On the Troglobitic Shrimps of the

Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

(Decapoda: Atyidae

and Palaemonidae)

H. H. HOBBS III

and

HORTON H. HOBBS, JR.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 240
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 240

On the Troglobitic Shrimps of the

Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

(Decapoda: Atyidae and Palaemonidae)

H. H. Hobbs III

and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1976
ABSTRAC T

Hobbs, H. H., Ill, and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. On the Troglobitic Shrimps of

the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Decapoda: Atyidae and Palaemonidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 240, 23 pages, 8 figures, 2 maps, 1976—

Four troglobitic shrimps are reported to frequent the subterranean waters of the

Yucatan Peninsula. Three are members of the family Atyidae: Typhlatya mitchelli, new species, and Typhlatya campecheae, new species, are described herein,

and Typhlatya pearsei Creaser is redescribed. The fourth shrimp, Creaseria

morleyi (Creaser), is a member of the family Palaemonidae. Illustrations as well

as all known locality records are included for the four, and a key to all of the

members of the genus Typhlatya is followed by a discussion of their interrelationships. A summary of the distribution of the four shrimps and maps indicating the localities where they were collected conclude the report.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea

cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Hobbs, H H

On the troglobitic shrimps of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Decapoda—Atyidae and Palaemonidae)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 240)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:240

1. Typhlatya. 2. Creaseria morleyi. 3. Crustacea—Mexico—Yucatan Peninsula. I. Hobbs, Horton Holcombe. 1914- joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 240.

QL1.S54 no. 240 [QL444.M33] 591'.08s [595'J843] 76-608123
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Family ATYIDAE 2

Genus Typhlatya 2

Typhlatya mitchelli, new species 2

Typhlatya campecheae, new species 6

Typhlatya pearsei Creaser 10

Notes on Relationships 14

Key to the Species 15

Family PALAEMONIDAE 16

Genus Creaseria 16

Creaseria morleyi (Creaser) 16

Appendix: Summary of Distribution 20

Literature Cited 22

in

On the Troglobitic Shrimps of the

Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

(Decapoda: Atyidae and Palaemonidae)

H. H. Hobbs III

and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr.

Introduction

As a result of extensive collections made in the

Yucatan Peninsula by James R. Reddell, Texas

Tech University, and associates, two atyid shrimps

have been added to the known troglobitic fauna,

and the distributions of the two previously reported shrimps (Atyidae and Palaemonidae) are

much better known. Most of the specimens on

which this report is based were obtained during

two expeditions in the area during 1973.

Included here are descriptions of the two new

species and a key to the members of the genus

Typhlatya, together with a synonymy, redescription, summary of distribution, and illustrations of

T. pearsei Creaser, 1936. The monotypic Creaseria

morelyi (Creaser, 1936) is similarly treated although

not redescribed, the description offered by Holthuis

(1952) being entirely adequate.

Our knowledge of the troglobitic shrimp fauna of

the Peninsula had its inception in Creaser's reports

(1936, 1938) of the crustaceans found by him and

colleagues during the 1932 University of Michigan

Yucatan Expedition. In the former publication, he

described Palaemon morleyi from "San Isidro Cave"

and Typhlatya pearsei from "Balam Canche Cave"

H. H. Hobbs 111, Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22040. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of

Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

20560.

and recorded both species from additional localities (see below). No further data on these animals

appeared until 1950 when Cardenas (p. 156) noted

the occurrence of both species in "las cuevas de

Hoctum [sic] y el Pachote," and Holthuis erected

the monotypic genus Creaseria to receive Creaser's

Palaemon morleyi. The latter shrimp was redescribed by Holthuis in 1952.

Typhlatya pearsei was reported from a presumably additional locality, "El Ponte Cave," by Nicholas (1962:173). In personal communication, Mr.

Reddell suggested that the cave name is probably

an erroneous transcription of "Cueva del Pachote."

On the basis of a study of the eyes of C. morleyi and

three Yucatan teleosts, Wilkens (1973c:58) concluded

that the troglobitic adaptations of these animals

probably began during "der letzten pleistozanen

Kaltzeit begonnen." Monod and Cals (1970), while

describing Typhlatya galapagensis, conducted a

morphological investigation of representatives of

several atyid genera. Their conclusions were expressed in the recognition of four groups (series) in

the family. In addition, they proposed a terminology for setal classification, which insofar as seems

appropriate, we have employed in the descriptions

that follow.

The remaining references cited herein are to illustrations, keys, and notes on distribution.

We acknowledge with thanks the opportunity to

examine the materials collected by James R. Reddell and colleagues. (See "Specimens Examined"
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

under each of the species treated.) We are also

grateful to Mr. Reddell for assisting us in spotting

previously recorded localities. For their assistance in

the preparation of the manuscript and/or their

criticisms, we are indebted to Fenner A. Chace, Jr.,

Margaret A. Daniel, Carolyn B. Gast, and Isabel

Pe"rez Farfante.

Family ATYIDAE

Genus Typhlatya

Typhlatya mitchelli, new species

FIGURES 1, 2: MAP 1

DESCRIPTION.—Carapace lacking spines. Rostrum

(Figure \a,b) subspiniform, not extending anteriorly beyond eyes. Anterior margin of carapace

produced in distinct rounded antennal lobe; pterygostomian lobe not well defined. Faint, premarginal transverse suture on posterodorsal region

of carapace. Hepatic-branchiocardiac groove prominent (Figure la) and extending almost entire length

of carapace.

Pleura of first five abdominal somites rounded,

that of fifth broadly so and not at all suggestive of

being angular (Figure la). Median portion of first

abdominal sternite only slightly produced anteroventrally. Sixth abdominal somite (Figure la) approximately twice as long as fifth, and with rounded

lobe at lateral base of telson; posteroventral margin

of sternum produced in form of slender triangle.

Telson (Figure la,/,m) about 0.8 as long as sixth

abdominal segment; 2 pairs of spiniform setae

("spines" of most authors) present dorsally, anterior

pair situated at base of posterior third and posterior

pair approximately midway between anterior pair

and mid-posterior margin; posterior margin broadly

rounded and bearing short pair of smooth lateral

spiniform setae flanked mesially by longer (3.7 times

longer than lateral pair) pair of spiniform setae

bearing barbules proximomesially; between latter

setae, 2 pairs of plumose setae present; 2 mesial

pairs of setae somewhat equally spaced but of variable length, either pair being longer or shorter

than longer lateral pair.

Eye (Figure \a,b) subconical, proximomesial part

covered by basal portion of rostrum but more than

distal half clearly evident in dorsal aspect; facets

and pigment lacking.

