Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002

Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining

District, Northeastern Oklahoma and

Southeastern Kansas

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4248

Prepared in cooperation with the

OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
Cover: Photograph of Royal Mineshaft taken by Kelli DeHay, U.S. Geological Survey.
DeHay, K.L.—Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern Oklahoma and Southeastern

Kansas—USGS/WRIR 03–4248

Printed on recycled paper
U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and

2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the

Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

By Kelli L. DeHay

Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4248

Prepared in cooperation with the

OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
U.S. Department of the Interior

Gale P. Norton, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director

For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

District Chief

U.S. Geological Survey

202 NW 66 St., Bldg. 7

Oklahoma City, OK 73116

For more information about the USGS and its products:

Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS

World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/

Information about water resources in Oklahoma is available on the World Wide Web at

http://ok.water.usgs.gov

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply

endorsement by the U.S. Government.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: OKLAHOMA CITY 2003
iii

CONTENTS

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Purpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Description of study area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Field methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Statistical methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Water quality in 1976-77 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Water quality in 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 ground-water quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Water-quality trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Water-quality standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

References cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining

district in 1976-1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining

district in 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

FIGURES

1. Map showing location of mineshafts sampled in 1976-77 and 2002 in the Picher mining district . . . . . . . 3

2–-3. Graphs showing:

2. Water levels, pH, and temperature of water at selected depths in mineshafts sampled in 2002,

Picher mining district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.Waterlevels,specificconductance,anddissolvedoxygenofwateratselecteddepths

in mineshafts sampled in 2002, Picher mining district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.Scatterplotsshowingcomparisonofwater-qualityconcentrationsfromwatersamplescollected

in mineshafts in 2002, Picher mining district:

4. a) specific conductance and b) pH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4. c) alkalinity and d) sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4. e) calcium and f) magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4. g) cadmium and h) copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4. i) iron and j) lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4. k) manganese and l) nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4. m) zinc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5–7. Boxplots showing:

5.Selectedwater-qualityconcentrationsfromwatersamplescollectedinmineshaftsinthe

Picher mining district for periods 1976-77 and 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6.Selectedwater-qualityconcentrationsfromwatersamplescollectedinmineshaftsinthe

Picher mining district for periods 1976-77 and 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
iv

7.Selectedwater-qualityconcentrationsfromwatersamplescollectedinmineshaftsinthe

Picher mining district for periods 1976-77 and 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

TABLES

1.Summarystatisticsofwaterproperties,majorions,andtraceelementsforwatersamples

collected in 1976-77 from mineshafts in the Picher mining district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.Summarystatisticsofwaterproperties,majorions,andtraceelementsforwatersamples

collected in 2002 from mineshafts in the Picher mining district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
v

Conversion Factors and Datum

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F = (1.8 × °C) + 32

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm at

25 ̊C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or

micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Multiply By To obtain

Length

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m)

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km)

Area

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)

Volume

liter (L) 0.2642 gallon (gal)

Mass

ton, short (2,000 lb) 0.9072 megagram (Mg)
vi
Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water

Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District,

Northeastern Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

By Kelli L. DeHay

Abstract

The Picher mining district was the site of lead and zinc

mining from about 1900 to the mid-1970's. The primary sources

of lead and zinc were the sulfide minerals, galena and sphalerite, disseminated in the cherty limestone of the Boone Formation. Water was pumped from the mines while still in operation;

however, when mining ceased the mines began to fill with

water. Elevated concentrations of metals with depth indicate

there may be a substantial quantity of dissolved metals in the

ground water. There is concern that the mine water may continue to seep to adjoining portions of the Boone aquifer and to

creeks and streams in the area.

Water was sampled from abandoned mineshafts in 2002 in

the Picher mining area to assess water quality in the mines and

to determine how water quality has changed since the late 1970s

when similar sampling was conducted. Specific conductance in

2002 increased with depth in the mineshafts. The increases in

specific conductance were very slight until the bottom 20 to 40

feet of the shaft where substantial increases occurred. The pH

values in 2002 were generally uniform at the top of the water

column and were generally neutral. The lowest pH values were

measured at the base of most mineshafts. Concentrations of

metals and major ions from samples in 2002 varied with depth

and between shafts.

