with main claws 1, 2, 3, 5

A. nealei, new species

Carapace with distinct caudal process; each lamella of furca with main claws, 1, 2, 4, 6

A. polychelata Kornicker

Alternochelata nealei, new species

FIGURES 56-59

HOLOTYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 293, female with

large unextruded eggs, length 1.18 mm, left valve

and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on 2 slides; right valve gold-plated.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X013.

ALLOTYPE.—"Grigore Antipa" 294, adult male,

length 1.27 mm; left valve and some appendages

in alcohol, remaining appendages on slide; left

valve gold-plated, in 2 parts; from same sample as

holotype.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. John

W. Neale.

PARATYPES.—USNM 154199, 1 ovigerous female

from station X048; USNM 156591, 1 specimen

from station A4b; USNM 156592, 13 specimens including 3 ovigerous females from station A6b;

USNM 156593, 15 specimens from station A7b;

USNM 156594, 1 specimen from station A8a;

USNM 156596, 1 adult male from station A6b;

USNM 156608, 2 specimens from station AlOb;

USNM 156620, 62 specimens from station X013;

"Grigore Antipa" 461, 38 specimens from station

X013; USNM 156621, 236 specimens from station

X015; USNM 156622, 136 specimens from station

X013; USNM 156628, 77 specimens from station

X068; USNM 156633, 3 specimens from station

X041; USNM 156637, 1 specimen from station

XO57;

X052;

X044;

X039;

USNM

USNM

USNM

USNM

156638,

156639,

156640,

156641,

156642,

specimens

specimens

specimen

specimen

specimen

from station

from station

from station

from station

X031 USNM from station

X005.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 56-58).—Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height near

middle of dorsal margin and greatest posterior extension near middle of posterior margin (Figures

56, 57a); rostrum rounded anteriorly and projecting ventrally only slightly over shallow but distinct

incisur; posterior evenly rounded, without projecting caudal process.

FIGURE 56.—Alternochelata nealei, new species, holotype,

adult female, "Grigore Antipe" 293, length 1.18 mm
NUMBER 250

67

FIGURE 57.—Alternochela nealei, new species, holotype, adult female, "Grigore Antipa" 293,

length 1.18 mm: a, complete specimen showing position of central adductor muscle attachments

(dashed); b, central adductor muscle attachment scars of left valve, outside view (anterior to

left); c, anterior of left valve, inside view; d, posterior of left valve, inside view; e, joints 1—4 of

left 1st antenna, lateral view; /, distal part, of right 1st antenna medial view; g, endopodite of

left 2nd antenna, medial view; h, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, lateral view; i, mandible; j ,

coxale endite and proximal bristles on ventral margin of basale of left mandible, lateral view;

k, 2nd endopodial joint of right mandible showing dorsal bristles, medial view (distal end of

joint towards lower left).
68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Ornamentation: Surface with large round fossae

within weak reticulations (Figure 56); no ribs; lateral surface, anterior, ventral, and posterior margins with long and short hairs broadening near

base.

Infold (Figure 57c, d): Broad along anterior, ventral, and posteroventral margins; infold on rostrum

with 7 feathered bristles forming row paralleling

anterior margin (Figure 56 c); 1 long bristle at

middle of upper margin of incisur, and 1 short

bristle at inner end of incisur; broad part of anteroventral infold with 6 parallel ridges proximal to

thin list bearing 8 bristles; 1 bristle present on infold between ridges and incisur; middle part of

ventral infold bare; posteroventral and posterior

infold with row formed of 10 or 11 clusters consisting of single or paired bristles (Figure 57d).

Selvage (Figure 56,57c): Fringed lamellar prolongation present along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins.

Central Muscle Attachment Scars (Figure 57&):

Consisting of about 20 individual scars.

Size: "Grigore Antipa" 293, length 1.18 mm,

height 0.85 mm; USNM 156592, 3 specimens:

length 1.20 mm, height 0.83 mm; length 1.21 mm,

height 0.86 mm; length 1.25 mm, height 0.88 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 57e,/): 1st joint: long

hairs on medial surface and short spines along ventral margin. 2nd joint: 3 bristles with faint marginal spines (1 lateral, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal); spines

forming clusters along dorsal margin, on medial

surface near dorsal and ventral margins, and near

distal end of lateral surface. 3rd joint: short with

2 spinous bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal); spines forming clusters along dorsal margin and on medial

surface near dorsal margin; lateral side of 3rd joint

about twice length of medial side. 4th joint: distinctly separated by suture from 3rd joint, with 4

spinous bristles (3 ventral, 1 dorsal; ventral bristles

with long and short spines, dorsal bristle with short

spines); spines forming clusters along ventral and

dorsal margins and on lateral surface near ventral

margin. 5th joint: spines forming clusters along

dorsal margin and on lateral surface at distal margin; sensory filament with 1 short proximal filament (not shown in Figure 57/) and bifurcate tip

(not shown in Figure 57/); 6th joint; very short;

medial bristle short with marginal spines. 7th

joint: a-bristle about same length as bristle on 6th

joint, with short marginal spines; b-bristle bare,

about one-third longer than a-bristle; c-bristle with

1 short proximal filament (not shown in Figure

57/) and bifurcate tip, same length as sensory

bristle of 5th joint. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare

with fused base and blunt tips, same length as

c-bristle; f-bristle without proximal filament but

with bifurcate tip (not shown in Figure 57/),

slightly shorter than c-bristle; g-bristle with 1 short

proximal filament (not shown in Figure 57/) and

bifurcate tip (not shown in Figure 57/), same length

as c-bristle.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

2-jointed (Figure blg,h): 1st joint with 5 small

bare bristles; 2nd joint elongate with rounded tip

and long subterminal bristle with short marginal

spines. Exopodite: 1st joint with short medial spine

on distal margin; joints 2-8 with short spines forming row along distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint

bare, reaching 9th joint; bristles of joints 3-5 bare

with pointed tips; bristles of joints 6-8 and 4 long

bristles of 9th joint broken, with natatory hairs

on stumps; 9th joint, in addition to 4 long broken

bristles, with 3 short spinous bristles at dorsal

corner.

