1908 2008

BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE

HISTORICAL SUMMARY

2008/2009 
i

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE

HISTORICAL SUMMARY

(RCS CSHIS-6 (R4)

Kathryn Roe Coker

Office of Army Reserve History

United States Army Reserve Command

Fort Bragg, North Carolina

2013
iii

EDITORS

Lee S. Harford, Jr ..................................................... Director

Ressie Harris-Delgado .................... Training and Operations Officer

Jason Wetzel ................................................... Staff Historian

Christopher Ruff .............................................Museum Curator

Jennifer Friend ............................................Museum Specialist

Deborah Foster-King ................................................. Archivist
v

DESCRIPTION

On a dark blue disk the bust of a minuteman (Captain John 

Parker) in cocked hat on a pedestal, between two branches of olive 

or within a dark blue designation band with gold inner and outer 

borders inscribed UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE in gold.

SYMBOLISM

The minuteman has traditionally been used to represent the citizen 

soldier. The wreath signifies achievement and accomplishment. 

Gold is symbolic of honor and excellence and dark blue signifies 

loyalty.

BACKGROUND

The emblem was approved for use as a plaque in 1972 and is used 

as an unofficial identification device of the United States Army 

Reserve. (U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry)

First Printed September 2013 OCH PUB 6-5

 Copies obtained from the Office of Army Reserve History

United States Army Reserve Command (USARC)

vii

CONTENTS

Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii

Command Group Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv

Mission and Vision Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

Soldier’s Creed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xli

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliii

Chapter I. Human Capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter II. Readiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Chapter III. Materiel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Chapter IV. Services and Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Chapter V. Restructuring the Force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Chapter VI. Financial Readiness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Chapter VII. Selected Subordinate Command Actions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
viii

APPENDICES

Appendix A Roster of Historical Liaison Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Appendix B Command Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Appendix C Causality Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Appendix D Honoring The Fallen at Fort Hood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Appendix E Global War on Terrorism

Silver Star Recipients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Appendix F Strength of The Army Reserve

1946-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Appendix G Army Reserve Appropriations

1970-2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Appendix H - Army Reserve Command And Control

Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Appendix I Celebrating The Army’s 

100th Anniversary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Appendix J Army Reserve Best Warrior Competition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
ix

FIGURES

1. Army Reserve Commitments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlix

2. Chief of Staff of the Army Imperatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . li

3. Army Reserve Enterprise Approach of 

Institutional Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lii

4. Army Reserve End Strength, Fiscal Year 2002-2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

5. Army Reserve Gaines/Losses to AC/NG FY 05-FY 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6. Army Reserve FY 09 Reenlistments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7. Reenlistment Trends, November 2008-November 2009. . . . . . . . . . . 9

8. Army Reserve Attrition, Fiscal Year 2005-

Projected 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

9. The Army Reserve Training Strategy and ARFORGEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

10. Army Reserve ARFORGEN, September 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

11. AR-Wounded Soldier Sponsorship Program Lifecycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

12. Operational and Functional Command-FY10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

13. The Army Reserve Transformed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
x

PHOTOGRAPHY

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv

Brigadier General Leslie A. Purser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi

Mr. James L. Snyder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii

Major General Alan D. Bell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviii

Major General James R. Sholar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix

Brigadier General Anne Macdonald. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxx

Brigadier General Jon J. Miller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi

Mr. Kenneth N. Williamson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxii

Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

An innovative, adaptive organization evolving to meet 

the demands of the 21st century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvi

About the Soldiers, the Families and the Employers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxviii

Barack H. Obama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlii

Robert M. Gates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliv

Admiral Mike Mullen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlvii

William S. Cohen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlviii

George W. Casey, Jr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlviii
xi

PHOTOGRAPHY

Donald H. Rumsfeld. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Patriot Warrior 2008 at Fort McCoy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Soldiers from the 377th Military Police Company pull 

security around a Humvee before entering a Mobile 

Urban Training Site village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

Convoys move to and from the Tactical Training Bases 

at Fort McCoy during the Patriot Warrior exercise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Soldiers carry a simulated casualty on a litter away 

from their convoy and along a Fort McCoy range in 

preparation for a helicopter evacuation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

The 492nd Engineer Company constructs a Quonset hut 

on Forward Operation Base Miami for Operation 

SAND CASTLE 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Richard Cunningham looks for safety violations as the 

492nd Engineer Company constructs a Quonset hut on 

Forward Operation Base Miami for Operation SAND CASTLE. . . . . . . . . . 21

A Soldier from the 409th Engineer Company wears the 

proper protective gear while he constructs a foundation for 

a vertical building project near Medina Jabel, during 

Operation SAND CASTLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Specialist Barbara E. Chinyoung, postal clerk, 912th 

Postal Platoon, 912 Human Resources Company, sorts 

letter mail in the operations area of the post office for 

the Silver Scimitar exercise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
xii

PHOTOGRAPHY

Ed Nolley explains to Army Reserve Soldiers the 

process for properly securing a load of ammunition on 

a flat bed, semi-trailer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

A Golden Cargo 2009 convoy crosses the Mississippi 

River into Missouri on Interstate 255. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Trucks from the first of approximately 250 convoys out 

of Crane Army Ammunition Activity, Indiana, wait in 

line at Scott Air Force Base for fuel before continuing 

on to their final destination at Fort Leonard Wood, 

Missouri, as part of Operation Golden Cargo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Sergeant 1st Class Francisco Pacheco, 469th FMC, 

New Orleans, Louisiana, teaches about military pay 

at Diamond Saber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Army Reserve Soldiers move quickly to counter a 

simulated threat during premobilization training at

Mobile Urban Training Site-North at Fort McCoy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Soldiers zero their M16 rifles at a sight-in range at 

Fort McCoy during premobilization training conducted 

by Regional Training-central staff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Convoy movement through Mobile Urban Training 

Site-South is one of the tasks Army Reserve Soldiers 

trained on during premobilization training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Before they deploy, these Soldiers receive M-249 

training at the Fort Dix RTC-East under the watchful 

eyes of the 108th Training Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
xiii

PHOTOGRAPHY

Soldiers from the 783d Military Police Battalion participate 

in pre-mobilization training under the guidance of Fort 

McCoy’s RTC-North by firing crew-served weapons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Soldiers from the 783d Military Police Battalion 

conduct MK-19 machine gun launcher training at 

Fort McCoy’s RTC-North. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Sergeant First Class Solone, a member of the 2-8-2 

National Police Transition Team, 108th Training Command, 

teaches search and detainment techniques to his 

Iraqi counterparts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

108th Training Command Soldiers are engaged by the 

enemy while Deployed in Iraq. The Soldiers scramble to 

take cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 

Army Reserve Soldiers from the 108th Training Command 

are patrolling an Iraqi city with the Army. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

During the Quartermaster Liquid Logistics Exercise, 

Lieutenant Colonel Wanda Hawley, 334th Quartermaster 

Battalion, and commander for units training at Fort Pickett, 

uses a sand table to brief Colonel William Keyes, commander, 

Defense Logistics Agency Energy Americas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Bagram Air Force Base. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

CH-47 D Helicopter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

M818. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
xiv

PHOTOGRAPHY

M931. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

AH-64D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

UH-60A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

King Air 350. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

An Army Reserve UH-60 picks up a load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

MM60M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

John M. McHugh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr., and his wife, Laura, 

center, cut the ribbon at the official grand opening of the 

first Army Strong Community Center in the Wadsworth Army 

Reserve Center in Rochester, New York, 12 September 2009. . . . . . . . . 63

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr., and his wife, Laura, 

at the opening of the first Army Strong Community Center at 

the Wadsworth Army Reserve Center in Rochester, New York, 

known as “Fort Rochester.”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Social Resilience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

A Soldier explains how his group intends on bringing what 

they’ve learned at the Master Resilience Trainers class back 

to their fellow Soldiers as part of the class at the University of 

Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 15 August 2009. . . . . . . . 67 
xv

PHOTOGRAPHY

Couples at a Strong Bonds event. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Participants in the 81st Regional Support Command’s Strong 

Bonds Marriage Enrichment Retreat renew their vows during 

the finale of the three-day workshop held recently at Hilton 

Head Island, South Carolina on 24 March 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

The 3d Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) hosted a 

Strong Bonds retreat in November 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Sergeant Brian Pauley, a food service noncommissioned 

officer with the 3d Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) 

and wife Sarah, work together on a communication exercise 

during the 3d Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) Strong 

Bonds retreat which was held 6 to 8 November 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Lieutenant General Jack Stultz, Jr. signs an Employer 

Partnership Agreement with GE, 17 January 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. and his wife, Laura, 

honor the Fort Hood fallen at the USARC memorial service, 

18 November 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Pete Geren. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Staff Sergeant Aaron Butler, the Army Reserve NCO of the 

Year, packs his equipment during PCC/PCI at the Department 

of the Army Best Warrior Competition at Fort Lee, Virginia on 

Tuesday, 29 September 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
xvi

PHOTOGRAPHY

Sergeant Major of the Army Kenneth Preston congratulates 

Specialist David Obray, 2008 Army Soldier of the Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Sergeant Gregory Ruske, is the fourth Army Reserve Soldier 

in the Global War on Terrorism to receive the Silver Star. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Specialist David Hutchinson is the fifth Army Reserve soldier 

in the Global War on Terrorism to receive the Silver Star. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Activation ceremony for the 99th Regional Support 

Command, 20 September 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Colonel Ralph Hersey transfers command of the 88th 

Regional Support Command to Major General James Sholar 

during the activation ceremony at Fort McCoy, 

19 September 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Army Reserve Readiness Training Center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Groundbreaking ceremony for the new USARC/FORSCOM 

headquarters building at Fort Bragg, 8 December 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Staff Sergeant Randall Slaughter and Staff Sergeant 

Marion Lopez with the 311th Expeditionary Sustainment 

Command plot points on a map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

A 412th Theater Engineer Command Soldier plots his points 

on a map at the 412th Best Warrior Competition at Camp 

Smith, New York, 13 April, 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
xvii

PHOTOGRAPHY

Combat Engineers from the 492nd Engineer Company use a 

crane to lift metal sheeting into place as they construct metal 

Quonset Huts at Forward Operating Base Miami on July 14th 

as part of Operation SAND CASTLE 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Sergeant First Class Jason Junot of the 412 Theater 

Engineer Command commands his M113 personnel carrier 

at River Assault 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Constructing a Ribbon Bridge over a vast waterway, Task 

Force 844 demonstrates multi-functional capability as a 

construction asset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Soldiers from the 368th Engineer Battalion conducted their 

annual extended combat training exercise in support of 

Patriot Warrior at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, 7 August through 

29 August 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Staff Sergeant Diana Carter explains the process of medical 

supply stock control to Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. 

and Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie at Camp As Sayliyah, 

Qatar, 25 November 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. is escorted by Captain 

Christopher Spencer through the U.S. Central Command rest 

and recuperation pass program facilities at Camp As Sayliyah, 

Qatar, 25 November 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

 
xviii

PHOTOGRAPHY

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. meets Sergeant Bill 

Belanger at Camp As Sayliyah, Qatar, 25 November 2008. . . . . . . . . . 128

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. speaks to the Army 

Reserve Soldiers who reenlisted at the 100th anniversary of 

the Army Reserve during a mass reenlistment ceremony held at 

Al-Faw Palace, Camp Victory, Iraq, on 18 January 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Major General Alan D. Bell addresses troops of the 311th 

Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) in Kuwait, 

18 November 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Staff Sergeant Jacqueline L. Hunt poses with Major General 

David A. Morris and Major General Alan D. Bell after Hunt 

was awarded the Department of Defense Soldier’s Medal. . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Command Sergeant Major Leon E. Caffie, center, toured 

Kandahar Airfield to view Soldiers’ living conditions with 

Command Sergeant Major Michael D. Schultz, Kandahar 

Airfield, Afghanistan, 4 June 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Memorial service held at the USARC, 18 November 2009. . . . . . . . . . . 144

Lieutenant Colonel Juanita L. Warman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Major Libardoe E. Caraveo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Captain John P. Gaffaney. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Captain Russell G. Seager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Staff Sergeant Amy S. Kruger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
xix

PHOTOGRAPHY

President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama 

pause to remember one of the thirteen victims of the 

5 November 2009, shooting rampage at Fort Hood, Texas. . . . . . . . . . . 147

Specialist Jeremy Church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Sergeant James Witkowski. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Staff Sergeant Jason Fetty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Sergeant Gregory Ruske. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Specialist David Hutchinson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

The USARC celebrates the 100th Anniversary of the 

Army Reserve, 4 April 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

One hundred Army Reserve Soldiers representing every state 

raised their hands and re-enlisted on the U.S. Capitol on 

23 April 2008 marking the Army Reserve’s 100th Anniversary. 

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. and Command Sergeant 

Major Leon Caffie administered the oath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

A reenlistment ceremony for over 100 Army Reserve 

Soldiers was held on 18 January 2008 at the Al Faw Palace 

in Baghdad, Iraq. General David Petraeus conducted 

the ceremony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Specialist Brandon Harp leads other best warrior candidates 

up a hill during the 2009 Army Reserve Best Warrior 

competition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
xx

PHOTOGRAPHY

Specialist Christopher Ludwig, representing the Army 

eserve Medical Command, checks into a station during the 

Urban Warfighting Orienteering Course at the 2009 Army 

Reserve Best Warrior competition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Sergeant Shawn Zimmerman, top, and Staff Sergeant 

Lucas Heideman square off during the Army Combatives 

Tournament at the 2009 Army Reserve Best 

Warrior competition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Staff Sergeant Michael Lowe shakes a glow stick prior to 

the start of night Urban Warfighting Orienteering Course at 

the 2009 Army Reserve Best Warrior competition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Staff Sergeant Lucas Heideman throws a hand grenade 

during the Warrior Tasks and Battle Drills at the 2009 

Army Reserve Best Warrior competition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
xxi

ARMY ARTWORK

“Hello Watch,” Helmand Province, Afghanistan, Sergeant 

First Class Darrold Peters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvii

“Patrolling the Shadows,” Sergeant First Class Darrold Peters. . . . . xxxix

“Combat Medic,” Master Sergeant Henrietta Snowden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 

“UH-60 Maintenance,” Heather Engelhart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 

“Dust Off,” Sergeant First Class Darrold Peters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 

“Dust Devils,” Master Sergeant Martin J. Cervantez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

“Secure LZ,” Sergeant First Class Darrold Peters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

“U.S./Afghan Convoy,” Master Sergeant Martin J. Cervantez. . . . . . . . . 120

“A Walk in the Dark-Charcoal,” Sergeant First Class 

Darrold Peters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

“Departing the Compound,” Elzie Golden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

“Big Country,” Heather Engelhart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

xxiii

FOREWORD

This volume represents the sixth historical summary for the United States 

Army Reserve (USAR). It traces the component’s significant events and 

developments during the calendar years 2008 and 2009. The narrative is 

based on primary sources, oral history interviews, and facts contained 

in various command and staff agency historical reports; all located in the 

United States Army Reserve Historical Research Collection. The author 

selected significant source documents intending to interpret the interplay of 

those forces and policies that have shaped the Army Reserve and to provide 

a historical perspective in support of the reserve component’s mission – 

ensuring the wartime readiness of those forces assigned. As a permanent 

historical reference, this publication is the fourteenth in a series of volumes 

containing the institutional memory of the Army Reserve, serving as a guide 

for current and future operations.

The history was developed through the professional assistance of subordinate 

command historians, staff agency historical liaison officers and the individual 

action officers, the subject experts on the various complex programs within 

the Army Reserve. The individual contributions of the action officers are 

cited in the footnotes. The research historian in the Office of Army Reserve 

History, Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, compiled the history, while the rest of 

the history staff provided editorial assistance. Appreciation is extended to 

the directorate of the G-1, U.S. Army Reserve Command (USARC) which 

coordinated the printing of the manuscript. 

The Biannual Army Reserve Historical Summary provides a record of the 

component’s performance during the previous two years for the purposes of 

adding historical perspective to the decision-making process, and orienting 

new personnel on the force’s mission, recent activities, accomplishments and 

issues. Thus, I am certain that all members of the Army Reserve will find this 

volume an interesting, useful addition to their professional libraries.

LEE S. HARFORD, JR., Ph.D.

Director of History

United States Army Reserve

Fort Bragg, North Carolina

20 July 2012
THE COMMAND GROUP
COMMAND GROUP

xxv

Chief, Army Reserve/Commanding General 

U.S. Army Reserve Command 

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. 

25 May 2006 – 31 December 2009
xxvi

COMMAND GROUP

Deputy, Chief Army Reserve 

Brigadier General Leslie A. Purser 

8 July 2009 – 31 December 2009
xxvii

COMMAND GROUP

Assistant Chief, Army Reserve 

Mr. James L. Snyder 

27 September 2009 – 31 December 2009
xxviii

COMMAND GROUP

Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Reserve Command

Major General Alan D. Bell

21 August 2006-30 June 2009
xxix

INTRODUCTION

Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Reserve Command

Major General James R. Sholar

1 July 2009 - 31 December 2009
xxx

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Reserve Command

Brigadier General Anne Macdonald 

21 September 2007-9 March 2009
xxxi

COMMAND GROUP

Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Reserve Command

Brigadier General Jon J. Miller

1 September 2009 - 31 December 2009
xxxii

COMMAND GROUP

Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Army Reserve Command

Mr. Kenneth N. Williamson

16 August 1998 – 31 December 2009
xxxiii

COMMAND GROUP

U.S. Army Reserve Command Sergeant Major 

Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie

18 August 2006 – 18 November 2009

xxxv

Army Reserve Mission

The Army Reserve provides trained, equipped, and ready Soldiers 

and cohesive units to meet global requirements across the full 

spectrum of operations.

Army Reserve Vision

A community-based federal operational force of skill-rich 

Warrior-Citizens providing complimentary capabilities for joint 

expeditionary and domestic operations. 

Commander’s Intent

It is my intent to successfully shape and implement the Army Plan 

ensuring the Army Reserve continues providing relevant joint war 

fighting capabilities wherever the nation requires.

Desired Endstate

An Army Reserve with a culture that embraces continuous 

transformation is capable of providing predictable and perpetually 

relevant operational forces to Combatant Commanders, 

and maintains strong mutually supporting Warrior-Citizen 

relationships among Soldiers, Families, Employers, and the Army. 

ARMY RESERVE MISSION & VISION
xxxvi

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

An innovative, adaptive organization

evolving to meet the demands of the 21st century
“Hello Watch”

Sergeant First Class Darrold Peters, Helmand Province, Afghanistan 

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
xxxviii

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

About the Soldiers, the Families and the Employers
“Patrolling the Shadows” 

Sergeant First Class Darrold Peters 

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
SOLDIER’S CREED

xlii

“America - we are passing through a 

time of great trial. And the message 

that we send in the midst of these 

storms must be clear: that our cause 

is just, our resolve unwavering. We 

will go forward with the confidence 

that right makes might and with the 

commitment to forge an America 

that is safer, a world that is more 

secure and a future that represents 

not the deepest fears but the highest 

of hopes.”

– Barack H. Obama,

1 December 2009
xliii

With these words President Barack H. Obama announced on 1 December 

2009 his strategy for continuing the war in Afghanistan, thereby, committing 

more Soldiers to the eighth year of the Global War on Terrorism. Among 

them will be Army Reserve Soldiers, increasing the number beyond the 

1,528 already there as of 22 June 2009.1

 They are indispensable partners to 

active Army Soldiers committed to implementing the 2008 National Defense 

Strategy, as it flows from the 2006 National Security Strategy.

The 2006 National Security Strategy addressed a number of issues. Those 

included: 

a. championing aspirations for human dignity; 

b. strengthening alliances to defeat global terrorism and work to prevent 

attacks against the U.S. and its allies; 

c. working with others to defuse regional conflicts; 

d. preventing the nation’s enemies from threatening us and our allies and 

friends with weapons of mass destruction; 

e. igniting a new era of global economic growth through free markets and 

free trade; 

f. expanding the circle of development by opening societies and building 

infrastructures of democracy; 

g. developing agendas for cooperative action with other main centers of 

global power; 

h. engaging opportunities and confronting the challenges of globalization 

and transforming the nation’s national security institutions to meet the 

challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century. 

That last issue directly referenced the Department of Defense’s war on 

terrorism. The Department of Defense was transforming to meet four types 

of asymmetric threats recognized in the National Security Strategy and in the 

2005 National Defense Strategy: 

INTRODUCTION
xliv

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

1. traditional (conventional armed forces); 

2. irregular (state and non-state agents using methods such as 

terrorism and insurgency); 

3. catastrophic (weapons of mass destruction, pandemic disasters); 

4. disruptive (use of technologies such as biotechnology to 

counter U.S. safety measures).2

The 2008 National Defense Strategy was a 

meaningful departure from previous ones. 

It stressed a shift toward “irregular warfare, 

the struggle among state and non state actors 

for legitimacy and influence over relevant 

populations, employing the full range of military 

and other capabilities to erode an adversary’s 

power, prestige, and will.”3 It called for defending 

the homeland, winning the Long War against 

violent extremists (America’s central objective for 

the foreseeable future), promoting security, deterring conflict, 

and winning our nation’s wars against rogue states and “wouldbe-hegemons.” Achieving those objectives meant shaping the 

choices of key states, preventing adversaries from acquiring or 

using weapons of mass destruction, strengthening and expanding 

alliances and partnerships, securing U.S. strategic access and 

retaining freedom of action, and integrating and unifying efforts 

in a new jointness.4

Recognition that the Army Reserve had a 

permanent partnership in that campaign was 

indisputable in a landmark Department of 

Defense directive. On 29 October 2008, Secretary 

of Defense Robert M. Gates issued Department 

of Defense Directive 1200.17, “Managing the 

Reserve Components as an Operational Force.”5

This revolutionary document unmistakably 

recognized the reserve components as an 

operational force. It set forth nine principles 

constituting Department of Defense policy:

Robert M. Gates

Office of the 

Secretary of Defense
xlv

INTRODUCTION

1. reserve components provide “operational capabilities and strategic depth 

to meet U.S. defense requirements across the full spectrum of conflict;” 

2. “integration of the active component with the reserve components as a 

total force;” 

3. recognition of homeland defense and defense support to civil authorities 

as total force missions; 

4. reserve component “connection to and commitment to the American 

public;” 

5. “continuum of service . . . to enhance the effectiveness of and sustain the 

all-volunteer force with flexible service options that are attractive to a 

broad population;” 

6. “utilization rules. . . to govern frequency and duration of activations,” 

thereby, “enhance[ing] predictability and judicious and prudent use” of 

the reserve components; 

7. “voluntary duty to meet mission requirements;” 

8. adequate resourcing “to meet readiness requirements” and tracking of 

those resources; 

9. “outreach services” “for RC [reserve component] members, their families, 

and employers from pre-activation through reintegration.”

The directive then tasked the various directorates and secretaries of the 

military departments with responsibilities to implement that policy. The 

service secretaries were to ensure their reserve components “participate 

across the full spectrum of missions at home and abroad in providing 

operational capabilities according to the national defense strategy, their 

service force management plans, and operational requirements.” They were 

to ensure to the extent possible in the reserve components force rebalancing 

and restructuring; unit integrity; operational readiness; depth of unit and 

individual capabilities; policies, incentives, compensation and flexible options 

to sustain volunteerism; the flow of individuals between active military, 

reserve military, and civilian service defined as the continuum of service; 

domestic response capabilities; support for the train-alert-deploy construct; 

resources for medical and dental readiness, legal assistance resources, 

adequate training facilities; and the acceleration of force modernization.6

This era of persistent conflict mandated these initiatives as part of the 

transformation of the reserve component to an operational force. 

And just how did the directive define the operational reserve component?
xlvi

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

The RCs [reserve components] provide operational capabilities 

and strategic depth to meet U.S. defense requirements across 

the full spectrum of conflict. In their respective operational 

roles, the RCs participate in a full range of missions according 

to their Services’ force generation plans. Units and individuals 

participate in missions in an established cyclic or periodic manner 

that provides predictability for the combatant commands, the 

Services, Service members, their families, and employers. In 

their strategic roles, RC units and individuals train or are available 

for missions in accordance with the national defense strategy. 

As such, the RCs provide strategic depth and are available to 

transition to operational roles, as needed.7

Clearly, the principal rational for the Army’s efforts to transform the reserve 

components into an operational force is to ensure the Army is complying 

with the directive.

On 24 November, a month after issuing the directive, Gates released a fortyone page memorandum on implementation of the recommendations from 

the Commission on the National Guard and Reserves. The commission, 

established by Congress in the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense 

Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005,8 identified in its January 2008 report, 

Transforming the National Guard and Reserves into a 21st Century Operational 

Force, systemic problems which had evolved over time and recommended 

changes. “At the core of these changes,” the report stated:

is the explicit recognition of the evolution of the reserve 

components from a purely strategic force, with lengthy 

mobilization times designed to meet Cold War threats from 

large nation-states, to an operational force. This operational 

reserve must be readily available for emergencies at home and 

abroad, and more fully integrated with the active component. 

Simultaneously, this force must retain required strategic 

elements and capabilities. The Commission concludes that 

there is no reasonable alternative to the nation’s continued 

increased reliance on reserve components as part of its 

operational force for missions at home and abroad.9

In his memorandum, sent to every senior uniformed and civilian Pentagon 

leader and copied to three cabinet secretaries, Gates called for wide-ranging 
xlvii

INTRODUCTION

policy changes. Gates endorsed eighty-two of the commission’s 

ninety-five recommendations. He “directed that the Army and 

Marine Corps restore their reserve components to the highest 

readiness levels ‘as soon as possible’ but not later than 2015.” 

The Congress, the commission, and the Pentagon, he wrote, “all 

recognize that the National Guard and the Reserves are integral 

to the Total Force and have assumed a greater operational role in 

today’s force.”10

According to Chief, Army Reserve Lieutenant General Jack 

C. Stultz, Jr., evidence of that integral nature and integration 

is the fact that the Army Reserve keeps “between 10 to 12 

brigade-or-higher level headquarters deployed at any one time

. . . . So, when you look at the senior-level headquarters that 

are in the theater that are not in the combat arms,” he asserted, 

“they are primarily in the Reserves and that 10 to 12 stays pretty 

constant . . . . I’ve never seen us integrated as much, never seen 

as much combat experience in our forces as we’ve got today.”11

On any given day, some 45,000 Army Reserve Soldiers are on 

active duty.12 That included more than 15,000 full time Active 

Guard Reserve Soldiers.13 (As of 18 December 2009, 20,237 

Army Reserve Soldiers were deployed worldwide. See figure 1.14

The total number of Army Reserve Soldiers activated since 11 

September 2001 reached 183,896 by 29 December 2009).15

That combat experience was expected to grow. 

Explaining, General Stultz commented, “If you 

talk to any commander in theater, they’ll tell you 

that as you draw down brigade combat teams, the 

‘enabler’ [with its heavy complement of combat 

support and combat service support] bill doesn’t 

come down with it because there has got to be 

a support structure there in place. At the same 

time, as you increase the brigade combat teams in 

Afghanistan, the enablers need to get there first.”16

Speaking of the integration of the total force, in an address to the 

Reserve Officer’s Association on 2 February 2009, Chairman of 

the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen observed that when 

visiting Soldiers abroad, he said that he could not distinguish just 

Admiral Mike Mullen
xlviii

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

William S. Cohen

by looking at them which are active duty and which are reserve. 

“It is a clarion call,” he declared, “to a future that is more and 

more integrated.”17

The call for that integration, of course, is not new. 

For instance, Secretary of Defense William S. 

Cohen in his 1998 annual report to the president 

and Congress wrote: “In the post-Cold War era, 

the Reserve components now comprise a greater 

percentage of the Total Force and are essential 

partners in a wide range of military operations, 

from smaller-scale contingencies to major theater 

wars. . . . Success on the battlefield,” he declared, 

“will depend on the operational and tactical 

synergy of fully integrated, agile Service forces. 

. . . An integrated Total Force is the key to achieving the goals 

of shaping, responding, and preparing for the challenges and 

opportunities confronting the nation today and tomorrow.”18

In addition to an integrated force, Admiral Mullen emphasized the 

significance of the operational reserve component to the national 

security when he stated, “The National Guard and the Reserve 

are vital to our national security. They represent a key operational 

reserve capability at the federal level and perform critical state 

functions. They have been truly brilliant in fighting these wars and 

transforming themselves in recent years. They and their families 

are national treasures, sacrificing right along with the Active force 

in this long war. . . . We couldn’t do without them. . . .”19

Transforming the Army Reserve to an operational 

force was initiative four of Chief of Staff of the Army 

General George W. Casey, Jr.’s seven initiatives set 

forth in 2008. Initiative four was comprised of six 

tasks: adapt pre- and post-mobilization training 

cycles; adapt the reserve component generating 

force; adapt incentives for Citizen-Soldiers, their 

families, and employers; adapt reserve component 

pre-mobilization equipping strategies; facilitate a 

continuum of service and adapt necessary statutes, 

policies, and processes.20

George W. Casey, Jr.
xlix

INTRODUCTION

ARMY RESREVE COMMITTMENTS 

20,237 SOLDIERS (10.0%)

ARMY RESERVE MOBILIZED

8.3% OCONUS

1.7% CONUS

Figure 1: Army Reserve Commitments as of 18 December 2009 

According to General Casey, while becoming more integrated and 

transforming to an operational force, the reserve component, like the active 

Army, continued to be out of balance as the current war on terrorism expended 

resources, resulting in insufficient “strategic flexibility and operational depth 

to respond to other contingencies.” 20
l

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Citing another contributor, he remarked, “Our Reserve Components are 

performing an operational role for which they were neither originally 

designed or resourced.”22

General Casey continued in his four year plan to “put ourselves back 

in balance. So the essence,” he clarified, “of what we’re doing in 2009 is 

to: continue to sustain our Soldiers and Families; continue to prepare our 

Soldiers for success in the current conflict; continue to reset them effectively 

when they get back; and continue to transform for an uncertain future.”23 

(Italics added) These were his four imperatives to restore balance laid out in 

the Army Campaign Plan.

In testimony before the House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee 

on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies on 6 May 

2009, General Casey stated, “We must prepare our force by readying Soldiers, 

units, and equipment to succeed in the current strategic and operational 

environments, especially in Iraq and Afghanistan.” And the force must be 

“reset . . . to rebuild the readiness that has been consumed in operations in 

order to prepare Soldiers, their Families, and units for future deployments 

and contingencies.”24 As General Casey put it, “We must transform our force 

to provide the combatant commanders dominant strategically responsive 

forces capable of meeting diverse challenges across the entire spectrum 

of conflict. . . . The Army will complete transformation of the Reserve 

Components to an operational force by changing the way we train, equip, 

resource, and mobilize Reserve Component units by 2012.”25

The Army Campaign Plan was the operational expression of the Army’s 

strategy which directed planning and execution of Army mission. Its 2008 

Planning Order (PLANORD), released on 29 February 2008, integrated 

General Casey’s four imperatives. The 2008 executive order (EXORD) 

issued in June 2008, stemming from the Army Campaign Plan, established 

eight campaign objectives and forty-two supporting major objectives to 

accomplish the imperatives, one of which was transitioning the reserve 

component to an operational reserve.26

General Casey believed achieving the balance meant completing the Army’s 

growth; increasing Soldier dwell time (time not deployed); completing 

restationing through Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC); and preparing 

Soldiers for full spectrum operations and completing the implementation 

of the Army Force Generation (ARFORGEN) model.27 It also meant the 
li

INTRODUCTION

structured progression of increased unit readiness over time, resulting in 

recurring periods of availability of trained, ready and cohesive units prepared 

for operational deployment in support of civil authorities and combatant 

commanders.28

“At the end of this,” General Casey opined, “we’ll have an agile, disciplined 

warrior team that’s dominant across the spectrum of 21st Century combat. 

That’s what we’re about. . . . So we have to build an Army that’s centered 

on six characteristics, versatility, agility, lethality, sustainability and one that 

is interoperable and expeditionary.”29 “[W]e . . . [he believes] will operate 

in an era of what . . . [he calls] persistent conflict, protracted confrontation 

among state, non-state and individual actors who are increasingly willing 

to use violence to accomplish their political and ideological objectives.” In 

his words, it is an age of “hybrid warfare . . . hybrid warfare being diverse 

combinations of irregular, conventional, terrorist, and criminal elements all 

working together to come at us asymmetrically.”30

SUPPORTING THE CSA IMPERATIVES

2008 CURRENT

IMPERATIVE

• Sustain

• Prepare

• Reset

• Transform

FUTURE

• Improve ARFORGEN

• Adopt an Enterprise Approach

• Reforem Requirements and Resource Processes

Current &

Future

Demands

Restore

Readiness +

Strategic

Flexibility

Sustain

Volunteer

Force

INSTITUTIONAL ADAPTATION

Current

Demands

Restore

Readiness +

Strategic

Flexibility

Sustain

Volunteer

Force

Figure 2: Chief of Staff of the Army Imperatives
lii

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

General Casey’s imperatives in this era of hybrid warfare were evident in 

the 2009 Army Reserve enterprise approach of institutional management, 

as adopted by the active Army, which optimized performance across four 

core enterprises: human capital, readiness, material and services, and 

infrastructure.31 According to the Army Reserve enterprise charter, “An 

enterprise approach encouraged civilian and military leaders to take a 

holistic view of Army objectives and resources, and empowers them to 

integrate related functions to effectively and efficiently generate trained and 

ready forces for Combatant Commanders while sustaining the All-Volunteer 

Force. . . . The end-state is Readiness at best value.”32 According to General 

Stultz, the Army Reserve has already realized “some significant benefits 

in using this approach. Our way ahead in the next year is strengthening 

capability across these core areas.” “Working together,” he declared, “these 

core management areas enable the Army Reserve enterprise to realize its 

ultimate goal: predictable, trained, and ready units – the essential components 

that define CAPABILITY. The Army Reserve delivers the right capabilities 

to the right place at the right time.”34 It is the “vehicle for shaping the force. 