Specific conductance in 2002 samples was less than in

1976-77 samples. The 1976-77 and 2002 data sets for pH had

similar median values; however, the pH values from the 1976-

77 had a much greater range. Concentrations of metals, except

copper, from water samples collected from the mineshafts in

2002 were significantly less than concentrations of metals from

samples in 1976-77.

Introduction

The Picher mining district of northeastern Oklahoma and

southeastern Kansas, was the site of lead and zinc mining from

about 1900 until the mid-1970s (Christenson, 1995). The primary sources of lead and zinc were sulfide minerals disseminated in the cherty limestone of the Boone Formation1. Sulfide

minerals from the Boone Formation include: galena, sphalerite,

and the accessory minerals chalcopyrite, enargite, luzonite,

marcasite, and pyrite (McKnight and Fischer, 1970). Exposure

of these minerals to oxygenated water, such as when the mines

were in operation or filling with water, can create acidic solutions resulting in elevated concentrations of sulfate and metals

in the ground water, surface water, and sediments. However,

after the mines filled with water and contact with the atmosphere was negligible, the environment became reducing as

indicated by large concentrations of ferrous iron. The following

reaction describes the water in the Picher mining area as a result

of the two environments (Parkhurst, 1986).

4 FeS2 + 15O2 + 8CaCO3 + 18H20 ⇒ 8CaSO4 * 2H2O +

4FeOOH + 8CO2 (1)

Playton and others (1980) reported that water quality in

1976-77 was stratified in mined voids, with specific conductance, dissolved solids, sulfate, and metals increasing and pH

decreasing with depth. Mine water contains large concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sulfate, fluoride, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc (Christenson and

others, 1994). Increasing concentrations of metals with depth

indicate that there may be a substantial quantity of dissolved

metals in ground water in the mining district.

The Boone Formation is an important aquifer in the region

and is the source of base flow to streams in the Picher mining

1

Geological names and stratigraphic ages in this report are accepted by the Oklahoma Geological Survey and not necessarily the same as those used by the U.S.

Geological Survey.
2 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

district (Luza, 1986). Elevated metals concentrations in ground

water may seep to adjoining portions of the Boone aquifer,

creeks and streams in hydraulic connection with the aquifer,

and the underlying Roubidoux aquifer. The U.S. Geological

Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Oklahoma Department

of Environmental Quality, conducted a study in 2002 to re-evaluate the water quality in abandoned mineshafts in the Picher

mining district and determine whether the water quality had

changed with time. The information will better quantify the

effects of abandoned mines on aquifers, will provide water

resources information that will be used by multiple parties for

planning and operational purposes, and will contribute data to

national data bases used to advance the understanding of

regional and temporal variations in hydrologic conditions.

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this report is to assess water quality in

abandoned mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002, to

compare water quality in 2002 to water quality in 1976-77, and

to determine how the water quality has changed with time. The

scope of the work included sampling seven abandoned mineshafts at selected depths for analysis of water properties and dissolved metals to compare to past water-quality data. USGS personnel attempted to sample the same mineshafts that were

sampled in the 1976-77 study; however, many of these were

inaccessible so other nearby shafts were sampled for the study

described in this report (2002 study) (fig. 1).

Description of Study Area

The study area encompasses areas of the Picher mining

district in northeastern Oklahoma (fig. 1) and southeastern Kansas where abandoned mineshafts were sampled in 1976-77

(Playton and others, 1980). The abandoned mines are in the

Mississippian Age Boone Formation, which consists of chert,

limestone, jasperoid, and dolomite (McKnight and Fischer,

1970). The Boone Formation ranges from 350 to 400 feet thick

in the Picher area (Luza, 1986).

Ore production in the Picher mining district was active for

more than half of the 20th century. Lead and zinc ores were first

discovered in the Picher mining district in 1901, but the main

body of the ore was not discovered until 1912. Production of

ores increased rapidly between 1915 and 1920 due partly to

demand created by World War I (Playton and others, 1980).

