Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality,

and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient

Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus Aquifer

System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek,

Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999–

March 2000

Water-Resources Investigations Report 00–4210

Prepared in cooperation with the

STATE OF OKLAHOMA OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
Schlottmann, J.L., and others—Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus Aquifer System

and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999–March 2000—USGS/WRIR 00–4210

Printed on recycled paper
U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water

Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and

Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark

Plateaus Aquifer System and Cave Springs

Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County,

Oklahoma, March 1999–March 2000

By Jamie L. Schlottmann,

Ralph Tanner, University of Oklahoma, and

Mansour Samadpour, University of Washington

Prepared in cooperation with the

STATE OF OKLAHOMA OFFICE OF ATTORNEY GENERAL

Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4210
U.S. Department of the Interior

Bruce Babbitt, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2000

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

For more information about the USGS and its products:

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/

District Chief

U.S. Geological Survey

Water Resources Division

202 NW 66th Street, Building 7

Oklahoma City, OK 73116

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply

endorsement by the U.S. Government.
iii

CONTENTS

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Purpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Description of study area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Previous investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Approach and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Hydrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Water quality and indicated sources of bacteria and nutrient contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Summary and conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

References cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S.

Geological Survey gages 07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Mo. and

07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Mo.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2. Description of ground-water and surface sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

3. Water properties, concentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, iron, manganese, and

arsenic and d values in permil of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water samples

collected August 23–27, 1999 and March 22, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

4. Compounds detected by wastewater indicator compound determinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figures

1.–2. Maps showing:

1. Location of study area. 3

2. Topography of the study area.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3–4. Graphs showing:

3. Total daily precipitation at the Jay Mesonet site near Jay Oklahoma, and discharge of Cave

Springs Branch and Honey Creek, near South West City, Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4. Streamdischarge andfecal indicator bacteriain CaveSprings Branch andHoney Creekwater

samples August 1997 through September 1999.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5.–6. Maps showing:

5. Locations of water-table measurements and sampling sites.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6. Geology of the study area and location of section A-A’ shown in figure 7.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7.Northeast-southwestsectionintheOzarkPlateauaquifersystemusingdrillers’logs

along A-A’ (shown on figure 6) showing the distribution of the Ozark confining unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

8. Graphs showing hourly gage height for May 20, 1999, through January 25, 2000, at Cave Springs

Branch gage near South West City, Missouri, hourly depth to water in the Grove monitoring

well, and daily total precipitation at the Jay Mesonet station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

9.–11. Maps showing:

9. Water-table altitudes based on measurements May 17–21, 1999.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

10. Water-table altitudes based on measurements August 23–27, 1999. 18
iv

11.Netgainingandlosingstreamreachesbasedonstreammeasurementsmade

on (A) May 19-20, 1999, and (B) August 24, 1999.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

12–13. Graphs showing:

12.WaterpropertiesinwatersamplescollectedintheCaveSpringsBranchstudyarea

August 23-27, 1999, and March 22, 2000, plotted by group in downstream order.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

13. Major ion and nutrient concentrations in water samples collected in the Cave Springs

Branch study area August 23–27, 1999, and March 22, 2000, plotted by group in downstream

order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

14.Stiff diagrams ofmajor-ion contents ofthe poultryprocessing plant outfall,surface water, and

ground water in the study area.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

15–16. Graphs showing:

15. Loads of chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate measured in Cave

Springs Branch and Honey Creek during August 1999 and March 2000.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

16.MinorandtraceelementconcentrationsinwatersamplescollectedintheCaveSprings

Branch study area August 23-27, 1999, and March 22, 2000, plotted by group in downstream

order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

17.Mapshowingnumbersoforganicwastewaterindicatorcompoundsdetectedinstreamand

ground water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

18–20. Graphs showing:

18. Enrichment ofδD andδ18O of water resulting from evaporation in the watertreatment basins.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

19.BacterialcountsinwatersamplescollectedintheCaveSpringsBranchstudyarea

August 23-27, 1999, and March 22, 2000, plotted by group in downstream order.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

20.LoadsoffecalbacteriameasuredinCaveSpringsBranchandHoneyCreekduring

August 1999 and March 2000.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Tables

1. Field procedures used in the Honey Creek basin for collection and preservation of water samples

for laboratory analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2. List of wastewater indicator compounds and uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

3. Estimated maximum percent of Cave Springs Branch water that may be contributing to ground water

from downgradient wells in the study area related to nitrate concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

4. Bacterial counts and ratios of fecal coliform to fecal streptococcal bacteria in water samples from the

Cave Springs Branch area, August 1999 and March 2000 (Group 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

5. Results of biolog and antibiotic resistance tests on presumptive Escherichia coli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

6. Results of ribotyping ofEscherichia coli isolates from samples collected August 23-27, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
v

Conversion Factors and Datum

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F = (1.8 × °C) + 32

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1998

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1998 (NAD 88).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at

25 ̊C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or

micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Local identifier: The locations of the wells are specified by latitude and longitude to the nearest

second and by a local identifier, which is based on the public land survey. The local identifier

includes the township and range followed by the section and a series of letters that designate

the quarter-section subdivisions from largest to smallest. The order of the quarter-section subdivisions is opposite of that used by the public land survey. A sequence number is added to make

the local identifier unique in the U.S. Geological Survey data base. As illustrated in the following

diagram, the public land survey description of the site indicated by the dot is NW 1/4 NE 1/4 SE 1/

4 sec. 20, T. 25 N., R. 25 W., which is denoted by the local identifier 08N-02W-18 DAB. If the

sequence number is 2, the complete identifier is 25N-25W-20 DAB 2.

Multiply By To obtain

Length

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm)

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Area

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)

Flow rate

cubic foot per second (ft3

/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

B A

C D

B A

C

A

C D

B

D

25N-25W-20 DAB 2

T. 25N. 18

R25W.
Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and

Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the

Ozark Plateaus Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch

of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-

March 2000

By Jamie L. Schlottmann, Ralph S. Tanner, and Mansour Samadpour

Abstract

A reconnaissance investigation of hydrology and water

quality was conducted to evaluate possible sources of bacteria

and nutrient contamination in the Cave Springs Branch basin

and the underlying karstic Ozark Plateau aquifer system. Objectives were to: (1) determine the directions of ground-water flow

in the basin and determine whether Cave Springs Branch interacts with ground water, (2) compare water quality in Cave

Springs Branch with water quality in nearby wells to determine

whether the stream is contaminating nearby wells, and (3)

determine sources of fecal coliform bacteria and nitrate contamination in Cave Springs Branch and ground water. Potential

sources of bacteria and nitrate in the area include cultivated

agriculture, cow and horse on pasture, poultry production,

households, and wildlife. Presence of fecal coliform and fecal

streptococcal bacteria directly indicate fecal contamination and

the potential for the presence of other pathogenic organisms in

a water supply. Nitrate in drinking water poses health risks and

may indicate the presence of additional contaminants.

Fecal coliform bacteria colony counts were least in wells,

intermediate in the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall

and Honey Creek above the confluence with Cave Springs

Branch, and greatest in Cave Springs Branch. Bacteria strains

and resistance to antibiotics by some bacteria indicate that livestock may have been sources of some bacteria in the water samples. Multiple antibiotic resistances were not present in the isolates from the water samples, indicating that the bacteria may

not be from human or poultry sources.

Ribotyping indicates that Escherichia coli bacteria in

water samples from the basin were from bird, cow, horse, dog,

deer, and human sources. The presence of multiple ribotypes

from each type of animal source except bird indicates that most

of the bacteria are from multiple populations of source animals.

Identifiable sources of bacteria in Cave Springs Branch at the

state line were dominantly cow and horse with one ribotype

from bird. Escherichia coli was detected in only one well sample. Bacterial ribotypes in water from that upgradient well indicated human and dog feces as sources for bacteria, and that on

site wastewater treatment may not always be adequate in these

highly permeable soils.

Greater concentrations of nitrate in Cave Springs Branch

and O'Brien Spring relative to the poultry-processing plant

wastewater outfall may be due, in part, to conversion of ammonia from poultry processing plant wastewater. The poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall sample collected in March

2000 contained greater concentrations of ammonia and total

organic nitrogen plus ammonia than the spring, stream, and well

samples collected during August 1999. Cave Springs Branch

and Honey Creek contributed approximately equal loads of

nitrogen to Honey Creek below the confluence and the greatest

loads of nitrogen were introduced to Cave Springs Branch by

the poultry processing plant wastewater outfall and O'Brien

Spring. Nitrate concentrations in upgradient well samples

ranged from 0.38 to 4.60 milligrams per liter, indicating that

there are sources of ground-water nitrogen other than Cave

Springs Branch, such as animal waste, fertilizer, or human

waste. Nitrogen compounds in water from wells downgradient

of Cave Springs Branch may be from Cave Springs Branch, fertilizers, animal waste, or human waste.

Introduction

With increased number and size of concentrated poultry

operations and an associated poultry-processing plant in the

Cave Springs basin and part of the Honey Creek basin, northeastern Oklahoma, and southeastern Missouri (fig.1), concern

has grown about the quality of water in the streams and the

underlying Ozark Plateau aquifer system. In response to this

concern, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the

Oklahoma Office of the Attorney General, conducted reconnaissance hydrologic and water-quality investigations to evaluate the potential sources of bacteria and nutrient contamination
2 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

in the Cave Springs Branch basin and the underlying karstic

Ozark Plateau aquifer system.

Investigation objectives were to: (1) determine the directions of ground-water flow in the Cave Springs Branch basin

and whether Cave Springs Branch interacts with ground water

in the Ozark Plateau aquifer system, (2) compare water quality

in Cave Springs Branch with the quality of water in water from

nearby wells to determine whether water from Cave Springs

Branch could be contaminating nearby wells completed in the

Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, and (3) determine sources of

coliform bacteria and nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen (referred to

as nitrate in this report) contamination in Cave Springs Branch

and water in the Honey Creek Basin.

Potential sources of bacteria and nitrate in the area include

cultivated agriculture, livestock pasture, poultry production,

households, and wildlife. Poultry litter from local poultry production and poultry production in adjacent basins is spread to

fertilize hay fields in the Honey Creek Basin. Cattle and horses

graze throughout the area and many have access to Cave

Springs Branch. Treated wastewater from a poultry-processing

plant in Missouri, which includes some human wastewater from

plant employees, is discharged to Cave Springs Branch about

0.7 mile upstream of the state line (fig. 1). Household wastewater is disposed of on site in cesspools or septic systems,

although many of the soils in the basin are not rated as suitable

for onsite disposal by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (table

5, 1970). Wildlife, including deer, coyote, rabbit, turkey, and

waterfowl, also are potential sources of the contamination.

Presence of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcal bacteria

directly indicate fecal contamination and the potential for the

presence of other pathogenic organisms in a water supply. The

maximum contaminant level of total coliform bacteria in drinking water is one colony-forming unit per 100 milliliters (U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency, 1996).

Nitrate in drinking water poses health risks and may indicate the presence of additional contaminants. Nitrate is derived

from the natural breakdown of inorganic fertilizers, soils, and

animal wastes. Nitrate concentrations greater than 3 milligrams

per liter in ground water are commonly associated with agricultural land use and disposal of human wastes (Madison and Brunett, 1985). Drinking water with nitrate concentrations greater

than the recommended limit of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen can cause methemoglobinemia (“blue-baby” syndrome)

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996).

Purpose and Scope

This report describes results of a reconnaissance investigation of the hydrology, water quality, and sources of bacteria and

nutrient contamination in streams and ground water near Cave

Springs Branch of Honey Creek, and Honey Creek, in Delaware

County, Oklahoma, May 1999-March 2000. This report characterizes: (1) The hydrogeologic units in the region and the directions of ground- and surface-water flow with maps of watertable altitudes during greater and lower stream flow and maps

showing gaining and losing reaches of the streams; (2) the quality of water with diagrams comparing differences in water

chemistry and bacterial counts between streams and wells, and

tables describing the distribution of fecal bacteria, antibiotic

resistance in Escherichia coli, and ribotypes of Escherichia coli

in the ground and surface water; and (3) indications of probable

sources of bacteria and nitrate detected in the ground water.

Description of Study Area

The 34-square-mile study area is in the Ozark Plateau

physiographic province. The topography is characterized by

steep slopes bounding flat floodplains (fig. 2). A topographic

high 70 to 100 feet above the streams divides Cave Springs

Branch from Honey Creek.

The greatest amounts of precipitation in the study area

occur during March through May and September through October. January, February, July, and August typically have the least

precipitation. Fall 1997 and spring 1998 were unusually dry and

the spring 1999 rains did not end until late June (fig. 3). Honey

Creek and Cave Springs Branch generally respond rapidly to

precipitation in the stream basins (fig. 3). The two streams did

not rise after it rained heavily at the Mesonet site where the

Oklahoma Climatological Survey measures precipitation and

other weather characteristics near Jay, Oklahoma (latitude: 36°

28′ 54′′ N, longitude: 94° 46′ 59′′ W), possibly because those

storms were localized near the Mesonet site.

Previous Investigations

Previous investigations have indicated that ground water

near Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek (fig. 1) had been

contaminated by nitrate and bacteria. The State of Oklahoma

Department of Environmental Quality sampled Honey Creek,

Cave Springs Branch, and wells located within one-half mile of

Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek below the confluence

with Cave Springs Branch in June 1996 (Jon L. Craig, Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, written commun.,

August 27, 1996). Nineteen of 28 wells yielded water with

detectable total coliform bacteria. Ammonia was detected in

water samples from seven wells (0.17 to 0.29 milligram per

liter); five of those samples also tested positive for total

coliform. Nitrate was detected in water samples from 10 wells

(0.8 to 2.3 milligrams per liter), nine of which tested positive for

total coliform.

Later sampling of a larger network of wells confirmed contamination of ground water by nitrate, bacteria, and arsenic. The

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality sampled 55

wells on September 9-10, 1996, and detected bacteria and elevated nitrate concentrations. The water samples were analyzed

for counts of total coliform, Escherichia coli, fecal coliform,

and fecal streptococci bacteria, and concentrations of nitrate,

and arsenic (Jon L. Craig, Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, written commun., September 26, 1996). Thirtyone samples tested positive for total coliform. Five of those
Introduction 3

Springs

Branch

Creek

Honey Creek

Honey

Cave

O'Brien

Spring

Miller

Spring

Outfall

Poultry processing plant

36° 35 ́

34 ́

33 ́

32 ́

36° 31 ́

94° 42 ́ 41 ́ 40 ́ 39 ́ 38 ́ 37 ́ 36 ́ 35 ́ 94° 34 ́

T.

24

N

R. 24 E R. 25 E

T.

21

N

R. 34 W

South West City

Cave Springs

Branch gage

Honey Creek

gage

OKLAHOMA MISSOURI

Honey Creek basin

0

0 .5

.5

1

1

MILE

KILOMETER

EXPLANATION

Multi-house poultry

or egg farms

Small poultry farms

or hay barns

Intermittent stream

MISSOURI

OKLAHOMA

DELAWARE

COUNTY

MCDONALD

COUNTY

Base from 1:24,000 U.S. Geological Survey Dodge and South West City quadrangles,

Figure 1. Location of study area.
4 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000 21

N

OKLAHOMA MISSOURI

Poultry processing plant

Springs

Branch

Creek

Honey

Creek

Honey

Cave

6° 35 ́

34 ́

33 ́

32 ́

36° 31 ́

94° 42 ́ 41 ́ 40 ́ 38 ́ 37 ́ 36 ́ 35 ́ 94° 34 ́

T.

24

N

R. 24 E R. 25 E

T.

R. 34 W

00 .5

.5

1

1

MILE

KILOMETER

EXPLANATION

Multi-house poultry or egg farms

Small poultry farms or hay barns

Contour interval 10 feet

Intermittent stream

Projection US Albers, Map generated 01/18/2000 by USGS Base from digital raster graphic of the 1:24,000 Dodge and South West City quadrangles

Figure 2. Topography of the study area.
Introduction 5

O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J

1997 1998 1999 2000

0.1

3,000

1

10

100

1,000

DISCHARGE,

IN CUBIC FEET PER SECONDCave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri

O

N

D J F

M

A

M J J A

S

O

N

D J F

M

A

M J J A

S

O

N D J

1997 1998 1999

0.1

3,000

1

10

100

1,000

DISCHARGE,

IN CUBIC FEET PER SECONDHoney Creek near South West City, Missouri

O

N

D J F

M

A

M J J A

S

O

N

D J F

M

A

M J J A

S

O

N D J

1997 1998 1999

0

10

5

TOTAL DAILY PRECIPITATION, Jay Mesonet station near Jay

 IN INCHES

Figure 3. Total daily precipitation at the Jay Mesonet site near Jay Oklahoma, and discharge of Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek, near South West City, Missouri.
6 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

samples also tested positive for fecal coliform and four for

Escherichia coli. Water from one well had a nitrate concentration of 10 milligrams per liter and water from 13 wells had

nitrate concentrations exceeding 3 milligrams per liter. Thirtynine micrograms per liter of arsenic was detected in one well;

otherwise, arsenic concentration was less than 10 micrograms

per liter.

A fluorescein-tracer study conducted in 1998 by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Program indicated the existence of a hydrogeologic connection

between a poultry processing plant storm water basin and Miller

and O'Brien Springs (fig. 1) (Jerry L. Prewett, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Program, written commun., September 1998). Fluorescein tracer was visible

in Miller Spring less than 36 hours after injection into the basin

and was detected in O'Brien Spring within six days of the injection. Fluorescein tracer transport to Miller Spring was through

ground water. Fluorescein tracer transport to O'Brien Spring

may have been through both surface and ground water.

Stream discharge measurements made by the Missouri

Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Program

in December 1999, indicated that discharge from the poultryprocessing plant wastewater outfall was a substantial part of the

water in the stream and that stream discharge was lost to ground

water in a reach above the state-line gage (Ed Knight, Missouri

Department of Natural Resources, written commun., February

2000). Discharge was measured upstream of the poultry-plant

wastewater outfall and at four points downstream of the outfall

on five days during December 14-28, 1999. Discharge from the

outfall ranged from 0.97 to 2.23 cubic feet per second during

stream discharge measurements and 64 to 94 percent of stream

discharge below the outfall was attributable to discharge from

the outfall. Eight to 22 percent of stream discharge was lost to

ground water in a reach extending about 600 feet above the

state-line gage.

Water quality has been documented through water sampling and analysis of Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek at

the Oklahoma-Missouri state line by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board.

The U.S. Geological Survey has monitored bacteria and nutrient concentrations monthly at the state-line gage on Cave

Springs Branch from August 1997, to present (April 2000)

(August 1997 through September 1999 in table 7, at the back of

the report, Blazs and others, 1998, 1999, and 2000). Nitrate concentration was less than 15 milligrams per liter as nitrogen in

only three of 19 samples with concentrations as great as 117

milligrams per liter measured prior to March 1999. Since then,

nitrate concentrations have been less than 15 milligrams per

liter. The greatest nitrate concentration was measured in August

1998, when instantaneous stream discharge was less than 2

cubic feet per second. Total phosphorus concentration was less

than 0.66 milligram per liter in only two of 19 samples prior to

April 1999, with a greatest concentration of 9.33 milligrams per

liter. All 11 samples collected after April 1999 have had total

phosphorus concentrations less than 0.66 milligrams per liter.

The range of bacterial counts do not appear to have changed

since 1997. Counts of fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and

fecal streptococcal bacteria colonies ranged from fewer than 1

to an estimated 46,000 per 100 milliliters, estimated 2 to 24,000

per 100 milliliters, and estimated 28 to 38,000 colonies per 100

milliliters, respectively (fig. 4, Appendix 1). The greatest bacterial counts occurred during March and May 1999 when stream

discharge was greater than 20 cubic feet per second. Fecal

coliform, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococcal bacteria had

maximum counts of 2,400, 790, and 5,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively, during the remainder of the monitoring

period, when stream discharge was less than 10 cubic feet per

second.

Approach and Methods

The altitude of the water table was measured in streams

and domestic wells during the weeks of May 17 and August 23,

1999. Water-table altitudes were measured in 36 wells and at 21

stream sites (fig. 5, Appendix 2). Stream discharge was measured at 21 stream sites on May 19-20, 1999, and 19 stream sites

on August 24, 1999 (fig. 5, Appendix 2). Wells are reported to

be 32.35 to 456 feet deep, with about 40 feet of casing in deeper

wells and open-hole beneath (Ed Eckenstein, Oklahoma Water

Resources Board, written commun., March 25, 1999).

Altitudes were determined with the differential global

positioning system or topographic maps. Water-surface altitudes at seven stream sites on Cave Springs Branch and at sites

S.14, S.17, S.18, S.20, and S.21 on Honey Creek were determined to within 0.3 foot using the global positioning system.

Altitudes of the water table at site S.13 on Cave Springs Branch

and sites S.15, S.16, and S.19 along Honey Creek were determined to within 5.0 feet based on 7.5-minute U.S. Geological

Survey topographic maps. One well near Cave Springs Branch

(W.13) had a continuous water-level recorder installed to monitor changes in water-table altitude in response to changes in

stream altitude. The altitude of the well measuring point was

determined using the global positioning system to within 0.3

foot at sites W.5, W.11, W.13, W.18, W.21, W.25, W.28, and

W.31 because measurements at those sites indicated the watertable altitude was near or below the stream altitude. Altitudes at

additional sites W.19, W.20, W.22, W.33, W.34, and W.35 also

were determined to within 0.3 foot. The altitude was read from

7.5-minute U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps for other

locations, because water-table altitude appeared to be more than

5 feet above the nearest stream altitude site. Altitude of the

water table was determined from the altitude of the measuring

point at top of the well with a steel tape.

Well-water levels were considered stable when measurements taken at 5-minute intervals were equal. Water levels at

sites W.6, W.9, W.11, W.21, W.32, and W.35 did not stabilize

and were recovering at a decreasing rate of about 0.01 foot per

five minutes at the time of measurement, so static water levels

may have been somewhat greater at those sites. The slow recovery in those wells may indicate they are open to less permeable

parts of the aquifer system. Water level at site W.3 did not sta-
Introduction 7

S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

1997 1998 1999

1

100,000

10

100

1,000

10,000

FECAL COLIFORM BACTERIA,

IN COLONIES PER 100 MILLILITERS

EXPLANATION

Cave Springs Branch gage

Honey Creek gage

S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

1997 1998 1999

1

100,000

10

100

1,000

10,000

ESCHERICHIA COLI,

IN COLONIES PER 100 MILLILITERS

S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

1997 1998 1999

DATE

10

100,000

20

50

100

200

500

1,000

2,000

5,000

10,000

20,000

50,000

FECAL STREPTOCOCCI, IN

COLONIES PER 100 MILLILITERS

S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

1997 1998 1999

1

1,000

2

5

10

20

50

100

200

500

INSTANTANEOUS DISCHARGE,

IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND

Figure 4. Stream discharge and fecal indicator bacteria in Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek water samples August

1997 through September 1999.
8 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

1 2 3 4

10 9 8 7 12

31 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 13

16 15 14 13

22 21 20 19 24

21 22 23 24

27 28 29 30 25

28 27 26 25

34 33 32 31 36

Honey

Creek

Springs

Branch

Honey

Creek

Cave

36° 35 ́

34 ́

33 ́

32 ́

36° 31 ́

94° 42 ́ 41 ́ 40 ́ 39 ́ 38 ́ 37 ́ 36 ́ 35 ́ 94° 34 ́

T.