Mandible (Figures bli-k, bla-d): Coxale endite

bifurcate, with secondary teeth and long spines;

minute peg present in valley between main spines

(Figure 57;). Basale: proximal ventral group with 1

long bristle with short marginal spines and 3 short

bristles, 2 of these pectinate; 2 equal length bristles

with marginal spines present on ventral margin

distal to middle; dorsal margin with short midbristle with short marginal spines and 2 subterminal bristles, shorter of these with short marginal

spines, other with long proximal and short distal

spines. Exopodite absent. Endopodite (Figures

57a,d, 58a-d): 1st joint with 2 short ventral bristles

and spines forming rows on medial surface; 2nd

joint with spines forming rows on medial surface;

dorsal margin with 5 or 6 bristles (4 in vicinity of

middle, 1 or 2 proximal to middle (Figure 57i, k));

ventral margin with stout terminal claw with serrated inner margin, but without proximal inner

tooth (Figure 58a, b); tip of claw distal to serrations fingerlike (Figure 58d); 2 small ventral bristles

and small spade-shaped sclerotized medial process

present near base of claw (Figure 586); 3rd joint

with 2 large claws (Figure 58a): inner claw with
NUMBER 250 69

FICURE 58.—Allernochelata nealei, new species, holotype, adult female, "Grigore Antipa" 293:

a, distal end of mandible (not all bristles shown); b, distal end of right mandible showing 2nd

and 3rd endopodial joints of right mandible, medial view, (distal end of claws of 3rd joint not

shown); c, claws of 3rd endopodial joint of right mandible, medial view; d, tip of claw of 3rd

endopodial joint of left mandible, lateral view; e, exopodite and endite III of left maxilla,

lateral view; /, distal end of left 5th limb, posterior view; g, distal end of right 5th limb,

anterior view; h, upper lip and esophagus (dashed line, anterior to right); i, posterior of body

with 2 posterior claws of right lamella of furca at bottom; /, 6th limb; k, distal part of 7th

limb; /, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; m, right lamella or furca.
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

large distal and small proximal teeth along ventral

margin: outer claw with minute teeth along ventral margin and without distodorsal node; lateral

surface with 2 short bristles with long marginal

hairs present ventral to bases of claws; 3 short

bristles present medial to bases of claws.

Maxilla (Figure 58e): Precoxale and coxale with

fringed epipodial appendage; coxale with 1 distoanterior bristle with short marginal spines. Endite

I with 5 stout pectinate bristles and 2 slender

bristles with long proximal and short distal spines;

endite II with 2 stout pectinate bristles and 2 slender spinous bristles; endite III with 3 stout pectinate bristles (not all shown in Figure 58e), 1 or 2

slender spinous bristles, and 1 proximal lateral

bristle with short spines. Basale with 1 slender

distoanterior bristle with short marginal spines, 1

distoposterior bristle near exopodite, and 1 short

spinous bristle near middle of medial margin (the

latter 2 bristles could be on 1st endopodite joint).

Exopodite short with 3 bristles (Figure 58e). Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 «- and 1 /?-bristle, both

with short marginal spines; dorsal margin of joint

with short spines; 2nd joint with 2 stout pectinate

clawlike bristles, 2 a-bristles with short marginal

spines, and 3 terminal bristles, some pectinate.

Fifth Limb (Figure 58f,g): Epipodial appendage

with 47 bristles. Endite I with 2 spinous bristles

and short triangular process; endite II with 3 spinous bristles and short triangular process; endite

III with about 4 spinous and pectinate bristles and

short triangular process. Exopodite: first joint with

main tooth consisting of 3 large prongs, proximal

of these with 1 small marginal tooth, middle prong

with 3 marginal teeth, distal prong with 2 marginal

teeth; small node may be present near proximal

prong; short bristle present near node; middle of

anterior margin of joint with 1 spinous bristle;

inner end of joint anterior to main tooth forming

sclerotized triangular tooth. Second joint with large

triangular tooth with 3 prongs, each prong with 2

marginal teeth; outer edge of triangular tooth with

small hirsute bristle near rounded end; posterior

side of joint with 1 proximal bristle near inner

margin and distal to this, a pair of bristles; 3rd

joint with 3 bristles on inner lobe and 2 on outer

lobe, the latter hirsute; 4th and 5th joint fused,

with 3 or 4 terminal bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 58;): 2 plumose bristles in

place of epipodial appendage; endite I with 3 short

spinous bristles (2 stout with long spines, 1 slender

with short spines); endite II with 3 bristles, 2 long,

1 short, all with long proximal and short distal

spines; endite III with 3 bristles, middle bristle

longer than others, all with long proximal and

short distal spines; 4th endite with 2 long bristles

with long proximal and short distal spines; end

joint with anterior part with 3 slender ventral

bristles with long proximal and short distal spines,

and posterior part with 4 stout plumose bristles

separated by marginal indentations; lateral and

medial surfaces of endites II to IV and end joint

hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 58A): Terminal comb with

about 11 alate teeth with small teeth near bases

opposing 2 bare recurved pegs; each limb with 10

bristles, 4 in proximal group (2 on each side), and

6 in terminal group (3 on each side); each bristle

with 2 to 5 bells and distal marginal spines.

Furca (Figure 58m): Each lamella with 3 strong

main claws followed by 1 short secondary claw, 1

short main claw, and 5 short secondary claws; long

hairs present medially at bases of main claws and

following secondary claws; claw 1 with teeth forming medial and lateral row; other main claws with

teeth forming 1 or 2 rows; secondary claws between

main claws 3 and 5 with spines forming row along

each margin; posterior 5 secondary claws with few

marginal spines.

Rod-shaped Organ: Elongate, 1-jointed with widened middle section; faint spines present on broad

middle section and proximal half of elongate distal

section, tip rounded (Figure 58/).

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent; medial eye pigmented,

bare (Figure 58/).

Upper Lip (Figure 5Sh): Small, rounded.

Posterior (Figure 58i): Clusters of long hairs present near middle of dorsal margin.

Y-Sclerite: Linear with short upturned distal

end, without ventral branch.

E

gg

s: "Grigore Antipa" 293, with 2 or 3 large

unextruded eggs.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figure 59).—Carapace more elongate than that of female (Figure

59a); lower margin of rostrum forming almost right

angle with anterior margin of valve to form incisur

more open than that of female carapace.