. . .”35

TRANSFORMATION

Personnel

Readiness

Material

Services &

Infrastructure

ARFORGEN

ARMY RESERVE ENTERPRISE

Figure 3: Army Reserve Enterprise Approach of Institutional Management
liii

INTRODUCTION

1 Read ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack C. Stultz’s interview with USA Today, 22 Jun 09.

2 Kathryn Roe Coker, The 2006/2007 Biannual Army Reserve Historical Summary Atlanta, 

Georgia: Office of the Command Historian, USARC, 2008, 4.

3 Association of the United States Army, “The 2008 National Defense Strategy: Implications 

for the United States Army,” no date.

4 Department of Defense, National Defense Strategy, Jun 08.

5 DoD Directive 12a00.17 “Managing the Reserve Components as an Operational Force,” 

29 Oct 08.a

6 DoD Directive 1200.17 “Managing the Reserve Components as an Operational Force,” 

29 Oct 08. a

7 Ibid.

8 Memorandum, Robert Gates, subject: Recommendations of the Commission on the 

National Guard and Reserves, 24 Nov 08. 

9 Report, Commission On The National Guard and Reserves, Transforming the National 

Guard and Reserves into a 21st-Centruy Operational Force, 31 Jan 08. 

10 Memorandum, Robert Gates, subject: Recommendations of the Commission on the 

National Guard and Reserves, 24 Nov 08 and Article, William McMichael, “Gates: Active 

force, reserves must integrate,” Air Force Times, 26 Nov 08, http://www.airforcetimes.com/

news/2008/11/military_gates_guard_reserve_112408/.

11 Excerpts of Reserve Chiefs Panel During the 2009 Reserve Officers Association Midwinter Conference, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, State of the Army Reserve, The Officer, Apr 09, p. 

60. 

12 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Remarks at George Washington Chapter AUSA, 15 Dec 09.

13 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stutz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 31.

14 Figure, Army Reserve Commitments, CAR Cards, 29 Dec 09. 

15 Chart, Reserve Components: NOBLE EAGLE, ENDURING FREEDOM/IRAQI 

FREEDOM, Contingency Tracking System Daily Processing Files, Defense Manpower 

Data Center, 29 Dec 09.

16 Excerpts of Reserve Chiefs Panel During the 2009 Reserve Officers Association Midwinter Conference, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “State of the Army Reserve,” The Officer, Apr 09, p. 

60.

17 Article, Jim Garamone, “Reserves play a key role in U.S. military might, Mullen says,” 

American Forces Press Service, 12 Mar 09.

18 Report, William Cohen, Annual Report to the President and the Congress, 1998, http://www.

dod.mil/execsec/adr98/chap9.html.

19 Article, Lt. Col. Robert Feilder (Ret), “A Legacy Force,” The Officer, May 2008, p. 22.

20 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Col. Richard Crotty, G33 Forward, 

subject: Transform the Reserve Components Into An Operational Force, 19 Feb 09 and 

Article, Robert Feidler, “Imperatives and Initiatives,” The Officer, Jan 09, p. 17. The other 

initiatives were: grow the Army; enhance support to Soldiers and families; modernize the 

force; develop leaders; adapt institutional policies, programs and procedures and build 

strategic communications capability.
liv

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

21 Article, General George Casey, Jr., “America’s Army In an Era of Persistent Conflict,” 

2000-09 Army Green Book, AUSA, p. 20.

22 Articlae, Lt. Col. Robert Feidler (Ret.), “Making the Company Grade,” The Officer, Jan 08, 

p. 22.

23 Article, General George Casey, Jr., “Gen. George W. Casey Jr.’s Remarks at AUSA ILW 

Breakfast,” 14 Jan 09, http://www.army.mil’speeches/2009/01/15/15965-gen-george-wcasey-jrs-remarks-at-ausa-ilw-breakfast.

24 Testimony, Statement of General George W. Casey, Jr. Before the House Committee 

on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs and Related 

Agencies, 6 May 2009. 

25 Ibid. 

26 Article, Larry Topper, “Army Campaign Plan Illustrates the Army’s Way Ahead,” Nov 08, 

http://www.usaasc.info/alt_online/article.cfmcfm?iID=0812&aid+01 and July-December 

2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, LTC William Story, DAAR-SID, 

subject: Army Campaign Plan, 20 Feb 09. 

27 Article, General George Casey, Jr., “Gen. George W. Casey Jr.’s Remarks at AUSA ILW 

Breakfast,” 14 Jan 09, http://www.army.mil’speeches/2009/01/15/15965-gen-george-wcasey-jrs-remarks-at-ausa-ilw-breakfast.

28 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Steven Schweichler, DAARPL, subject: ARFORGEN Implementation, ARFORGEN Reset Pilot Program, 11 Aug 09. 

According to Schweichler, “When compared to AC and ARNG, USAR is the most effective 

in applying ARFORGEN concepts.” 

29 Article, General George Casey, Jr., “Gen. George W. Casey Jr.’s Remarks at AUSA ILW 

Breakfast,” 14 Jan 09, http://www.army.mil’speeches/2009/01/15/15965-gen-george-wcasey-jrs-remarks-at-ausa-ilw-breakfast.

30 Article, “General Casey: Complex Operations and Counterinsurgency,” 28 May 2009, 

http://www.acus.org/event/general-casey-complex-operations-and-counterinsurgency.

31 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, AUSA, p. 132.

32 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Lt. Col. Gary Mann, 

DAAR-SI, subject: Army Reserve Enterprise, 19 Feb 10. 

33 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, AUSA, p. 132.

34 Army Reserve General Officers Town Hall Meeting with the CAR, 30 Apr 09.

35 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitment: Prepare for the Unexpected,” The 

Officer, Dec 09, p. 46. 

1

As noted previously, human capital or personnel was a core enterprise. 

“Building personnel strength,” General Stultz believes, “is the most important 

priority for the Army Reserve.” In 2008, the Army Reserve recruited 44,455 

Soldiers and reenlisted 16,523 for a net gain of 7,142 Soldiers, 110.6 percent 

of its annual goal.1

 The Army Reserve assessed 36,181 new Soldiers and 

retained 12,227 Soldiers or 105.2 percent of the 2009 goal.2 They were 

among the 290,000 Soldiers who enlisted and reenlisted in the total Army in 

2008. That, was in General Casey’s words, “a staggering number,” especially 

given the fact that “every one of them did it knowing that we were at war and 

that they would go to war.”3 In fact according to the deputy under secretary 

of defense for military personnel policy, fiscal year 2009 was the first time all 

components across the Department of Defense met their personnel number 

and quality goals since the military became an all-volunteer force in 1973.4 As 

of 31 December 2009, the Army Reserve end strength was 207,014 Soldiers.5

But, was it the “right” 207,014? General Stultz would no doubt say no. 

“Our work,” remarked General Stultz, “to be recognized and resourced as 

America’s premier reservoir of shared military-civilian skills and capabilities 

that supports and defends the Nation will not stop because we reached our 

end strength. Our strategy now will focus on proper balance and sustainment 

of the force rather than building end strength.”6 Although the end strength 

was achieved, it “is not,” claimed General Stultz, “the right rank, in the 

right MOS [military occupational specialty], in the right location, so we are 

developing a campaign plan to get the right MOS in the right rank in the 

right location.”7 The focus then must be on shaping the force.8 “The vehicle,” 

he opined, “for shaping the force . . . [is] the enterprise approach.” He 

compared his role as chief of the Army Reserve to “a NASCAR driver trying 

to put new rubber on his car while the race is under green-flag conditions.”9

One factor in shaping the force was the shortage of personnel in certain 

ranks. “We recognize a significant gap in capability,” General Stultz

CHAPTER

1

HUMAN CAPITAL
2

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

remarked. “Overall, the Army Reserve is short approximately 10,000 officers 

in the grades of captain and major. In the enlisted ranks,” he continued, 

“we are challenged to develop and retain senior midgrade noncommissioned 

officers (staff sergeants and sergeants first class).10 As of 5 March 2009, there 

were 9,974 sergeants first class in the Army Reserve against a required 

strength of 18,343 for a 54 percent fill rate.11 But on the other hand, as 

General Stultz pointed out, the “Army Reserve is authorized about 30 E-3 

chaplain assistants but has more than 100 in its ranks.”12 Senior grades are 

over strengthened at 118 percent.13 There are as he called it “unnecessary 

imbalances.”14 “An enterprise approach,” he opined, “will positively shift 

these internal imbalances through a holistic recruiting, retention, and 

transition strategy that touches many Army organizations.” The goal is to 

“shape the Army Reserve while concurrently contributing to the vision of 

an Army-wide continuum of service [as noted previously, one of the nine 

principles set forth in Department of Defense Directive 1200.17, Managing 

the Reserve Components as an Operational Force].”15

ARMY RESERVE END STRENGTH, FISCAL YEAR 2002-2010

FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13

Figure 4

“We,” General Stultz stated, “are working aggressively to grow and shape 

the force to overcome these challenges. One initiative the Army Reserve 

is advocating,” he explained, “to combat the loss in midgrade ranks is . . . 

[the] ‘continuum of service’ for a fully integrated force-active and reserve. 

By presenting civilian and military career options, the Army Reserve hopes 

to create an environment for soldiers to move back and forth between 
3

CHAPTER 1 • HUMAN CAPITAL

components as their personal lives and careers dictate.”16 “We must also 

provide,” he advised, “the right incentives to stop the hemorrhaging of our 

mid-grade commissioned and noncommissioned officers.”17

One measure in that direction was the Critical Skills Retention Bonus-Army 

Reserve (CSRB-AR) initiative to address shortages of Soldiers in critical 

skills at the selected grades that have been resigning or retiring from the 

Troop Program Unit Selected Reserves. The bonus was for up to $20,000 

for Soldiers in specific critical skills who agreed to remain an Army Reserve 

Troop Program Unit in the Selected Reserves for three years.18 In fiscal year 

2008, the CSRB-AR produced 895 captain agreements and 184 staff sergeant/

sergeant first class agreements.19 As of 5 June 2009, 1,257 agreements had 

been approved for captains; 30 agreements for chief warrant officer 3s and 

275 agreements for staff sergeants and sergeants first class.20

Another initiative beginning in June 2008 was a recruiting program known 

as Gold Bar recruiting duty. Selected newly commissioned lieutenants 

served as Gold Bar recruiters at the given university’s Reserve Officer 

Training Corps program where they were commissioned or at another 

Reserve Officer Training Corps program. In the short term, assignment 

of Gold Bar recruiters will augment the on campus recruiting program for 

the Army Reserve and will provide supplemental cadre for Army Reserve 

Officer Training Corps battalions that were operating in March 2008 at 80 

percent strength. In the long term, the program will assist in recruiting, 

retaining and commissioning lieutenants for the Army Reserve to meet the 

Department of the Army mandated annual commission mission.21

 

The Army Reserve Recruiting Assistance Program, which began in 2007, 

continued. Army Reserve Soldiers, Army Reserve retirees with twenty or 

more years of service, and Department of the Army civilians of the Army 

Reserve could serve as recruiting assistants. Recruiting assistants received 

$2,000 for each recruit who completed basic training or the Basic Officer 

Leadership Course and for each prior service member who affiliated 

with a unit for four months and had attended a battle assembly in the last 

sixty days.22 In fiscal year 2008, the Army Reserve Recruiting Assistance 

Program’s efforts across the Army Reserve yielded 3,616 new accessions with 

participation from 63,461 active recruiting assistants.23 In fiscal year 2009, 

the Army Reserve Recruiting Assistance Program realized 4,215 accessions 

from over 65,000 active recruiting assistants.24
4

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Having exceeded the end strength objective in concert with efforts to shape 

the force, the Army Reserve has been forced to slow the overall accessions 

which began in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2009. This resulted in limiting 

bonuses and incentives to only the critical military occupational specialty.25

Another effort to combat personnel shortages was the Army Reserve 

Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest Pilot Program, which 

began in March 2009. It was designed to recruit certain legal aliens who had 

capabilities in foreign languages deemed critical and health care professionals 

in specific areas of concentration necessary for current and future military 

operations.26

A temporary personnel program aimed at lieutenants was active duty for 

operational support tours. These tours were for Reserve Officer Training 

Corps cadets who requested active component duty but were commissioned 

in the reserve component, and who volunteered for an initial tour of active 

duty as reserve officers on active status. The goal of this program was to 

provide eligible reserve component officers a range of current operational 

Army experiences over three years that would enhance the value of their 

career upon return to the reserve component. The tours were not to be 

longer than three years, beginning on the date after completion of Basic 

Officer Leader Course training. In the first six months of the program, the 

Army Reserve had 133 cadets requesting the tours.27

 

One endeavor to reshape the force was the revision to the Selected Reserve 

Incentive Program, changing the focus of the reenlistment bonus from 

attaining the end strength objective to retaining qualified Soldiers in 

critically short and highly mobilized military occupational specialties to meet 

Army Reserve manpower needs. The focus of the revised Selected Reserve 

Incentive Program was on unit structure while still considering end strength 

objective requirements.28 The Selected Reserve Incentive Program strategic 

approach was shaping the force by retaining critical shortage military 

occupational specialties and accessioning into ARFORGEN primary and 

mobilization vacancies.29

One obstacle or challenge in shaping and balancing the force was the loss of 

Army Reserve Soldiers to the active Army: “We,” stated General Stultz, “used 

to have more Soldiers coming off active duty and joining the reserves than 

we did leaving the reserves to go [to] active duty. That has reversed. Last year 

[2008] we ended up putting [out] about 4,500 active duty and getting only 
5

CHAPTER 1 • HUMAN CAPITAL

3,200 back.’”30 One initiative to combat the loss was the two year mobilization 

stabilization policy with a $10,000 bonus for active Army Solders transferring 

to the Army Reserve.31 Effective 20 April 2009, mobilized enlisted Soldiers 

who desire to transfer to the active Army must do so after demobilization.32

See figure five for Army Reserve gains and losses to the active component and 

the Army National Guard from fiscal year 2005 to projected fiscal year 2010. 

Also related to the exchange of services was a memorandum dated 31 August 

2009, whereby the conditional release policy was relaxed. Basically, the new 

policy liberalized the criteria for approval. This was based on exceeding the 

Army Reserve end-strength goals. It also changes the category of Soldiers 

requiring approval by the USARC from Soldiers with less than twenty-four 

months in the Selected Reserve, to Soldiers with less than twelve months 

in the Selected Reserve. Further, the Department of the Army’s reserve 

component to active component enlistment policy for Soldiers on active 

duty was rescinded. That policy had allowed reserve Soldiers on active duty 

to enlist in the active Army at the time of their release from active duty 

without requiring approval from the Army Reserve. Now, these Soldiers are 

released to their reserve unit where they must request a conditional release 

for enlistment in another component, as do all other reserve Soldiers, 

regardless of status. Rescinding this policy was prompted by the active Army 

also exceeding its end-strength goals.33

As for retention, it remained high in fiscal year 2008. As noted previously, 

reenlistment goals were not only met but exceeded. The fiscal year 2008 

retention/reenlistment goal was 14,946 reenlistments. The goal for fiscal 

year 2009 was 11,619. The achieved rate was 12,227 for 105.2 percent.34 See 

figure six for fiscal year 2009 reenlistment totals. See figure seven for Army 

Reserve reenlistment trends from November 2008 to November 2009. 

The same was true in fiscal year 2008 for transitioning Soldiers from the 

Individual Ready Reserve to the Selected Reserve; the achieved rate was at 

108.2 percent. For fiscal year 2009, the achieved rate was at 102.8 percent. 

As for accessioning Troop Program Unit warrant officers in fiscal year 2008, 

the achieved rate was 105.1 percent. For fiscal year 2009, the achieved rate 

was at 102.6 percent. For accessioning Troop Program Unit officer direct 

commissions, the achieved rate was at 163.7 percent. For fiscal year 2009, 

it was at 171.7 percent.35 As for attrition, see figure eight for total Army 

Reserve attrition trends from fiscal year 2005 to projected year 2010. 
6

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

ARMY RESERVE GAINS / LOSSES TO AC/NG FY 05-FY 10

ARMY NATIONAL GUARD Gains

Losses

Gains

Losses

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

ACTIVE ARMY

FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10YTD FY10

Projected

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10YTD FY10

Projected

1668

3895

2257

5340

3399

7167

3317

4352

3710

2446

2820

1500

470

250

969

1248

909

699

896

2376

472

1450

387

513

270

510

46

85

Figure 5

• For FY10 YTD, the AR has a net gain of 180 from the AC/ARNG 

(gain of 220 from AC; loss of 40 to the ARNG)

• In FY09, the AR had a Soldier net gain of 1,138 from the AC/ARNG 

(gain of 1,264 from AC; loss of 126 to the ARNG)

• In FY08, the AR had a Soldier net loss of 2,013 from the AC/ARNG 

(1,035 AC; 978 ARNG)

• In FY10, the AR is projecting to gain more Soldiers from the AC 

than it loses (+1,300)

MAJ Craig Bergwall / ARCD 
7

CHAPTER 1 • HUMAN CAPITAL

Transformation effected some personnel policy changes. For example, on 12 

January 2009, the Department of the Army G-1 approved the Army Reserve 

G-1 request made in June 2007 for involuntary reclassification authority for 

Army Reserve Troop Program Unit Soldiers based on operational necessity 

stemming from transformation concurrent with the strategic realignment 

of the force. Soldiers whose military occupational specialty was changed 

or whose unit was inactivated, relocated, reorganized or converted were 

entitled to continue to receive incentive payments provided they met all 

other eligibility criteria and were not separated from the Selected Reserve. 

The policy was not restricted to contingency operation requirements.36

ARMY RESERVE FY09 REENLISTMENTS

Month Prod

Month Msn

Cumulative Mission and Production

1103

1148

1393

897

1185

1281

1530

1221

1668

1281

1412

1341

1709

1281

1159

1281

1705

1342

1379

1281

1152

1250

728

639

1096

756

Nov-07 Dec-07 Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Nov-08

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

13 MONTH TREND

131% FY09 YTD

111% FY08

•	 Achieved 131% YTD FY09 reenlistment mission thru November 2008 

Source: CAR Pocket Cards, 29 December 2008. 

Figure 6

Also relating to transformation-effected policies was one policy issued by the 

Army Reserve G-1 on 30 January 2009, formally defining over strength and 

listing the criteria and limitations by grade up to the rank of colonel for over 

strength assignments for Soldiers affected by transformation. It provided 
8

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

specific guidance for managing displaced dual status military 

technicians.37 

Transformation effected a change in the delegation of 

involuntary separation authority. On 14 October 2008, General 

Stultz delegated involuntary separation authority for enlisted 

Soldiers to all USARC general officer commands with full time 

legal support, not just the USARC direct reporting commands. 

Authorizing all general officer commands to make the final 

determination on enlisted involuntary separation actions 

enhanced the timeliness of the total process.38

There were several changes in promotion 

policies including reduction in time in grade for 

promotions to 1st lieutenant and to captain.39

There were policy changes affecting Troop 

Program Unit enlisted Soldiers such as the 

Army Reserve Direct Commission Enlistment 

Program,40 Army Reserve Commissioned Officer 

Education waivers for promotion consideration 

to staff sergeant through master sergeant,41

posthumous promotion procedures,42 battlefield 

promotions43 and the promotion selection process 

for promotion to sergeant through staff sergeant.44

There was guidance in 2008 concerning the voluntary selective 

continuation of alerted and mobilized Selected Reserve 

lieutenant colonels. Based on assistant secretary of the Army 

(manpower and reserve affairs) guidance issued on 19 September 

2008, the Army Reserve G-1 signed updated guidance regarding 

the voluntary selective continuation of alerted and mobilized 

Army Reserve, Army National Guard, and Active Guard and 

Reserve lieutenant colonels and colonels under the provisions 

of Section 14701, Title 10, United States Code. This guidance, 

which superseded previous guidance dated 21 November 2006, 

established the eligibility requirements for selective continuation 

for Army Reserve and Active Guard Reserve lieutenant colonels 

and colonels who were alerted for or ordered to active duty 

under Section 12302 (Involuntary Mobilization), Title 10 for 

deployment to a designated hostile fire or imminent danger pay 

Seal of the Assistant 

Secretary of the Army 

(Manpower & Reserve 

Affairs)
9

CHAPTER 1 • HUMAN CAPITAL

area in support of the Global War on Terrorism. This policy did not apply 

to contingency operations active duty for operational support. This selective 

continuation was strictly voluntary and officers retained under this policy 

remained eligible to request resignation or retirement during the period of 

continuation. Approval of such was subject to the needs of the Army.45

REENLISTMENT TRENDS, NOVEMBER 2008-NOVEMBER 2009

Month Prod

Month Msn

Cumulative Mission and Production

1096

756

1102

836

1089

801

1270

965

921

1045

926

1092

763

1163

1088

1092

960

1139

1109

1115

1064

976

849

692

861

785

Nov-08 Dec-08 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09

ARMY RESERVE REENLISTMENTS - 13 MONTH TREND

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

116% FY10 YTD

139% FY09 YTD thru Nov 08

Figure 7

• Achieved 116% YTD FY10 reenlistment mission thru November 2009

ARMY RESERVE ATTRITION,

FISCAL YEAR 2005 - PROJECTED 2010

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

35.1%

31.4%

26.6% 28.5% 27.1% 25.5% 24.0% 24.0% 24.2%

22.3%

24.6%

19.9%

17.0%

17.9%

FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

Projected

ARMY RESERVE ATTRITION RATE, FY97-FY10

Figure 8
10

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

UNIFORM LOSSES 3895 5340 7167 4352 2446

250

1500

1248

1781

2376

1450

513

85

510

1822

1036

1509

1550

1404

118

708

614614

605

423

563

89

534

ACTIVE ARMY NATIONAL GUARD AGR MIA, ROTC, ACADEMY

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

FY05

FY06

FY07

FY08

FY09

FYDYTD

FYD Projected

NON-UNIFORM LOSSES

25000

20000

15000

10000

500

0

5845

4899

5002

4266

3725

606

3636

23816

1662416641

16900

18231

3507

21042

5356

5617

6967

3540

4296

836

5016

RETIRED DISCHARGED ?RR

FY05

FY06

FY07

FY08

FY09

FYDYTD

FYD Projected

FY

10 PROJ

10

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

Losses

33,318

5,553

31,456

34,706

41,667

37,548

42,944

45,877

45,617

%

1.8%

0.3%

2.7%

4.5%

6.9%

5.2%

4.3%

3.0%

2.4%

16.2%

2.7%

14.3%

15.4%

17.7%

17.1%

19.9%

21.0%

21.6%

Losses

3,252

542

4,926

7,775

11,657

8,831

7,606

5,725

4,479

17.9%

3.0%

17.0%

19.9%

24.6%

22.3%

24.2%

24.0%

24.0%

ATTRITION UNIFORM ADJUSTED

ATTRITION

%

Data: End of year XTX FY05 thru FY10 YTD. Losses are changes in CURORG from “H” to “other 

than H.”

Figure 8 (continued)
11

CHAPTER 1 • HUMAN CAPITAL

1 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, AUSA, p. 132; Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 31 

and Email, LTC Timothy Danaher to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Historical Summary, 

5 Mar 10.

2 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Remarks at George Washington Chapter AUSA Luncheon, 15 

Dec 09 and Email, lt. Col. Timothy Danaher to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Historical 

Summary, 5 Mar 10.

3 Article, “General Casey: Complex Operations and Counterinsurgency,” 28 May 2009,

http://www.acus.org/event/general-casey-complex-operations-and-counterinsurgency.

4 Article, Michelle Tan, “Army easily exceeds FY 2009 recruiting,” Army Times, 13 Oct 09, 

http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/10/army_recruiting_101309w/.

5 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Jim Ferguson, 

ARRC-PRS-P, subject: Strength-Manning the Force, 27 Jan 10.

6 Read ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with USA Today, 22 Jun 09.

7 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Remarks at George Washington Chapter AUSA Luncheon, 15 Dec 

09.

8 Ibid.

9 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitment: Prepare for Unexpected,” http://

www.roa.org/site/PageServer?pagename=0912_USAR.

10 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, AUSA, pp. 132-133; Read ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with USA Today, 

22 Jun 09 and CAR Talking Points, Address to Junior Officers Joint Officer Leadership 

Development and Training Seminar, Reserve Officers Association Conference, 9 Jul 09.

11 Article, “Internal Management of Enlisted Soldiers for Advancement/Promotion, Army 

Reserve G-1 Newsletter, Vol 2, Issue 3, Mar 09.

12 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitment: Prepare for the Unexpected,” The 

Officer, Dec 09, p. 48.

13 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Mr. Jim Ferguson, 

ARRC-PRS-P, subject: Strength-Manning the Force, 27 Jan 10. 

14 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitment: Prepare for the Unexpected,” The 

Officer, Dec 09, p. 48.

15 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, Sustain Commitment; Prepare for Unexpected,” http:www.roa.org/

site/PageServer?pagename=0912_USAR.

16 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, AUSA, pp. 132-133 and Read ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with USA 

Today, 22 Jun 09.

17 CAR Talking Points, MIRC Conference, 14 Sept 09.

18 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Lt. Col. Rob 

Humphrey, ARRC-PRT, subject: CSRB-AR, 15 Aug 08. 

19 Article, “FY08 Manning/Strength Overview, Army Reserve G-1 Newsletter, Vol 2, Issue 

2, Nov 09.

20 Read ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with USA Today, 22 Jun 09.
12

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

21 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Lt. Col. Rob 

Humphrey, ARRC-PRT, subject: Gold Bar Recruiting, 15 Aug 08; January-June 2009 

Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Charles Stratton, ARRC-PRD, subject: Gold Bar 

Recruiting, 7 Aug 09 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. 

Charles Slatton, ARRC-PRD, subject: Gold Bar Recruiting Duty, 1 Feb 10. 

22 Read ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with Stars and Stripes, 21 Jul 09 and 

Article, Col. Corrina Bogges, “USAR: This Environment Calls for Innovative and Effective 

Programs,” The Officer, Feb-Mar 08, p. 38.

23 Fiscal Year 2008 Historical Report, RTD, subject: RTD Annual Report, Maj. Jose 

Feliciano, 16 Oct 08. 

24 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Charles Slatton, ARRCPRD, subject: Army Reserve Recruiting Assistance Program, 1 Feb 10. 

25 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staff Preparation for the CAR’s Congressional 24 March 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10.

26 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Lt. Col. Charles 

Slatton II, ARRC-PRD, subject: Army Reserve Accessions Vital to the National Interest 

Pilot Program Implementation Guidance, 7 Aug 09 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual 

Historical Report w/attachment, Lt. Col. Charles Slatton II, ARRC-PRD, subject: Army 

Reserve Accessions Vital to the National Interest Pilot Program Implementation Guidance, 

1 Feb 10.

27 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/enclosures, Lt. Col. Rob Humphrey, 

ARRC-PRT, subject: Active Duty for Operational Support, 15 Aug 08. 

28 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Lt. Col. Charles 

Slatton, ARRC-PRD, subject: Selected Reserve Incentive Program Initiative Change for 

Reenlistment Bonus, 7 Aug 09.

29 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staff Preparation for the CAR’s 24 Mar Congressional 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10.

30 Read Ahead with attachment for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Interview with Military Update, 28 

May 2009.

31 Article, “FY08 Manning/Strength Overview,” Army Reserve G-1 Newsletter, Vol 2, Issue 

2, Nov 08.

32 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Shirley Hood, 

ARRC-PRP-E, subject: Enlistment of Mobilized AR or National Guard Soldiers into the 

Regular Army, 10 Jul 09.

33 Email, Tony Cavalier, G-1, subject: Conditional Release Policy, Feb 10. 

34 Email, Lt. Col. Timothy Danaher to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Historical Summary, 

5 Mar 10.

35 Fiscal Year 2008 Reserve and Transition Division Historical Report w/attachments, Maj. 

Jose Feliciano, 16 Oct 08 and Fiscal Year 2009 Army Reserve Careers Division Historical 

Report w/attachments, MAJ Jose Feliciano, 16 Oct 09. 

36 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Shirley Hood, ARRCPRP-E, subject: Involuntary Reclassification of Army Reserve Enlisted Soldiers, 10 Jul 09.

37 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Linda Hinson, ARRCPRP-E, subject: Troop Program Unit Personnel Management, 13 Mar 09.
13

CHAPTER 1 • HUMAN CAPITAL

38 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Tony Cavalier, 

ARRC-PRP-E, subject: Delegation of Involuntary Separation Authority, 5 Feb 09. 

39 CAR Talking Points, Address to Junior Officers, Junior Office Leadership Development 

and Training Seminar, Reserve Officers Association Conference, 9 Jul 09.

40 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Sfc. Andrea James, 

ARRC-PRP-E, subject: Army Reserve Troop Program Unit Enlisted Promotions, 5 Feb 09 

and January – June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Charles Slatton III, ARRCPRD, subject: Army Reserve Direct Commission Enlistment Program Implementation 

Guidance, 7 Aug 09. 

41 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Sfc. Andrea James, 

ARRC-PRR-E, subject: Army Reserve Troop Program Unit Promotions, 6 Aug 08.

42 Ibid and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Maj. Eric 

Myrick, DAAR-HR, subject: Posthumous Promotions for Army Reserve Troop Program 

Unit Soldiers, 22 Jul 09. 

43 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Maj. Eric Myrick, 

DAAR-HR, subject: Posthumous Promotions for Army Reserve Troop Program Unit 

Soldiers, 22 Jul 09.

44 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Sfc. Jonathan Dehart, 

ARRC-PRP-E, subject: Standardized Army Reserve TPU Promotion Selection Process for 

Promotion to Sergeant through Staff Sergeant, 11 Dec 09.

45 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical report w/enclosure, Adelaida Horvath, 

ARRC-PRP-O, subject: Voluntary Selective continuation of Alerted and Mobilized Selected 

Reserve Lieutenant Colonels and Colonels Under the Provision of Section 14701, Title 10, 

USC, 5 Feb 09.

15

Readiness was another core enterprise. In July 

2003, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld 

sent a directive to the deputy assistant secretary 

of defense for reserve affairs. The directive called 

for a thorough examination of the rebalancing 

of the active Army with the National Guard and 

the Army Reserve.1 ARFORGEN, the Army’s 

response to this directive, was an Army-wide 

five year model, or roadmap for expeditionary 

deployment of forces on a rotational basis. As 

stated in the implementation plan (Annex F 

to the Army Campaign Plan), “ARFORGEN is the structured 

progression of increased unit readiness over time, resulting in 

recurring periods of availability of trained, ready and cohesive 

units prepared for operational deployment in support of 

civil authorities and combatant commanders requirements. 

ARFORGEN is an Army process that applies to all components 

across the operating and generating force. The Army will continue 

to adapt and improve ARFORGEN over time to generate ready 

forces to meet operational requirements more effectively and 

efficiently.”2

Needless to say, ARFORGEN was a key to a ready Army Reserve. 

In fact, General Stultz believes ARFORGEN is the cornerstone to 

fully operationalize the Army Reserve.3 ARFORGEN compliance 

enabled the Army Reserve to sustain a level of training readiness 

to deploy 24,000 Soldiers, annually, within thirty days or less.4

Increased operational demands and the need to rebalance 

active component/reserve component capabilities delayed 

full implementation of ARFORGEN.5 In 2006, the secretary 

Donald M. Rumsfeld

CHAPTER

2

READINESS
16

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

of the Army approved implementing ARFORGEN. Forces Command 

(FORSCOM) managed ARFORGEN for the Army. 6

ARFORGEN is based on three successive force pools or phases of unit 

capabilities and readiness through which units rotate: reset, train/ready and 

available.7 Each of the three force pools contains a versatile force package, 

available at varying time intervals based on its readiness levels. Each force pool 

consists of an operation headquarters (a corps), five division headquarters, 

twenty brigade combat teams, and 90,000 enablers, about half of which are 

National Guard and Army Reserve. Each will be capable of full spectrum 

operations once the ratio of time deployed (“boots on the ground”) to time 

at home (dwell) of 1:2 for the active component and 1:5 for the reserve 

component is reached. By fiscal year 2012, the reserve component’s ratio 

should be 1:4. Many units rotated on cycles shorter than the ARFORGEN 

goals. Another goal is to provide a unit’s notice of a mission two years in 

advance with an alert order one year in advance.8

Pivotal to readiness was training. The cornerstone of training for the Army 

Reserve continued to be the Army Reserve training strategy. The Army 

Reserve training strategy was based on the train-alert-mobilize-deploy 

model for the operational Army Reserve and used the ARFORGEN cyclic 

readiness construct, providing the timed sequence to train units. As Army 

Reserve Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie stated, the Army Reserve 

training strategy “establishes progressive training and readiness cycles that 

prioritize resources, manage readiness levels, and provides predictable 

training. The strategy reduces post-mobilization training time to maximize 

the time Soldiers are deployed, which in turn reduces operational tempo.”9

The Army Reserve training strategy was the means to providing the 

framework to create and sustain a trained, ready Army Reserve.10

In referring to the battlefield commander’s confidence in Army Reserve 

Soldiers after years of war, General Stultz wrote, “We will continue to seek 

the necessary resources to implement the Army Reserve training strategy to 

develop Soldiers and build cohesive, capable and effective units.”11

Warrior exercises were an integral part of ARFORGEN and the Army 

Reserve training strategy. They were the first major externally evaluated 

company level collective training venue where units combined tactical 

and technical training. During the warrior exercise, units were required to 

function in a multi-functional, multi-echelon training environment across 
17

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

STRATEGIC RESERVE

• Capstone Aligned

• Unit Sourced

• Tiered Readiness

• Train – Alert – Mob – Train – Deploy

• FORSCOM Managed

• Regional C2

•  Regional Based Tng Support Cmds

• 1A – AC/RC Relationship 

• Regionally and Locally Based

OPERATIONAL RESERVE

The Army Reserve provides trainined, equipped, and 

ready Soldiers and cohesive units to meet global 

requirements across the full spectrum of operations.