24

N

R. 24 E R. 25 E

T.

21

N

R. 34 W

Poultry processing plant

South West City

OKLAHOMA MISSOURI

00 .5

.5

1

1

MILE

KILOMETER

EXPLANATION

Base from 1:24,000 U.S. Geological Survey Dodge and South West City quadrangles,

Outfall

O'BrienSpring

S.21

S.6

S.5

S.13

S.15

S.18

S.19

S.1

S.7

S.16

S.8

S.9

S.12

S.14

W.21

W.2

W.1

W.8

W.12

W.16

W.19 W.22

W.23

W.24

W.26

W.30

W.33

W.34

W.14

W.13

W.4

W.25

W.15

W.36

W.7

W.9

W.27

W.32

W.3

W.20

S.2

S.3

S.17

S.20

S.10

S.11

S.4

W.11

W.17

W.29

W.35

W.5

W.6

W.18

W.31

W.10

W.28

Projection US Albers, Map generated 11/02/1999 by USGS

Measured stream site withsite number S.21 Measured and sampled stream site with site number S.20Measured well with site number W.5 Measured and sampled well with site number W.5

Intermittentstream

Figure 5. Locations of water-table measurements and sampling sites.
Introduction 9

bilize during the August measurement because of intermittent

pumping during measurement.

Wells were selected for contouring of the water-table surface based on the altitude of the well bottom and nearly stable

water level. Well-water levels for W.11, W.17, W.18, W.21,

W.33, and W.35 were not used because the altitudes of the bases

of the wells were below 600 feet, whereas the bottoms of other

measured wells had base altitudes above 750 feet. Deeper wells

may be completed in a deeper flow system, which may be isolated from the flow system tapped by shallower wells. The

August water-level measurement for site W.3 was not used

because the water level was not stable.

Locations of gaining and losing reaches in the streams

were determined by measuring the discharge in Cave Springs

Branch and Honey Creek at intervals along the streams. Stream

discharge was measured using stream-gaging techniques

described in Buchanan and Somers (1969) and Carter and

Davidian (1968). Individual or combined intervals where measured discharge decreased by 10 percent or more were considered to be losing reaches. The threshold of 10 percent was

selected because that is the accuracy of the measurement technique (Carter and Davidian, 1968).

Seventeen water-sampling sites were selected from the 56

sites where water-table altitude was measured (fig. 5) based on

the directions of ground-water flow and on distribution of contaminants reported in earlier studies by the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. Seven sites were on Cave

Springs Branch and Honey Creek and 10 sites were wells. Six

of the seven stream sampling sites (S.2, S.3, S.4, S.10, S.11, and

S.20) were located on Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek

in areas that previous studies had indicated were contaminated.

The seventh stream sample (S.17) was collected from Honey

Creek upstream of any suspected influence from Cave Springs

Branch as a background sample.

Seven of the 10 wells selected for sampling (W.6, W.10,

W.11, W.17, W.29, W.31, and W.35) were located on topographically high areas hydraulically upgradient from the

stream. Wells W.11 and W.17 were open to deeper parts of the

aquifer system (below 600 feet in altitude) and were not used to

construct the water-table map because they had water levels

higher than water table altitudes. The higher water-table, however, indicates W.11 and W.17 were upgradient of the streams,

contrary to the water-table altitude for shallower parts of the

aquifer in the same area. Two of the upgradient wells (W.6 and

W.31) had bacterial contamination in the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality study. The other five wells

(W.10, W.11, W.17, W.29, and W.35) were believed to be

background wells, based on bacteria and nutrient data available

at that time. Three wells (W.5, W.18, and W.28) were located

near Cave Springs Branch, where ground water may be most

susceptible to contamination by stream water.

Water samples were collected during August 1999 to

determine the chemical composition of stream and ground

water. Two additional samples were collected during March

2000 at the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall and site

S.2 to determine whether the outfall could be a source of

organic chemicals, sodium, chloride, and nutrients in samples

previously collected in August 1999. Wells were purged of

water by pumping until two equivalent values were determined

for specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved

oxygen concentration prior to sampling to ensure that water was

representative of water quality in the aquifer. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and alkalinity

were determined at the sample site with calibrated portable

electronic meters. These physical properties for streams were

measured by sensors placed in the stream and for wells by sensors inserted in a flow-through cell. Alkalinity was measured by

incremental titration (Wells and others, 1990, p. 53-56). Water

samples were collected and preserved using techniques

described in Wilde and Radtke (1998) (table 1). Stream samples

were collected at equal width increments along cross-sections

and were composited in Teflon® churn splitters. Filtered wellTable 1. Field procedures used in the Honey Creek basin for collection and preservation of water samples for laboratory analysis

[dissolved, concentration in filtered sample or method detects only dissolved part; total, total recoverable concentration including suspended and colloidal solids; °C, degrees Celsius]

Constituents Filter type used Collection-bottle type Preservation method

Major cations, iron and manganese, dissolved0.45-micrometer cartridge

filter

250-milliliter acid-rinsed

polyethylene

 Nitric acid to pH 2 or less

Major anions, dissolved Unfiltered 250-milliliter polyethylene Chill to 4°

C

Major anions and water properties Filtered 500-milliliter polyethylene Chill to 4°

C

Nutrients, total Unfiltered 125-milliliter polyethylene Sulfuric acid to pH less than 2, chill to 4°

C

Nutrients, dissolved 0.45-micrometer cartridge

filter

125-milliliter amber polyethyleneChill to 4°

C

Arsenic 0.45-micrometer cartridge

filter

250-milliliter acid-rinsed

polyethylene

Nitric acid to pH 2 or less

Selenium 0.45-micrometer cartridge

filter

500-milliliter acid-rinsed

polyethylene

Ultrex nitric acid to pH 2 or less

Stable isotopes of hydrogen and

oxygen

Unfiltered 60-milliliter glass with polyseal capNone

Wastewater indicator compounds Unfiltered 1 liter amber glass with

Teflon® seal cap

Chill to 4°

C
10 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark PlaδD in permil

Deuterium/ Hydrogen ) 1

sample Deuterium/ Hydrogen ) 1

 standard  – 



Deuterium/ Hydrogen 1 ) ( standard

= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1000

δ O in permil 18 Oxygen 18 / Oxygen ) 16

sample Oxygen/ 18 Oxygen ) 16

 standard  – 



Oxygen/ 18 Oxygen 16 ) ( standard

= --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1000

water samples were collected through 0.45-micrometer poresize cartridge filters and precleaned polyethylene tubing

attached directly to faucets located between the well pump and

pressure tank, so the pressure tank did not affect water properties or chemistry. Unfiltered samples were collected directly

from the same faucet. Faucets were swabbed with methanol

prior to collection of samples for bacterial counts to kill any

bacteria that may have been on the faucet.

Samples were collected during August 1999 for laboratory

determination of major cations and anions; nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients; trace elements including iron, manganese,

arsenic, and selenium; stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen;

and organic wastewater-indicator components. Two samples

were collected during March 2000 for laboratory determination

of the same components except arsenic and stable isotopes of

hydrogen and oxygen. Laboratory determinations, except those

for selenium, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, and bacterial antibiotic resistance and ribonucleic acid ribotyping, were

done at the U.S. Geological Survey

National Water Quality Laboratory in Lakewood, Colorado, using methods described in Fishman and Friedman (1989)

or Jones and Garbarino (1999). Selenium concentrations were

determined at a U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory in Menlo

Park, California, with a Perkin Elmer Elan 6000 inductively

coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Prior to analysis, a 10-milliliter aliquot of each sample was adjusted to 2 percent acidity

with nitric acid distilled in Teflon®, and was amended with a

known quantity of germanium as an internal standard. The U.S.

Geological Survey Water Quality Laboratory in Reston, Virginia, determined hydrogen-isotope-activity ratios using a

hydrogen equilibration technique at 30 degrees Celsius (Coplen

and others, 1991). Oxygen-isotope ratios were measured using

the carbon dioxide equilibration technique at 25 degrees Celsius

(Epstein and Mayeda, 1953).

Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules can be used as natural tracers of water sources. The most

common stable hydrogen isotopes are 1hydrogen—with one

proton in the nucleus—and 2hydrogen or deuterium—with one

proton and one neutron in the nucleus. The most common stable

oxygen isotopes are 16oxygen and 18oxygen. About one in 500

oxygen atoms in water are 18oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios are reported as delta values (δD and δ18O) relative to

a standard ratio, Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water

(VSMOW) as shown above.

Delta values for hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of precipitation plot along a straight line known as the regional meteoric

line. Delta values of isotopes shift slightly when precipitation

infiltrates the ground, because water reacts with soil gases and

minerals. The slope of a line of delta values for ground-water

samples, known as the regional ground-water line, generally

parallels the regional meteoric line, which has not been determined for this area.

The proportion of heavier isotopes relative to lighter isotopes changes in water through evaporation. Evaporation

enriches concentrations of heavier isotopes in water because

water composed of lighter isotopes evaporates more readily.

Water in lakes, ponds, and lagoons generally are more enriched

with heavier isotopes than water in streams because of

increased evaporation. Aeration in lagoons also increases evaporation. Delta values for isotopes of water depleted by evaporation will be greater than those of ground water, plotting to the

right of the regional ground-water line.

Water samples collected in August 1999 for organic

wastewater indicator compound determination were extracted

with methylene chloride using continuous liquid-liquid extraction. The extracts were concentrated, then analyzed by selected

ion monitor gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the

determination of the compounds listed in table 2. Concentrations of additional compounds including 17 beta-estradiol (hormone) and stigmastanol (fecal indicator) and cotinine (a breakdown product of nicotine) were measured in water samples

collected during March 2000. The National Water Quality Laboratory in Lakewood, Colorado, analyzed a reagent water blank

and reagent water spike with each set of samples to monitor

method performance as part of quality control.
Introduction 11

Table 2. List of wastewater indicator compounds and uses

Compound Compound

Detergent metabolites Pharmaceutical and food

Para-nonylphenol Caffeine (stimulant)

NPEO1 (Nonylphenol ethoxylate-1 Codeine (analgesic)

NPEO2 (Nonylphenol ethoxylate1-2 Plasticizers and polymer precursors

Octylphenol, monoethoxylate Bisphenol-A (polymer precursor)

Octylphenol, diethoxylate Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

Nonylphenol (detergent metabolite) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Disinfectants Ethanol, 2-butoxy-phosphate

Phenol Tributyl phosphate

Triclosan Triphenyl phosphate

Fecal indicators Phthalic anhydride (plastic precursor)

3-Beta-coprostanol (carnivore fecal indicator) Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Cholesterol Anthracene

Fire retardants Benzo(a)pyrene

Tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate Fluoranthene

Tri(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate Phenanthrene

Flavoring agent Pyrene

Benzaldehyde Preservatives

Fragrance Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Acetophenone Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)

Fumigants 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol

1,2-Dichlorobenzene Para-cresol (wood preservative)

1,3-Dichlorobenzene 2,6-Di-tert-parabenzoquinone (antioxidant)

1,4-Dichlorobenzene Solvents and degreasers

Naphthalene (also a Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon) Ethyl acetate, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)

Pesticides Tetrachloroethylene

Carbaryl

Chlorpyrifos

Cis-chlordane

Diazinon

Dieldrin

Lindane

Methyl parathion
12 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

Fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococcal

bacteria were cultured to characterize the distribution of these

bacteria in the basin. Water samples for bacterial evaluation

were chilled upon collection and were filtered and cultured

within 6 hours. Counts of fecal coliform, presumptive Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococcal bacteria were obtained within

48 hours of collection by filtration methods described in Wilde

and Radtke (1998).

Isolates of individual colonies of the presumptive Escherichia coli from water samples were made and analyzed at the

University of Oklahoma at Norman, Oklahoma, to verify that

the isolates were Escherichia coli and to determine the strain

and antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. Colonies of the presumptive Escherichia coli from filter plates from the water samples were streaked on eosine-methylene blue agar (Difco® no.

0076-17) at the Department of Botany and Microbiology at the

University of Oklahoma. Plates yielding flat isolated colonies

with a metallic green sheen (presumptive for Escherichia coli)

were stocked on tryptic soy agar (Difco® no. 0369-17-6). Bacterial strains were identified using the BIOLOG®, Micrology

System (Solit, 1999), which is based on metabolism of 93 substrates on a single test plate (Grimont and others, 1996, Fredrickson and others, 1991). Plated isolates of presumptive

Escherichia coli bacteria were tested by the standardized single

disk method (Bauer and others 1966) for resistance to ampicillin (2 micrograms and 10 micrograms), carbenicillin (100

micrograms), cefaclor (30 micrograms), chloramphenicol (30

micrograms), ciprofloxacin (5 micrograms), erythromycin (15

micrograms), gentamicin (10 micrograms), nalidixic acid (30

micrograms), tetracycline (30 micrograms), and trimethoprim

(5 micrograms).

Fecal samples were collected from multiple sources in the

basin for use in comparing to the Escherichia coli ribonucleic

acid (RNA) ribotypes of bacteria in samples from streams and

wells. A ribotype match would indicate that the contamination

was from that animal type within the basin. Twenty cow, 28

chicken, seven dog, eight horse or mule, six deer, two coyote

and 34 human fecal source samples were collected from the

basin. Animal-manure samples were collected using a sterile

plastic bag. Escherichia coli was cultured from three septic

tanks in the area by lowering a sterile sampling loop into waste

and plating an environmental streak on eosine-methylene blue

agar plates. The plates were incubated 3 to 5 days at ambient

temperature. Iridescent colonies (presumptive Escherichia coli)

were subcultured on eosine-methylene blue agar. Manure samples and cultures were stored and shipped at 4-degrees Celsius

to the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, and the

University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, for analysis.

Isolates of Escherichia coli bacteria from sites S.2, S.3,

S.4, S.10, S.11, and W.31 were sent to the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, for ribotyping using denaturing

gradient gel electrophoresis method. Washington State University, Seattle, Washington, produced fragments of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) for ribotyping from the Escherichia coli isolates. The fragments were resolved by agarose gel

electrophoresis and then transferred onto a nitran filter by blotting in a high salt solution. The filters were baked at 80 degrees

Celsius for 1 hour to denature the double stranded DNA into

single strands. The DNA on the filters was then hybridized with

ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) that was tagged with radioactive phosphate-labeled d-cytidine triphosphate, while incubating for 30 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. The radioactively

tagged rRNA binds to single stranded DNA containing segments of the rRNA operon. The filters were washed, dried and

exposed to X-ray film at -70 degrees Celsius to create an autoradiogram of the DNA banding that was produced during electrophoresis. The banding patterns on the autoradiograms were

converted to an alphanumeric code and were compared with a

computer data base of banding patterns representing bacteria

from animal sources, including ribotypes for source samples

collected from the basin. Autoradiograms for potential matches

from the data base were then compared directly to the sample

autoradiograms to confirm matches.

Acknowledgments

Thanks are extended to Jon Criger for use of his well for

monitoring ground-water levels. Thanks are extended to Robert

Fabian, Oklahoma Water Resources Board, and Glen Jones,

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, for providing

drillers’ logs and bacteria data from the Cave Springs Branch

area. Thanks are extended to the well and land owners who

allowed access to the stream and their wells for sampling and

water-level measurement.

Hydrology

Ground water in the area is from the Ozark Plateau aquifer

system, which includes the Springfield Plateau aquifer, the

Ozark confining unit, and the Ozark aquifer. Most wells in the

study area are open to the Springfield Plateau aquifer. Some

deeper wells extend through the underlying Ozark confining

unit into the Ozark aquifer.

The Springfield Plateau aquifer includes the Moorefield

Formation, the Keokuk Limestone, and the Reeds Spring and

the St. Joe Limestone members of the Boone Formation of Mississippian age (Marcher and Bingham, 1971, Imes and Emmett,

1994). Units of the Springfield Plateau aquifer crop out over the

entire study area (fig. 6) and are 195 to 400 feet thick in the

study area. The Moorefield Formation crops out in small areas

in the northwestern part of the study area and does not supply

water to wells. The Keokuk Limestone and the Boone Formation are coarse-grained limestones with abundant chert.

Ground-water flow and dissolution of limestone is along fractures, joints, and bedding planes.

The Springfield Plateau aquifer yields small to moderate

amounts of water suitable for most uses (Marcher and Bingham,

1971). Imes and Emmett (1994) reported that near the study

area, calcium bicarbonate type water is produced from this

aquifer, with 200 to 300 milligrams per liter dissolved solids.
Hydrology 13

A

A ́ Honey

Creek

Springs Branch

Honey

Creek

Cave

36° 35 ́

34 ́

33 ́

32 ́

36° 31 ́

94° 42 ́ 41 ́ 40 ́ 39 ́ 38 ́ 37 ́ 36 ́ 35 ́ 94° 34 ́

T.

24

N

R. 24 E R. 25 E

T.

21

N

R. 34 W

OKLAHOMA MISSOURI

0

0 .5

.5

1

1

MILE

KILOMETER

EXPLANATION

Keokuk Limestone and Boone Formation

Moorefield Formation

Geology from 1:250,000 Tulsa Quadrangle, Marcher and Bingham, 1971, and

Imes and Emmet, 1994

Intermittent stream

Spring

Figure 6. Geology of the study area and location of section A-A’ shown in figure 7.
14 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

The Ozark confining unit within the study area consists of

20 to 60 feet of Chattanooga Shale of Devonian age (fig. 7). The

unit restricts flow of ground water between the Springfield Plateau aquifer and the underlying Ozark aquifer.

The Ozark aquifer tapped by wells in the study area comprises up to 600 feet of undifferentiated limestones of the Fernvale, Viola, and Fite Limestones, and Tyner Formation of

Ordovician age (Marcher and Bingham, 1971, and Imes and

Emmett, 1994). A few deeper wells intercept the Burgen Sandstone of Ordovician age.

The limestones of the Ozark aquifer produce small

amounts of fair to poor quality water in northeastern Oklahoma

(Marcher and Bingham, 1971). Imes and Emmett (1994)

reported that the quality of water produced from this limestone

near the study area is good and is a sodium calcium bicarbonate

type with less than 300 milligrams per liter dissolved solids.

Water from the Ozark aquifer in Ottawa County, north of the

study area, commonly contains hydrogen sulfide gas that might

be derived from the overlying Chattanooga Shale (Reed and

others, 1955, p. 44).

Rapid infiltration rates are common in soils that overlie the

Springfield Plateau aquifer. Infiltration rates of 1.1 to 30 inches

per hour were indicated by percolation-rate tests done to determine the adequacy of a soil for treatment of wastewater discharged from wastewater system lateral lines (Mike Hixon,

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, written commun., February 1, 2000). Infiltration rates for most soils in the

study area were greater than 6 inches per hour.

Ground water in the study area is rapidly recharged by precipitation. Water-table altitudes in the Cave Springs Branch

basin change rapidly in response to precipitation when basin

soils are moist, as in May and June 1999 (fig. 8). Effects of precipitation on ground-water levels and streamflow were less,

however, after the dry period from July through November

1999 (fig. 8). The water table rose only a small amount after the

first precipitation event in December, probably because dry soil

and rock above the water table absorbed much of the water. The

water-level increase was greater in response to the second precipitation event in December, possibly because the soil and rock

above the water table were saturated from the previous event.

The increase in stream stage was the same for both precipitation

events. Water-table altitude varied in response to precipitation.

The ground-water table beneath hills was higher in May 1999,

when precipitation was plentiful than in August 1999 after a

period of little precipitation (figs. 9 and 10).

In general, the direction of ground-water flow in the study

area is east to west (figs. 9 and 10), however, ground water in

the study area is hydraulically connected to Cave Springs

Branch and Honey Creek and flow is locally controlled by the

streams. The water table in the study area generally was a subdued replica of the land surface, with the exception of a region

between Honey Creek and Cave Springs Branch that extends

about 1.75 miles upstream of the Honey Creek-Cave Springs

Branch confluence (figs. 9 and 10). The water-table altitude in

the Springfield Plateau aquifer was lower than the stage of Cave

Springs Branch in that region but was higher than the stage of

Honey Creek. This distribution of water-table altitudes indicates that some of the water from Cave Springs Branch may

flow through the Springfield Plateau aquifer in this region and

discharge into Honey Creek.

About one-third of the average flow in Cave Springs

Branch at the state line appears to be discharge from the poultry-processing plant. Mean annual discharge for 1998 through

1999 in Cave Springs Branch at the Oklahoma-Missouri stateline gage was 7.04 cubic feet per second and was 49.4 cubic feet

per second in Honey Creek below the confluence of the streams

(Appendix 1) (Blazs and others, 2000). Permitted mean daily

discharge from the poultry-processing plant is 2.48 cubic feet

per second (Richard Laux, Missouri Department of Natural

Resources, oral commun., May 3, 2000) indicating that, on

average, wastewater effluent from the outfall could be as much

as 35 percent of Cave Springs Branch discharge at the state line.

Wastewater effluent from the plant can be as much as 94 percent of stream discharge below the outfall (Ed Knight, Missouri

Department of Natural Resources, written commun., February

2000). The actual percentage of discharge may have been more

or less because stream loss has been measured in a reach that

extends about 600 feet above the state-line gage. This stream

loss would account for low flows during August 1998, when

stream discharge was less than 2 cubic feet per second.

Flow was nearly absent in Cave Springs Branch above

O'Brien Spring during August because 62 percent of stream discharge was lost to ground water in the reach extending from S.2

to S.3 (fig. 11). Discharge from O'Brien Spring produced most

of the streamflow below the spring during August. Fluorescein

dye-tracer studies by the Missouri Department of Natural

Resources have shown that O'Brien Spring is hydraulically connected to the poultry-processing plant storm-water basin previously used for wastewater retention and located next to the

present lagoon (Jerry L. Prewett, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Program, written commun.,

September 1998).

The streams are hydraulically connected to the Springfield

Plateau aquifer. Stream discharges measured during May and

August indicate that Cave Springs Branch had a net gain of

water in the reach extending from S.1 to the confluence of Cave

Springs Branch and Honey Creek (fig. 11). The increase in

stream discharge indicates that discharge of ground water to the

stream exceeded the amount of water lost to ground water from

the stream. Lower water-table altitudes during August lengthened the reach where stream water probably flows from Cave

Springs Branch through the aquifer to Honey Creek (figs. 9 and

10).

Stream discharge decreased, however, over a number of

shorter reaches of Cave Springs Branch. These downstream

decreases in discharge indicate that water is flowing from the

stream into alluvial deposits or the Springfield Plateau aquifer

along the reach. The greatest decrease in stream discharge was

between sites S.2 and S.3 (fig. 11).