Ornamentation: Surface fossae similar to those of
NUMBER 250 71

n

FIGURE 59.—Alternochelata nealei, new species, allotype, adult male, "Grigore Antipa" 294,

length 1.27 mm: a, complete specimen showing position of central adductor muscle attachments

and lateral eye (dotted circles); b, c, proximal and distal ends of 1st antenna (not all spines

shown on bristles); d, joints 5-9 of exopodite of right 2nd antenna showing basal spines, lateral

view; e, distal three-fourths of 3rd joint of endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; /,

distal end of mandible; g, parts of coxale an basale of right mandible showing coxale endite,

medial view; h, right maxilla showing exopodite and endopodite, lateral view (not all endopodial bristles shown); i, distal end of 5th limb, short bristles on endite III not shown; ;',

anterior of body showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ, upper lip (lower left) and esophagus

(dashed double line); k, left lateral eye; /, m, copulatory organ; n, Y-sclerite (anterior to left).
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

female; long hairs present along anterior, ventral,

and posterior margins, and on posterior valve surface.

Infold, Selvage, Central Muscle Attachment

Scars: Similar to those of female.

Size: USNM 149317, length 1.27 mm, height 1.00

mm; USNM 156596, length 1.38 mm, height 0.81

mm.

First Antenna (Figure 59b,c): 1st joint: spines

forming clusters on distal part of medial surface.

2nd joint: abundant clusters of spines on medial

and lateral surfaces, joint otherwise similar to that

of female. 3rd joint: spines forming 3 clusters

across middle of ventral margin, limb otherwise

similar to that of female. 4th joint: distinctly separated from 3rd, with 5 bristles (4 ventral, some

with long proximal and short distal spines, 1 dorsal

with long proximal and short distal spines); ventral

and dorsal margins, medial surface, and dorsal part

of lateral surface with spines forming clusters. 5th

joint: small, triangular, inset between ventral parts

of 4th and 6th joints; sensory bristle with broad

proximal part almost reaching distal end of 6th

limb and bearing about 33 filaments and stout

terminal bristle with bifurcate tip. 6th joint: short

spinous lateral bristle near dorsal margin reaching

past end of limb. 7th joint: a-bristle slightly shorter

than bristle of 6th joint and with short marginal

spines; b-bristle stout, about 3 times length of

a-bristle, with 3 short filaments near middle; cbristle long, reflexed, with 12 marginal filaments.

8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare, longer than bbristle; f-bristle similar to c-bristle but shorter,

with 8 marginal filaments (f-bristle not shown in

Figure 59c); g-bristle slightly longer than d-bristle,

with 1-2 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip.

Second Antenna: Protopodite bare. Endopodite

3-jointed; 1st joint with 6 small bristles (5 proximal, 1 distal); 2nd joint elongate with 2 long

ventral bristles just proximal to middle; 3rd joint

elongate, reflexed with 2 short subterminal bristles

(Figure 59e); central part of 3rd joint with 10-13

small toothlike processes. Exopodite (Figure 59d):

1st joint with short medial spine on terminal

margin and numerous spines forming clusters distally; 2nd joint short; 3rd joint about 3 times

length of 2nd; joints 4-9 smaller than 2nd joint;

joints 2-8 with spines forming row along distal

margin and 1-3 (usually 1) small basal spine at

base of bristle; bristle of 2nd joint bare, pointed,

reaching 8th joint; bristles of joints 3-8 with natatory hairs and pointed tip; 9th joint with 6 bristles

(4 long pointed, with natatory hairs, 2 very short

with marginal spines); 9th joint without lateral

spine.

Mandible (Figure 59/,g).—Coxale endite represented by small triangular process (Figure 59g); 2

smaller processes present adjacent to endite (Figure

59g). Basale: medial side near ventral margin with

6 proximal spinous bristles (2 long, 1 medium, 3

short), and 2 long spinous bristles distal to middle;

dorsal margin with 1 short spinous midbristle and

2 longer spinous subterminal bristles (not all shown

in Figure 59/); medial surface and dorsal margin

with spines forming clusters. Exopodite appears

fused to lateral side of 1st endopodite joint at

dorsal margin and is full length of joint. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 spinous ventral bristles and

numerous medial spines forming short rows; 2nd

joint with spines forming short rows on medial

surface; dorsal margin with 7 spinous bristles (not

all shown in Figure 59/); ventral margin with

bristles forming 2 distal groups: proximal group

with 2 bristles, distal group 4 spinous bristles; 3rd

joint with 2 lateral claws with spines along ventral

margin (inner claw about two-thirds length of

outer claw), and 5 shorter spinous medial bristles

(all bristles not shown in Figure 59/).

Maxilla (Figure 59h): Precoxale and coxale with

fringed epipodial appendage; coxale with 1 stout

distoanterior (dorsal) bristle with long marginal

spines. Endite I with 1 proximal ventral bristle and

5 terminal bristles; endite II with about 6 terminal

bristles; endite III with about 7 terminal bristles.

Basale with 1 distoanterior (dorsal) bristle and 1

short medial bristle near middle of distal margin

(this could be on proximal part of endite III).

Exopodite short with 3 subequal spinous bristles

(Figure 59/2). Endopodite: 1st joint hirsute with 1 «-

and 1 /?-bristle; 2nd joint with 8 bristles (2 slightly

longer than others and stouter).

Fifth Limb (Figure 59i): Epipodial appendage

with 48 bristles. Endite I with 2 short bristles;

endite II with 2 or 3 short spinous bristles; endite

III with 1 stout bristle with long proximal hairs

and short distal spines, and 3 or 4 short slender

bristles with short marginal spines. Exopodite: 1st

joint with 1 short proximal bristle and 2 or 3 un-
NUMBER 250 73

segmented terminal bristles; 2nd joint with 6

bristles; 3rd joint with 2 bristles (1 of these unsegmented with marginal spines, other segmented) on

inner lobe and 2 long stout hirsute bristles on

outer lobe; 4th and 5th joint fused, with 4 bristles;

outer lobe of 3rd joint and joints 4 and 5 hirsute.

Sixth Limb: Similar to that of female except

only 2 bristles on endite I, both with long spines;

endite IV of one limb with 1 single bristle and 1

double bristle with fused proximal part.