Production reached a peak by 1925 with 387,000 tons of recoverable zinc and 101,000 tons of recoverable lead being produced (McKnight and Fischer, 1970). The mines maintained

moderate production levels until the 1950s when yields began

to decline. Most of the large mining operations then abandoned

the area, and only a small amount of ore was produced until the

mid-1970s (Christenson, 1995).

As the mines developed, a large network of underground

mine workings was created. The mines were dewatered during

mining operations, but once operations ceased, the underground

mine workings began to refill with water. The water entered the

mines from ground-water seepage and from runoff flowing into

mineshafts and air vents. The mines filled completely with

water by the late 1970s and began discharging mine water at the

surface.

Acknowledgments

Sincere thanks goes to John Mott, a local Picher resident,

and John Dalgarn, with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Mr. Mott

provided his time and assistance in locating mineshafts. Mr.

Dalgarn also was helpful in locating sampling sites and in providing access to sites on Indian trust land. The author also

thanks numerous individuals within the USGS for their assistance in various phases of the study. Special thanks to Kyle

Davis and Scott Strong for their help with the data collection, to

Barbara Pickup for providing training on sampling procedures,

and to Shana Mashburn and Caleb Cope for their assistance

with illustrations.

Methods

Water samples were collected in seven mineshafts and

hypothesis testing was used to compare water quality in 1976-

77 samples to 2002 samples in the abandoned mineshafts. Summary statistics were calculated for the 1976-77 and 2002 data,

and the water-quality data were compared using the Wilcoxon

rank-sum test.

Field Methods

Seven mineshafts were sampled during the 2002 study; six

were in Oklahoma and one was in Kansas (fig. 1). The mineshafts were sampled one time at multiple depths during late July

and early August 2002. The mineshafts sampled were the

Admiralty #3, Admiralty #4, Federal #5, Baby Jim, Royal, Consolidated #2, and Kansas 2. Sampling sites were selected based

on the location of sites sampled in the 1976-77 study. Attempts

were made to locate and sample the original mineshafts; however, six of the seven mineshafts were no longer accessible

because of fill-ins or collapses. The Consolidated #2 mineshaft

was the only site sampled in 1976-77 that was still accessible in

2002 (fig. 1). Alternate sites were selected as near as possible to

the 1976-77 sites.

The mineshaft sampling occurred in three phases: (1)

mineshaft profile of water properties with depth, (2) sample collection, and (3) sample processing. The mineshafts were typically 8 feet by 8 feet wide and were from 180 to 230 feet deep,

with the exception of the Kansas 2 mineshaft that was only 50

feet deep. It is unknown whether the Kansas 2 mineshaft was

simply a shallow mineshaft or if it had collapsed below the surface. A multiparameter probe was used to measure vertical profiles of water properties in the mineshafts. Specific conduc-
Methods 3

Picher

Cardin

KANSAS

OKLAHOMA

94°52' 94°51' 94°50' 94°49'

36°58'

36°59'

37°

37°01'

37°02'

012 Kilometers

012 Miles

KANSAS

OKLAHOMA

Tar Creek

Lytle Creek

Consolidated #2

Admiralty #3

Admiralty #4

Royal

Baby Jim

Federal #5

New Chicago

Skelton

Lavrion

Lucky Bill Birthday

Kansas 2

Base from U. S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1986

Albers Equal-Area Conic projection

Standard parallels 34° 00 ́ and 36° 30 ́, central meridian 98° W

Mine Workings

Kansas 1 Picher mining district

2002 and 1976-77 sampling site

EXPLANATION

2002 Sampling sites

1976-77 Sampling sites

Municipal boundary

Figure 1. Location of mineshafts sampled in 1976-77 and 2002 in the Picher mining district.
4 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

tance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations were measured at 10-foot intervals for the vertical extent

of each mineshaft. Near the base of the mineshafts the water

properties were measured more frequently than 10-foot intervals if substantial changes occurred in the water properties. The

multiparameter probe was calibrated at the beginning of each

day, using methods described in the USGS Water-Quality Field

Manual (Wilde and Radtke, 1998).