Losing reaches of Cave Springs Branch discharged water

to the alluvium or the Springfield Plateau aquifer (figs. 9 and

10). Some water left Cave Springs Branch and moved under the
Hydrology 15

920

-70

0

900800700600500400300200100

ELEVATION, IN FEET

White lime

Gray lime

Dark graylime

Shale

Brownishgray lime

Dark graylime

Light graylime

Gray lime

Brownishgraylime

Gray lime

Brownishgray lime

Gray lime

Various lime

Light graysand and lime

Keokuk

Boone

Chattanooga Shale

Mississippian Devonian Ordovician

Burgen Sandstone

Undivided Fernvale Limestone,

24N-25E-09 ABC

Overburden

940

900800700600500400300

200

196

24N-25E-20 CDD

Overburden

White lime

Light graylime

Gray limewith flint

Dark graylime

Shale

Gray limeBrownish

gray lime

Light graylime

Gray lime

Gray limewith flint

Mixed graylime

Brownishgray lime

935900800700600561

24N-25E-17 DDD

Overburden

Gray lime

Shale

Gray lime

Mixed graylime

882

800700600

592

24N-25E-17 DAD

Overburden

Gray lime

Shale

Mixed gray lime

Springfield Plateau aquifer

Ozark confining unit

Ozark aquifer

Cave Springs

Branch

Honey Creek

A A’

Viola Limestone, Fite Limestone,

and Tyner Formation

0 .5 1 MILE

10X Vertical exaggeration

Ozark Plateau aquifer system

Figure 7. Northeast-southwest section in the Ozark Plateau aquifer system using drillers’ logs along A-A’ (shown on figure6) showing the distribution of the Ozark confining unit.
16 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000 20 25 31 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 31 5 10 15 20 25 31 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 31 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 31 5 10 15 20 May June July August September October November December January 1999 2000 101520

HOURLY DEPTH TO WATER, IN FEET Measured hourly Estimated mean daily from intermittent data No Data Grove monitoring well: SE, NE, SE, corner of Section 11, T. 24 N., R. 25 E.

June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan

1999 2000

4

2

0

TOTAL DAILY PRECIPITATION, Rain event that affected the Cave Springs Branch flow Rain event that did not affect the Cave Springs Branch Jay Mesonet station

4

11

86

10

HOURLY GAGE HEIGHT, IN FEET Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri

May

IN INCHES

Figure 8. Hourly gage height for May 20, 1999, through January 25, 2000, at Cave Springs Branch gage near South West City, Missouri, hourly depth to water in the

Grove monitoring well, and daily total precipitation at the Jay Mesonet station.
Hydrology 17 Figure 9. Water-table altitudes based on measurements May 17–21, 1999.
18 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

Figure 10. Water-table altitudes based on measurements August 23–27, 1999.
Hydrology 19

0

0 .5

.5

1

1

MILE

KILOMETER

EXPLANATION

Stream site with discharge in cubic feet per second 17

Net losing reach that had 10 percent or greater discharge loss

over the shaded interval

3 2 1

9 10 12 7 8

31 10 11 12

17 16 15 13 18

16 15 14 13

21 22 24 19 20

22 23 24

27 29 28 25 30

28 27 26 25

34 32 33 36 31

Honey Creek

Springs Springs Branch

Honey Creek Cave

6° 35 ́

34 ́

33 ́

32 ́

36° 31 ́

94° 42 ́ 41 ́ 40 ́ 38 ́ 37 ́ 36 ́ 35 ́ 94° 34 ́

T.

24

N

R. 24 E R. 25 E

T.

21

N

R. 34 W

Poultry processing plant

South West City

OKLAHOMA MISSOURI

62

10.8

9.6

9.3

3.5

9.0 14

35

35

36

54

4.5

8.7

35

9.9

12

15

13

50 5.4

13 percent loss 13 percent loss

10 percent loss 10 percent loss

1

2

3

39 ́ (A)

Base from 1:24,000 U.S. Geological Survey Dodge and South West City quadrangles,

Projection US Albers, Map generated 01/25/2000 by USGS

3 2 1

9 10 12 7 8

31 10 11 12

17 16 15 13 18

16 15 14 13

21 22 24 19 20

22 23 24

27 29 28 25 30

28 27 26 25

34 32 33 36 31

Honey Creek

Springs Springs Branch

Honey Creek

Cave

6° 35 ́

34 ́

33 ́

32 ́

36° 31 ́

94° 42 ́ 41 ́ 40 ́ 38 ́ 37 ́ 36 ́ 35 ́ 94° 34 ́

T.

24

N

R. 24 E R. 25 E

T.

21

N

R. 34 W

Poultry processing plant Poultry processing plant

South West City South West City

OKLAHOMA MISSOURI

18

4.1

1.9

0.73

3.7 4.6

11

12

12

11

16 1.8

12

3.5

3.3

6.4

5.3

17 2.9

30 percent loss 30 percent loss

3

2

1

39 ́ (B)

S.13

S.1

Net gain from S.1 to S.13 = 9.5 cubic feet per second Net gain from S.1 to S.13 = 9.5 cubic feet per second

S.13

S.1

Net gain from S.1 to S.13 = 2.7 cubic feet per second Net gain from S.1 to S.13 = 2.7 cubic feet per second

62 percent loss 62 percent loss

11 percent loss 11 percent loss

62 percent loss 62 percent loss

31

Intermittent stream

Figure 11. Net gaining and losing stream reaches based on stream measurements made on (A) May 19-20, 1999, and

(B) August 24, 1999.
20 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

surface-drainage divide to discharge into Honey Creek (figs. 9

and 10). Contours of the May 1999 water table indicate groundwater flow parallels the losing reaches 1 and 2 (figs. 9 and 10).

Contours in the region surrounding losing reach 3 indicate that

water flowed south from Cave Springs Branch towards Honey

Creek.

Water Quality and Indicated Sources of

Bacteria and Nutrient Contamination

The following section describes and compares the water

quality of stream, spring and ground-water samples to determine whether Cave Springs Branch is different from Honey

Creek and ground water in the study area. Ground water upgradient of Cave Springs Branch also is compared with downgradient ground water to determine whether there are differences

that would indicate influence of Cave Springs Branch on downgradient ground-water quality or influence of land-based

sources of contamination on ground-water quality.

Water samples from the Cave Springs Branch study area

can be divided into five groups, based on sampling-site, watertable altitude, and relation to Cave Springs Branch:

Group 1 sample was collected from the poultryprocessing plant wastewater outfall (fig.

5),

Group 2 stream and spring samples were collected from Cave Springs Branch basin

and from Honey Creek below the confluence of the two streams (S.2, S.3, S.4,

S.10, S.11, and S.20) (fig. 5),

Group 3 sample was collected from Honey

Creek upstream from any potential

mixing with water from Cave Springs

Branch (S.17) (fig. 5),

Group 4 samples were collected from wells

upgradient of Cave Springs Branch and

Honey Creek (W.6, W.10, W.11, W.17,

W.29, W.31, and W.35) (fig. 5), and

Group 5 samples were collected from wells

downgradient from Cave Springs Branch

(W.5, W.18, and W.28) (fig. 5).

Cave Springs Branch, O'Brien Spring and Honey Creek

below the confluence appear to be affected by discharges from

Group 1. The Group 1 sample was of a sodium chloride type

with a specific conductance of 2,020 microsiemens, and had

substantially greater concentrations of magnesium, sodium,

potassium, chloride, sulfate, ammonia, and total organic nitrogen plus ammonia than stream and ground-water samples (figs.

12, 13 and 14, Appendix 3). Group 2 sample specific conductance values were between those of Group 1 and those of the

other three groups. Group 2 samples had the greatest concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfate of the stream

and ground water samples (figs. 13 and 14). Group 2 samples

were of a sodium calcium chloride bicarbonate type (fig. 14).

The high concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, and

sulfate in Group 2 samples likely are contributed by Group 1.

Calcium and bicarbonate alkalinity, primarily derived from dissolution of limestones in the basin, were present in lesser concentrations in Group 2 samples than in samples from the other

groups (figs. 12, 13, and 14).

Group 3 and ground water of Groups 4 and 5 were chemically similar, indicating that Honey Creek is mostly derived

from ground water from the north and south and that Cave

Springs Branch has little effect on downgradient ground water.

Water in Groups 3, 4, and 5 were calcium bicarbonate type with

similar specific conductance (figs. 12, 13, and 14). Specific

conductance, pH, bicarbonate alkalinity, and major-ion concentrations in Group 5 samples were similar to those of Group 4

samples, indicating that the quality of water from these downgradient wells is not substantially affected by water from Cave

Springs Branch (figs. 12, 13, and 14).

Background concentration of chloride in study area ground

water is about 1.5 milligrams per liter. Water from wells W.6,

W.10, and W.11, which were located upgradient of Cave

Springs Branch and Honey Creek, probably represents ground

water that is uncontaminated. Water from those wells contained

less than 3 milligrams per liter nitrate.

The elevated chloride concentration in Cave Springs

Branch, for which the arithmetic mean was 165 milligrams per

liter, was probably derived from the poultry-processing plant

and human and animal waste sources along the stream. Chloride

can be used as a tracer of water source because it tends to move

conservatively with water. Chloride does not react with minerals, and does not precipitate out except at concentrations much

greater than those in this area. Potential sources for chloride in

the basin include a small natural concentration in ground water,

animal wastes, human wastewater, and wastewater from the

poultry-processing plant. Chloride concentration in Cave

Springs Branch and O'Brien Spring were much greater than in

Honey Creek and ground water (fig. 13 and Appendix 3). Poultry-processing plant wastewater sampled from the outfall during March 2000, contained 384 milligrams of chloride per liter

(Appendix 3). Chloride load carried by Cave Springs Branch

decreased substantially with decreasing stream discharge

downstream of the outfall. The load of chloride introduced to

Cave Springs Branch during August 1999 by O'Brien Spring

was about 750 pounds per day less than that introduced by the

outfall during March 2000 (fig.15). Chloride load increased in

the reach downstream from O'Brien Spring to site S.10 (fig.15),

indicating a nonpoint source of chloride, such as fertilizer or

animal or human waste along this reach.

Water from three wells downgradient of Cave Springs

Branch with greater chloride concentrations may have had a

small percentage of water from Cave Springs Branch. The percentage of Cave Springs Branch water needed to increase

ground water chloride concentrations to those of water from

wells was calculated using a simple linear mixing model (table

3). The background chloride concentration of 1.5 milligrams
Water Quality and Indicated Sources of Bacteria and Nutrient Contamination 21

SITE NUMBER

0

2,500

1,000

2,000

MEASURED VALUE

EXPLANATION

Group 1--Outfall, March 2000

Group 2--Cave Springs Branch and

Honey Creek gage, August 1999

Group 3--Honey Creek upstream

of confluence, August 1999

Group 4--Upgradient wells,

August 1999

Group 5--Downgradient wells,

August 1999

Specific Conductance,

microsiemens per

centimeter

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 1

SITE NUMBER

6

9

7

8

pH, standard units

SITE NUMBER

0

15

5

10

Dissolved oxygen,

milligrams per liter

Outfall

S.2S.3S.4

S.10S.11S.20S.17

W.6

W.10W.11W.17W.29W.31W.35

W.5

W.18W.28

100

250

150

200

CONCENTRATION,

MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Total Hardness, as

calcium carbonate

Outfall

S.2S.3S.4

S.10S.11S.20S.17

W.6

W.10W.11W.17W.29W.31W.35

W.5

W.18W.28

100

200

150

Alkalinity, as

calcium

carbonate

Outfall

S.2S.3S.4

S.10S.11S.20S.17

W.6

W.10W.11W.17W.29W.31W.35

W.5

W.18W.28

0

1,200

500

1,000

Residue on

evaporation

Figure 12. Water properties in water samples collected in the Cave Springs Branch study area August 23-27, 1999, and

March 22, 2000, plotted by group in downstream order.
22 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

0

100

50

CONCENTRATION,

MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

EXPLANATION

Reporting limit--Values less than the

reporting limit are plotted at anarbitrary value

Group 1--Outfall 005, March 22, 2000Group 2--Cave Springs Branch and

Honey Creek gage, August 1999

Group 3--Honey Creek upstream

of confluence, August 1999

Group 4--Upgradient wells, August 1999Group 5--Downgradient wells, August 1999

Calcium

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 1

0

15

5

10

Magnesium

0

300

200100

Sodium

0

604020

Potassium

0

400

200

CONCENTRATION,

MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Chloride

0

200100

Sulfate

0.005

1

0.050.020.01

0.50.20.1

Ammonia

Outfall

S.2

S.3

S.4

S.10

S.11

S.20

S.17

W.6

W.10

W.11

W.17

W.29

W.31

W.31Dup W.35

W.5

W.18

W.28

SITE NUMBER

0

0.8

0.60.40.2

Total Organic Nitrogen

plus Ammonia

Outfall

S.2

S.3

S.4

S.10

S.11

S.20

S.17

W.6

W.10

W.11

W.17

W.29

W.31

W.31Dup W.35

W.5

W.18

W.28

SITE NUMBER

0

10

5

CONCENTRATION,

MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Nitrate

Outfall

S.2

S.3

S.4

S.10

S.11

S.20

S.17

W.6

W.10

W.11

W.17

W.29

W.31

W.31Dup W.35

W.5

W.18

W.28

SITE NUMBER

0

0.4

0.2

Orthophosphate

Outfall

S.2

S.3

S.4

S.10

S.11

S.20

S.17

W.6

W.10

W.11

W.17

W.29

W.31

W.31Dup W.35

W.5

W.18

W.28

SITE NUMBER

0

0.4

0.2

Total Phosphate

Figure 13. Major ion and nutrient concentrations in water samples collected in the Cave Springs Branch study area August 23–27, 1999, and March 22, 2000, plotted bygroup in downstream order.
Water Quality and Indicated Sources of Bacteria and Nutrient Contamination 23

W.6 W.10 W.17 W.29

W.5 W.28

W.31

W.18

W.11 W.35

Milliequivalents

per liter

Site number

EXPLANATION

Chloride

Bicarbonate

Sulfate

Sodium + potassium

Calcium

Magnesium

Group 4--Upgradient ground water

O’Brien Spring

S.10 S.11 S.20

Group 2--Cave Springs Branch

S.3

and Honey Creek

Gage

C

a

v

es S

pr ni gs Branch

Honey Creek

Group 5--Downgradient ground water

Group 1--Poultryprocessing

S.2

plant

wastewater

Outfall

S.17

S.4 Group 3

Honey

Creek

upstream

surface

water

Figure 14. Stiff diagrams of major-ion contents of the poultry processing plant outfall, surface water, and ground water in the

study area. The shape of the diagram in Group 3, Honey Creek upstream of Cave Springs Branch is the same as the shape of diagrams in Groups 4 and 5, because Honey Creek is fed by ground-water discharge. Cave Springs Branch also is fed by ground water,

but the discharge from Group 1 contributes magnesium, sodium and potassium, chloride, and sulfate and changes the chemistry of

Cave Springs Branch so the shape of the diagram is more like that for Group 1. S.20, Honey Creek below the confluence, is a mixture of the two waters, which the shape reflects.
24 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

OUTFALL 03-22-00

S.2 03-22-00S.2 08-20-99S.3 08-19-99S.4 08-19-99

S.10 08-17-99S.11 08-17-99S.20 08-18-99S.17 08-18-99

SITE NUMBER AND SAMPLING DATE

0

250

50

100

150

200

LOAD IN POUNDS PER DAY

Total nitrogen load

OUTFALL 03-22-00

S.2 03-22-00S.2 08-20-99S.3 08-19-99S.4 08-19-99

S.10 08-17-99S.11 08-17-99S.20 08-18-99S.17 08-18-99

SITE NUMBER AND SAMPLING DATE

0

15

5

10

Total phosphorus load

Orthophosphate load

OUTFALL 03-22-00

S.2 03-22-00S.2 08-20-99S.3 08-19-99S.4 08-19-99

S.10 08-17-99S.11 08-17-99S.20 08-18-99S.17 08-18-99

SITE NUMBER AND SAMPLING DATE

0

6,000

2,000

4,000

LOAD IN POUNDS PER DAY

Chloride load

Cave Springs Branch Honey Outfall Creek Cave Springs Branch Honey Outfall Creek

Cave Springs Branch Honey Outfall Creek

Group

 1

Group 2

Group

 3

Group

 1

Group 2 Group

 3

Group

 1

Group 2

Group

 3

Figure 15. Loads of chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate measured in Cave Springs Branch and

Honey Creek during August 1999 and March 2000.
Water Quality and Indicated Sources of Bacteria and Nutrient Contamination 25

Table 3. Estimated maximum percent of Cave Springs Branch water that may be contributing to

ground water from downgradient wells in the study area related to nitrate concentration

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; as N, as nitrogen]

Site Chloride,

(mg/L)

Percent

Cave Springs

Branch water1

1

Percent Cave Springs Branch water was estimated based on a

mean chloride concentration of 151 milligrams per liter of chloride

in Cave Springs Branch and 1.5 milligrams per liter in uncontaminated ground water

Nitrate,

(mg/L as N)

W.5 8.0 4.3 3.29

W.18 2.2 0.5 1.47

W.28 9.8 5.5 7.28

per liter was used to represent 0-percent Cave Springs Branch

water and the mean concentration of 165 milligrams per liter

chloride represented 100-percent Cave Springs Branch water.

Using this model, maximum percentages of Cave Springs

Branch water ranged from 0.5 to 5.5 percent of water from

Group 5 wells (W.5, W.18, and W.28) (table 3).

Chloride concentrations greater than 1.5 milligrams per

liter in water from upgradient wells may be from animal waste,

human wastewater, or other sources such as salt licks. Water

from most upgradient wells with elevated chloride concentrations also contained more than 3 milligrams per liter nitrate

(Appendix 2).

Ammonia, which is present primarily as the cation ammonium, is converted rapidly to nitrate in oxygen-rich water and

the increased concentration of nitrate at Group 2 site S.2 relative

to the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall probably

was, at least in part, the result of conversion of ammonia from

the outfall (fig. 13). The Group 1 sample contained the greatest

concentrations of ammonia and total organic nitrogen plus

ammonia than the samples collected during August 1999 (fig.

13). Nitrate concentration, however, was in the middle range of

concentrations in those other samples and was less than the concentration in most Group 2 samples.

Total organic nitrogen plus ammonia from the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall may have been a continuing

source of some of the nitrate downstream as the organic compounds were broken down. Small concentrations of ammonia

were detected at two sites and may have been from breakdown

of organic nitrogen compounds or from fertilizer or animal

waste along the stream (Appendix 3). Total organic nitrogen

plus ammonia concentration in Group 2 was similar to that of

the Group 1 sample at the state-line gage (S.2), and decreased

downstream. Nitrate concentrations in Group 2 samples were

greatest at site S.4 and decreased downstream. Neither ammonia nor total organic nitrogen plus ammonia were detected in

the Group 3 sample, indicating that the concentrations detected

in Group 2 were greater than background concentrations.

Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek contributed

approximately equal loads of nitrogen to Honey Creek below

the confluence and the greatest loads of nitrogen were introduced to Cave Springs Branch by the outfall and O'Brien Spring

(fig.15). Total nitrogen loads were less at Group 1 and at sites

S.2 and S.3 above O'Brien Spring than at O'Brien Spring, Cave

Springs Branch downstream of O'Brien Spring, and Honey

Creek above and below the confluence (fig.15). The greatest

nitrogen load entered Cave Springs Branch from O'Brien

Spring (S.4). Fluorescein dye-tracer studies by the Missouri

Department of Natural Resources indicated that O'Brien Spring

is hydraulically connected to the poultry-processing plant

storm-water basin. The large nitrogen load discharged by

O'Brien Spring compared to the load from the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall and the substantial chloride load in

O'Brien Spring may indicate that the spring also was in hydraulic connection with the poultry-processing plant wastewater

lagoon. Nitrogen load decreased downstream of O'Brien Spring

probably as a result of uptake by vegetation and bacterial processes. Nitrogen load at site S.20, Honey Creek below the confluence, was less than the combined loads at upstream sites S.11

in Cave Springs Branch and S.17 in Honey Creek, indicating

that nitrate was lost from both streams above the confluence.

Honey Creek carried a substantial load of nitrogen at site S.17,

probably derived from the South West City wastewater treatment plant, septic systems, and animal-waste runoff upstream

(fig.15).

Nitrate concentrations in Group 4 samples ranged from

0.38 to 4.60 milligrams per liter, indicating that there is an

upgradient source of ground-water nitrogen, such as animal

waste, fertilizer, or human waste. Ammonia tends to adsorb on

clay minerals or is converted to nitrate in ground water that contains dissolved oxygen, so that concentrations typically are
26 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

small in ground water. Ammonia was not detected in any of the

Group 4 samples. Total organic nitrogen plus ammonia concentrations varied considerably. The greatest concentration was

detected in one of the duplicate samples from W.31. There was

little total organic nitrogen plus ammonia in the other duplicate

sample from W.31, indicating that organic nitrogen may be

transported as suspended solids.

Nitrogen compounds in water from Group 5 may be from

Cave Springs Branch, fertilizers, animal waste, or human waste.

The greatest ammonia concentration detected in samples collected for this study was in sample W.5 of Group 5 (0.29 milligram per liter). All Group 5 samples contained relatively low

total organic nitrogen plus ammonia concentrations (fig. 13,

Appendix 3). Sample W.28 had the greatest nitrate concentration of all ground-water samples—7.9 milligrams per liter,

which is near the greatest concentration detected in Group 2

samples.

Substantial phosphorus concentrations in Group 2, which

were dominantly dissolved orthophosphate-phosphorus

(referred to in this report as orthophosphate), may have been

derived from the poultry-processing plant wastewater as well as

from animal or fertilizer sources along Cave Springs Branch

(figs. 13 and 15). Total phosphate from the outfall or other

sources may have reacted to form some of the orthophosphate

in the stream as indicated by the equilibration of the ratio of

total phosphorous load with orthophosphate load downstream.

O'Brien Spring introduced a substantial load of orthophosphate

to Cave Springs Branch, indicating that the spring probably carries some untreated animal wastewater or fertilizer (fig. 15).

Group 3 sample phosphate concentration was less than concentrations in Group 2 samples (fig. 13), indicating that concentrations in Group 2 probably are primarily from a source within the

Cave Springs Branch drainage.

Total phosphorus and orthophosphate loads increased in

the reach downstream from O'Brien Spring to site S.10 (fig.15),

indicating a nonpoint source of orthophosphate, such as fertilizer or animal or human waste along this reach. Total phosphorus and orthophosphate concentrations in Group 3 were similar

to concentrations in Group 4 and 5 samples.

Orthophosphate mobility is limited in ground water by

sorption on iron oxide surfaces; whereas, other less-soluble

forms of phosphorus may be transported in a suspended form.