Seventh Limb: Terminal comb with 11-13 alate

teeth with small teeth near bases opposing 2 short

pegs (1 of these may have marginal spines); each

limb with 8 bristles (4 in both proximal and terminal groups, 2 on each side); each bristle with 1-3

bells and distal marginal spines.

Furca: Similar to that of female.

Rod-shaped Organ: Longer than that of female

and not as wide in middle part (Figure 59;); marginal spines not observed with magnification of

X 200; tip rounded as on that of female.

Eyes: Lateral eyes well developed with about 14

ommatidia (Figure 59ft); medial eye pigmented,

bare, smaller than lateral eye (Figure 59;").

Upper Lip (Figure 59;): Similar to that of female.

Posterior: Bare.

Copulatory Organ (Figure 59/,m): Each limb

consisting of 2 short lobes with 1 or 2 small bristles.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 59n): Without ventral branch.

COMPARISONS.—The new species, A. nealei, differs

from A. polychelata Kornicker, 1958, in not having

a distinct caudal process on the carapace. Also, the

main claws of the furca are claws 1-3, 5 on ^.

nealei, and claws 1, 2, 4, 6 on A. polychelata.

REMARKS.—The females of many species of the

family Philomedidae eat or break off the tips of

many bristles on the exopodites of the 2nd antennae after mating (see "Discussion" in Kornicker,

1975a:76). Without these bristles, they are no

longer capable of swimming to the surface to mate.

The adult female of many specimens of the new

species, A. nealei, had broken bristles on the exopodite of the 2nd antenna. Previously, this has

been reported only in the Philomedidae.
Literature Cited

Brady, G. S.

1869. Entomostraces. Pages 138-141 in chapter 28 (Rade

de Saint-Vincent du Cap-Vert (supplement)) in

volume 1 of A.G.L. de Folin and L. Pckier, Les

Fonds de la Mer. Plate 18. Paris.

1884. Les Crustac&Ostracodes des Expeditions du Travailleur et du Talisman de 1881 a 1883. Pages 164-

166 in part 3 in volume 4 of A.G.L. de Folin and

L. Pe>ier, Les Fonds de la Mer. Paris.

1887. Les Ostracodes nouveaux des explorations du Travailleur et du Talisman. Pages 194-200 in part 3 in

volume 4 of A.G.L. de Folin and L. P£rier, Les

Fonds de la Mer. Plate 15: figs. 8, 9.

1911. Notes on Marine Ostracoda from Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 27:595-601,

plates 20-22.

Brady, G. S., and A. M. Norman

1896. A Monograph of the Marine and Freshwater Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and of North-Western

Europe. The Scientific Transactions of the Royal

Dublin Society, series 2, 5:621-784, plates 50-68.

Briggs, John C.

1974. Marine Zoogeography. 475 pages. New York:

McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Cushman, Joseph A.

1906. Marine Ostracoda of Vineyard Sound and Adjacent

Waters. Boston Society of Natural History Proceedings, 32:359-386, 38 plates.

Darby, D. G.

1965. Ecology and Taxonomy of Ostracoda in the Vicinity

of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Report number 2 in R.

V. Kesling, editor, Four Reports of Ostracod Investigations. 77 pages, 11 figures, 33 plates. Ann Arbor:

University of Michigan.

Ekman, Sven

1953. Zoogeography of the Sea. 417 pages. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, Ltd.

Hartmann, Gerd

1974. Die Ostracoden des untersuchungsgebiets. Part 3 in

Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der afrikanischen

Westkiiste zwischen Angola und Kap der Guten

Hoffnung und der afrikanischen Ostkiiste von

Siidafrika und Mocambique unter besondere Berucksichtigung der Polychaeten imd Ostracoden. Mitteilungcn aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 69:229-520, 151 figures.

Hughes, Gilbert C.

1974. Geographical Distribution of the Higher Marine

Fungi. Veroffentlichungen Institut fur Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, supplement 5:419-441.

Klie, Walter

1940. Beitrage zur Fauna der Eulitorals von DeutschSiidwest-Afrika, II: Ostracoden von der Kiiste

Deutsch-Siidwest-Afrikas. Kieler Meeresforschungen,

3(2):404-448, 91 figures.

Kornicker, Louis S.

1958. Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank.

Publications of the Institute of Marine Science (The

University of Texas), 5:194-300, 89 figures.

1967. A Study of Three Species of Sarsiella (Ostracoda:

Myodocopa). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 122(3594): 1-46, 19 figures, 4 plates.

1969a. Morphology, Ontogeny, and Intraspecific Variation

of Spinacopia, a New Genus of Myodocopid Ostracod (Sarsiellidae). Smithsonian Contributions to

Zoology, 8:1-50, 26 figures, 6 plates.

1969b. Station Data on Ostracoda Collected by the

"Travailleur" and "Talisman" 47 (1881-1883). Crustaceana, 16(1): 111-112, tables 1, 2.

1974. Revision of the Cypridinacea of the Gulf of Naples

(Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

178:1-64, 26 figures.

1975a. Antarctic Ostracoda (Myodocopina). Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, 163:1-720, 432 figures, 9

plates.

1975b. Ivory Coast Ostracoda (Suborder Myodocopina).

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 197:1—46, 32

figures.

1976a. Myodocopid Ostracoda from Southern Africa. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 214:1-39, 24 figures.

1976b. Benthic Marine Cypridinacea from Hawaii (Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 231:

1-24, 19 figures, 1 table.

Kornicker, Louis S., and Francisca Elena Caraion

1974. West African Myodocopid Ostracoda (Cylindroleberididae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

179:1-78, 43 figures.

1977. West African Myodocopid Ostracoda (Cypridinidae,

Philomedidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 241:1-100, 52 figures, 28 plates, 1 table.

Kornicker, Louis S., and K. G. McKenzie

1976. Redescription of Eurypylus petrosus Brady, 1869,

and a Key to the Genera of Sarsiellidae (Myodocopina: Ostracoda). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89(27): 347-352, 1 figure.

Miiller, G. W.

1894. Die Ostracoden des Golfes von Neapel und der

angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora

des Golfes von Neapel, 21: 404 pages, 40 plates.

