Straight Talk On Tanks 

Leak Detection Methods For 

Petroleum Underground 

Storage Tanks And Piping 

 

 

Printed on Recycled Paper 
Contents

Do You Have Questions About Leak Detection?...............................................1 

An Overview Of Leak Detection Requirements .................................................2 

Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring........................................6 

Automatic Tank Gauging Systems .....................................................................8 

Vapor Monitoring (Including Tracer Compound Analysis).............................10 

Groundwater Monitoring ...................................................................................12 

Statistical Inventory Reconciliation..................................................................14 

Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control..............................................16 

Manual Tank Gauging ........................................................................................20 

Leak Detection For Underground Piping .........................................................22 

Publications And Videos About UST Requirements.......................................26 

State Contacts For UST Information.................................................................28 

 

Free Publications About UST Requirements 

 You can go to EPA’s underground storage tank (UST) 

 Web site at www.epa.gov/oust to order, download, or 

 read documents online. You can write and ask for titles by 

addressing your request to NSCEP, EPA’s publication 

distributor: NSCEP, Box 42419, Cincinnati, OH 45242. Or 

you can make your request by calling NSCEP’s toll-free 

number at (800) 490-9198. Or you can fax your order to 

NSCEP at (301) 604-3408. 

ii
Do You Have Questions About Leak Detection?

As an owner or operator of underground storage tanks (USTs) storing 

petroleum: 

If your USTs do not 

meet the leak 

detection 

requirements 

described in this 

booklet, you can be 

cited for violations 

and fined.

 Do you understand the basic leak detection requirements for USTs? 

 Do you need help choosing the best leak detection method for your USTs? 

These are important questions, because your UST and its underground piping 

must have leak detection in order to comply with federal law. 

This booklet begins with an overview of the federal regulatory requirements for 

leak detection. Each following section focuses on one leak detection method or 

the special requirements for piping. 

You will find answers in this booklet to many basic questions about how leak 

detection methods work and which methods are best for your UST site. 

Why is leak detection so important?

As of March 2005, almost 450,000 UST leaks had been confirmed. At sites 

without leak detection, leaks were discovered late, after contamination had 

spread, requiring difficult and costly cleanups. 

By contrast, if you have effective leak detection, you can respond quickly to 

signs of leaks. You can minimize the extent of environmental damage and the 

threat to human health and safety. Early action on your part also protects you 

from the high costs that can result from cleaning up extensive leaks and 

responding to third-party liability claims. 

If you need an overview of all the federal requirements for USTs, please refer to 

Musts For USTs, a booklet developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). You can order a free copy of this booklet by calling EPA's 

publication distributor at (800) 490-9198 (see inside the front cover for 

additional information) or downloading it from EPA’s Web site at 

www.epa.gov/oust. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 1 
An Overview Of Leak Detection Requirements

All USTs installed after December 1988 must have leak detection when 

installed. 

USTs installed before December 1988 had to meet leak detection compliance 

deadlines that were phased in over 5 years. By December 1993, all of these 

USTs had to have leak detection.

EPA has identified the following methods that owners and operators may use 

to meet the federal leak detection requirements: 

 Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring 

 Automatic Tank Gauging Systems (including continuous ATG systems) 

 Vapor Monitoring (including tracer compound analysis) 

 Groundwater Monitoring 

 Statistical Inventory Reconciliation 

State or local 

regulations may 

differ from the 

federal 

requirements, so 

find out which 

requirements apply 

to your UST. See 

state UST contact 

information on 

page 28.

 Other Methods Meeting Performance Standards 

The leak detection methods noted above are all monthly monitoring 

methods and eventually everyone must use at least one of them. However, as 

a temporary method, you can combine tank tightness testing with inventory 

control (or with manual tank gauging if you have a small tank), as explained on 

page 4. 

Underground piping connected to your USTs must also have leak 

detection. See pages 22-25 for descriptions of the requirements for piping. 

Brief descriptions of leak detection methods appear on the 

next two pages. More complete descriptions appear in the 

following sections.

Straight Talk on Tanks 2 

 
 Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring (see pages 6-7) 

Secondary containment often uses a barrier, an outer wall, a vault, or a liner 

around the UST or piping. Tanks can be equipped with inner bladders that 

provide secondary containment. Leaked product from the inner tank or piping 

is directed towards an interstitial monitor located between the inner tank or 

piping and the outer barrier. 

There are a number of interstitial monitoring methods. These methods include 

the use of a simple dipstick or a continuous, automated vapor or liquid sensor 

permanently installed in the system to monitor interstitial spaces. Interstitial 

spaces can also be filled with brine or glycol solutions and their levels 

monitored. Also, sophisticated pressure/vacuum monitoring systems may be 

used to indicate pressure changes within these spaces. 

 Automatic Tank Gauging Systems (including continuous ATG systems) 

 (see pages 8-9) 

A probe permanently installed in the tank is wired to a monitor to provide 

information on product level and temperature. These systems automatically 

calculate the changes in product volume that can indicate a leaking tank. 

 Vapor Monitoring (including tracer compound analysis) 

 (see pages 10-11) 

Vapor monitoring measures either product fumes in the soil around the UST 

or special tracer chemicals added to the UST which escape in order to check 

for a leak. This method requires installation of carefully placed monitoring 

wells. Vapor monitoring can be performed manually on a periodic basis or 

continuously using permanently installed equipment. 

 Groundwater Monitoring (see pages 12-13) 

Groundwater monitoring senses the presence of liquid product floating on the 

groundwater. This method requires installation of monitoring wells at strategic 

locations in the ground near the tank and along the piping runs. To discover if 

leaked product has reached groundwater, these wells can be checked 

periodically by hand or continuously with permanently installed equipment. 

This method cannot be used at sites where groundwater is more than 20 feet 

below the surface. 

 Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (see pages 14-15) 

In this method, a trained professional uses sophisticated computer software to 

conduct a statistical analysis of inventory, delivery, and dispensing data, 

which you must supply regularly. Also, the owner can purchase software and 

enter data into his own computer, which statistically analyzes the data. 