• ARFORGEN Packages

• DEF/CEF Aligned

• DEF/CEF Readiness

• Train – Mob – Deploy

• Pre Mob Supported Cmd – USARC

• O&F Cmds

• Functionally Based Tng Support Cmds

• 1A – Within Capabilities

• Capabilities Based Training Platforms:

 Forts Dix, McCoy, Hunter-Liggett

Army Reserve Training Strategy

ARFORGEN Model

ARFORGEN Graph

• Deployment Requires Collective Training at 

 Level Organized

 

• Generating Force Not Postured to Support

 ARFORGEN

• Every Soldier a Warrior; All Units Require Mission

 Focused/Theater Specific Training

• RC Proven Capability of Bulding Readiness

• Finite Training Support Resources Force

 Consolidation

• Units Execute Condensed ARFORGEN Cycle 

 at NOS

LESSONS LEARNED

 Forts Dix, McCoy, Hunter-Liggett • Units Execute Condensed ARFORGEN Cycle 

 at NOS

NOS

TRAIN/

READY 2

TRAIN/

READY 3

TRAIN/

READY 1

RESET AVAILABLE

CYCLE

WITHIN A

CYCLE

ARTS

Figure 10: Army Reserve ARFORGEN, September 2009

RESET

REINTEGRATION

12 MONTHS

1095 730 365 90

REFRAD

CURRENT AR ARFORGEN ARFORGEN READINESS MAN TRAIN

MOBSAD

TRAIN/READY 1 TRAIN/READY 2 TRAIN/READY 3 AVAILABLE

8 MONTHS 8 MONTHS 8 MONTHS 12 MONTHS

DMETL

CRT Review &

Assistance

Functioning TNG Warrior CSTC TSR

- Individual

- Crew

- Squad

- Team

- TNG

PS Recruiting Focus

New Equip Issue & Training

80% Auth 85% Auth 90% Auth 100% Auth

Set Leadership NPS Recruiting Focus

Deployment Set

Unit Alerted Stop

100%

Equipment

Unit

Stabilization

Organization Adjustments

Mob Ord

NOS+60

Conf.

CE CE NOT

Provide Trained & 

Ready AR Platoons,

Companies

FULL SPECTRUM

Readiness Gates P3 T4 S4 P2 T3 S4 P1 T2 S3 P1 T4 S1

CMET CMETL to DMETL

RPR

DF

DE BO DEPLOY

Requirements

Validated

by JS, JFCOM

Joint Assessmt.

DF

DE RT MRE BO

NOS

NOS

CE CE NOT

DEF

TR TRP TRP

Figure 9: The Army Reserve Training Strategy and ARFORGEN

EVOLVING ARFORGEN TRAINING SUPPORT
18

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

the live-virtual-constructive domain with operational force 

pressure while being supported with an external evaluation by 

observer controllers/trainers. Participants underwent a collective 

field training exercise focused at improving company-level 

readiness through a platoon-level external evaluation. Train/

Ready 2 units were evaluated during a warrior exercise and were 

expected to successfully accomplish “P” (practice) proficiency on 

all core-mission essential task list duties prior to entering their 

Train/Ready 3 training year of ARFORGEN.12

Pacific Warrior was an example of a warrior 

exercise. Its purpose was to serve as the capstone 

event for Train/Ready 2 units (ARFORGEN 

year three units) in the Army Reserve training 

strategy. Pacific Warrior 2009, conducted at Fort 

Hunter Liggett, involved approximately 129 

separate units from across the country, coming 

from eleven major subordinate commands. Units 

were task organized under the 91st Training 

Brigade for command and control and exercise 

execution. Seven brigade/group-level and 

eighteen battalion-level headquarters controlled over 4,000 Army 

Reserve Soldiers during the twenty-one day training event. Units 

occupied one intermediate staging base and three contingency 

operating bases. The exercise used a “Caspian Sea” scenario to 

simulate a theater-opening force and to evaluate units as they 

conducted their core-mission essential task lists duties during 

reception, staging, onward movement and integration operations, 

warrior task training, staff training, a command post exercise, and 

an integrated field training exercise.13

91st Training Brigade

PACIFIC WARRIOR 2009
19

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

Patriot Warrior was another Train/Ready 2 

(ARFORGEN year three units) exercise in the 

Army Reserve training strategy. Patriot Warrior 

2009, conducted at Fort McCoy, was task 

organized under the 78th Training Brigade for 

command and control and exercise execution. It 

focused on battalion staff training and platoon level situational 

training exercise lanes. This was the first time the units started 

to integrate technical training with tactical training. In the first 

two years of the ARFORGEN model, the training is based on 

individual and then technical (functional) training. Seven brigade/

group-level and eighteen battalion-level headquarters controlled 

over 6,798 Soldiers during the twenty-one day training event.14

Fort McCoy, Wisconsin. (Army News Service, 12 August 2008) -- With a quick bang, and a puff of 

smoke, the 338th Medical Brigade’s convoy falls prey to an angry insurgent attack during Patriot 

Warrior 08 at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin. More than 4,000 service members gathered at Fort McCoy 

last month for what officials are calling a new type of training exercise for the Army Reserve. Patriot 

Warrior 2008 included missions ranging from road-building to medical to supply, while at the same 

time forcing troops to respond to combat scenarios that could be faced in Iraq and Afghanistan. The 

exercise brought together Army Reserve Soldiers from around the continental United States, as well as 

Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Guam. Also participating were more than 100 British troops from the United 

Kingdom’s Territorial Army, Yorkshire, England. (Sergeant Timothy Book)

78th Training Brigade

PATROIT WARRIOR 2009
20

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Soldiers from the 377th Military 

Police Company of Cincinnati, 

Ohio, pull security around a Humvee before entering a Mobile Urban Training Site village. (Photo 

by Staff Sergeant Jonna Bennett) 

Convoys move to and from the Tactical Training Bases at Fort McCoy 

during the Patriot Warrior exercise. (Photo by Specialist Shannon Klipstein) 

As part of a live-fire exercise, Soldiers carry a simulated casualty on a litter away from their convoy 

and along a Fort McCoy range in preparation for a helicopter evacuation. The Soldiers from the 401st 

Engineer Company, an Oklahoma City Army Reserve unit, were preparing at the installation to deploy 

to support Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. (Fort McCoy Public Affairs Office)
21

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

Train/Ready 2 Army Reserve units were the primary training audience for 

Operation SAND CASTLE, a twenty-five day tactical field training exercise 

conducted at Fort Hunter Liggett and supported by the 412th Engineer 

Command. It provided unit commanders with the opportunity to conduct 

individual and collective training for their units in Iraq/Afghanistan-like 

conditions. Success meant units were able to report sufficient training 

readiness to move into the ARFORGEN available pool with “P” (practice) 

proficiency in core mission essential task list or directed mission essential 

tasks lists for deployed expeditionary force units.15

OPERATION SAND CASTLE

The 492nd Engineer Company constructs a 

Quonset hut on Forward Operation Base Miami 

for Operation SAND CASTLE 2009, at the National Training Center in Fort Irwin, California. 

The Soldiers are wearing the proper protective 

gear. (Staff Sergeant Raule Trado)

Richard Cunningham, U.S. Army Reserve Command safety officer, looks for safety violations 

as the 492nd Engineer Company constructs 

a Quonset hut on Forward Operation Base Miami 

for Operation SAND CASTLE 2009, at the National Training Center in Fort Irwin, California. 

(Staff Sergeant Raule Trado)
22

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

A Soldier from the 409th Engineer Company wears the proper protective gear while he constructs a 

foundation for a vertical building project near Medina Jabel, during Operation SAND CASTLE 2009 at 

the National Training Center in Fort Irwin, California. (Staff Sergeant Raule Trado)
23

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

ADDITIONAL ARFORGEN EXERCISES

Other ARFORGEN exercises included for example, Guardian Justice, Train/

Ready 1 and Train/Ready 2 platoon/company level training with squad/team 

level proficiency event for military police Soldiers; Silver Scimitar, a Train/

Ready 3 multi-echelon, theater-level adjutant general human resources 

pre-deployment exercise and Golden Cargo, a Train/Ready 1 exercise for 

transportation and ordnance companies. 16

Diamond Saber was an exercise involving units from all years of 

ARFORGEN. It was a theater specific exercise for financial management 

units from all components. Major training areas included military pay, 

disbursing, commercial vendor services, and resource management. The 

exercise afforded training and operating a full service finance office.17

Specialist Barbara E. Chinyoung, postal clerk, 912th Postal Platoon, 912 Human Resources Company 

(a Florida Reserve Unit), sorts letter mail in the operations area of the post office for the Silver Scimitar 

exercise. (U.S. Army photo by Sergeant R. J. Gilbert)
24

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Ed Nolley, a Crane Army leader for blockers and bracers, explains to Army Reserve Soldiers the process for properly securing a load of ammunition on a flat bed, semi-trailer. The Soldiers of the 163rd 

Ordnance (Company) headquartered in Irvine, Calif. and the 414th Transportation Company headquartered in Owensburg, South Carolina worked together to successfully transport the small arms 

ammunition to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri during Golden Cargo 2009 - an annual training operation 

sponsored by the Joint Munitions Command and executed by Soldiers of the U.S. Army Reserve, U.S. 

Marine Corps and U.S. Navy. (Staff Sergeant W. Watson Martin)

A Golden Cargo 2009 convoy 

crosses the Mississippi River 

into Missouri on Interstate 255,

21 July 2009. It is comprised 

of a truck from the 424th Transportation Company, Galax, Virginia. It 

is bound for Fort Leonard Wood, 

Missouri, from Crane Army Ammunition, Indiana. Golden Cargo 

2009 is the latest in a series of 

annual training exercises sponsored by the Joint Munitions Command and carried out by Soldiers of the Army Reserve, Marines, and 

the Navy. The exercise is designed to offer real-world to ordnance and transportation companies while 

completing an essential mission for the Joint Missions Command. (Staff Sergeant Christopher land, 

319th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment) 
25

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

Trucks from the first of approximately 250 convoys out of Crane 

Army Ammunition Activity, Indiana, wait in line at Scott Air Force 

Base for fuel before continuing 

on to their final destination at 

Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, as 

part of Operation Golden Cargo, 

14 July 2009. (U.S. Air Force 

photo/Airman 1st Class Wesley 

Farnsworth)

Sergeant 1st Class Francisco Pacheco, 469th FMC, New Orleans, Louisiana, teaches about military 

pay at Diamond Saber. (Photo by Sergeant Chris Pisano) 
26

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

In an effort to minimize post-mobilization training, the Army Reserve added 

two more regional training centers, to the existing center at Fort Hunter 

Liggett (Regional Training Center-West). Fort Dix (Regional Training 

Center-East) became operational on 1 March 2008. Fort McCoy (Regional 

Training Center-Central) was operational on 15 May 2008.18

POST MOBILIZATION TRAINING

Army Reserve Soldiers move 

quickly to counter a simulated 

threat during premobilization 

training at Mobile Urban Training 

Site-North at Fort McCoy. The collective training was the culmination of the 21-day session. (Rob 

Schuette)

Soldiers zero their M16 rifles at 

a sight-in range at Fort McCoy 

during premobilization training 

conducted by Regional Trainingcentral staff. (Rob Schuette)

Convoy movement through Mobile 

Urban Training Site-South is one 

of the tasks Army Reserve Soldiers 

trained on during premobilization 

training. (Rob Schuette)
27

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

THE REGIONAL TRAINING CENTER CONCEPT

The Army Reserve developed the regional training 

center concept (with provisional execution in 2008) 

in direct response to the secretary of defense’s 

twelve month mobilization policy, Utilization 

of the Total Force, issued on 19 January 2007.19

The memorandum had an immediate impact on 

Army Reserve “boots-on-ground” time available 

to combatant commanders due to the time 

necessary to perform post-mobilization training 

requirements. 

As General Stultz stated: “Under the old training 

paradigm, some units spent 90 to 120 days in a mobilization station 

prior to deployment. Partnering with Forces Command and First 

Army, the Army Reserve has embraced the Department of the 

Army’s G-3’s Pre/Post Mobilization Training Order, developing 

one single unit training plan that spans the entire period of pre- and 

post-mobilization. Commanders are now empowered to develop 

their deployment training plans, determining which tasks will be 

trained during pre-mobilization and which will be accomplished 

at the mobilization station. Today, post-mobilization training for 

most units has been reduced to 31 to 45 days by streamlining the 

training schedules and eliminating all unnecessary and duplicate 

activities. . . . The three regional training centers . . . support 

our training strategy and train individual warrior tasks and 

some collective training tasks. Additionally, individual Soldier 

readiness has become a focal point at the RTCs [regional training 

centers].”20 According to General Stultz, the regional training 

centers and the combat support training centers (discussed below) 

“ensure that the contemporary Army Reserve supports the oneyear-in-five deployed ARFORGEN cycle.”21 

As referred to by General Stultz, the USARC G-37 developed 

the regional training center concept to train the theater specific 

required training formerly conducted during post-mobilization. 

Migrating post-mobilization theater specific required training 

to pre-mobilization training reduced the existing model from 

seventy days to less than thirty-eight days. The Department of the 

Forces Command 

Distinctive Unit Insignia
28

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Army codified this requirement in Department of the Army Executive Order 

150-08, Reserve Component Deployment Expeditionary Force Pre- and 

Post-Mobilization Training Strategy. The regional training centers supported 

the Department of the Army G-3/5/7 Collective Training Division guidance 

on Army warrior training. Further, the regional training center program 

supported sustainment of associated Army warrior training and warrior 

tasks and battle drills individual and collective tasks in ARFORGEN Train/

Ready 3. The regional training centers conducted individual Soldier, leader 

and collective training skills supporting theater specific individual required 

training and warrior tasks and battle drills. The regional training centers 

used mobilized Soldiers and equipment from Army Reserve institutional 

training divisions (e.g., 108th Training Command) with elements from small 

arms readiness groups and observer/controller/trainer teams. 

Regional training centers are an enduring means to provide the Army Reserve 

with regional pre-mobilization multi-component standardized training 

capabilities recognized by the Department of the Army and FORSCOM 

as a vehicle to accomplish pre- and post-mobilization training, thereby, 

significantly reducing the manpower and resource requirements normally 

supporting the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard. Should the 

mobilization authority be completely rescinded or restricted, the regional 

training center is a pre-mobilization capability which can be decreased and 

ramped up, as required, to support the reserve component deployment 

expeditionary force.22 In 2009, over 13,000 Soldiers and 230 units trained at 

the regional training centers.23 Since inception, the regional training centers 

have trained 25,684 Soldiers.24

Combat support training centers, aimed at reducing post-mobilization 

training and increasing boots-on-ground, were operational at Fort Hunter 

Liggett, Fort McCoy, and Fort Dix. Combat support training center 

capability provided combat training-center like experiences for maneuver 

support and force sustainment units, similar to the National Training 

Center and the Joint Readiness Training Center training environments 

for Army maneuver units. The brigade level exercises focused on company 

level training with platoon executed LANES where units received training 

through “free play” events with opposing force pressure during an eightday field training exercise. Brigade and battalion staffs received military 

decision making process training and units received external evaluations 

from observe/controllers. Combat support training center rotations targeted 

Train/Ready 3 units, which were part of the deployment expeditionary force, 
29

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

sourced in support of overseas contingency operations within 180 days of 

their mobilization dates.25

Speaking of the effectiveness of regional training centers and the combat 

support training centers, General Stultz wrote, “We developed regional 

and combat training centers to enhance pre-mobilization and unit readiness 

and increase the amount of time our units are available to combatant 

commanders. We increased the ‘boot-on-ground’ time for combat support 

hospital units by 45 days, military police battalions by 37 days and combat 

engineer companies by 31 days . . . .”26

Another effort to improve readiness concerned cross-leveling. Crossleveling inhibited predictability and the ability to implement ARFORGEN, 

broke unit cohesion, limited a command’s ability to train effectively, lowered 

readiness in donor units, complicated unit and rear detachment support 

for Army Reserve families and added a level of complexity in the Army 

Reserve’s ability to ensure Soldier participation in post deployment support 

programs.27 Fortunately, the Army Reserve’s continued effort to align units 

to ARFORGEN minimized the need for cross-leveling to fill mobilization 

shortfalls. General Stultz pointed to this success, stating that fewer Soldiers 

were cross-leveled in 2007 “than in any year since 2002.”28 According to 

Army Reserve Command Sergeant Major Caffie, from 2007 to 2008 the Army 

Reserve reduced cross-leveling by 70 percent.29 “Today,” he commented, 

“the goal is to manage shortages whenever possible by donor units” rather 

than by individuals. “For example, if we identify shortages in a unit that is 

entering the alert phase, we look for a unit in the same year group that is 

not being alerted. We then attach a squad or platoon from that organization 

to fill the shortages. The policy to assign donor units vs. individuals allows 

units and components of units to maintain their integrity while allowing 

cohesive unit training.”30 But, as long as demand for units and individual 

augmentees exceeds the supply available through the ARFORGEN cycle, 

the Army Reserve will have to continue to cross-level.31 

 

The Army Reserve received a new training mission: a role in standing up 

the Iraqi Army, its police, and its border police. This training mission comes 

directly from the “strategic pillar two” of 2005 National Military Strategy

“Victory in Iraq.” The 98th Division, 80th Division, and the 108th Training 

Division were deployed to fill this mission. “In the original concept,” remarked 

General Stultz, “they never had a mission of deploying. Their mission was 

to mobilize and fill out the training base here in the United States. We’ve 
30

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

changed that. They are deploying forward and doing great work. Part of the 

way ahead is trying to get the Iraqi Army to take responsibility for its own 

security.”32

Before they deploy, these Soldiers receive M-249 training at the Fort Dix RTC-East under the watchful 

eyes of the 108th Training Command. (MAJ Voris McBurnette)

Soldiers from the 783d Military 

Police Battalion participate in premobilization training under the 

guidance of Fort McCoy’s RTCNorth by firing crew-served 

weapons. (Photo by Rob Schuette)
31

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

Sergeant First Class Solone, a member of the 2-8-2 National Police Transition Team, 108th Training 

Command, teaches search and detainment techniques to his Iraqi counterparts. (MAJ Voris McBurnette)

Soldiers from the 783d Military Police Battalion conduct MK-19 machine gun launcher training at Fort 

McCoy’s RTC-North. (Photo by Rob Schuette)
32

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Army Reserve Soldiers from the 108th Training Command, headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, 

are patrolling an Iraqi city with the Army. These eleven man teams are assigned with the Iraqi Army 

as advisors and also serve as liaisons between Iraqi/U.S. forces during critical mission requirements.

(MAJ Voris Burnette)

108th Training Command Soldiers are engaged by the enemy while Deployed in Iraq. The Soldiers 

scramble to take cover. (MAJ Voris McBurnette)
33

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

MEDICAL READINESS

Medical readiness was another element of an Army Reserve 

operational ready force. Although it continued to be a major 

challenge, there was progress in successfully managing the 

medical readiness of Soldiers. 

The Reserve Health Readiness Program, which replaced the 

former Federal Strategic Health Alliance (FEDS_HEAL) 

Program, provided medical and dental readiness services to 

Soldiers and units during Soldier readiness processing. The 

Reserve Health Readiness Program network has been leveraged 

to accomplish most routine and pre-mobilization readiness 

tasks and to complete dental restorations for 

deploying Soldiers.33 In the last six months of 

2009, the Reserve Health Readiness Program 

provided 750,000 individual medical readiness 

exams and services to Soldiers at a cost of some 

$45,755,000.00, the most provided in a six month 

period of time in the seven year history of the 

program.34 The Army Reserve extended Reserve 

Health Readiness Program services to the 7th 

Civil Support Command.35 

As an operational force, the manpower loss related to influenza 

complications can negatively impact the Army Reserve’s ability 

to meet mission requirements. Seasonal influenza vaccination 

was the primary method for protecting the force from influenza 

infection and its severe complications. As a result, the Department 

of Defense and the vice chief of staff of the Army required 

100 percent seasonal flu vaccination compliance no later than 

1 December 2009. As of 31 December 2009, the Army Reserve 

had vaccinated 117,795 of 200,657 Soldiers for a 59 percent 

compliance rate.36

The H1N1 influenza posed a similar risk to medical readiness. 

The Department of Defense and the vice chief of staff of the Army 

required 100 percent seasonal flu vaccination compliance no later 

than 1 April 2010. As of 31 December 2009, the Army Reserve 

had vaccinated 28,870 Soldiers for a 14 percent compliance rate.37

7th Civil Support 

Command
34

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Historically, Army Reserve Soldiers have reported to the mobilization 

platform at a dental readiness stature of some 50 percent. Dental deficiencies 

have prevented Soldiers from deploying and receiving adequate mandatory 

pre-mobilization training. Dental readiness was the single constant factor 

that has lagged among all fully medical ready determinants. Dental treatment 

at the mobilization station averaged over 11.5 duty hours and caused less 

than optimal treatment options for many deploying Soldiers.38

The Army Reserve, the National Guard Bureau, the active component, 

and the Office of the Surgeon General developed a three-pronged attack 

to address reserve component dental readiness deficiencies. Implementation 

of the Army Selected Reserve Dental Readiness System began on 1 

October 2008. It provided dental class three and class four examinations 

to Soldiers regardless of their unit’s rotation within ARFORGEN. That 

system combined with the First Term Dental Readiness Program already 

in place and the addition of the Demobilization Dental Reset initiative on 

16 November 2008 will improve readiness. The Army Reserve should no 

longer lag behind the other services with 52.5 percent dental readiness.39 

The Army Selected Reserve Dental Readiness System provided dental class 

three treatment and class four examinations to Soldiers, regardless of a 

unit’s ARFORGEN cycle. Soldiers were scheduled to receive care through 

the Reserve Health Readiness Program, the major component of the three 

pronged plan to increase dental readiness. Demobilization Dental Reset, 

the last part of the attack, reset all demobilizing Soldiers. Soldiers were 

examined and those identified as class three were to receive care to convert to 

a readiness status.40 In the last six months of 2009, dental readiness increased 

from approximately 58 percent to 65 percent. The Army Reserve continued 

to take great strides in bringing awareness to the Army Selected Reserve 

Dental Readiness System program and benefits available to Soldiers through 

several different initiatives, including for example an Army Reserve dental 

webpage and newsletter.41 

In 2009, the Post Deployment Health Reassessment Program, under the 

guidance of the assistant secretary of defense for health affairs, completed its 

fifth year of operation. The Post Deployment Health Reassessment Program 

provided a health assessment during the three to six month time period after 

the Soldier returns from deployment. The Army Reserve identified several 

areas for improvement resulting in steady numbers of Post Deployment 
35

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

Health Reassessment Program screenings and improved program 

operations. 

As of 31 December 2009, 54,553 Soldiers required mandatory 

participation and 51,634 Soldiers had been screened. This was 

95 percent compliance. Of the Soldiers who had completed the 

Post Deployment Health Reassessment Program, 30 percent had 

been referred for further behavioral health evaluation and 57 

percent had been referred for further physical health evaluation. 

The Army Reserve continued to work closely with Army G-1 to 

ensure the success of this program by identifying and contacting 

eligible Soldiers and their commanders. The Army Reserve 

Post Deployment Health Reassessment Program compliance 

sustained the standards of the vice chief of staff of the Army and 

continued to meet all requirements.42

The Army Reserve was the last remaining Army 

component using paper based medical and dental 

records, which impacted on unit readiness. The 

Army Reserve pursued a digitized medical record 

system known as the Health Readiness Record. 

Health Readiness Record implementation began 

at the end of fiscal year 2009 and was expected 

to be fully operational across the Army Reserve 

no later than fiscal year 2012. The 335th Signal 

Command was the first command to begin 

implementing the process.43

The Armed Forces Health Longitudinal 

Technology Application, a military electronic 

health record system, gave healthcare providers 

access to data about Soldiers’ conditions, 

prescriptions, diagnostic tests and additional 

information essential to providing quality care. The Army Reserve 

received an Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology 

Application trainer in November 2009 and the first Armed Forces 

Health Longitudinal Technology Application training class was 

held on 16 December 2009.44

335th Signal Command
“Combat Medic” 

Master Sergeant Henrietta Snowden 

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
37

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

1 Lt. Col. Michael J. Garshak, “Analysis Of The U.S. Army’s Two-Reserve Structure: Is A 

Federal Army Reserve Force Necessary?” (U.S. Army War College, 18 Mar 06), 13.

2 Coker, The 2006/2007 Biannual Army Reserve Historical Summary, 21 and Joseph 

E. Whitlock, “How To Make Army Force Generation Work For The Army’s Reserve 

Components,” Strategic Studies Institute, 5.

3 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “The Army Reserve: Ready for the Next 100 Years,” 2008-09 

Army Green Book, p. 156.

4 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staff’s Preparation for CAR’s 24 March Congressional 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10.

5 Whitlock, “How To Make Army Force Generation Work For The Army’s Reserve 

Components,” Strategic Studies Institute, August 2006, 5.

6 Ibid. 4. 

7 Ibid. 

8 John McHugh and General George W. Casey, Jr., A Statement on the Posture of the United 

States Army, 2010, 13 and John McHugh and General George W. Casey, Jr., A Statement on the 

Posture of the United States Army, 2011, Reserve Component (RC) as Part of the Operational 

Force information paper, 1 and Equipping the Reserve Component (RC) information paper, 1.

9 Article, CSM Leon Caffie, “Improving Readiness; Reducing Tempo,” The Officer, Sep 08, 

p. 36.

10 Memorandum w/attachments (ARTS), Lt. Gen. James Helmly to Commanders, subject: 

Army Reserve Training Strategy, 22 Jun 05.

11 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, p. 133.

12 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Lewis Carpenter, ARRCTRU, subject: Patriot Warrior 08 Exercise, 20 Feb 09; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual 

Historical Report, ARRC-OPT-C, subject: Pacific Warrior 2009, 17 Aug 09 and JulyDecember 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, ARRC-OPT-C, subject: Pacific Warrior 

2009, 19 Feb 10.

13 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Thomas Henderson, ARRCOPT-C, subject: Pacific Warrior 2009, 17 Aug 09.

14 July-December Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Thomas Henderson, ARRCOPT-C, subject: Patriot Warrior 2009, 19 Feb 10.

15 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Maj. Trujillo 

McAnderson, ARRC-TRU, subject: Operation Sand Castle, 15 Aug 09 and Annual Report, 

416th Engineer Command 2008 Annual Historical Summary, pp. 14-15.

16 Operation Order 10-041 (Guardian Justice FY 10), 18 Dec 09; Operation Order 10-005 

(Silver Scimitar FY 10), 21 Nov 09 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/

attachments, Lt. Col. Kevin Cmiel, ARRC-OPT-C, subject: Golden Cargo 2009, 19 Feb 10.

17 January-July 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Sgt. Maj. Michael 

Dunn, ARRC-CO, subject: Diamond Saber Exercise, 25 Aug 08; July-December 2008 SemiAnnual Historical Report, Sgt. Maj. Michael Dunn and MSG Foster, subject: Diamond 

Saber, 9 Feb 09; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Sgt. Maj. Michael 

Dunn, ARRC-CO, subject: Diamond Saber, 14 Aug 09 and Email, Lt. Col. Fred Julch to Dr. 

Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Patriot Warrior, 28 Jan 10.
38

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

18 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Mark Schoenfeld, ARRC-TRT, 

subject: Establishment of Regional Training Centers, no date. 

19 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Chris Scammon, 

ARRC-OPF-MA, subject: Concept Plan for Regional Training Center Program, 19 Aug 09.

20 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 30. 

21 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitments; Prepare for Unexpected,” The 

Officer, Dec-Jan 09, p. 47 and Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitment; Prepare 

for Unexpected,” http://www.roa.org/site/PageServer?pagename=0912_USAR. 

22 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Maj. Paul Nichols, 

ARRC-TRT, subject: Regional Training Center Concept Plan, 20 Feb 09. 

23 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz and CSM Michael Schultz, Army Reserve 2010 Posture Statement, p. iv.

24 Email, Maj. Antoine Williams to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: RTC Statistics, 1 Mar 10. 

25 January -June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Maj. Paul Nichols, 

ARRC-TRT, subject: Establishment of CSTCs, 12 Aug 08 and July-December 2009 SemiAnnual Historical Report w/attachments, Lt. Col. Thomas Henderson, ARRC-OPT-C, 

subject: Combat Support Training Center PoP 2009, 19 Feb 10 and Email, Lt. Col. Fred 

Julch to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Patriot Warrior, 28 Jan 10.

26 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, p. 133.

27 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staffs Preparation for CAR’s 24 March Congressional 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10.

28 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 31. 

29 Article, CSM Leon Caffie, “Improving Readiness; Reducing Tempo,” The Officer, Sep 08, 

p. 36.

30 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 31. 

31 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staff’s Preparation for CAR’s 24 March Congressional 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10. 

32 Read ahead with attachment for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview/Military Update, 28 May 

2009.The Officer, Dec 08, p. 30. 

33 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Maj. Todd Traver, 

ARRC-MD, subject: Individual Medical Readiness, no date.

34 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Maj. Todd Traver, 

ARRC-MD, subject: Medical Readiness, no date.

35 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Maj. Todd Traver, 

ARRC-MD, subject: Individual Medical Readiness, no date; Email, Maj. Todd Traver to 

Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Update to Semi-Annual Historical Report , 10 Feb 10 and 

July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Richard Giles, ARRC-OPO-O, 

subject: Ready Response Reserve (R3U) Army Reserve Double Phoenix Program, 16 Feb 10.

36 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Todd Traver, ARRC-MD, 

subject: Medical Readiness, no date. 

37 Ibid. 
39

CHAPTER 2 • READINESS

38 Operation Order 10-051 (Army Selected Reserves (SELRES) Dental Readiness System, 

10 Feb 10.

39 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Todd Traver, ARRC-MD, 

subject: Individual Medical Readiness, no date; July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical 

Report w/attachments, Col. Derrick Carter, ARRC-MD, subject: Dental Readiness 

Initiatives, no date and Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz and CSM Michael Schultz, Army Reserve 2010 

Posture Statement, p. iv.

40 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Col. Derrick Carter, 

ARRC-MD, subject: Dental Readiness Initiatives, no date.

41 July-December Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Lt. Col. Jacquelin 

Jennings, ARRC-MD, subject: Dental Readiness Initiatives, no date.

42 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Ball and Maj. Urbanek, 

DAAR-MD, subject: Post Deployment Health Assessment Program, no date. 

43 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Todd Traver, ARRC-MD, 

subject: Digitization of Records, no date; July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical 

Report w/attachments, Col. Derrick Carter, ARRC-MD, subject: Digitization of Records, 

no date and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Maj. Karen 

Williams, ARRC-MD, subject: Electronic Medical Records, no date. 

44 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Frank Battle, ARRC-MD, 

subject: Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application, no date. 

41

Materiel was another core enterprise. It was part of General Casey’s reset 

strategic imperative. The Army Reserve had approximately 80 percent of 

its overall authorized equipment on hand. Much of the modern equipment 

displaced legacy equipment and had a modest impact on overall equipment 

on hand percentages. The Army Reserve continued to meet current 

deployment requirements by relying on significant internal cross-leveling 

and theater provided equipment. However, these internal lateral transfers 

created significant unit turbulence.1

According to General Stultz, “The Army Reserve continues to experience 

shortages in the most modernized equipment necessary to train our Soldiers. 

To maximize the use of these high-demand, low-density items, the Army 

Reserve is taking an enterprise approach to our equipping strategy, and where 

units are in the ARFORGEN cycle to place equipment where required. . . . 

Our goal is to make the most effective and efficient use of equipment while 

ensuring that the Army Reserve deploys its limited resources effectively to 

produce units that are trained and ready to fight and win on the battlefield.”2

But, it was challenged by not being originally designed or equipped for 

prolonged operational capacity. The Army projected that the Army Reserve 

will not be fully modernized until 2019 or beyond.3 While having 80 

percent of equipment on hand, the Army Reserve has only 65 percent of its 

modernized required equipment.4 

Night vision goggles

That in part stems from the Cold War strategic 

reserve policy in which combat support and 

combat service support units were “often 

categorized as echelon above division or echelon 

above corps units that operated in the rear. They 

were not equipped,” explained General Stultz, 

“with the night-vision gear, .50-caliber machine 

guns, and command and control capability that

CHAPTER

3

MATERIEL
“UH-60 Maintenance”

Heather Engelhart

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
43

CHAPTER 3 • MATERIEL

front line forces were provided.” But, “on today’s asymmetrical battlefield, 

the ‘rear’ no longer exists. All Soldiers are expected to be prepared to engage 

the enemy and defend themselves at all times.” Army Reserve units “span the 

entire spectrum of the battlefield.” While there has been progress in being 

recognized as an operational force, “we,” clarified General Stultz, “still fall 

short of being able to provide Army Reserve units with a full allowance of 

new, modernized equipment and vehicles.”

On a positive note, General Stultz observed, “We attained or exceeded the 

Army standard of 90 percent availability for reportable equipment requiring 

maintenance.”5

 But, in a July 2009 interview with Stars & Stripes, he clarified 

that “a number of high density items are at or close to 100 percent filled and 

some more critical lower density items [are] below 50 percent filled.”6 “We 

recovered, repaired and serviced all redeployed equipment,” he wrote, “not 

inducted into national-level maintenance. Although we are able to meet the 

needs of our deploying units, looked holistically, the Army Reserve faces 

monumental equipping challenges.”7

General Stultz explained that “battlefield priorities change . . . .” Providing 

some equipment for the Army Reserve such as trucks may be given less of a 

priority than providing troops with mine resistance ambush protected vehicles 

to the theater. He stated, “This requires us to synchronize our equipping 

strategy with our training strategy to effectively execute ARFORGEN and 

ensure that every Army Reserve Soldier who goes into harm’s way is the best 

trained and best equipped. We must provide adequate equipment to allow 

effective individual and small unit training at home stations. Additionally, 

we must position equipment sets at our training centers to allow effective 

collective training during annual and pre-mobilization training.” He pointed 

to a truck company as an example. “[A] truck company may not have a 

complete set of trucks at its Reserve center, but may have enough to conduct 

individual and squad-level training. When the unit,” he continued, “goes to 

a training center, it will fall on a full set of new trucks. When it deploys in the 

theater, it will use the same type of trucks. If we are to build strategic depth 

that allows this nation to respond to unforeseen contingencies, we must 

have the confidence that our units have their full complement of equipment 

available when the nation calls.”8

The Army Reserve G-4 supported the Army Reserve training strategy by 

positioning equipment sets at the regional training centers and combat 

support training centers. The Army Reserve optimized the distribution of 
“Dust Off”

Sergeant First Class Darrold Peters 

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
45

CHAPTER 3 • MATERIEL

its most modern equipment to maximize the training opportunities for its 

Soldiers and units while resetting its units for missions. The G-4 provided 

equipment to several exercises including Pacific Warrior, Patriot Warrior, 

and the Quartermaster Liquid Logistics Exercise.9 It also supported post 

mobilization training equipment needs, the needs of non-Army Reserve 

organizations requesting Army Reserve equipment, and supported military 

occupational specialty courses.10 A new system for tracing and validating 

second destination transportation shipments supported the establishment 

of training equipment sets for the Army Reserve training strategy. These 

shipments included the difficult mission of coordinating near simultaneous 

movement of cargo to five training centers to meet the initial operating 

capability deadline for the centers.11 In 2009, the Army Reserve moved over 

20,000 end items from home stations to collective training sites.12

During the Quartermaster Liquid 

Logistics Exercise, Lieutenant 

Colonel Wanda Hawley, 334th 

Quartermaster Battalion, and 

commander for units training at 

Fort Pickett, uses a sand table to 

brief Colonel William Keyes, commander, Defense Logistics Agency 

Energy Americas. Quartermaster 

units are purifying fuel provided 

by the agency, and transportation 

companies are shipping it to locations around the country. (Sergeant 1st Class Jo Hoots)

Transformation had its affects on equipment. Excess equipment in units 

inactivating became an issue of high concern as to how to clear it before 

inactivation. Transformation reduced the Standard Army Retail Supply 

System footprint in the Army Reserve.13 Area maintenance support activities 

and equipment concentration sites were being transferred from the regional 

readiness commands to the regional support commands.14
46

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

In 2008, the G-4 worked together with the 

Distribution Management Center to source over 

13,000 items of equipment required of mobilizing 

units, fixed all equipment shortages for deployment 

expeditionary force units, and coordinated with 

FORSCOM G-4, G-3/5/7 for hundreds of items 

of equipment not in the Army Reserve inventory. 