Antennule (Figure \a,b,c) with peduncle reaching

base of distal third or fourth of antennal scale,

almost or quite approximating level of lateral spine

of latter. Stylocerite acute, its apex almost reaching

or slightly exceeding distal extremity of proximal

podomere of peduncle. Distal segment of peduncle

with dorsodistal plate bearing 18 to 20 setae. Antennular flagella subequal in length and at least 3

times as long as carapace, sometimes almost as

much as 4 times as long; lateral ramus with proximal 15 to 17 articles broader than more distal ones,

and ventral surface of fourth, fifth, or sixth through

tenth to sixteenth articles with distal pair of lanceolate setae; additional single or paired setae occasionally present at midlength of eleventh through

thirteenth articles.

Antennal scale (Figure \a,b,d) approximately 2.5

times longer than greatest width, lateral margin

provided with small spine at about base of distal

fifth.

Mandible (Figure \e) with 5 or 6 teeth on incisor

area; prominent tuft of setae present at distal base

of broad molar lobe.

Maxillae as illustrated (Figure l/,g). First maxilliped (Figure \h) with flagellum represented by

elongate unsegmented process, here termed "flagellar lobule" (fl). Second maxilliped (Figure \i) with

well developed podobranch but lacking suture

delimiting propodus and dactyl.

Third maxilliped (Figure 2a,b) surpassing antennal peduncle by entire length of ultimate

podomere; exopod extending distally only slightly

beyond base of penultimate podomore; ultimate

podomore of endopod 1.2 to 1.4 times longer than

penultimate. Flexor surface of ultimate podomore

provided with 11 to 14 rows of plumose, distally

spatulate setae ("soies cochteaires," Monod and

Cals, 1970:67, 86) (number in rows from proximal

to distal end in one specimen: 2, 10, 12, 12, 10, 10,

9, 9, 7, 5, 2, 2, 2, 1); these setae followed by

marginal row of 9 to 11 short, smooth spiniform

setae ("spines" or "teeth" of most authors) flanked

by submarginal row of 4 or 5 similar setae; more

distal members of latter row smaller than those of

marginal row; distal extremity spiniform but

lacking articulated claw.

All pereiopods with exopods, that of fifth reduced,

varying in length from barely exceeding distal

extremity of basis to reaching distal end of basal

fifth of merus. First pereiopod (Figure 2c) not
NUMBER 240

FIGURE 1.—Typhlatya mitchelli, new species (holotypic female; all appendages from right side):

a, lateral view; b, dorsal view of anterior region; c, antennule; d, antennal scale; e, mandible;

/, first maxilla; g, second maxilla; h, first maxilliped; i, second maxilliped; /, first pleopod;

k, second pleopod; /, telson and uropods; m, posterior region of telson. (fl = flagellar lobule;

scales in mm.)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

reaching (if chela robust) or reaching (if chela

slender) almost to distal end of antennal scale;

carpus, including distal lobe, subequal to combined

length of ischium and merus and 1.1 times as long

as chela. Second pereiopod (Figure 2d,i,f) highly

variable both in length and in relative degree of

development of chela. In individuals with comparatively slender cheliped (Figure 2;), chela

reaching slightly beyond distal extremity of antennal scale; in those with comparatively heavy

cheliped (Figure 2t), chela reaching, at most, base

of antennal scale; carpus in holotype divided with

distal part slightly more than twice as long as

proximal one, and combined podomeres twice as

long as chela and about five-sixths combined length

of ischium and merus; carpus in animals with slender chelae also about twice as long as chela, that in

individuals with robust chelae often subequal in

length to chela. Third pereiopod (Figure 2e) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and three-fourths

length of propodus; dactyl with 5 spiniform setae on

flexor surface; propodus about 2.7 times longer than

dactyl and about 1.5 times longer than carpus;

ischium-merus slightly greater than 1.5 times as long

as propodus, and bearing 5 submarginal spiniform

setae. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 2/) overreaching antennal scale by half to total length of dactyl; dactyl

with 3 spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus

about 2.7 times length of dactyl and about 1.5 times

as long as carpus; ischium-merus subequal in length

to carpus and propodus combined and bearing 4

somewhat evenly spaced submarginal spiniform

setae; carpus with 1 such seta near distal end.

Fifth pereiopod (Figure 2g,h) overreaching antennal

scale by half length of dactyl; dactyl about 2.5

times as long as ischium, flexor margin bearing

approximately 40 denticulate spiniform setae;

propodus about twice as long as dactyl, 1.8 times

as long as carpus, and bearing 2 submarginal spiniform setae near midlength, 1 subdistal and 2 distal

ones; merus, bearing 1 submarginal spiniform seta

distal to midlength, 1.3 times as long as propodus;

ischium about 0.2 length of merus and lacking

spiniform setae laterally.

Endopod of first pleopod of female (Figure If)

small, length 0.3 that of exopod and slightly less

than 0.5 that of protopodite. Second pleopod of

female (Figure Ik) with exopod only slightly longer

than endopod and about 1.5 times as long as

protopodite.

FIGURE 2.—Typhlatya mitchelli, new species (a-h, holotypic

female; all appendages from right side): a, third maxilliped;

b, distal portion of same; c-g, first through fifth pereiopods,

respectively; h, distal end of dactyl of fifth pereiopod;

i, second pereiopod of female from Cenote Ch'en Mul,

Yucatan; ;', same of female from Grutas de Tzab-Nah,

Yucatan. (Scales in mm.)

Lateral ramus of uropod with prominent movable

lateral spiniform setae situated immediately mesial

to very small fixed spiniform projection.

Branchial series composed of 5 pleurobranchs on

pereiopodial somites, arthrobranch at base of third

maxilliped, and podobranch on second maxilliped;

epipods present on third maxilliped and all but

fifth pereiopods, and coxal setae borne on all

pereiopods.

SIZE.—Carapace length of females, 3.4 to 4.8 mm

(holotype, 4.8 mm); juveniles 1.4 to 2.9 mm. Males

and ovigerous females unknown.

COLOR.—Preserved specimens translucent to

white.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cenote Kabahchen, Mani, Yucatan, Mexico. 1 August 1973, R. W. Mitchell,

collector.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic female

(USNM 151904) and 10 paratypic females are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution under the catalog

designation USNM (= former United States National Museum). Of the remaining paratypes, 12

females are in The Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas; and 2 females are in the

Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Twenty-five females, constituting

the type series, were obtained in the State of Yucatan, Mexico, as follows (those specimens marked by an asterisk are in

the Smithsonian Institution, those bearing two asterisks in

the Instituto de Biologia, and all others in The Museum,

Texas Tech University; locality numbers in parentheses correspond to the locality numbers in appendix table and on

Map 1). (1) Cenote de la Culebra, 1$, 1 juvenile, 27 Mar

1973, James R. Reddell, coll. (2) Grutas de Tzab-Nah, 2 km

S Tecoh, 3 9, 6 Aug 1973, Deborah Denson, R. W. Mitchell,

S. A. Mitchell, and S. R. Mitchell, coll. (3) Cenote Ch'en

Mul, Ruinas de Mayapan, 2$ , 26 Apr 1973, J. R. R., David

McKenzie, Martha H. McKenzie, and Mary Butterwick, coll.

