Pontoniinid Shrimps

from the Ninth Cruise

of RIV Anton Bruun,

I WE, 1964:

I. Palaemonella Dana

and Periclimenes Costa

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 82
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 82

A. j . Bmce Pontoniinid Shrimps

from the Ninth Cruise

of R/V Anton Bruun,

HOE, 1964:

I. Palaemonella Dana

and Periclimenes Costa

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

1971
ABSTRACT

Bruce, A. J. Pontoniinid Shrimps from the Ninth Cruise of R/V Anton Bruun,

IIOE, 1964: I. Palaemonella Dana and Periclimenes Costa. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 82, 13 pages, 1971.—A collection of pontoniinid

shrimps was made in the western Indian Ocean in 1964, during the International

Indian Ocean Expedition. Shrimps belonging to the two genera Palaemonella

Dana (two species) and Periclimenes Costa (eighteen species) are reported upon.

The collection provides further information upon the hosts of several of the

commensal species of Periclimenes, including a number of new records, and

extends present knowledge of the distribution of these species, several of which

have not been previously recorded in the western Indian Ocean.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1971

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents (paper cover)
A. j . Bruce Pontoniinid Shrimps

from the Ninth Cruise

of R/V Anton Bruun,

HOE, 1964:

I. Palaemonella Dana

and Periclimenes Costa

Introduction

During November and December 1964, the writer

participated in a cruise of United States research

vessel Anton Bruiin. The cruise was the ninth of a

series carried out in the Indian Ocean as part of

the United States Program in Biology for the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE), under

the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.

The ninth cruise covered much of the western part

of the Indian Ocean and provided numerous opportunities for making littoral collections as well as for

obtaining specimens from deeper water by means of

trawls. A particular effort was made to collect as

wide a range of the commensal shrimps of the subfamily Pontoniinae as possible, and special attention

was paid to the identification of their hosts.

Information on the pontoniinid fauna of the western Indian Ocean has been based mainly upon the

publications of Borradaile (1898, 1915, 1917) and

Barnard (1950, 1955, 1958), although many authors

have provided numerous records of isolated occurrences. The present collection provides further information upon several rare or little known species,

their hosts and the extent of their geographical

ranges.

Altogether forty-three species of pontoniinid

shrimp were collected during the cruise. The majorA. J. Bruce, East African Marine Fisheries Research Organization.

ity of species were obtained from coral reefs at depths

of less than 3 fathoms, but some of the trawled specimens were obtained from depths of down to 95

fathoms. A number of the specimens reported upon

were obtained from material collected by Dr. R. U.

Gooding in the course of his examination of suitable hosts for commensal or parasitic copepods.

Some of the new taxa have already been described

(Bruce, 1967, 1969), and some of the data concerning hosts has also been reported (Bruce, in press).

A general report upon twenty species belonging

to the genera Palaemonella Dana and Periclimenes

Costa is now presented and the remaining genera

will be dealt with in a subsequent paper. A representative collection of the species obtained will be

deposited in the Smithsonian Institution of Natural

History (USNM). Full synonymies may be found in

Holthius (1952).

The course followed by the research vessel Anton

Brnun during Cruise 9 is shown on the map (page

3) and the details of the stations from which pontoniinid shrimps were obtained are given in Table 1

(page 2).

Acknowledgments

I wish to express my gratitude to the National

Science Foundation, which enabled me to participate in the ninth cruise of the research vessel Anton

Bruun in the western Indian Ocean Expedition in

1964, and to the Chief Scientist for Cruise Nine,

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—Details of Stations from Which Specimens Reported upon Were Obtained.

No. Location at which collection was made

1. Andromache Reef, off Mombasa,

Kenya

2. Latham Island

3. S. of Moroni Grande Comore

Island, Comoro Archipelago

4. Mounimeri Island, He Mayotte,

Comoro Archipelago

5. Pamanzi Island, He Mayotte,

Comoro Archipelago

6. Pamanzi Island, lie Mayotte,

Comoro Archipelago

7. Pamanzi Island, He Mayotte,

Comoro Archipelago

8. Mounimeri Island, He Mayotte,

Comoro Archipelago

9. Bandeli Island, He Mayotte,

Comoro Archipelago

10. Moroni, Grande Comore,

Comoro Archipelago

11. Aldabra Island

12. Aldabra Island

13. Farquhar Island

14. Resource Island, St. Joseph Atoll

Amirante Islands

15. Victoria Harbour, Mane,

Seychelles Islands

16. Anse Royale, Mahe,

Seychelles Islands

17. Cerf Island, Mahe,

Seychelles Islands

18. Station 9-442

19. Station 9-444

20. Station 9-459

21. Station 9-463

22. Gold Mohur Bay, Aden

04o05'S. 40°40.7'E.

06°54'S. 39°56'E.

11°45.6'S. 43o15.0'E.

12°48.7'S. 45°15.0'E.

12°495'S. 45°18.0'E.

12°495'S. 45°18.0'E.

12°50.4'S. 45°18.0'E.

12°49.0'S. 45°15.I'E.

12°53.3'S. 45°15.8'E.

11°355'S. 43°15.O'E.

8°22.0'S. 45°15.0'E.

8°23.0'S. 45°17.O'E.

9°06.4'S. 51°11.0'E.

5°24'23"S. 53°13'I8"E.

(approx)

4°37.3'S. 55°27.7'E.

4°44.8'S. 55°31.0'E.

4°35.6'S. 55°3O.0'E.

09°35'N. 50°59'E.

09°36'N. 51°01'E.

11°18'N. 51°08'E.

11°24'N. 51°35'E.