Orthophosphate-phosphorus and total phosphorus concentrations in Group 4 and 5 ground-water samples were less than

0.06 milligram per liter. Most orthophosphate concentrations

were less than the detection limit of 0.01 milligram per liter;

however, orthophosphate was detected in water form wells

W.10, W.28, and W.31, with similar or slightly greater concentrations of total phosphorus. The greatest orthophosphate concentrations were in water from W.28 and W.31. The greatest

nitrate concentration measured in this investigation was in

water from W.28. Escherichia coli bacteria in water from W.31

(table 3 and Appendix 3), indicates that the water from this well

may be contaminated by animal or human waste, which also

may be an orthophosphate source. Total phosphorus concentration in water from wells W.17 and W.18, but no detectable

orthophosphate, indicates phosphorus is transported in a suspended form in the aquifer near these wells.

Iron and manganese concentrations were greater in Group

1 than in Groups 2 and 3 (fig. 16). High concentrations of dissolved oxygen (fig. 12) tend to cause these metals to precipitate

as metallic oxides. The Chattanooga Shale may be a source of

iron and manganese in ground water. Group 4 and 5 samples

contained < 10 to 96 micrograms per liter iron and < 3 to 22

micrograms per liter manganese (fig. 6 and Appendix 3), indicating that the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall and

Cave Springs Branch may not be the source of these elements

in ground water.

Dissolved arsenic and selenium can be associated with

contamination of water by chicken litter because these elements

are commonly used as feed additives to increase poultry growth

and are concentrated in chicken litter. Arsenic and selenium

concentrations were low (less than 3 micrograms per liter) in all

samples, indicating that if water had been contaminated by

chicken litter, arsenic and selenium concentrations were not

affected. Concentrations generally were less in Group 2 and 3

stream samples and greater in Group 4 and 5 ground-water samples. Group 1, which was collected during March 2000, was not

analyzed for arsenic or selenium due to the low concentrations

measured in samples collected during August 1999.

The types and concentrations of organic wastewater indicator compounds detected in Group 1 and Group 2 indicate that

the poultry-processing plant wastewater effluent may be the

source of many of these compounds in the stream. Organic

wastewater indicator compounds (table 2) in the Group 1 sample also were detected downstream in some Group 2 samples.

Group 1 was sampled during March 2000 and most of Group 2

was sampled during August 1999 (Appendix 4). Further monitoring would assist with determination of the persistence and

transport of organic wastewater indicator compounds discharged or emanating from the poultry-processing plant. Group

1 and Group 2 samples generally contained the greatest number

of organic compounds, particularly at the poultry-processing

plant wastewater outfall and at sites S.2 (the state-line gage) and

S.4 (O'Brien Spring) (fig. 17, Appendix 4). Dilution, sorption,

biodegradation, or precipitation reduced concentrations of

those compounds downstream. No organic wastewater indicator compounds were detected at site S.3, indicating that the

compounds had been removed from the stream channel, either

through loss to the aquifer or by physical processes listed previously. O'Brien Spring contained 6 of the 12 compounds

detected in the outfall, plus fluoranthene and napthalene

(Appendix 4). The lack of organic wastewater indicator compounds at site S.3 and the variety of compounds in O'Brien

Spring reiterate the possibility of a connection between O'Brien

Spring and the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall or

lagoon.

The presence of organic wastewater indicator compounds

in Honey Creek, which receives discharge of treated wastewater

from South West City, Missouri, indicates some influence by

human wastewater. Only two organic wastewater indicator

compounds, caffeine and pyrene, were detected in sample S.20.
Water Quality and Indicated Sources of Bacteria and Nutrient Contamination 27

0

100

50

CONCENTRATION,

MICROGRAMS PER LITER

EXPLANATION

Reporting limit--Values less than the reporting

limit are set to an arbitrary value

Group 1--Outfall, March 22, 2000

Group 2--Cave Springs Branch and

Honey Creek gage, August 1999

Group 3--Honey Creek upstream

of confluence, August 1999

Group 4--Upgradient wells,

August 1999

Group 5--Downgradient wells,

August 1999

Iron

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group

 5

Group 1

Outfall

S.2S.3S.4

S.10S.11S.20S.17

W.6

W.10W.11W.17W.29W.31

W.31Dup W.35

W.5

W.18W.28

SITE NUMBER

0

100

50

Manganese

Outfall

S.2S.3S.4

S.10S.11S.20S.17

W.6

W.10W.11W.17W.29W.31

W.31Dup W.35

W.5

W.18W.28

SITE NUMBER

0

3

1

2

Arsenic

Outfall

S.2S.3S.4

S.10S.11S.20S.17

W.6

W.10W.11W.17W.29W.31

W.31Dup W.35

W.5

W.18W.28

SITE NUMBER

0

3

1

2

CONCENTRATION,

MICROGRAMS PER LITER

Selenium

Figure 16. Minor and trace element concentrations in water samples collected in the Cave Springs Branch study area August

23-27, 1999, and March 22, 2000, plotted by group in downstream order.
28 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

1 2 3 4

10 9 8 7 12

31 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 13

16 15 14 13

22 21 20 19 24

21 22 23 24

27 28 29 30 25

28 27 26 25

34 33 32 31 36

Honey

Creek

Springs

Branch

Honey

Creek

Cave

36° 35 ́

34 ́

33 ́

32 ́

36° 31 ́

94° 42 ́ 41 ́ 40 ́ 39 ́ 38 ́ 37 ́ 36 ́ 35 ́ 94° 34 ́

T.

24

N

R. 24 E R. 25 E

T.

21

N

R. 34 W

Poultry processing plant

South West City

OKLAHOMA MISSOURI

00 .5

.5

1

1

MILE

KILOMETER

EXPLANATION

Base from 1:24,000 U.S. Geological Survey Dodge and South West City quadrangles,

Outfall

19 O'Brien Spring S.2

S.3

S.10

S.17

S.20

S.4

S.11

W.5

W.10

W.11

W.17

W.28

W.29

W.35

W.6

W.31

W.18

17

0

3

3

2

3

1

3

2

2

1

3

8

0

2

2

2

Projection US Albers, Map generated 04/27/2000 by USGS

Sampled stream site with site number (small text) andnumber of organic wastewater indicator compounds detected (large text)

16

S.2

Sampled well with site number (small text) andnumber of organic wastewater indicator compounds detected (large text)

3W.5

Intermittentstream

Figure 17. Numbers of organic wastewater indicator compounds detected in stream and ground water.
Water Quality and Indicated Sources of Bacteria and Nutrient Contamination 29

The caffeine in S.20 (Honey Creek below the confluence) may

be from septic tanks around the site, or from the South West

City wastewater treatment plant outflow to Honey Creek.

Organic wastewater indicator compounds detected in

water from Group 4 wells, other than W.6, indicate water from

these wells is influenced by human wastewater.

Organic wastewater indicator compounds detected in

Group 5 samples also were detected in Group 1 and Group 2,

indicating Group 5 wells may receive some water that originally

came from the outfall. Sample W.5 of Group 5, contained fragrance (acetophenone), and two compounds associated with

plastics or polymers [bisphenol A and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate]. The fragrance (acetophenone), also detected in Cave

Springs Branch, may indicate a link between Cave Springs

Branch and ground water near that well. Well W.5 was installed

about one month prior to sampling, and the plastics or polymers

may have been related to materials used in the pump or in well

construction. Sample W.18 contained a plasticizer [bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] and a preservative (para-cresol) (Appendix 4).

Para-cresol also was detected in Cave Springs Branch just

upstream of W.18, possibly indicating connection between

Cave Springs Branch and W.18.

Delta values for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in

samples from Cave Springs Branch, O'Brien Spring, and Honey

Creek below the confluence (Group 2) are different from samples of water from Honey Creek (Group 3) and wells (Groups 4

and 5). The differences were not great enough to quantify the

percentage of surface water in downgradient well samples. Isotope ratios were not determined for the poultry-processing plant

wastewater outfall (Group 1). Isotopic ratios in Group 2 samples downstream of the outfall indicate evaporation, most of

which may have taken place in the wastewater lagoons as indicated by the decrease in isotopic enrichment downstream (fig.

18). Delta values for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

indicate that the greatest amount of evaporation had occurred

from O'Brien Spring water indicating the spring likely receives

some water from lagoons or ponds. The Group 3 delta value

plots along the regional ground-water line, indicating a primarily ground-water component in Honey Creek, with a nominal

component affected by evaporation, possibly from municipal

wastewater lagoons at South West City. Delta values for Group

5 samples are not shifted from the regional ground-water line,

indicating limited mixing with water from Cave Springs

Branch. If the percentage of Cave Springs Branch water in those

wells is 0.5 to 5.5 percent, the effect on the isotopic ratios would

be undetectable within the error of measurement.

Fecal coliform bacteria colony counts were least in wells

(Groups 4 and 5), intermediate in the poultry-processing plant

wastewater outfall (Group 1) and Honey Creek above the confluence (Group 3), and greatest in Cave Springs Branch (Group

2). Fecal bacteria were rare in the Group 1 sample of the outfall

during March 2000 (table 4). Fecal bacteria counts for the outfall in August 1999 are not known. Fecal bacterial counts in

Group 2 samples exceeded 700 colonies per 100 milliliters at

the Oklahoma-Missouri state line and generally decreased

downstream (fig. 19). A herd of cows was pastured along Cave

Springs Branch above the state line at the time the state-line

sample was collected. Fecal bacterial counts were substantially

less in O'Brien Spring. Escherichia coli and fecal streptococcal

bacteria loads were greater in the sample from site S.10 than at

any other stream site and decreased downstream, indicating a

source of these bacteria along the reach between O'Brien Spring

and site S.10 (fig. 20). Fecal bacteria counts in the Group 3 sample were intermediate between Group 2 and Group 4 samples.

All four wells that yielded water containing fecal indicator bacteria (W.6, W.29, W.31 and W.35) were upgradient of the

streams and could not have received the bacteria from the

streams.

Only one ground-water sample in Group 4 (W.31) contained both fecal coliform and fecal streptococcal bacteria

(table 4). No viable fecal bacteria were detected in water from

Group 5 wells. Ratios of fecal coliform to fecal streptococcal

bacteria counts in stream samples indicated no specific animal

source (table 4). Different die-off rates of fecal bacteria may

change that ratio with time and distance from contaminant

sources, making interpretation of ratios difficult (Malard and

others, 1994).

Increased Escherichia coli counts downstream of the poultry-processing plant outfall and the animal sources determined

by ribotyping indicate that bacteria in the stream probably were

not from the plant but some may be from chickens or other birds

located elsewhere in the basin. However, bacteria counts at the

outfall at the time of stream sampling are not known.

Bacteria strains and resistance to antibiotics of some bacteria indicate that livestock may have been sources of some bacteria in the water samples. Fewer than half of the Escherichia

coli isolates had resistance to any of the tested antibiotics (table

5). Tentative Biolog® identification indicated most presumptive Escherichia coli bacteria isolates from the water samples

were indeed Escherichia coli (table 5).

Three bacterial isolates from S.10 and W.31 samples only

had resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, which indicates

that the bacteria may not be from human or poultry sources

(Krumperman, 1983 and Parveen and others, 1997) (table 5).

Multiple resistance to antibiotics other than tetracycline and

ampicillin would indicate probable human- or poultry-sourced

bacteria. Two isolates were resistant to tetracycline; nine isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Bacteria identified in isolates

from feces of deer, horse, and cow collected from the study area

also were Escherichia coli. None of these source isolates were

resistant to the antibiotics tested.

Ribotyping indicates that ribotypes of Escherichia coli

bacteria in water samples from the basin were from bird, cow,

horse, dog, deer, and human sources (table 6). Twenty-six

ribotypes of Escherichia coli bacteria were identified. Only the

deer ribotype had a pattern that matched the ribotype pattern of

a source sample collected from the study area. The animal

source for 10 of the 26 identified ribotypes could not be determined, because those ribotypes are not in the data base. Additional source sampling might help distinguish these sources.

The presence of multiple ribotypes from each type of animal source indicates that most of the bacteria are from multiple
30 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

S.11

O'Brien Spring,

-8.0 -7.5 -7.0 -6.5 -6.0 -5.5 -5.0 -4.5 -4.0

δ18O IN PERMIL RELATIVE TO VSMOW

-50

-20

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

δD IN PERMIL RELATIVE TO VSMOW

Bar indicating the standard error

of the hydrogen isotope analysis in

Bar indicating the standard error

of the oxygen isotope determination

Regional ground water line --

δ D = 9.65 δ18O+ 22.8

Cave Springs Branch surface water line--

δD= 3.58 δ18O - 13.01

Spring In Group 2

Group 2—Cave Springs Branch and

Honey Creek gage

Group 3—Honey Creek upstream

of confluence

Group 4—Upgradient wells

Group 5—Downgradient wells

S.2

S.3

S.10 S.4

S.20

S.17

W.29

W.18

W.11

W.31

W.31

W.6

W.28

W.5

W.35

W.10

W.17

permil

VSMOW Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water Outfall S.2 S.3 S.4 S.10 S.11 S.20 S.17 W.6 W.10 W.11 W.17 W.29 W.31 W.35 W.5 W.18

W.28

SITE NUMBER

0.1

10,000

1

10

100

1,000

COLONIES CULTURED

PER 100 MILLILITERS OF SAMPLE

EXPLANATION

Reporting limit--No bacteria were found

in samples with counts shown as fewer

than one colony per 100 milliliters

Group 1--Outfall, March 22, 2000

Group 2--Cave Springs Branch and

Honey Creek gage, August 1999

Group 3--Honey Creek upstream

of confluence, August 1999

Group 4--Upgradient wells,

August 1999

Group 5--Downgradient wells,

August 1999

Fecal coliform

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4 Group

zero 5

Group 1

Outfall

S.2S.3S.4

S.10S.11S.20S.17

W.6

W.10W.11W.17W.29W.31W.35

W.5

W.18W.28

SITE NUMBER

Escherichia coli

zero

Outfall

S.2S.3S.4

S.10S.11S.20S.17

W.6

W.10W.11W.17W.29W.31W.35

W.5

W.18W.28

SITE NUMBER

Fecal Streptococci

zero

Figure 18. Enrichment of δD and δ18O of water resulting from evaporation in the water-treatment basins.

Figure 19. Bacterial counts in water samples collected in the Cave Springs Branch study area August 23-27, 1999, and March

22, 2000, plotted by group in downstream order.
Water Quality and Indicated Sources of Bacteria and Nutrient Contamination 31

Table 4. Bacterial counts and ratios of fecal coliform to fecal streptococcal bacteria in water samples from the Cave Springs

Branch area, August 1999 and March 2000 (Group 1)

[ml, milliliter; E. coli, Escherichia coli; FC/FS, fecal coliform to fecal streptococci; K, estimated count based on non-ideal colony count; <1, fewer than

1 colony per 100 milliliters of water were cultured, estimated count based on non-ideal colony count; NC, no presumptive fecal bacteria cultured from

350 milliliters of sample; --, indicates no data available]

Group Date

Site

number

shown ion

figure 5

Fecal bacteria

FC/FS

ratio

FC/FS-ratio

indicated animal

source1

1Ratios should not be used when fecal streptococcal counts are less than 100 colonies per 100 milliliters (Bordener and Winter, 1978)

*E. coli counts in the absence of fecal coliform counts may not indicate E. coli presence, additional testing indicated these were not E. coli

Coliform,

fecal,

(colonies

per 100 ml)

E. coli

(colonies per

100 ml)

Streptococci

fecal,

(colonies

per 100 ml)

Surface water

1 03-22-00 Outfall K10 K10 K9 -- --

2 08-20-99 S.2 2,400 720 4,100 0.58 Duck

2 03-22-00 S.2 192 112 106 1.81 Duck/Man

2 08-19-99 S.3 2,600 2,000 1,100 2.36 Man/Duck

2 08-19-99 S.4 80 66 240 0.33 Chicken/Cow

2 08-17-99 S.10 K220 730 1,900 0.12 Turkey/Cow

2 08-17-99 S.11 80 350 1,700 0.05 --

2 08-18-99 S.20 140 K29 600 0.23 Cow/Chicken

3 08-18-99 S.17 K4 K4 120 0.03 --

Well water

4 08-20-99 W.6 NC NC K12 -- --

4 08-24-99 W.10 NC K2 * NC -- --

4 08-19-99 W.11 NC NC NC -- --

4 08-17-99 W.17 NC <1 * NC -- --

4 08-19-99 W.29 NC <1 * <1 -- --

4 08-20-99 W.31 K2 K1 K3 -- --

4 08-18-99 W.35 NC <1 * K5 -- --

--

5 08-17-99 W.5 NC K1 * NC -- --

5 08-18-99 W.18 NC NC NC -- --

5 08-19-99 W.28 NC K6 * NC -- --
32 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

OUTFALL 03-22-00

S.2 03-22-00S.2 08-20-99S.3 08-19-99S.4 08-19-99

S.10 08-17-99S.11 08-17-99S.20 08-18-99S.17 08-18-99

SITE NUMBER AND SAMPLING DATE

0

2,000

500

1,000

1,500

Escherichia coli

OUTFALL 03-22-00

S.2 03-22-00S.2 08-20-99S.3 08-19-99S.4 08-19-99

S.10 08-17-99S.11 08-17-99S.20 08-18-99S.17 08-18-99

SITE NUMBER AND SAMPLING DATE

0

4,000

1,000

2,000

3,000

. LOAD IN THOUSANDS OF COLONIES PER DAY

Fecal streptococci

OUTFALL 03-22-00

S.2 03-22-00S.2 08-20-99S.3 08-19-99S.4 08-19-99

S.10 08-17-99S.11 08-17-99S.20 08-18-99S.17 08-18-99

SITE NUMBER AND SAMPLING DATE

0

1,200

200

400

600

800

1,000

LOAD IN THOUSANDS OF COLONIES PER DAY

Fecal Coliform

Cave Springs Branch Honey Outfall Creek Cave Springs Branch Honey Outfall Creek

Cave Springs Branch Honey Outfall Creek

Group

 1

Group 2

Group

 3

Group

 1

Group 2

Group

 3

Group

 1

Group 2

Group

 3

Figure 20. Loads of fecal bacteria measured in Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek during August 1999 and March 2000.
Water Quality and Indicated Sources of Bacteria and Nutrient Contamination 33

Table 5. Results of biolog and antibiotic resistance tests on presumptive Escherichia coli

[μg, micrograms per liter; (vpm), very poor match to Biolog® data base; T, tetracycline resistant; A, ampicillin resistant; NT, not tested]

Site

number

(shown

on

figure 5)

Tentatively identified bacteria

strain

Antibiotic

resistance

Site

number

(shown

on

figure 5)

Tentatively identified bacteria

strain

Antibiotic

resistance

S.2 Escherichia coli S.11 Escherichia coli

S.2 Klebsiella terrigena T S.11 Escherichia coli

S.3 Escherichia hermanii (vpm) S.11 Escherichia hermanii

S.3 Escherichia coli S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Photobacterium logei (no match) T S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli A S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli A S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.3 Escherichia coli A S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.4 Escherichia coli (vpm) A S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.4 Escherichia coli S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.4 Escherichia coli1 A S 20 Escherichia coli NT

S.4 Escherichia coli (vpm) W.31 Escherichia coli T, A

S.4* Escherichia hermanii W.31 Citrobacter sedlakii T, A

S.4 Escherichia coli W.31 Citrobacter farmeri A

S.4 Escherichia coli W.31 Escherichia coli A

S.4 Escherichia coli A W.31 Escherichia coli

S.4 Escherichia coli W.31 Escherichia coli1

S.10 Escherichia coli1

1

Firm Biolog® identification of strain

T, A

S.10 Escherichia hermanii A
34 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark PlaTable 6. Results of ribotyping of Escherichia coli isolates from samples collected August 23-27, 1999

Site

number

Ribotype

number

Source

animal

Site

number

Ribotype

number

Source

animal

S.2 3 Bird S.4 14 Bird

S.2 5 Cow S.4 14 Bird

S.2 5 Cow S.4 14 Bird

S.2 5 Cow

S.2 7 Cow S.10 14 Bird

S.2 11 Horse S.10 6 Cow

S.2 11 Horse S.10 22 Dog

S.10 10 Horse

S.3 14 Bird

S.3 14 Bird S.11 14 Bird

S.3 14 Bird S.11 14 Bird

S.3 14 Bird S.11 14 Bird

S.3 14 Bird S.11 26 Bird

S.3 5 Cow W.31 19 Dog

S.3 17 Cow W.31 23 Human

S.3 2 Deer W.31 23 Human

S.3 25 Dog

S.3 15 Horse

populations of source animals. Three ribotypes of bird-sourced

bacteria were found. Twelve of the 14 bird-sourced isolates

were of the same ribotype (designated by ribotype number)

indicating the same type of bird and probably the same population (table 6).

The data base of bird bacterial ribotypes is inadequate to

specify the type of bird that produced these bacteria. Five

ribotypes of cow-, three ribotypes of horse-, and two ribotypes

of dog-sourced bacteria were detected in stream samples, indicating that multiple populations of these animals probably contributed bacteria to the stream. Cows and horses graze and

obtain water along reaches of the Cave Springs Branch near the

Oklahoma-Missouri state line.

The relative lack of bacteria at the plant outfall and the lack

of ribotype 14 bacteria at site S.2 may indicate that the bird bacteria are not from the poultry processing plant, but are from

chicken houses, chicken-litter fertilized hay fields, or other bird

species in the basin. Identifiable sources of bacteria at site S.2

at the state line gage were dominantly cow and horse, with one

Escherichia coli ribotype from bird. One bird bacteria isolate

was of a different ribotype than bird-sourced bacteria downstream. Half of the identified ribotypes at site S.3 were bird and

the remainder were from cows, deer, dogs, and horses. All bird

bacteria isolates at site S.3 were of the same ribotype. All bacteria from S.4, O'Brien Spring, also were of that same ribotype

of bird-sourced bacteria. Bacteria at S.10 were from birds,

cows, dogs, and horses. All bacteria isolates from S.11 were

from birds, three of the same ribotype determined at S.3, and

one from a unique ribotype. Bacterial ribotypes from upgradient

well (W.31) indicate human and dog feces as sources for bacteria in that well. This result confirms detection of caffeine and

fragrance in the well indicating human wastewater influence.

Escherichia coli was detected in only one well sample (W.31).

Hydrology and natural and anthropogenic tracers in the

water indicate probable sources of contaminants in Cave

Springs Branch and in wells in the Cave Springs Branch basin.

Tracers utilized in this study include chloride, stable isotopes of

hydrogen and oxygen, wastewater indicator compounds, and

bacteria strains and ribotypes.

Summary and Conclusions

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Office of the Attorney General, conducted a reconnaissance hydrologic and water-quality investigation to evaluate the

potential sources of bacteria and nutrient contamination in the

Cave Springs Branch basin and the underlying karstic Springfield Plateau aquifer.

Most wells in the study area are completed in the Springfield Plateau aquifer. Ground water in the area is rapidly
Summary and Conclusions 35

recharged by precipitation due to rapid infiltration rates common in soils that overlie the aquifer. The direction of groundwater flow in the study area generally is east to west, however,

ground water in the study area is hydraulically connected to

Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek and flow is locally controlled by the streams. Losing reaches of Cave Springs Branch

discharged water to the alluvium or the Springfield Plateau

aquifer. Water-table altitudes indicate that some of the water

from Cave Springs Branch may flow through the Springfield

Plateau aquifer to Honey Creek in a region extending about 1.75

miles upstream from the confluence with Honey Creek.