(4) Type-locality, 5$» + holotype, 1 Aug 1973, R. W. M.,

coll. (5) Cenote de Sodzil, 5 km W Sucopo, 5$ #, 31 Mar

1973, J. R. R., coll. (6) Cenote (=Cueva) de Orizaba, 8 km

S Buenaventura, 1 $ , 1 Apr 1973, J. R. R., coll. (7) Cenote

Aka Chen, 1 km NE Tixcancal, 3$ , 2 Apr 1973, J. R. R.,

D. M., M. H. M., M. B., and S. M., coll. (8) Cenote de la
NUMBER 240
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Paca, 7 km E Tikuch, 22,1 1 Apr 1973, Stuart Murphy, coll.

(9) Cenote de Xtacabiha, 1 km SW Xalau, 2$* #, 11 Apr

1973, J. R. R., M. H. M., and S. M., coll. (See Map 1 and

appendix table for distribution and shrimp associates.)

REMARKS.—Unfortunately, few specimens are

available from any of the nine localities from which

this species is known; the largest series consists of

six individuals from Cenote Kabahchen, the typelocality. Moreover, no male was obtained in any

of the caves.

Among the most conspicuous variations noted

in Typhlatya tnitchelli is the relative length of the

exopod of the fifth pereiopod. In some specimens

it scarcely reaches the ischiomeral articulation,

while in most it ranges from the base to the distal

end of the basal fifth of the merus.

Slight differences occur in the disposition of setae

along the flexor margin of the distal podomere of

the third maxilliped. The proximal series of

plumose distally spatulate setae consists of 11,

rarely 12, rows, followed distally by a single row of

9 to 11, occasionally 12 smooth spiniform setae.

Worthy of note are variations that exist in the

proportions of the 3 distal podomeres of the second

pereiopod. In those individuals in which the carpus

is subequal in length to the chela, the latter is

robust, appearing swollen. Furthermore, the merus

and exopod are correspondingly short (Figure 2i).

In those chelipeds in which the length of the chela

is only approximately one-half that of the carpus,

the chela is slender; also the merus and exopod are

elongate (Figure 2;). The structure of the carpus of

the second pereiopod of the holotype (Figure 2d) is

unusual; it is divided, the two articles together

proportionately almost as long as that in Figure 2/.

None of the variations mentioned have been

correlated with specific localities or limited portions of the range.

ETYMOLOGY.—This shrimp is named in honor of

our friend, Robert W. Mitchell, who collected part

of the type series and who has contributed much to

our knowledge of the troglobitic fauna of Mexico.

Typhlatya campecheae, new species

FIGURES 3, 4; MAP 1

DESCRIPTION.—Carapace lacking spines. Rostrum

(Figure 3a,c) triangular, extending anteriorly beyond eyes, and sometimes almost reaching distal

end of proximal podomere of antennular peduncle.

Anterior margin of carapace produced in broadly

rounded antennal lobe and much less prominent

pterygostomian lobe (Figure 3a). Posterodorsal

surface of carapace marked by faint premarginal

transverse suture, lateral surface bearing conspicuous hepatic-branchiocardiac groove extending

almost entire length of carapace.

Pleura of first 3 abdominal somites rounded,

those of fourth subacute posteroventrally, and

those of fifth virtually acute (Figure Sa,b). Median

portion of first abdominal sternite only slightly

produced anteroventrally. Sixth abdominal somite

approximately twice as long as fifth and with lobe

at lateral base of telson rounded; posteroventral

margin of sternum produced in short projection in

form of isosceles triangle.

Telson (Figure ?>a,b,n,o) subequal in length to

sixth somite, provided with 2 pairs of spiniform

setae dorsally, anterior pair situated slightly anterior to base of posterior third, and posterior pair

midway between anterior pair and posterolateral

extremity; posterior margin rounded and bearing

2 pairs of smooth spiniform setae laterally (lateral

pair only about one-fourth as long as mesial pair)

and 4, occasionally 5, equally spaced, plumose,

spiniform setae between long smooth setae; plumose

setae highly variable in length, extending posteriorly as far as, exceeding, or not reaching level of

distal extremity of longest pair of smooth setae.

Eye (Figure 3a,c) globular, proximomesial portion covered by rostrum but more distolateral

portion clearly visible in dorsal aspect; facets and

pigment lacking.

Antennule (Figure $a,c,d) with peduncle reaching

beyond lateral spine on antennal scale, often to

distal margin of latter. Stylocerite acute, falling

short of, or slightly, if at all, exceeding distolateral

margin of proximal segment of peduncle. Distal

podomere of peduncle with dorsodistal plate

bearing about 10 setae. Antennular flagella subequal in length and slightly more than 3 times as

long as carapace; lateral ramus with 11 to 13

proximal articles broader than more distal ones;

ventral surface of second, third, or fourth through

tenth articles each with row of 2 to 5 lanceolate

setae borne on distal margin and also often at

midlength on all but proximal 2 or 3.
NUMBER 240

FIGURE 3.—Typhlatya campecheae, new species (appendages from right side of holotypic male):

a, lateral view of holotype; b, lateral view of abdomen of ovigerous female; c, dorsal view of

anterior region of holotype; d, antennule; e, antennal scale; /, mandible; g, first maxilla; h,

second maxilla; i, first maxilliped; ;', second maxilliped; k, first pleopod; /, second pleopod; m,

appendices interna and masculina; n, telson and uropods; o, posterior region of telson. (fl =

flagellar lobule; scales in mm.)
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Antennal scale (Figure $a,c,e) approximately 2.3

times as long as broad, lateral border provided

with small spine at base of distal fourth.

Mandible (Figure 3/) with 4 or 5 teeth on incisor

lobe; molar lobe broadly separated from incisor

lobe, area between bearing prominent tuft of setae

adjacent to former, and 2 bent setae situated

between tuft and proximalmost tooth.

Maxillae as illustrated (Figure 3g,/i). First maxilliped (Figure $i) with flagellar lobule (fl) strongly

produced distomesially. Second maxilliped (Figure

3;) with well developed podobranch, and with

clearly defined suture delimiting propodus and

dactyl.