Date (1964)

15 November

20

22

23

23

24

25

25

28

27

3

4

6

8

9

10

11

16

16

17

18

12

November

November

November

November

November

November

November

November

November

December

December

December

December

December

December

December

December

December

December

December

December

Collection data

Reef

Reef

Weedy shore with

scattered corals

Coral reef in lagoon

Coral reef, outer edge

Coral reef, inner edge

Coral reef, inner edge

Coral reef, in lagoon

Coral reef, outer edge

Weedy flats with corals

Coral reef flats in main

entrance channel

Coral reef flats in lagoon

Sheltered coral reef flats

Lagoon flats with

scattered corals

Sheltered coral reef

Coral reef flats

Sandy flats with Thalassia

and isolated corals

Gulf of Mexico

shrimp trawl

Gulf of Mexico

shrimp trawl

Gulf of Mexico

shrimp trawl

Gulf of Mexico

shrimp trawl

Weedy flats with

scattered corals

Depth,

temperature

0-1 fm.

0-3 fm.

0-2 fm.

0-2 fm.

0-1 fm.

0-1 fm.

0-1 fm.

0-2 fm.

0-1 fm.

0-2 fm.

0-1 fm.

0-1 fm.

0-1 fm.

0-2 fm.

0-1 fm.

0-2 fm.

38-43 fm.

42-45 fm.

Bottom temp. 16.94°C,

salinity 35.345

14-16 fm.

Bottom temp. 21.22°C,

salinity 35.518

45-95 fm., mainly

82 fm.

0-2 fm.

SPECIES COLLECTED DURING CRUISE 9

1. Palaemonella tenuipes Dana, 1852

2. Palaemonella vestigialis Kemp, 1922

3. Periclimenes petitthouarsi (Audouin, 1825)

4. Periclimenes lutescens (Dana, 1852)

">. Periclimenes ensifrons (Dana, 1852)

6. Periclimenes grandis (Stimpson, 1860)

7. Periclemenes elegans (Paulson, 1875)

8. Periclimenes spiniferus (de Man, 1902)

9. Periclimenes brevicarpalis (Schenkel, 1902)

10. Periclimenes soror Nobili, 1904

11. Periclimenes incertus Borradaile, 1915

12. Periclimenes seychellensis Borradaile, 1915

13. Periclimenes latipollex Kemp, 1922

14. Periclimenes lanipes Kemp, 1922

15. Periclimenes diversipes Kemp, 1922

16. Periclimenes inornatus Kemp, 1922

17. Periclimenes antonbruunii Bruce, 1967

18. Periclimenes imperator Bruce, 1967

19. Periclimenes zanzibaricus Bruce, 1967

20. Periclimenes mahei Bruce, 1969
NUMBER 8 2

3<f

ANTON BRUUN

Cruise Nine, I.I.C

December, 1964

is

30*

FIGURE 1.—Map of Cruise 9, December 1964, of the research vessel Anton Bruun for the International Indian Ocean Expedition, under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation,

showing the collecting stations listed in Table I.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Dr. E. Chin. I am also indebted to the following

systematists for the identification of the host animals

of the shrimps reported upon in this paper: Dr.

J.W. Wells (corals); Dr. H. Utinomi (gorgonians);

Miss A.M. Clark, Dr. D.L. Pawson, and Dr. D.M.

Devaney (Echinoderms).

Family PALAEMONIDAE Samouelle, 1819

Subfamily PONTONIINAE Kingsley, 1878

Genus Palaemonella Dana, 1852

1. Palaemonella tenuipes Dana, 1852

Restricted synonymy:

Palaemonella tenuipes Dana, 1852, p. 25; 1852a, p. 582; 1855,

pi. 38 (fig. 3) .—Borradaile, 1917, p. 358-Kemp, 1922, p.

129, figs. 7b, 8-Holthuis, 1952, pp. 8, 27-28, [full synonymy]; 1953, p. 55.

Palaemonella tridentata Borradaile, 1917, p. 323, 358.

MATERIAL EXAMINED— (1) Farquhar Is., 6 December 1964,1 $.

REMARKS.—The single specimen obtained agrees

well with the description given by Kemp and bears

a distinct subterminal medial carpal spine on the

second pereiopods. The species has not been previously recorded from the southwestern Indian Ocean.

HABITAT.—The specimen was obtained from shallow barren pools on the outer reef flat.

DISTRIBUTION.—Holthuis (1952) has remarked that

many of the published records probably apply to

the much commoner species Palaemonella vestigialis

Kemp. The following records can probably be safely

referred to P. tenuipes: Sulu Sea (Dana); Ellice Is.,

Maldive Islands, (Borradaile, 1917); Chagos Archipelago, (Kemp, 1922); Red Sea, (Tattersall, 1921).

2. Palaemonella vestigialis Kemp, 1922

Restricted synonymy:

Periclimenes vitiensis Nobili, 1899, p. 234.

Palaemonella tenuipes Rathbun, 1906, p. 925.

Palaemonella vestigialis Kemp, 1922, p. 123, figs. 1, 2, pi. 3

fig. 2; 1925, p. 321 .-Caiman, 1939, p. 210-Holthuis, 1952,

pp. 8, 24, fig. 3 [full synonymy]; 1953, p. 55.-Barnard,

1958, pp. 11. 14, fig. 3.-Holthuis and Gottlieb, 1958, pp. 26,

112-Johnson, 1961, pp. 58, 61, 62, tab. 1 (p. 75).