Point samples for the water-quality analyses from the

mineshafts were subsequently collected at selected intervals in

the vertical profile. Sampling depths within the mineshafts were

selected based on significant changes in specific conductance

and pH. Six of the seven mineshafts were sampled at six depth

intervals. The Kansas 2 mineshaft was only sampled at three

depth intervals because of the shallower depth. The mineshafts

were sampled using a 2.2-liter Kemmerer sampler made of clear

acrylic that was lowered to the selected sampling depths with a

rope and reel. These sampling procedures duplicated ones used

by Playton and others (1980).

In 1976-77 the mineshafts were sampled multiple times

over the course of a year with no areal or seasonal variation in

water quality reported (Playton and others, 1980). Therefore, in

the 2002 study the mines were only sampled once. In the 1976-

77 study, samples were analyzed for both total and dissolved

metals. However, samples in 2002 only were analyzed for dissolved metals, so only dissolved concentrations were used in

the statistical comparisons in this report.

Water samples were collected and processed using techniques described in the USGS Water-Quality Field Manual

(Wilde and Radtke, 1998). All samples were decanted from the

Kemmerer sampler and processed in a sealed chamber to prevent dust infiltration. Samples were analyzed for alkalinity,

major ions, and metals. Samples for major ions and metals were

filtered using a 0.45-micrometer capsule filter. One to two alkalinity titrations were run at each mineshaft for quality assurance. Three blank and three duplicate samples also were collected to evaluate the quality assurance of the environmental

samples. All samples were analyzed for alkalinity, major ions,

and metals by the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory,

Lakewood, Colorado.

Statistical Methods

Water-quality constituents from water samples collected

from the mineshafts in 1976-77 were compared to those collected in 2002. Statistical tests and comparisons were calculated

only for water properties and constituents that are designated

indicators of mine water for this system. These properties and

constituents include pH, specific conductance, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc. The minewater indicator constituents

were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, also known

as the Mann-Whitney test (Helsel and Hirsch, 1992). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used because it is a nonparametric test,

which does not require normally-distributed data. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test works on the ranks of the data instead of

the actual constituent concentrations. Censored data for each

constituent were assigned the same rank for calculating the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

The Wilcoxon rank-sum test has two hypotheses. The null

hypothesis was that the concentrations of chemical constituents

in the ground-water samples from the mineshafts were the same

in 1976-77 and in 2002. The alternative hypothesis was that the

concentrations in ground-water samples taken from the mineshafts in 1976-77 and 2002 were significantly different, meaning the 2002 concentrations were either greater or lesser than

concentrations in samples from 1976-77. The null hypothesis

was rejected if the p-value of the test was less than or equal to

0.05.

A second set of statistical tests also were run comparing

2002 minewater samples collected from depths 150 feet below

land surface and deeper to the 1976-77 minewater samples. The

condition of the hydrologic system at the time of the 2002 study

was different than it was in 1976-77. At that time the mines

were still filling with water. The average water level in 1976-77

when the samples were collected was 150 feet below land surface. By 2002 the water levels were stable about 30 feet below

land surface. The 1976-77 samples were collected at deeper

depths in the mineshaft because of greater depths to water compared to the 2002 samples. Samples collected in 2002 were

taken from the upper part of the water column as well as at

deeper depths that were sampled in 1976-77. To determine if

samples collected from the deeper depths had similar characteristics, statistical tests also were done to compare the 1976-77

data to 2002 data collected from depths of 150 feet below land

surface or deeper.

Water Quality in 1976-77

Summary statistics were run on the 1976-77 mine water

data, and may differ slightly from the summary statistics in

Playton and others (1980). New statistics were calculated

because different statistical methodologies were used for comparisons with the 2002 data (table 1).

Playton and others (1980) reported that water quality in

mines in the Picher mining district was not uniform with depth.

Specific conductance and water temperature generally

increased and pH generally decreased with increasing sampling

depth. Concentrations of dissolved solids and chemical constituents, such as total and dissolved metals and dissolved sulfate,

also increased with depth (Playton and others, 1980).

The mineshafts were sampled multiple times over a course

of a year in 1976-77 and no areal or seasonal variation in water

quality was found, but Playton and others (1980) reported that

water quality in the mines was stratified (Appendix 1).