 Other Methods Meeting Performance Standards

Any technology can be used if it meets a performance standard of detecting a 

leak of 0.2 gallons per hour with a probability of detection of at least 95 

percent and a probability of false alarm of no more than 5 percent. Regulatory 

authorities can approve another method if you demonstrate that it works as 

well as one of the methods above and you comply with any condition the 

authority imposes. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 3 
 Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control (see pages 16-19) 

This method combines periodic tank tightness testing with monthly 

inventory control. Inventory control involves taking measurements of tank 

contents and recording amount pumped each operating day, as well as 

reconciling all this data at least once a month. This combined method must 

also include tightness tests, which are sophisticated tests performed by 

trained professionals. This combined method can be used only 

temporarily (usually for 10 years or less); see page 19 for time restrictions. 

 Manual Tank Gauging (see pages 20-21) 

Manual tank gauging can be used only for tanks of 2,000 gallons or less 

capacity. This method requires keeping the tank undisturbed for at least 36 

hours each week, during which the contents of the tank are measured twice 

at the beginning and twice at the end of the test period. At the end of each 

week you compare the results to the standards shown on page 21 to see if 

your tank may be leaking. This method can be used by itself only for tanks 

up to 1,000 gallons. Tanks between 1,001 and 2,000 gallons can use this 

method only in combination with periodic tank tightness testing. This 

combined method can be used only temporarily (usually for 10 years or 

less); see page 21 for time restrictions. 

Make sure the 

vendor of the leak 

detection method 

you use has 

provided you with 

evidence that your 

leak detection 

meets regulatory 

requirements for 

performance.

Look For The Proof Of A Third-Party Evaluation

An evaluation performed by a third party (someone who is independent of the 

manufacturer or vendor of the leak detection system) shows that a leak 

detection system can work as designed. The evaluation follows required 

evaluation procedures and often takes place in a laboratory. EPA and third 

parties have developed evaluation procedures for all leak detection systems. 

Although an evaluation and its resulting documentation are technical, you 

should be familiar with the evaluation’s report and its results form. You should 

obtain this documentation from the leak detection vendor and keep it on file. 

The report also contains a signed certification that the system performed as 

described, as well as documenting any limitations of the system. This 

information is important to your compliance with the UST requirements. For 

example, if a tank tightness test was evaluated and certified only for tests 

taking 2 hours or more, then your UST must be tested for at least 2 hours or it 

would fail to meet the leak detection requirements. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 4 
Required Probabilities For Some Leak Detection

The regulations require not only that leak detection methods be able to detect 

certain leak rates, but that they also give the correct answer consistently. In 

general, methods must detect the specified leak rate with a probability of 

detection of at least 95 percent and a probability of false alarm of no more than 

5 percent. Simply stated, this means that, of 100 tests of USTs leaking at the 

specified rate, at least 95 of them must be correctly detected. It also means 

that, of 100 tests of non-leaking USTs, no more than 5 can be incorrectly called 

leaking. This is what is meant by the probabilities noted in this booklet. 

Which leak detection method is best for you?

There is no one leak detection system that is best for all sites, nor is there a 

particular type of leak detection that is consistently the least expensive. Each 

leak detection method has unique characteristics. For example, vapor 

detection devices work rapidly and most effectively in porous soils, while liquid 

detectors are only appropriate for areas with a high water table. 

Some states 

maintain lists of 

those leak 

detection systems 

that have been 

evaluated by third 

parties. Check with 

your state to see 

which systems are 

allowed in your 

state. See state 

UST contact 

information on 

page 28.

Identifying the best leak detection choice for your UST depends on a number 

of factors including cost (both initial installation cost and long-term operation 

and maintenance cost), facility configuration (such as complexity of piping runs 

and manifolded tanks), groundwater depth, soil type, seasonal rainfall and 

temperature ranges, availability of experienced installers, and other variables. 

You should look around extensively for experienced, professional vendors and 

installers of leak detection. Ask questions that help you find the most reliable, 

cost-effective leak detection for your type of facility. Some possible information 

sources are: references from fellow UST owners, oil marketers, equipment 

suppliers, trade journals, trade associations, state and local trade associations 

(especially those for petroleum marketers and UST owners), and state and local 

regulatory authorities. (See state UST contact information on page 28.) Your 

state may also have an assistance fund that may be able to help you pay for 

your UST's leak detection. 

The National Work Group on Leak Detection Evaluations (NWGLDE) – an 

independent group – also maintains a list of leak detection equipment whose 

third-party conducted documentation has been reviewed by the group. The list 

contains a detailed summary of specifications for over 325 leak detection 

systems. Although the list can be used to help select systems and determine 

their compliance or acceptability, the publication is not a list of approved leak 

detection systems. Approval or acceptance of leak detection systems rests with 

the implementing agency, in most cases the state environmental agency. The list

can be accessed via the Internet at www.nwglde.org. 

For additional information about federal UST requirements, visit EPA's Web site 

at www.epa.gov/oust. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 5 
Secondary Containment With Interstitial Monitoring 

Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's specifications, 

secondary containment with interstitial monitoring meets the federal leak 

detection requirements for USTs. Operation of the monitoring device at least 

once each month fulfills the requirements for the life of the tank. Secondary 

containment with interstitial monitoring can also be used to detect leaks from 

piping (see the section on leak detection for piping starting on page 22). 

How does the leak detection method work? 

Secondary containment

 Secondary containment provides a barrier between the tank and the 

environment. The barrier holds the leak between the tank and the barrier so 

that the leak is detected. The barrier is shaped so that a leak will be directed 

towards the interstitial monitor. 

 Barriers include: 

 Double-walled or jacketed tanks, in which an outer wall partially or 

completely surrounds the primary tank; 

 Internally fitted liners (i.e., bladders); and 

 Leakproof excavation liners that partially or completely surround the 

tank. 

 Clay and other earthen materials cannot be used as barriers. 

Interstitial monitors

 Monitors are used to check the area between the tank and the barrier for 

leaks and alert the operator if a leak is suspected. 

 Some monitors indicate the physical presence of the leaked product, either 

liquid or gaseous. Other monitors check for a change in condition that 

indicates a hole in the tank (such as a loss of vacuum or pressure) or a 

change in the level of a monitoring liquid (such as a brine or glycol solution) 

between the walls of a double-walled tank. 

 Monitors can be as simple as a dipstick used at the lowest point of the 

containment to see if liquid product has leaked and pooled there. Monitors 

can also be sophisticated automated systems that continuously check for 

leaks. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 6 
What are the regulatory requirements?

 The barrier must be immediately around or beneath the tank. 

 The interstitial monitor must be checked at least once every 30 days. 

 A double-walled system must be able to detect a release through the inner 

wall. 