Periclimenes rotumanus McNeill, 1968, p. 22.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Mounimeri Is., Zaoudzi,

lie Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 23 November 1964, 1

ovig. $, 1 juv. (2) Pamanzi Is., lie Mayotte,

Comoro Islands, 24 November 1964, 2 <5 . (3) Anse

Royale, Mahe, Seychelles Islands, 10 December

1964, 13, 3 ovig. $. (4) Cerf Is., Mahe, Seychelles Islands, 11 December 1964, 8, incl. 1 adult

3 , 2 ovig. $ . (5) Gold Mohur Bay, Aden, 21

December 1964,1 $ .

REMARKS.—The specimens agree well with the

description and figures given by Kemp (1922). The

postorbital ridge is well marked but the tubercle is

vestigial or absent. In all specimens there is no suggestion of a spine on this position.

Coloration on capture noted as mainly transparent but with a dark brown ring around the middle

and the base of the fingers of the second pereiopods

and the rest of the finger white. The palms of the

chela of the second pereipods were feebly yellowish.

The cornea shows a pair of dark transverse bars.

HABITAT.—The specimens were obtained from

shallow pools, often containing corals, from depths

0.5-2.0 fathoms below low water tide level. Palaemonella vestigialis has been frequently reported as

associated with corals (e.g., Johnson, 1961). Some of

the specimens included in this report were obtained

from corals of the genera Pocillopora, Acropora, and

Porites, but this species is equally common in pools

without corals, where it may be commonly found

in dead coral lumps or under rocks. The association

with corals is therefore to be regarded as accidental.

DISTRIBUTION.—Palaemonella vestigialis is widely

distributed throughout the Indo-West-Pacific region

and now also occurs in the eastern Mediterranean

(Holthuis and Gottlieb, 1958). The only other record of this species in the southwest Indian Ocean is

that of Barnard (1958) who has provisionally reported the occurrence of the species at Delagoa Bay,

Mozambique. There seems no reason to doubt that

Barnard's record is correct.

3. Periclimenes petitthouarsi (Audouin, 1825)

Restricted synonymy:

Palaemon petitthouarsi Audouin, 1825, p. 91.

Anchistia inaequimana Heller, 1861, p. 28.

Anchistia petitthouarsi Paulson, 1875, p. 114.

Periclimenes petitthouarsi Borradaile, 1898, p. 381.

Periclimenes (Falciger) petitthouarsi Borradaile, 1917, p. 369.

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) petitthouarsi Kemp, 1922, p. 170
NUMBER 8 2

(key), 196.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) petitthouarsi Holthuis, 1952, pp. 12,

78-79 [full synonymy]; 1953, p. 3.

^Periclimenes sp. Foumanoir, 1955, pp. 25-26, fig. 2.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Mounimeri Is., Zaoudzi, lie Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 23 November

1964, 28 specimens. (2) Bandeli Is., lie Mayotte,

Comoro Islands, 24 November 1964, 1 $ . (3)

Gold Mohur Bay, Aden, 21 December 1964, 18

specimens.

REMARKS.—The specimens are identical with Periclimenes spiniferns (de Man) except for the complete absence of a supraorbital spine. Holthuis

(1952, 1953) has remarked that the distribution of

P. petitthouarsi is limited to the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. The discovery of this species in the

Comoro Islands therefore indicates a more extensive

distribution in the western Indian Ocean (see remarks under P. spiniferus). The specimen figured

by Foumanoir (1955, Figure 2) also appears to be

P. petitthouarsi. Although the characteristic foveae

on the cutting edges of the fingers of the second

pereiopod are not mentioned by Foumanoir, the

fixed finger is reported to be provided with a distinct tooth that fits into a hollow in the dactyl when

the fingers are closed, as occurs in this species.

HABITAT.—The specimens were obtained from live

corals (Seriatopora sp.) from depths of 0.5-1.5 fathoms as well as from dead coral and under old coral

slabs.

DISTRIBUTION.—Numerous localities throughout

the Red Sea and from northeast of Arzani Island,

Persian Gulf.

4. Periclimenes lutescens (Dana, 1852)

Restricted synonymy:

Harpilius lutescens Dana, 1852, p. 25; 1852a, p. 576; 1855, p.

12, pi. 39 (fig. 4).

?Harpilius lutescens Kemp, 1922, p. 235, figs. 72-73.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) lutescens Holthuis, 1952, pp. 12, 88;

1958, p. 9.-Patton, 1966, p. 275, tab. 1 (p. 288), tab. 2 (p.

290).

Periclimenes (Harpilius) ? lutescens Johnson, 1961, pp. 58, 63,

tab. 1 (p. 76) .

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Moroni, Grand Cornore, Comoro Islands, 22 November 1964, 6 juveniles.

(2) Moroni, Grande Comore, Comoro Islands, 27

November, 1964, 1 9 . (3) Mounimeri Is., Zaoudi, lie

Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 23 November 1964 1 $ .

REMARKS.—The specimens agree with the description of the species as given by Kemp (1922), except

that the rostral midrib is continuous with the orbital margin, but can only with reservations be referred to Dana's species (see Patton, 1966). The examination of a wide range of speciments from

known hosts throughout the Indo-West-Pacific region is necessary to clarify the position of P. lutescens

(Dana), P. lutescens auctorum and P. consobrinus

de Man.

HOST.—All specimens were obtained from corals

at depts of 2-4 meters. Identified hosts included

Pocillopora hemprichi (Ehrenberg) (2), and Acropora comiexa (Dana) (1).

DISTRIBUTION.—Specimens referred to this species

have been reported from the Red Sea and from the

Malay Archipelago to Samoa and the Great Barrier

Reef. The species has not been previously reported

in the western Indian Ocean.