The G-4 coordinated with FORSCOM, First 

Army, and Third Army/Command Forces Land 

Component Command for sourcing Operation 

ENDURING FREEDOM/Operation IRAQI 

FREEDOM rotation units and identifying equipment issues.15

The Army Reserve supported the mobilization of 322 units by 

transferring more than 55,000 end items.16

The G-4 conducted an analysis of over 1,000 units to identify 

the best unit, logistically, to be sourced for the Army Reserve 

deployment expeditionary force and coordinated with USARC 

G-3’s Homeland Defense to conduct a logistical analysis of units 

selected for homeland defense operational.17 According to General 

Stultz, in 2009 the Army Reserve “executed 322 lateral transfers 

involving 1,022 end items to ensure unit readiness to support 

homeland defense, including consequence management.”18

The G-4 developed new procedures to gather required 

logistical fix-it plans from the regional readiness commands and 

operational and functional commands for their units that are on 

the deployment expeditionary force list and worked with the 

commodity managers, FORSCOM, and First Army to develop 

sourcing solutions for equipment shortages not in the Army 

Reserve inventory.

The G-4 was the focal point for the accountability and tracking 

of Army Reserve equipment remaining as stay behind equipment 

and later transferred to Army Material Command property 

books as theater provided equipment. The G-4 established a 

Redeployment Reconstitution Asset Visibility Team at Bagram 

Air Force Base to assist with the Army Reserve RESET Program 

and logistics issues. The G-4 continued to manage and supervise 

the six member Redeployment Reconstitution Asset Visibility 

Command Forces Land 

Component Command
47

CHAPTER 3 • MATERIEL

Team in its efforts to capture Army Reserve equipment harvested in theater 

to remain as theater provided equipment.19

Bagram Air Force Base

In 2008, the G-4 provided equipment to fill shortages for units deploying 

amounting to over 194 unit identification codes and derivative identification 

codes. The regional readiness commands filled shortages with major Class 

VII equipment excess from deactivating units and non-deploying units. Any 

remaining shortages were forwarded to the USARC for assistance.20

The Depot Maintenance Rebuild Program served as the Army Reserve’s 

strategic maintenance sustainment base and was the only source of fully 

reconditioned/overhauled weapons systems and equipment replenishment 

or redistribution to fill equipment readiness needs. According to General 

Stultz, in 2009, the Army Reserve “leveraged the Depot Maintenance 

program to have 4,300 end items overhauled to extend their service life, 

reduce sustainment costs, and improve safe operation.” The Army Reserve 

“tracked the redeployment and equipment reset of 192 units with 32,052 

items and tracked 523 turned-in items to Automatic Reset Induction.”21

The total funding for the fiscal year 2008 Army Reserve Depot Maintenance 

Program was $130,033,000. Year end plus-up of $27,543,967 increased 
48

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

CH-47 D Helicopter

the program to $157,576,967.22

Fiscal year 2009 was initially 

funded at $108,191,000. A 

reduction by the Department of 

the Army reduced the funding to 

$94,555,000. The Army Reserve 

received additional funding of 

$14,549,302 and executed a total 

depot maintenance program of $109,504,302. Major programs (overhaulrebuild) included electronic and communications equipment, watercraft, 

material handling equipment-primary forklifts and the CH-47D helicopter 

rotor head.23

The Army Reserve had 85 percent fill of HMMWVs, but only 13 percent 

were armor capable. The Army Reserve worked with the active Army to 

increase its armored capable fleet. It tried with the active Army to remove 

the older HMMWVs from the fleet and to replace them with RECAP 

models as they returned from theater.24

M818
49

CHAPTER 3 • MATERIEL

The cascaded M931 series 5-ton tractors received from the active Army 

continued to assist the Army Reserve in its ability to improve readiness and 

modernize the fleet. Upon completion of rebuild or upgrade, the tractors 

were issued to Army Reserve units filling existing shortages and replacing 

older model M818 and M931 basics.25

M931

The G-4 participated in the Department of the Army’s RECAP program, 

effecting the replacement or swap of several pieces of equipment.26 It 

participated in the Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System/

Harris Radio fielding program.27

Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System

On 28 September 2008, a new 

controlled humidity preservation warehouse opened in 

Robstown, Texas, adding to 

the four other warehouses.28

In his remarks at the opening 

ceremony, General Stultz 

conveyed how important the 

facility was to “propel[ing]” 

the Army Reserve to “full 

operational status” and to the 

Army Reserve’s readiness. 
50

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

“The benefits of this new warehouse,” he stated, “to the Army Reserve 

are monumental. From a strategic perspective, it will help us reduce the 

logistics footprint because we can store our equipment in one location in 

deployment-ready status. This reduces the need for square footage at reserve 

centers and maintenance facilities.”29 

Global Combat Support System-Army

Looking to the future, the Army 

Reserve continued to ensure its 

business processes were a part of 

the development of the Army’s 

Global Combat Support SystemArmy (Field/Tactical) (GCSSArmy (FT)) by actively participating 

in the program design and 

development. The system will 

combine the Army’s disparate 

supply, maintenance, ammunition, 

aviation and property book information management systems into a single, 

integrated database-driven enterprise solution.30

311the Expeditionary 

Sustainment Command

In other systems development, the Movement 

Tracking System, an information technology 

system designed to provide in-transit visibility of 

combat support and combat service support 

tactical wheeled vehicles, was fielded to support 

Operation IRAQI FREEDOM and Operation 

ENDURING FREEDOM. Major subordinate 

commands fielded for this exercise included, for 

example, the 311th Expeditionary Sustainment 

Command, 143d Expeditionary Sustainment Command, 4th Expeditionary 

Sustainment Command, and 1st Materiel Support Command. The Army 

Reserve programmed a total of 1,500 systems for installation on USARC 

vehicles during fiscal year 2010.31

The Combat Service Support Very Small Aperture Terminal, supporting 

current and future combat service support logistics information systems, 

was fielded to several USARC units including, for example, the 304th 

Sustainment Brigade and the 311th Expeditionary Sustainment Command. 

More were programmed for fielding, enabling the USARC to meet or exceed 

Department of the Army fielding requirements.32
51

CHAPTER 3 • MATERIEL

304th Sustainment 

Brigade

Modernization of Army Reserve aviation 

continued along two lines: modernization of the 

utility fleet through a combination of new and 

recapitalized aircraft and the modernization of 

the cargo and attack fleet through the cascade of 

modernized aircraft as the active component 

fielded new aircraft. The Army Reserve projected 

attack helicopter modernization to be completed 

by the end of fiscal year 2010. The Army Reserve 

actively engaged in future utility airplane program 

development.33

The Army Reserve had more than 130 aircraft, both fixed and rotary wing, 

for combat and combat support missions. One battalion fielded twenty-four 

AH-74D aircraft and assigned them for pre-mobilization certification and 

deployment. A second battalion had fifteen AH-64D aircraft on loan for 

training purposes.34

AH-64D

The Army Campaign Plan called for growth of three Army Reserve medical 

evacuation companies.35 This was in sync with the vice chief of staff of the 

Army’s directive to increase air ambulance structure in the modular force 

and alleviate the serious medical evacuation shortfall with Operations IRAQI 

FREEDOM and ENDURING FREEDOM rotational requirements. 

Facilities at Clearwater, Florida, for which Congress initially approved $1.6 

million to lease and modify existing hanger space for the aviation company 
52

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

over the next five years, supported the rapid manning, equipping and training 

of the Army Reserve air ambulance company and relieved the deployment 

cycle of existing air ambulance assets at a faster pace than permitted by 

current ARFORGEN guidelines.36

UH-60A

Department of the Army’s G-8 resourced ($58.8 million) six UH-60A to 

L Recapitalization aircraft to fill aircraft shortages in the Clearwater air 

ambulance company.37 The fielding of additional reserve component air 

ambulance companies will provide sufficient resources to meet expected 

deployment requirements for major theater operations and anticipated 

persistent combat operations. 

King Air 350 
53

CHAPTER 3 • MATERIEL

As the Army Reserve’s aviation means increase, the Department of the Army 

has agreed to replace ten King Air 350 aircraft the Army Reserve supplied 

for Operation IRAQI FREEDOM.38

An Army Reserve UH-60 picks up a load.

Four principle aviation systems 

were partially or fully resourced in 

fiscal year 2008, filling critical 

equipment gaps in new or existing 

aviation force structure. The 

Department of the Army’s G-8 

coordinated and approved the 

complete unit set fielding of two 

Army Reserve air ambulance 

companies with twelve new HH60M each, totaling twenty-four HH-60M ($451.2 million) Blackhawk 

helicopters in fiscal year 2010 and 2011. The Army Reserve resourced an air 

traffic control simulation system ($1.5 million) through the fiscal year 2008 

National Guard and Reserve Equipment Appropriation (NGREA) to meet 

critical training and readiness requirements. The system was to be stationed 

with and operated by the Army Reserve’s 2-58th Airfield Operations unit 

stationed at Fort Rucker, Alabama. The Army Reserve resourced the initial 

procurement of five C-12 aircraft ($43.4 million) to replace ten TF ODIN 

aircraft through the fiscal year National Guard and Reserve Equipment 

Appropriation. The procurement of the remaining five aircraft was worked 

in the fiscal year 2009 National Guard and Reserve Equipment 

Appropriation.39

MM60M
54

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

1 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staff’s Preparation for the CAR’s 24 March Congressional 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10.

2 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitment; Prepare for Unexpected,” http://

www.roa.org/site/PageServer?pagename=0912_USAR

3 Read ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with Stars & Stripes, 21 Jul 09. 

4 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staff’s Preparation for the CAR’s 24 March Congressional 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10.

5 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, pp. 133-134. 

6 Read ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with Stars & Stripes, 21 Jul 09. 

7 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, pp. 133-134. 

8 Article, LT. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 30. 

9 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, M. Sgt. Joyce Allen, ARRC-LGD-C, 

subject: Field Servicing Equipment, 15 Aug 08; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical 

Report, Maj. James Rivenbark and Lt. Col. Michael Harvey, subject: Combat Support 

Training Center Proof of Principle, Patriot Warrior and Pacific Warrior Assistance, 5 Aug 

09 and Slides, USARC, Chief of Staff’s Preparation for CAR’s 24 March Congressional 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10. 

10 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Michael Harvey, ARRCLGD-C, subject: Equipment Loans/156-Rs, 21 Jul 08 and January-June 2009 Semi-Annual 

Historical Report, Maj. Michael Harvey, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: Equipment Loans/156-

Rs, 13 Aug 09.

11 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Kent Jennings/Mario Camacho, 

ARRC-LGD-T, subject: Second Destination Transportation, 21 Aug 08 and July-December 

2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Jennings/Camacho/S. Sgt. Noble Mitchell, ARRCLGD-T, subject: OMAR Second Destination Transportation Mission, 5 Feb 09.

12 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz and CSM Michael Schultz, Army Reserve 2010 Posture Statement, p. iv.

13 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, CWO3 JoAnn Timm, ARRCLGD-T, subject: Standard Army Retail Supply System (SARRS) Operations, 27 Jul 08.

14 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Bonita Seals, ARRCLGS-P, subject: FRAGO for Reassignment of Army Maintenance Support Activities 

(AMSAs) and Equipment Concentration Sites (ECS) to Regional Support Commands NLT 

20081001. 

15 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. J. Vincent Adams, ARRCLGO-O, subject: Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment 

are Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their Mission, 25 Aug 08; July – December 2008 

Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Ken Hammond, subject: Operations Division 

Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment are Logistically Ready to Accomplish 

Their Mission, 3 Feb 09; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Macy 

Runte, ARRC-LGO-O, subject: Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced 

for Deployment are Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their Mission, 10 Aug 09 and JulyDecember 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Hoffmeister, ARRC-LGO-O, 

subject: Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment are 

Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their Mission, 29 Jan 10. 
55

CHAPTER 3 • MATERIEL

16 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz and CSM Michael Schultz, Army Reserve 2010 Posture Statement, 

p. iv.

17 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. J. Vincent Adams, ARRCLGO-O, subject: Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment 

are Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their Mission, 25 Aug 08; July – December 2008 SemiAnnual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Ken Hammond, subject: Operations Division Ensures 

Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment are Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their 

Mission, 3 Feb 09; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Macy Runte, 

ARRC-LGO-O, subject: Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for 

Deployment are Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their Mission, 10 Aug 09 and JulyDecember 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Hoffmeister, ARRC-LGO-O, subject: 

Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment are Logistically 

Ready to Accomplish Their Mission, 29 Jan 10. 

18 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz and CSM Michael Schultz, Army Reserve 2010 Posture Statement, p. iv.

19 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. J. Vincent Adams, ARRCLGO-O, subject: Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment 

are Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their Mission, 25 Aug 08; July – December 2008 

Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Ken Hammond, subject: Operations Division 

Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment are Logistically Ready to Accomplish 

Their Mission, 3 Feb 09; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Macy 

Runte, ARRC-LGO-O, subject: Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced 

for Deployment are Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their, Mission, 10 Aug 09 and JulyDecember 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Hoffmeister, ARRC-LGO-O, 

subject: Operations Division Ensures Army Reserve Units Sourced for Deployment are 

Logistically Ready to Accomplish Their, Mission, 29 Jan 10. 

20 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Steven Mayerhoefer, ARRC-LGD-C, 

subject: GWOT Rotation FY 07-08, 25 Jul 08; July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical 

Report, Steven Mayerhoefer, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: GWOT Rotation FY 07-09, 10 Feb 

09 and January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Steven Mayerhoefer, ARRCLGD-C, subject: GWOT Rotation FY 07-09, 14 Aug 09.

21 Lt. Gen. Stultz and CSM Michael Schultz, Army Reserve 2010 Posture Statement, p. iv. 

22 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Steven Mayerhoefer, AARC- LGD-C, 

subject: Depot Maintenance Rebuild, 15 Jul 08 and July-December 2008 Semi-Annual 

Historical Report, Steven Mayerhoefer, AARC-LGD-C, subject: Depot Maintenance 

Rebuild, 13 Feb 09. 

23 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Steven Mayerhoefer, ARRC-LGD-C, 

subject: Depot Maintenance Rebuild, 13 Aug 09 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual 

Historical Report, Steven Mayerhoefer, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: Depot Maintenance 

Rebuild, 1 Feb 10.

24 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staff’s for the CAR’s 24 March Congressional Testimony, 

4 Mar 10.

25 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Douglas Halter, ARRC-LGD-C, 

subject: Improving the 5T Tractor Fleet, Aug 08; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical 

Report, Douglas Halter, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: Improving the 5T Tractor Fleet, 13 Aug 

09; July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Douglas Halter, ARRC-LGD-C, 

subject: Improving the 5T Tractor Fleet, 13 Feb 09 and January-June 2008 Semi-Annual 

Historical Report, Jerry Dendy, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: RECAP/RESET M1025R1/A2 

HMMWV, 8 Aug 08. 
56

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

26 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Jerry Dendy, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: 

RECAP M1097R1 HMMWV, 8 Aug 08; July-December Semi-Annual Historical Report, 

Jerry Dendy, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: RECAP M1097R1 HMMWV, 2 Feb 09 and JanuaryJune 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Jerry Dendy, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: RECAP 

M1097R1 HMMWV, 14 Aug 09. 

27 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Jerry Dendy, ARRC-LGD-C, 

subject: Supporting the SINCGARS Fielding with HMMWVS, 8 Aug 08; July-December 

2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Jerry Dendy, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: Supporting the 

SINCGARS Fielding with HMMWVS, 2 Feb 09; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical 

Report, Jerry Dendy, ARRC-LGD-C, subject: Supporting the SINCGARS Fielding with 

HMMWVS, Jul 09 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Jerry Dendy, 

ARRC-LGD-C, subject: Supporting the SINCGARS Fielding with HMMWVS, 2 Feb 10. 

28 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Mary Harkin, ARRC-LGS-P, subject: 

Construction of the Controlled Humidity Preservation Warehouse, Robstown, TX, 17 Aug 

09 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Mary Harkin, 

ARRC-LGS-P, subject: Construction of the Controlled Humidity Preservation Warehouse, 

Robstown, TX, 17 Dec 09.

29 Lt. Gen. Stultz’s Talking Points, Grand Opening Ceremony USAR Controlled Humidity 

Preservation Warehouse, 28 Sep 09. 

30 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Douglas Gradwohl 

and John Manibusan, ARRC-LGS-A, subject: USARC G-4 GCSS-Army Support Team, 

15 Jul 08; July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Douglas 

Gradwohl, ARRC-LGS-A, subject: USARC G-4 GCSS-Army Support Team, Feb 09; Maj. 

Vincent Buggs, ARRC-LGS-A, subject: USARC G-4 GCSS-Army Support Team, 2 Feb 

09; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Douglas Gradwohl 

and John Manibusan, ARRC-LGS-A, subject: USARC G-4 GCSS-Army Support Team, 

6 Aug 09 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, John 

Manibusan, ARRC-LGS-A, subject: USARC G-4 GCSS-Army Support Team, 31 Dec 09. 

31 January-June 208 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Ike Borges, ARRC-LGD-S, subject: 

Movement Tracking System, 16 Jul 08; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, 

Wayne Fulcher, ARRC-LGD-S, subject: Movement Tracking System, 6 Aug 09 and JulyDecember 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Wayne Fulcher, ARRC-LGS-S, subject: 

Movement Tracking System, 31 Dec 09.

32 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Bruce Ladman, ARRC-LGD-S, 

subject: Combat Service Support Very Small Aperture Terminal, 1 Jul 08; July-December 

2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Bruce Ladman, ARRC-LGD-S, subject: Combat 

Service Support Very Small Aperture Terminal, 3 Feb 09, January-June 2009 Semi-Annual 

Historical Report, Maj. Bruce Ladman, ARRC-LGD-S, subject: Combat Service Support 

Very Small Aperture Terminal, 6 Aug 09 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical 

Report, Maj. Bruce Ladman, ARRC-LGD-S, subject: Combat Service Support Very Small 

Aperture Terminal, 31 Dec 09. 

33 Slides, USARC, subject: Chief of Staff’s Preparation for the 24 March CAR’s Congressional 

Testimony, 4 Mar 10.

34 Ibid.

35 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz and CSM Leon Caffie, Army Reserve 2009 Posture Statement, p. 17.

36 Ibid and June 2008-January 2009 Historical Report w/attachment , Lt. Col. Sam Driver, 

ARRC-AV, subject: Aviation Facility Clearwater, Florida, 20 Feb 09.
57

CHAPTER 3 • MATERIEL

37 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. James Fitzgerald, DAARFD, subject: Major Aviation Systems Funding, 18 Feb 09. 

38 June 2008-January 2009 Historical Report w/attachment, Lt. Col. Sam Driver, ARRCAV, subject: Aviation Facility Clearwater, Florida, 20 Feb 09 and Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz and 

CSM Leon Caffie, Army Reserve 2009 Posture Statement, p. 17.

39 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. James Fitzgerald, DAARFD, subject: Major Aviation Systems Funding, 18 Feb 09. 

59

Services and infrastructure was a core enterprise. One of General 

Casey’s four imperatives concerned the well being of Soldiers 

and their families. “First and foremost,” General Casey believes, 

“we must sustain our Soldiers, Families and Civilians. Through 

meaningful programs, the Army is committed to providing the 

quality of life deserved by those who serve our Nation.”1

General Casey saw family benefits coming from ARFORGEN. 

“The first thing we need to do is get ourselves on this rotational 

model so we can sustain the folks that are with us.”2 ARFORGEN 

afforded predictability to Solders, families and employers, 

allowing for family, career and business planning.3

Secretary of the Army John M. McHugh echoed 

General Casey’s sentiments stating, “Our mission 

– No. 1 – must be to ensure that our Soldiers and 

their families are provided a quality of life that is 

equal to their extraordinary sacrifices.”4

Admiral Mullen believes that “Our core 

responsibility is to win wars while caring for our 

people and their families. They are the heart 

and soul of our formations . . . . As a Nation, we 

have a solemn obligation to support fully, across the spectrum 

of need, our service men and women, standing and fallen, and 

their families.”5 

This emphasis on Soldier and family care, of course, extended 

to the Army Reserve. “Everything we do,” declared General 

Stultz, “is for our Army Reserve Soldiers, their Families and their 

Employers. We are truly changing the paradigms for caring for 

John M. McHugh

CHAPTER

4

SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
60

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

the Families, caring about employers and nonetheless being prepared to 

protect this country and serve worldwide.”6

When asked what were some of his priorities, General Stultz 

replied: “First, is taking care of Soldiers. Our key to success is going to be 

manning this all-volunteer force. . . . A Soldier asks what does it cost me 

to be in the Army Reserve and what do I get for it. We used to say it cost a 

weekend a month and two weeks in the summer. We changed the equation. 

We’re asking more of the Soldier. We have to be sure we provide more back 

to him [to] improve his quality of life and take care of his family. What do 

we give the Soldier to balance out that new equation? The challenges were 

in dealing with a strategic reserve that we suddenly were turning into an 

operational force. We were – and still are to a certain extent—dealing with 

policies and procedures designed for a strategic reserve.” 

He pointed to TRICARE and its list of doctors 

from which Army Reserve families had to choose 

from as the ‘“best’” example. “Around an active 

duty installation are a lot of doctors who support 

the military family. In rural Alabama, however, 

 there were not a lot of TRICARE doctors, because there never 

needed to be. A lot of lessons were learned. TRICARE streamlined the process, and now we can get a doctor on the system very 

quickly.’”7

 Evidence of that care was exemplified in numerous initiatives 

and programs in 2008 and 2009. One was the continuance 

of the Army Reserve Warrior and Family Assistance Center 

established in October 2007. The center’s top priority remained 

providing assistance to Army Reserve Soldiers and families who 

requested support during medical, financial, administrative and 

other challenges. In 2008, the center contacted 1,100 Soldiers in 

Warrior Transition Units, Community-Based Warrior Transition 

Units and Veterans Administration Poly-Traumatic Centers.8

According to the Army Reserve’s Surgeon’s Office, as of 22

January 2010, 961 Soldiers were assigned to Warrior Transition 

Units; 515 were assigned to Community-Based Warrior 

Transition Units.9
61

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Army Reserve Warrior 

and Family Assistance 

Center

The Army Reserve Warrior and Family Assistance 

Center maintained its outreach activities by 

providing briefings at battle focused readiness 

reviews for various Army Reserve major 

subordinate commands, as well as at numerous 

conferences for other organizations in the military 

community. The center established its position as 

the Army Reserve’s pre-eminent subject matter 

expert on issues pertaining to TRICARE

medical coverage and line of duty investigations 

for all Army Reserve commanders and staffs with 

inquiries about these programs.10

Army Reserve Warrior and Family Assistance Center personnel provided 

guidance to the Survivor Outreach Services Program, a Department of 

the Army initiative to offer assistance and support to address the needs of 

families who suffered the loss of a Soldier. The center extended service to 

the geographically dispersed Soldiers in the Pacific Rim who required more 

local support than had previously been available.11

Another continuing initiative was 

the “virtual installation” first 

unveiled by Mrs. Laura Stultz in 

2007. ‘“We need to have,’” she 

opined, ‘“an installation of services 

that you can find in your community 

without having a military base 

nearby.’” “The idea is to replicate in 

the community every family service 

available on a military base – from 

generating an ID to family support 

services.” Families who lived far from an installation especially needed this 

with the deployment of a Soldier and with the Army Reserve as an operational 

force.12 The concept included what Lieutenant General Stultz termed an 

“Internet-based installation that families can visit on the web to obtain 

support and services.” The plan called for “other outlets in the community” 

such as kiosks in shopping malls and offices in veteran’s centers and reserve 

centers.13
62

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

AR-Wounded Soldier Sponsorship Program Lifecycle

AR Soldier Transition Through Medical Support System

AR-WFAC Sponsor Commitments

Contact WTU

leadership for

offer of

support,

family 

outreach and 

connection

to AR-Family

Programs

update home

UIC, follow

up work plan

Assist family

with needs, if

local engage

Local Sponsor

to assist with

County, State

or NGO

support, report

to home UIC

follow-up

work plan

Assist family

with needs,

engage

Chaplain,

Family

Programs,

Local Sponsor.

If separated

assist with

VA, Social

Security,

Employment

encourage

home UIC

to never forget

Yearly 

follow-up,

engage VA

Center,

Family

Programs,

Local

Sponsor if

necessary

Evac &

Notification Treatment Rehabilitation

Evaluation:

RTD

Evaluation:

Separate/Retire

Follow-on

Support

Landstuhl

LNOs meet

Soldier,

prepare

documents,

contact

AR-WFAC

AR-WFAC

Coordinator

assigns 

a Sponsor

Needs

assessment,

home UIC

contact,

Local Sponsor

assigned,

work plan

established

1 2 3 4 5

Figure 11
63

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

The concept became a reality in 2009 with the official opening on 12 

September of the first Army Strong Community Center at the Wadsworth 

Army Reserve Center in Rochester, New York, known as “Fort Rochester.” 

The nearest large Army post, Fort Drum, was 120 miles away. The Rochester 

center had been operating as a pilot project since December 2008 and had 

received 660 requests for assistance. There, staffers and volunteers talked 

to families “face to face” about services and programs available to them.14

“Deployed Soldiers,” General Stultz remarked, “can focus on their mission 

when they know that, if there’s a problem at home, the staff at the ASCC 

[Army Strong Community Center] will care for their Families. Soldiers who 

have Families that are helped by the center recognize that the Army Reserve 

cares about them and their Families. As a result, they decide to continue 

serving.” This care he remarked can be extended to “Gold Star Families – 

those who have lost loved ones in combat. . . .” The virtual installation was 

a way to “live up to . . . [the Army] warrior ethos. . . .”15 The Army Reserve 

planned to open five sites in fiscal year 2010. . . .16

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr., and his wife, Laura, center, cut the ribbon at the official grand 

opening of the first Army Strong Community Center in the Wadsworth Army Reserve Center in Rochester, New York, September 12, 2009. Michelle Zelaya, to their left, is one of the two full-time staffers 

and many volunteers credited with providing assistance to families whose loved ones are deployed, but 

don’t live close enough to a major installation to tap into its services. (Donna Miles) 
64

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

The concept became a reality in 2009 with the official opening on 12 

September of the first Army Strong Community Center at the Wadsworth 

Army Reserve Center in Rochester, New York, or known as “Fort Rochester.” 

The nearest large Army post, Fort Drum, was 120 miles away. The Rochester 

center had been operating as a pilot project since December 2008 and had 

received 660 requests for assistance. There staffers and volunteers talked 

to families “face to face” about services and programs available to them.14

“Deployed Soldiers,” General Stultz remarked, “can focus on their mission 

when they know that, if there’s a problem at home, the staff at the ASCC 

[Army Strong Community Center] will care for their Families. Soldiers who 

have Families that are helped by the center recognize that the Army Reserve 

cares about them and their Families. As a result, they decide to continue 

serving.” This care he remarked can be extended to “Gold Star Families – 

those who have lost loved ones in combat . . . .” The virtual installation was 

a way to “live up to . . . [the Army] warrior ethos . . . .” 15 The Army Reserve 

planned to open five sites in fiscal year 2010.16

The concept became a reality in 2009 with the official opening on 12 

September of the first Army Strong Community Center at the Wadsworth 

Army Reserve Center in Rochester, New York, or known as “Fort Rochester.” 

The nearest large Army post, Fort Drum, was 120 miles away. The Rochester 

center had been operating as a pilot project since December 2008 and had 

received 660 requests for assistance. There staffers and volunteers talked 

to families “face to face” about services and programs available to them.14

“Deployed Soldiers,” General Stultz remarked, “can focus on their mission 

when they know that, if there’s a problem at home, the staff at the ASCC 

[Army Strong Community Center] will care for their Families. Soldiers who 

have Families that are helped by the center recognize that the Army Reserve 

cares about them and their Families. As a result, they decide to continue 

serving.” This care he remarked can be extended to “Gold Star Families – 

those who have lost loved ones in combat . . . .” The virtual installation was 

a way to “live up to . . . [the Army] warrior ethos . . . .” 15 The Army Reserve 

planned to open five sites in fiscal year 2010.16

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr., and his wife, Laura, at the opening of the first Army 

Strong Community Center at the Wadsworth Army Reserve Center in Rochester, New York, known as 

“Fort Rochester.” 

Another family service was the Yellow 

Ribbon Reintegration Program. The Yellow 

Ribbon Reintegration Program is a national 

 combat veteran reintegration program to provide information, 

services, referral and proactive outreach programs to Soldiers and 

their families through all phases of the deployment cycle. The 

goal of the program, legislated in Section 582 of the National 

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, was to prepare 

Soldiers and Families for mobilization, sustain families during 

mobilization and reintegrate Soldiers with their families and 

community upon redeployment, leading to self-sufficient and 

resilient Soldiers and families. Commanders provided Soldiers 

preparing for deployment of ninety days or more and family 

members the opportunity to attend a day-long event after alert 

and again at pre-mobilization. Additional requirements included 

one-day activities for family members twice during the 

mobilization, two-day reintegration activities for Soldiers and 

their families at thirty and sixty days after redeployment or release 
65

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

from active duty (REFRAD) and a two-day event 

for Soldiers ninety days after deployment or 

REFRAD.17 According to General Stultz, in 2009, 

the Army Reserve conducted over 250 Yellow 

Ribbon events, serving some 12,000 redeploying 

Soldiers and 12,000 Family members.”18 The program will take 

on new dimensions in fiscal year 2010, working toward better 

fiscal management, accountability and increased participation.19

The Army Reserve Strong Bonds Enrichment 

Program continued. “Army Chaplain (Colonel) 

Mack Griffith, chief of program management for 

[the] Chaplain Directorate, call[ed] it one of the 

best-kept secrets in the Army Reserve.” He

 explained that “Thousands of Army Reserve families have 

benefitted from the program since 2004. . . . Soldiers’ testimonies 

speak for themselves. Many say it has saved their marriage.” The 

pre- and redeployment program aimed at strengthening 

relationships and helping Soldiers “cope with the transition from 

battlefield to home-front and the challenges of reintegration and 

connection.” It was available to singles, couples, and families. 

The Army Reserve conducted more than 200 Strong Bond events 

during fiscal year 2008. These events augmented Soldier and 

family communications and relationships skills. The training 

helped Soldiers and families relieve stress and addressed 

relationship issues during every phase of deployment. The Army 

Reserve dedicated about nine million dollars in fiscal year 2008 

for Strong Bonds.20

The Army Reserve Family Programs, dedicated to fostering Army strong 

Families, continued in 2008 and 2009 to develop and evolve to meet the 

needs of Soldiers and their Families. Army Reserve Family Programs 

capabilities included program management marketing; follow-up and 

referral; mobilization, deployment and reintegration information services; 

partnerships; outreach; training and development; crisis management; and 

command consultation. In General Stultz’s words, “Our vision is to have a 

Family Programs ‘face’ at every battalion or equivalent formation to promote 

resilient Soldiers, Families and volunteers.”21
66

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Comprehensive Solider 

Fitness Program

The Army Reserve G–1 and G-3 participated in 

the Army Comprehensive Soldier Fitness Program, 

a new 2009 Army-wide initiative, established to 

increase the resilience of Soldiers and families by 

developing their strengths in five important 

domains: physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and 

 family. Enhanced resilience, achieved by a combination of specific 

training and improved fitness in these five domains, can decrease 

post-traumatic stress, decrease the incidence of undesirable and 

destructive behavior, and lead to a greater likelihood for postadversity growth and success. The Army Reserve assisted in 

conducting the pilot of the Global Assessment Tool, an online 

survey tool used to provide a self-assessment to the survey taker 

on the aforementioned dimensions of strength. The Army 

Reserve sent fifteen Soldiers to master resilience trainer training 

and will utilize them to brief commanders and provide unit 

training.22

Social Resilience 
67

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

A Soldier explains how his group intends on bringing what they’ve learned at the Master Resilience 

Trainers class back to their fellow Soldiers as part of the class at the University of Pennsylvania in 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 15 August 2009. The class is in support of a new Army program called 

Comprehensive Soldier Fitness that is being developed to provide Army families, civilians and Soldiers 

better mental fitness resources. (C. Todd Lopez)

Couples at a Strong Bonds event.
68

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Participants in the 81st Regional Support Command’s Strong 

Bonds Marriage Enrichment 

Retreat renew their vows during the finale of the three-day 

workshop held recently at Hilton 

Head Island, South Carolina on 

24 March 2009. (Traci Cook)

The 3d Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) hosted a Strong Bonds retreat in November 2009 at 

Louisville’s Galt House Hotels and Suites. The Strong Bonds retreat was organized and implemented by 

the 3d Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) chaplain’s office and offered ways to increase individual 

Soldier and Family readiness and resiliency through relationship education and skills training. (U.S. 