 An excavation liner must: 

 Direct a leak towards the monitor; 

 Not allow the specific product being stored to pass through it any faster 

than 10-6 cm/sec; Find out if there are 

state or local 

requirements on 

the use of 

secondary 

containment that 

differ from those 

described here.

 Be compatible with the product stored in the tank; 

 Not interfere with the UST's cathodic protection; 

 Not be disabled by moisture; 

 Always be above the groundwater and the 25-year flood plain; and 

 Have clearly marked and secured monitoring wells, if they are used. 

 A bladder must be compatible with the product stored and must be equipped 

with an automatic monitoring device. 

Will it work at your site?

 In areas with high groundwater or a lot of rainfall, it may be necessary to 

select a secondary containment system that completely surrounds the tank 

to prevent moisture from interfering with the monitor. 

Anything else you should consider?

 This method works effectively only if the barrier and the interstitial monitor 

are installed correctly. Therefore, trained and experienced installers are 

necessary. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 7 
Automatic Tank Gauging Systems

Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's specifications, 

automatic tank gauging systems (ATGS) meet the federal leak detection 

requirements for tanks (this method does not detect piping leaks). A test 

performed each month fulfills the requirements for the life of the tank. (For 

additional requirements for piping, see the section on leak detection for piping 

starting on page 22.) 

How does the leak detection method work?

 The product level and temperature in a tank are measured continuously and 

automatically analyzed and recorded by a computer. 

 In the inventory mode, the ATGS replaces the use of the gauge stick to 

measure product level and perform inventory control. This mode records the 

activities of an in-service tank, including deliveries. 

 In the test mode, the tank is taken out of service and the product level and 

temperature are measured for at least one hour. Some systems, known as 

continuous ATGS, do not require the tank to be taken out of service to 

perform a test. This is because these systems can gather and analyze data 

during many short periods when no product is being added to or taken from 

the tank. 

 Some methods combine aspects of automatic tank gauges with statistical 

inventory reconciliation. See pages 14-15 for more information about these 

methods 

What are the regulatory requirements?

 The ATGS must be able to detect a leak of 0.2 gallons per hour with certain 

probabilities of detection and of false alarm. Some ATGS can also detect a 

leak of 0.1 gallons per hour with the required probabilities. 

Will it work at your site?

 ATGS have been used primarily on tanks containing gasoline or diesel. 

Some systems have been evaluated for use on tank capacities of up to 

75,000 gallons. If considering using an ATGS for products other than 

gasoline or diesel, discuss its applicability with the manufacturer's 

representative. Check the method’s evaluation to confirm that it will meet 

regulatory requirements and your needs. 

 Water around a tank may hide a leak by temporarily preventing the product 

from leaving the tank. To detect a leak in this situation, the ATGS should be 

capable of detecting water in the bottom of a tank. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 8 
Anything else you should consider?

 The ATGS probe is permanently installed through an opening (not the fill 

 pipe) on the top of the tank. 

 With the exception of some continuous ATGS evaluated to perform on 

manifolded tanks, each tank at a site must be equipped with a separate 

probe. Check the method’s evaluation to determine if the ATGS can be used 

with manifolded tanks. 

Find out if there are 

state or local 

requirements on 

the use of ATGS 

that differ from 

those described 

here.

 The ATGS probe is connected to a console that displays ongoing product 

level information and the results of the monthly test. Printers can be 

connected to the console to record this information. 

 ATGS are often equipped with alarms for high and low product level, high 

water level, and theft. 

 ATGS can be linked with computers at other locations, from which the 

system can be programmed or read. 

 For ATGS that are not of the continuous type, no product should be 

delivered to the tank or withdrawn from it for at least 6 hours before the 

monthly test or during the test (which generally takes 1 to 6 hours). 

 An ATGS can be programmed to perform a test more often than once per 

month (a recommended practice). 

 Some ATGS may be evaluated to test at relatively low capacities (e.g., 25% 

or 30%). Although the product level at such capacities may be valid for the 

test equipment, it may not appropriately test all portions of the tank that 

routinely contain product. The ATGS test needs to be run to test the tank at 

the capacity to which it is routinely filled.

Straight Talk on Tanks 9 
Vapor Monitoring (Including Tracer Compound Analysis)

Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions, 

vapor monitoring meets the federal leak detection requirements for USTs. 

Vapor monitoring denotes sampling for petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., 

gasoline) that are sufficiently volatile to be picked up in the monitoring 

well/sampling point. However, the federal regulations also recognize sampling 

for tracer compounds introduced in the UST system. Operation of a vapor 

monitoring system at least once each month fulfills the requirements for the life 

of the tank. Vapor monitoring can also be installed to detect leaks from piping 

(see the section on leak detection for piping starting on page 22). 

How does the leak detection method work?

 Vapor monitoring senses or measures fumes from leaked product in the soil 

around the tank to determine if the tank is leaking. 

 Tracer compound analysis samples for the presence of a tracer compound 

outside the UST system that was introduced in the tank or underground 

piping. 

 Fully automated vapor monitoring systems have permanently installed 

equipment to continuously or periodically gather and analyze vapor samples 

and respond to a release with a visual or audible alarm. 

 Tracer compound analysis requires the installation of monitoring 

wells/sampling points strategically placed in the tank backfill or along pipe 

runs to intercept special chemicals that, in the event of a leak, are picked up 

in the sampling points. 

 Manually operated vapor monitoring systems range from equipment that 

immediately analyzes a gathered vapor sample to devices that gather a 

sample that must be sent to a laboratory for analysis. Manual systems must 

be used at least once a month to monitor a site. Tracer compound analysis 

may be performed on a monthly or less frequent basis by qualified 

technicians. 

 All vapor monitoring devices should be periodically calibrated according to 

the manufacturer's instructions to ensure that they are properly responding. 

 Before installation of a vapor monitoring system for release detection, a site 

assessment is necessary to determine the soil type, groundwater depth and 

flow direction, and the general geology of the site. This can only be done by 

a trained professional. 

 The number of wells and their placement is very important. Only an 

experienced contractor can properly design and construct an effective 

monitoring well system. Vapor monitoring requires the installation of 

monitoring wells within the tank backfill. A minimum of two wells is 

recommended for a single tank excavation. Three or more wells are 

recommended for an excavation with two or more tanks. Some state and 

local agencies have developed regulations for monitoring well placement. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 10 
What are the regulatory requirements? 

 The UST backfill must be sand, gravel or another material that will allow the 

petroleum vapors or tracer compound to easily move to the monitor. 