5. Periclimenes ensifrons (Dana, 1852)

Anchistia ensifrons Dana, 1852, p. 21; 1852a, pp. 580-581; 1855,

pi. 38, la-g.-Muller, 1887, p. 471.-Ortmann, 1894, p. 16.

Periclimenes ensifrons Borradaile, 1898, p. 382.—Nobili, 1907,

p. 234.

Periclimenes (Falciger) ensifrons Borradaile, 1917, pp. 367,

370.

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) ensifrons Kemp, 1922, p. 171 (key),

209-210.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) ensifrons Holthuis, 1952, p. 11.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—(1) Pamanzi Is., lie Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 24 November 1964. 1 ovig. 9 •

(2) Aldabra, 3 December 1964,1^,1 ovig. 9 .

REMARKS.—The three specimens agree with the

short original description and correspond closely to

the illustrations. The Aldabra specimens are intact.

The rostrum of the female bears seven dorsal teeth

and two ventral teeth. The rostrum of the male is

distinctly longer and more slender than in the

female and bears six dorsal and two ventral teeth.

The carpus of the second pereiopod is unarmed in

the female but in the male bears medial and dorsal

low blunt lobes. There is no trace of a spine. In

both specimens the posterior pair of dorsal telson

spines are situated immediately posterior to the

middle of the telson and the anterior pair is situated nearer to the anterior margin of the telson

than to the posterior spines. The rostrum, in the

Pamanzi Island specimen, bears six dorsal teeth, the

most anterior of which is subapical, and two ventral
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

teeth. The supraorbital spines are distinctly smaller

than in Dana's illustration. The specimen has only

the left second pereiopod fully formed, that on the

right side being in the process of regeneration. The

carpus of the left second pereiopod is unarmed and

the distoventral angle of the merus bears only a

small spine. In other respects the limb closely resembles the figure given by Dana (1855). The cutting edges of the fingers are unarmed.

The specimens reported upon here show the closest resemblance to Periclimenes grandis (Stimpson),

except for the lack of teeth on the carpus of the

second pereiopod. The lack of teeth in this position

may well be due to normal variation within the

species or to changes due to limb regeneration. A

considerable amount of variation in the armament

of the carpus of the second pereiopod occurs in the

related species P. grandis (Stimpson) and P. elegans

(Paulson); the second pereiopods do not appear to

be a satisfactory means of distinguishing between

these species and similar variation may be expected

in closely related species. It may be noted, however,

that even quite small juveniles of P. grandis (see

below), bear a very distinct spine on the medial side

of the distal border of the carpus of the second

pereiopod. As the type specimens of Anchistia ensifrons are no longer in existence, it is not possible

to confirm that Anchistia grandis Stimpson, of

which a syntype has been recently discovered

(Evans, 1967), is a junior synonym.

HABITAT.—The specimens were obtained from

small pools on coral reef flats.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Borneo (Dana, 1852); East

Africa (Borradaile, 1898); Tuamotu Islands

(Nobili, 1907).

6. Periclimenes grandis (Stimpson, 1860)

Restricted synonymy:

Anchistia grandis Stimpson, 1860, p. 34.

Periclimenes grandis Borradaile, 1898, p. 382.—Evans, 1967,

p.402.-Kalk, 1958, p. 126.

Periclimenes (Falciger) grandis Borradaile, 1917, p. 370.

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) grandis Kemp, 1922, pp. 171 (key) ,

210, figs. 58-59, pi. 7 (fig. lO.-Barnard, 1950, p. 794.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) grandis Holthuis, 1952, p. 11, 79

[full synonymy]; 1958, p. 8.—Barnard, 1955, p. 48.—Johnson, 1961, pp. 58, 62, tab. 1 (p. 76) .

MATERIAL EXAMINED—(1) Mounimeri Is., Zaoudzi,

lie Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 23 November 1964, 1

ovig. $ (2) Resource Is., St. Joseph Atoll, Amirante Islands, 8 December 1964, 3 ovig. $, 5 juv.

(3) Gold Mohur Bay, Aden, 21 December 1964, 1

$ , 1 ovig. $ .

REMARKS.—The specimens agree well with the redescription of the species given by Kemp. In all

specimens, including the juveniles, the inner spine

on distal border of the carpus of the second pereiopod was conspicuously developed and distinctly

larger than the small acute tooth present on the

upper lobe in some specimens.

HABITAT.—Shallow reef pools. The species is apparently free-living.

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea and East Africa to Japan

and the Great Barrier Reef. Previously recorded

from East Africa, Mozambique, and Ceylon in the

Indian Ocean.

7. Periclimenes elegans (Paulson, 1875)

Restricted synonymy:

Anchistia elegans Paulson, 1875, p. 113, pi. 17 (fig. 1) .

Periclimenes (Falciger) elegans Borradaile, 1917, p. 371.

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) elegans Kemp, 1922, p. 215, figs.

60-62.

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) elegans var. dubius Kemp, 1922,

p. 218.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) elegans Holthuis, 1952, p. 11, 81, fig.

31; 1953, pp. 55-56.-Johnson, 1961, p. 59, 61, tab. 1 (p. 76).

—McNeill, 1968, pp. 7, 23—Miyake and Fujino, 1968, pp.

406-408, figs. 3a-b.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Farquhar Is., 6 December 1964, 1 $. (2) Gold Mohur Bay, Aden, 21

December 1964,1 ovig. ? .

REMARKS.—The specimen from Farquhar Island

bears a very well developed spine on the distodorsal

margin of the carpus of the second pereiopod and

also a large spine on the inner margin. The Aden

specimen also bears a distinct spine on the dorsodistal carpel margin which is subequal to the inner

spine. It seems possible that the latter specimen

should be referred to P. grandis with the other

specimens obtained from that locality.