Playton and others (1980) reported that water levels in the

mineshafts were rising in 1976-77. In one well that penetrated

the mine workings, the water level rose at an average rate of 1.2
Water Quality in 1976-77 5

Table 1. Summary statistics of water properties, major ions, and trace elements for water samples collected in 1976-77 from mineshafts in the Picher mining district[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, no statistic calculated.]

Percentiles

Constituents or water properties Statistics method1 Number of samples Min- imum 25 50 75 Max- imum

Specific conductance (μS/cm at 25°C) 1 139 740 1,360 2,850 3,820 4,950

pH, field (standard units) 1 147 3.4 5.3 6.4 7.0 8.6Water temperature (°C) 1 149 13.0 14.5 15.5 16.0 18.0Hardness, total (mg/L) 1 77 410 780 1,800 2,100 2,500Alkalinity, lab (mg/L as CaCO3) 1 77 0 0 29 90 308

Dissolved solids (mg/L, residue at 180°C) 1 74 622 1,215 3,130 4,935 5,920Calcium (mg/L) 1 77 120 250 480 500 600Magnesium (mg/L) 1 77 13 38 130 220 290Sodium (mg/L) 1 77 7.1 29 44 68 308Potassium (mg/L) 1 77 1.3 2.9 3.8 4.6 9.2Sulfate (mg/L) 1 77 320 760 2,100 3,000 3,500Chloride (mg/L) 1 77 0.5 4.6 6.8 8.1 85Fluoride (mg/L) 1 77 0.1 0.7 1.9 5.4 15Silica (mg/L) 1 77 4.9 8.8 11 13 22Aluminum (μg/L) 2 77 <10 50 600 5,500 42,000

Arsenic (μg/L) 2 44 0 <1 1 2.25 11Barium (μg/L) 2 44 0 50 50 50 600Cadmium (μg/L) 2 77 1 11 80 370 1,200
6 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Chromium (

μg/L) 2 44 0 0 10 20 140

Cobalt (

μg/L) 2 44 0 2.75 47 91.75 800

Copper (

μg/L) 2 44 1 3 8 51 260

Iron (

μg/L) 2 44 5 70 46,000 150,000 330,000

Lead (

μg/L) 2 77 0 7 69 250 500

Manganese (

μg/L) 1 77 10 160 1,900 5,500 14,000

Molybdenum (

μg/L) 3 44 0 -- -- -- 2

Nickel (

μg/L) 2 77 3 50 700 3,100 5,000

Selenium (

μg/L) 2 44 0 <1 <1 1 3

Zinc (

μg/L) 1 77 640 8,300 120,000 340,000 490,000

1 ordinary percentile calculation; 2, censored data present (Helsel and Hirsch (1992)); 3, no calculation, more than 80 percent of the data were censored.

Table 1. Summary statistics of water properties, major ions, and trace elements for water samples collected in 1976-77 from mineshafts in the Picher mining district—Continued.[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; --, no statistic calculated.]

Percentiles

Constituents or water properties Statistics method1 Number of samples Min- imum 25 50 75 Max- imum
Water Quality in 2002 7

feet per month. Water levels rose at greater than average rates

after periods of high rainfall.

Water Quality in 2002

Summary statistics of the chemical analyses were calculated for the water samples collected from the mineshafts in

2002 (table 2). Vertical profiles of the water-quality properties,

including specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved-oxygen concentration, were measured at 10-foot intervals in each mineshaft and more frequently near the base of the

mineshafts, if substantial changes in the water properties

occurred (figs. 2, 3). For better readability, the water properties

in figures 2 and 3 are shown at 20-foot intervals in the upper

part of the mineshafts and then at smaller intervals near the

bases of the mineshafts.

Specific conductance generally increased with depth (figs.

3, 4a). Increases in specific conductance were typically gradual

until the last 20 to 40 feet of the sampling column, below which

substantial increases were measured. Most of the mineshafts

had specific conductance field values that ranged between 500

and 1,500 microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm) in the upper

part of the mineshafts, and increased to over 2,500

μS/cm near the base of most mineshafts.

Within mineshafts, pH values were typically uniform in

the top of the water column and the values were generally neutral; however, the pH did vary between mineshafts (figs. 2, 4b).