74
NUMBER 250 75

1908. Die Ostracoden. Pages 52-178 in part 2 of volume

10 in Deutsche Siidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903.

Plates 4-12.

Norman, A. M.

1869. Shetland Final Dredging Report, Part II: On the

Crustacea, Tunicata, Polyzoa, Echinodermata, Actinozoa, Hydrozoa, and Porifera. Pages 247-336 in

Report of the Thirty-Eighth Meeting of the British

Association for the Advancement of Science.

Poulsen, E. M.

1965. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, 2: Cypridiniformes-Rutidermatidae, Sarsiellidae and Asteropidae. Dana Report,

65: 484 pages, 156 figures.

Rome, Dom. R.

1942. Ostracodes inarms des environs de Monaco. Bulletin

de Institut de I'Institut Oceanographique de

Monaco, 819:1-31, 7 figures.

Sars, G. O.

1888. Nye Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middlehavets Invertebratfauna, 4: Ostracoda Mediterranea. Archiv

for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 12:173-324,

plates 1-20.

Scott, Andrew

1905. Report on the Ostracoda Collected by Professor

Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. Pages 365-384 in Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Supplementary Reports.

2 plates.

Scott, Thomas

1894. Report on Entomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea,

collected by John Rattray, B.Sc. Transactions of the

Linnean Society, series 2, 6:1-161, 15 plates.

1902. Notes on Gatherings of Crustacea Collected by the

Fishery Steamer "Garland," and the Steam Trawlers

"Star of Peace" and "Star of Hope," of Aberdeen,

during the Year 1901. Twentieth Annual Report of

the Fishery Board for Scotland, 20:447-485, plates

1-25.
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE l.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, adult female, USNM 156627, length 1.13 mm, left valve

(distorted), lateral view: a, complete valve, dark oval areas are concretions, X 90; b, concretions

in a, x 210; c, fossae and pits in upper concretion in b, X 1500; d, fossa in middle of c, X 3700;

e, digitate processes in fossa in d, x 10,500; /, detail of e, x 15,000. (Micrographs reduced to

77%.)
NUMBER 250 77

PLATE 2.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, adult female, USNM 156627, length 1.13 mm, left valve:

a, long bristle and pits in concretion near caudal process, lateral view, x 4100; b, bristle on

infold of caudal process shown in /, x 4400; c, middle part of bristle in b showing pore,

X 15,000; d, bristles along anteroventral margin, from Plate la, X 1100; e, papillae on bristle

in d (may be foreign growth), X 10,500; /, caudal process, medial view, X 500. (Micrographs

reduced to 76%.)
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 3.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, adult male, USNM 156625, length 121 mm, left valve,

slightly distorted, lateral view: a, complete valve, dark oval near rostrum is concretion, small

dark spots near middle represent position of some of the central adductor muscles, X 75; b,

rostrum from a, X 400; c, caudal process from a, X 400; d, long bristle and surface pits near

valve middle, x 7500; e, fossa, X 3800; /, digitate processes in fossae in e, x 20,000. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 250 79

PLATE 4.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, adult male, USNM 156625, length 1.21 mm, left valve

(slightly distorted), medial view: a, complete valve, X 75; b, 2 bristles on inner margin of

infold of caudal process, X 6200; c, bristle near middle of caudal process, X 6200; d, 2 setose

bristles on infold dorsal to caudal process, X 2200; e, distal end of bristles in d, X 10,000; /,

lamellar prolongation of selvage along edge of rostrum, X 10,000. (Micrographs reduced to

77%.)
80

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 5.—Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, A-l male, USNM 153928, length 1.24 mm, left valve,

lateral view: a, complete valve, X 75; b, dorsal view, X 85; c, anterior view, X 85; d, fossae,

long bristle, and spines projecting through gelatinous substance coating valve, from near middle

of a, x 410; e, fossae and spines in d, x 2150; /, spines and gelatinous substance (dried), from

upper right of d, x 2100. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 250 81

PLATE 6.—Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, A-l male, USNM 153928, length 1.24 mm, left valve,

lateral view: a, spines along upper rib in Plate ba, X 2150; b, caudal process, from Plate ba,

X 420; c, spines and gelatinous substance along posterior margin of caudal process, from b,

X 4000; d, spine projecting through gelatinous substance, X 8000; e, tip of caudal process, from

b, X 3000; /, short spines in Plate be, gelatinous substance (dried) coating tips, X 10,500.

(Micrographs reduced to 75%.)
82

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 7.—Sarsiella neapolis Kornicker, A-l male, USNM 153928, length 1.24 mm, left valve,

central adductor muscles: a, posterior view of muscles, x 200; b, middle part of muscle bundle,

from a, x 500; c, muscles attached to left valve, dorsal oblique view, x 500; d, detail from c,

X 1900; e, dorsal oblique view of muscle bundle, X 185. (Micrographs reduced to 78%.)
NUMBER 250 83

PLATE 8.—Sarsiella anommata, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 141559, length 1.40

mm, left valve, lateral view: a, complete valve, dorsal margin folded back, x 75; b, bristle,

fossae and minute pits on anteroventral part of valve, X 870; c, fossae and pits near middle of

valve, X 1000; d, e, fossae in c, X 4400; /, fossa near middle of valve, from a, X 4400. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
84

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 9.—Sarsiella africaua, new species, holotype, adult female, "Grigore Antipa" 295, length

1.67 mm, left valve, outside view: a complete valve, X 44; b, dorsal view, x 50; c, anterior

view, x 44; d, hirsute process on valve, X 500; e, hairs near valve middle, X 500; /, caudal

process, x 200. (Micrographs reduced to 78%.)
NUMBER 250 85

PLATE 10.—Sarsiella africana new species, holotype, adult female, "Grigore Antipa" 295, length

1.67 mm, left valve: a, hairs on caudal process, from Plate 9/, lateral view, x 1000; b, selvage

and hairs along ventral margin, from e medial view, X 2000; c, tips of hairs in b, X 10,000; d,

tip of hair, X 10,000; e, complete valve, medial view, X 50; /, caudal process, medial view,