The armament of the distal margin of the carpus

of the second pereiopod shows considerable variation in the degree of development of the spines in

this species and in P. grandis and the two species

may be synonymous.

HABITAT.—The specimens were obtained from a

shallow reef pool (1), and coral at 2 fathoms (2).
NUMBER 8 2

The species is apparently free-living.

DISTRIBUTION.—Widespread in the Indo-WestPacific region from the Red Sea to the Great Barrier

Reef. The species has not been previously recorded

in the southwest Indian Ocean.

8. Periclimenes spiniferus (de Man, 1902)

Restricted synonymy:

Anchistia inaequimana Heller, 1865, p. 109.

Periclimenes petitthouarsi var. sptnifera de Man, 1902, p. 824.

-Lenz, 1910, p. 567.

Periclimenes petitthouarsi var. spinigera Nobili, 1906, p. 49.

Periclimenes (Falciger) spiniferus Borradaile, 1917, pp. 324,

369, pi. 52 (fig. 1) .

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) spiniferus Kemp, 1922, pp. 170

(key) , 195-196.

Periclimenes spiniferus Balss, 1925, p. 293.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) spiniferus Holthuis, 1952, pp. 12,

76-77, fig. 30 [full synonymy]; 1955, p. 56.-Patton, 1966,

p. 271.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Aldabra, December 4

1964, 9 <j , 8 ovig. 9 . (2) Anse Royale, Mahe, Seychelles Islands. 10 December 1964, 11 specimens,

including 5 ovig. $ . (3) Cerf Is., Mahe, Seychelles

Islands, 11 specimens, including 3 ovig. $ .

REMARKS.—This species is one of the most ubiquitous pontoniid shrimps, found in a wide range of

habitats. The specimens reported upon were obtained from small coral heads, including Stylophora

pistillata (Esper), Seriatopora angnlata Klunzinger,

Porites cf. convexa and Pavona cactus (Forsskal).

Those from Aldabra were obtained from corals

along the edges of the channels in the central lagoon

and the Seychelles specimens were found in isolated

coral heads on sargassum-covered flats.

It is remarkable that P. spiniferus is numerous on

the island of Aldabra whereas P. petitthouarsi is

common in the Comores, about 240 miles to the

south. P. spiniferus has been reported from numerous localities in the western Indian Ocean but the

only record from the eastern African coastline is

from Tamatave on the central eastern coast of Madagascar (Lenz, 1910). Collections of pontoniid

shrimps have been made at Lourenzo Marques

(Barnard) and Tulear (Hipeau-Jacquotte, in litt.)

without P. petitthouarsi or P. spiniferus being

found. Where these species are present, they are

generally amongst the first pontoniid shrimps to be

collected, and it seems probable that neither species

penetrates into the Mozambique channel.

DISTRIBUTION.—Numerous records from the Indian Ocean, including the Seychelles Islands, Maldive Islands, and Chagos Islands and Tamatave in

the west. It extends throughout the tropical Pacific

Ocean to the Tuamotu Islands.

9. Periclimenes brevicarpalis (Schenkel, 1902)

Restricted synonymy:

Ancylocaris brevicarpalis Schenkel, 1902, p. 563, pi. 13 (fig.

21).

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) brevicarpalis Kemp, 1922, pp. 169

(key), 185, figs. 40-42, pi. 6 (fig. 8) -Barnard, 1950, p. 794,

fig. 150e-h.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) brevicarpalis Holthuis, 1952, pp. 10,

69-73, fig. 27 [full synonymy] .—Barnard, 1955, p. 48 (key) .

—Johnson, 1961, p. 59, tab. 1 (p. 75) .—Miyake and Fujino,

1968, pp. 410-413, fig. 4-McNeill, 1968, p. 22.

Periclimenes brevicarpalis Kalk, 1958, 43, 47 p. 54, 75, 80,

117, 126.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Cerf Is., Mahe\ Seychelles Islands, 9 December 1964, 2 non-ovigerous

$ •

REMARKS.—This well known species has been reported on numerous occasions in the Indian Ocean

but has not been previously recorded from the Seychelles Islands. The species has been previously

reported in East Africa from Zanzibar (Lenz, 1905)

and Mozambique (Barnard, 1950).

The specimens agree exactly with the re-description given by Kemp (1922) and the colors noted

correspond to those given by Miyake and Fujino

(1968). Both specimens have six dorsal rostral teeth

and one ventral tooth. The cutting edges of the

fingers of the chela of the first pereiopod are slightly

laterally situated and simple. The coxa bears a

small medial setose process and the fourth thoracic

sternite is unarmed. It may be noted also that in

juvenile specimens the dorsal and terminal telson

spines are rather better developed than is shown in

Kemp's Figure 42, which represents the condition

in large adult females.

HOST.—It was found on the giant anemone

Radianthus ritteri Kweitniewski), which constitutes

a new host record. The hosts for P. brevicarpalis are

normally anemones of the genus Stoichactis and it is

interesting to note that no anemones of this genus

were observed at the Seychelles collecting stations.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known throughout the Indo-West-
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Pacific region from the Red Sea and Mozambique

to Palau, Santa Cruz, and the Great Barrier Reef.

10 Periclimenes soror Nobili, 1904

Periclimenes soror Nobili, 1904, p. 232; 1906, p. 50, pi. 2 (fig.

6) . Gordon, 1939, p. 395, figs. 1-3—Jacquotte, 1964, pp.

180-181.-Bruce, 1965, p. 493; 1968, pp. 1167, 1168.