 The backfill should be clean enough that previous contamination does not 

interfere with the detection of a current leak. 

Find out if there are 

state or local 

requirements on 

the use of vapor 

monitoring that 

differ from those 

described here.

 The substance stored in the UST must vaporize easily so that the vapor 

monitor can detect a release. Some vapor monitoring systems do not work 

well with diesel fuel. 

 High groundwater, excessive rain, or other sources of moisture must not 

interfere with the operation of vapor monitoring for more than 30 

consecutive days. 

 Monitoring wells must be secured and clearly marked. 

Will it work at your site?

 Before installing a vapor monitoring system, a site assessment must be 

done to determine whether vapor monitoring is appropriate at the site. A site 

assessment usually includes at least a determination of the groundwater 

level, background contamination, stored product type, and soil type. This 

assessment can only be done by a trained professional. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 11 
Groundwater Monitoring

Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions, a 

groundwater monitoring system meets the federal leak detection requirements 

for USTs. Operation of a groundwater monitoring system at least once each 

month fulfills the requirements for the life of a tank. Groundwater monitoring 

can also be used to detect leaks in piping (see the section on leak detection for 

piping starting on page 22). 

How does the leak detection method work?

 Groundwater monitoring involves the use of permanent monitoring wells 

placed close to the UST. The wells are checked at least monthly for the 

presence of product that has leaked from the UST and is floating on the 

groundwater surface. 

 The two main components of a groundwater monitoring system are the 

monitoring well (typically a well of 2-4 inches in diameter) and the monitoring 

device. 

 Detection devices may be permanently installed in the well for automatic, 

continuous measurements for leaked product. 

Note: Groundwater 

monitoring cannot 

be used at sites 

where groundwater 

is more than 20 

feet below the 

surface. 

 Detection devices are also available in manual form. Manual devices range 

from a bailer (used to collect a liquid sample for visual inspection) to a 

device that can be inserted into the well to electronically indicate the 

presence of leaked product. Manual devices must be used at least once a 

month. 

 Before installation, a site assessment is necessary to determine the soil 

type, groundwater depth and flow direction, and the general geology of the 

site. This assessment can only be done by a trained professional. 

 The number of wells and their placement is very important. Only an 

experienced contractor can properly design and construct an effective 

monitoring well system. A minimum of two wells is recommended for a 

single tank excavation. Three or more wells are recommended for an 

excavation with two or more tanks. Some state and local agencies have 

developed regulations for monitoring well placement. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 12 
What are the regulatory requirements?

 Groundwater monitoring can only be used if the stored substance does not 

easily mix with water and floats on top of water. 

 If groundwater monitoring is to be the sole method of leak detection, the 

groundwater must not be more than 20 feet below the surface, and the soil 

between the well and the UST must be sand, gravel or other coarse 

materials. 

Find out if there are 

state or local 

requirements on 

the use of 

groundwater 

monitoring that 

differ from those 

described here.

 Product detection devices must be able to detect one-eighth inch or less of 

leaked product on top of the groundwater. 

 Monitoring wells must be properly designed and sealed to keep then from 

becoming contaminated from outside sources. The wells must also be 

clearly marked and secured. 

 Wells should be placed in the UST backfill so that they can detect a leak as 

quickly as possible. 

Will it work at your site?

 In general, groundwater monitoring works best at UST sites where: 

 Monitoring wells are installed in the tank backfill; and 

 There are no previous releases of product that would falsely indicate a 

current release. 

 A professionally conducted site assessment is critical for determining these 

site-specific conditions. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 13 
Statistical Inventory Reconciliation 

Will you be in compliance?

Statistical inventory reconciliation (SIR), when performed according to the 

vendor's specifications, meets federal leak detection requirements for USTs as 

follows. SIR with a 0.2 gallon per hour leak detection capability meets the federal 

requirements for monthly monitoring for the life of the tank and piping. SIR with a 

0.1 gallon per hour leak detection capability meets the federal requirements as 

an equivalent to tank tightness testing. SIR can, if it has the capability of 

detecting even smaller leaks, meet the federal requirements for line tightness 

testing as well. (For additional requirements for piping, see the section on leak 

detection for piping starting on page 22.) 

How does the leak detection method work?

 SIR analyzes inventory, delivery, and dispensing data collected over a period 

of time to determine whether or not a tank system is leaking. 

 Each operating day, the product level is measured using a gauge stick or 

other tank level monitor. You also keep complete records of all withdrawals 

from the UST and all deliveries to the UST. After data have been collected for 

the period of time required by the SIR vendor, you provide the data to the SIR 

vendor. 

You can order a 

free booklet, 

Introduction To 

Statistical 

Reconciliation, that 

describes the use 

of this method. See 

inside the front 

cover for ordering 

information.

 The SIR vendor uses sophisticated computer software to conduct a statistical 

analysis of the data to determine whether or not your UST system may be 

leaking. The SIR vendor provides you with a test report of the analysis. Also, 

you can purchase SIR software which performs this same analysis and 

provides a test report from your own computer. 

 Some methods combine aspects of automatic tank gauges with statistical 

inventory reconciliation. In these methods, sometimes called hybrid methods, 

a gauge provides liquid level and temperature data to a computer running SIR 

software, which performs the analysis to detect leaks. 

What are the regulatory requirements?

 To be allowable as monthly monitoring, a SIR method must be able to detect 

a leak at least as small as 0.2 gallons per hour and meet the federal 

regulatory requirements regarding probabilities of detection and of false 

alarm. Data must be submitted at least monthly. 

 To be allowable as an equivalent to tank tightness testing, a SIR method 

must be able to detect a leak at least as small 0.1 gallons per hour and meet 

the federal regulatory requirements regarding probabilities of detection and of 

false alarm. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 14 
 The individual SIR method must have been evaluated with a test procedure to 

certify that it can detect leaks at the required level and with the appropriate 

probabilities of detection and of false alarm. 

 The method’s evaluation must reflect the way the method is used in the field. 

If a SIR method is not performed by the SIR vendor, then the method’s 

evaluation must be done without the involvement of the SIR vendor. 

Examples of this situation are SIR methods licensed to owners and hybrid 

ATGS/SIR methods. 

 If the test report is not conclusive, you must take the steps necessary to find 

out conclusively whether your tank is leaking. Because SIR requires multiple 

days of data, you will probably have to use another method. 