X 200. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
86

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 11.—Sarsiella africana, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 139847, length 1.81

mm, left valve, lateral view: a, complete valve, x 45; b, dorsal view, anterior to right; c, hirsute

process on valve (dried gelatinous substance coating valve), X 490; d, caudal process, X 200;

e, detail from d, x 1000; /, hairs on e, x 50O0. (Micrographs reduced to 78%.)
NUMBER 250 87

PLATE 12.—Sarsiella ocula, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 156624, length 1.98 mm,

right valve, outside view, stereo pairs: a, lateral view, x 40; b, anterior view, x 44; c, posterior

view, x 44. (Micrographs reduced to 58%.)
88

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 13.—Sarsiella ocula new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 156624, length 1.98 mm,

right valve outside view: a, dorsal view, stereo pair, x 44; b, dorsal view of anterior end of

valve, x 105; c, caudal process, X 150; d, fossae and spines near middle of valve in vicinity of

central adductor muscle, x 150; e, fossae and spines in d, x 650. (Micrographs reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 250 89

PLATE 14.—Sarsiella ocula, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 156624, length 1.98 mm,

right valve, outside view: a, posterior spinous process, from Plate 13a, dorsal view, x 500; b,

posterior spinous process, from plate \2a, lateral view, X 500; c, 3rd spinous process in dorsal

row, from Plate 12a, lateral view, X 400; d, detail of spines, from Plate lie, x 2500; e, f, tips

of spines in d, x 12,500. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
90

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 15.—Sarsiella ocula, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 156624, length 1.98 mm,

right valve, outside view: a, anterodorsal part of valve, lateral view (long bristle is not double),

X 350; b, base of long bristle in right part of a, X 5000; c, proximal part of long bristle in

middle of left part of a, x 1000; d, edge of posterior spinous process shown in Plate 14b,

X 1700; e, distal ends of 2 spines shown in d, x 3400; /, tip of spine shown in e, X 12500.

(Micrographs reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 250 91

PLATE 16.—Sarsiella ocula, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 156624, length 1.98 mm,

medial view: a, complete valve, X 44; b, caudal process, X 200; c, 2 setose bristles dorsal to

caudal process, X 1200; d, detail of setose bristles, from c, X 3500; e, proximal part of lower

setose bristle emerging from open pore, from d, x 10,000; /, bristle of caudal process, from

b, X 3200. (Micrographs reduced to 7?%.)
92

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 17.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 156687, length 1.33

mm, right valve, outside view, stereo pairs: a, lateral view, x 50; b, dorsal view, x 65; c,

oblique ventral view, x 65. (Micrographs reduced to 73%.)
NUMBER 250 93

PLATE 18.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 156687, length 1.33

mm, right valve, outside view, stereo pairs: a, posterior view, x 65; b, anterior view, x 75; c,

ventral view of ventral margin, x 165. (Micrographs reduced to 58%.)
94

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 19.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype. adult female, USNM 156687, length 1.33

mm, right valve, outside view: a, caudal process from Plate 17a, X 400; b, fossae near middle

of valve in vicinity of central adductor muscle, from Plate 17«, X 200; c, fossae and spines in b,

X 1000; d, edge of valve along anterior margin, from Plate 18b, X 750; e, lamellar prolongation

of selvage along anterior margin, from d, X 2000; /, fossae, long bristles, and spinous process

on anterior part of valve, from Plate 17a, x 500. (Micrographs reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 250 95

1 1

I l

1 ^^

c

e

Km

PLATE 20.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 156687, length 1.35

mm, right valve, outside view: a, short spine and base of long bristle in vicinity of caudal

process, lateral view, from Plate 19a, X 8000; b, base of long bristle near ventral margin, from

Plate 19d, X 6500; c, tip of spine on caudal process, from Plate 19a, x 20,000; d, minute process

forming row along anterior margin near valve edge, from Plate 19e, X 20,000; e, short spine

near anterior margin, from upper left of Plate 19e, X 20,000; /, spines along edge of middle

fossa shown in Plate 19c, x 10,000. (Micrographs reduced to 74%.)
96

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 21.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult male, USNM 156652, length 1.32 mm,

left valve, outside view: a, lateral view x 65; b, dorsal view, X 65; c, anterior view, X 80; d,

rostrum, lateral view, x 240; e, posterodorsal corner of valve, lateral view, X 240; /, dorsal

view near valve middle, from b, x 225. (Micrographs reduced to 78%.)
NUMBER 250

97

PLATE 22.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult male, USNM 156652, left valve, length

1.32 mm: a. fossae and spines in vicinity of central adductor muscles, from Plate 21a, X 260;

b, fossae and spines in a, X 1000; c, spines in b, X 7500; d, tips of spines in c, X 20,000; e,

anterior part of dorsal ridge near rostrum, from Plate 21a, X 1000; /, complete valve, medial

view, x 65. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 23.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult male, USNM 156652, length 1.32 mm,

left valve: a, anterior part of valve, medial view, x 200; b, caudal process, medial view, x 260;

c, posterior margin, from Plate 22/, X 2450; d, spines in c, X 6000; e, tip of spine in d,

X 25,000; /, bristle on infold of caudal process, from b, x 2800. (Micrographs reduced to 78%.)
NUMBER 250 99

PLATE 24.—Sarsiella gomoiui, new species, paratype, adult male, USNM 156652, length 1.32 mm,

central adductor muscles: a, anterior view of muscle bundle, X 240; b, attachment of single

muscle to left valve, X 2800; c, muscle endings, x 650; d, end of single muscle in c, X 3200; e,

structure of end of muscle shown in d, X 10,000; /, attachment of single muscle to left valve,

X 2800. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
100

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 25.—Sarsiella rudescui, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 141558, length 1.38

mm, left valve, outside view: a, complete valve, lateral view, X 65; b, dorsal view (anterior to

right), x 70; c, spines forming upper ridge, from a, X 650; d, spines in c, x 2700; e, tips of

spines in d, X 9500; /, caudal process, from a, X 950. {Micrographs reduced to 78%.)
NUMBER 250 101

PLATE 26.—Sarsiella rudescui, new species, holotype, adult female, USNM 141558, length 1.38

mm, left valve, inside view: a, complete valve, X 67; b, caudal process, x 480; c, spines along

posterior margin, from a, X 3200; d, remnants of central adductor muscles, from a, x 675.