Periclimenes (Cristiger) frater Borradaile, 1915, p. 210; 1917,

pp. 324, 364, pi. 53 (fig. 6).

Periclimenes (Cristiger) soror Borradaile, 1917, p. 363.

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) soror Kemp, 1922, p. 141 (key) ,

165-Holthuis, 1952, pp. 9, 51-53, fig. 17; 1959, p. 194.

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) frater Kemp, 1922, p. 170.

Periclimenes bicolor Edmondson, 1935, p. 10, fig. 3.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) pater Holthuis, 1952, p. 11.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Andromache Reef,

Mombasa, Kenya, 15 November 1964, 7 specimens,

including 1 ovig. 9 . (2) Pamanzi Is., Zaoudzi, lie

Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 25 November 1964, 1 9 .

(3) Aldabra, 3 December 1964. 1 juv. (4) Cerf Is.,

Mahe, Seychelles Islands, 9 December 1964, 19 specimens, including 1 ovig. $ .

REMARKS.—The specimens agree well with previous descriptions. The species has been previously

recorded in the western Indian Ocean from Egmont

Reef in the Seychelle Islands (Borradaile, 1915) and

also from Madagascar (Jacquotte, 1964).

HOST.—The specimens were obtained in shallow

water on reef flats from a variety of echinoderms

including Protoreaster lincki (Blainville) (1 and 4),

and Culcita schmideliana (Retzius) (2 and 3). The

shrimp has also been found to occur on Acanthaster

planci (Linnaeus), Linckia midtifora (Lamarck),

Protoreaster nodosus (Linnaeus) and also on Holothuria sp. (Bruce, 1965).

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea and Madagascar to Lesser

Sunda Isles, Sulu Archipelago, and Hawaii.

11. Periclimenes incertus Borradaile, 1915

Periclimenes (Cristiger) incertus Borradaile, 1915, p. 210;

1917, p. 364, pi. 53 (fig. 7).

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) incertus Kemp, 1922, p. 140 (key),

150-Holthuis, 1952, pp. 9, 39; 1959, pp. 1-2.

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) impar Kemp, 1925, p. 140 (key),

I50.-Holthuis, 1952. pp. 9, 38; 1955, p. 60, fig. 33a.

Periclimenes incertus Bruce, 1969, pp. 276, 277 (key) .

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Gold Mohur Bay,

Aden, 21 December 1964, 1 ovig. 9 .

REMARKS.—The single specimen agrees well with

the description and figures of Kemp (1922). The

rostrum is slightly more acute and bears nine dorsal

and a single ventral tooth. The first pereiopods

resemble the illustration given by Kemp and the

medial ischial and coxal process are most conspicuous. The dactyls of the ambulatory pereipods bear

the characteristically robust dactylus with stout

accessory spines.

This species has not been previously recorded in

the western Indian Ocean.

HOST.—The specimen was obtained from the surface of a sponge collected from a depth of 1 meter.

DISTRIBUTION.—Maldive Islands, Ceylon, Andaman Islands, Lesser Sunda Islands, and Aru Islands.

12. Periclimenes seychellensis Borradaile, 1915

Periclimenes ensifrons Xobili, 1899, p. 234.

Periclimenes tenuipes (part) Nobili, 1899, p. 235.

Periclimenes (Falciger) seychellensis Borradaile, 1915, p. 212;

1917, pp. 324, pis. 54-55, figs. 14a-i.

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) seychellensis Kemp, 1922, pp. 169

(key) , 176, figs. 34-45, pi. 6 (fig. 7) .

Periclimenes (Harpilius) seychellensis Holthuis, 1952, pp. 12,

66-67, fig. 25—Johnson, 1961, pp. 58, 61, tab. 1 (p. 76) .

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Victoria Harbour,

Mahe, Seychelles Islands, 9 December 1964, 10 specimens, including 1 ovig. 9 .

REMARKS.—The specimens agree exactly with the

information provided by Kemp (1922). The unusual papilla on the eyestalk is well developed in

specimens of all sizes. The coxa of the first pereiopod bears a broad setose medial lobe and a small

subterminal lobe is present on the basis distally.

The fourth thoracic sternite bears a slender median

process.

HABITAT.—The specimens were obtained from

attached Sargassum.

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea, Seychelles, Gulf of

Manaar, Andaman Islands, Singapore, and Papua.

13. Periclimenes latipollex Kemp, 1922

Periclimenes (Periclemenes) latipollex Kemp, 1922, pp. 141

(key), 150-152, fig. 18, pi. 4 (fig. 3). Holthuis, 1952, pp.

9, 47-48, figs. 13-14.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Ras Hafun, Somalia,

09°36'N. 51°01'E. to 09°40'N. 51°03'E., 16 December 1964, station 9-444, Gulf of Mexico shrimp

trawl, 1 $ .
NUMBER 8 2

REMARKS.—The single specimen appears to be immature and the flange on the dactylus of the second

pereiopod is rather less developed than in Kemp's

specimens. The rostrum is slightly shorter than

shown by Kemp and bears eight dorsal and two

ventral teeth, and the lamina appears to taper more

uniformly from the postorbital teeth to the tip,

closely resembling the figure given by Holthuis

(1952). The first pereiopod bears a small medial

setose lobe on the coxa and the fourth thoracic

sternite is broad and unarmed.

When freshly caught the shrimp was almost transparent, with very fine white dots scattered widely

and uniformly over the carapace and first five abdominal segments. Antennae colorless except for a

fine red medial border along basal segment of the

peduncle, extending along the epistome and middle

of the anterior thoracic sternites. Rostrum, caudal

fan, and pereiopods also colorless.