Honey Creek above the confluence with Cave Springs

Branch, and ground water were chemically similar, indicating

that Honey Creek consists mostly of ground water base flow

and that Cave Springs Branch has little affect on downgradient

ground water.

About one-third of the flow in Cave Springs Branch at the

state line appears to be discharge from the poultry-processing

plant. The poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall sample

had substantially greater concentrations of magnesium, sodium,

potassium, chloride, sulfate, ammonia, and total organic nitrogen plus ammonia than stream and ground-water samples.

Background chloride concentration in study area wells is about

1.5 milligrams per liter. Much of the chloride in Cave Springs

Branch, which averaged 165 milligrams per liter, was probably

derived from the poultry-processing plant and animal and

human waste along the stream. Water from three wells downgradient of Cave Springs Branch with greater chloride concentrations may have a small percentage of water from Cave

Springs Branch. Chloride concentrations greater than 1.5 milligrams per liter in water from upgradient wells may be from animal waste or human wastewater, as indicated by associated

nitrate concentrations.

Ammonia, which is present primarily as the cation ammonium, is converted rapidly to nitrate in oxygen-rich water and

the increased concentrations of nitrate in Cave Springs Branch

and O'Brien Spring relative to the poultry-processing plant

wastewater outfall may have been the result of conversion of

ammonia from the poultry-processing plant wastewater. The

poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall sample contained

greater concentrations of ammonia and total organic nitrogen

plus ammonia than the samples collected during August 1999.

Nitrate concentration, however, was in the middle range of concentrations and generally was less than the concentration in

Cave Springs Branch, O'Brien Spring, and Honey Creek below

the confluence samples. Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek

contributed approximately equal loads of nitrogen to Honey

Creek below the confluence and the greatest loads of nitrogen

were introduced to Cave Springs Branch by the outfall and

O'Brien Spring. Nitrate concentrations in upgradient well samples ranged from 0.38 to 4.60 milligrams per liter, indicating

that there is a source of ground-water nitrogen other than Cave

Springs Branch, such as animal waste, fertilizer, or human

waste. Nitrogen compounds in water from downgradient wells

may be from Cave Springs Branch, fertilizers, animal waste, or

human waste.

Substantial phosphorus concentrations in samples from

Cave Springs Branch, O'Brien Spring, and Honey Creek below

the confluence, which were dominantly dissolved orthophosphate, may have been derived from the poultry-processing plant

wastewater as well as from animal or fertilizer sources along

Cave Springs Branch. Total phosphorus and orthophosphate

loads increased in the reach downstream from O'Brien Spring,

indicating a nonpoint source of orthophosphate, such as fertilizer or animal or human waste.

Iron and manganese concentrations were greater in the

poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall than in Cave

Springs Branch, O'Brien Spring, and Honey Creek. The Chattanooga Shale may be a source of iron and manganese in ground

water.

Dissolved arsenic and selenium can be associated with

contamination of water by chicken litter. However, arsenic and

selenium concentrations were less than 3 micrograms per liter

in all samples.

Organic wastewater indicator compounds detected in the

poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall sample were

detected downstream in O'Brien Spring and some Cave Springs

Branch samples. The presence of organic wastewater indicator

compounds in Honey Creek, which receives discharge of

treated wastewater from South West City, Missouri, indicates

some influence by human wastewater. Organic wastewater

indicator compounds detected in water from upgradient wells

indicate ground water is influenced by human wastewater.

Organic wastewater indicator compounds detected in downgradient well samples also were detected in the poultry-processing

plant wastewater outfall and Cave Springs Branch indicating

downgradient wells may receive some water that originally

came from the outfall. However, these organic compounds also

could be from septic tanks.

Delta values for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in

Cave Springs Branch, O'Brien Spring, and Honey Creek below

the confluence samples are different from Honey Creek and

wells, but the differences were not great enough to quantify the

percentage of surface water in downgradient well samples.

Delta values for stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen indicate that the greatest amount of evaporation had occurred from

O'Brien Spring water indicating the spring probably receives

some water from lagoons or ponds.

Fecal coliform bacteria colony counts were least in wells,

intermediate in the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall,

and Honey Creek above the confluence, and greatest in Cave

Springs Branch. Escherichia coli and fecal streptococcal bacteria loads were greater in the sample from S.10 than at any other

stream site and decreased downstream, indicating a source of

these bacteria along the reach between O'Brien Spring and S.10.

Bacteria strains and resistance to antibiotics of some bacteria indicate that livestock may have been sources of some bacteria in the water samples. Three bacterial isolates from S.10

and W.31 samples only had resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, which indicates that the bacteria may not be from human

or poultry sources. Multiple resistance to antibiotics other than
36 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

tetracycline and ampicillin would indicate probable human- or

poultry-sourced bacteria.

Ribotyping indicates that Escherichia coli bacteria in

water samples from the basin were from bird, cow, horse, dog,

deer, and human sources. The presence of multiple ribotypes

from each type of animal source, except bird, indicates that

most of the bacteria are from multiple populations of source

animals. Identifiable sources of bacteria in Cave Springs

Branch at the state line were dominantly cow and horse with

one ribotype from bird. Bacteria from chickens may enter the

stream with runoff from hay fields fertilized with poultry-litter

or from other bird species in the basin. All bacteria from

O'Brien Spring were of the same ribotype of bird-sourced bacteria.

Escherichia coli was detected in only one well sample.

Bacterial ribotypes in water from that upgradient well indicated

human and dog feces as sources for bacteria, and that on site

wastewater treatment may not always be adequate in these

highly permeable soils.

References Cited

Bauer, A. W., Kirby, W. M. M., Sherris, J. C., and Turck, M.,

1966, Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized

single disk method: The American Journal of Clinical Pathology, v. 45, no. 4, p. 493-496.

Blazs, R.L., Walters, D.M., Coffey, T.E., White, D.K., Boyle,

D.L., and Kerestes, J.F., 1998, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1997, Volume 1, Arkansas River Basin:

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report OK-97-1, 447 p.

Blazs, R.L., Walters, D.M., Coffey, T.E., Boyle, D.L., Kerestes,

J.F., and Johnson, R.E., 1999, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1998, Volume 1, Arkansas River Basin:

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report OK-98-1, 367 p.

——, 2000, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1999,

Volume 1, Arkansas River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey

Water-Data Report OK-99-1, 394p.

Bordener, Robert and Winter, John, 1978, Microbiological

methods for monitoring the environment water and wastes:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA-600/8-78-017,

337 p.

Buchanan, T.J., and Somers, W.P., 1969, Discharge measurements at gaging stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques

of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. A8, 65 p.

Carter, R.W., and Davidian, Jacob, 1968, General procedure for

gaging streams: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of

Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. A6, 13 p.

Coplen, T.B., Wildman, J.D., and Chen, J., 1991, Improvements in the gaseous hydrogen-water equilibration technique

for hydrogen isotope ratio analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v.

63, p. 910-912.

Epstein, S. and Mayeda, T., 1953, Variation of 18O content of

water from natural sources: Geochimica et Cosmochimica

Acta, v. 4, p. 213-224.

Fishman, J.L., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for the

determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial

sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of WaterResources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p.

Fredrickson, J. K., Balkwill, D. L., Zachara, J. M., Li, S.-M. W.,

Brockman, F. J., and Simmons, M. A., 1991, Physiological

diversity and distributions of heterotrophic bacteria in deep

Cretaceous sediments of the Atlantic coastal plain: Applied

and Environmental Microbiology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 402-411.

Grimont, P. A. D., Nancanney, M., Lefevre, M., Vandemeulebroecke, K., Vauterin, L., Brosch, R., Kersters, K., and grimont, F., 1996, Ability of Biolog and Biolog-100 systems to

reveal the taxonomic diversity of the pseudomonads: Systematic and Applied Microbiology, v. 19, no. 4, p. 510-527.

Imes, J.L. and Emmett, L.F., 1994, Geohydrology of the Ozark

Plateaus Aquifer System in parts of Missouri, Arkansas,

Oklahoma, and Kansas (Regional aquifer system analysisCentral midwest): U.S. Geological Survey Professional

Paper 1414-D, 127 p.

Jones, S.R., and Garbarino, J.R.,1999, Methods of analysis by

the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of arsenic and selenium in water and sediment by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry:

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-639, 39 p.

Krumperman, P.H., 1983, Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal

contamination of foods: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 46, no. 1, p. 165-170.

Madison, R.J., and Brunett, J.O., 1985, Overview of the occurrence of nitrate in ground water of the United States, in

National Water Summary, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey

Water Supply Paper 2275, p. 93-105.

Malard, Florian, Reygrobellet, Jean-Louis, and Soulié, Michel,

1994, Transport and retention of fecal bacteria at sewage-polluted fractured rock sites: Journal of Environmental Quality,

v. 23, no. 4, p. 1352-1363.

Marcher, M.V., and Bingham, R H., 1971, Reconnaissance of

the water resources of the Tulsa Quadrangle northeastern

Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas

2, 4 sheets.

Parveen, Salina, Murphree, R.L., and Tamplin, M.L., 1997,

Association of multiple-antibiotic-resistance profiles with

point and nonpoint sources of Escherichia coli in Apalachicola Bay: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 63,

no. 7, p. 2607-2612.

Reed, E.W., Schoff, S.L., and Branson, C.C., 1955, Groundwater resources of Ottawa County, Oklahoma: Oklahoma

Geological Survey Bulletin 72, 203 p.

Solit, R., 1999, Biolog Micrology System, Release 4.0 User

Guide: Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Survey,

1970, Soil Survey Cherokee and Delaware Counties, Oklahoma: p. 60-63.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996, Drinking water

regulations and health advisories, EPA 822-8-96-002, 11 p.
References Cited 37

Wells, F.C., Gibbons, W.J., and Dorsey, M.E., 1990, Guidelines

for collection and field analysis of water-quality samples

from streams in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File

Report 90-127, 79 p.

Wilde, F.D., and Radtke, D.B., 1998, National field manual for

the collection of water quality data; field measurements: U.S.

Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9, Chapter A6, variously paginated.
38 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000
Appendixes
40 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000
Appendixes 41

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri

[mi, miles; mi2, square miles; AC-FT, acre feet; ---, no data available; FT FM L BANK, feet from left bank, DEG C, degrees Celsius; MM OF HG, millimeters of

mercury; US/CM, microsiemens per centimeter; Dissolved, determined in unfiltered sample; MG/L, milligrams per liter; COLS./100 ML, colonies per 100 milliliters; K, estimated count based on non-ideal colony count; HCO3, bicarbonate; CO3, carbonate; CaCO3, calcium carbonate; <, less than; N, nitrogen; NO2, nitrate; NO3, nitrate; P, phosphorus; PO4; phosphate]

 07189540 CAVE SPRINGS BRANCH NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO

LOCATION.--Lat 36°32'52", long 94°37'04", in SE 1

⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.22, T.24 N., R.25 E., Delaware County, Hydrologic Unit 11070206,

 on right bank of downstream side of bridge on Stateline Highway 5, 2.5 mi northwest of South West City, Mo, 4.7 mi upstream

 from Honey Springs, and at mile 4.7.

DRAINAGE AREA.--7.9 mi2

.

 WATER-DISCHARGE RECORDS

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1997 to current year (2000).

GAGE.--Water stage recorder. Datum of gage is 922.86 ft above sea level.

REMARKS.--No estimated daily discharge. Records fair. U.S. Geological Survey satellite telemeter at station.

 DISCHARGE, CUBIC FEET PER SECOND, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1997 TO SEPTEMBER 1998

 DAILY MEAN VALUES

 DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

 1 3.1 3.2 3.5 4.9 5.0 2.7 6.4 2.7 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.5

 2 3.1 3.1 3.5 4.8 4.2 2.6 6.3 2.6 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.5

 3 3.1 3.1 3.7 4.7 3.8 2.7 6.4 2.6 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.5

 4 2.8 3.1 3.5 142 3.6 2.7 5.8 2.6 2.2 1.6 3.5 1.6

 5 2.6 3.2 3.3 14 3.4 2.7 6.0 2.6 2.2 1.5 2.5 1.6

 6 2.7 3.1 3.2 31 3.3 2.7 6.0 2.9 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.6

 7 2.8 3.1 3.3 17 3.5 26 6.2 3.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.5

 8 3.1 3.1 9.1 99 3.8 20 5.5 3.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.5

 9 3.1 3.1 5.2 24 3.9 5.7 5.1 2.8 2.2 1.5 1.9 1.5

 10 3.0 3.8 4.7 12 4.0 5.0 4.8 3.0 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.5

 11 2.9 3.8 4.4 9.1 4.5 4.7 4.6 3.0 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6

 12 4.1 3.5 4.1 8.3 4.1 4.5 4.5 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.6

 13 4.6 3.9 3.8 7.6 4.0 4.6 4.2 2.9 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.8

 14 3.3 3.9 3.5 7.4 3.9 4.4 4.6 2.9 1.9 1.4 1.7 25

 15 3.3 3.6 3.4 6.6 3.9 4.8 4.6 3.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.8

 16 3.3 3.6 3.3 6.1 4.1 45 4.3 3.2 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.2

 17 3.0 3.7 3.1 6.4 4.1 17 4.3 3.4 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.0

 18 2.8 3.7 3.1 6.4 4.0 8.9 4.0 3.6 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.9

 19 2.8 3.7 3.1 6.1 3.9 36 4.1 3.5 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8

 20 2.8 3.6 2.9 6.0 3.9 15 4.1 3.5 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.8

 21 2.8 3.6 7.2 5.8 3.9 8.5 4.1 3.5 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.9

 22 3.0 3.5 5.4 5.6 3.8 7.4 4.1 3.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.9

 23 3.0 3.3 5.1 5.3 3.0 6.9 4.2 3.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.9

 24 3.1 3.4 54 5.2 3.0 6.8 4.2 3.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.8

 25 3.4 3.5 7.7 5.2 3.1 6.8 4.3 4.2 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.9

 26 3.2 3.4 6.4 6.0 3.1 6.7 4.6 4.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

 27 3.2 3.4 5.9 5.1 2.9 7.0 5.8 2.7 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8

 28 3.1 3.6 5.8 5.1 2.8 6.7 3.0 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8

 29 3.1 5.3 5.6 5.0 --- 6.6 2.8 2.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.8

 30 3.2 3.8 5.3 4.7 --- 6.8 2.7 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.8

 31 3.2 --- 5.1 4.6 --- 7.5 --- 2.4 --- 1.5 1.5 ---

 TOTAL 96.6 105.7 191.2 481.0 104.5 295.4 141.6 95.5 57.9 47.8 51.9 76.1

 MEAN 3.12 3.52 6.17 15.5 3.73 9.53 4.72 3.08 1.93 1.54 1.67 2.54

 MAX 4.6 5.3 54 142 5.0 45 6.4 4.4 2.3 1.7 3.5 25

 MIN 2.6 3.1 2.9 4.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

 AC-FT 192 210 379 954 207 586 281 189 115 95 103 151

 SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR 1998 WATER YEAR

 ANNUAL TOTAL 1745.2

 ANNUAL MEAN 4.78

 HIGHEST DAILY MEAN 142 Jan 4

 LOWEST DAILY MEAN 1.4 Jun 27

 ANNUAL SEVEN-DAY MINIMUM 1.5 Jul 19

 INSTANTANEOUS PEAK FLOW 539 Jan 4

 INSTANTANEOUS PEAK STAGE 8.02 Jan 4

 ANNUAL RUNOFF (AC-FT) 3460

 10 PERCENT EXCEEDS 6.4

 50 PERCENT EXCEEDS 3.1

 90 PERCENT EXCEEDS 1.6
42 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189540 CAVE SPRINGS BRANCH NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 DISCHARGE, CUBIC FEET PER SECOND, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 1999

 DAILY MEAN VALUES

 DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

 1 1.8 4.8 4.2 3.2 6.1 3.7 7.2 8.1 11 147 3.4 2.0

 2 1.8 4.3 4.0 8.4 5.8 3.5 6.9 7.8 9.1 19 3.9 2.2

 3 1.8 3.9 3.9 4.5 5.8 3.4 8.0 7.7 8.5 10 3.9 2.3

 4 1.8 3.7 4.0 4.2 5.6 3.5 7.1 54 8.1 8.5 3.8 2.2

 5 291 3.4 3.8 4.2 5.5 3.6 6.2 10 7.4 7.9 4.2 1.6

 6 82 2.9 3.9 4.6 47 3.1 6.1 5.7 7.0 7.8 4.0 1.9

 7 9.8 2.4 3.5 3.9 52 3.0 6.0 5.0 7.0 7.4 3.4 2.3

 8 9.0 2.5 3.5 3.9 9.6 11 5.8 4.4 6.7 7.3 2.7 2.3

 9 8.4 2.7 3.7 3.3 8.2 6.5 5.7 4.1 6.5 7.1 3.4 2.4

 10 7.9 5.5 4.1 3.4 7.9 5.3 4.9 4.5 6.6 6.9 3.4 2.5

 11 7.3 4.6 3.5 3.4 7.4 5.1 4.5 4.1 6.5 6.4 3.3 2.2

 12 6.9 4.0 3.4 3.6 6.7 23 4.3 4.8 5.8 6.5 3.2 2.3

 13 6.1 3.2 3.1 4.2 6.3 31 4.8 4.1 5.5 6.1 3.3 2.5

 14 5.4 4.1 3.2 3.9 6.3 15 8.1 3.8 5.6 6.0 2.6 2.3

 15 5.4 3.9 3.0 3.6 6.1 25 5.8 3.6 5.3 5.8 2.5 2.2

 16 5.2 3.8 2.8 3.0 5.7 98 5.0 3.5 6.8 5.7 2.9 2.1

 17 5.5 3.7 2.8 3.4 5.4 19 4.1 8.9 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.1

 18 5.3 3.6 3.0 3.7 5.2 10 4.6 9.6 5.3 5.1 2.6 2.1

 19 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.4 4.9 13 4.5 9.2 13 5.3 2.1 1.9

 20 4.4 3.7 3.2 3.1 4.7 71 4.6 8.9 13 5.1 1.6 2.4

 21 4.5 3.5 3.8 3.4 4.2 14 4.2 11 11 4.8 2.0 2.2

 22 4.3 2.8 3.6 3.1 3.9 10 7.0 14 8.9 4.7 1.2 2.2

 23 4.1 3.1 3.5 3.0 4.2 9.2 6.6 63 157 4.5 1.8 2.2

 24 4.1 3.3 3.6 2.9 4.1 8.6 5.0 10 15 4.1 1.9 2.1

 25 3.9 3.4 3.3 2.8 4.1 8.1 29 8.9 11 3.4 1.8 1.7

 26 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.0 4.3 7.7 114 8.5 8.8 4.3 2.0 1.5

 27 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.9 7.6 26 8.0 8.3 3.9 1.8 1.8

 28 3.8 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.4 7.6 11 7.7 9.4 4.0 1.1 1.9

 29 4.2 3.0 2.8 3.4 --- 7.4 9.7 7.5 8.4 4.1 .79 2.0

 30 3.9 7.1 2.7 4.9 --- 7.1 8.8 36 263 4.2 1.8 2.1

 31 3.9 --- 2.5 8.2 --- 7.0 --- 19 --- 3.8 2.2 ---

 TOTAL 515.7 109.9 105.6 119.7 244.3 451.0 335.5 365.4 651.1 332.1 81.39 63.5

 MEAN 16.6 3.66 3.41 3.86 8.73 14.5 11.2 11.8 21.7 10.7 2.63 2.12

 MAX 291 7.1 4.2 8.4 52 98 114 63 263 147 4.2 2.5

 MIN 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.4 3.0 4.1 3.5 5.3 3.4 .79 1.5

 AC-FT 1020 218 209 237 485 895 665 725 1290 659 161 126

 STATISTICS OF MONTHLY MEAN DATA FOR WATER YEARS 1998 - 1999, BY WATER YEAR (WY)

 MEAN 9.88 3.59 4.79 9.69 6.23 12.0 7.89 7.81 11.8 6.13 2.15 2.33

 MAX 16.6 3.66 6.17 15.5 8.73 14.5 11.2 11.8 21.7 10.7 2.63 2.54

 (WY) 1999 1999 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1998

 MIN 3.12 3.52 3.41 3.86 3.73 9.53 4.59 3.84 1.95 1.54 1.67 2.12

 (WY) 1998 1998 1999 1999 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1999

 SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR 1998 CALENDAR YEAR FOR 1999 WATER YEAR WATER YEARS 1998 - 1999

 ANNUAL TOTAL 2082.9 3375.19

 ANNUAL MEAN 5.71 9.25 7.04

 HIGHEST ANNUAL MEAN 9.25 1999

 LOWEST ANNUAL MEAN 4.84 1998

 HIGHEST DAILY MEAN 291 Oct 5 291 Oct 5 291 Oct 5 1998

 LOWEST DAILY MEAN 1.4 Jun 27 .79 Aug 29 .79 Aug 29 1999

 ANNUAL SEVEN-DAY MINIMUM 1.5 Jul 19 1.6 Aug 23 1.5 Jul 19 1998

 INSTANTANEOUS PEAK FLOW 1360 Oct 5 1360 Oct 5 1998

 INSTANTANEOUS PEAK STAGE 12.08 Oct 5 12.08 Oct 5 1998

 INSTANTANEOUS LOW FLOW .48 Aug 28

 ANNUAL RUNOFF (AC-FT) 4130 6690 5100

 10 PERCENT EXCEEDS 6.7 10 8.6

 50 PERCENT EXCEEDS 3.3 4.2 3.8

 90 PERCENT EXCEEDS 1.6 2.2 1.6
Appendixes 43

Appendix 1. Daily mean discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189542 HONEY CREEK NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO

LOCATION.--Lat 36°32'56", long 94°41'01", in SE 1

⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec.24, T.24 N., R.24 E., Delaware County, Hydrologic Unit 11070206,

 on downstream abutment of county road bridge, 0.4 mi downstream from Cave Springs Creek, 2.3 mi southeast of Dodge, Ok, and

 5.1 mi above Grand Lake and at mile 5.1.

DRAINAGE AREA.--48.2 mi2

.

 WATER-DISCHARGE RECORDS

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1997 to current year (2000).

GAGE.--Water stage recorder. Datum of gage is 789 ft above sea level from topographic map.

REMARKS.--Records fair. U.S. Geological Survey satellite telemeter at station.