The Consolidated #2 and Admiralty #3 mineshafts had pH values that were generally greater than in other mineshafts (fig. 2).

The lowest pH values were measured in samples collected at the

base of most mineshafts, and these samples were associated

with greater metals concentrations. The pH values measured in

samples from the Federal #5 and Baby Jim increased from near

the water surface to a depth midway through the water column

and then decreased at the bottom of the mineshaft, and pH values in the Royal mineshaft generally increased with depth.

These mineshafts had debris on the surface that may have contributed to the lesser pH at the top of the shaft (figs. 2, 4b).

Water temperatures generally decreased with depth in the

mineshafts. Some of the mineshafts had a slight increase in temperature at the bottom of the shaft (fig. 2).

Concentrations of major ions and metals varied between

the 2002 mineshafts sampled and with depth in those shafts

(Appendix 2). Comparisons of concentrations of the minewater

indicator constituents between the mineshafts and with depth

are shown in figure 4.

In the Admiralty #3 mineshaft, alkalinity decreased from

150 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to 60 mg/L of CaCO3 in the last

10 feet of the shaft, corresponding to a decrease in pH with

depth (figs. 4b, 4c).Concentrations of calcium and magnesium

increased with depth (figs. 4e, 4f). Concentrations of sulfate,

iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc increased in the lowest 10 feet

of the water column; whereas, cadmium and lead concentrations decreased in this last 10 feet (figs. 4d-4m).

The Admiralty #4 mineshaft (fig. 1) is adjacent to Tar

Creek in the study area. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations at

this site were less than 1.0 mg/L (except near the water surface)

and specific conductance was greater than 2,500 μS/cm

throughout the mineshaft (fig. 3). The pH remained consistent

around 6.1 throughout the shaft (fig. 2). The water column also

had fairly consistent concentrations of constituents, with most

concentrations substantially greater than concentrations in the

other mineshafts (fig. 4). Concentrations throughout the Admiralty #4 were typical of those at greater depths in the other mineshafts. Admiralty #4 is possibly in a discharge area for mine

water because the water-quality properties were elevated and

remained uniform throughout the shaft (figs. 2, 3).

In the Federal #5 mineshaft the water quality was more

variable than the Admiralty #4. Concentrations of most constituents were uniform throughout the mineshaft, except for iron,

manganese, and copper. Iron and manganese concentrations

increased until midway through the shaft and then began to

decrease with depth (figs. 4i, 4k). Copper decreased from 40

micrograms per liter (μg/L) to about 10 μg/L in the first 190 feet

of the shaft, increased to 20 μg/L, and then decreased to less

than 10 μg/L in the last 20 feet of the shaft.

Water in the Baby Jim mineshaft had increases in most

constituent concentrations with depth, except for cadmium and

lead, which decreased in concentration with depth (fig. 4). Substantial increases in sulfate, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc

concentrations occurred about 140 feet below land surface. This

increase could indicate water in mine rooms, or seepage from

contaminated water in the aquifer (fig. 4).

Water in the Royal mineshaft had specific conductance of

1,170 μS/cm near the water surface that gradually declined until

180 feet below land surface, where specific conductance then

increased from 850 to 1,200 μS/cm in the next 20 feet. (fig. 4a).

Sulfate concentrations in the mineshaft decreased with depth,

and cadmium concentrations increased from the water surface

to a point midway down the shaft but decreased at the bottom of

the shaft. Manganese concentrations decreased from about

1,600 μg/L near the water surface to about 200 μg/L over midway down the shaft and then increased near the bottom of the

shaft (fig. 4k). The Royal mineshaft had an abundance of debris

floating on the water surface of the mineshaft that could have

contributed to the quality of water at the surface.