(Micrographs reduced to 78%.)
102

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 27.—Junctichela margalefi, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 141268, length

1.56 mm, right valve, lateral view: a, fossae and short bristles near valve middle in vicinity of

central adductor muscles, X 200; b, short bristles and fossae in a, X 1000; c, bristles in b,

X 2000; d, dried gelatinous substance bridging fossa, from a, X 2000; e, bristles from c,

X 10,000; /, section through shell showing short bristles covered by dried gelatinous substance,

from crack in shell, X 2200. (Micrographs reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 250 103

f

PLATE 28.—Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, A-l male, USNM 156597, length 1.59 mm, right

valve, outside view: a, complete valve (somewhat distorted), lateral view, X 60; b, dorsal view

(anterior to left), X 60; c, anterior view, X 80; d, anterior showing rostrum and incisur, from a,

X 200; e, caudal process, from a, X 300; /, lamellar prolongation of selvage, from e, X 3000.

(Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
104

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 29.—Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, A-l male, USNM 156597, length 1.59 mm, right

valve: a, bristle at tip of caudal process, from Plate 28e, X 4100; b, bristle and pustules on

anterodorsal part of valve, from Plate 28a, x 2100; c, fossae in vicinity of central adductor

muscles, from Plate 28a, x 525; d, fossa in c, X 2100; e, base of long bristle on anterodorsal

part of valve, from Plate 28a, X 6000; /, attached fragment of central adductor muscle on inside

of right valve, x 2835. (Micrographs reduced to 75%.)
NUMBER 250 105

PLATE 3O.—Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, A-l male, USNM 156597, length 1.59 mm, right

valve, medial view: a, anterior of valve, X 275; b, caudal process, x 500; c, lamellar prolongation of selvage at tip of caudal process showing indentation, and bristle on edge of valve,

X 5000; d, bristle on infold of rostrum, from a, x 6825. Lateral view: e, pustules in Plate 29d,

X 10,500. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE Sl.—Rutiderma irrostratum, new species, paratype, adult female, USNM 150106, length

1.50 mm, left valve lateral view: a, complete valve, x 68; b, anterior, from a, x 290; c, fossa

from b, X 1500; d, fossae from anterodorsal part of valve, from a, x 2000; e, pustules on bottom of fossae shown in c, x 5000; /, base of long bristle near dorsal margin of valve, from a,

X 5600. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
NUMBER 250 107

PLATE 32-—Rutiderma tridens, new species, holotype, A-l male, USNM 152829, length 1.32 mm,

right valve, lateral view: a, complete valve (somewhat distorted, especially in vicinity of caudal

process), X 65; b, anterior, from a, X 230; c, lamellar prolongation of selvage in vicinity of

incisur, from b, X 1500; d, fossae in posteroventral part of valve, X 650; e, fossa in middle of

d, X 2850; short bristle in lower right of d, X 4200. (Micrographs reduced to 77%.)
108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

PLATE 33.—Rutiderma tridens, new species, holotype, A-l male, USNM 152829, length 1.32 mm,

right valve, lateral view: a, base of long bristle near inner end of incisur from Plate 326,

X 4620; b, minute pustules and part of base of bristle shown in a, X 15,200; c. pores and bristle

near inner end of incisur, from Plate 32b, X 4620; d, pores in c, note small processes protruding from pores, X 15,000. (Micrographs reduced to 78%.)
Index

(New species, subspecies, and principal accounts in italics)

africana, Sarsiella, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 15 (fig. 10),

24-30 (figs. 18-23) 34, 47, 84-86 (pis. 9-11)

alpha, Parasterope, 4

Alternochelata, 54, 66 (key)

neali, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 6, 66-73 (figs. 56-59)

Polychelata, 66, 73

anommata, Sarsiella, 3 (figs. 2, S), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 20-24 (figs.

15-17), 83 (pi. 8)

Anscottiella, 47

Asteropella upsilon, 4

Asteropteron setiferum, 4-6

bacescui, Cylindroleberis, 4

bensoni, Synasterope, 4

capsula, Sarsiella, 3 (figs. 2. 3), 4-7, 8-13 (figs. 4-8), 19, 24,

76-79 (pis. 1-4)

Sarsiella?, 8

compressa, Rutiderma, 2, 54, 65, 66.

PRutiderma, 60

Cylindroleberididae, 1, 4, 74

Cylindroleberis bacescui, 4

Cypridinidae, 1, 74

dornellasae, Sarsiella, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5-7, 15 (fig.

10), 33. 34-38 (figs. 27-31)

Eurypylus, 7

petrosus, 1, 7, 74

Eusarsiella levis, 8

globula, Parasarsiella, 1, 7, 24

gomoiui, Sarsiella, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5-7, 15 (fig. 10),

38-44 (figs. 32-38), 92-99 (pis. 17-24)

gracilis, Junctichela, 47

irrostratum, Rutiderma, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 6, 54,

56-60 (figs. 49-51), 106 (pi. 31)

janiceae, Sarsiella, 43, 44

Junctichela, 7, 47 (key), 54

gracilis, 47

margalefi, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 6, 47, 48-54 (figs. 42-47;

tab. 2), 102 (pi. 27)

similis, 47

leloeuffi, Rutiderma, 2, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4, 6, 54, 55-56 (fig. 48),

66, 103-105 (pis. 28-30)

levis, Eusarsiella, 8

Sarsiella, 8

margalefi, Junctichela, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 6, 47, 48-54

(figs. 42-47, tab. 2), 102 (pi. 27)

mauritania, Parasterope, 4

mollita, Rutiderma, 66

murrayana, Sarsiella, 1, 24, 47

nealei, Alternochelata, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 6, 66-73

(figs. 56-59)

neapolis, Sarsiella, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4-7, 13-20 (figs. 9-14), 43.

47, 80-82 (pis. 5-7)

Nematohamma obliqua, 8

obliqua, Nematohamma, 8

ocula, Sarsiella, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 15 (fig. 10),

30-34 (figs. 24-26), 35, 38, 87-91 (pis. 9-16)

Parasarsiella, 7

globula, 1, 7, 24

Parasterope alpha, 4

mauritania, 4

sohni, 4

thrix, 4

pax, Prionotoleberis, 4, 5

petrosus, Eurypylus, 1, 7, 74

Philomedidae, 1, 73, 74

polychelata, Alternochelata, 66, 73

Prionotoleberis pax, 4, 5

rudescui, Sarsiella, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 15 (fig. 10),

44^7 (figs. 39-41), 100 (pi. 25), 101 (pi. 26)

Rutiderma, 54 (key), 55, 60

compressa, 2, 54, 65, 66

irrostratum, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 4), 5, 6, 54, 56-60 (figs.