 DISCHARGE, CUBIC FEET PER SECOND, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1997 TO SEPTEMBER 1998

 DAILY MEAN VALUES

 DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

 1 16 11 27 36 37 24 55 32 16 15 7.0 4.4

 2 14 10 25 34 36 23 55 30 15 14 6.5 4.4

 3 13 9.8 24 32 34 23 54 28 14 12 7.3 4.0

 4 12 10 23 407 33 22 50 26 14 11 14 3.9

 5 11 11 21 291 32 22 47 26 14 11 23 3.6

 6 10 11 20 299 32 22 45 26 14 9.7 12 3.6

 7 10 11 19 225 31 46 46 29 13 9.5 10 3.6

 8 11 11 39 597 31 123 43 28 15 12 9.7 3.6

 9 14 11 47 355 30 109 41 27 16 11 15 3.6

 10 12 12 44 247 30 92 39 26 15 9.8 14 3.8

 11 12 11 40 183 32 80 37 25 16 15 12 3.9

 12 15 12 36 143 32 69 35 24 14 13 10 4.2

 13 27 14 32 115 32 61 35 23 13 11 10 7.7

 14 23 15 30 101 31 54 34 22 13 11 10 80

 15 20 15 28 89 31 50 33 22 13 9.9 9.9 32

 16 18 13 26 80 32 129 31 20 14 9.0 9.3 21

 17 16 13 24 72 32 187 30 20 12 8.9 8.7 16

 18 15 9.0 23 66 31 165 29 19 13 8.6 8.1 14

 19 14 8.3 22 60 30 211 28 19 12 8.0 7.7 12

 20 13 10 20 56 29 215 28 18 11 7.4 7.2 10

 21 12 12 30 53 28 166 27 18 11 7.2 6.5 12

 22 12 13 40 49 28 131 26 18 11 7.1 6.0 12

 23 12 13 40 46 26 109 26 18 10 7.9 5.7 10

 24 12 12 155 43 26 93 25 17 9.2 7.7 5.2 9.7

 25 13 13 105 42 26 82 25 23 9.3 7.7 4.7 9.0

 26 14 13 86 44 27 74 27 26 9.0 6.9 5.2 8.4

 27 12 13 72 41 26 68 38 24 8.6 6.5 5.9 7.6

 28 12 14 61 40 26 62 39 21 8.2 11 5.8 7.8

 29 11 27 52 39 --- 56 36 20 8.4 9.0 5.9 7.6

 30 11 28 44 37 --- 53 34 18 17 7.5 5.2 7.9

 31 11 --- 40 36 --- 57 --- 17 --- 7.4 4.4 ---

 TOTAL 428 386.1 1295 3958 851 2678 1098 710 378.7 302.7 271.9 331.3

 MEAN 13.8 12.9 41.8 128 30.4 86.4 36.6 22.9 12.6 9.76 8.77 11.0

 MAX 27 28 155 597 37 215 55 32 17 15 23 80

 MIN 10 8.3 19 32 26 22 25 17 8.2 6.5 4.4 3.6

 AC-FT 849 766 2570 7850 1690 5310 2180 1410 751 600 539 657

 SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR 1998 WATER YEAR

 ANNUAL TOTAL 12688.7

 ANNUAL MEAN 34.8

 HIGHEST DAILY MEAN 597 Jan 8

 LOWEST DAILY MEAN 3.6 Sep 5-9

 ANNUAL SEVEN-DAY MINIMUM 3.7 Sep 4

 INSTANTANEOUS PEAK FLOW 1060 Jan 4

 INSTANTANEOUS PEAK STAGE 7.34 Jan 4

 ANNUAL RUNOFF (AC-FT) 25170

 10 PERCENT EXCEEDS 67

 50 PERCENT EXCEEDS 19

 90 PERCENT EXCEEDS 7.7
44 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189542 HONEY CREEK NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 DISCHARGE, CUBIC FEET PER SECOND, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 1999

 DAILY MEAN VALUES

 DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

 1 8.5 27 39 27 39 25 51 92 83 826 24 13

 2 8.5 33 38 37 41 24 49 76 74 482 23 13

 3 8.6 29 37 36 41 23 52 66 63 286 24 13

 4 8.4 28 35 36 39 23 54 270 58 207 24 12

 5 648 26 34 36 37 23 57 288 53 164 24 13

 6 372 25 33 36 53 22 54 188 49 135 23 13

 7 183 25 33 33 245 21 49 147 46 119 22 14

 8 136 25 31 32 159 39 47 120 43 107 20 16

 9 106 26 33 29 124 52 44 100 40 94 20 15

 10 87 43 31 28 100 49 41 91 39 86 20 15

 11 73 43 29 28 84 45 37 81 38 78 19 16

 12 64 41 e28 27 69 57 35 80 36 70 18 18

 13 56 37 27 27 59 144 35 69 35 65 18 17

 14 50 36 28 26 53 168 48 62 34 61 17 15

 15 47 33 27 25 49 174 49 57 32 57 17 15

 16 43 31 25 25 44 310 47 53 39 54 16 15

 17 43 29 25 24 41 306 44 59 38 51 16 15

 18 43 28 25 24 38 213 42 55 34 47 16 15

 19 38 27 29 23 36 169 40 51 50 46 16 15

 20 35 27 28 23 34 255 37 48 58 44 14 17

 21 33 26 31 23 32 198 36 54 67 42 14 16

 22 30 25 31 23 30 162 42 54 64 40 14 15

 23 29 23 32 22 30 134 58 146 348 40 15 14

 24 28 23 31 21 29 113 52 128 222 35 15 13

 25 27 23 31 21 28 95 108 111 199 34 15 13

 26 26 22 30 21 28 84 336 96 167 33 15 13

 27 25 21 29 21 27 76 334 79 143 30 15 13

 28 25 21 28 21 25 71 207 69 132 28 15 13

 29 24 20 26 22 --- 64 152 62 116 27 13 13

 30 24 38 25 24 --- 58 116 97 1320 26 13 16

 31 24 --- 24 36 --- 54 --- 91 --- 24 13 ---

 TOTAL 2353.0 861 933 837 1614 3251 2353 3040 3720 3438 548 434

 MEAN 75.9 28.7 30.1 27.0 57.6 105 78.4 98.1 124 111 17.7 14.5

 MAX 648 43 39 37 245 310 336 288 1320 826 24 18

 MIN 8.4 20 24 21 25 21 35 48 32 24 13 12

 AC-FT 4670 1710 1850 1660 3200 6450 4670 6030 7380 6820 1090 861

 STATISTICS OF MONTHLY MEAN DATA FOR WATER YEARS 1998 - 1999, BY WATER YEAR (WY)

 MEAN 44.9 20.8 35.9 77.3 44.0 95.6 57.5 60.5 68.3 60.3 13.2 12.8

 MAX 75.9 28.7 41.8 128 57.6 105 78.4 98.1 124 111 17.7 14.5

 (WY) 1999 1999 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999

 MIN 13.8 12.9 30.1 27.0 30.4 86.4 36.6 22.9 12.6 9.76 8.77 11.0

 (WY) 1998 1998 1999 1999 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998

 e Estimated

 SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR 1998 CALENDAR YEAR FOR 1999 WATER YEAR WATER YEARS 1998 - 1999

 ANNUAL TOTAL 14726.6 23382.0

 ANNUAL MEAN 40.3 64.1 49.4

 HIGHEST ANNUAL MEAN 64.1 1999

 LOWEST ANNUAL MEAN 34.8 1998

 HIGHEST DAILY MEAN 648 Oct 5 1320 Jun 30 1320 Jun 30 1999

 LOWEST DAILY MEAN 3.6 Sep 5 8.4 Oct 4 3.6 Sep 5-9 1998

 ANNUAL SEVEN-DAY MINIMUM 3.7 Sep 4 13 Aug 29 3.7 Sep 4 1998

 INSTANTANEOUS PEAK FLOW 6140 Jun 30 6140 Jun 30 1999

 INSTANTANEOUS PEAK STAGE 12.98 Jun 30 12.98 Jun 30 1999

 ANNUAL RUNOFF (AC-FT) 29210 46380 35800

 10 PERCENT EXCEEDS 72 135 101

 50 PERCENT EXCEEDS 26 35 28

 90 PERCENT EXCEEDS 7.7 15 9.9
Appendixes 45

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189540 CAVE SPRINGS BRANCH NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 SAMPLE BARO- DIS- PH

 LOC- METRIC AGENCY AGENCY CHARGE, SPE- WATER

 ATION, PRES- COL- ANA- INST. CIFIC WHOLE

 CROSS TEMPER- SURE LECTING LYZING CUBIC CON- OXYGEN, FIELD

 SECTION ATURE (MM SAMPLE SAMPLE FEET GAGE DUCT- DIS- (STAND-

 DATE TIME (FT FM WATER OF (CODE (CODE PER HEIGHT ANCE SOLVED ARD

 L BANK) (DEG C) HG) NUMBER) NUMBER) SECOND (FEET) (US/CM) (MG/L) UNITS)

 (00009) (00010) (00025) (00027) (00028) (00061) (00065) (00095) (00300) (00400)

 SEP 1997

 15... 1400 .50 27.1 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2120 6.6 7.4

 15... 1401 1.50 27.2 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2150 6.7 7.5

 15... 1402 2.50 27.3 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2130 6.9 7.5

 15... 1403 3.50 27.3 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2130 6.7 7.5

 15... 1404 4.50 27.4 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2130 6.8 7.5

 15... 1405 5.50 27.4 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2130 6.8 7.5

 15... 1406 6.50 27.5 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2130 6.8 7.5

 15... 1407 7.50 27.5 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2130 6.9 7.5

 15... 1408 8.50 27.6 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2130 7.0 7.5

 15... 1409 9.50 27.6 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2130 7.0 7.5

 15... 1410 10.5 27.7 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2120 7.2 7.5

 15... 1411 11.5 27.8 750 1028 1028 1.6 4.98 2120 7.4 7.5

 FEB 1998

 19... 0945 15.0 12.0 751 1028 1028 4.0 5.13 1190 10.1 7.3

 19... 0949 13.0 12.1 751 1028 1028 4.0 5.13 1190 10.0 7.4

 19... 0950 11.0 12.2 751 1028 1028 4.0 5.13 1190 9.9 7.4

 19... 0951 9.00 12.2 751 1028 1028 4.0 5.13 1190 9.9 7.4

 19... 0953 7.00 12.2 751 1028 1028 4.0 5.13 1190 9.9 7.4

 19... 0954 5.00 12.2 751 1028 1028 4.0 5.13 1190 9.6 7.4

 19... 1000 3.00 12.3 751 1028 1028 4.0 5.13 1190 9.3 7.4

 19... 1001 1.00 12.3 751 1028 1028 4.0 5.13 1190 9.6 7.4

 MAR

 11... 1037 2.00 9.6 768 1028 1028 4.6 5.16 299 12.0 7.1

 11... 1038 4.00 9.9 768 1028 1028 4.6 5.16 301 11.7 7.1

 11... 1039 6.00 10.0 768 1028 1028 4.6 5.16 301 11.5 7.0

 11... 1040 8.00 10.0 768 1028 1028 4.6 5.16 301 11.4 7.0

 11... 1041 10.0 10.0 768 1028 1028 4.6 5.16 301 11.5 7.0

 11... 1042 12.0 10.0 768 1028 1028 4.6 5.16 301 11.5 7.1

 11... 1043 14.0 10.0 768 1028 1028 4.6 5.16 301 11.4 7.1

 11... 1044 16.0 10.0 768 1028 1028 4.6 5.16 301 11.5 7.1

 AUG

 19... 1125 2.00 29.1 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.2 7.6

 19... 1126 3.00 29.1 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.2 7.5

 19... 1127 4.00 29.1 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.1 7.5

 19... 1128 5.00 29.0 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.1 7.6

 19... 1129 6.00 28.8 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.1 7.6

 19... 1130 7.00 28.9 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.1 7.6

 19... 1131 8.00 28.8 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.1 7.6

 19... 1132 9.00 28.8 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.1 7.6

 19... 1133 10.0 28.8 744 1028 1028 1.4 5.05 2170 8.1 7.6

 DEC

 08... 1036 2.00 11.7 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 451 11.2 7.2

 08... 1037 4.00 11.8 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 451 11.2 7.2

 08... 1038 6.00 12.0 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 450 11.3 7.2

 08... 1039 8.00 12.0 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 450 11.3 7.2

 08... 1040 10.0 12.1 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 451 11.3 7.2

 08... 1041 12.0 12.1 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 451 11.1 7.2

 08... 1042 14.0 12.1 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 452 11.2 7.2

 08... 1043 16.0 12.1 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 453 11.1 7.2

 08... 1044 18.0 12.2 757 1028 1028 3.5 4.79 453 11.1 7.2

 JUN 1999

 09... 0835 -- 19.7 743 1028 1028 6.7 5.03 941 8.0 7.3

 15... 1235 2.00 22.3 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.9 7.3

 15... 1236 4.00 22.3 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.7 7.3

 15... 1237 6.00 22.3 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.6 7.3

 15... 1238 8.00 22.3 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.6 7.3

 15... 1239 10.0 22.3 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.6 7.3

 15... 1240 12.0 22.3 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.6 7.3

 15... 1241 14.0 22.3 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.5 7.3

 15... 1242 16.0 22.2 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.3 7.4

 15... 1243 18.0 22.2 752 1028 1028 5.6 4.96 1130 10.2 7.4
46 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189540 CAVE SPRINGS BRANCH NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 DIS- PH BARO-

 AGENCY AGENCY CHARGE, SPE- WATER METRIC

 COL- ANA- INST. CIFIC WHOLE PRES-

 LECTING LYZING CUBIC CON- FIELD TEMPER- TEMPER- SURE OXYGEN,

 SAMPLE SAMPLE FEET DUCT- (STAND- ATURE ATURE (MM DIS-

 DATE TIME (CODE (CODE PER ANCE ARD AIR WATER OF SOLVED

 NUMBER) NUMBER) SECOND (US/CM) UNITS) (DEG C) (DEG C) HG) (MG/L)

 (00027) (00028) (00061) (00095) (00400) (00020) (00010) (00025) (00300)

 AUG 1997

 26... 0945 1028 80020 2.1 2020 7.3 26.0 24.0 753 5.3

 SEP

 15... 1420 1028 80020 1.6 2130 7.5 32.0 27.5 750 6.9

 OCT

 15... 1345 1028 80020 3.8 1560 7.0 20.0 21.5 757 6.7

 NOV

 18... 1400 1028 80020 4.0 2090 7.5 15.0 12.5 755 10.0

 DEC

 15... 1645 1028 80020 3.6 1230 7.0 9.5 12.0 753 8.5

 JAN 1998

 14... 1040 1028 80020 8.1 677 6.9 3.0 11.0 752 9.4

 FEB

 19... 1010 1028 80020 4.0 1170 7.4 6.5 12.2 751 9.9

 MAR

 11... 1045 1028 80020 4.6 301 7.0 -2.3 10.0 768 11.4

 APR

 24... 1000 1028 80020 3.6 1490 7.6 22.0 16.5 749 12.8

 MAY

 12... 0925 1028 80020 5.5 1590 7.4 22.5 20.4 740 9.9

 JUN

 03... 0910 1028 80020 2.3 1870 7.5 30.6 24.3 734 6.0

 JUL

 15... 0910 1028 80020 1.2 2170 7.4 29.7 26.2 741 6.4

 AUG

 19... 1115 1028 80020 1.4 2170 7.6 34.5 28.8 744 8.1

 SEP

 23... 1005 1028 80020 1.7 1940 7.7 22.3 22.6 748 8.3

 OCT

 21... 1055 1028 80020 4.5 1640 7.5 16.5 18.4 756 10.0

 NOV

 17... 0955 1028 80020 3.8 1630 7.3 15.1 14.7 751 9.4

 DEC

 08... 1035 1028 80020 3.5 451 7.2 3.8 12.0 757 11.2

 JAN 1999

 07... 1000 1028 80020 3.8 625 7.4 -.5 9.5 755 9.9

 FEB

 03... 0950 1028 80020 6.2 1100 7.4 12.3 11.3 740 10.4

 MAR

 16... 1430 1028 80020 363 115 7.2 21.0 12.2 748 10.0

 APR

 07... 1000 1028 80020 5.8 831 7.4 23.0 16.1 747 12.7

 MAY

 04... 1430 1028 80020 24 310 6.7 24.4 17.1 729 6.1

 JUN

 15... 1245 1028 80020 5.6 1130 7.3 27.0 22.3 752 10.6

 JUL

 28... 1145 1028 80020 4.3 1180 7.2 35.5 25.3 753 10.4

 AUG

 20... 1045 1028 80020 1.6 924 7.7 20.4 24.5 745 11.7

 SEP

 14... 1428 1028 80020 2.3 1730 7.6 31.5 23.7 750 11.8
Appendixes 47

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189540 CAVE SPRINGS BRANCH NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 OXYGEN, COLI- E. COLI STREP- BICAR- CAR- ALKA-

 DIS- FORM, WATER TOCOCCI BONATE BONATE LINITY

 SOLVED FECAL, WHOLE FECAL, WATER WATER WAT DIS

 (PER- 0.7 TOTAL KF AGAR DIS IT DIS IT TOT IT

 CENT UM-MF UREASE (COLS. FIELD FIELD FIELD

 DATE SATUR- (COLS./ (COL / PER MG/L AS MG/L AS MG/L AS

 ATION) 100 ML) 100 ML) 100 ML) HCO3 CO3 CACO3

 (00301) (31625) (31633) (31673) (00453) (00452) (39086)

 AUG 1997

 26... 64 58 47 5000 207 0 170

 SEP

 15... 89 390 170 2200 208 0 171

 OCT

 15... 77 130 120 3200 168 0 138

 NOV

 18... 95 220 110 1100 170 0 139

 DEC

 15... 80 15 K6 140 131 0 107

 JAN 1998

 14... 87 21 34 600 95 0 78

 FEB

 19... 94 K27 K11 K28 168 0 138

 MAR

 11... 101 K17 K2 120 109 0 89

 APR

 24... 134 <1 K3 490 168 0 138

 MAY

 12... 114 230 K57 80 143 0 117

 JUN

 03... 75 590 190 540 166 0 136

 JUL

 15... 82 1200 300 980 139 0 114

 AUG

 19... 108 1800 790 2000 132 0 108

 SEP

 23... 99 520 320 1900 167 0 137

 OCT

 21... 108 280 140 270 148 0 121

 NOV

 17... 94 180 K60 360 148 0 121

 DEC

 08... 105 K170 250 350 124 0 102

 JAN 1999

 07... 88 320 240 340 121 0 99

 FEB

 03... 98 K64 K49 210 125 0 103

 MAR

 16... 95 K8600 4100 7300 35 0 29

 APR

 07... 132 230 210 180 134 0 110

 MAY

 04... 66 K46000 24000 38000 72 0 59

 JUN

 15... 124 45 160 200 162 0 133

 JUL

 28... 128 -- -- 220 116 0 95

 AUG

 20... 144 2400 720 4100 163 0 134

 SEP

 14... 143 100 K49 640 171 0 140
48 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189540 CAVE SPRINGS BRANCH NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 NITRO- NITRO- NITRO- NITRO- NITRO- NITRO- NITRO-

 GEN, GEN, GEN, GEN, GEN, GEN, GEN,

 NITRATE NITRATE NITRITE NITRITE NO2+NO3 AMMONIA AMMONIA

 DIS- DIS- DIS- DIS- DIS- DIS- DIS-

 SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED

 DATE (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L

 AS N) AS NO3) AS N) AS NO2) AS N) AS N) AS NH4)

 (00618) (71851) (00613) (71856) (00631) (00608) (71846)

 AUG 1997

 26... 81.5 360 1.01 3.3 82.6 .856 1.1

 SEP

 15... 10.3 45 .748 2.5 11.0 .107 .14

 OCT

 15... 56.7 250 .874 2.9 57.5 .519 .67

 NOV

 18... 92.8 410 .961 3.2 93.7 .911 1.2

 DEC

 15... 46.9 210 .589 1.9 47.5 .820 1.1

 JAN 1998

 14... 22.6 100 2.66 8.7 25.3 .374 .48

 FEB

 19... 40.2 180 4.59 15 44.8 3.25 4.2

 MAR

 11... -- -- <.010 -- 6.57 .110 .14

 APR

 24... 66.4 290 .241 .79 66.7 .035 .05

 MAY

 12... 36.9 160 .244 .80 37.2 .059 .08

 JUN

 03... 92.2 410 .828 2.7 93.0 .341 .44

 JUL

 15... 104 460 .884 2.9 105 .188 .24

 AUG

 19... 117 520 .392 1.3 117 .171 .22

 SEP

 23... 89.8 400 .369 1.2 90.2 .111 .14

 OCT

 21... 71.2 320 .250 .82 71.4 .120 .15

 NOV

 17... 67.7 300 .435 1.4 68.1 .234 .30

 DEC

 08... 10.2 45 .010 .03 10.3 .037 .05

 JAN 1999

 07... 19.1 85 .116 .38 19.2 .076 .10

 FEB

 03... 51.3 230 .406 1.3 51.7 .164 .21

 MAR

 16... .932 4.1 .032 .11 .964 .207 .27

 APR

 07... 4.27 19 .017 .06 4.28 .027 .03

 MAY

 04... 2.27 10 .058 .19 2.33 .285 .37

 JUN

 15... 3.94 17 .034 .11 3.98 .051 .07

 JUL

 28... 3.99 18 .201 .66 4.19 .431 .56

 AUG

 20... 5.69 25 .020 .07 5.71 <.020 --

 SEP

 14... 13.4 60 .693 2.3 14.1 .164 .21
Appendixes 49

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189540 CAVE SPRINGS BRANCH NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 NITRO- PHOS- PHOS-

 NITRO- GEN,AM- PHOS- PHORUS PHATE,

 GEN, MONIA + NITRO- PHOS- PHORUS ORTHO, ORTHO,

 ORGANIC ORGANIC GEN, PHORUS DIS- DIS- DIS-

 TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED

 DATE (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L

 AS N) AS N) AS N) AS P) AS P) AS P) AS PO4)

 (00605) (00625) (00600) (00665) (00666) (00671) (00660)

 AUG 1997

 26... 1.6 2.4 85 8.34 8.15 1.12 3.4

 SEP

 15... 1.3 1.4 12 7.62 7.28 7.20 22

 OCT

 15... 1.3 1.8 59 5.71 5.46 5.28 16

 NOV

 18... 1.5 2.4 96 9.33 7.62 10.3 32

 DEC

 15... 1.2 2.0 49 5.53 5.17 5.28 16

 JAN 1998

 14... .89 1.3 27 1.78 1.76 1.52 4.7

 FEB

 19... .65 3.9 49 5.07 4.47 4.14 13

 MAR

 11... .21 .32 6.9 .119 .106 .110 .34

 APR

 24... .97 1.0 68 -- 5.52 5.55 17

 MAY

 12... 1.2 1.2 38 7.68 5.88 4.12 13

 JUN

 03... .97 1.3 94 5.77 5.35 6.11 19

 JUL

 15... 1.3 1.5 110 6.68 6.28 5.87 18

 AUG

 19... 1.2 1.4 120 8.81 8.15 7.74 24

 SEP

 23... 1.0 1.1 91 7.81 -- 7.56 23

 OCT

 21... 1.3 1.4 73 2.24 6.20 6.52 20

 NOV

 17... 1.0 1.3 69 4.05 3.84 3.65 11

 DEC

 08... .38 .41 11 .668 .662 .572 1.8

 JAN 1999

 07... .66 .73 20 .593 .667 .506 1.6

 FEB

 03... 1.1 1.3 53 1.63 1.51 1.52 4.6

 MAR

 16... 2.3 2.5 3.4 1.66 .954 .885 2.7

 APR

 07... .55 .57 4.9 .401 .390 .357 1.1

 MAY

 04... 1.4 1.7 4.0 .654 .505 .446 1.4

 JUN

 15... .77 .82 4.8 .333 .314 .255 .78

 JUL

 28... .93 1.4 5.5 .212 .198 .169 .52

 AUG

 20... -- .75 6.5 .142 .132 .127 .39

 SEP

 14... .98 1.1 15 .161 .144 .131 .40
50 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189542 HONEY CREEK NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 SAMPLE BARO- DIS- PH