Third maxilliped (Figure 4a,6) overreaching

antennal scale by one-fourth to one-half length of

ultimate podomere; exopod extending distally

between midlength and distal extremity of penultimate podomere; ultimate podomere 1.3 to 1.6

times as long as penultimate. Flexor surface of

ultimate podomere provided with 10 or 11 transverse rows of plumose, distally spatulate setae along

proximal two-thirds, followed distally by marginal

row of 4 to 6 short, smooth, spiniform setae; distal

extremity spiniform but lacking articulated claw.

All pereiopods provided with exopods; that of

fifth highly variable in degree of development,

ranging from exceedingly small and scarcely surpassing midlength of ischium to moderately robust

and almost reaching distal end of merus. First

pereiopod (Figure 4c) attaining proximal fourth of

antennal scale; carpus, including distal lobe, subequal in length to combined length of ischium and

merus, and slightly longer than chela. Second

pereiopod (Figure Ad) reaching midlength of antennal scale; carpus 1.2 times as long as either chela

or merus. Third pereiopod (Figure 4e) overreaching

antennal scale by length of dactyl and one-fourth of

propodus; dactyl with 8 spiniform setae on flexor

margin; propodus 4 times as long as dactyl and

about 1.8 times length of carpus; merus 0.8 to

subequal in length to propodus and bearing 3

spiniform setae laterally; ischium subequal in

length to dactyl and armed with 1 spiniform seta.

Fourth pereiopod (Figure 4/) overreaching antennal

scale by no more, usually less, than length of dactyl,

latter bearing 8 spiniform setae on flexor margin;

propodus about twice length of dactyl and about

1.8 times length of carpus; merus almost twice as

long as carpus, about 1.2 times length of propodus,

and bearing 2 submarginal spiniform setae on distolateral half; carpus without lateral spine; ischium

distinctly longer than dactyl with 1 lateral spiniform seta slightly distal to midlength. Fifth

pereiopod (Figure 4g,/i) extending anteriorly to

about same level as fourth; dactyl subequal in

length to ischium, flexor margin bearing 45 to 50

denticulate spiniform setae; propodus slightly less

than twice length of dactyl and about twice as long

as carpus; merus about 0.8 length of propodus and

bearing 2 spiniform setae laterally, one slightly

distal to midlength, and other near base of distal

fifth of podomere; ischium slightly more than half

length of merus and lacking spiniform setae

laterally.

Endopod of first pleopod of male (Figure 3k)

with conspicuous marginal setae, about one-third

as long as exopod, and about half length of protopodite. Second pleopod of male (Figure 3/,m) with

appendix masculina much longer than appendix

interna and bearing about 12 apical and subapical

spines.

Length of endopod of first pleopod of female

about two-thirds that of exopod and approximately

two-thirds that of protopodite. Length of endopod

of second pleopod of female (Figure 36) about

three-fourths that of exopod and subequal to that

of protopodite.

Lateral ramus of uropod with small, although

prominent, movable spiniform seta laterally at

about base of distal fifth.

Branchial series composed of 5 pleurobranchs on

pereiopodial somites, arthrobranch at base of third

maxilliped, and podobranch on second maxilliped;

epipods on third maxilliped and on all pereiopods

except fifth; and coxal setae on all pereiopods.

SIZE.—Carapace length of males, 3.0 to 3.9 mm

(holotype 3.8 mm); of females, 3.1 to 4.5 mm. Two

ovigerous females (carrying 9 and 11 eggs, 2 additional unattached eggs in container), each with

carapace length of 3.9 mm; eggs approximately 0.8

by 1.1 mm. Carapace length of juveniles ranging

from 1.4 to 2.7 mm.

COLOR.—Preserved specimens translucent to

white; cephalothorax with yellowish orange mass

(preservation too poor to determine whether ovary

or hepatopancreas) internally.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Grutas de Xtacumbilxunam,

Bolonchenticul, Campeche, Mexico. The shrimp

were described by James R. Reddell as occurring
NUMBER 240

FIGURE 4.—Typhlatya campecheae, new species (appendages from right side of holotypic male):

a, third maxillipcri: b, distal portion of same; c-g, first through fifth pereiopods, respectively;

h, distal end of dactyl of fifth pereiopod. (Scales in mm.)

"in vast numbers in small pool containing amphi- typic females are deposited in the National Museum

pods and ostracods." of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

DISPOSITION OF TYPES.—The holotypic male Twenty-nine male, 100 female, and 21 juvenile

(USNM 151903), 6 paratypic males, and 10 para- paratypes are in The Museum, Texas Tech Uni-
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

versity, Lubbock, Texas; and 5 paratypes of each

sex are in the Instituto de Biologia, Universidad

Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Known only from the type-locality:

1$, 49 , 2 ovigerous 9 . 19 Apr 1973, and 40£ , 109 9 , and

21 juveniles, 13 May 1973, J. R. R., D. M., M. H. M., S. M..

and M. B., coll.

REMARKS.—Typhlatya campecheae is known only

from the type-locality, thus variations cited below

represent differences occurring in the single population. This is the only population of shrimp examined during the present study that is represented

by adequate numbers to reflect its composition. The

sample of 13 May 1973 consists of 40 males, 109

females, and 21 juveniles.

The exopod of the fifth pereiopod ranges in

length from barely reaching the midlength of the

ischium to almost attaining the middle third of the

merus. In contrasting "short" and "long" exopods,

those in 28 males and 90 females reached no farther

than the base of the distal fourth of the ischium,

whereas in 12 males and 19 females, they extend

beyond that level—79.2% of the population sample

have "short" exopods and 20.8% have "long" ones.

Unlike that of T. mitchelli, the setal complement

along the flexor margin of the distal podomere of

the third maxilliped of all of the specimens examined consists of 11 rows of plumose, distally

spatulate setae, followed by a row of 5 or 6 smooth

spiniform ones.

The rostrum reaches anteriorly to between midlength and the distal extremity of the proximal

podomere of the antennular peduncle.

The same variations pointed out in the second

pereiopod of T. mitchelli (which see) obtain in

T. campecheae and T. pearsei. No differences were

noted in the forms of this appendage in males and

females of the latter two species.

ETYMOLOGY.—This shrimp (found in Campeche)

is unique in being the only Mexican member of

the genus known from beyond the limits of the state

of Yucatan.

Typhlatya pearsei Creaser

FIGURES 5, 6; MAP 1

Typhlatya pearsei Creaser, 1936:128-130, 131, figs. 31-41

[type-locality, "Balam Canche Cave, 4.8 km E, 0.8 km S

Chichen Itza," Yucatan, Mexico]; 1938:162-164.—Pearse,

1936:24; 1945:169, 170, figs. 31^*1.—Chace, 1942:100;

1943:30, 32; 1954:319, 323; 1972:15.—Cardenas, 1950:156.—

Villalobos, 1951:215.—Rioja, 1953:286, 292; 1971:524.—Holthuis, 1955:26; 1956:52; 1974:141.—Balss, 1955:1310.—

Nicholas, 1962:173.—Chace and Hobbs, 1969:20-21.—

Straskraba, 1969:25.—Botosaneanu and Holthuis, 1970:122,

123, 127—Monod and Cals, 1970:69, 73. 78, 82, 84, 85, 93,

94.—Reddell, 1971:25.—Chace and Manning, 1972:17.—

Croizat et al., 1974:275, fig. 2.—Silva Taboada, 1974:45 —

Monod, 1975:99, fig. 1.