49-51), 106 (pi. 31)

leloeuffi, 2, 3 (figs. 2, 3). 4, 6, 54, 55-56 (fig. 48), 66, 103-

105 (pis. 28-30)

mollita 66

tridens 3 (figs. 2, 3). 4, 5, 54, 60-66 (figs. 52-55), 107 (pi.

32), 108 (pi. 33)

?Rutiderma compressa, 60

Rutidermatidae, 1, 2 (fig. 1), 54 (key), 75

Sarsiella, 1, 4, 7 (key), 15 (fig. 10), 74

africana, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 15 (fig. 10), 24-30

(figs. 18-23), 34, 47, 84-86 (pis. 9-11)

anommata, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 20-24 (figs. 15-17).

83 (pi. 8)

capsula, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4-7, 8-13 (figs. 4-8), 19, 24, 76-79

(pis. 1-4)

dornellasae, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5-7, 15 (fig. 10), 33,

34-38 (figs. 27-31)

gomoiui, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5-7, 15 (fig. 10), 38-44

(figs. 32-38), 92-99 (pis. 17-24)

janiceae, 43, 44

levis, 8

murrayana, 1, 24, 47

109
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

neapolis, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4-7, 13-20 (figs. £-14), 43, 47, 80-82

(pis. 5-7)

ocula, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab.l), 5, 7, 15 (fig. 10), 30-34 (figs.

24-26), 35, 38, 87-91 (pis. 9-16)

rudescui, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 15 (fig. 10), 44^f7

(figs. 39-41), 100 (pi. 25), 101 (pi. 26)

species indeterminate, 5, 47

zostericola, 54

Sarsiella? capsula, 8

Saxsiellidae, 1, 2 (fig. 1), 7 (key), 47, 74, 75

Scleraner, 54

setiferum, Asteropteron, 4-6

similis, Junctichela, 47

sohni, Parasterope, 4

Spinacopia, 54

Synasterope bensoni, 4

thrix, Parasterope, 4

tridens, Rutiderma, 3 (figs. 2, 3), 4, 5, 54, 60-66 (figs. 52-55),

107 (pi. 32), 108 (pi. 33)

upsilon, Asteropella, 4

zostericola, Sarsiella, 54


Publication in Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

Manuscripts for serial publications are accepted by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject

to substantive review, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums. NonSmithsonian authors should address inquiries to the appropriate department. If submission is

invited, the following format requirements of the Press will govern the preparation of copy.

(An instruction sheet for the preparation of illustrations is available from the Press on request.)

Copy must be typewritten, double-spaced, on one side of standard white bond paper, with

1J4" top and left margins, submitted in ribbon copy with a carbon or duplicate, and accompanied

by the original artwork. Duplicate copies of all material, including illustrations, should be retained

by the author. There may be several paragraphs to a page, but each page should begin with a new

paragraph. Number consecutively all pages, including title page, abstract, text, literature cited,

legends, and tables. The minimum length is 30 pages of typescript and illustrations.

The title should be complete and clear for easy indexing by abstracting services. Taxonomic

titles will carry a final line indicating the higher categories to which the taxon is referable:

"(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)." Include an abstract as an introductory part of the text. Identify

the author on the first page of text with an unnumbered footnote that includes his professional

mailing address. A table of contents is optional. An index, if required, may be supplied by the

author when he returns page proof.

Two headings are used: (1) text heads (boldface in print) for major sections and chapters

and (2) paragraph sideheads (caps and small caps in print) for subdivisions. Further headings

may be worked out with the editor.

In taxonomic keys, number only the first item of each couplet; if there is only one couplet,

omit the number. For easy reference, number also the taxa and their corresponding headings

throughout the text; do not incorporate page references in the key.

In synonymy, use the short form (taxon, author, date, page) with a full reference at the end

of the paper under "Literature Cited." Begin each taxon at the left margin with subsequent lines

indented about three spaces. Within a taxon, use a period-dash (.—) to separate each reference.

Enclose with square brackets any annotation in or at the end of the taxon. For references within

the text, use the author-date system: "(Jones, 1910)" or "Jones (1910)." If the reference is

expanded, abbreviate the data: "Jones (1910, p. 122, pi. 20: fig. 1)."

Simple tabulations in the text (e.g., columns of data) may carry headings or not, but they

should not contain rules. Formal tables must be submitted as pages separate from the text, and

each table, no matter how large, should be pasted up as a single sheet of copy.

For measurements and weights, use the metric system instead of (or in addition to) the

English system.

Illustrations (line drawings, maps, photographs, shaded drawings) can be intermixed

throughout the printed text. They will be termed Figures and should be numbered consecutively;

however, if a group of figures is treated as a single figure, the individual components should be

indicated by lowercase italic letters on the illustration, in the legend, and in text references:

"Figure 9b." If illustrations (usually tone photographs) are printed separately from the text as

full pages on a different stock of paper, they will be termed Plates, and individual components

should be lettered (Plate 96) but may be numbered (Plate 9: figure 2). Never combine the

numbering system of text illustrations with that of plate illustrations. Submit all legends on pages

separate from the text and not attached to the artwork.

In the bibliography (usually called "Literature Cited"), spell out book, journal, and article

titles, using initial caps with all words except minor terms such as "and, of, the." (For capitalization of titles in foreign languages, follow the national practice of each language.) Underscore

(for italics) book and journal titles. Use the colon-parentheses system for volume, number, and

page citations: "10(2) :5-9." Spell out such words as "figures" and "plates" (or "pages" when

used alone).

For free copies of his own paper, a Smithsonian author should indicate his requirements on

"Form 36" (submitted to the Press with the manuscript). A non-Smithsonian author will receive

50 free copies; order forms for quantities above this amount with instructions for payment will be

supplied when page proof is forwarded.
i