 You must keep on file both the test reports and the documentation that the 

SIR method used is certified as valid for your UST system. 

Will it work at your site?

 Some SIR methods have been evaluated for use on tanks up to 60,000 

gallons in capacity. If you are considering using a SIR method, check the 

method’s evaluation to confirm that it will meet regulatory requirements and 

your specific UST system needs. 

 A SIR method’s ability to detect leaks declines as throughput increases. If you 

are considering using a SIR method for high throughput UST systems, check 

the method’s evaluation to confirm that it will meet regulatory requirements 

and your needs. 

Find out if there are 

state or local 

requirements on 

the use of 

statistical 

inventory 

reconciliation that 

differ from those 

 Water around a tank may hide a hole in the tank or distort the data to be 

analyzed by temporarily preventing a leak. To detect a leak in this situation, 

you should check for water at least once a month. 

Anything else you should consider?

 Data, including product level measurements, dispensing data, and delivery 

data, should all be carefully collected according to the SIR vendor's 

specifications. Poor data collection produces inconclusive results and 

noncompliance. 

 The SIR vendor will generally provide forms for recording data, a calibrated 

chart converting liquid level to volume, and detailed instructions on 

conducting measurements. 

 SIR should not be confused with other release detection methods that also 

rely on periodic reconciliation of inventory, withdrawal, and delivery data. 

Unlike manual tank gauging or inventory control, SIR uses a sophisticated 

statistical analysis of data to detect releases. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 15 
 Tank Tightness Testing With Inventory Control 

Will you be in compliance?

When performed according to the manufacturer's specifications, periodic tank 

tightness testing combined with monthly inventory control can temporarily meet the 

federal leak detection requirements for tanks (this method does not detect piping 

leaks). See page 19 for time restrictions. 

These two leak detection methods must be used together because neither method 

alone meets the federal requirements for leak detection for tanks. Tightness testing is 

also an option for underground piping, as described in the section on leak detection for 

piping starting on page 22. 

Because they must be used together, both tank tightness testing and inventory control 

are discussed in this section. Tank tightness testing is discussed first, followed by 

inventory control. 

Tank Tightness Testing 

How does the leak detection method work? 

Tightness tests include a wide variety of methods. These methods can be divided into 

two categories: volumetric and nonvolumetric. Tightness test methods are also 

referred to as precision tank tests. 

 Volumetric test methods generally involve measuring very precisely (in milliliters or 

thousandths of an inch) the change in product level in a tank over time. Additional 

characteristics of this category of tank tightness testing include: 

 Changes in product temperature also must be measured very precisely 

(thousandths of a degree) at the same time as level measurements, because 

temperature changes cause volume changes that interfere with finding a leak. 

 The product in the tank is required to be at a certain level before testing. This 

often requires adding product from another tank on-site or purchasing additional 

product. 

 A net decrease in product volume (subtracting out volume changes caused by 

temperature) over the time of the test indicates a leak. 

 A few of these methods measure properties of product that are independent of 

temperature, such as mass and so do not need to measure product 

temperature. 

 Nonvolumetric methods use acoustics or vacuum or pressure decay to determine 

the presence of a hole in the tank. 

 Various nonvolumetric methods are used to test either the wetted portion of the 

tank (that part containing product) or the ullage (unfilled portion of the tank that 

does not contain product) of the UST. 

 Nonvolumetric testing involving acoustics interprets an ultrasonic signal. 

 Tracer chemicals can also be circulated through the UST system and tested in 

strategically placed sampling ports. 

 Straight Talk on Tanks 16 
 For both volumetric and nonvolumetric (except tracer compounds) test methods, the 

following generally apply: 

Find out if there are 

state or local 

requirements on 

the use of these 

methods that differ 

from those 

described here.

 The testing equipment is temporarily installed in the tank, usually through 

the fill pipe. 

 The tank must be taken out of service for the test. 

 Some tightness test methods require all of the measurements and 

calculations be made by hand by the tester. Other tightness test 

methods are highly automated. After the tester sets up the equipment, a 

computer controls the measurements and analysis. 

 Some automatic tank gauging systems are capable of meeting the regulatory requirements 

for tank tightness testing and may be considered an equivalent method. Check with your 

implementing agency. 

What are the regulatory requirements?

 The tightness test method must be able to detect a leak at least as small as 0.1 gallon per 

hour with certain probabilities of detection and of false alarm. To meet leak detection 

requirements, tank tightness testing must be combined with either inventory control or 

manual tank gauging, as described on pages 18 and 20. 

 UST systems must have the combined method using tank tightness testing every 5 years 

for no more than10 years following corrosion protection, spill, and overfill upgrade of tanks 

(no later than December 1998) or installation of new tanks. For some USTs which had 

corrosion protection before the entire UST system met upgrade standards, the combined 

method using tank tightness testing every 5 years may be valid for less than 10 years. 

 Ten years after upgrade or installation of a new UST system, you must have a monitoring 

method that can be performed at least once per month. See the other sections of this 

booklet for allowable monthly monitoring options.

Anything else you should consider?

 For most methods, the test is performed by a testing company. You just observe the test. 

 Depending on the method, tank tightness testing can be used on tanks of varying capacity 

containing gasoline and diesel. Many test methods have limitations on the capacity of the 

tank or the amount of ullage (unwetted portion of the tank not filled with product) that 

should not be exceeded. Methods that use tracer chemical analysis do not have limitations 

on tank capacity. If you are considering using tightness testing for products other than 

gasoline or diesel, discuss the method's applicability with the manufacturer's 

representative. Check the method’s evaluation to confirm that it will meet regulatory 

requirements and your specific UST system needs. 

 Manifolded tanks generally should be disconnected and tested separately. 

 Procedure and personnel, not equipment, are usually the most important factors in a 

successful tightness test. Therefore, well-trained and experienced testers are very 

important. Some states and local authorities have tester certification programs. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 17 
Inventory Control 

How does the leak detection method work?

Inventory control requires frequent measurements of tank contents and math 

calculations that let you compare your stick inventory (what you've measured) 

to your book inventory (what your recordkeeping indicates you should have). 

Some people call this process inventory reconciliation. If the difference 

between your stick and book inventory is too large, your tank may be leaking. 

EPA has a booklet, Doing Inventory Control Right, that fully explains how to do 

inventory control. The booklet also contains standard recordkeeping forms. 

You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's publication distributor at (800) 

490-9198 or downloading it from EPA’s Web site at www.epa.gov/oust. See 

inside the front cover for full ordering information. 