Typhlatya.—Creaser, 1938:159.—Pearse, 1938:13, 15; 1945:167.

—Argano, 1972:33.—Croizat et al., 1974:276 [in part].

Typhlata Cdrdenas, 1950:157 [erroneous spelling].

Typhlatya pearsi Rioja, 1953:293.—Vandel, 1964:178;

1965:139.—Peck, 1974:21 [erroneous spelling].

Typhlatya pearsii Cendrero, 1971:1150 [erroneous spelling].

DESCRIPTION.—Carapace lacking spines. Rostrum

(Figure ba,b) acuminate, reaching midlength to

slightly beyond penultimate podomere of antennular peduncle. Anterior margin of carapace produced in prominent broad to narrow and tapering

antennal lobe (lobe never acute), followed ventrally

by long shallow excavation obliterating dorsal limit

of pterygostomian lobe (Figure 5a). Posterodorsal

surface of carapace lacking shallow premarginal

transverse suture, lateral surface bearing conspicuous, sinuous, hepatic-branchiocardiac groove extending almost entire length of carapace.

Pleura of first 3 abdominal somites rounded,

those of fourth subacute, and those of fifth acute to

narrowly rounded (Figure 5a). First abdominal

sternite somewhat broadly produced anteroventrally.

Sixth abdominal somite little less than twice as

long as fifth and with rounded lobe at lateral base

of telson; posteroventral margin of sternum produced in short equilateral triangle forming preanal

plate.

Telson (Figure ba,o,p) subequal in length to

sixth abdominal somite and provided with 2 pairs

of spiniform setae dorsally; anterior pair situated

slightly anterior to base of posterior third, and posterior pair midway between anterior pair and

posterolateral extremity of telson (asymmetry and

double anterosinistral spines in Figure bo,p atypical); posterior margin rounded and bearing 2 pairs

of smooth lateral spiniform setae (lateralmost pair

only about one-fourth as long as more mesial pair)

and 2 pairs of subequally spaced plumose setae,

their length variable but mesialmost pair frequently

longest of 4 pairs.

Eyes (Figure ba,b) globular, sometimes with slight

tuberculiform prominence anterolaterally; postero-
NUMBER 240 11

FIGURE 5.—Typhlatya pearsei (all appendages from right side; a, male from Cenote ( = Cueva)

de Hoctiin, Yucatan; b-l,o,p, male from Cenote de las Abejas, Yucatan; m,n, female from

latter): a, lateral view; b, dorsal view of anterior region; c, antennule; d, antennal scale; e,

mandible; /, first maxilla; g, second maxilla; h, first maxilliped; i, second maxilliped; /, first

pleopod; k, second pleopod; /, appendices interna and masculina; m, first pleopod; n, second

pleopod; o, telson and uropods; p, posterior region of telson. (fl = flagcllar lobule; scales in

mm.)
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

mesial portion covered by rostrum but much of eye

clearly evident in dorsal aspect; facets and pigment

lacking.

Antennule (Figure ba,b,c) with peduncle rarely

surpassing level of lateral spine of antennal scale.

Stylocerite acute, and usually slightly overreaching

distal extremity of proximal podomere. Distal

podomere of peduncle with dorsodistal plate

bearing about 16 plumose setae. Antennular

flagella subequal in length and approximately twice

length of carapace; lateral ramus with 12 or 13

proximal articles broader than more distal ones,

and ventral surface of third through sixteenth

articles bearing transverse rows of 2 to 4 lanceolate

setae, all except third and sixteenth with 2 rows

at midlength and along distal margin.

Antennal scale (Figure 5a,b,d) about twice as long

as broad, lateral border provided with spine at approximately two-thirds length from base.

Mandible (Figure be) with incisor lobe bearing

7 or 8 teeth and 2 small setae at opposable base of

lobe; prominent tuft of plumose setae present between 2 setae and molar lobe.

Maxillae as illustrated (Figure 5f,g). First maxilliped (Figure 5h) with flagellar lobule (fl) strongly

produced distomesially. Second maxilliped (Figure

5i) with well developed podobranch and with

suture delimiting propodus and dactyl.

Third maxilliped (Figure 6a,b) overreaching antennal scale by as much as half length of ultimate

podomere; exopod extending distally slightly beyond proximal third of antepenultimate podomere;

ultimate podomere about 1.2 times as long as

penultimate. Flexor surface of ultimate podomere

provided with 10 or 11 transverse rows of plumose,

distally-spatulate setae along proximal two-thirds,

followed distally by marginal row of 4 to 6, short

smooth spiniform setae; distal extremity acute but

usually lacking claw.

All pereiopods provided with exopods; that of

fifth very much reduced, barely surpassing distal

end of basis. First pereiopod (Figure 6c) reaching

end of proximal third of antennal scale; carpus, including distal lobe, about 0.8 as long as ischiomeral

podomere and subequal in length to chela. Second

pereiopod (Figure 6d) reaching base of distal third

of antennal scale; carpus almost 1.5 times as long

as either chela or merus. Third pereiopod (Figure

6e) overreaching antennal scale by at least length of

dactyl and sometimes by as much as additional onefourth of propodus; dactyl with 9 spiniform setae

on flexor surface; propodus almost 2.5 times as long

as dactyl; carpus about half as long as propodus and

with single spiniform seta laterodistally; merus approximately 1.2 times length of propodus and bearing 4 spines laterally; ischium about half as long as

dactyl and lacking spiniform setae. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 6/) overreaching antennal scale by half

to total length of dactyl; dactyl shorter or subequal

in length to ischium, its flexor margin armed with 8

spiniform setae; remaining podomeres with setae

as on third. Fifth pereiopod (Figure Qgji) reaching

distal end of antennal scale; dactyl about twice as

long as ischium, its flexor margin bearing 40 or

more denticulate spiniform setae; propodus slightly

less than twice length of dactyl, almost twice as long

as carpus, and bearing row of 3 marginal slender

spiniform setae; merus little less than 1.5 times

length of propodus and bearing as many as 3 lateral

spiniform setae; ischium about one-sixth as long as

merus and lacking spiniform setae.