Army photo by Specialist Michael Beh)
69

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Sergeant Brian Pauley, a food service noncommissioned officer with the 3d Sustainment Command 

(Expeditionary) and Charleston, West Virginia, native, and wife Sarah, an Oak Hill West Virginia, native, work together on a communication exercise during the 3d Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) 

Strong Bonds retreat which was held 6 to 8 November 2009, at Louisville’s Galt House Hotels and 

Suites. The Strong Bonds retreat was organized and implemented by the 3d Sustainment Command 

(Expeditionary) Chaplain’s Office and offered ways to increase individual Soldier and Family readiness and resiliency through relationship education and skills training. (U.S. Army photo by Specialist 

Michael Behlin)

One program benefiting Army Reserve 

Soldiers and their employers was the 

Employer Partnership Initiative. 

“Employers of Army Reserve Soldiers,” 

stated General Stultz, “remain a key 

building block in the foundation that 

supports our Army Reserve Soldiers.”23

The program was a joint venture 

designed to give business leaders real 

world benefits for employing and 

sharing Soldiers-Employees. It was 

designed to “build a bridge to employers who benefit . . . from Soldier’s 

training and skills.”24 This initiative was especially important given the 
70

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

American Trucking 

Association

constant deployment and strain on the work 

force.25 It was a win-win situation for employers 

and Army Reserve Soldiers as skills were crossleveled between the battlefield and the civilian 

sector. “When we,” remarked General Stultz, 

“produce truck drivers for America’s trucking 

industry, medical technologists for America’s 

medical community, law enforcement officers for

 America’s law enforcement agencies, and the same for 11 other 

Army Reserve specialties, it is a good value for America; not just 

for the military, but for the country.”26 The American Trucking 

Association and Inova Health Systems of Northern Virginia were 

the first formal partners to sign agreements on 14 April 2008.27 As 

of December 2009, the Army Reserve has signed 

more than 750 corporations, associations, state 

agencies, and local police departments.28

Lieutenant General Jack Stultz, Jr. signs an Employer Partnership Agreement with GE, 17 January 2009.
71

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

“The success of the Employer Partnership Initiative,” asserted General 

Stultz, “proves that it is an exceptional value for America, making the Army 

Reserve a positive investment for our nation and for our future business 

leaders. We are recruiting,” he continued, “not only Soldiers for America’s 

Army Reserve, but employees for America’s industry at the same time. 

Conversely, those who come to us from the civilian sector, having acquired 

a set of skills they can transfer to a military specialty, are able to employ 

those civilian acquired skill sets on the battlefield.”29 It results in “affordable 

readiness.”30 “Over time,” he explained, “our employer partnership initiative 

will become a key national human-capital strategy in which two entities 

share and enhance the training, development, and talents of one individual 

who contributes to the defense of our country and to sustaining a robust 

national economy.”31 It also boosted recruiting.32

The USARC conducted Welcome Home Warrior 

Citizen ceremonies for those Soldiers returning 

from a deployment. This welcome home program 

publicly recognized in General Stultz’s words 

“the sacrifices Army Reserve Soldiers and their 

 Families make on behalf of the nation.” The program began in 

fiscal year 2004. As of July 2009, 124,887 Soldiers, their families 

and employers have been the recipients of special awards 

“honoring their service and support.”33

The Army Reserve, as noted previously, supported the families of fallen 

Soldiers. The Army Reserve has lost 183 warrior citizens in the Global War 

on Terrorism. General Stultz remarked, “We recognize the ultimate sacrifice 

these Soldiers and their Families have made for the cause of freedom and 

we proudly honor our fallen comrades in ceremonies and personal tributes. 

By remembering the distinguished service of our fallen,” continued General 

Stultz, “their selfless acts of bravery and leadership in the Army Reserve 

remain Army Strong. As part of our commitment to the Families of the 

fallen, the Army Reserve conducts a memorial service to honor their loved 

one’s sacrifice, offers chaplain support if requested, as well as ongoing 

support to help the Family through the difficult time.”34

The fallen were not only on the battlefield. On 5 November 2009, a Soldier 

brandishing two fire arms entered a Soldier processing center at Fort Hood, 

Texas. He killed thirteen Soldiers before being stopped. Among the fallen 

were five Army Reserve Soldiers: Lieutenant Colonel Juanita L. Warman, 
72

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Major Libardo E. Caraveo, Captain John P. Gaffaney, Captain Russell G. 

Seager and Staff Sergeant Amy S. Krueger. (See appendix D.) 

Army Reserve Captain John Gaffaney, a psychiatric nurse, is being called 

a hero for his actions in the tragedy.35 The USARC responded by sending 

Major Betty Harris, a nurse coordinator, for a week to visit twenty-five 

Army Reserve families for the Wounded Soldiers Sponsorship Program. 

Lieutenant Colonel Peter Bauer from the Warrior and Family Assistance 

Center was in daily contact with her and called daily to offer professional 

clinical consultation to the staff of the Department of Pastoral Care and 

Ministry at Fort Hood.36

On 18 November, the USARC held a memorial ceremony. Addressing the 

attendees, General Stultz remarked: “Losing fellow Soldiers is among our 

most difficult of challenges. That is why we are extremely grateful for their 

lives - for their lives were ones of service to the country, to their community 

and to their fellow man. . . . Their lives speak to the strength and dignity of 

all who serve.”37

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr. and his wife, Laura, honor the Fort Hood fallen at the USARC 

memorial service, 18 November 2009.
73

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Pete Geren

Secretary of the Army Pete Geren declared 2009 

as the Year of the Noncommissioned Officer. 

Geren; Representative Silvestre Reyes, a member 

of the House Armed Services Committee; Army 

Chief of Staff George Casey, Jr., and Sergeant 

Major of the Army Kenneth Preston kicked off 

the Year of the NCO at the Sergeants Major 

Academy on 5 January 2009. “As I’ve looked 

across the Army,” remarked General Casey, “in 

 the last couple of years it has been clear to me that it is our noncommissioned officers that are providing the glue that is not only 

holding this force together at a very difficult time, but is allowing 

us to accomplish the near impossible every day.”38

According to General Stultz, “Not much happens in the Army Reserve 

without NCO involvement, leadership and guidance.” He noted that they 

were often seen as the “backbone of the organization, but because they are 

the primary and most visible leaders for the bulk of our service personnel, 

the term backbone hardly does them justice. They lead from the front, 

projecting the self-confidence, authority and enthusiasm needed to face the 

toughest challenges that come with fighting two wars simultaneously, while 

being the catalyst for the continuity of operations as our units realign.”39

The Army Reserve’s highest ranking NCO, Command Sergeant Major 

Leon Caffie, said Army Reserve Soldiers took “seriously the NCO Creed 

to be leaders of Soldiers.” He pointed to two outstanding NCOs, Specialist 

David Obray of the 492nd Engineer Company who was the Army’s 2008 

Soldier of the Year (the first Army Reserve Soldier to receive the award) and 

Sergeant Gregory Ruske who in 2008 earned the Silver Star. “Every day, 

Army Reserve NCOs like Sgt. Obray and Sgt. Ruske,” Command Sergeant 

Major Caffie adjudged, “perform acts that demonstrate commitment, selfless 

service, and personal courage. Whether on the battlefield, on the job, 

with their Families or in the communities, our Warrior-Citizens are great 

American heroes. Their sacrifices make real differences in people’s lives.”40

No doubt Command Sergeant Major Caffie would add to the list Specialist 

David Hutchinson, another Silver Star recipient, as well as Staff Sergeant 

Aaron Butler, the 2009 NCO of the Year.
74

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

“The Creed of the Noncommissioned Officer”

No one is more professional than I. I am a Noncommissioned 

Officer, a leader of soldiers. As a Noncommissioned Officer, 

I realize that I am a member of a time honored corps, which 

is known as “The Backbone of the Army.” 

I am proud of the Corps of Noncommissioned Officers and 

will at all times conduct myself so as to bring credit upon the 

Corps, the Military Service and my country regardless of the 

situation in which I find myself. I will not use my grade or 

position to attain pleasure, profit, or personal safety. 

Competence is my watch-word. My two basic responsibilities 

will always be uppermost in my mind--accomplishment 

of my mission and the welfare of my soldiers. I will strive 

to remain tactically and technically proficient. I am aware 

of my role as a Noncommissioned Officer. I will fulfill my 

responsibilities inherent in that role. All soldiers are entitled 

to outstanding leadership; I will provide that leadership. I 

know my soldiers and I will always place their needs above 

my own. I will communicate consistently with my soldiers 

and never leave them uninformed. I will be fair and impartial 

when recommending both rewards and punishment. 

Officers of my unit will have maximum time to accomplish 

their duties; they will not have to accomplish mine. I will 

earn their respect and confidence as well as that of my 

soldiers. I will be loyal to those with whom I serve; seniors, 

peers and subordinates alike. I will exercise initiative by 

taking appropriate action in the absence of orders. I will not 

compromise my integrity, nor my moral courage. I will not 

forget, nor will I allow my comrades to forget that we are 

professionals, Noncommissioned Officers, leaders!
75

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Staff Sergeant Aaron Butler, the Army Reserve NCO of the Year, packs his equipment during PCC/PCI 

at the Department of the Army Best Warrior Competition at Fort Lee, Virginia on Tuesday, 29 September 2009. (Timothy L. Hale/U.S. Army Reserve Command, Army Reserve Public Affairs)

Sergeant Major of the Army Kenneth Preston congratulates Specialist David Obray, 2008 Army Soldier 

of the Year. 
76

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Sergeant Gregory Ruske is the fourth Army Reserve Soldier in the Global War on Terrorism to receive 

the Silver Star. 

Specialist David Hutchinson is the fifth Army Reserve soldier in the Global War on Terrorism to receive 

the Silver Star.
“Dust Devils”

Master Sergeant Martin J. Cervantez 

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
78

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

1 Testimony, Statement of General George W. Casey, Jr. Before the House Committee 

on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs and Related 

Agencies, 6 May 2009. 

2 Article, “General Casey: Complex Operations and Counterinsurgency,” 28 May 2009, 

http://www.acus.org/event/general-casey-complex-operations-and-counterinsurgency. 

3 Article, Lt. Gen Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitment: Prepare for the Unexpected,” The 

Officer, Dec 09, p. 46.

4 Article, Gerry Gilmore, American Forces Press Service, “Gates, Casey welcome new 

Army Secretary,” 3 Nov 09, http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/11/03/29752-gates-caseywelcome-new-army-secretary/index.html.

5 Admiral M.G. Mullen, CJCS Guidance for 2009-2010, 21 Dec 09.

6 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz Pre-Decisional Closing Remarks, SLWC, 6 May 2009.

7 Read ahead with attachment for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with Military Update, 28 

May 2009. 

8 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Glen Damon, ARRC-FPW, 

subject: WFAC, 19 Feb 09 and January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lisa 

Yanity, ARRC-WF, subject: WFAC, 19 Aug 09. 

9 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Deidre Kane, ARRC-MD, 

subject: National Capital Region Strategic Initiative, no date.

10 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Maj. Glen Damon, ARRC-FPW, 

19 Feb 09 and January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, ARRC-WF, Lisa Yanity, 

19 Aug 09. 

11 Ibid.

12 Article, Eric Milton, “Virtual Installation,” The Officer, September 2009, p. 63.

13 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment for America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, p. 143; Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment, “ The Officer, Dec 08, p. 29 

and Article, no author, “A Really Big Army Post,” The Officer, August 2008, p. 50.

14 Article, Eric Milton, “Virtual Installation,” The Officer, September 2009, p. 63.

15 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Talking Points, PCC Spouses, 31 Oct 2009. 

16 Article, Donna Miles, “’Virtual Installation’ Concept Becomes Physical Reality with ‘Fort 

Rochester,” The Officer, November 2009, p. 23 and Operation Order 10-032 Army Reserve 

(AR) Virtual Installation Army Strong Community Center Pilot, USARC, 9 Dec 09.

17 January-June 2008 and January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Walter 

Goodrich, AR G-1, Well Being Office, subject: Implementation of the Yellow Ribbon 

Reintegration Program, 21 Apr 08 and 10 Aug 09; Operation Order 08-102 (Yellow Ribbon 

Reintegration Program), 30 Jul 08 and Warning Order 001 (08-102) (Implementation of the 

Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program), 29 Apr 08.

18 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz and CSM Michael Schultz, Army Reserve 2010 Posture Statement, p. iv.

19 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Lt. Col. John 

Williams, ARRC-PRC, subject: Strategic Communications Projects, Feb 09. 

20 DCAR Remarks at Chaplains Conference, 24 Feb 09; Article, no author, “Strong Bonds 

Program build relationships in Army families,” The Officer, Feb-Mar 09, p. 53 and July-
79

CHAPTER 4 • SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Chaplain (Lt. Col.) Robert Pleczkowski, 

subject: Historical Report, Jan 09.

21 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Remarks, AR Family Programs, 18 Feb 09.

22 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Capt. Jovon Perry, subject: 

Comprehensive Soldier Fitness Program, 8 Feb 10.

23 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, Pre-Decisional Closing Remarks SLWC, 6 May 2009. 

24 Read Ahead for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Interview with Stars & Stripes, 21 Jul 09.

25 Army Reserve General Officers Town Hall Meeting with the CAR, 30 Apr 09.

26 Ibid.

27 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 29.

28 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, A Positive Investment for America, Pre-Command Course, 6 Dec 

09.

29 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Remarks to SARCA, 1 Feb 09.

30 Lt. Gen. Stultz’s Remarks at Southern Nevada Army Reserve Ball, 21 Nov 09.

31 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 29. 

32 Article, Eric Minton,” A Win Partnership,” The Officer, Jun-Jul 08, p. 24.

33 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Remarks, AR Family Programs, 18 Feb 09 and Read Ahead for Lt. 

Gen. Jack Stultz’s Interview with Stars and Stripes, 21 Jul 09.

34 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Remarks, U.S. Army Reserve Bb/Bde Pre-Command Course, 25 

Jan 09. 

35 Article, Gregg Zoroya, “Witnesses say reservist was a Fort Hood hero,” 24 November 

2009, http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/11/ap_hood_hero_112409/. 

36 Email, Jason Wetzel to Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Memorial Ceremony In Honor of the 

Five USAR Soldiers at Fort Hood, 18 Nov 09.

37 CAR Remarks at Fallen Soldier Ceremony, USARC, 18 Nov 09.

38 Article, Gen George Casey, Jr., “Gen. George W. Casey Jr.’s Remarks at AUSA ILW 

Breakfast,” 14 Jan 09, http://www.army.mil’speeches/2009/01/15/15965-gen-george-wcasey-jrs-remarks-at-ausa-ilw-breakfast.

39 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “A Positive Investment For America,” 2009-10 Army Green 

Book, p. 134. 

40 Article, CSM Leon Caffie, “U.S. Army Reserve-Balance Priorities,” http://nco.

theopendemo.com/blog/?p=109, 23 February 2009 and Article, Staff Sergeant Melissa 

Garcia, “SPC. Ruske Receives Silver Star,” Warrior Citizen, Winter 2009, pp. 22-25.

81

Force restructuring was another aspect of Army Reserve transformation to 

an operational ready reserve. The Army Reserve continued at an accelerated 

pace in 2008 and 2009 to transform from a strategic reserve to an operational 

force by streamlining command and control structure, standing down nondeployable support commands and establishing operational and functional 

commands in their place. This reduced the number of support headquarters 

and developed more deployable modular, brigade-sized commands to 

generate more specialized capabilities in Army Reserve core competencies. 

‘“We’ve got to get our structure rebalanced,’” said General Stultz.1

The Army changed from a division to a brigade-based force. This was in 

response to lessons learned in the Balkans, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Greater 

flexibility was needed to fight asymmetric wars. Brigades were more flexible 

than divisions. Brigades were designed as modules. They were self-sufficient 

and standardized. Brigade combat teams were more readily deployed. They 

combined easily with other Army and joint forces to confront changing 

tactics. The combatant commander can rapidly adjust fire in a fast-paced 

fight. The combat commander can get exactly the structure needed for the 

mission at hand.2

 The Army restructured its organizations to create standalone and modular forces while retaining broad-spectrum capability. The 

Army was returning to a traditional tactical echelon — the brigade—to 

restructure today’s Army. The brigade was smaller and more agile than the 

division.3

Modular units were more tailorable, deployable, and versatile.4 Modularity 

allowed self-sufficient organizations to enter and exit from unit formations 

with negligible amplification or restructuring. The Army called this its “plug 

and play mode.” Standardized units could be readily exchanged with each 

other as required. The modular brigade combat team was the fundamental 

combined arms building block for force projection.5 A brigade combat 

team was a “permanently structured, self-contained combined arms team.” 

CHAPTER

5

RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE
82

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

The new brigade combat teams were smaller, which allowed more to be 

organized without a major increase in end strength. The modular redesign 

increased the number of regular Army brigades, reducing the deployment 

tempo of each brigade and increasing available training time.6 Brigades now 

have capabilities previously found at division level and higher.7

The Army Reserve embraced modularity and incorporated it into its 

restructuring and rebalancing scheme. According to that plan, eight modular 

modified table of organization and equipment “sustainment brigades” were 

activated from existing structure in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Two combat 

support brigades (maneuver enhancement) were activated in fiscal year 2008.8

The USARC transferred command and control from the traditional nondeployable regional commands to various deployable operational and 

functional commands. USARC’s Force Management Division issued 

hundreds of activation orders. As Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Miller 

from the USARC’s Staff Judge Advocate observed, “The organizational 

restructuring of the Army Reserve proved dynamic.”9 This was happening in 

conjunction with the mobilization and deployment of thousands of Soldiers 

in support of the Global War on Terrorism. 

According to General Stultz, at the beginning of fiscal year 2008, 78 percent 

of Army Reserve units had been realigned from a Cold War strategic 

reserve configuration of geographically based headquarters to operational 

and functional commands. By May 2009, the realignment was 92 percent 

complete.10 By December 2009, General Stultz declared transformation was 

“essentially complete.”11 The Army Reserve is transforming its operational 

functional command structure. “We,” General Stultz stated, “are moving 

away from a legacy structure that served us well as a strategic reserve to 

a leaner, more specified configuration that accommodates command and 

control of an operational force. We are also restructuring to add capability 

for the future. This is the capability we need to support new Army missions, 

such as stability operations. The Army Reserve is doing the right thing, 

internally, while transforming, externally.”12 “We are going to continue to 

adapt and continue to change as we move forward.”13

“We remain on track,” he said, “to realign more than 17,000 spaces from 

the Army Reserve institutional force to critically needed operating assets, 

rebalancing and right-sizing a modular force. Rebalancing the force will 

ease operational tempo for Active and Reserve Components and provide 
83

CHAPTER 5 • RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE

predictable, ready combat support and combat service 

support capabilities most in demand by combatant 

commanders in today’s security environment.”14 “The 

new configuration supports operations in the United 

States and eighteen other countries around the 

world.”15

The Army Reserve disestablished the ten regional 

readiness commands on 16 September 2008 and 

designated the new commands as the 63d, 81st, 88th, 

and 99th Regional Support Commands. Fort McCoy, 

Wisconsin, was the home for the 88th; Moffett Field, 

California, for the 63d; Fort Dix, New Jersey, for the 

99th; and Fort Jackson, South Carolina, for the 81st. 

These commands provided personnel, information 

and resource management facilities, and equipment 

support to the Army Reserve units in their geographic 

regions. The former missions of command and 

control and training and readiness oversight shifted 

to twenty-two operational and functional commands. 

“This shift,” explained General Stultz, “enables us to 

source more operational units from the space savings 

that result from reductions in overhead throughout 

the Army Reserve.” He pointed to the deactivation 

of one of these regional readiness commands and in 

its place the activation of the 316th Expeditionary 

Sustainment Command. The 316th deployed in less 

than twelve months later and “took command of 

over 20,000 active Army, National Guard and Army 

Reserve Soldiers in Iraq, providing logistical support 

for all U.S. forces, coalition forces, and Iraqi forces, 

from,” as General Stultz put it, “beans to bullets, from 

fuel to parts. The 316th Expeditionary Sustainment 

Command demonstrated the ability of the Army 

Reserve to quickly transform while at war.”16 All units 

remaining aligned to the regional readiness commands 

had to be reassigned. Where possible, units were to be 

assigned to the operational and functional commands. 

Those units without functional alignments were to 

be assigned to the U.S. Army Reserve Readiness 

316th Expeditionary

Sustainment 

Command

81st Regional 

Support Command

88th Regional 

Support Command

99th Regional

Support Command

63d Regional 

Support Command
84

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Command.17 The operational and functional commands are deployable 

elements, commanding units of the same or similar functional capabilities.18

See figure twelve showing the operational and functional commands.

Activation ceremony for the 99th 

Regional Support Command, 20 

September 2008.

“Today marks a major milestone in 

the mission success of realigning the 

Army Reserve. With this ceremony 

we take another major step in making Army Reserve transformation a 

reality and put another building 

block in place to transform our force 

from a Cold War strategic reserve to 

a well-trained operational force that 

compliments the Army across the 

full spectrum of capabilities.” Major 

General William Monk III 

Colonel Ralph Hersey transfers command of the 88th Regional Support Command to Major General 

James Sholar during the activation ceremony at Fort McCoy, 19 September 2009.
85

CHAPTER 5 • RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE

The 65th Regional Readiness Command actually disestablished on 15 

September 2007. The Army Reserve transferred command and control of 

its units in Puerto Rico to the 166th Regional Support Group with a mission 

support element. The mission support element was renamed mission support 

command due to its geographic location and significant distance from the 

supporting regional support command. The 1st Mission Support Command 

assumed command and control of units in Puerto Rico effective 1 October 

2008. The 1st Mission Support Command was a direct reporting unit to the 

USARC.19

377th Theater

Sustainment 

Command

In April 2008, General Stultz approved the 

establishment of a second theater sustainment 

command, which will significantly enhance Army 

Reserve command and control for logistics units. As a 

result of General Stultz’s decision, the 90th Regional 

Readiness Command received a tasking to activate the 

4th Expeditionary Sustainment Command effective 

16 October 2009 while the 70th Regional Readiness 

Command received a tasking to activate the 364th 

Expeditionary Sustainment Command effective 16 

October 2009. The 70th also received a tasking to 

develop an implementation plan as to how it will 

develop a theater sustainment command in a provisional 

status using the 364th and additional mission 

support element authorizations. With the addition 

of the two expeditionary sustainment commands, 

the Army Reserve will have over 58,000 combat 

service support authorizations. The Army Reserve

was realigning three expeditionary sustainment 

commands in the eastern U.S. area of responsibility 

and their subordinate units with 33,425 spaces to the 

377th Theater Sustainment Command.20 The 377th 

Theater Sustainment Command assumed command 

and control of the 103rd, 143d, 310th, 311th, and 

316th Expeditionary Sustainment Commands, the 

Army Reserve Sustainment Command, and the 

Deployable Support Command. It has command 

and control of over 500 down trace units throughout 

the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the 

Virgin Islands.21
86

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

OPERATIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL COMMANDS - FY10

Figure 12

Due to the large formation of combat service support force structure, the 

Army Reserve needed to establish another two star combat service support 

headquarters in the western continental United States to command and 

control up to four expeditionary sustainment commands and their down 

trace units with 21,038 spaces. On 30 September 2009, the Department of 

the Army approved the Army Reserve concept plan for a command first 

developed on 22 December 2008. Consequently, the chief, Army Reserve 

directed the establishment of the Sustainment Support Command, which 
87

CHAPTER 5 • RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE

79th United States 

Army Reserve 

Sustainment 

Support Command

activated on 1 December 2009; it is located in Los 

Alamitos, California, and co-located with the 311th 

Expeditionary Sustainment Command. The mission 

of the Sustainment Support Command will be to 

prepare operational units for deployment and 

maintain readiness posture for deployment and 

peacetime command and control. Establishing the 

Sustainment Support Command enables the Army 

Reserve to execute command and control of all aligned 

subordinate combat service support commands. The 

Sustainment Support Command will consist of 122 

Troop Program Unit spaces. This was part of the 

transformation initiative to transfer command and 

control of combat service support units from the 

regional readiness commands to operational 

commands. Effective 5 January 2010, the Center of 

Military History approved the designation of the 

sustainment support command as the 79th United 

States Army Reserve Sustainment Support 

Command.22

 

200th Military 

Police Command

The 200th Military Police Command was among 

those units activated; it activated on 16 April 2008. 

The command was the first multi-component military 

police theater command in the history of the Army. 

The organization included more than 120 subordinate 

commands, including units transferred from the 

disestablishing regional readiness commands. It 

comprised over 12,000 Army Reserve military police 

Soldiers and supporting staff from across the nation. 

Its operational mission was to provide command and 

control for two to five assigned/attached military 

police brigades with subordinate units (battalions, 

companies, detachments) performing military police 

battlefield functions. During peacetime operations, 

the command provided command and control and 

training readiness oversight for all organizations 

under its command.23
88

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

U.S. Army 

Reserve Joint and 

Special Troops 

Support Command 

Distinctive Unit 

Insignia

A Legal Command was provisionally established 

effective 26 May 2006. The Legal Command will 

provide command and control for twenty-three 

existing troop program unit (TPU) COMPO 3 legal 

support organizations and mobilization support 

organizations, totaling 1,440 TPU Soldiers. The 

Legal Command will focus on the training and 

readiness of judge advocate high demand hard skills 

and low density Army Reserve judge advocate Soldier 

requirements necessitated by continuous real time

demand across the full spectrum of operational 

requirements. The Legal Command was assigned to 

the USAR Joint and Special Troops Support 

Command. On 4 June 2009, the USARC published 

the permanent order establishing the command.24

Effective 1 October 2009,command and control of 

designated legal support organizations aligned to 

the 90th Regional Readiness Command transferred 

to the Legal Command.25

84th Training 

Command (Unit 

Readiness

Long in the making, effective 1 October 2009, the 

USARC established a training command (unit 

readiness); the following day the USARC issued 

permanent orders redesignating the 84th Training 

Command (Leader Readiness) to the 84th Training 

Command (Unit Readiness).

On 17 December 2009, 

General Stultz signed a 

memorandum establishing 

the Army Reserve 

Readiness Training Center 

(Provisional) from the 4th 

Battalion, 339th Regiment, 

formed from the previous 

ARRTC when the 84th 

Training Command (Leader 

Readiness) was established.26 The Army Reserve

Readiness Training Center (Provisional) will report 

directly to the USARC’s deputy commanding general 

Army Reserve Readiness Training Center
89

CHAPTER 5 • RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE

under staff oversight of the G-3/5/7. It will execute the Army program for 

individual training for two school codes; it will command the 2d Battalion, 

339th Regiment and noncommissioned officer academies.27

108th Training 

Command

70th Training 

Division

The USARC took these actions to create unity of 

command of disparate training support structure, 

which enabled unity of effort in critical ARFORGEN 

years three and four training exercises. The USARC 

used the existing 84th Training Command (Leader 

Readiness), migrated its former individual and leader 

education subordinate structure to the 70th Training 

Division and the 108th Training Command, and 

realigned command of the three training brigades 

and control of the three regional training centers to 

the 84th Training Command (Unit Readiness). The 

command, operational on 1 October 2009, was 

capable of providing command and control of assigned 

units; operational control or administrative control of 

designated units and initiation of planning,

coordination and execution for warrior exercises, 

combat support training center and regional 

training center rotations and small arms readiness 

training, as well as providing training assistance to 

operational and functional commands throughout 

ARFORGEN.28

U.S. Army Civil 

Affairs and 

Psychological 

Operations 

Command

On 1 October 2006, the U.S. Army Civil Affairs and 

Psychological Operations Command and all 

subordinate Army Reserve civil affairs and 

psychological force structure were realigned from the 

U.S. Special Operations Command to the USARC. 

The U.S. Army Civil Affairs and Psychological 

Operations Command developed a concept plan to 

activate a training brigade with five subordinate 

companies. The units were activated on 16 September 

2009 with changed locations from the original 

concept.29
90

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

412th Theater 

Engineer Command 

Distinctive Unit 

Insignia

There were multiple inactivations such as the 

Department of the Army’s approval of the 412th 

Engineer Command’s request to accelerate the 

inactivation of the 328th and 484th Engineer 

Detachments to 15 April 2009.30 The Army Reserve 

inactivated five regional support groups.31 Indeed, 

over six months, the USARC’s Force Management 

Division, G3/5/7 issued 141 inactivation orders.32

Military Intelligence 

Readiness 

Command

Among realignment actions, Army Reserve bands 

converted on 16 October 2008 to modular structure 

with eighteen small bands to the regional support 

commands and one medium band to the USARC 

headquarters.33 Unable to invest in new brigade-level 

headquarters, the Army Reserve decided to realign 

two regional support groups (648th and 208th) to the 

Military Intelligence Readiness Command.34

3d Medical 

Command 

(Deployment 

Support) Distinctive 

Unit Insignia

On 15 July 2008, the 3d Medical Command assumed 

command and control of the 804th Medical Brigade. 

On 16 September 2008, the 3d Medical Command 

became the 3d Medical Command (Deployment 

Support). It served as the single medical enabler 

supporting Army Central Command across the full 

spectrum of operations in the Central Command area 

of responsibility while delivering state-of-the-art 

combat healthcare to U.S. service members and other 

personnel in accordance with the medical rules of 

engagement. Then, on 1 October 2008, the 3d 

Medical Command (Deployment Support) assumed 

command and control of the 8th and 338th Medical 

Brigades. The 3d Medical Command (Deployment 

Support) returned to theater in October 2008 to 

provide command and control for all medical assets in 

Kuwait and Qatar.35

There were other restructuring actions in the medical 

force. For example, the 807th Medical Command 

inactivated on 15 September 2008 in Seagoville, Texas; 

the 807th Medical Command (Deployment Support), 
91

CHAPTER 5 • RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE

807th Medical 

Command 

(Deployment 

Support) Distinctive 

Unit Insignia

a two star operational and functional command, 

activated the next day in Salt Lake City, Utah.36 Like 

the 3d Medical Command (Deployment Support), 

this was part of the restructuring of the Army 

Reserve-Medical Command. On 1 October 2008, the 

807th and 3rd Medical Command (Deployment 

Support) assumed command and control over the 

modified table of organization and equipment units in 

their respective regions of authority and became 

direct reporting units to the USARC rather than to 

Army Reserve-Medical Command. The 807th was the 

largest with 11,000 Soldiers.37 The four medical 

readiness support groups were realigned to report 

directly under the Army Reserve-Medical Command. 

Army Reserve-Medical Command’s global engagement in 2008 involved more than 2,632 Soldiers; 

555 were deployed to Iraq.38

On 14 August 2008, the Department of the Army, in 

accordance with the Army Campaign Plan, approved 

the USARC’s request to transform the existing 

Army Reserve garrison support unit structure into 

two continental United States and one outside the 

continental United States mobilization support 

groups. The transformation provided additional 

structure to assist in managing the increased 

rotational support for ten mobilization stations.39 The 

Department of the Army approved on 9 September 

2008 the reorganization and redesignation of Army 

Reserve East and West Regional Support Groups, 

distinguishing them as separate headquarters from 

Army Reserve training support divisions and clarifying 

command and control for their assigned down trace 

units.40

One of the numerous reassignments involved the

100th Division (Institutional Training). It was

reassigned to the 80th Training Command (Total 

Army School System) effective 1 October 2008.41

Effective 1 October 2009, the 332nd Medical Brigade 
92

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

80th Training 

Command (Total 

Army School 

System)

and the 5th Medical Group were reassigned to the 3d 

Medical Deployment Support Command.42 Indeed, in 

the first six months of 2009, the Force Management 

Division issued 130 reassignment orders.43

Among other transformation actions, Headquarters 

and Headquarters Company (HHC) 78th Training 

Support Division and HHC 91st Training Support 

Division were relocated in accordance with Base 

Realignment and Closure (BRAC) 2005 to major 

training sites and reorganized to training brigades (operations) with a third 

one established at Fort McCoy. They were direct reporting commands to 

the USARC. These actions enhanced the combat support training center 

program.44

In an effort to meet the secretary of defense’s twelve month mobilization 

policy, the Army Reserve established regional Soldier readiness process teams 

located within each regional readiness command to identify, fix and validate 

Soldier readiness. As a result of this intensive initiative, the Army Reserve 

reduced medical, dental and administrative fall outs at the mobilization 

platforms from 25 percent to 2 percent. This decrease in personnel enabled 

the Army Reserve to reduce post-mobilization training time and increase 

boots-on-ground. On 8 December 2009, four Soldier readiness process 

teams were approved, totaling fifty unfunded Individual Mobilization 

Augmeentee positions.45 It has truly been a kinetic transformation of the 

Army Reserve. See figure thirteen for a depiction of the Army Reserve 

transformed as of 6 December 2009. 

Part of transformation was the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure action. 

According to General Casey, “The Army continue[d] to restation forces 

and Families around the globe. . . . As an essential component of Army 

transformation, BRAC 2005 actions optimize infrastructure to support the 

Army’s current and future force requirements. The disposal of Cold War era 

infrastructure,” asserted General Casey, “and the implementation of modern 

technology to consolidate activities frees up financial and human resource.” 

As General Casey explained, “over 1,100 discrete actions are required for 

the Army to successfully implement our BRAC 2005 requirements. The 

extent and impact of these actions,” adjudged General Casey,” are far 

greater than all four previous BRAC rounds combined and are expected 

to create significant annual savings. In total, over 380,000 Soldiers, Family 
93

CHAPTER 5 • RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE

members, and Army civilian employees will relocate as BRAC 2005 is 

implemented. Under BRAC 2005, the Army will close 12 Active Component 

installations, 1 Army Reserve installation, 387 National Guard and Army 

Reserve Centers, and 8 leased facilities . . . . To accommodate the units 

relocating from the closing National Guard Readiness and Army Reserve 

Centers, BRAC 2005 authorizes 125 multi-component Armed Forces 

Reserve Centers and realigns U.S. Army Reserve command and control 

structure.” The plan “awarded 26 Reserve Component projects in 18 states. 