 UST inventories are determined each operating day by using a gauge stick 

and recording the data on a form. The level on the gauge stick is converted 

to a volume of product in the tank using a calibration chart, which is often 

furnished by the UST manufacturer. 

 The amounts of product delivered to and withdrawn from the UST each 

operating day are also recorded. At least once each month, the gauge stick 

data and the sales and delivery data are reconciled and the month's 

overage or shortage is determined. If the overage or shortage is greater 

than or equal to 1.0 percent of the tank's flow-through volume plus 130 

gallons of product, the UST may be leaking. 

What are the regulatory requirements?

 Inventory control must be used in combination with periodic tank tightness 

tests. 

 The gauge stick should reach the bottom of the tank and be marked so that 

the product level can be determined to the nearest one-eighth of an inch. A 

monthly measurement should be taken to identify any water at the bottom of 

the tank. 

 Product dispensers must be calibrated to the local weights and measures 

standards. 

Anything else you should consider?

 Inventory control is a practical, commonly used management tool that does 

not require closing down the tank operation for long periods. 

 The accuracy of tank gauging can be greatly increased by spreading 

product-finding paste on the gauge stick before taking measurements (or by 

using in-tank product level monitoring devices). 

 If your tank is not level, inventory control may need to be modified. You will 

need to get a corrected tank chart. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 18 
Time restrictions on the use of this combined method...

The combined method using tank tightness testing every 5 years is valid only 

after the entire UST system has met spill, overfill, and corrosion protection 

standards. Following entire UST system upgrade, this combined method may 

be used for 10 years after the date the tank was installed or upgraded with 

corrosion protection. Note that the end date is based on the compliance status 

of the tank only, not the entire UST system. As a result, some USTs may not 

be able to use this combined method for as long as 10 years (see discussion 

below). At the end of the valid time period, you must use one of the monthly 

monitoring leak detection choices described in this booklet. 

The combined 

method can be 

used only 

temporarily. Be 

sure you know how 

long you can use 

the combined 

method to meet 

federal, state, or 

local requirements.

Unique time restriction for some USTs...

For some USTs which had corrosion protection before the entire UST system 

met upgrade standardsCthis combined method of inventory control and 

tightness testing every 5 years may be valid for less than 10 years. 

Federal regulations state that the combined method can be used: 1) 10 years 

after the tank is protected from corrosion, and 2) the period of validity cannot 

begin until the entire UST system meets upgrade standards. Therefore, in 

those cases where the tank had corrosion protection before the UST system 

met upgrade standards, the period of validity is less than 10 years. The effect 

of this restriction will be clear in the following example: a bare steel tank 

upgraded with corrosion protection in 1986 (or the tank was made of 

noncorrodible material and installed in 1986), but the piping, spill, and overfill 

upgrades were not added until 1995. The UST system in this example could 

start using the combined method only in 1995 (when the full system met 

upgrade standards) and could use the combined method only until 1998 (the 

date which is the later of either 1998 or 10 years after the tank has corrosion 

protection). In this example, the UST may use the combined method to meet 

federal leak detection requirements only for three years (from 1995 to 1998). 

Correspondingly, when the period of validity is less than 10 years, fewer 

periodic tightness tests may be required. 

Check with your implementing agency for guidance. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 19 
Manual Tank Gauging

Will you be in compliance?

Note: Manual tank gauging can be used only on tanks 2,000 gallons or 

less capacity. Tanks 1,000 gallons or less can use this method alone. Tanks 

from 1,001-2,000 gallons can temporarily use manual tank gauging only when 

it is combined with tank tightness testing. Manual tank gauging cannot be used 

on tanks over 2,000 gallons. When performed according to recommended 

practices, manual tank gauging meets the federal leak detection requirements 

for USTs with a capacity of 1,000 gallons or less for the life of the tank. Manual 

tank gauging detects leaks only from tanks (this method does not detect piping 

leaks). For requirements for piping, see the section on leak detection for piping 

starting on page 22. 

How does the leak detection method work?

EPA has a booklet, Manual Tank Gauging, that fully explains how to do manual 

tank gauging correctly. The booklet also contains standard recordkeeping 

forms. You can order this free booklet by calling EPA's publication distributor at 

(800) 490-9198 or downloading it from the EPA Web site at www.epa.gov/oust. 

See inside the front cover for complete ordering information. 

 Four measurements of the tank's contents must be taken weekly, two at the 

beginning and two at the end of at least a 36-hour period during which 

nothing is added to or removed from the tank. See the table on the next 

page. 

 The average of the two consecutive ending measurements are subtracted 

from the average of the two beginning measurements to indicate the change 

in product volume. 

 Every week, the calculated change in tank volume is compared to the 

standards shown in the table on the next page. If the calculated change 

exceeds the weekly standard, the UST may be leaking. Also, monthly 

averages of the four weekly test results must be compared to the monthly 

standard in the same way. See the table on the next page. 

What are the regulatory requirements? 

 Liquid level measurements must be taken with a gauge stick that is marked 

to measure the liquid to the nearest one-eighth of an inch. 

 Manual tank gauging may be used as the sole method of leak detection for 

tanks with a capacity of 1,000 gallons or less for the life of the tank. Tanks 

between 551 and 1,000 gallons have testing standards based on their 

diameter or their additional use of tightness testing (see table). These tanks 

may temporarily use a combination of manual tank gauging and periodic 

tank tightness (see next bullet on page 21). 

 

Straight Talk on Tanks 20 
Table of Test Standards for Manual Tank Gauging

Tank Size Minimum 

Duration Of 

Test 

Weekly Standard 

(1 test) 

Monthly 

Standard 

(4-test average) 

up to 550 gallons 36 hours 10 gallons 5 gallons 

551-1,000 gallons (when 

tank diameter is 64") 

44 hours 9 gallons 4 gallons 

551-1,000 gallons (when 

tank diameter is 48") 

58 hours 12 gallons 6 gallons 

551-1,000 gallons 

(also requires periodic 

tank tightness testing) 

36 hours 13 gallons 7 gallons 

1,001-2,000 gallons (also 

requires periodic tank 

tightness testing) 

36 hours 26 gallons 13 gallons 

 For tanks with a capacity of 1,001-2,000 gallons, manual tank gauging must 

be combined with periodic tightness testing. This combined method will 

meet the federal requirements only temporarily. See page 19 for an 

explanation of time restrictions that also applies to the combination of 

manual tank gauging and tank tightness testing. You must eventually have 

another monitoring method that can be performed at least once a month. 