Endopod of first pleopod of male (Figure 5;) with

conspicuous marginal setae and slightly more than

one-third as long as exopod and little more than

two-thirds length of protopodite. Second pleopod of

male (Figure bk,l) with appendix masculina much

longer than appendix interna and bearing about 16

apical and subapical spines.

Length of endopod of first pleopod of female

(Figure 5m) about one-fourth that of exopod and

little less than one-half length of protopodite. Second pleopod of female (Figure 5ra) with endopod

0.8 as long as exopod and about two-thirds as long

as protopodite.

Lateral ramus of uropod with small movable

spiniform seta situated in lateral angular excision

at base of distal fifth.

Branchial series composed of 5 pleurobranchs on

pereiopodial somites, arthrobranch at base of third

maxilliped, and podobranch on second maxilliped;

epipods on third maxilliped and on all (except fifth)

pereiopods; and coxal setae on all pereiopods.

SIZE.—Carapace length of males, 3.6 to 3.8 mm;

of females, 3.3 to 5.2 mm. Carapace length of

juveniles ranging from 1.3 to 2.3 mm. Creaser's

holotypic female (USNM 98364) has a carapace

length of 3.9 mm. The measurement cited by him

of a cephalothoracic length of 5.0 mm included the

rostrum. We obtained a corresponding measurement of 4.7 mm.
NUMBER 240 13

FIGURE 6.—Typhlatya pearsei (appendages from right side of male from Cenote de las Abejas,

Yucatan): a, third maxilliped; b, distal portion of same; c-g, first through fifth pereiopods, respectively; h, distal end of dactyl of fifth pereiopod. (Scales in mm.)

COLOR.-

white.

-Preserved specimens translucent to

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—In addition to the type series from

Cueva Balaam Canche, we have examined the following, all

from previously reported localities in Yucatan (those specimens marked by an asterisk are in the Smithsonian Institution; all others are in The Museum, Texas Tech Universitv;
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

locality numbers in parentheses correspond to locality numbers in appendix table and on Map 1). (2) Grutas de

Tzab-Nah, 2 km S Tecoh, 4$ , 4 juveniles, 22 Apr 1973,

J. R. R. and D. M., coll. (4) Cenote Kabahchen, Mani, 5 9,

1 Aug 1973, J. R. R., D. M., and S. M., coll. (9) Cenote de

Xtacabiha, 1 km SW Xalau, 8$ , 11 Apr 1973, J. R. R.,

M. H. M., and S. M., coll. (12) Cenote Calchum, 3 km E San

Barnardo, 13,16 Apr 1973, J. R. R., D. M., and S. M., coll.

(13) Cenote de las Abejas, 1 $, 2$ *, 16 Apr 1973, D. M. and

S. M., coll. (14) Cueva de San Isidro, Merida, 1 $, 21 Mar

1973, J. R. R. and S. M., coll. (15) Cueva de Santa Elena

(=Cueva de los Camarones), 5 km S Telchac Puerto, 3$ ,

24$, 6 juveniles, 22 Mar 1973, J. R. R. coll. (17) Cenote

(=Cueva) de Hoctiin, 7 $ •, 16 Mar 1973, J. R. R., S. M.,

D. M., M. H. M., and M. B., coll. (20) Gruta de Chac, S of

Kabah, 1 $ •, 24 Nov 1962, E. W. Andrews, coll.

We have not seen specimens from (11) Cueva del Pochote

(Cardenas, 1950:156), or (19) Cueva del Ponte (Nicholas,

1962:173). The record, "Caverna Chichen Itza," cited by

Pearse (1945:169), is almost certainly an error of transcription

from Creaser's (1938:162) list of localities in which he included "Balaam Canche Cave" (= (18) Cueva Balaam

Canche), 4.8 km E, 0.8 km S of Chichen Itza, Yucatan. (See

Map 1 and appendix table for distribution and shrimp

associates.)

REMARKS.—In all of the specimens from the typelocality, Gruta de Chac, Cenote de Hoctun, and

Cenote de las Abejas, the rostrum reaches the distal

extremity of the penultimate podomere of the antennular peduncle. In those specimens from the

other localities cited above, it does not extend quite

so far anteriorly, terminating between midlength

and base of distal four-fifths of penultimate podomere.

In comparison with the two species previously

discussed, there is remarkable uniformity in the development of the exopod of the fifth pereiopod. In

all of the specimens examined it is exceedingly

small, extending at most, half to two-thirds its

length beyond the distal end of basis (Figure lg).

The distribution of setae on the flexor margin of

the distal podomere of the third maxilliped is relatively uniform. The proximal rows of plumose,

distally spatulate setae number 10 or 11 and these

are followed distally by a single series of 5 or 6

smooth spiniform ones.

The rostrum extends anteriorly to between midlength and the distal end of the penultimate article

of the antennular peduncle.

The conspicuous dimorphism noted in the second pereiopods of the females of T. mitchelli (see

"Remarks" under species description) and in both

sexes of T. campecheae also occurs in both males

and females of T. pearsei.

Notes on Relationships

The reader is referred to Monod and Cals (1970)

in which both inter- and intrageneric relationships

are discussed in some detail. The following observations, however, seem appropriate in view of the discovery of four additional species of the genus that

were unknown to these authors. Pertinent also are

the "Remarks" by Chace and Manning (1972:16-17),

as well as the zoogeographic discussions by Croizat,

Nelson, and Rosen (1974) and Monod (1975).

Except for Typhlatya rogersi, which was reported

by Chace and Manning (1972) to occur in saltwater

pools with subterranean marine passages on Ascension Island, and T. galapagensis, which occurs in

brackish or slightly brackish water on Isla de Santa

Cruz, all of the other species of the genus frequent

freshwater habitats.

In considering the affinities of the eight species

assigned to the genus, various groupings are possible

depending upon which characters are considered.

For example, the structure of the first maxilliped is

remarkably uniform among all of them except T.

galapagensis and T. rogersi. That in each, however,

is unique in that the caridean lobe of the former is

unusually large and lacks a distinct flagellar lobule,

whereas in T. rogersi the caridean lobe is not enlarged and the flagellar lobule is vestigial.

A comparison of the relative length of the

rostrum provides another grouping: T. rogersi resembles T. pearsei, T. consobrina, and T. campecheae in that the apex overreaches the eyes; in

contrast, in the other four species, the rostrum does

not attain the distal extremity of the eyes.

On the basis of the presence or absence of pigment in the eye, only T. garciai and T. monae possess a pigment spot; in the other species, the eyes are

as colorless as the integument.