 LOC- METRIC AGENCY AGENCY CHARGE, SPE- WATER

 ATION, PRES- COL- ANA- INST. CIFIC WHOLE

 CROSS TEMPER- SURE LECTING LYZING CUBIC CON- OXYGEN, FIELD

 SECTION ATURE (MM SAMPLE SAMPLE FEET GAGE DUCT- DIS- (STAND-

 DATE TIME (FT FM WATER OF (CODE (CODE PER HEIGHT ANCE SOLVED ARD

 L BANK) (DEG C) HG) NUMBER) NUMBER) SECOND (FEET) (US/CM) (MG/L) UNITS)

 (00009) (00010) (00025) (00027) (00028) (00061) (00065) (00095) (00300) (00400)

 SEP 1997

 15... 1558 24.0 23.1 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 590 8.2 7.6

 15... 1559 22.0 23.0 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.9 7.6

 15... 1600 20.0 23.0 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 8.0 7.6

 15... 1601 18.0 22.9 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.8 7.6

 15... 1602 16.0 22.9 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.8 7.6

 15... 1603 14.0 22.8 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.6 7.6

 15... 1604 12.0 22.8 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.8 7.6

 15... 1605 10.0 22.8 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.6 7.6

 15... 1606 8.00 22.8 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.5 7.5

 15... 1607 6.00 22.8 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.7 7.5

 15... 1608 4.00 22.8 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.5 7.5

 15... 1609 2.00 22.8 750 1028 1028 9.5 4.81 594 7.4 7.5

 FEB 1998

 19... 0838 38.0 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 391 10.6 7.8

 19... 0839 34.0 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 392 10.6 7.8

 19... 0840 30.0 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 392 10.5 7.8

 19... 0841 26.0 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 386 10.6 7.8

 19... 0842 22.0 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 387 10.6 7.8

 19... 0843 18.0 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 382 10.6 7.8

 19... 0844 14.0 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 386 10.7 7.8

 19... 0845 10.0 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 391 10.5 7.8

 19... 0846 6.00 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 391 10.6 7.8

 19... 0847 2.00 8.6 751 1028 1028 30 5.08 392 10.5 7.8

 MAR

 11... 0935 45.0 7.6 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 248 11.6 7.8

 11... 0936 40.0 7.5 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 248 11.6 7.8

 11... 0937 35.0 7.5 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 249 11.6 7.8

 11... 0938 30.0 7.6 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 248 11.6 7.8

 11... 0939 25.0 7.5 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 248 11.6 7.8

 11... 0940 20.0 7.6 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 248 11.6 7.8

 11... 0941 15.0 7.6 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 248 11.6 7.8

 11... 0942 10.0 7.6 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 248 11.6 7.8

 11... 0943 5.00 7.6 768 1028 1028 79 5.44 248 11.6 7.8

 AUG

 19... 1000 4.00 24.4 747 1028 1028 8.2 4.76 641 6.3 7.7

 19... 1001 8.00 24.4 747 1028 1028 8.2 4.76 641 6.4 7.7

 19... 1002 12.0 24.3 747 1028 1028 8.2 4.76 641 6.4 7.7

 19... 1003 16.0 24.4 747 1028 1028 8.2 4.76 641 6.4 7.7

 19... 1004 20.0 24.4 747 1028 1028 8.2 4.76 641 6.4 7.7

 19... 1005 24.0 24.4 747 1028 1028 8.2 4.76 641 6.5 7.7

 19... 1006 28.0 24.4 747 1028 1028 8.2 4.76 641 6.7 7.7

 19... 1007 32.0 24.7 747 1028 1028 8.2 4.76 641 6.7 7.7

 DEC

 08... 0916 3.00 11.5 759 1028 1028 28 5.14 425 9.8 7.7

 08... 0917 7.00 11.6 759 1028 1028 28 5.14 426 9.7 7.7

 08... 0918 11.0 11.6 759 1028 1028 28 5.14 426 9.7 7.7

 08... 0919 15.0 11.6 759 1028 1028 28 5.14 425 9.7 7.7

 08... 0920 19.0 11.6 759 1028 1028 28 5.14 426 9.6 7.7

 08... 0921 23.0 11.6 759 1028 1028 28 5.14 425 9.6 7.7

 08... 0922 27.0 11.6 759 1028 1028 28 5.14 426 9.6 7.7

 08... 0923 31.0 11.6 759 1028 1028 28 5.14 426 9.6 7.7
Appendixes 51

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189542 HONEY CREEK NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO—-Continued

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 DIS- PH BARO-

 AGENCY AGENCY CHARGE, SPE- WATER METRIC

 COL- ANA- INST. CIFIC WHOLE PRES-

 LECTING LYZING CUBIC CON- FIELD TEMPER- TEMPER- SURE OXYGEN,

 SAMPLE SAMPLE FEET DUCT- (STAND- ATURE ATURE (MM DIS-

 DATE TIME (CODE (CODE PER ANCE ARD AIR WATER OF SOLVED

 NUMBER) NUMBER) SECOND (US/CM) UNITS) (DEG C) (DEG C) HG) (MG/L)

 (00027) (00028) (00061) (00095) (00400) (00020) (00010) (00025) (00300)

 AUG 1997

 26... 1130 1028 80020 10 606 7.6 27.0 23.0 750 7.8

 SEP

 15... 1615 1028 80020 9.5 594 7.6 31.5 23.0 750 7.7

 OCT

 15... 1450 1028 80020 20 534 7.4 23.0 17.5 760 9.0

 NOV

 18... 1605 1028 80020 7.8 712 7.8 14.0 10.0 750 12.5

 DEC

 15... 1736 1028 80020 27 446 7.5 9.0 8.5 753 10.9

 JAN 1998

 14... 0945 1028 80020 101 277 7.4 2.5 10.0 752 10.3

 FEB

 19... 0830 1028 80020 30 387 7.8 5.3 8.6 751 10.6

 MAR

 11... 0945 1028 80020 79 248 7.8 -1.8 7.6 768 11.6

 APR

 24... 0900 1028 80020 25 414 7.8 16.8 13.3 750 9.4

 MAY

 12... 0805 1028 80020 24 434 7.8 20.3 17.4 738 8.5

 JUN

 03... 0805 1028 80020 15 490 7.7 24.0 21.8 737 5.6

 JUL

 15... 0800 1028 80020 11 552 7.7 23.2 23.6 744 5.6

 AUG

 19... 0950 1028 80020 8.2 641 7.7 26.9 24.4 747 6.7

 SEP

 23... 0810 1028 80020 11 616 7.9 18.3 20.9 750 6.4

 OCT

 21... 0920 1028 80020 33 449 7.7 14.2 16.0 759 8.1

 NOV

 17... 0805 1028 80020 29 474 8.0 5.1 12.4 754 8.3

 DEC

 08... 0915 1028 80020 28 426 7.7 .6 11.6 759 9.7

 JAN 1999

 07... 0830 1028 80020 34 437 8.0 .1 6.9 758 10.8

 FEB

 03... 0810 1028 80020 40 464 8.1 7.9 8.6 745 9.9

 MAR

 16... 1615 1028 80020 485 199 7.5 22.0 13.1 749 9.8

 APR

 07... 0805 1028 80020 49 325 7.6 16.7 13.9 751 8.9

 MAY

 04... 1325 1028 80020 129 261 7.2 20.8 16.3 730 6.9

 JUN

 09... 0730 1028 80020 41 375 7.7 23.3 19.9 746 6.9

 JUL

 28... 1345 1028 80020 28 385 7.6 35.5 25.3 752 8.1

 AUG

 18... 1745 1028 80020 15 458 7.8 41.0 25.7 746 6.8

 SEP

 14... 1355 1028 80020 15 487 7.5 31.5 21.0 750 8.6
52 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189542 HONEY CREEK NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 OXYGEN, COLI- E. COLI STREP- BICAR- CAR- ALKA-

 DIS- FORM, WATER TOCOCCI BONATE BONATE LINITY

 SOLVED FECAL, WHOLE FECAL, WATER WATER WAT DIS

 (PER- 0.7 TOTAL KF AGAR DIS IT DIS IT TOT IT

 CENT UM-MF UREASE (COLS. FIELD FIELD FIELD

 DATE SATUR- (COLS./ (COL / PER MG/L AS MG/L AS MG/L AS

 ATION) 100 ML) 100 ML) 100 ML) HCO3 CO3 CACO3

 (00301) (31625) (31633) (31673) (00453) (00452) (39086)

 AUG 1997

 26... 93 K13 K4 1500 169 0 139

 SEP

 15... 92 45 82 730 168 0 138

 OCT

 15... 94 86 40 450 164 0 134

 NOV

 18... 113 29 22 250 167 0 137

 DEC

 15... 94 K6 K2 K63 142 0 116

 JAN 1998

 14... 93 38 14 520 116 0 95

 FEB

 19... 92 K15 K13 100 143 0 117

 MAR

 11... 96 K12 K7 K58 93 0 76

 APR

 24... 91 <1 K9 K43 143 0 117

 MAY

 12... 92 350 92 90 149 0 122

 JUN

 03... 66 270 73 160 159 0 130

 JUL

 15... 68 200 85 340 164 0 134

 AUG

 19... 82 480 480 410 162 0 133

 SEP

 23... 73 150 160 840 162 0 133

 OCT

 21... 82 130 K57 150 143 0 117

 NOV

 17... 79 K60 K28 170 154 0 127

 DEC

 08... 90 280 220 120 149 0 122

 JAN 1999

 07... 89 73 47 69 148 0 121

 FEB

 03... 87 67 44 88 150 0 123

 MAR

 16... 95 5600 6200 5800 64 0 52

 APR

 07... 88 230 180 100 129 0 106

 MAY

 04... 74 4600 3500 9400 110 0 90

 JUN

 09... 78 110 K14 140 138 0 113

 JUL

 28... 100 -- -- 220 120 0 99

 AUG

 18... 85 140 K29 600 149 0 122

 SEP

 14... 98 K22 K17 170 161 0 132
Appendixes 53

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189542 HONEY CREEK NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 NITRO- NITRO- NITRO- NITRO- NITRO- NITRO- NITRO-

 GEN, GEN, GEN, GEN, GEN, GEN, GEN,

 NITRATE NITRATE NITRITE NITRITE NO2+NO3 AMMONIA AMMONIA

 DIS- DIS- DIS- DIS- DIS- DIS- DIS-

 SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED

 DATE (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L

 AS N) AS NO3) AS N) AS NO2) AS N) AS N) AS NH4)

 (00618) (71851) (00613) (71856) (00631) (00608) (71846)

 AUG 1997

 26... 14.8 66 .011 .04 14.8 .018 .02

 SEP

 15... -- -- <.010 -- 13.7 <.015 --

 OCT

 15... -- -- <.010 -- 10.9 .027 .03

 NOV

 18... -- -- <.010 -- -- <.020 --

 DEC

 15... 10.1 45 .012 .04 10.1 <.020 --

 JAN 1998

 14... 6.13 27 .023 .08 6.15 <.020 --

 FEB

 19... 7.86 35 .035 .12 7.89 <.020 --

 MAR

 11... -- -- <.010 -- 3.71 .105 .14

 APR

 24... -- -- <.010 -- 4.41 .022 .03

 MAY

 12... 8.78 39 .013 .04 8.80 .037 .05

 JUN

 03... 10.8 48 .015 .05 10.8 .026 .03

 JUL

 15... 13.8 61 .015 .05 13.8 .026 .03

 AUG

 19... 18.9 84 .392 1.3 19.3 .171 .22

 SEP

 23... 17.4 77 .012 .04 17.4 <.020 --

 OCT

 21... -- -- <.010 -- 10.6 <.020 --

 NOV

 17... -- -- <.010 -- 10.0 .049 .06

 DEC

 08... -- -- <.010 -- 8.58 .031 .04

 JAN 1999

 07... -- -- <.010 -- 8.84 .021 .03

 FEB

 03... -- -- <.010 -- 10.5 .026 .03

 MAR

 16... 2.72 12 .021 .07 2.74 .126 .16

 APR

 07... -- -- <.010 -- 3.01 .051 .07

 MAY

 04... 2.88 13 .010 .03 2.88 .076 .10

 JUN

 09... -- -- <.010 -- 3.57 <.020 --

 JUL

 28... -- -- <.010 -- 2.65 <.020 --

 AUG

 18... -- -- <.010 -- 2.38 <.020 --

 SEP

 14... -- -- <.010 -- 2.84 .022 .03
54 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000

Appendix 1. Mean daily discharge and water-quality data collected during water years 1998 and 1999 for U.S. Geological Survey gages

07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Missouri, and 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Missouri—Continued

 07189542 HONEY CREEK NEAR SOUTH WEST CITY, MO--Continued

 WATER-QUALITY DATA

 NITRO- PHOS- PHOS-

 NITRO- GEN,AM- PHOS- PHORUS PHATE,

 GEN, MONIA + NITRO- PHOS- PHORUS ORTHO, ORTHO,

 ORGANIC ORGANIC GEN, PHORUS DIS- DIS- DIS-

 TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL SOLVED SOLVED SOLVED

 DATE (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L (MG/L

 AS N) AS N) AS N) AS P) AS P) AS P) AS PO4)

 (00605) (00625) (00600) (00665) (00666) (00671) (00660)

 AUG 1997

 26... -- <.20 -- .665 .619 .667 2.0

 SEP

 15... -- <.20 -- .634 .658 <.010 --

 OCT

 15... -- <.20 -- .734 .688 .693 2.1

 NOV

 18... -- .25 -- 1.02 1.07 1.07 3.3

 DEC

 15... -- .27 10 .718 .703 .732 2.2

 JAN 1998

 14... -- <.10 -- .184 .180 .201 .62

 FEB

 19... -- .19 8.1 .515 .508 .536 1.6

 MAR

 11... .00 .10 3.8 .095 .089 .096 .29

 APR

 24... .25 .28 4.7 .371 .236 .225 .69

 MAY

 12... .25 .28 9.1 .446 .507 .504 1.5

 JUN

 03... .30 .32 11 .512 .476 .444 1.4

 JUL

 15... .22 .24 14 .495 .510 .496 1.5

 AUG

 19... .11 .28 20 .571 .536 .543 1.7

 SEP

 23... -- .23 18 .695 .671 .677 2.1

 OCT

 21... -- .27 11 .537 .484 .480 1.5

 NOV

 17... .14 .19 10 .426 .393 .402 1.2

 DEC

 08... -- <.10 -- .320 .358 .322 .99

 JAN 1999

 07... .22 .24 9.1 .252 .235 .210 .64

 FEB

 03... .28 .30 11 .321 .290 .300 .92

 MAR

 16... 2.1 2.3 5.0 1.04 .511 .464 1.4

 APR

 07... .16 .21 3.2 .166 .151 .128 .39

 MAY

 04... .53 .61 3.5 .234 .179 .156 .48

 JUN

 09... -- .25 3.8 -- .248 .195 .60

 JUL

 28... -- .29 2.9 .142 .125 .127 .39

 AUG

 18... -- .24 2.6 .150 .114 .146 .45

 SEP

 14... .19 .22 3.1 -- .239 .216 .66
Appendixes 55

Appendix 2. Description of ground-water and surface-water sites[Deg, degrees; min, minutes; sec, seconds; altitude methods: M, map; D, differential Global Positioning System; L, land surface; --, no data available; ft3/s, cubic feet per second]

Well

number

(shown in

figure 5)

Station name

Latitude Longitude Land surface

altitude

(feet)

Altitude

method

Altitude

accuracy

(feet)

Well depth

(feet)

Date of

measurement Deg min sec Deg min sec

W.1 21N-34W-21BAD01 36 32 46 94 37 02 942 M 5 32.35 05-20-99W.2 24N-25E-15DAA01 36 33 35.7 94 37 05.3 983 M 5 230.95 05-18-99W.3 24N-25E-27AAB01 36 32 18 94 37 14 1,001 M 5 229 05-18-99W.4 24N-25E-22CCD01 36 32 24 94 37 38 942 M 5 92.5 05-21-99W.5 24N-25E-15CCC01 36 33 21.92 94 37 44.57 941.6 D 0.3 150 04-29-99W.6 24N-25E-22BCB01 36 33 00 94 37 45 980 M 5 110 05-18-99W.7 24N-25E-22BBC01 36 33 07.75 94 37 45.2 970 M 5 142 05-18-99W.8 24N-25E-18AAD01 36 33 57.00 94 37 47 945 M 5 71 04-30-99W.9 24N-25E-16AAB01 36 34 01.5 94 38 00.7 942 M 5 96.1 04-29-99

W.10 24N-25E-16ABB01 36 34 04 94 38 13 920 M 5 155 05-15-99W.11 24N-25E-16CDA01 36 33 3 0.45 94 38 28.56 940.4 D 0.3 456 05-18-99W.12 24N-25E-21CCC01 36 32 24 94 38 46 963 M 5 164.42 05-20-99W.13 24N-25E-17 DAD 02 36 33 34.07 94 38 53.00 880.0 D 0.3 38.1 04-15-99W.14 24N-25E-08DAA02 36 34 03 94 38 53.8 931 M 5 180.45 05-17-99W.15 24N-25E-08DAA01 36 34 31 94 38 53.02 931 M 5 154.9 05-17-99W.16 24N-25E-17AAA01 36 34 02.08 94 38 53.21 930 M 5 134.39 05-18-99W.17 24N-25E-17DDD01 36 33 20 94 38 53 935 M 5 385 05-15-99W.18 24N-25E-17DAD01 36 33 33.43 94 38 54.93 881.7 D 0.3 292 04-15-99W.19 24N-25E-08DBD01 36 34 26.55 94 39 08.00 940.7 D 0.3 97.2 04-13-99W.20 24N-25E-17DBA01 36 33 40.07 94 39 11.73 902.0 D 0.3 415 04-16-99W.21 24N-25E-17DBD01 36 33 3 2.85 94 39 14.24 861.2 D 0.3 282 04-16-99W.22 24N-25E-08CAD01 36 34 26.48 94 39 27.60 938.8 D 0.3 90.08 04-13-99W.23 24N-25E-20CBB01 36 32 47 94 39 40 899 M 5 118.1 05-18-99W.24 24N-25E-17BCB01 36 33 48.43 94 39 50.80 912 M 5 137.95 05-19-99W.25 24N-25E-17CCC01 36 33 22.30 94 39 53.7 851.8 D 0.3 90.1 04-29-99W.26 24N-25E-18AAA01 36 34 06.1 94 39 58.5 922 M 5 118 04-30-99W.27 24N-25E-19ADD01 36 32 54.6 94 40 00.1 846 M 5 100 05-20-99W.28 24N-25E-19AAA01 36 33 11.5 94 40 02.1 878.4 D 0.3 420 05-20-99W.29 24N-25E-19DCD01 36 32 23 94 40 19 925 M 5 125 05-19-99W.30 24N-25E-18CDB01 36 33 24.22 94 40 37.44 901 M 5 110 05-18-99W.31 24N-24E-24DDA01 36 32 32.16 94 41 04.64 822.8 D 0.3 46.8 04-15-99
56 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000 W.32 24N-24E-24ABD01 36 33 02.46 94 41 18.36 910 M 5 114.35 05-18-99 W.33 24N-24E-13ABC01 36 34 00.26 94 41 25.03 905.4 D 0.3 400 04-14-99 W.34 24N-24E-13DCB01 36 33 27.45 94 41 25.85 883.5 D 0.3 79.25 04-15-99 W.35 24N-24E-24BBA01 36 33 11.31 94 41 52.79 872.2 D 0.3 350 04-14-99 W.36 24N-24E-25CBB01 36 31 51.08 94 42 04.83 879.5 D 0.3 78.4 04-15-99 Appendix 2. Description of ground-water and surface-water sites (Continued) [Deg, degrees; min, minutes; sec, seconds; altitude methods: M, map; D, differential Global Positioning System; L, land surface; --, no data available; ft3/s, cubic feet per second] Well number (shown in figure 5) Station name Latitude Longitude Land surface altitude (feet) Altitude method Altitude accuracy (feet) Well depth (feet) Date of measurement Deg min sec Deg min sec
Appendixes 57

Appendix 2. Description of ground-water and surface-water sites—Continued

Site

number

(shown

in

figure 5)

Measuring

point

height

(feet)

May water level

date

May water level

time

May water level

(feet below land

surface)

August water level

date

August water level

time

August water level

(feet below land

surface)

W.1 3.40 05-20-99 0947 18.30 08-25-99 1714 18.73

 W.2 0.65 05-18-99 -- 33.38 08-24-99 1623 42.07 W.3 0.8 05-18-99 1725 33.40 08-26-99 1857 80.54 W.4 0.8 05-21-99 1603 34.64 08-25-99 1517 34.99 W.5 1.9 05-20-99 1315 34.81 08-24-99 1505 36.34 W.6 0.427 05-18-99 1233 58.24 08-24-99 1837 64.52 W.7 0 05-18-99 1255 49.92 08-25-99 0931 51.44 W.8 0.26 05-18-99 -- 43.67 08-18-99 1308 46.48 W.9 0.05 05-20-99 1100 32.30 08-24-99 1727 41.58

 W.10 0.65 05-19-99 -- 37.46 08-24-99 0904 38.98 W.11 0.90 05-18-99 0906 73.20 08-25-99 1901 75.95 W.12 0.58 05-20-99 0815 52.57 08-25-99 1437 62.87 W.13 0 05-20-99 1000 15.51 08-25-99 1243 17.81 W.14 0.45 05-17-99 1553 55.98 08-23-99 1511 53.72 W.15 0 05-17-99 1514 53.08 08-23-99 1542 57.29 W.16 -0.73 05-18-99 1540 51.36 08-25-99 1037 55.63 W.17 1.75 05-19-99 0927 53.70 08-25-99 1339 57.36 W.18 1.8 05-20-99 1020 34.87 08-25-99 1212 81.06 W.19 0 05-19-99 0944 55.04 08-24-99 1752 61.97 W.20 0.80 05-20-99 1150 45.3 08-25-99 1605 54.83 W.21 1.5 05-20-99 1124 44.47 08-25-99 1737 60.79 W.22 0 05-17-99 1622 22.37 08-26-99 0827 38.69 W.23 1.1 05-18-99 1401 54.23 08-25-99 1403 58.57 W.24 0.65 05-19-99 -- 60.80 08-26-99 1540 55.00 W.25 0.28 05-18-99 -- 24.00 08-20-99 0908 28.34 W.26 0.2 05-19-99 1157 42.12 08-18-99 0956 49.73 W.27 0.67 05-20-99 1806 35.66 08-26-99 1650 37.05 W.28 1 05-20-99 1028 56.54 08-20-99 1033 57.16 W.29 1.1 05-19-99 -- 52.5 08-25-99 1320 53.37 W.30 1.25 05-18-99 0855 40.13 08-26-99 1355 43.99 W.31 0 05-19-99 1111 21.92 08-26-99 1013 22.49
58 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000 W.32 0.46 05-18-99 1030 55.94 08-26-99 1515 57.54 W.33 0.2 05-19-99 1157 21.02 08-25-99 1051 23.49 W.34 1.3 05-20-99 1208 20.99 08-25-99 1121 22.56 W.35 1.08 05-19-99 1650 54.92 08-24-99 1915 61.97 W.36 0.64 05-19-99 1652 32.26 08-26-99 0927 33.51 Appendix 2. Description of ground-water and surface-water sites—Continued Site number (shown in figure 5) Measuring point height (feet) May water level date May water level time May water level (feet below land surface) August water level date August water level time August water level (feet below land surface)
Appendixes 59