. . .”46

ARMY RESERVE TRANSFORMED

IMA

USARC

RSC (4) 9TH MSC 7TH CSC

THEATER

ENGINEER

COMMAND (2)

SIGNAL

COMMAND

(THEATER)

BATTLE CMD

STAFF

TRAINING

DIVISION

MED CMD

DEP SPT (2)

AVIATION

COMMAND

OPERATIONAL

CMD POST (2)

AVIATION

BRIGADE

THEATER

MP

COMMAND

TRAINING

COMMAND

(TASS)

TRAINING

COMMAND

(IET)

TRAINING

COMMAND

(LDR RDNS)

JOINT & SPC

TROOPS CMD

AR MED

COMMAND

SIGNAL

COMMAND

(THEATER) (-)

MP BRIGADE

(4) CALCOM (4) ENGINEER

BRIGADE (4)

CAC

BCST

SIGNAL

BRIGADE (2)

AR SPT

CMD (1A)

1A

AR RSG TSD

1A

DIV TNG BDE

(OPS)

MIRC

MAN

SPT SUST IET IET

DSC

ARSC

FUNC LT OPS

SPT

SUS

SPC

CMD

SUS

CMD

(EXP) (4)

SUS

CMD

(EXP) (4)

SUS

CMD

(T)

USACAPOC 1ST MSC

HQDA USARPAC USAREUR

(CSA)

HRC

TD

MTOE

NETCOM

TECHCON

TECHCON

ADCON

ADCON

COORDINATION

C2

TECHCON

ADCON OPCON

Figure 13: The Army Reserve Transformed, 6 December 2009

Groundbreaking ceremony for the new 

USARC/FORSCOM headquarters building at Fort Bragg, 8 December 2008.

The largest Base Realignment and Closure 

transformation project for the Army Reserve 

affected the USARC and the Office, Chief 

Army Reserve (OCAR). OCAR will move 

to Fort Belvoir, Virginia, and the USARC to 

Fort Bragg, North Carolina, by September 

2011. General Stultz and Command 

Sergeant Major Caffie broke ground for the 

new headquarters on 8 December 2008. 

The Fort Bragg building will be shared with 

FORSCOM. Stulz said the two commands “from an operational standpoint . . . 

are linked at the hip. . . .” At the ground breaking ceremony, FORSCOM 

commander General Charles Campbell remarked, “Today is an important 

milestone. We’re making a real and tangible step forward.”47
94

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

1 Read ahead with attachment for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s interview with Military Update, 28 

May 2009.

2 General Peter J. Schoomaker and Dr. Francis Harvey, A Statement on the Posture of 

the United States Army 2005, ii and Ned Bedessem, “Army Organizational Changes-The 

New Modular Army,” in John J. McGrath, editor, An Army At War: Change in the Midst of 

Conflict, The Proceedings of the Combat Studies Institute 2005 Military History Symposium (Fort 

Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2005), 33-35.

3 Stewart, American Military History, Volume II: The United States Army in a Global Era, 1917-

2003, 496-497. 

4 McHugh and Casey, A Statement on the Posture of the United States Army, 2010, 12 and 

McHugh and Casey, A Statement on the Posture of the United States Army, 2011, 8.

5 Col. John Bonin and Lt. Col. Telford Crisco, “The Modular Army,” Military Review, 

March-April 2004, 21.

6 Bedessem, “Army Organizational Changes-The New Modular Army,” in John J. McGrath, 

editor, An Army At War: Change in the Midst of Conflict, The Proceedings of the Combat Studies 

Institute 2005 Military History Symposium, 33, 35. 

7 McHugh and Casey, A Statement on the Posture of the United States Army, 2010, 12. 

8 Kathryn Roe Coker, The 2004/2005 Biannual Army Reserve Historical Summary, 31.

9 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Matthew Miller, ARRC-JAFs, subject: Activities of the USARC JA Force Structure Division Office of the Staff Judge 

Advocate, 18 Jul 08. 

10 Read ahead with attachment for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Interview with Military Update, 28 

May 2009 and Article, Lt. Gen, Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, 

p. 28. 

11 Read ahead/attachment for Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Interview with Military Update, 28 May 

2009 and Article, Lt. Gen, Jack Stultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 28 

and Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz, “Sustain Commitment; Prepare for Unexpected Army 

Reserve reshapes the force to serve Soldiers and the nation better,” http://www.roa.org/site/

PageServer?pagename=0912_USAR. 

12 Army Reserve General Officers Town Hall Meeting with the CAR, 30 Apr 09.

13 Lt. Gen. Jack Stultz’s Remarks to the George Washington Chapter AUSA Luncheon, 15 

Dec 09.

14 Army Reserve General Officers Town Hall Meeting with the CAR, 30 Apr 09. 

15 CAR Remarks at US Army Reserve Bn/Bde Pre-Command Course, 14 Mar 09. 

16 Article, Lt. Gen. Jack Stiultz, “Return on Investment,” The Officer, Dec 08, p. 28.

17 July-December Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, William Hammonds, 

ARRC-FDS, subject: FRAGO 061 (Command and Control of Unassigned Units) to 

OPORD 06-001 (Operation Millennium Transformation), 20 Feb 09.

18 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Chris Scammon, 

ARRC-OPF-MA, subject: Concept Plan for Adding Manpower Requirements to the 

USARC’s Mobilization Table of Distribution and Allowances to Support the Requirements 

for Army Reserve Soldier Readiness Processing Teams, 10 Feb 10.
95

CHAPTER 5 • RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE

19 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Larry Cole, ARRCFDM-B, subject: Increase to 1st Mission Support Command Table of Distribution and 

Allowances to Support Title X Functions, 20 Aug 08; July–December 2008 Semi-Annual 

Historical Report w/attachment, Larry Cole, ARRC-FDM-B, subject: Increase to 1st 

Mission Support Command Table of Distribution and Allowances to Support Title X 

Functions, 2 Feb 09 and Annual Report, Maj. Daniel Torres, 1st Mission Support Command 

2008 Annual Historical Summary, p. 22.

20 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Larry Cole, ARRCFDM-B, subject: CAR Approval of Second TSC, 20 Aug 08 and July-December 2008 

Semi-Annual Historical Report, Larry Cole, ARRC-FDM-B, subject: Sustainment Support 

Command Concept Plan, 2 Feb 09.

21 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Larry Cole, ARRC-FDM-B, 

subject: 377th Theater Sustainment Support Command Mission Support Element Update, 

2 Feb 09; January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment , Larry Cole, 

ARRC-OPF-MB, subject: 377th Support Command Mission Support Element, 12 Aug 

09; FRAGO zzz (Continuing Transition of 377th Theater Support Command (TSC)) to 

OPORD 06-001 [Operation Millennium Transformation], 08, and 377th Theater Sustainment 

Command 2008 Annual Historical Summary.

22 July-December Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Kevin Warrick, ARRCOPF-MC, subject: Establishment of the Sustainment Support Command, 23 Dec 09; JulyDecember 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Lt. Col. Kenneth Pittman, 

DAAR-OPF, subject: Army Reserve Approved TDA Concept Plans, 28 Jan 10 and Email, 

David LeBlanc to Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: 311th ESC, 23 Feb 10. As of 23 February 

2010, the 31th ESC is part of the 377th ESC. With the approval of the 79th SSC concept 

plan the USARC will have to decide on whic1h ESCs will align under the 79th SSC. Since 

they are in the same geographical area, the expectation is that the 311th ESC will align under 

the 79th SSC. 

23 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment , Maj. Kattiria Walker, 

DAAR-FDD, subject: Activation of the Multi-Component 200th Military Police Command, 

26 Aug 09 and Memorandum w/attachments, BG Anne Macdonald to Commander, 200th 

Military Police Command, subject: Reassignment of Units from the 77th, 81st, 94th and 

99th Regional Readiness Command to the 200th Military Police Command, no date.

24 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Maj. Charlota Wells, 

ARRC-FDM-A, subject: Establishment of a Legal Command, 26 Aug 08 and January-June 

2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Chris Scammon, ARRC-OPF-MA, 

subject: Establishment of a Legal Command, 19 Aug 09. 

25 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, William Hammonds, 

ARRC-OPF-S, subject: Legal Command Request to Assume Command and Control of 

Legal Support Organization Units, 31 Jan 10. 

26 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Chris Scammon, 

ARRC-OPF-MA, subject: USATC G-7 Initiative to Establish a Training Command (TC) 

Unit Readiness (UR) to Conduct Army Reserve Collective Training, 10 Feb 10; JulyDecember 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Maj. Marcus Harring, 

ARRC-OPT-T, subject: Establishment of a Training Command Unit Readiness, (UR), 19 

Feb 10 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Gene Shewbert, ARRCOPT-I, subject: Re-establishment of the ARRTC, 19 Feb 10. 
96

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

27 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Lt. Col. William 

Robinson, ARRC-OPT-T, subject: Establishment of the Army Reserve Readiness Training 

Command (Provisional), 19 Feb 10.

28 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Chris Scammon, 

ARRC-OPF-MA, subject: USATC G-7 Initiative to Establish a Training Command (TC) 

Unit Readiness (UR) to Conduct Army Reserve Collective Training, 10 Feb 10; JulyDecember 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Maj. Marcus Harring, 

ARRC-OPT-T, subject: Establishment of a Training Command Unit Readiness, (UR), 19 

Feb 10 and July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Gene Shewbert, ARRCOPT-I, subject: Re-establishment of the ARRTC, 19 Feb 10. The ARRTC is scheuled to 

move from Fort McCoy to Fort Knox no later than October 2012 as part of base realignment 

and closure (BRAC). 

29 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Lt. Col. Allan Fey, 

ARRC-FDM-B, subject: Approval and Publication of Permanent Order of USACAPOC 1st 

Training Brigade CAPO, 18 Aug 08; July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, 

Lt. Col. Allan Fey, ARRC-OPF-MB, subject: Delayed Activation of 1st Training Brigade, 19 

Feb 09 and January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Allan Fey, ARRCOPF-MB, subject: Approval Delay Activation of the 1st Training Brigade, 19 Aug 09. 

30 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, William Hammonds, 

ARRC-FDS, subject: Accelerated Inactivation of 328th and 484th Engineer Detachments, 

29 Jul 08. 

31 Operation Order 09-142 Army Reserve Command and Control (ARC2) Changes and 

Regional Support Group (RSG) Inactivations and Realignments, 22 Jun 09. 

32 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report/attachments, James Carroll, ARRCFDS-D, subject: Permanent Orders, 25 Jul 08.

33 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, William Hammonds, 

ARFP-ARRC-FDS, subject: FRAGO 038 (Redesign, Redesignation and Reassignment of 

the USAR Bands to Operation Order 06-001), 28 Jul 08.

34 Operation Order 09-142 Army Reserve Command and Control (ARC2) Changes and 

Regional Support Group (RSG) Inactivations and Realignments, 22 Jun 09. 

35 Annual Report, John Johnson, 3D Medical Command (Deployment Support) 2008 Annual 

Historical Summary, pp. 3, 8. 

36 Annual Report, 807th Medical Command 2008 Annual Historical Summary and Email, Carl 

Taylor to Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: 2008 Major Subordinate Command Annual History 

Report, 24 Jul 09.

37 Annual Report, Carl Taylor, 807th Medical Command 2008 Annual Historical Summary; 

Annual Report, Army Reserve Medical Command 2008 Historical Summary and telephone call, 

Carl Taylor with Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Transformation, 25 Feb 10. 

38 Annual Report, Army Reserve Medical Command 2008 Historical Summary.

39 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, Chris Scammon, 

ARRC-FDM-A, subject: Implementation of Army Campaign Plan Decision Point 57.1 

Garrison Support Unit Restructure, 17 Feb 09.

40 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Chris Scammon w/attachment 

, ARRC-FDM-A, subject: Separation and Redesignation of the Regional Support Groups 

East and West as Separate Headquarters from Army Reserve Training Support Divisions, 

17 Feb 09.
97

CHAPTER 5 • RESTRUCTURING THE FORCE

41 July-December Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, William Hammonds, 

ARRC-FDS, subject: Reassignment of the 100th Division (IT) to the 80th Training 

Command (TASS), 20 Feb 09.

42 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, William Hammonds, 

ARRC-FDS, subject: Reassignment of 332 Medical Brigade and 5th Medical Group to the 

3d Medical Deployment Support Command, 21 Aug 09.

43 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment, James Carroll, ARRCOPF-SD, subject: Permanent Orders, no date.

44 January-June 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Chris Scammon, 

ARRC-FDM-A, subject: Concept Plan for Combat Support Training Center Program- - 

Transformation of the 78th and 91st Training Support Division Headquarters to Operations 

Groups and Activation of a New Third Operations Group, 26 Aug 08. HHC 78th TSD 

moved from Edison, New Jersey to Fort Dix, New Jersey. HHC 91st TSD moved from 

Camp Parks Reserve Forces Training Area, California, to Fort Hunter-Liggett, California. 

45 July-December Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Kenneth Pittman, DAAR-OPF, 

subject: Army Reserve Approved TDA Concept Plans, 28 Jan 10.

46 Testimony, Statement of General George W. Casey, Jr., Before the House Committee 

on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs and Related 

Agencies, 6 May 2009. 

47 Article, “BRAC: Balancing people and missions,” March 2010, http://www.army.mil/-

news/2009/06/21943-brac-balancing-people-and-missions. 
98

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY
99

Another dimension of an operational ready Army Reserve was financial 

readiness. The Army Reserve comptroller served as the appropriation 

sponsor for the Reserve Personnel, Army (RPA), the Operation and 

Maintenance, Army Reserve (OMAR), and the Military Construction, Army 

Reserve (MCAR) appropriations. 

In late June 2008, the Army Reserve received $304.2 million in RPA and 

$164.8 million in OMAR main supplemental funding. The Army Reserve 

had a successful year-end closeout with obligation rates of 99.9 percent in 

OMAR, 100 percent in RPA, and 73.5 percent in MCAR. 

The OMAR, RPA, and MCAR appropriations became law as part of the 

Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations 

Act of 2009 (P.L. 110-329) on 20 September 2008. The Army Reserve 

appropriations received congressional adjustment of -$17.5 million in RPA 

and $-18.8 million in OMAR and $+0.9 million in MCAR. To start fiscal year 

2009, the Army Reserve received $79.3 million in GWOT supplemental 

bridge funding for OMAR along with base funding in all appropriations. 

The director of Resource Management issued fiscal year 2009 over-guidance 

of $167.7 million during December 2008 to address RPA shortfalls in the 

following programs: incentives, education, special training, annual training 

and inactive duty training. 

Appropriations FY09 PRESBUD FY09 Supplemental Totals

RPA $3,904.3M $284.2M $4,188.5M

OMAR $2,623.5M $194.8M $2,818.3M

MCAR $282.6M N/A $282.6M

Totals $6,810.4M $497.0M $7,289.4M1

CHAPTER

6

FINANCIAL READINESS
100

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

The fiscal year 2010 President’s Budget (PRESBUD) was submitted in May 

2009. The fiscal year 2010 PRESBUD was: 

Appropriation FY10 PRESBUD FY10 Supplemental Totals

RPA $4,336.7 $294.6 $4,631.3

OMAR $2,620.2 $204.3 $2,824.5

MCAR $ 374.9 N/A $ 374.9

Totals $7,331.8 $498.9 $7,830.7

Additional changes may occur based on further congressional marks.

The RPA appropriation in the fiscal year 2010 President’s Budget increased 

10 percent ($432 million) over the fiscal year 2009 budget. The annual 

training and inactive duty training programs increased by $13 million and 

$40 million, respectively. The initial active duty for training increased $65 

million. The recruiting and retention incentives increased $29.5 million 

over fiscal year 2009 to $351 million to fully fund bonuses and incentive 

programs. Additionally, the Active Guard Reserve program increased $131.7 

million to support an end-strength of 16,261 Soldiers. 

The OMAR appropriation in the fiscal year 2010 President’s Budget 

increased 8 percent, ($20 million) above the fiscal year 2009 budget. To 

sustain operations, base operations support experienced program growth 

of $2.3 million from fiscal year 2009. Operational tempo experienced a 

program growth of $10 million. This increase assisted with Army Reserve 

re-balancing efforts to replace the administrative and headquarters structure 

with combat support forces. The fiscal year 2010 budget also supported 

contract reform efforts to reduce time and material contracts and allowed 

for in-sourcing functions previously performed by contractor personnel.2

The MCAR appropriation in the fiscal year 2010 President’s Budget 

increased 33 percent, ($92.3 million) above the fiscal year 2009 budget. In 

fiscal year 2010, the Army Reserve plans to invest $25 million in construction 

of a combined arms collective training facility at Fort McCoy. All Army 

components and military services will jointly use the collective training 

facility services. Additionally, the Army Reserve invested $336.6 million 

in construction of twenty Army Reserve centers in twelve states and the 

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. 
101

CHAPTER 6 • FINANCIAL READINESS

In June 2009, the Army Reserve received supplemental appropriation 

(Public Law 111-32) of $418.2 million for RPA ($281.2 million for overseas 

contingency operations and $137 million for year-of-execution rate changes) 

and $86.7 million for OMAR ($110 million for overseas contingency 

operations less $23.3 million fuel rescission due to reduced fuel prices). 

Additionally, the Army Reserve received $98.3 million for the American 

Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5) that supported 

the start-up of twenty-two additional facilities sustainment, restoration and 

modernization projects.3

The fiscal year 2009 year-end close was successful. Specifically, the RPA 

program of $4,283 million was successfully obligated at 99.3 percent. Major 

programs executed included annual training $407 million, inactive duty 

training $770 million, schools $189 million, special training $308 million, 

Active Guard Reserve program $1,624 million, incentives $321 million, and 

education $118 million. 

The OMAR program of $2,796 million also closed at an obligation rate of 

98.9 percent. Major programs executed included operational tempo $1,271 

million, base operations $565 million, SRM $252 million, depot maintenance 

$95 million, and recruiting/advertising $55 million. 

The MCAR, a five year appropriation, closed fiscal year 2005 at an obligation 

rate of 100 percent. The remaining years (fiscal year 2006 through fiscal year 

2008) of unexpired funds vital for planning and design, minor construction 

and major construction projects were on track for complete obligation. 

The fiscal year 2010 MCAR appropriation became law as part of the 

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 (Public Law 111-117) on 16 

December 2009 and the RPA and OMAR appropriations became law as part 

of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010 (Public Law 110-

118) on 19 December 2009. Congress adjusted the initial budget request as 

follows: RPA decreased $31.9 million; OMAR decreased $6.0 million and 

MCAR increased $56.7 million. The Army Reserve also received overseas 

contingency operations funding as a part of the appropriation. The table 

below reflects the adjusted fiscal year 2010 BASE and overseas contingency 

operations funding: 
102

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Appropriation FY10 BASE FY10 Overseas 

Contingency Operations Total

RPA $4,304.7M $293.1M $4,597.8M

OMAR $2,614.2M $204.3M $2,818.5M

MCAR $431.6M N/A $431.6M

NGRE N/A $85.0M $85.0M

Total: $7,350.5M $582.4M $7,932.9M

On 30 November 2009, President Obama announced a 30,000 troop surge 

to Afghanistan. The Army Reserve received a tasking to contribute an 

additional 3,000 Soldiers in support of the Afghanistan surge. The Army 

Reserve requested an additional $22.2 million in RPA and $67.4 million in 

OMAR for the Afghanistan surge in a fiscal year 2010 supplemental request.

The Comptroller submitted the fiscal year 2110 budget estimate 

submission to the Office of the Secretary of Defense in September 2009. 

It also identified current year (fiscal year 2010) budget allotments for each 

appropriation coupled with manpower and actual fiscal year 2009 execution 

data for comparison and/or tracking mission trends. As a result of the Office 

of the Secretary of Defense fiscal year 2010 budget reviews, the resource 

management decisions minimally affected Army Reserve budget estimate 

submission. The table below reflects the fiscal year 2011 BASE and OCO 

budget requests for RPA, OMAR, and MCAR that includes the additional 

funding for the Afghanistan surge: 

Appropriation FY11 BASE FY11 Overseas 

Contingency Operations Total

RPA $4,397.1M $268.0M $4,665.1M

OMAR $ 2,879.1M $286.9M $3,166.0M

MCAR $318.2M N/A $318.2M

Total: $7,594.4M $554.9M $8,149.3M4
103

CHAPTER 6 • FINANCIAL READINESS

1 July-December 2008 Semi-Annual Historical Report, Lt. Col. Mark Young, Laila 

Hemdan and Lt. Col. Michael Madden, DAAR-RMC, subject: Resource Management, 24 

Feb 09.

2 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment , Hemdan, Barnes, Lt. 

Col. Freeman, MAJ Kissell and Denise Smith, subject: Resource Management, 21 Aug 09.

3 January-June 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachment , Hemdan, Barnes, Lt. 

Col. Freeman, MAJ Kissell and Denise Smith, subject: Resource Management, 21 Aug 09.

4 July-December 2009 Semi-Annual Historical Report w/attachments, Lt. Col. Beckles, 

Hemdan, and Denise Smith, DAAR-RMC, subject: Comptroller-Budget Execution 

Formulation, 26 Feb 2010.

105

Both 2008 and 2009 were kinetic years for the subordinate 

commands as the Army Reserve transformed from a strategic to 

an operational reserve. Profiled here are five of those commands. 

The 311th Expeditionary Sustainment Command 

commanded and controlled the following units 

and their subordinate battalions and companies: 

304th Sustainment Brigade, 326th Finance 

Management Center, 652nd Regional Support 

Group, 653rd Regional Support Group, 

654th Regional Support Group, and the 96th 

Sustainment Brigade. 

In 2008, the command continued its reorganization as an 

expeditionary sustainment command even as it planned, prepared, 

mobilized, and deployed to Kuwait in support of Operation 

IRAQI FREEDOM. The intent to eventually move under 

the command and control of the 377th Theater Sustainment 

Command has been changed to move under the command and 

control of a new Senior Sustainment Command headquarters 

(as discussed in chapter five). The Mission Support Element of 

the 311th remained in place to continue normal command and 

control functions in the rear continental United States while the 

311th headquarters deployed to assume its wartime mission. The 

311th headquarters departed home station on 15 March 2008 for 

its tour of duty and stayed deployed for the remainder of the year. 

The primary focus for the rear element was to build command 

and control processes to effectively command and control units 

from the ten western states. These units completed transfer to the 

311th Expeditionary Sustainment Command on 1 October 2007 

from the 63rd, 70th, and 96th Regional Readiness Commands. 

311the Expeditionary 

Sustainment Command

CHAPTER

7

SELECTED SUBORDINATE COMMAND OPERATIONS
106

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

In 2008, the command had ninety-two assigned units. Over 2008, four units 

were activated, three were inactivated, and fourteen underwent significant 

conversions. Also during 2008, the 311th Expeditionary Sustainment 

Command-Rear element mobilized ten units for a total of 904 Soldiers. 

The command continued to gain strength starting with 5,700 assigned 

personnel. It ended the year with 6,996 assigned personnel. The year ended 

with a more effective headquarters with transformation starting to evolve 

into sustainment. During the year, the 311th Expeditionary Sustainment 

Command executed its mission to deploy while continuing to command and 

control in the rear, simultaneously. The command believed it succeeded in 

meeting every challenge.1

Staff Sergeant Randall Slaughter and Staff 

Sergeant Marion Lopez with the 311th Expeditionary Sustainment Command plot points 

on a map.

78th Division (Training 

Support)

In 2008, the 78th Division (Training Support), 

experienced significant transition. As the unit 

prepared for Patriot Warrior 2008, it also 

transformed into what is now the 78th Training 

Brigade (Operations). Its mission was to: provide 

realistic combat support/combat service support 

and combined arms training focused on 

developing leaders and units for combatant 

commanders; plan, coordinate, and execute premobilization collective training for reserve 

component units up through brigade level, 

preparing to move from the ARFORGEN reset/

train pool into the ready pool and provide 

feedback to improve the force and prepare it for 

success on any future joint battlefield. 

The brigade’s major functional responsibilities were articulated through its 

mission essential task list: field observer/controller teams qualified in the 

doctrinal conduct of battalion and brigade combat support, and combat 

service support operations; formulate, coordinate, and disseminate tactical 
107

CHAPTER 7 • SELECTED SUBORDINATE COMMAND OPERATIONS

scenarios for unit execution; provide battle planning, preparation, and 

execution feedback to the training unit; provide feedback and instruction 

to the Army Reserve on doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures; and 

modernize its organization and procedures to accommodate the change 

towards a continental United States-based power projection Army.

No longer having units subordinate to this command, the unit headquarters 

will be relocating to Fort Dix, New Jersey, no later than the end of the first 

quarter fiscal year 2010. By mid year, the 78th Training Brigade (Operations) 

was fully engaged in exercise Patriot Warrior 2008. Following a successful 

exercise, the brigade received a final approved table of distribution and 

allowance and began consolidation, reorganization, and restructuring in 

order to fully prepare itself for future mission readiness. As the brigade 

entered the last quarter of 2008, it was given a second mission for fiscal 

year 2009. The 78th would now plan, coordinate, and execute a warrior 

exercise while simultaneously orchestrating a combat support training 

center in the summer of 2009. By the end of the year, the primary focus 

was on upcoming challenges on how to continue to maintain command and 

control while catering to two separate exercises. With Patriot Warrior 2009 

and the combat support training center proof of principle midway through 

their respective planning cycles, the brigade branched off into two separate 

entities in order to handle the new demand. 

The 78th Division accepted the challenge to re-organize from a division 

(training support) to a training brigade (operations). It did so with the 

accompanying myriad of details in all functional staff areas. Not only did 

the division accomplish this, it did so “in-stride” with no break in operations 

and no “stand down” period. The newly designated training brigade and its 

members executed a steep learning curve particularly in exercise management 

and execution issues.2

70th Regional 

Readiness 

Another command, the 70th Regional Readiness 

Command, concentrated in 2008 on its mission 

to support the Global War on Terrorism and the 

transformation mission in accordance with Base 

Realignment and Closure guidance. While always 

remaining focused on its ongoing mission to train 

Soldiers to Army standards for mobilization, the 

command also successfully undertook the 

challenges of the Army Reserve transition 
108

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

mission. Through a teamwork approach to each mission, the 70th Regional 

Readiness Command simultaneously prepared for disestablishment of the 

command effective 1 July 2009 and managed the Base Realignment and 

Closure process. Through detailed joint planning with the 88th Regional 

Support Command and multiple operational and functional commands, all 

remaining units were handed off to successor commands and all base 

operations support functions were coordinated for battle hand-off to the 

88th Regional Support Command. The command professionally and 

proficiently executed this full spectrum of activities within the context of a 

rapidly changing Army Reserve command structure. This complex transition 

has created, and continues to create, new structures for the support of 

Soldiers, their families and units across the range of engagement. It has also 

caused this command to align itself for success and embrace smart and 

efficient processes in response to, and in anticipation of, such emerging 

changes. 

The 70th Regional Readiness Command remained focused on the Global 

War on Terrorism while simultaneously preparing to disestablish. The 

command received the mission of standing up a new sustainment command 

in the Pacific Northwest and set about the tasks involved in building and 

supporting the 364th Expeditionary Sustainment Command using Soldiers 

and equipment from deactivated units, as well as Soldiers from its own ranks 

to fill the new provisional unit. The 70th Regional Readiness Command 

also performed its traditional mission of training and supporting Soldiers 

for deployment by mobilizing 127 of its own Soldiers and hosting Soldiers 

from several other commands to augment the 3rd Sustainment Command 

(Expeditionary) in April of 2008.3

99th Regional Support 

Command

Another command marked by transformation in 

2009 was the 99th Regional Support Command. 

The 99th provides base operations support to all 

Army Reserve Soldiers, civilians, units, facilities 

and equipment in the Northeast region of the 

United States. The specific services performed 

are towards the management of human resources, 

logistics, finance, facilities, equipment 

maintenance, information technology, and wellbeing functions typically provided by Army 

installations. The regional support command exercises command and 

control over five Army Reserve bands that are stationed throughout the 
109

CHAPTER 7 • SELECTED SUBORDINATE COMMAND OPERATIONS

thirteen states of the Northeast region. 

The 99th Regional Support Command entered calendar year 2009 with the 

goal of finalizing the transformation from the regional readiness command 

structure and achieving 100 percent operational capability in its first year of 

existence. The command faced numerous challenges in meeting this goal: 

establishing base operations support relationships with organizational and 

functional U.S. Army Reserve commands in the thirteen-state Northeast 

region; transition of base operations support functions from legacy regional 

readiness command sites; physical relocation of the Regional Support 

Command from temporary facilities on Fort Dix, New Jersey; hiring 

personnel for open positions on the Regional Support Command’s table of 

distribution and allowances; and establishing relationships with the Army 

Support Activity-Dix and the new Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst 

command structure. The 99th Regional Support Command met each 

challenge under the guidance of the commander’s vision statement.

In 2009, the 99th Regional Support Command completed the third and 

final phase of the Army Reserve Northeast region transformation process 

which began in 2007. Phase I, “C2 Release,” began upon release of the 

99th Regional Readiness Command Operations Order Checkmate Forward 

and directed the transfer of subordinate units from the regional readiness 

command to the operational and functional commands. Phase II, “BASOPS 

[base operations support] Consolidation,” started 1 October 2007. It 

prescribed the consolidation of the 77th and 94th Regional Readiness 

Commands’ base operations management into the 99th Regional Readiness 

Command. Personnel from the New York-New Jersey and New England 

area remained in place and were integrated into the 99th Regional Readiness 

Command as they continued daily operations. Phase III, “BASOPS [base 

operation support] Transfer,” began on 1 October 2008: the first fiscal year 

start after the 99th Regional Support Command was officially stood up on 

26 September 2008. During this final phase, responsibility for base operation 

support in the Northeast transferred from the 99th Regional Readiness 

Command to the 99th Regional Support Command.

The challenges which have impacted all three legacy regional readiness 

command sites and the newly established regional support command 

headquarters included: personnel turbulence from voluntary and involuntary 

reassignments, transfers of functions from traditional staff to directorate 

structure and from Coraopolis to Fort Dix, and certain fiscal constraints. 
110

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Critical regional support command staff sections set up shop in a temporary 

location on Fort Dix during the summer and fall of 2008. The Directorate 

of Human Resources transitioned from a traditional G-1 section to focus 

on civilian hiring actions to fill the regional support command’s table of 

distribution and allowances positions. No longer functioning in a direct 

command and control role, the Directorate of Human Resources moved to 

establish a customer support relationship role with more than 50,000 Soldiers 

in 439 direct reporting units under forty-five senior leadership commands 

(thirty colonel, thirteen brigadier general, and two major general).

Upon the transition of base operation support responsibility, the 99th 

Regional Support Command Directorate of Public Works took on the 

mission as real property manager of Army Reserve facilities along with 

coordinating all Army Reserve construction projects in the thirteen-state 

Northeast region. By the end of 2009, the 99th Regional Support Command 

owned or managed over 350 facilities, totaling 10.5 million square feet. 

These facilities include: 299 United States Army reserve centers and armed 

forces reserve centers, twenty-five area maintenance support activities, five 

operational maintenance shops, four local training areas, eight equipment 

concentration sites, three airfield support facilities, one branch maintenance 

activity and a wharf. The 99th Regional Support Command additionally 

leases sixteen facilities. 

As directed by Base Realignment and Closure 2005, the Directorate of 

Public Works planned and coordinated additional BRAC-related facility 

actions to include new construction and disposal of properties throughout 

the region. During 2009, facility projects were completed at locations such 

as Fort Detrick, Maryland, and Rochester and New Windsor, New York. 

Occupation of the new 99th Regional Support Command headquarters 

facility on Fort Dix began on 4 January 2009 with the official ribbon cutting 

held on 28 February.

The Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, published environmental 

condition of property reports governing disposal actions. These reports 

were distributed to the various state departments environmental protection 

agencies and to local land reuse authorities. Subsequent site inspections by 

state environmental regulators determined if reported contamination levels 

were low enough to permit transfer or if remediation was necessary. A list 

of properties requiring cleanup was submitted to BRAC for prioritization 

and future funding. Currently, some of these facilities remain in use until 
111

CHAPTER 7 • SELECTED SUBORDINATE COMMAND OPERATIONS

replacements are built, while others have been placed in a caretaker status. 

Actual disposal was anticipated to occur between 2010 and 2011.

The Directorate of Logistics transitioned its role from a traditional G-4 

and expanded responsibilities to include supporting the personnel and 

work orders in the maintenance and equipment support facilities. The new 

Directorate of Information Management Operations established customer 

technical support functions throughout the region. The Plans, Analysis 

and Integration Office took responsibility for force structure and stationing 

actions. With inactivation and activation of units slowing, the Plans, Analysis 

and Integration Office switched focus to processing stationing packets for 

BRAC relocation of operational and functional units throughout the region. 

A critical change in 99th Regional Support Command responsibility occurred 

with the transition of the G-3 to a Directorate of Plans and Training, focusing 

less on operations and unit taskings in a command and control environment 

and more on Soldier training support. A Soldier Readiness Processing Team 

provided operational battle rhythm, insuring supported unit and Soldier 

pre-mobilization preparedness throughout the region. 

The Directorate of Resource Management and the Office of Internal Review 

and Audit Compliance established operations and maintained functional 

capability throughout transition. Each of these directorates ensured fiscal 

and regulatory compliance during the physical relocation of the command 

and the transfer of responsibilities from the legacy regional readiness 

commands. Both the Directorate of Resource Management and the Office 

of Internal Review and Audit Compliance exceeded the USARC reporting 

standards and were recognized for their success during this, their first year 

of operations.

The Chaplain’s Office continued to support Soldiers returning from 

deployment during Yellow Ribbon events. Strong Bonds couples and singles 

regional events were well-received and attended throughout 2009.

The 99th Regional Support Command remained committed to public 

outreach and community support. In February, the command officially 

recognized its new home on Fort Dix while in April it bade farewell to the 

Pittsburgh area. The commanding general maintained a key relationship 

with the World War II veterans of the 99th Infantry Division Association, 

attending the 60th reunion in July. Public Affairs planned and supported 
112

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

United States Army Reserve Center memorializations, ground breakings 

and ribbon cuttings, along with community Memorial and Veterans Day 

observances, and various civic programs.