The shortest, stockiest pereiopods, particularly

the first and second pairs, occur in T. rogersi, and

it is of interest that in T. mitchelli, T. campecheae,

and T. pearsei there exists an apparent dimorphism

in which some members possess short, more stocky

first and second pereiopods than do others; in the

latter two species, this dimorphic condition occurs

in members of both sexes.
NUMBER 240 15

Key to the Species

1. Rostrum extending anteriorly beyond eyes 2

1'. Rostrum not extending beyond eyes 5

2.(1) Eyes with pigment; first pereiopod with extensor surface of carpus shorter than palm of

chela; flagellar lobule of first maxilliped vestigial T. rogersi Chace and

Manning, 1972:14 (Ascension Island)

2'. Eyes without pigment; first pereiopod with extensor surface of carpus longer than palm;

flagellar lobule of first maxilliped well developed (Figure l/i) (not set off from remainder

of exopod in T. galapagensis) 3

3.(2') Dactyl of fifth pereiopod with fewer than 40 denticulate spines on flexor surface; male

with appendix masculina not extending so far distally as appendix interna

T. consobrina Botosaneanu and

Holthuis, 1970:123 (Camagueyand

Pinar del Rfo provinces, Cuba)

3'. Dactyl of fifth pereiopod with more than 40 denticulate spines on flexor surface; male

with appendix masculina extending much farther distally than appendix interna 4

4.(3') Rostrum reaching, at most, only slightly beyond articulation of first two podomeres of

antennular peduncle; latter extending beyond lateral spine on antennal scale, often

almost to distal margin of latter; exopod of fifth pereiopod barely surpassing distal extremity of basis or sometimes reaching midlength of ischium

T. campecheae, new species (Campeche, Mexico)

4

/

. Rostrum reaching at least midlength of second podomere of antennular peduncle; latter

extending no farther than level of lateral spine on antennal scale; exopod of fifth pereiopod, at most, barely surpassing distal extremity of basis T. pearsei Creaser, 1936:128

(Yucatan, Mexico)

5.(1') Eyes with pigment; dactyl of fourth pereiopod with 5 or more denticles on flexor surface 6

5'. Eyes without pigment; dactyl of fourth pereiopod with only 4 denticles on flexor surface 7

6.(5) Exopod of fifth pereiopod extending much beyond ischiotneral articulation

T. garciai Chace, 1942:99

(Oriente Province, Cuba)

6'. Exopod of fifth pereiopod much reduced, not nearly reaching ischiomeral articulation

T. monae Chace, 1954:318

(Isla Mona, Barbuda)

7.(5') Telson less than twice as long as broad; first maxilliped with caridean lobe very broad,

flagellar lobule not differentiated, and palp uniformly slender; distal podomere of third

maxilliped with fewer than 8 rows of setae on basal portion of flexor surface and fewer

than 7 spiniform setae in distal row T. galapagensis Monod and Cals, 1970:60

(Isla de Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands)

1'. Telson more than twice as long as broad; first maxilliped with flagellar lobule narrow,

distinctly set off from remainder of exopod, and palp broadened distally; distal podomere of third maxilliped with more than 8 rows of setae on proximal portion of flexor

surface and more than 7 spiniform setae in distal row T. mitchelli, new species

(Yucatan, Mexico)

The flexor margin of the dactyl of the fifth

pereiopod of T. consobrina and T. galapagensis,

and at least sometimes in T. mitchelli and T.

rogersi, bears no more than four denticles, whereas

that of the other four species supports five or more.

A consideration of the relative development of

the exopod of the fifth pereiopod regiments yet

another grouping, for only in T. monae and T.

pearsei is it greatly reduced; in all of the other

species it is comparatively well developed.

In the proportions of the telson, only in T. garciai is it as much as three times longer than broad,

and only in T. galapagensis, and occasionally in T.

campecheae and T. pearsei, is it less than twice as

long as broad.

Data on the distribution of setae on the flexor

surface of the distal podomere of the third

maxilliped are limited to six species. Expressed by

"number of rows of plumose, distally spatulate

setae"/"number of spiniform setae in distal row,"
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

the following have been noted: T. campecheae

10-11/4-6; T. galapagensis 6/5; T. mitchelli 11-14/

9-11; T. monae 10/5; T. pearsei 10-11/4-6; and T.

rogersi 12/5. Again, T. galapagensis and T. mitchelli stand out as being different from one another

and each distinct from the others.

Unfortunately, males of T. monae, T. mitchelli,

and T. galapagensis are unknown, and information

relative to the appendix masculina is available for

only T. campecheae, T. consobrina, T. pearsei, and

T. rogersi. The appendix masculina of T. consobrina is much shorter than the appendix interna

and is devoid of setae (Botosaneanu and Holthuis,

1970). In T. rogersi, it is likewise shorter than the

appendix interna, but it is armed with about 7

setae. In T. campecheae and T. pearsei, the appendix masculina is distinctly longer than the appendix

interna and bears 12 to 14 setae.

Seemingly, the most divergent species are the saltwater inhabitants of Ascension Island (T. rogersi)

and Isla de Santa Cruz (T. galapagensis). Rather

closely allied to one another are T. garciai and T.

monae, and these insular forms are linked, through

the Cuban T. consobrina, to T. campecheae and

T. pearsei, which inhabit the Yucatan Peninsula.

At least in some respects, T. mitchelli stands intermediate, both in morphology and in geographic

position, between the Caribbean species with a

short rostrum, T. garciai and T. monae, and the

seemingly disjunct T. galapagensis from Isla de

Santa Cruz in the Galapagos Islands.

Family PALAEMONIDAE

Genus Creaseria

Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)

FIGURES 7, 8; MAP 2

Palaemon morleyi Creaser. 1936:126-128, 131, figs. 25-30

[type-locality, San Isidro Cave, Salar Colony, MeYida, Yucatan, Mexico]; 1938:163-164.—Pearse, 1936:24; 1945:169, figs.

25-30.—Chace, 1943:31, 33.—Anonymous, 1947:128.—Cardenas, 1950:156.—Villalobos, 1951:215.—Rioja, 1953:293,

294.—Hoithuis, 1955:44.

Palaemon.—Pearse, 1938:13, 15; 1945:167.—Cardenas, 1950:157.

Palaemon Morleyi.—Carrerio, 1950:24.

Creaseria morleyi.—Holthuis, 1950:6 [by implication];

1952:153-154, 356, pi. 40; 1955:44 [by implication], fig. 22a;

1956:56-57; 1974:141.—Chace, 1954:323.—Maccagno and

Cucchiari, 1957:207 [by implication].—Nicholas, 1962:174.—

Rioja, 1962:38, 40; 1971:522.—Vandel, 1964:179; 1965:140.—

Rodriguez de la Cruz, 1965:76, 97-98, pi. 4:fig. A.

—Andrews, 1970:4.—Reddell, 1971:25.—Parzefall and

Wilkens, 1972:66.—Wilkens, 1973a:327, 328, 330, fig. 3;

1973b:205; 1973c:5O-54, 56, 58, 59, figs. 1-3.