See the other sections of this booklet for allowable monthly monitoring 

options. Also, see pages 16-17 on tank tightness testing for details on this 

method. 

 Tanks greater than 2,000 gallons in capacity may not use this method of 

leak detection to meet these regulatory requirements. 

Anything else you should consider?

 You can perform manual tank gauging yourself. Correct gauging, recording, 

and math are the most important factors for successful tank gauging. The 

accuracy of tank gauging can be greatly increased by spreading productfinding paste on the gauge stick before taking measurements. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 21 
Leak Detection For Underground Piping 

Will you be in compliance?

When installed and operated according to the manufacturer's specifications, 

the leak detection methods discussed here meet the federal regulatory 

requirements for the life of underground piping systems. Your UST may have 

suction or pressurized piping, which are discussed below. 

What are the regulatory requirements for suction piping?

 No leak detection is required if the suction piping has (1) enough slope so 

that the product in the pipe can drain back into the tank when suction is 

released and (2) has only one check valve, which is as close as possible 

beneath the pump in the dispensing unit. If a suction line is to be 

considered exempt based on these design elements, there must be some 

way to check that the line was actually installed according to these plans. 

 If a suction line does not meet all of the design criteria noted above, one of 

the following leak detection methods must be used: 

 A line tightness test at least every 3 years; or 

 Monthly interstitial monitoring; or 

 Monthly vapor monitoring (including tracer compound analysis); or 

 Monthly groundwater monitoring; or 

 Monthly statistical inventory reconciliation; or 

 Other monthly monitoring that meets performance standards. 

The line tightness test must be able to detect a leak at least as small as 0.1 

gallon per hour at 1.5 times normal operating pressure with certain probabilities 

of detection and of false alarm. 

Interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring (including tracer compound analysis), 

groundwater monitoring, and statistical inventory reconciliation have the same 

regulatory requirements for piping as they do for tanks. See the earlier sections 

of this booklet on those methods. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 22 
What are the regulatory requirements for pressurized piping?

Each pressurized piping run must have one leak detection method from each 

set below: 

An automatic line leak detector: 

Find out if there are 

state or local 

requirements on 

the use of leak 

detection methods 

for piping that 

differ from those 

described here.

 Automatic flow restrictor; or 

 Automatic flow shutoff; or 

 Continuous alarm system. 

And one other method:

 Annual line tightness test; or 

 Monthly interstitial monitoring; or 

 Monthly vapor monitoring (including tracer compound analysis); or 

 Monthly groundwater monitoring; or 

 Monthly statistical inventory reconciliation; or 

 Other monthly monitoring that meets performance standards. 

 The automatic line leak detector (LLD) must be designed to detect a leak at 

least as small as 3 gallons per hour at a line pressure of 10 pounds per 

square inch within 1 hour by shutting off the product flow, restricting the 

product flow, or triggering an audible or visual alarm. 

 The line tightness test must be able to detect a leak at least as small as 0.1 

gallon per hour when the line pressure is 1.5 times its normal operating 

pressure. The test must be conducted each year. If the test is performed at 

pressures lower than 1.5 times operating pressure, the leak rate to be 

detected must be correspondingly lower. 

 Automatic LLDs and line tightness tests must also be able to meet the 

federal regulatory requirements regarding probabilities of detection and 

false alarm. 

 Interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring (including tracer compound 

analysis), groundwater monitoring, and statistical inventory reconciliation 

have the same regulatory requirements for piping as they do for tanks. See 

the earlier sections of this booklet on those methods. 

How do the leak detection methods work?

Automatic line leak detectors (LLDs)

 Flow restrictors and flow shutoffs can monitor the pressure within the line in 

a variety of ways: whether the pressure decreases over time; how long it 

takes for a line to reach operating pressure; and combinations of increases 

and decreases in pressure. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 23 
 If a suspected leak is detected, a flow restrictor keeps the product flow 

through the line well below the usual flow rate. If a suspected leak is 

detected, a flow shutoff completely cuts off product flow in the line or shuts 

down the pump. 

 A continuous alarm system constantly monitors line conditions and 

immediately triggers an audible or visual alarm if a leak is suspected. 

Automated internal, vapor, or interstitial line monitoring systems can also be 

set up to operate continuously and sound an alarm, flash a signal on the 

console, or even ring a telephone in a manager's office when a leak is 

suspected. 

 Both automatic flow restrictors and shutoffs are permanently installed 

directly into the pipe or the pump housing. 

 Vapor, interstitial, or other monitoring systems can be installed to shut off 

flow, restrict flow, or trigger an alarm whenever a leak is detected. If it meets 

the applicable standards, such a setup meets the monthly monitoring 

requirement as well as the LLD requirement. 

Line tightness testing

 The line is taken out of service and pressurized, usually above the normal 

operating pressure. A drop in pressure over time, usually an hour or more, 

suggests a possible leak. 

 Suction lines are not pressurized very much during a tightness test (about 7 

to 15 pounds per square inch). 

 Most line tightness tests are performed by a testing company. You just 

observe the test. 

 Some tank tightness test methods can be performed to include a tightness 

test of the connected piping. 

 For most line tightness tests, no permanent equipment is installed. 

 In the event of trapped vapor pockets, it may not be possible to conduct a 

valid line tightness test. There is no way to tell definitely before the test 

begins if this will be a problem, but long complicated piping runs with many 

risers and dead ends are more likely to have vapor pockets. 

 Some permanently installed electronic systems (which often include ATGS) 

can meet the requirements of monthly monitoring or a line tightness test. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 24 
Secondary containment with interstitial monitoring

 A barrier is placed between the piping and the environment. Double-walled 

piping or a leakproof liner in the piping trench can be used. 

 A monitor is placed between the piping and the barrier to sense a leak if it 

occurs. Monitors range from a simple stick that can be put in a sump to see 

if a liquid is present, to continuous automated systems that monitor for the 

presence of liquid product or vapors. 

 Proper installation of secondary containment is the most important and the 

most difficult aspect of this leak detection method. Trained and experienced 

installers are necessary. 

 See the section on secondary containment for additional information. 

Secondary containment for piping is similar to that for tanks. 

Vapor (including tracer compound analysis) or groundwater monitoring

 Vapor monitoring detects product that leaks into the soil and evaporates. 