The Inspector General, Staff Judge Advocate, Surgeon, and Safety Offices 

also ensured timely transition of records and responsibilities for seamless 

continuity of service during the transition. The 99th Regional Support 

Command directorates and their counterparts in the legacy regional 

readiness commands pooled resources to successfully accomplish the final 

phase. 

All directorates came together to form an operational and strategy planning 

board to aid the command in developing a vision statement in conjunction 

with agreed upon common levels of support. As a “virtual garrison,” the 

99th Regional Support Command sought out new paradigms and tools to 

measure its successes. Directorates contributed knowledge to develop an 

operational plan and begin an Army Communities of Excellence submission 

packet. The command also came on-line with installation status reportservices and the interactive customer evaluation training. This commitment 

to mission resulted in the 99th Regional Support Command reaching full 

operational capability in its new headquarters on Fort Dix well before its 

first anniversary in September 2009.4

412th Theater 

Engineer command

Another command experiencing transformation 

was the 412th Theater Engineer Command. 

Throughout the year, the command mobilized 

units, demobilized units, and supported units 

during their mobilization in support of the War 

on Terror on a global scale. During 2009, the 

412th maintained between 201,000 mobilized 

Soldiers on active duty. The urgency of some 

missions required immediate responses which led 

to several periods of stress on the organization, 

but the professionalism of the Soldiers and 

civilians assigned to the command allowed the 

412th to respond to problems and implement 

solutions.

In addition to directly supporting the War on Terror, the 412th continued to 
113

CHAPTER 7 • SELECTED SUBORDINATE COMMAND OPERATIONS

perform key roles in essential large-scale training exercises and contingency 

planning. In May and June 2009, the 412th was directly responsible for 

successfully conducting Operation SAND CASTLE exercise at the National 

Training Center. In July, the 412th conducted the River Assault exercise at 

Fort Chaffee, Arkansas. The Korean Forward exercise was especially busy 

this past year, providing the engineer annex to the Korean War plans. The 

412th helped finalize the war plans during the Key Resolve and Ulchi 

Freedom Guardian exercises. 

A 412th Theater Engineer Command Soldier plots his points on a map at the 412th Best Warrior 

Competition at Camp Smith, New York, April 13, 2009

The 412th continues staff coordination with the United States Army Corps 

of Engineers in support of planning for future contingency operations and 

is preparing cooperative training events designed to ensure the seamless 

integration of each element in the other’s operations and contingency 

responses. 

On 23 March 2009, the 412th Engineer Command received permanent orders. 

Those orders reorganized and re-designated the 412th Engineer Command 

as the 412th Theater Engineer Command. The effective date of this action 

was 16 October 2009. To that end, the 412th Theater Engineer Command 

continues shaping operations, developing combat power and setting conditions 
114

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

for systems linkage, enabling 12,000 Soldiers and three brigades connectivity 

in all applicable personnel, logistic and operational systems. 

 The 412th Theater Engineer Command provided outstanding service in 

support of the Global War on Terrorism, the Army’s transformation to 

modularity, and the Army Reserve Command. The unit acted as one of the 

first operational commands in the Army Reserve and assumed command and 

control of three subordinate brigades while simultaneously supporting five 

unit mobilizations in support of the Global War on Terrorism. Additionally, 

the unit executed a total transformation of all assigned engineer units to a 

new modular force structure. 

The 412th Theater Engineer Command and its subordinate brigades, 

the 302d Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, the 411th Engineer Brigade, 

and the 926th Engineer Brigade, each answered the call to fill individual 

mobilization requirements. These requirements added up to ninety-two 

additional Soldiers deployed worldwide, bringing the total number of 

412th Theater Engineer Command personnel directly supporting overseas 

contingency operations to 710. Eighteen other units are completing the 

final stages of the ARFORGEN process. Of these eighteen units, nine have 

received mobilization orders, six have received alert notification orders, and 

three remain on the deployment expeditionary force list, awaiting further 

guidance. 

The 926th Engineer Brigade was responsible for all coalition force combat 

and construction-effects engineering in Baghdad and was under the 

command of Multi-National Division - Baghdad while in Iraq. The brigade’s 

mission safely cleared about a million miles of road networks in Iraq and 

removed 2,500 weapons from the streets of Iraq and was instrumental in 

rebuilding the country’s infrastructure. 

The year was a year of transition and training for the 302d Maneuver 

Enhancement Brigade. The unit changed senior leadership and trained 

extensively with the Maneuver Support Center at Fort Leonard Wood, 

Missouri, while simultaneously conducting its first collective training 

exercise in Patriot Warrior. The 302d Maneuver Enhancement Brigade also 

had 30 percent of its chemical battalion leadership deployed to Iraq for a 

civil affairs mission and supported the 412th Theater Engineer Command’s 

deployable command post with the deputy commander, Colonel Stephen 

P. Schultz. The 344th Military Police Company was deployed during the 
115

CHAPTER 7 • SELECTED SUBORDINATE COMMAND OPERATIONS

year and returned, as well. Brigade commander, Colonel Timothy Waters, 

deployed to Afghanistan in support of Combined Joint Task Force 82 of the 

82nd Airborne Division and was assigned to Torkham Gate on the Pakistan 

Border.

Combat Engineers from the 492nd Engineer Company from Mankato, Minnesota, use a crane to lift 

metal sheeting into place as they construct metal Quonset Huts at Forward Operating Base Miami on 

July 14th as part of Operation SAND CASTLE 2009. (Sergeant Brent Powell)

The year also was one of continuing challenges for the command’s 411th 

Engineer Brigade. The 411th remained engaged in the Global War on 

Terrorism. Throughout the year, the 411th continued to train its Soldiers, 

conduct exercises, plan for contingencies, and maintain strong community 

and family ties while preparing for a possible deployment. In addition to 

direct support of the Global War on Terrorism, the 411th continued to 

perform key roles in essential large-scale training exercises and contingency 

planning, with special emphasis on SAND CASTLE at the National Training 

Center. During June and July, the fifth annual Operation SAND CASTLE 

exercise exceeded all its objectives. Operation SAND CASTLE remains 

fully synchronized with First Army and the National Training Center. The 

secondary mission of the 411th at Operation SAND CASTLE was to build 

infrastructure for the Fort Irwin training site. The 411th, together with the 

3/3 Brigade combat Team, marked the first time in National Training Center 

history when two full brigades were exercising, simultaneously. This created 

logistical challenges which the 411th met with a high degree of motivation 
116

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

and success. Seventeen Solders from the brigade’s 316th Engineer Company 

mobilized on 11 April for Iraq. The year 2009 was a challenging one for 

the command. The 411th Engineer Brigade, however, was able to meet all 

demands and now looks to the future to continue its tradition of success.5

Sergeant First Class Jason Junot of the 412 Theater Engineer Command commands his M113 personnel carrier at River Assault 2009.
117

CHAPTER 7 • SELECTED SUBORDINATE COMMAND OPERATIONS

Constructing a Ribbon Bridge over a vast waterway, Task Force 844 demonstrates multi-functional capability as a construction asset. Currently, Task Force 844, an Army Reserve unit, headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee, is mobilized and based in Baghdad, Iraq. The battalion is composed of eight diverse 

units, which total above 900 Soldiers and Airmen from across 38 states within the United States. As 

the Theater Engineer Construction Battalion, the 844th contains invaluable skill sets, such as plumbing, 

carpentry, electrical, transportation operations, heavy equipment operation, and surveying. The battalion 

has constructed well over 150 projects across 12 of the 18 provinces of Iraq since their arrival in theater 

in June of 2009.

Soldiers from the 368th Engineer Battalion conducted their annual extended combat training exercise 

in support of Patriot Warrior at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, 7 August through 29 August 2009. For twentytwo days, the engineers conducted different exercises based on the military occupational specialty while 

living on a contingency operations location. They lived like they were deployed overseas. The battalion 

made the experience as real as possible by implementing real word procedures such as body armor and 

Kevlar at all times and mandatory convoy manifests. The training consisted of demolition, construction 

of roads and a retention pond, building a mock village along a convoy route and to wrap it all up there 

was a three day field training exercise for all the Soldiers. 
118

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

1 Report, Col. Martin Spann, 311th ESC 2008 Annual Historical Summary, 09. 

2 Report, Albert Porto, 78th Training Brigade (Operations) 2008 Annual Historical Summary, 

2009. 

3 Report, John McSweeney, 70th Regional Readiness Command 2008 Historical Summary, 

2009. 

4 Report, Stephen Harlan, 99th Regional Support Command 2009 Annual Historical Summary, 

Apr 2010.

5 Report, Maj. Major Jesse Stalder, 412th Theater Engineer Command 2009 Annual Historical 

Summary, Mar 2010. 
“Secure LZ” 

Sergeant First Class Darrold Peters 

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
“U.S./Afghan Convoy” 

Master Sergeant Martin J. Cervantez 

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
121

ROSTER OF HISTORICAL

LIAISON OFFICERS

APPENDIX

A
122

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

U.S. Army Reserve South

Army Reserve Careers Division MAJ Jose Feliciano

Mr. Charles Woodson

Augmentation Unit MAJ Brian Despain

Aviation LTC Samuel Driver

Business Transformation Office MAJ Edward Sanders

Mr. Vernon Shaw

Chaplain Ms. Annetta Billingsley

Chaplain (LTC) Robert Pleczkowski 

Command Group Mr. John Ford 

Equal Opportunity LTC Easter Sharpe 

Family Programs

Mr. Travis Bartholomew

MAJ Glenn Damon 

Mr. Stephen Michaelt

Force Management Mr. Bill Hammonds

Full Time Support

MSG Lillian Camacho

MAJ Nancy Davis 

MSG Priscillia George

G-1 Ms. Shirley Brooks 

Ms. La Wanda McClean 

G2/6 Ms. Kathy Collar 

G-4 Ms. Carolyn Terrell

G-8 Ms. Linda Thompson

Ms. Sis Akins

G-33 LTC Danny Clark

G-37

LTC Robin Williams 

Mr. Carl Matthews

Ms. Katherin deLeon

Army Reserve History Dr. Lee S. Harford, Jr.

Homeland Defense LTC George Kranske

Inspector General Ms. Zina Moore

Internal Review & Management Control Ms. Ada Campbell 

Ms. Candice Gate

Military Equal Opportunity Office Mr. Billy Morales

Provost Marshall MAJ Mark Woommavovah 

Major Albert F. Yonkovitz, Jr.
123

APPENDIX A • ROSTER OF HISTORICAL LIAISON OFFICERS

G3/5/7 Resource Management Mr. Carl Matthews

Ms. Earlene Bannister

Public Affairs Office MAJ Hillary Luton 

LTC Veronica Brown

Safety Office Ms. Erewa James

Staff Judge Advocate Ms. Annette Fears

Ms. Angela Andrews

Surgeon’s Office MAJ Sheila Murphy 

Transformation Integration Office Mr. Charles King

Warrior and Family Assistance Center MAJ Glenn Damon 

Ms. Lisa Yanity 

U.S. Army Reserve North 

Army Reserve Communications Mr. Tyrell Heaton

Family Programs Mr. Travis Bartholomew

Force Integrator/Force Programs LTC Michael Karabasz

Full Time Support LTC Janice Arrowsmith

G33 Forward Mr. Donald Lewy

G-3 Mr. Peter Combs

G-5 LTC William Story

Legislative Army Reserve Communications Ms. Elinda Lee

Resource Management Directorate 

Comptroller Division

LTC Doris Wilson 

Ms Denise Smith

Strategic Integration LTC Gary Mann

Senior Leader Development Office LTC Charles Meadows

Strategic Communications Ms. Lwanda Johnson

Selected Subordinate Commands

311th Expeditionary Sustainment 

Command COL Martin Spann

78th Division (Training Support) Mr. Albert Porto

70th Regional Readiness Command Mr. John McSweeney

99th Regional Support Command Mr. Stephen Harlan

412th Engineer Command MAJ Jesse Stalder

125

COMMAND GROUP

APPENDIX

B
126

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Command Group

Chief, Army Reserve/Commanding 

General 

U.S. Army Reserve Command

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr.

25 May 2006-31 December 2009

Deputy Chief, Army Reserve

Brigadier General Julia A. Kraus

4 September 2007 – 7 July 2009

Brigadier General Leslie A. Purser

8 July 2009-31 December 2009

Deputy Commanding General

U.S. Army Reserve Command 

Major General Alan D. Bell

21 August 2006-30 June 2009

Major General James R. Sholar

1 July 2009-31 December 2009

Assistant Chief, Army Reserve

Mr. James L. Snyder

27 September 2009-31 December 

2009

Deputy Chief, Army Reserve 

(Individual Mobilization 

Augmentee) 

Major General Mari K. Eder

1 October 2007-31 May 2009

Vacant

1 June 2009-31 December 2009

Chief of Staff

U. S. Army Reserve Command

Brigadier General Anne Macdonald

21 September 2007-9 March 2009

Colonel Charles E. Phillips

10 March 2009-31 August 2009

Brigadier General Jon J. Miller

1 September 2009-31 December 2009

Chief Executive Officer Mr. Kenneth N. Williamson

16 August 1998- 31 December 2009

Command Sergeant Major 

Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie

18 August 2006-18 November 2009

Vacant

19 November 2009-31 December 2009

Command Chief Warrant Officer

CW5 James E. Thompson

10 September 2007-31 December 

2009
127

APPENDIX B • COMMAND GROUP

Staff Sergeant Diana Carter, an Army Reserve Soldier from Jonesboro, Arkansas, explains the process 

of medical supply stock control to Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr., Army Reserve commanding 

general, and Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie, Army Reserve command sergeant major, at Camp 

As Sayliyah, Qatar, 25 November 2008. Carter deployed to Qatar last summer with the 427th Medical 

Logistics Battalion, an Army Reserve unit from Fort Gillem, Georgia. “I was excited,” said Carter after 

meeting the senior leadership. “”I had never met a three-star general before!” (Dustin Senger)

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr., Army Reserve commanding general, is escorted by Captain 

Christopher Spencer, from New Braunfels, Texas, through the U.S. Central Command rest and 

recuperation pass program facilities at Camp As Sayliyah, Qatar, 25 November 2008. Stultz was 

touring U.S. military installations in Southwest Asia in an effort to demonstrate support for deployed 

Soldiers during a holiday season away from home. (Dustin Senger)
128

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr., Army Reserve commanding general, meets Sergeant Bill 

Belanger, an Army Reserve Soldier from Kennesaw, Georgia, at Camp As Sayliyah, Qatar, 25 November 

2008. Belanger was busy repairing an infusion pump, equipment needed to deliver intravenous 

medication for U.S. Central Command troops receiving emergency medical care in contingency 

areas. He explained how the skills developed during six years in the Army Reserve resulted in greater 

opportunities in civilian life. Belanger deployed to Qatar last summer with the 427th Medical Logistics 

Battalion, an Army Reserve unit from Fort Gillem, Georgia. Stultz was touring U.S. military installations 

in Southwest Asia, an effort to demonstrate support for deployed Soldiers during a holiday season away 

from home. (Dustin Senger)
129

APPENDIX B • COMMAND GROUP

Lieutenant Jack C. Stultz. Jr., commander Army Reserve, speaks to the Army Reserve Soldiers who 

re-enlisted at the 100th anniversary of the Army Reserve during a mass re-enlistment ceremony held 

at Al-Faw Palace, Camp Victory, Iraq, 0n 18 January 2008. Stultz commended the troops, stating that 

never before had there been a broader, more educated and battle-hardened group of reserve Soldiers. 

His sentiments were reemphasized in remarks made by Army General David Petraeus, commander 

Multi-National Force - Iraq. (U.S. Army photo/Sgt. Abel Trevino)
130

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Staff Sergeant Jacqueline L. Hunt poses with Major General David A. Morris, commanding general 

of the U.S. Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command (Airborne), and Major General 

Alan D. Bell, deputy commander of the U.S. Army Reserve Command, after Hunt was awarded the 

Department of Defense Soldier’s Medal. She is assigned to the 490th Civil Affairs Battalion in Abilene, 

Texas, a unit under the U.S. Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command (Airborne). The 

award is the seventh highest medal awarded to U.S. military Soldiers, and is given in recognition of 

heroism not involving actual conflict with an enemy. (Staff Sergeant Sharilyn Wells)

“We as American Soldiers are 

the most respected institution in 

America,” said Major General Alan 

D. Bell, the deputy commanding 

general of the U.S. Army Reserve 

Command, to troops of the 311th 

Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) – headquartered in Los Angeles 

– in Kuwait, 18 November 2008. 

Among other topics, he discussed 

the transformation and operational 

structure of the Army Reserve as a 

whole. Before opening the floor to 

questions, Bell encouraged leaders 

to continue to talk to junior Soldiers 

about staying morally and physically strong. (Staff Sergeant William 

Watson Martin)
131

APPENDIX B • COMMAND GROUP

Command Sergeant Major Leon E. Caffie, the senior enlisted Soldier of the U.S. Army Reserve, 

toured Kandahar Airfield to view Soldiers’ living conditions with Command Sergeant Major Michael D. 

Schultz, Joint Sustainment Command-Afghanistan senior enlisted, Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan, 4 

June 2009. (Courtesy photograph, Defense Visual Information Distribution System) .

Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie, Army Reserve command sergeant major, meets deployed 

Army Reserve Soldiers at Camp As Sayliyah, Qatar, 25 November 2008. Caffie, well known for his 

dynamic enthusiasm, presented a motivational speech highlighting the important of military service 

and leadership responsibility. (Dustin Senger)

133

CAUSALITY REPORT

APPENDIX

C
134

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Army Reserve Causality Report by Name (Deaths and Missing-Captured) 

OEF/OIF As of 10 February 2010

Date of Death Location of 

Death Rank Name Unit

13-Nov-09 Wardak 

Afghanistan SPC Christopher J. Coffland

Co. C, 321 MI Bn, Round Rock, TX 

MIRC, 

02-10-09 Murcheh, 

Afghanistan PFC Alan H. Newton, Jr. USACAPOC, 360th CA CMD, 422d CA Bn, Greensboro, NC

02-10-09 Murcheh, 

Afghanistan CPT Benjamin Sklaver USACAPOC, 360th CA CMD, 422d CA Bn, Greensboro, NC

01-10-09 Baghdad, Iraq SPC Paul Andersen 377th TSC, 855th QM Co

26-May-09 Parwan, 

Afghanistan 1SG Blue C. Rowe USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD Ft. Bragg, NC

21-May-09 Baghdad, Iraq MAJ Jason E. George HRC - St. Louis

24-Feb-09 Kandahar, 

Afghanistan CPT Brian M. Bunting HRC - St. Louis

24-Feb-09 Kandahar, 

Afghanistan SGT Daniel J. Thompson HRC - St. Louis

25-Dec-08 Mosul, Iraq MAJ John P. Pryor HRC - St. Louis/3d MDSC, 1st Med 

Det FWD Surg Tm, Ft. Totten, NY

16-Oct-08 FOB Boris, 

Afghanistan SGT Federico G. Borjas USACAPOC, 416th CA Bn, San Diego, CA

28-Aug-08 Baghdad, Iraq SPC Michael L. Gonzalez 77th RRC, 340th MP Co, 

Fort Totten, NY

24-Jun-08

Baghdad, Iraq 

(after injuries 

from Sadr City, 

Iraq)

MAJ Dwayne M. Kelley USACAPOC, 432d CA Bn, 

Green Bay, WI

03-Jun-08 Zormat, 

Afghanistan MAJ Scott A. Hagerty USACAPOC, 451st CA Bn, Det 4, 

Pasadena, TX

06-Apr-08 Baghdad, Iraq MAJ Stuart A. Wolfer 84 CMD, 104th Regt, 11th Bn, 

Boise, ID 

06-Apr-08 Baghdad, Iraq COL Stephen K. Scott HRC - St. Louis

21-Mar-08 North of Abu 

Ghurayb, Iraq SSG Keith M. Maupin 88 RRC, 724th TC Co, 

Bartonville, IL

12-Mar-08 Talill, Iraq SPC Dustin C. Jackson 89 RRC, 103d ESC, 350th AG Co, 

Grand Prairie, TX

28-Nov-07 Baghdad, Iraq SFC John J. Tobiason 377 TSC, 847th AG Bn, 

Fort Snelling, MN

10-Oct-07 Baghdad, Iraq SSG Lillian L. Clamens 143 ESC, 834th AG Co, Miami, FL

10-Oct-07 Baghdad, Iraq CPL Samuel F. Pearson 88 RRC, 376th FIN Co, 

Whitehall, OH

05-Oct-07 Bayji, Iraq CPL Rachael L. Hugo 88 RRC, 303d MP Co, Jackson, MI

28-Aug-07 Kirkuk, Iraq SGT James S. Collins, Jr. 88 RRC, 303d MP Co, Jackson, MI

12-Aug-07 Kuzkalakhel, 

Afghanistan SGT Charles B. Kitowski, II USACAPOC, 345th PO Co, Dallas, TX

14-Jun-07 Kirkuk, Iraq SPC Farid El Azzouzi HRC - St. Louis

24-May-07 Baghdad, Iraq SSG Russell K. 

Shoemaker

108th DIV(IT), 2d Bde, Det 7, 

Garner, NC
135

APPENDIX C • CAUSALITY REPORT

Army Reserve Causality Report by Name (Deaths and Missing-Captured) 

OEF/OIF As of 10 February 2010

Date of Death Location of 

Death Rank Name Unit

03-May-07 Ar Ramadi, Iraq SSG Coby G. Schwab 70 RRC, 321st EN Bn, 

Hayden Lake, ID 

03-May-07 Ar Ramadi, Iraq CPL Kelly B. Grothe 70 RRC, 321st EN Bn, 

Hayden Lake, ID 

14-Apr-07 Fallujah, Iraq SGT Joshua A. Schmit HRC - St. Louis

14-Apr-07 Fallujah, Iraq SGT Brandon L. Wallace HRC - St. Louis

08-Feb-07 Karmah, Iraq SGT James J. Holtom 70 RRC, 321st EN Bn, Boise, ID

08-Feb-07 Karmah, Iraq SGT Ross A. Clevenger 70 RRC, 321st EN Bn, Boise, ID

08-Feb-07 Karmah, Iraq PFC Raymond M. Werner 70 RRC, 321st EN Bn, Boise, ID

31-Jan-07

Balad, Iraq 

(after injuries 

from AR 

Ramadi, Iraq)

CPL Stephen D. 

Shannon 88 RRC, 397th EN Bn, Wausau, WI

26-Jan-07 Sof Duwig, Iraq MAJ Alan R. Johnson USACAPOC, 402d CA Bn, 

Tonawanda, NY

20-Jan-07 Karbala, Iraq CPT Brian S. Freeman USACAPOC, 412th CA Bn, 

Whitehall, OH

05-Jan-07 Fallujah, Iraq MAJ Michael L. Mundell 108 DIV(IT), 1st BDE, Det 6, 

Spartanburg, SC

01-Jan-07 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Thomas E. 

Vandling, Jr.

USACAPOC, 303d PO CO, 

Oakdale, PA

17-Oct-06 Taji, Iraq SSG Ronald L. Paulsen USACAPOC, 414th CA Bn, Utica, NY

23-Sep-06 Hor Al Bosh, 

Iraq SSG Carlos NMN 

Dominguez USACAPOC, 414th CA Bn, Utica, NY

20-Sep-06 Baghdad, Iraq MSG Robb G. Needham 91st DIV(TS), 1/356th Regt (Log 

Spt), Fort Lewis, WA

17-Sep-06 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Adam L. Knox USACAPOC, 346th PO Co, 

Parma, OH

08-Sep-06 Kabul, 

Afghanistan SFC Merideth L. Howard USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 364th CA Bde, Portland, OR

08-Sep-06 Kabul, 

Afghanistan SSG Robert J. Paul USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 

Mountainview, CA 

09-Jun-06 Al Diwaniyah, 

Iraq SPC Benjamin J. Slaven 89 RRC, 308th TC Co, Lincoln, NE

09-Jun-06 Kirkuk, Iraq SGT Jose M. Velez 77 RRC, 773d TC Co, 

Fort Totten, NY

15-May-06

LRMC (after 

MEDEVAC w/

injuries from Al 

Hillah, Iraq)

CPT Shane R. Mahaffee USACAPOC, 352d CA Cmd, 489th 

CA Bn, Knoxville, TN

05-May-06 Baghdad, Iraq 1SG Carlos N. Saenz USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 490th 

CA Bn, Abilene, TX

05-May-06 Baghdad, Iraq SPC Teodoro Torres USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 490th 

CA Bn, Abilene, TX

05-May-06 Baghdad, Iraq SSG Nathan J. Vacho USACAPOC, 352d CA Cmd, 489th 

CA Bn, Knoxville, TN
136

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Army Reserve Causality Report by Name (Deaths and Missing-Captured) 

OEF/OIF As of 10 February 2010

Date of Death Location of 

Death Rank Name Unit

28-Mar-06 Al Taquaddum, 

Iraq SSG Robert Hernandez 80 DIV(IT), HQ, Richmond, VA

12-Mar-06 Asadabad, 

Afghanistan SSG Joseph R. Ray 81 RRC, 391st EN Bn, Asheville, NC

12-Mar-06 Asadabad, 

Afghanistan SGT Kevin D. Akins 81 RRC, 391st EN Bn, Asheville, NC

12-Mar-06 Asadabad, 

Afghanistan SGT Anton J. Hiett 81 RRC, 391st EN Bn, Asheville, NC

12-Mar-06 Asadabad, 

Afghanistan SPC Joshua L. Hill 81 RRC, 391st EN Bn, Asheville, NC

13-Feb-06

North of Deh 

Rawod, 

Afghanistan

SSG Clinton T. Newman USACAPOC, 492d CA Bn, 

Phoenix, AZ

28-Dec-05 Asadabad, 

Afghanistan 1SG Tobias C. Meister USACAPOC, 492d CA Bn, Phoenix, AZ

24-Dec-05 Kirkuk, Iraq SGT Myla L. Maravillosa MIRC, 203d MI Bn, Aberdeen 

Proving Grounds, MD

23-Dec-05 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Regina C. Reali USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 448th 

CA Bn, Fort Lewis, WA

23-Dec-05 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Cheyenne C. Willey USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 

Mountainview, CA

10-Nov-05 Taqaddum, Iraq SGT Joshua A. Terando HRC - St. Louis

31-Oct-05

BAMC (after 

MEDEVAC w/

injuries from 

FOB Speicher, 

Iraq)

SFC Matthew R. Kading 88 RRC, 983d En Bn, Monclova, OH

31-Oct-05 Balad, Iraq SSG Wilgene T. Lieto 9 RRC, 100th In Bn, Saipan, MP

31-Oct-05 Balad, Iraq CPL Derence W. Jack 9 RRC, 100th In Bn, Saipan, MP

26-Oct-05

Landstuhl/GE 

(after MEDEVAC 

w/injuries from 

Balad, Iraq)

SGT Evan S. Parker 9 RRC, 100th In Bn, Honolulu, HI

26-Oct-05 Basraf, Iraq SGT James Witkowski 63 RRC, 729th TC Co, Fresno, CA

19-Oct-05 Tikrit, Iraq SPC Kendell K. Frederick 88 RRC, 983d En Bn, Monclova, OH

20-Sep-05

Landstuhl/GE 

(after MEDEVAC 

w/injuries from 

Ramadi, Iraq)

SGT Pierre A. Raymond HRC - St. Louis

19-Sep-05 Baghdad, Iraq SFC Lawrence E. 

Morrison

USACAPOC, 490th CA Bn, 

Fort Sill, OK

30-Aug-05 Al Iskandariyah, 

Iraq MAJ Gregory J. Fester USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 322d CA Bde, Fort Bragg, NC

21-Aug-05 Samarra, Iraq SGT Joseph C. Nurre 99 RRC, 463d En Bn, Weirton, WV

11-Aug-05 Orgun E, 

Afghanistan SGT Edward R. Heselton 81 RRC, 391st En Bn, Greenville, SC 

05-Aug-05 Tal Uwaynat, 

Iraq SFC Robert V. Derenda 98 DIV(IT), 1st Bde, 1/417, Pennsauken, NJ 

02-Aug-05 Baghdad, Iraq SSG James D. McNaughton

77 RRC, 306th MP Bn, 

Uniondale, NY
137

APPENDIX C • CAUSALITY REPORT

Army Reserve Causality Report by Name (Deaths and Missing-Captured) 

OEF/OIF As of 10 February 2010

Date of Death Location of 

Death Rank Name Unit

17-Jul-05 Balad, Iraq SSG Frank F. Tiai 9 RRC, 100th In Bn, Pago Pago, AS

28-Jun-05 Baqubah, Iraq SPC Robert E. Hall, Jr. 81 RRC, 467th En Bn, 

Greenwood, MS 

08-Jun-05 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Roberto Arizola, Jr. 90 RRC, 850th CS Co, Laredo, TX

07-Jun-05 Tal Afar, Iraq LTC Terrence K. Crowe 98 DIV(IT), 4th Bde, Lodi, NJ

31-May-05 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Miguel A. Ramos 65 RRC, 807th Sig Co, 

Puerto Nuevo, PR

20-May-05 Balad, Iraq SGT Brad A. Wentz 88 RRC, 180th TC Co, Muskegon, MI 

08-May-05 Balad, Iraq SGT Gary A. Eckert, Jr. 88 RRC, 983d En Bn, Monclova, OH 

22-Apr-05 Tal Afar, Iraq SPC Gavin J. Colburn 88 RRC, 542d TC Co, Kingsbury, IN 

04-Apr-05 Baladruz, Iraq SSG Christopher W. Dill 98 DIV(IT), 2d Bde, 2/390, Det 4, 

Webster, NY

21-Dec-04 Mosul, Iraq MSG Paul D. Karpowich 98 DIV(IT), 1st Bde, Pennsauken, NJ

13-Nov-04 Camp Victory, 

Iraq SGT Catalin D. Dima 77 RRC, 411th En Bde, New Windsor, NY

09-Nov-04 Fallujah, Iraq SSG Todd R. Cornell 84 DIV(IT), 1/339th MI, 

Fort Benning, GA

08-Nov-04 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Bryan L. Freeman USACAPOC, 353d CA CMD, 443d CA 

Bn, Warwick, NJ

13-Oct-04 Mosul, Iraq LTC Mark P. Phelan USACAPOC, 350th CA CMD, 416th 

CA Bn, Norristown, PA

13-Oct-04 Mosul, Iraq MAJ Charles R. Soltes, Jr. USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 426th 

CA Bn, Upland, CA

05-Oct-04 Latfiyah, Iraq SSG Richard L. Morgan, 

Jr. 88 RRC, 660th TC Co, Zanesville, OH

30-Sep-04

BAMC (after 

MEDEVAC w/

injuries from 

Anaconda, Iraq)

SPC Allen D. Nolan 88 RRC, 660th TC Co, Zanesville, OH

08-Sep-04 Balad, Iraq SPC Lauro G. DeLeon, Jr. 90 RRC, 644th TC Co, Beaumont, TX

06-Sep-04 Baghdad, Iraq PFC Devin J. Grella 88 RRC, 706th TC Co, Mansfield, OH

06-Sep-04 Ivo Qayyarah 

West, Iraq SPC Brandon M. Read 81 RRC, 125th TC Co, Lexington, KY

17-Jul-04 Bayji, Iraq SFC David A. Hartman 88 RRC, 401st TC Co, 

Battle Creek, MI

01-Jul-04

WRAMC (after 

MEDEVAC w/

injuries from 

Mosul, Iraq)

SSG Stephen G. Martin 88 RRC, 330th MP Co, 

Sheboygan, WI

24-Jun-04 Mosul, Iraq SSG Charles A. Kiser 88 RRC, 330th MP Co, 

Sheboygan, WI

16-Jun-04 Balad, Iraq SGT Arthur S. Mastrapa 81 RRC, 351st MP Co, Ocala, FL 

16-Jun-04 Balad, Iraq SPC Jeremy M. 

Dimaranan 99 RRC, 302d TC Co, Fort Eustis, VA

09-Jun-04 Baghdad, Iraq PFC Thomas D. 

Caughman 81 RRC, 391st En Bn, Greenville, SC 

06-Jun-04 Taji, Iraq SGT Melvin Y. Mora 89 RRC, 245th CS Co, St. Louis, MO 
138

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Army Reserve Causality Report by Name (Deaths and Missing-Captured) 

OEF/OIF As of 10 February 2010

Date of Death Location of 

Death Rank Name Unit

29-May-04 Qalat, 

Afghanistan SPC Joseph A. Jeffries USACAPOC, 7 PSYOPS, 320th PO Co, Portland, OR

14-May-04 Baghdad, Iraq SGT James W. Harlan 88 RRC, 660th TC Co, Cadiz, OH

26-Apr-04 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Lawrence A. Roukey 98 DIV(IT), 7th Bde, 3/304, Det 1, 

Lewiston, ME

23-Apr-04 Unknown, Iraq SGT Elmer C. Krause 88 RRC, 724th TC Co, Bartonville, IL

09-Apr-04 Route Cardinal, 

Iraq PFC Gregory R. Goodrich 88 RRC, 724th TC Co, Bartonville, IL

10-Mar-04 BaQubah, Iraq SPC Bert E. Hoyer 88 RRC, 652d En Co, Ellsworth, WI

16-Feb-04 BaQubah, Iraq SPC Nichole M. Frye USACAPOC, 353d CA CMD, 415th 

CA Bn, Kalamazoo, MI

05-Jan-04

BAMC (after 

MEDEVAC w/

injuries from Ar 

Ramadi, Iraq)

SPC Luke P. Frist 88 RRC, 209th QM Co, Lafayette, IN

25-Dec-03 BaQubah, Iraq SSG Thomas W. 

Christensen 88 RRC, 652d En Co, Marquette, MI

25-Dec-03 BaQubah, Iraq SSG Stephen C. 