Creaseria.—Holthuis, 1952:2, 152-153; 1956:69.—Chace,

1972:17.—Argano, 1972:33.

Palaemon morley.—Rioja, 1953:286 [lapsus calami].

PREVIOUSLY KNOWN LOCALITIES.—Insofar as known, this

shrimp is confined to the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Creaser

(1936:128) reported it from the following (numbers in parentheses correspond to locality numbers in appendix table and

on Map 2): (14) Cueva de San Isidro, Merida; (18) Cueva

Balaam Canche, 4.8 km E, 0.8 km S Chiche-n Itza; (22) Cenote

(=Cueva) Amil on Hacienda Tixcacae, 14 km SE, 2 km E of

Merida; and questionably from (28) Cenote de Sambulha

(=Cueva San Bulha), Motul. The same author (1938:163)

added the following: (17) Cenote (=Cueva) de Hoctiin; (21)

Cueva Xpukil (=Cuvea Spukil) at Calcehtok; (23) Cueva

Yunchen at Libre Union; (24) Cueva Chac Mol, near Tohil;

(25) Cueva Gongora at Oxkutzcab; and (27) a questionable

sight record at Cueva Xconsacab, Tizamin. The last recorded locality is that of Cardenas (1950:156), (11) Cueva del

Pochote, Mima.

ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES AND SPKCIMENS EXAMINED.—Several

lots of specimens examined in the present study were collected in two of the localities, (14) and (17), just cited. (Those

specimens marked by an asterisk are in the National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; all others are in

The Museum, Texas Tech University.) (1) Cenote de la

Culebra, 2? , 3 Aug 1973, R. W. M. and F. E. A., coll. (2)

Grutas de Tzab-Nah, 2 km S Tecoh, 1 $ *, 2 9 *, 22 Apr 1973,

J. R. R. and D. M., coll. (4) Cenote Kabahchen, Mani, 1 $,

I $, 1 Aug 1973, R. W. M., coll. (5) Cueva de Sodzil, 5 km

W Sucopo, 3 9, 31 Mar 1973, J. R. R., D. M., M. M., and

S. M., coll. (8) Cenote de la Paca, 7 km E Tikuch, 1 $ , 19,

II Apr 1973, S. M., coll. (11) Cueva del Pochote, 1 $ •, 29 •,

27 Mar 1947, M. Cardenas and B. F. Osorio Tafall, coll. (13)

Cenote de las Abejas, 1 $ , 16 Apr 1973, D. M. and S. M., coll.

(14) Cueva de San Isidro, 4 9*, 21 Mar 1973, J. R. R. and

S. M.( coll.; 19. 29 Mar 1973, J. R. R., coll. (16) Pozo

(=Cenote) de Santa Elena, 5 km S Telchac Puerto, 1 $ , 2 9 , 22

Mar 1973, S. M., coll. (17) Cenote de Hoctun, 29 , Mar 1969,

Terry Raines, coll.; 3 9,16 Mar 1973, J. R. R. et al., coll.;

1 9, 29 Apr 1973, J. R. R. and R. W. M., coll; 2 9 #, 8 Aug

1973, Francis E. Abernethy, Deborah Denson, Masaharu

Kawakatsu, R. W. M., R. W. Mitchell, Jr., S. A. M., and

S. R. M., coll. (26) "Cenote X-ebiz, Hoctun," 1 9 •, 26 Apr

1971, E. H. Sallee, coll. (See Map 2 and appendix table for

distribution and shrimp associates.)

SIZE.—The largest male examined has a carapace

length of 14.0 mm, that of the largest female is 18.6

mm.

REMARKS.—Holthuis (1956:57) reviewed available

information on the biology of this species, indicating that it "lives in fresh subterranean waters. The

temperature of the water of some of the caves varied
NUMBER 240 17

FIGURE 7.—Creaseria morleyi (from Grutas de Tzab-Nah, 2 km S of Tecoh, Yucatan; all appendages from left side; a—o, male; p,q, female): a, dorsal view of anterior region; b, lateral

view of carapace; c, lateral view of abdomen; d, antennule; e, antenna, basal portion and scale;

/, mandible; g, first maxilla; h, second maxilla; i, first maxilliped; ;, second maxilliped; k, first

pleopod; /, second pleopod; m, appendices interna and masculina; n, telson and uropods; o,

posterior region of telson; p, first pleopod; q, second pleopod. (Scales in mm.)
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 8.—Creaseria morleyi (from Grutas de Tzab-Nah, 2 km S of Tecoh, Yucatdn; all appendages from left side of male); a, third maxilliped; b-f, first through fifth pereiopods, respectively; g, chela of first pereiopod; h, basal podomeres of fifth pereiopod with spennatophore

emerging from base of coxa. (Scale in mm.)
NUMBER 240 19

between 23°8 and 26°8 C, the pH between 6.8 and "swift swimmers and are extremely sensitive to

7.4, the contents of dissolved oxygen between 0.57 vibrations in the water." The latter also indicated

and 4.56 cc per liter, the salinity between 0.05 and that in their stomachs were found chitinous ele0.33 grams NaCl per liter." He repeated the observa- ments, among which was a small claw of the same

tions of Greaser (1936) that not only have they been species,

observed crawling over the bottom but also they are
Appendix

Summary of Distribution

Troglobitic shrimp fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula

Localities

1. Cenote de la Culebra

2. Grutas de Tzab-Nah

3. Cenote Chen Mul

4. Cenote Kabahchen

5. Cueva de Sodzil

6. Cueva de Orizaba

7. Cenote Aka Chen

8. Cenote de la Paca

9. Cenote de Xtacabiha

10. Grutas de Xtacumbilxunam

11. Cueva del Pochote

12. Cenote Calchum

13. Cenote de las Abejas

14. Cueva de San Isidro

15. Cueva de Santa Elena

16. Pozo de Santa Elena

17. Cenote de Hoctiin

18. Cueva Balaam Canche

19. Cueva del Ponte

( = ? Cueva del Pochote)

20. Gruta de Chac

21. Cueva Xpukil

22. Cenote Amil

23. Cueva Yunch£n

24. Cueva Chac Mol

25. Cueva Gongora

26. Cenote X-ebiz

27. PCueva Xconsacab

28. ?Cenote de Sambulha

T. mitchelli T. campecheae T. pearsei C. morleyi

20
MAP 1.—Range of the genus Typhlatya in Campeche and Yucatan. (Numbers adjacent to localities refer to caves listed in appendix table.)

MAP 2.—Range of Creaseria morleyi. (Numbers adjacent to localities refer to caves listed in

appendix table.)
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NUMBER 240 23

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