 Tracer compound analysis uses a tracer chemical to determine if there is a 

hole in the line. 

 Groundwater monitoring checks for leaked product floating on the 

groundwater near the piping. 

 A site assessment must be used to determine monitoring well placement 

and spacing. 

 UST systems using vapor (including tracer compound analysis) or 

groundwater monitoring for the tanks are well suited to use the same 

monitoring method for the piping. 

 See the earlier sections on vapor (including tracer compound analysis) and 

groundwater monitoring. Use of these methods with piping is similar to that 

for tanks. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 25 
Publications About UST Requirements 

Available Free...You can go to EPA’s Web site at www.epa.gov/oust/pubs/index.htm to 

order or download documents online. You can write and ask for titles by addressing your request 

to NSCEP, our publication distributor: NSCEP, Box 42419, Cincinnati, OH 45242. Or you can 

make your request by calling NSCEP's toll-free number at (800) 490-9198. Or you can fax your 

order to NSCEP at (301) 604-3408. 

Titles 

Musts For USTs: A Summary Of Federal Regulations For Underground Storage Tank Systems

Booklet clearly summarizes federal UST requirements for installation, release detection, spill, overfill, and corrosion 

protection, corrective action, closure, reporting and recordkeeping. Updated & revised 1995 (36 pages). Also 

available as Normas y Procedimientos para T.S.A.,Spanish translation of 1988 edition of Musts For USTs (40 

pages). 

 

Automatic Tank Gauging Systems For Release Detection: Reference Manual For Underground Storage Tank 

Inspectors 

Manual helps state and EPA UST inspectors evaluate how well owners and operators are using their automatic tank 

gauging (ATG) systems to comply with release detection requirements. Contains a summary of specifications, based 

on third-party evaluations, for ATG systems that detect leaks from USTs and their piping (140 pages). 

Operating and Maintaining Underground Storage Tank Systems: Practical Help and Checklists 

Manual provides brief summaries of federal UST requirements for operation and maintenance (O&M), as well as 

practical help that goes beyond the requirements. Contains checklists, recordkeeping forms, and information to help 

owners and operators properly operate and maintain their USTs (50 pages). 

Model Underground Storage Tank Environmental Results Program Workbook 

Workbook, which states can modify to reflect their laws, helps improve owner and operator compliance with UST 

regulations. Contains general information about ERP; instructions on how to use the workbook; regulatory 

requirements, best management practices, and compliance checklists for USTs; and draft forms and worksheets in 

the appendices (164 pages). Available only online at www.epa.gov/oust/pubs/erp.htm . 

UST Systems: Inspecting and Maintaining Sumps and Spill Buckets – Practical Help and Checklist 

Manual presents recommended inspection guidelines and best management practices for UST system sumps and 

spill buckets. Includes safety considerations; a general introduction to the kinds of sumps; basic maintenance 

procedures for sumps and spill buckets; and a sump and spill bucket inspection checklist (16 pages). 

Doing Inventory Control Right: For Underground Storage Tanks 

Booklet describes how owners and operators of USTs can use inventory control and periodic tightness testing to 

meet federal leak detection requirements. Contains reporting forms (16 pages). 

Manual Tank Gauging: For Small Underground Storage Tanks 

Booklet provides simple, step-by-step directions for conducting manual tank gauging for tanks 2,000 gallons or 

smaller. Contains reporting forms (12 pages). 

Introduction To Statistical Inventory Reconciliation: For Underground Storage Tanks 

Booklet describes how Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR) can meet federal leak detection requirements (12 

pages). 

Closing Underground Storage Tanks: Brief Facts

Trifold leaflet presents brief facts on properly closing USTs in order to comply with federal closure requirements. 

Dollars And Sense: Financial Responsibility Requirements For Underground Storage Tanks

Booklet summarizes the "financial responsibility" required of UST owners and operators (16 pages). 

Financing Underground Storage Tank Work: Federal And State Assistance Programs

Booklet identifies potential sources of financial assistance to cover the costs of upgrading, replacing, or closing an 

UST, or of cleaning up an UST release (30 pages). 

 Straight Talk on Tanks 26 
Videos About UST Requirements 

There are several helpful videos you can order as explained below.

Contacts can provide information about availability and cost. 

Video Title Contact

Tank Closure Without Tears: An Inspector's Safety Guide 

Focuses on explosive vapors and safe tank removal (30 minutes). 

What Do We Have Here?: An Inspector's Guide To Site Assessment At 

Tank Closure 

Inspecting sites for contamination where tanks have been removed. 

Part 1: Site Assessment Overview (30 minutes); Part 2: Field Testing 

Instruments At A Glance (14 minutes); Part 3: Soil And Water Sampling 

At A Glance (7 minutes). 

Searching For The Honest Tank: A Guide To UST Facility Compliance 

Inspection 

Covers major aspects of UST inspections, including protocols, equipment, 

cathodic protection, and leak detection. Directed at inspectors, yet also 

helpful to owners and operators (30 minutes). 

New England Interstate Water 

Pollution Control Commission

Attn: Videos 

116 John Street 

Lowell, MA 01852 

(978) 323-7929 

Doing It Right

Illustrates proper installation of underground tanks and piping for installation 

crews. Part 1: Tanks (24 minutes); Part 2: Piping (16 minutes). 

Doing It Right II: Installing Required UST Equipment

Illustrates installation of spill and overfill equipment, observation wells, and 

piping leak detection (23 minutes). 

Keeping It Clean: Making Safe And Spill-Free Motor Fuel Deliveries

Making pollution-free deliveries to USTs. Includes Stage 1 vapor recovery, 

overfill prevention and spill containment. For fuel tanker drivers and UST 

owner/operators (25 minutes). 

Petroleum Leaks Underground

How liquids and vapors move in the subsurface and why early response to 

leaked petroleum is so important. Part 1: How Liquids Move (14 minutes); 

Part 2: How Vapors Move (15 minutes). 

Straight Talk on Leak Detection

Overview of the leak detection methods available for complying with federal 

regulations (30 minutes). 

Straight Talk on Tanks 27 
 

 State Contacts For UST Information 

State Regulatory Agency Contacts 

See EPA’s Web site at www.epa.gov/oust/states/statcon1.htm for state underground storage 

tank program contact information. 

Straight Talk on Tanks 28 

 

United States Solid Waste And EPA 510-B-05-001 

Environmental Protection Emergency Response September 2005 

Agency 5401G www.epa.gov/oust/pub