HOST.—The shrimp was obtained from a specimen

of the gorgonian Acanthogorgia flabellum Hickson

from 43-45 fathoms. Previous records have been

from greater depths, of 61 and 166 fathoms. The

association with gorgonians has not been previously

recorded.

DISTRIBUTION.—The only previous reports of this

species are from the Mergui Archipelago and from

the Kei Islands.

14. Periclimenes lanipes Kemp, 1922

Periclimenes (Periclimenes) lanipes Kemp, 1922, pp. 141

(key) , 156-158, pi. 4 (fig. 4) .-Holthuis, 1952, p. 9.

Periclimenes lanipes Bruce, 1965, p. 493; 1968, p. 1168.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Ras Binnah, Somalia,

11 °21'N 51 °08'E to 11 °21'N 51 °09'E, 17 December

1964, Station 9-459, 1 9 .

REMARKS.—The single specimen agrees closely

with Kemp's detailed description. The rostrum

bears eight dorsal teeth and a single ventral tooth.

The carpus of the first pereiopod is slightly longer

than the merus as described by Kemp, but the fingers

of the chela are subspatulate rather than spatulate,

with entire cutting edges. The coxa bears a distinct

medial setose lobe and the fourth thoracic sternite

is unarmed. The meral spines of the second to fifth

pereiopods are distinct and it may also be noted

that the posterior lateral angle of the basal segment

of the uropod is particularly long and acute. The

terminal telson spines are normally developed.

When caught, the body of the shrimp was transparent with broad vertical bands of purple. The

first perieopods were transparent and the second to

fifth pereiopods a uniform purple color. The caudal

fan was paler purple.

The species has been previously reported in association with the gorgonocephalids Astroboa nigra

Doderlein, Astroglymna sculptum (Doderlein) and

Ewyale purpura Mortensen (Bruce, 1965) and from

depths of 20-25 fathoms (Kemp, 1922). It is the only

Indo-West-Pacific pontoniid shrimp known to live

in association with ophiuroids and occupies a rather

remote systematic position in the genus Periclimenes

(Bruce, 1968).

HOST.—The specimen was obtained from the

purple-black gorgonocephalid Astroboa nudum

(Lyman) which was collected from a depth of 14-16

fathoms.

DISTRIBUTION.—The only previous records of this

species are from the Mozambique Channel and the

Mergui Archipelago.

15. Periclimenes diversipes Kemp, 1922

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) diversipes Kemp, 1922, pp. 169

(key), 179-184, figs. 36-39.-Gurney, 1938, pp. 15, 17-18, 27-

28, figs. 61-66, 123.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) diversipes Holthuis, 1952, p. 11.—

Patton, 1966, pp. 274, 288.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Mounimeri Is., Zaoudzi,

lie Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 23 November 1964,

1 ovig. 9 . (2) Gold Mohur Bay, Aden, 21 December 1964: (a) 8 specimens, including 3 ovig. 9 ; (b)

3 specimens, including 1 ovig. 9 ; (c) 2 specimens.

REMARKS.—The Mounimeri female has a deep

rostral lamina with six dorsal teeth and no ventral

teeth. The chelae of the second pereiopod are typical of Kemp's forms a and b! In Kemp's illustration

of the third pereiopod the dactylus is slightly greater

than one quarter of the length of the propodus. In

the Mounimeri specimen the dactylus is about 0.4

times the length of the propodus. The sternite of

the fourth thoracic segment is broad and unarmed.

The Aden specimens are similar to the Mounimeri specimen. The rostral lamina is shallower than

shown by Kemp and less depressed and bears six to

eight dorsal teeth in the ovigerous females and five

to seven dorsal teeth in the rest. All specimens lack

ventral teeth, except for one which has a single very
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

small ventral tooth. All specimens conform to the

a, d types of second pereiopods and there is no differences between males and females. The dactyli of

the ambulatory pereiopods show a closer resemblance to Kemp's illustration.

The color pattern in the fresh material was noted

as being transparent with a pair of fine red lines

longitudinally along the sides of the body.

HOST.—The specimens were obtained from shallow water (about 0.5 fathoms) on the corals Seriatopora sp. (1) and Acropora sp. (2b, c), and Montipora

circumvallata (Ehrenberg) (2a). The association

with Montipora has been previously reported by

Kemp (1922).

DISTRIBUTION.—This species has only been reported previously from the Red Sea, Gulf of Manaar,

the Andaman Islands, and the Great Barrier Reef.

16. Periclimenes inornatus Kemp, 1922

Periclimenes (Ancylocaris) inornatus Kemp, 1922, pp. 170

(key), 191-194, figs. 43-46.

Periclimenes (Harpilius) inornatus Holthuis, 1952, p. 11.—

Bourdon, 1967, p. 171.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Moroni, Grande Comoro Islands, 22 November 1964, 10 specimens,

including 4 ovig. 9 . (2) Cerf Is., Mahe\ Seychelles

Islands, 9 December 1964, 12 specimens, including

2 ovig. $ .

REMARKS.—The specimens correspond closely to

Kemp's original description. The only difference

noted is that the fingers of the second pereiopod

are distinctly subspatulate and subequal to the

length of the palm. The setose coxal process is well

developed, as shown by Kemp, and the fourth thoracic sternite is unarmed.

The colors, alive, were noted as transparent, with

a feebly developed red reticulum over the dorsum

of the eyestalk and a green ovary in the adult

females.

HOST.—The specimens were obtained from specimens of the giant anemone Radianthus ritteri

(Kweitniewski) living on the coral reefs in shallow

sheltered water. Shrimps have not been previously

reported in association with this anemone. Kemp's

material was found on "Discosoma."