Hattamer 88 RRC, 652d En Co, Marquette, MI

15-Nov-03 Mosul, Iraq SFC Kelly M. L. Bolor 63 RRC, 137th QM Co, (FS)(DS), 

South El Monte, CA

09-Nov-03 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Nicholas A. Tomko 99 RRC, 307th MP Co, 

New Kensington, PA

20-Sep-03 Abu Gareeb, 

Iraq SGT David T. Friedrich 94 RRC, 325th MI Bn, B Co, Waterbury, CT

29-Aug-03 Balad, Iraq SSG Mark A. Lawton 96 RRC, 244th En Bn, Boulder, CO

27-Aug-03 Al Hallia, Iraq SGT Gregory A. Belanger 94 RRC, HHSC 325th MI Bn, 

East Windsor, CT

18-Aug-03 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Eric R. Hull 99 RRC, 307th MP Co, 

New Kensington, PA

26-Jul-03 Dogwood, Iraq SPC Jonathan M. 

Cheatham

90 RRC, 489th En Bn, 

N. Little Rock, AR

21-Jul-03 Baghdad, Iraq CPL Mark A. Bibby USACAPOC, 360th CA CMD, 422d 

CA Bn, Greensboro, NC

16-Jul-03 Biap, Iraq SPC Ramon Reyes-Torres 65 RRC, 432d TC Co, Ceiba, PR

09-Jul-03 BaQubah, Iraq SFC Dan H. Gabrielson 88 RRC, 652d En Co, Ellsworth, WI

19-Jun-03 Tampa, Iraq SPC Paul T. Nakamura 63 RRC, 437th Med Co, 

Moreno Valley, CA

 (Non-battle deaths) – nbd

15-Jan-10 Kabul, Afghanistan SFC Shannon, Michael HRC-St. Louis /ISAF Joint Command

24-Jun-09 Zubayr, Iraq SPC Casey L. Hills HRC-St. Louis / C Co. 100th Bn

25-Jun-09 Arifjan, Kuwait SPC Joshua T. Hazlewood 377th TSC, 614th TC Det. 

Houston, TX

19-Jun-09 Baghdad, Iraq SPC Chancellor A. 

Keesling

416th ENCOM, 961 En Co. 

Anderson, IN
139

APPENDIX C • CAUSALITY REPORT

Army Reserve Causality Report by Name (Deaths and Missing-Captured) 

OEF/OIF As of 10 February 2010

Date of Death Location of 

Death Rank Name Unit

11-May-09 Baghdad, Iraq PFC Jacob D. Barton 416th TEC (ENCOM), 277th En Co. 

San Antonio, TX

11-May-09 Baghdad, Iraq MAJ Matthew P. Houseal 807th MDSC, 55th MC Co., 

Indianapolis, IN

09-May-09 Baghdad, Iraq SPC Omar M. Albrak HRC-St. Louis

18-Sep-08 Bagram, 

Afghanistan LTC James L. Wiley 0 88 RRC, 685th TC Co, Hobart, IN

17-Sep-08 Baghdad, Iraq CPT Darrick D. Wright 0 70 RRC, 671st En Co, Portland, OR

14-Sep-08 Camp Buehring, 

Kuwait LTC Ralph J. Marino 0 88 RRC, 342d MP Co, Columbus, OH

07-Aug-08 Arifjan, Kuwait MSG Danny E. Maybin HRC-St. Louis

01-Jun-08 Ar Ramadi, Iraq SPC Christopher D. 

McCarthy 0 88 RRC, 685th TC Co, Hobart, IN

22-Jan-08 Kirkuk, Iraq SGT Michael R. 

Sturdivant 0 70 RRC, 671st En Co, Portland, OR

28-Oct-07 Kabul, Afghanistan MSG Thomas L. Bruner 0 88 RRC, 342d MP Co, 

Columbus, OH

29-Sep-07 Diwaniyah, Iraq SGT Chirasak Vidhyarkorn HRC-St. Louis

14-Jun-07 Talill, Iraq SPC Dustin R. Brisky 0 USACAPOC, 416th CA Bn, 

San Diego, CA

11-Mar-07 Iraq SFC Douglas C. Stone 0 77th RRC, 340th MP Co, 

Fort Totten, NY

28-Jan-07 LSA Adder, Iraq SPC Carla J. Stewart 63 RRC, 250th TC Co, El Monte, CA

13-Nov-06 Kaiserslautern, 

Germany LTC Peter E. Winston 143 TRANSCOM (Fwd), Orlando, FL

03-Jun-06 Haditha, Iraq SSG Darren Harmon MIRC, 203d MI Bn, Aberdeen 

Proving Grounds, MD

07-Jan-06 Umm Qasar, 

Iraq SPC Robert T. Johnson 81 RRC, 805th MP Co, Raleigh, NC 

07-Jan-06 Zambar Mountain, Iraq MAJ Stuart M. Anderson 89 RRC, 3rd COSCOM, 

Des Moines, IA

07-Jan-06 Umm Qasar, 

Iraq SGT Nathan R. Field 89 RRC, 414th MP Bn, Joplin, MO

05-Nov-05 Tallil, Iraq LTC Thomas A. Wren 80 DIV(IT), HQ, Richmond, VA

25-Oct-05 Ali Al Saleem, 

Kuwait SPC Benjamin D. 

Hoeffner USACAPOC, 324th PO Co, Aurora, CO

25-Oct-05 Umm Qasar, 

Iraq SPC Christopher T. 

Monroe 88 RRC, 785th MP Bn, Fraser, MI

03-Oct-05

WRAMC (after 

MEDEVAC w/

injuries from 

Balad, Iraq)

SGT Larry W. Pankey, Jr. 81 RRC, 467th En Bn, 

Greenwood, MS

27-Jul-05 Al Taqqaddum, 

Iraq CPT Benjamin D. Jansky 88 RRC, 983d En Bn, Monclova, OH

19-Jul-05 Camp Arifjan, 

Kuwait SSG Jeffrey J. Farrow 77 RRC, 146th CS Co, Fort Totten, NY

29-May-05 Doha, Qatar LTC Albert E. Smart USACAPOC, 351st CA CMD, 321st 

CA Bde, Fort Bragg, NC

06-Apr-05 Ghazni, 

Afghanistan MAJ David S. Connolly 94 RRC, 1173d USA Trans TTU, Brockton, MA
140

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Army Reserve Causality Report by Name (Deaths and Missing-Captured) 

OEF/OIF As of 10 February 2010

Date of Death Location of 

Death Rank Name Unit

08-Feb-05 Kandahar, 

Afghanistan SPC Richard M. Crane 89 RRC, 325th MC Co, Independence, MO

13-Dec-04 North of Cedar, 

Iraq SGT Tina S. Time 63 RRC, 208th TC Co, Tucson, AZ

07-Nov-04

Kenton, OH 

(after MEDEVAC 

w/illness from 

Unknown, Iraq)

SFC Otie J. McVey 88 RRC, 706th TC Co, Kenton, OH

03-Oct-04

BAMC (after 

MEDEVAC w/

injuries from 

Unknown, Iraq)

SSG James L. Pettaway 99 RRC, 223d TC Co, Norristown, PA

27-Aug-04 Fallujah, Iraq PFC Luis A. Perez 99 RRC, 223d TC Co, Norristown, PA

25-Aug-04 Tikrit, Iraq SPC Charles L. Neeley 88 RRC, 454th TC Co, Columbus, OH

24-Aug-04 Fallujah, Iraq SSG Donald N. Davis 88 RRC, 660th TC Co, Zanesville, OH

12-Jul-04 Bagram, 

Afghanistan SPC Juan M. Torres 90 RRC, 453d TC Co, Houston, TX 

04-Jul-04

LRMC (after 

MEDEVAC w/

illness from 

Bagram, 

Afghanistan)

SPC Julie R. Hickey USACAPOC, 352d CA CMD, 412th 

CA Bn, Ft Bragg, NC

14-May-04 Baghdad, Iraq CSM Edward C. Barnhill USACAPOC, 350th CA CMD, 431st 

CA Bn, North Little Rock, AR

09-May-04 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Rodney A. Murray 81 RRC, 351st MP Co, Ocala, FL

18-Mar-04 Balad, Iraq SPC Doron N. Chan 77 RRC, 411th En Bde, 

New Windsor, NY

25-Feb-04 Kabul, 

Afghanistan SPC David E. Hall 81 RRC, 805th MP Co, Raleigh, NC

29-Jan-04 Ghazni, 

Afghanistan SFC Curtis Mancini USACAPOC, 350th CA CMD, 486th CA Bn, Tulsa, OK

29-Jan-04 Ghazni, 

Afghanistan SGT Danton K. Seitsinger USACAPOC, 350th CA CMD, 486th 

CA Bn, Tulsa, OK

29-Jan-04 Ghazni, 

Afghanistan SPC Adam G. Kinser USACAPOC, 7 PSYOPS, 304th PO 

Co, Sacramento, CA

29-Jan-04 Ghazni, 

Afghanistan SSG James D. Mowris 81 RRC, 805th MP Co, Raleigh, NC

19-Dec-03 Balad, Iraq SPC Charles E. Bush, Jr. USACAPOC, 352d CA CMD, 402d CA 

Bn, Tonawanda, NY

26-Nov-03 Qayyarah, Iraq SGT David J. Goldberg 96 RRC, 52d En Bn (Multicompo), 

Fort Carson, CO

03-Oct-03 Incirlik, Turkey LTC Paul W. Kimbrough 416 ENCOM, 28th FET, 

Moon Township, PA

07-Sep-03

WRAMC, (after 

MEDEVAC w/

injuries from 

Cedarl, Iraq)

SGT Jarret B. Thompson 99 RRC, 946th TC Co, Lewes, DE

01-Sep-03 Camp Arifjan, 

Kuwait SSG Cameron B. Sarno 63 RRC, 257th TC Co, Las Vegas, NV

27-Aug-03 Camp Arifjan, 

Kuwait LTC Anthony L. Sherman USACAPOC, 353d CA CMD, 304th CA Bde, Philadelphia, PA
141

APPENDIX C • CAUSALITY REPORT

Army Reserve Causality Report by Name (Deaths and Missing-Captured) 

OEF/OIF As of 10 February 2010

Date of Death Location of 

Death Rank Name Unit

20-Aug-03 Scania, Iraq SGT Kenneth W. 

Harris, Jr. 

81 RRC, 212th TC Co, 

Chattanooga, TN 

12-Aug-03 Ar Ramadi, Iraq SSG Richard S. Eaton, Jr. 99 RRC, 323d MI Bn, Ft Meade, MD

13-Jul-03 Babylon, Iraq CPT Paul J. Cassidy USACAPOC, 352d CA CMD, 352d CA 

Bn, Kalamazoo, MI

13-Jul-03 Ad Diwaniyah, 

Iraq SGT Jaror C. PuelloCoronado

77 RRC, 310th MP Bn, 

Uniondale, NY

01-Jul-03 Dogwood, Iraq 1SG Christopher D. Coffin USACAPOC, 352d CA CMD, 352d CA 

Bn, Riverdale, MI

22-Apr-03 Iraq SPC Roy Buckley 88 RRC, 685th TC Co, Hobart, IN

22-Mar-03 Iraq SPC Brandon Tobler 70 RRC, 671st En Co, Portland, OR

24-Sep-02 Guantanamo 

Bay, Cuba SSG Ryan D. Foraker 88 RRC, 342d MP Co, Columbus, OH

Total All Deaths by Operation = KIA: OIF/102 OEF/20 Total/122 NBD: OIF/48 OEF/14 Total/62 

Total All Deaths in Theater = OIF/150 OEF/33 Total 183

Date 

Captured

Location of 

Dustwun Rank Name Unit

14-Dec-06 Baghdad, Iraq SGT Altaie, Ahmed K. HRC - St. Louis

Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal

143

HONORING THE FALLEN

AT FORT HOOD

APPENDIX

D
144

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Memorial service held at the USARC, 18 November 2009
145

APPENDIX D • HONORING THE FALLEN AT FORT HOOD

Lieutenant Colonel Juanita L. Warman 

1908th Medical Company, Independence, Missouri

She treated individuals with post-traumatic stress 

disorder and traumatic brain injury. Warman’s military 

career spanned twenty-five years both on active duty 

and in the Army Reserve. She was fifty-five.

Major Libardoe E. Caraveo 

467th Medical Detachment, Madison, Wisconsin 

He arrived in the United States in his teens from Ciudad 

Juarez, Mexico, speaking little English. Libardoe 

earned a doctorate in psychology from the University 

of Arizona. He had a private practice in Woodbridge, 

Virginia. He was fifty-two.

Captain John P. Gaffaney 

1908th Medical Company, Independence, Missouri

He was a psychiatric nurse who worked for San Diego 

County, California. Gaffaney had worked with mentally 

disabled adults, was part of Army Reserve combat stress 

unit and was set to deploy to Iraq as a psychiatric nurse 

specializing in post traumatic stress disorder. He was 

fifty-six.

Captain Russell G. Seager 

467th Medical Detachment, Madison, Wisconsin

He was a nurse practitioner at the VA medical Center 

and treated Soldiers dealing with combat stress. Seager 

was a teacher, faculty and medical advisor at Bryant and 

Stratton College in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was 

fifty-one.

Staff Sergeant Amy S. Kruger 

467th Medical Detachment, Madison, Wisconsin

She was a 1998 graduate of Kiel High School in Madison, 

Wisconsin. Krueger was pursuing a psychology degree 

at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. Krueger 

received her medical training as a mental health 

specialist while stationed at San Antonio, Texas. She 

was twenty-nine.
“Here is what you must also know,” he told grieving Family members and 

friends of those lost. “Your loved ones endure through the life of our nation. 

Their memory will be honored in the places they lived and by the people 

they touched. Their life’s work is our security and the freedom that we all 

too often take for granted.”

“These men and women came from all parts of the country. Some have 

long careers in the military. Some signed up to serve in the shadow of 

9/11. Some have known intense combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, and 

some cared for those who did. Their lives speak to the strength, the dignity, 

the decency of those who serve. And that is how they will be remembered.”

“Every evening that the sun sets on a tranquil town, every dawn that a flag 

is unfurled, every moment that an American enjoys life, liberty and the 

pursuit of happiness — that is their legacy.”

–Barack H. Obama
147

APPENDIX D • HONORING THE FALLEN AT FORT HOOD

President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama pause to remember one of the thirteen 

victims of the 5 November 2009 shooting rampage at Fort Hood, Texas, during a ceremony. 

(Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class ChadJ. McNeeley/ARNEWS)
“A Walk in the Dark-Charcoal” 

Sergeant First Class Darrold Peters

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
“These men and women willingly volunteered to serve their country because 

they believed in freedom and equality for all as well as fighting for a cause 

greater than themselves. . . . Although they may not be here with us in a 

physical sense, they will forever remain in our hearts and minds.”

– Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr.

151

GLOBAL WAR ON

TERRORISM

SILVER STAR RECIPIENTS

APPENDIX

E

153

APPENDIX E • GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM SILVER STAR RECIPIENTS

Specialist Jeremy Church 

of the 724th Transportation Company was the 

first Army Reserve Soldier to earn the Silver Star 

in Iraq after driving the convoy commander’s 

vehicle through a four mile kill zone and rendering 

assistance to fellow Soldiers under an ambush from 

Iraqi insurgents in Balad, on 9 April 2004.

Sergeant James Witkowski 

of the 729th Transportation Company received 

the Silver Star posthumously after shielding other 

Soldiers in his company from a grenade while 

conducting a combat logistics mission near Ashraf 

on 26 October 2005.

Staff Sergeant Jason Fetty

with the Joint Provisional Reconstruction Team 

of the 364th Civil Affairs Brigade was the first 

Army Reserve Soldier to earn the Silver Star in 

Afghanistan after battling with a suicide bomber’s 

attack at the opening of an emergency room at the 

Khost Hospital on 20 February 2007. 

Sergeant Gregory Ruske 

with the Combined Joint Task Force 101 received 

the Silver Star for battling Taliban operatives 

and rescuing two Afghan National policemen in 

Afghanistan’s Kapisa province on 21 April 2008.

Specialist David Hutchinson 

(then a Private First Class) with the 420th Engineer 

Brigade Personal Security Detail received the Silver 

Star as a gunner who placed accurate and effective 

fire on insurgents while in a convoy en route to 

Afghanistan’s Forward Operating Base Orgun-E on 

21 May 2008.
“Departing the Compound” 

Elzie Golden

 (Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)
155

STRENGTH OF

THE ARMY RESERVE

1946-2009

APPENDIX

F
156

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Fiscal 

Year

Paid Drill

(TPU) IRR

Total 

Ready

Reserve

Standby

Reserve

Retired

Reserve

Total Army

Reserve

1946 none none

1947 none 729,289

1948 none 752,271

1949 196,427 588,972

1950 186,541 613,526

1951 154,816 278,327

1952 135,003 340,580

1953 117,323 798,026

1954 136,918 1,108,967

1955 163,137 1,593,419 1,648,626

1956 197,340 1,917,250 1,975,559

1957 260,377 1,008,438 1,839,474

1958 272,683 955,462 2,034,598

1959 314,173 1,008,837 2,282,550

1960 301,081 1,024,549 2,217,472

1961 301,796 1,028,168 772,543 93,036 1,893,747

1962 261,456 580,034 841,490 496,762 107,649 1,445,901

1963 284,182 382,899 667,081 293,283 132,470 1,092,834

1964 268,524 453,485 722,089 255,592 154,180 1,131,782

1965 261,680 456,758 718,438 233,916 176,212 1,128,566

1966 250,794 546,845 797,819 233,683 190,663 1,222,165

1967 261,957 444,204 706,161 312,503 199,320 1,217,984

1968 244,239 629,237 873,476 230,875 230,879 1,335,230

1969 261,322 818,471 1,079,793 262,000 1,304,000

1970 257,490 931,715 1,192,453 344,000 1,386,000

1971 262,299 991,039 1,254,338 335,000 1,605,000

1972 235,192 1,059,064 1,294,256 382,215 327,189 2,003,660

1973 235,499 757,675 993,174 415,268 344,457 1,752,989

1974 239,715 532,575 772,290 340,481 357,591 1,470,362

1975 225,057 355,099 580,156 282,696 365,489 1,228,341

1976 191,919 217,621 409,540 184,478 376,037 970,055

1977 189,420 149,427 338,847 152,784 386,368 877,999

1978 185,753 168,607 354,360 82,677 391,304 828,341

1979 189,990 201,783 391,773 30,544 400,825 823,142

1980 195,146 215,810 410,946 19,047 413,431 843,784

1981 225,003 212,925 437,928 5,014 449,406 893,348

1982 256,659 218,991 475,650 357 464,634 940,641

1983 256,379 223,904 480,283 614 466,936 947,833
157

APPENDIX F • STRENGTH OF THE ARMY RESERVE 1946-2009

1

DA Pamphlet 140-14, James Currie and Richard Crossland, Twice the Citizen: A History of 

the United States Army Reserve, 1908-1995 (OCAR: Washington, DC, 1997), pp. 613-614. 

2

Email, Ms. Jeaneane Oelke, HRC-St. Louis to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: USAR 

Strength Numbers, 1996-2000, 15 Aug 06. 

3

Email, LTC Thomas Liusso, OCAR-HR to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Manpower 

Statistics, 1 Aug 06 and Email, Mr. Jim Ferguson, USARC G-1 to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, 

subject: 19997-2005 Data, 1 Aug 06.

4

Email, Mr. James Ferguson to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: End Strength, 8 Jan 08.

5

Email, Mr. Jim Ferguson to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Historical Summary Strength 

Statistics, 4 Mar 10.

Fiscal 

Year

Paid Drill

(TPU) IRR

Total 

Ready

Reserve

Standby

Reserve

Retired

Reserve

Total Army

Reserve

1984 275,062 276,651 551,713 244 602,096 1,154,053

1985 292,080 301,825 593,905 266 342,100 936,271

1986 309,709 300,919 610,527 318 615,527 1,226,372

1987 313,638 287,459 601,097 391 618,913 1,220,401

1988 312,825 292,857 605,682 430 628,422 1,234,534

1989 319,244 274,588 593,832 632 642,364 1,236,828

1990 310,071 284,248 594,319 788 648,966 1,244,073

1991 309,681 359,074 668,755 1,189 661,809 1,331,753

1992 302,850 418,592 721,442 1,047 610,401 1,332,890

1993 275,900 438.036 713,938 921 633,618 1,348,475

1994 259,856 412,235 672,091 1,145 655,519 1,328,755

1995 241,300 376,790 618,090 1,128 683,723 1,302,9411

1996 204,182 318,229 544,440 1,038 691,955 1,237,433

1997 191,418 273,298 486,148 829 717,706 1,204,683

1998 185,152 226,479 431,447 738 735,662 1,167,847

1999 185,834 183,900 390,736 673 751,257 1,142,666

2000 188,330 161,622 368,514 710 766,526 1,135,7412 

2001 189,148 146,506 354,109 773 699,038 1,054,820

2002 186,990 137,287 342,604 730 714,825 1,058,159

2003 192,280 120,874 332,352 734 726,151 1,059,237

2004 180,368 113,748 313,539 886 744,376 1,058,801

2005 167,659 109,765 297,739 1,607 758,258 1,057,6043

2006 170,186 93,798 283,773 1,586 767,085 1,052,444

2007 169,977 76,548 266,430 5,294 780,040 1,051,7564 

2008 177,116 66,840 66,840 2,136 785,234 1,051,234

2009 185,464 62,336 62,336 2,072 761,517 1,031,2225 

159

ARMY RESERVE

APPROPRIATIONS

1970-2009

APPENDIX

G
160

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Fiscal 

Year

 RPA 

($M)

 OMAR 

($M) 

 MCAR 

($M)

 USAR 

Total ARMY Total % AR

1970 338.7 129.3 10.0 478,0 23,580 2.0

1971 374.5 140.7 10.0 525.2 20,300 2.6

1972 431.5 171.3 33.5 636.3 22,480 2.8

1973 461.6 203.0 39.2 702.8 21,820 3.2

1974 465.5 253.9 40.7 760.1 21,650 3.5

1975 489.9 284.0 43.7 817.6 21,580 3.8

1976 478.8 323.5 50.3 852.6 24,040 3.5

1977 479.8 364.7 53.8 898.3 26,810 3.4

1978 532.6 391.5 50.5 974.6 28,770 3.3

1979 566.8 420.3 37.1 1,024.2 31,570 3.2

1980 659.3 440.4 30.0 1,102.7 34,580 3.2

1981 865.5 520.7 43.2 1,429.4 44.030 3.2

1982 1,071.0 666.0 65.0 1,802.0 53,040 3.4

1983 1,247.0 705.0 42.0 1,994.0 57,220 3.5

1984 1,322.0 691.6 54.2 2,067.8 61,516 3.4

1986 2,149.1 740.9 56.1 2,947.0 73,770 4.0

1987 2,110.0 769.2 86.6 2,965.8 75,241 3.9

1989 2,240.8 810.7 85.8 3,137.3 78,562 4.0

1990 2,199.2 868.0 99.1 3,166.3 79,131 4.0

1991 2,178.8 942.5 77.4 3,198.7 92,498 3.5

1992 2,314.1 1,017.9 110.4 3,442.4 74,653 4.6

1993 2,182.2 1,037.2 42.2 3,261.6 66,737 4.9

1994 2,146.9 1,072.7 99.5 3,319.1 63,123 5.3
161

APPENDIX G • ARMY RESERVE APPROPRIATIONS

Fiscal 

Year

 RPA 

($M)

 OMAR 

($M) 

 MCAR 

($M)

 USAR 

Total ARMY Total % AR

1995 2,174.1 1,239.8 57.4 3,471.3 63,9561

5.42

19963

1997 2,059 1,141 56 3,256 64,664 5.0

1998 2,040 1,211 74 3,325 64,001 5.2

1999 2,181 1,252 102 3,535 69,331 5.1

2000 2,316 1,484 111 3,911 73,264 5.3

2001 2,493 1,577 109 4,179 78,047 5.4

2002 2,664 1,749 167 4,580 86,099 5.3

2003 3,123 2,123 101 5,347 122,268 4.4

2004 3,359 2,036 88 5,483 141,551 3.9

20054

3,664 2,016 92 5,772 115.011

2006 3,426.5 2,132.5 94.2 5,563.2

2007 3,514.2 2,450.6 132.0 6,096.8 221.124.2

2008 4,014.2 2,724.7 108.8 6,847.7

2009 4,282.8 2,793.5 141.9 7,257.35

1997-2005: All amounts include base funding/appropriate 

supplemental funding.6

1

DA Pamphlet 140-14, James Currie and Richard Crossland, Twice the Citizen: A History of 

the United States Army Reserve, 1908-1995, pp. 590-591. 

2

Ibid.

3

The statistics for 1996 were unavailable.

4

Table, USARC G-8, subject: Aug 06.

5

Email, Mr. David Krombach to Dr. Kathryn Roe Coker, subject: Figures for Biannual 

History, 14 Apr 10. 

6

Table, USARC G-8, subject: Statistics, Aug 06.

163

ARMY RESERVE

COMMAND AND CONTROL

ALIGNMENT

18 NOVEMBER 2009

APPENDIX

H
164

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL 

(ARC2) ALIGNMENT

63 RSC 

81 RSC 

88 RSC 

99 RSC 

USARC 

11 TAC 244 AV BDE 

335 SC(T) 

650 RSG 

TSC SPT UNIT (CENTCOM) 

TRF TO 311 ESC 1 OCT 10 

209 RSG 

359 SIG BDE 

415 CM BDE 

505 SIG BDE ACTIVATE 16 SEP 11 

ACTIVATE 16 SEP 11 

200 MP CMD 

11 MP BDE 

800 MP BDE 

300 MP BDE 

208 RSG 

290 MP BDE 

TRF TO MIRC 1 OCT 10 

301 MEB 

372 EN BDE 

420 EN BDE 

USA FAC EN GP 

416 TEC 

BG EFF 17 OCT 10 

USA COE CR 

INACTIVATE 15 SEP 10 

302 MEB 

926 EN BDE 

411 EN BDE 

412 TEC 

BG EFF 17 OCT 10 

90 RRC DISESTABLISH 15 DEC 09 

63 RRC DISESTABLISH 15 DEC 09 
165

APPENDIX H • ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL ALIGNMENT 18 NOVEMBER 2009

ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL 

(ARC2) ALIGNMENT

377 TSC 

USARC 

165 QM GP 

301 RSG 

475 QM GP 

38 RSG 

55 SUS BDE 

77 SUS BDE 

655 RSG 

316 ESC 

398 FIN GP 

211 RSG 

4 ESC 

164 QM GP 

647 RSG 

300 SUS BDE 

90 SUS BDE 

310 ESC 206 RSG 

643 RSG 

645 RSG 

646 RSG 

640 RSG 

518 SUS BDE ACTIVATE 16 SEP 10 

207 RSG 

321 SUS BDE 

642 RSG 

143 ESC 

641 RSG 

326 ASG 

89 SUS BDE 

561 RSG 

644 RSG 

649 RSG 

103 ESC 
166

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL 

(ARC2) ALIGNMENT

USARC 

377 TSC 1179 TRANS GP 

1189 TRANS GP 

1190 TRANS GP 

1394 TRANS GP 

DSC 

SSC ACTIVATE 20091201 

364 ESC 

326 FIN GP 

654 RSG 

652 RSG 

653 RSG 

651 RSG 

TSC SPT UNIT (PACIFIC) ADCON ONLY/OPCON TO 311 SC(T) 

311 ESC 

304 SUS BDE 

96 SUS BDE 

151 IO GP 

152 IO GP 

USARJSTSC USAR LEGAL CMD 

AR INFO OPS CMD 

FORSCOM AUG UNIT 

HQ USJFCOM ARE 

EUCOM ARE 

US STRATCOM ARE 

TRANSCOM ARE 

LOGCAP SPT UNIT 

SOUTHCOM ARE 

DLA ARE 

416 FLD SPT BDE 

ARSC 
167

APPENDIX H • ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL ALIGNMENT 18 NOVEMBER 2009

ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL 

(ARC2) ALIGNMENT

USARC 

1 MSC 166 RSG 

210 RSG 

1 TNG BDE CA/PO 

321 CA BDE 

358 CA BDE 

354 CA BDE 

360 CA BDE 

308 CA BDE 

304 CA BDE 

2 POG 

7 POG 

USACAPOC 

364 CA BDE 

350 CACOM 

351 CACOM 

352 CACOM 

353 CACOM 

3 MDSC 

338 MD BDE (CORPS) 

804 MD BDE COL EFF16 OCT 11 

8 MD BDE COL EFF 16 OCT 11 

5 MD GP 

332 MD BDE COL EFF 16 OCT 11 

MIRC 648 RSG 

807 MDSC 

330 MD BDE COL EFF 16 OCT 11 

176 MD GP 

139 MD GP 

334 MD GP 

307 MD GP 

331 MD GP 

2 MD BDE COL EFF16 OCT 11 
168

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL 

(ARC2) ALIGNMENT

USARC 

AR MED CMD (READ & TNG) 1 TNG BDE (TS) 

2 TNG BDE (TS) 

AR-MEDCOM 

SE MARS GP 

CEN MARS GP 

NE MARS GP 

WEST MARS GP 

3 TNG BDE (ES) 

SARG 

70 TNG DIV (FT) 

104 TNG DIV (LT) 

84 TNG CMD (UR) 1 BDE (SCH) 

2 BDE (TD) 

1 BDE (LT) 

2 BDE (LT) 

3 BDE (LT) 

ACTIVATE 20100916 

78 TNG BDE (OPS) 

91 TNG BDE (OPS) 

86 TNG BDE (OPS) 

DRILL SGT SCHOOL 

98 TNG DIV (IET) 

95 TNG DIV (IET) 

108 TNG CMD (IET) 1 BDE (IET) 

2 BDE (IET) 

3 BDE (IET) 

4 BDE (IET) 

1 BDE (IET) 

2 BDE (IET) 

3 BDE (IET) 

4 BDE (IET) 
169

APPENDIX H • ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL ALIGNMENT 18 NOVEMBER 2009

ARMY RESERVE COMMAND AND CONTROL 

(ARC2) ALIGNMENT

USARC 

1 BDE 

2 BDE 

3 BDE 

4 BDE 

5 BDE 

75 TNG DIV (BC) 

USAR SPT CMD 1A 

4 BDE (PS) 

102 TNG DIV (MS) 

94 TNG DIV (FS) 

100 TNG DIV (OS) 

80 TNG CMD (TASS) 1 BDE (EN) 

2 BDE (MP) 

3 BDE (CM) 

1 BDE (QM) 

2 BDE (TC) 

3 BDE (OD) 

1 BDE (MI) 

2 BDE (SC) 

3 BDE (CA/PO) 

4 BDE (HS) 

5 BDE 

800 LOG SPT BDE 

USAR SPT CMD 1A DIV (E) 

85 USAR SPT CMD (W) 2 AR MOB SPT GP 

87 USAR SPT CMD (E) 1 AR MOB SPT GP 

USARC AUG 

AR SPT ELE (OCAR ARCD) 

US SOCOM ARE 

USAR SPT CMD 1A DIV (W) 
“Big Country” 

Heather Engelhart

(Courtesy of the Army Art Collection, U.S. Army Center of Military History)


173

CELEBRATING THE ARMY’S

100TH ANNIVERSARY

APPENDIX

I
174

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

The USARC celebrates the 100th Anniversary of the Army Reserve, 4 April 2008.
175

APPENDIX I • CELEBRATING THE ARMY RESERVE’S 100TH ANNIVERSARY

One hundred Army Reserve Soldiers representing every state raised their hands and re-enlisted on the 

U.S. Capitol on 23 April 2008 marking the Army Reserve’s 100th Anniversary. Lieutenant General 

Jack C. Stultz, Jr. and Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie administered the oath. 
176

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

A reenlistment ceremony for over 100 Army Reserve Soldiers was held on 18 January 2008 at the Al 

Faw Palace in Baghdad, Iraq. General David Petraeus, Commanding General, Multi-National Force - 

Iraq (MNF-I), conducted the ceremony. VIP participants included Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, 

Jr. chief of the Army Reserve, and Command Sergeant Major Leon Caffie. This reenlistment ceremony 

was the kick-off event for a year long commemoration and celebration of the U.S. Army Reserve 100th 

Anniversary.
“There can be no greater expression of 

patriotism on this 100th anniversary than 

the oaths of these 100 Soldiers who are 

renewing their commitment to serve their 

country. In this time of war, these brave 

men and women epitomize personal 

courage and selfless service and they 

are the pride of the nation they serve.”

– Lieutenant General Jack C. Stultz, Jr.

179

ARMY RESERVE

BEST WARRIOR COMPETITION

APPENDIX

J
180

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Specialist Brandon Harp, from Knoxville, Tennessee, representing the 200th Military Police Command, leads other best warrior candidates up a hill during the 2009 Army Reserve Best Warrior competition at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, 15 July 2009. (Timothy Hale)
181

APPENDIX J • ARMY RESERVE BEST WARRIOR COMPETITION

Specialist Christopher Ludwig, representing the Army Reserve Medical Command, checks into a station 

during the Urban Warfighting Orienteering Course at the 2009 Army Reserve Best Warrior competition 

at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, 14 July 2009. (Timothy Hale)
182

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Sergeant Shawn Zimmerman, from Hays, Kansas, representing the 807th Medical Command, top, 

and Staff Sergeant Lucas Heideman, from Indianola, Iowa, representing the 200th Military Police 

Command, square off during the Army Combatives Tournament at the 2009 Army Reserve Best Warrior 

competition at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, 16 July 2009. (Timothy Hale).
183

APPENDIX J • ARMY RESERVE BEST WARRIOR COMPETITION

Staff Sergeant Michael Lowe, from Atlanta, Georgia, representing the 642nd Regional Support Group, 

shakes a glow stick prior to the start of night Urban Warfighting Orienteering Course at the 2009 Army 

Reserve Best Warrior competition at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, 14 July 2009. (Timothy Hale)
184

THE 2008/2009 BIANNUAL ARMY RESERVE HISTORICAL SUMMARY

Sergeant Shawn Zimmerman, from Hays, Kansas, representing the 807th Medical Command, top, and 

Staff Sergeant Lucas Heideman, from Indianola, Iowa, representing the 200th Military Police Command, square off during the Army Combatives Tournament at the 2009 Army Reserve Best Warrior 

competition at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, 16 July 2009. (Timothy Hale).