Appendix 2. Description of ground-water and surface-water sites—Continued

Stream

number

(shown

in

figure 5)

Site identifier Station name

Latitude Longitude Stream

surface

altitude

(feet)

Altitude

method

Discharge

on

May 19,

1999

(ft3/s)

Discharge

on

Aug. 24,

1999

(ft3/s)

Deg min sec Deg min sec

S.1 07189539 Cave Springs Branch Site 1 near South West City, Mo. 36 32 51.69 94 36 44.59 938.2 D 4.5 1.8S.2 07189540 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Mo. 36 32 50.05 94 37 04 927.9 L 9.3 1.9S.3 071895403 Cave Springs Branch Site 3 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 02.52 94 37 26.84 915.4 D 3.5 0.73S.4 363303094372801 O'Brien Spring 36 33 03.7 94 37 28.3 914.3 D 5.4 2.9S.5 071895404 Cave Springs Branch Site 4 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 12.06 94 37 34.19 910.0 D 9.0 3.7S.6 0718954043 Cave Springs Branch Site 4A near South West City, Mo. 36 33 21.30 94 37 41.39 905.2 D 9.6 --S.7 0718954046 Cave Springs Branch Site 4B near South West City, Mo. 36 33 23 94 37 42.08 903.0 D 8.7 --S.8 071895405 Cave Springs Branch Site 5 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 29.37 94 37 52.27 897.2 D 9.9 3.5S.9 071895406 Cave Springs Branch Site 6 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 43.37 94 38 35.67 863.4 D 12 3.3

S.10 071895407 Cave Springs Branch Site 7 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 38.75 94 38 51.66 858.5 D 11 4.1S.11 071895408 Cave Springs Branch Site 8 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 34.5 94 39 18.5 847.8 D 15 6.4S.12 071895410 Cave Springs Branch Site 10 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 18.97 94 39 57.00 822.6 D 13 5.3S.13 071895411 Cave Springs Branch Site 11 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 05.71 94 40 22.15 805 M 14 4.6S.14 071895412 Honey Creek Site 12 near South West City, Mo. 36 33 00.60 94 40 42.81 801.3 D 50 17S.15 071895413 Honey Creek Site 13 Near South West City, Mo. 36 31 36.16 94 37 12.02 875.4 D 31 11S.16 071895414 Honey Creek Site 14 Near South West City, Mo. 36 3210.36 94 38 02.4 865.6 D 35 12S.17 071895415 Honey Creek Site 15 Near South West City, Mo. 36 32 38 94 38 34.75 845.6 D 35 12S.18 071895416 Honey Creek Site 16 Near South West City, Mo. 36 32 57.35 94 38 51.52 838.8 D 35 12S.19 071895418 Honey Creek Site 18 Near South West City, Mo. 36 33 37.98 94 39 54.44 812.5 M 36 11S.20 07189542 Honey Creek near South West City, Mo. 36 32 56.15 94 41 01.50 796.5 D 54 16S.21 071895421 Honey Creek Site 21 Near South West City, Mo. 36 32 24.12 94 41 38.38 783.4 D 62 18
60 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000 Appendix 3. Water properties, concentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, iron, manganese, and arsenic and δ values in permil of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water samples collected August 23-27, 1999, and March 22, 2000 Groups: 1, poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall; 2, Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek gage; 3, Honey Creek upstream of confluence; 4, upgradient well, 5, downgradient well; °

C, degerees Celsius;

μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25°C; --, no data available; field, parameter measured in the field; dissolved, determined in filtered sample; total, determined in unfiltered sample; mg/L, milligrams per liter; mg/L as CaCO3, milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate; it, incremental; HCO3, bicarbonate; SO4, sulfate; <, less than; SiO2, silicon dioxide; mg/L as N, milligrams per liter as nitrogen; as P, as phosphorus; as PO4, as phosphate; μg/L, micrograms per liter; E—concentration was detected but was less than provisional method detection limit, and greater than the lowest calibration standard; δ, delta; VSMOW,

Vienna standard mean ocean water; all samples were analyzed by the National Water quality laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey]

Site

number

(shown in

figure 5)

Station name Date Time Site identifier Record number Group

Water properties

Specific

conductance

(μS/cm)

pH, field

(standard

units)

Surface water

Outfall Poultry processing plant outfall 03-22-00 0930 363237094363001 00000223 1 2,020 7.2

S.2 Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Mo 08-20-99 1045 07189540 99900783 2 924 7.7

Cave Springs Branch near South West City, Mo 03-22-00 0745 00000221 2 1,420 7.4

S.3 Cave Springs Branch Site 3 near South West City, Mo 08-19-99 1600 071895403 99900789 2 881 8.2S.4 O’Brien Spring 08-19-99 1530 363303094372801 99900961 2 1,140 7.2

S.10 Cave Springs Branch Site 7 near South West City, Mo 08-17-99 1145 071895407 99900812 2 1,100 8.1S.11 Cave Springs Branch Site 8 near South West City, Mo 08-17-99 1415 071895408 99900813 2 965 8.2S.17 Honey Creek Site 15 near South West City, Mo 08-18-99 1315 071895415 99900814 2 285 7.9S.20 Honey Creek near South West City, Mo 08-18-99 1745 07189542 99900815 3 -- 7.8

Well water

W.5 24N-25E-15 CCC 01 08-17-99 1500 363321094374401 99900957 5 390 7.1W.6 24N-25E-22 BCB 01 08-20-99 1300 363300094374501 99900950 4 215 7.4

W.10 24N-25E-16 ABB 01 08-24-99 1015 363402094382401 99900951 4 387 7.3

24N-25E-16 ABB 01 09-14-99 1450 99900952 4 362 7.0

W.11 24N-25E-16 CDA 01 08-19-99 1630 363330094382801 99901059 4 357 6.9W.17 24N-25E-17 DDD 01 08-17-99 1300 363320094385301 99900960 4 353 6.9W.18 24N-25E-17 DAD 01 08-18-99 1200 363333094385401 99900958 5 301 6.9W.28 24N-25E-19 AAA 01 08-19-99 1100 363311094400201 99900962 5 406 7.1W.29 24N-25E-19 DCD 01 08-19-99 0830 363224094401701 99900959 4 445 6.9W.31 24N-24E-24 DDA 01 08-20-99 1000 363232094410401 99900954 4 421 6.8W.31 24N-24E-24 DDA 01 08-20-99 1001 363232094410401 99900020 4 421 6.8W.35 24N-24E-24 BBA 01 08-18-99 1000 363311094415201 99900956 4 427 6.7
Appendixes 61

Appendix 3. Water properties, concentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, iron, manganese, and arsenic and δ values in permil of stable isotopes of hydrogen andoxygen in water samples collected August 23-27, 1999, and March 22, 2000—Continued

Site

number

(shown in

figure 5)

Water properties—Continued Major cations and related data

Temperature

water

(°C)

Oxygen,

dissolved

(mg/L)

 Oxygen,

dissolved

(percent

saturation)

Hardness

total

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

Alkalinity

dissolved

total it

field

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

Calcium

dissolved

(mg/L)

Magnesium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Sodium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Sodium

percent

Sodium

adsorption

ratio

Potassium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Surface water

Outfall 15.8 8.0 -- 220 161 66 12 261 67 8 54

S.2 24.5 11.7 144 180 134 60 7.3 107 52 3 25

14.1 8.1 -- 190 139 60 9.0 170 61 5 41

S.3 27.2 13.1 169 200 131 70 5.6 86 46 3 17S.4 28.0 4.1 54 190 130 63 7.7 133 56 4 28

S.10 21.7 9.5 110 190 148 64 6.5 102 51 3 22S.11 24.2 9.8 119 180 144 64 6.2 96 50 3 20S.17 24.5 8.8 108 130 131 47 1.7 5.4 8 .2 2.6S.20 25.7 6.8 -- 140 122 53 2.8 31 31 1 7.1

Well water

W.5 16.0 4.6 47 190 181 74 1.3 4.0 4 .1 .92W.6 17.2 8.9 95 110 107 41 1.2 1.9 4 .1 .44

W.10 16.0 8.3 86 200 190 79 1.0 2.9 3 .1 .57

15.9 9.5 98 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

W.11 17.3 .2 2 190 184 73 1.4 3.0 3 .1 .40W.17 17.7 8.9 96 170 155 66 1.1 2.4 3 .1 .84W.18 17.5 .4 4 140 138 54 1.4 4.8 7 .2 .87W.28 16.7 8.7 92 180 160 72 1.3 5.5 6 .2 1.8W.29 17.3 9.4 100 210 195 83 .96 5.0 5 .1 1.3W.31 15.7 2.0 21 220 196 84 2.4 4.8 4 .1 4.2W.31 15.7 2.0 21 220 196 83 2.3 5.0 5 .1 4.1W.35 17.4 1.0 11 190 198 69 3.6 10 11 .3 .35
62 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000 Appendix 3. Water properties, concentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, iron, manganese, and arsenic and δ values in permil of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water samples collected August 23-27, 1999, and March 22, 2000—Continued Site number (shown in figure 5) Major anions Silica, dissolved (mg/L as SiO2) Solids, residue at 180 °C dissolved (mg/L) Nutrients Bicarbonate, dissolved it field mg/L as HCO3 Chloride, dissolved (mg/L) Sulfate dissolved (mg/L as SO4) Fluoride, dissolved (mg/L) Nitrogen, ammonia dissolved (mg/L as N) Nitrogen, ammonia + organic, total (mg/L as N) Nitrogen, nitrite dissolved (mg/L as N) Nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate dissolved (mg/L as N) Nitrogen, nitrate calculated dissolved (mg/L as N) Nitrogen, total (mg/L as N) Surface water Outfall 196 384 185 <.10 8.6 1140 .78 2.1 .067 3.5 3.33 5.7 S.2 163 140 86 <.10 9.4 534 <.020 .75 .020 5.71 5.69 6.5 170 248 123 <.10 5.7 788 .09 2.1 .056 5.2 5.14 7.3 S.3 160 130 74 <.10 9.7 503 <.020 .62 .022 4.68 4.66 5.3 S.4 158 180 98 <.10 9.5 646 <.020 .67 <.010 8.06 8.06 8.7 S.10 180 150 90 .14 8.8 558 .023 .56 <.010 3.65 3.64 4.2 S.11 176 140 86 .11 9.1 542 .020 .49 <.010 3.59 3.58 4.1 S.17 160 10 4.3 <.10 11 164 <.020 <.10 <.010 1.94 1.935 -- S.20 149 44 26 <.10 11 267 <.020 .24 <.010 2.38 2.38 2.6 Well water W.5 220 8.0 4.5 .14 8.3 221 .029 E.08 .011 3.30 3.29 -- W.6 130 1.5 .79 <.10 8.2 124 <.020 <.10 <.010 .386 0.38 -- W.10 232 1.5 1.6 <.10 8.6 214 <.020 .16 <.010 1.21 1.20 1.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- W.11 226 1.5 4.8 <.10 8.0 206 <.020 .13 <.010 <.050 <.05 -- W.17 189 3.8 6.5 <.10 9.3 213 <.020 .24 <.010 4.61 4.60 4.8 W.18 168 2.2 7.8 <.10 9.1 172 <.020 .13 .024 1.49 1.47 1.6 W.28 195 9.8 13 <.10 11 247 <.020 .14 <.010 7.28 7.28 7.4 W.29 238 14 3.0 <.10 8.5 259 <.020 E.10 <.010 3.41 3.40 -- W.31 239 6.3 10 <.10 12 260 <.020 E.07 <.010 3.45 3.44 -- W.31 239 6.5 10 <.10 11 265 <.020 .53 <.010 3.39 3.39 3.9 W.35 241 5.5 9.9 .43 7.8 233 <.020 E.06 <.010 <.050 <.05 --
Appendixes 63

Appendix 3. Water properties, concentrations of dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, iron, manganese, and arsenic and δ values in permil of stable isotopes of hydrogen andoxygen in water samples collected August 23-27, 1999, and March 22, 2000—Continued

Site

number

(shown

in

figure 5)

Nutrients—Continued

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Manganese,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic

dissolved

(μg/L)

Selenium,

dissolved,

(μg/L)

Stable isotopes

Discharge,

instantaneous

cubic feet

per second

Depth of

well, total

(feet)

δ Deuterium,

in permil

relative to

VSMOW

δ 18Oxygen,

in permil

relative to

VSMOW

Phosphorus

total

(mg/L as

P)

Phosphorus

dissolved

(mg/L as

P)

Phosphorusortho,

dissolved

(mg/L as

P)

Phosphate,ortho,

dissolved

(mg/L as

PO4)

Surface water

Outfall .206 .05 .01 .03 10 83 -- -- -- -- 2.24 --

S.2 .142 .132 .127 .39 E6.2 7.7 1 0.7 -31.3 -5.29 1.6 --

.286 <.05 .013 .04 E8.2 64 -- -- -- -- --

S.3 .220 .237 .231 .71 <10 8.0 <1 0.5 -32.6 -5.37 .16 --S.4 .290 .309 .287 .88 E5.8 3.6 <1 1.0 -31.1 -5.06 4.0 --

S.10 .262 .272 .276 .85 <10 12 <1 0.7 -32.2 -5.12 6.7 --S.11 .279 .275 .279 .86 <10 12 <1 0.7 -31.0 -5.15 5.8 --S.17 E.041 <.050 .032 .10 <10 <3.0 <1 < 0.4 -36.4 -5.94 12 --S.20 .150 .114 .146 .45 <10 E2.9 <1 < 0.4 -33.5 -5.69 15 --

Well water

W.5 <.050 <.050 <.010 -- 64 22 1 1.5 -35.7 -6.12 -- 150W.6 <.050 <.050 <.010 -- <10 <3.0 <1 0.8 -33.9 -5.92 -- 110

W.10 E.034 <.050 .014 .04 <10 <3.0 <1 0.6 -31.9 -5.73 -- 155

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

W.11 <.050 <.050 <.010 -- 19 E2.9 2 1.5 -33.4 -5.86 -- 456W.17 E.041 <.050 <.010 -- <10 <3.0 <1 < 0.4 -38.3 -6.21 -- 385W.18 E.032 <.050 <.010 -- <10 13 2 2.0 -37.4 -6.16 -- 292W.28 .059 E.032 .033 .10 <10 <3.0 <1 0.6 -38.1 -6.43 -- 420W.29 <.050 <.050 <.010 -- <10 3.5 <1 0.5 -35.0 -5.89 -- 125W.31 E.045 E.049 .059 .18 <10 E2.6 <1 1.5 -38.5 -6.22 -- 46.8W.31 .053 E.031 .055 .17 <10 E2.2 <1 1.5 -37.6 -6.31 --W.35 <.050 <.050 <.010 -- 96 13 <1 < 0.4 -35.7 -6.12 -- 350
64 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000 Appendix 4. Compounds detected by wastewater indicator compound determinations [Detected concentrations are shown in bold print; Groups: 1, poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall; 2, Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek gage; 3, Honey Creek upstream of confluence; 4, upgradient well; 5, downgradient well; *, indicates compound demonstrates poor or variable method performance, therefore, any detected values are always estimated (values probably are larger than reported value); total, determined in unfiltered sample; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated—concentration was detected but was less than method detection limit; --, no data available; SPIKE, recovery from water spiked with 1 microgram per liter of each compound; BLANK, organic free water] Site Number (shown in figure 5) Site identifier Date Time Group Detergents and metabolites Disinfectants Para- nonylphenol, total* (μg/L) Nonylphenol ethoxylate1, total* (μg/L) Nonylphenol ethoxylate1, total* (μg/L) Octylphenol, mono- ethoxylate* (μg/L) Octylphenol, di- ethoxylate*

(μg/L)

Phenol

(μg/L)

Triclosan

(μg/L)

Surface and Spring Water

Outfall 36323709436300 03-22-00 0930 1 E4.6 E11.3 E8.4 E2.3 E0.24 0.74 1.47

S.2 07189540 04-17-99 1000 2 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04S.2 07189540 08-20-99 1045 2 E0.42 E0.64 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 0.14S.2 07189540 03-22-00 0745 2 <0.50 <1.0 <1.1 <0.10 <0.20 0.42 <0.04

S.2 07189540 03-22-00 0745 2 <0.50 <1.0 <1.1 <0.10 <0.20 0.16 <0.04S.3 071895403 08-19-99 1600 2 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04S.4 363303094372801 08-19-99 1530 2 E0.50 E0.36 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 0.04

S.10 071895407 08-17-99 1145 2 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04S.11 071895408 08-17-99 1415 2 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04S.17 71895415 08-18-99 1315 3 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 0.07S.20 07189542 08-18-99 1745 2 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04

Ground Water

W.5 363321094374401 08-17-99 1500 5 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04W.6 363300094374501 08-20-99 1300 4 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04

W.10 363402094382401 09-14-99 1450 4 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 0.96 <0.04

W.11 363330094382801 08-19-99 1630 4 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 0.04

W.17 363320094385301 08-17-99 1300 4 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04W.18 363333094385401 08-18-99 1200 5 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04W.28 363311094400201 08-19-99 1100 5 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04W.29 363224094401701 08-19-99 0830 4 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04W.31 363232094410401 08-20-99 1000 4 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04W.31 363232094410401 08-20-99 1001 4 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04W.35 363311094415201 08-18-99 1000 4 <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04

SPIKE -- -- -- E0.86 E0.93 E0.62 E0.89 E0.82 0.73 0.90

BLANK -- -- -- <0.50 <0.80 <1.0 <0.10 <0.20 <0.15 <0.04
Appendixes 65

Appendix 4. Compounds detected by wastewater indicator compound determinations—Continued

Site

Number

(shown in

figure 5)

Fecal indicators Fire retardant Fragrance Fumigants Pharmaceuticals and food Plastics, polymers and

precursors

3BCoprostanol

*

(μg/L)

Cholesterol

*

(μg/L)

17BEstradiol* Tri (2-chloroethyl)- phosphate (μg/L) Aceto- phenone (μg/L) 1,4- Dichloro- benzene (μg/L) Naphthalene (μg/L) Caffeine Cotinine Bisphenol A (μg/L) Bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (μg/L)

Surface and Spring Water

Outfall E2.5 E1.9 E02.2 0.09 E0.10 E0.02 <0.03 0.81 <0.04 0.86 <1.5

S.2 <0.6 E1.5 -- 0.13 0.12 <0.03 <0.03 0.05 -- 0.25 <0.9S.2 <0.6 E0.62 -- 0.07 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 E0.7

S.2 <0.6 E0.47 <0.5 <0.04 <0.10 <0.03 <0.03 0.08 <0.04 <0.09 <1.5

S.2 <0.6 E0.88 <0.5 <0.04 <0.10 <0.03 <0.03 0.14 0.04 <0.09 <1.5

S.3 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9S.4 <0.6 <1.0 -- E0.03 <0.15 0.04 E0.03 E0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9

S.10 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 0.05 E0.02 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9

S.11 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 E0.02 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9

S.17 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 0.10 -- <0.09 <0.9

S.20 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 E0.02 -- <0.09 <0.9

Ground Water

W.5 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 1.5 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- 0.82 <0.9

W.6 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9

W.10 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9W.11 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 E0.04 -- 0.11 <0.9

W.17 E0.43 E0.62 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 E0.04 -- <0.09 <0.9

W.18 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9W.28 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9W.29 <0.6 <1.0 -- E0.04 0.93 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9

W.31 <0.6 <1.0 -- <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 E0.03 -- <0.09 <0.9

W.31 <0.6 <1.0 -- E0.03 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9W.35 <0.6 <1.0 <0.04 0.51 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 -- <0.09 <0.9

SPIKE E0.50 E0.47 E1.01 0.84 0.80 0.85 85 56 0.84 0.70

BLANK <0.6 <1.0 <0.04 <0.15 <0.03 <0.03 <0.06 <0.04 <0.09 <0.9
66 Reconnaissance of the Hydrology, Water Quality, and Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination in the Ozark Plateaus

Aquifer System and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999—March 2000 Appendix 4. Compounds detected by wastewater indicator compound determinations—Continued Site Number (shown in figure 5) Plastics, polymers and precursors Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Preservatives Surrogates Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

(μg/L)

Ethanol,

2-butoxyphosphate

(μg/L)

Pthalic

anhydride

(μg/L)

Triphenyl

phosphate

(μg/L)

Tributyl

phosphate

(μg/L)

Fluoranthene

(μg/L)

Pyrene

(μg/L))

2,6-di-t-pBenzoquinone

(μg/L)

Paracresol

(μg/L)

Butylated

hydroxytoluene-d9

(BHT-d9) (percent

recovered)

4-nNonylphenol

(percent

recovered)

Surface and Spring Water

Outfall <2.0 3.3 <0.20 E0.05 -- <0.03 <0.03 0.13 0.056 78 116

S.2 <1.5 <0.07 1.1 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 0.13 0.12 -- --

S.2 <1.5 0.34 <0.20 <0.10 0.32 <0.03 <0.03 0.19 <0.03 102 112

S.2 <2.0 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 -- <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.051 61 78

S.2 <2.0 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 -- <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.057 75 93S.3 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 77 85S.4 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 E0.02 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 84 79

S.10 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 0.04 89 74

S.11 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 0.06 75 75S.17 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 0.04 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 60 66

S.20 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 E0.02 <0.07 <0.03 55 58

Ground Water

W.5 3.0 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 73 79

W.6 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 40 57

W.10 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 70 71W.11 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 77 70W.17 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 90 85W.18 7.7 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 0.05 66 60

W.28 <1.5 0.20 <0.20 <0.10 0.08 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 91 81

W.29 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 83 88W.31 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 72 67W.31 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 97 84W.35 <1.5 <0.07 <0.20 <0.10 <0.06 <0.03 <0.03 <0.07 <0.03 71 86

SPIKE 0.94 0.93 0.60 0.71 1.16 0.85 0.68 1.14 0.94 64 75

BLANK <1.5 <0.07 0.30 <0.10 0.3 <0.03 <0.03 E0.05 <0.03 53 69
Appendixes 67