DISTRIBUTION.—The only previous records of this

species are from the Andaman and the Maldive

Islands.

17. Periclimenes antonbruunii Bruce, 1967

Periclimenes antonbruunii Bruce, 1967, pp. 45-53, figs. 19-22.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Pamanzi Is., Zaoudzi,

He Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 24 December 1964,

1 $ (holotype), USNM 127358.

REMARKS.—The single specimen has been reported

upon earlier (Bruce, 1967). No further specimens

have since been reported. The specimen was obtained from a crevice in old coral rock in a pool on

bare rock flats.

DISTRIBUTION.—Comoro Islands.

18. Periclimenes imperator Bruce, 1967

Periclimenes rex Barnard, 1955, p. 47.

Periclimenes imperator Bruce, 1967, pp. 53-62, figs. 23-25;

1968, pp. 1166-1167.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Moroni, Grande Comore Islands, 27 December 1964, 1 $ .

REMARKS.—With the exception of one feature

noted below, the single specimen corresponds closely

to the original description. The specimen is distinctly smaller than the specimens previously recorded, (carapace length 2.75 mm), and is probably

immature. The rostal lamina is deep and bears

twenty-two slightly irregular teeth along the dorsal

margin. There is no epigastric spine. The basal segment of the antennule, however, differs from the

specimens previously described, as only a single

spine is present distolaterally, with a simple lobe

medially. The other appendages do not differ significantly from the described specimens but the dactyls of the ambulatory pereiopods, which lack accessory spines, are slightly longer and more slender.

The color pattern when freshly caught consisted of

a pattern of pale and dark red areas. The dorsal

port of the rostrum, carapace, abdomen, and caudal

fan were pale red with a V-shaped extension downward across the central part of the branchiostegite.

The rest of the body was dark red. The colors of

the appendages were not noted.

Normally P. imperator bears two or three acute

teeth distolaterally on the basal segment of the

antennular peduncle, but the number of spines in

this position in pontoniid shrimps, when more than

one is present, may be related to the age of the

shrimp, being less in the younger specimens. The

association with a holothurian is remarkable, as the

previously recorded hosts for P. imperator have
NUMBER 8 2 11

been nudibranchs of the genus Hexabranchus.

In general pontoniid shrimp species are conservative in their selection of hosts, and any particular

species tends to be found only in association with

the species of a restricted number of closely related

genera in the different parts of its geographical

range. There are no other reports of a pontoniid

shrimp species living in association with hosts belonging to different phyla. Different species of a

genus such as Periclimenaens and Pontonia, may be

found in association with animals of different phyla

but each species is apparently consistent in its host

selection, such as sponges or tunicates in the former

genus and tunicates or bivalves in the latter. The

species of the hold-all genus Periclimenes may be

free-living or associated with a wide spectrum of

invertebrate phyla, but in all cases so far reported

the range of hosts is restricted to a single phylum

and most frequently to a single order.

If the acquisition of further specimens of small

size from holothurians should show that the normal

armament of the basal segment of the antennule

consists of a single spine, the specimens should be

given separate specific status. The specimens of P.

rex found on Synapta oceanica (Lesson) from Mozambique, referred to by Macnae and Kalk (1962,

p. 118), are possibly conspecific but it has not been

possible to locate the specimens. The color, however, was recorded as a royal blue, in marked contrast with the present specimen, in which it did

resemble that previously noted for the specimens

obtained from Hexabranchus sp.

HOST.—The specimen was obtained from the holothurian Stichopus chloronotus Brandt collected

from shallow water on reef flats.

DISTRIBUTION.—Periclimenes imperator has been

previously recorded from Zanzibar, Mozambique,

Madagascar, the Red Sea, New Caledonia, and

Hawaii.

19. Periclimenes zanzibaricus Bruce, 1967

Periclimenes zanzibarica Bruce, 1965, pp. 492, 493.

Periclimenens zanzibaricus Bruce, 1967, pp. 62-72, figs. 26-29.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Victoria Harbor, Mahe,

Seychelles Islands, 9 December 1964, 2 specimens,

including 1 ovig. 9 . (2) Anse Royale, Mahe\ Seychelles Islands, 10 December 1964, 2 specimens,

damaged.

REMARKS.—The specimens have been reported

upon earlier (Bruce, 1967). No further specimens

have since been reported. The specimens were obtained from Diadema setosum (Leske) and Astropyga radiata (Leske). The species has also been

reported as associated with Echinothrix calamaris

(Pallas).

DISTRIBUTION.—Zanzibar and Seychelles Islands.

20. Periclimenes mahei Bruce, 1969

Periclimenes mahei Bruce, 1969, pp. 263-264.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.— (1) Mounimeri Is., Zaudzi

He Mayotte, Comoro Islands, 23 December 1964, 20

specimens, including 7 ovig. 9 .

REMARKS.—The smaller specimens have five to

seven dorsal and one ventral tooth on the rostral

lamina, except one specimen in which the ventral

tooth was absent. The ovigerous females had six

dorsal teeth and one ventral tooth, except for two

specimens with five dorsal teeth, one of which also

lacked the ventral tooth. In some of the other specimens the ventral tooth was very small. The fingers

of the chela of the major second pereiopod are distinctly dentate with distally gaping cutting edges.

The minor second pereiopod is only slightly smaller

and is feebly toothed and without any marked gape

in the cutting edges. Six specimens were parasitized

by bopyrids.

HOST.—The specimens were obtained from the

coral Seriatopora hystrix Dana in a depth of 0.5

fathoms.

DISTRIBUTION.—Seychelles Islands.

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NUMBER 8 2 13

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