The Consolidated #2 mineshaft is in the northeastern corner of the study area. The Consolidated #2 had dissolved-oxygen concentrations between 7.4 and 8.6 mg/L throughout the

entire mineshaft. Specific conductance remained about 550

μS/cm within most of the shaft but increased to greater than

2,600 μS/cm at the bottom of the shaft (figs. 3, 4a), and pH values were around 7 until decreasing to 6.1 in the last 10 feet of

the shaft (figs. 2, 3). Most constituents had consistent concentrations throughout the shaft, and most concentrations were less

than concentrations in the other mineshafts. The Consolidated

#2 had greater concentrations of cadmium, which decreased

with depth, and greater concentrations of iron at the
8 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Table 2. Summary statistics of water properties, major ions, and trace elements for water samples collected in 2002 from mineshafts in the Picher mining district

[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; MRL, minimum reporting level; --,no statistic calculated; ----, no censored data for this constituent.]

Percentiles

Constituents and physical properties Statistics method1 Number of samples MRL Min- imum 25 50 75 Max- imum

Specific conductance (

μS/cm at 25°C ) 1 39 ---- 547 883 1,180 2,630 2,800

pH, field (standard units) 1 39 ---- 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.5Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 1 39 ---- 0.1 0.3 0.9 5.3 8.7Water temperature (°C) 1 39 ---- 15.3 15.4 15.8 16.2 22.5Hardness, total (mg/L) 1 39 ---- 270 390 500 965 1,700Alkalinity, lab (mg/L as CaCO3) 1 39 1 59.0 70.5 88.0 129 167

Dissolved solids (mg/L, residue at 180°C) 1 39 ---- 384 522 761 1,520 2,660Calcium (mg/L) 1 39 0.01 88.7 136 152 308 569Magnesium (mg/L) 1 39 0.008 8.8 13 27.6 44.7 63.6Sodium (mg/L) 1 39 0.09 2.7 6.2 16.7 26.8 30.2Potassium (mg/L) 1 39 0.11 0.6 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.6Sulfate (mg/L) 1 39 0.11 200 255 414 861 1,590Chloride (mg/L) 1 39 0.33 1.1 2.0 2.2 6.8 11.6Fluoride (mg/L) 1 39 0.11 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.2 2.8Bromide (mg/L) 2 39 0.03 <0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08Silica (mg/L) 1 39 0.13 9.23 11.2 12.3 17.1 20.4Aluminum (

μg/L) 2 39 1 <1 <1 <1 20 241

Antimony (

μg/L) 2 39 0.05 <0.05 0.07 0.12 0.19 0.23
Water Quality in 2002 9

Arsenic (μg/L) 2 39 2 <2 <2 <2 8.5 26

Barium (μg/L) 1 39 1 6.0 8.0 14 17 25Beryllium (μg/L) 2 39 0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 0.1 0.3

Cadmium (μg/L) 1 39 0.04 0.10 1.22 8.26 12.7 111

Chromium (μg/L) 3 39 0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 -- 1.7

Cobalt (μg/L) 1 39 0.02 0.29 0.67 10.5 22.2 39.4

Copper (μg/L) 1 39 0.23 1.4 3.9 8.6 17.9 75.7

Iron (μg/L) 2 39 10 <10 <10. 22 27,400 56,300

Lead (μg/L) 2 39 0.08 <0.08 0.1 1.0 4.2 32.7Manganese (μg/L) 1 39 0.10 0.3 56 375 943 1,550

Molybdenum (μg/L) 2 39 0.20 <0.2 <0.2 0.3 0.85 4.4Nickel (μg/L) 1 39 .06 7.88 12.8 25.0 141 362

Selenium (μg/L) 2 39 2 <2 <2 <2 -- 5

Silver (μg/L) 3 39 1 <1 -- -- -- <1Zinc (μg/L) 1 39 1 1,040 1,775 2,140 7,300 11,100

Uranium (μg/L) 1 39 0.02 0.1 0.3 0.7 2.4 3.9

1Statistical Method 1. ordinary percentile calculation; 2,.censored data present, (Helsel and Hirsch, 1992), 3. no calculation, more than 80 percent of the data were censored.

Table 2. Summary statistics of water properties, major ions, and trace elements for water samples collected in 2002 from mineshafts in the Picher mining district—Continued.[μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter; °C, degrees Celsius; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; MRL, minimum reporting level; --,no statistic calculated; ----, no censored data for this constituent.]

Percentiles

Constituents and physical properties Statistics method1 Number of samples MRL Min- imum 25 50 75 Max- imum
10 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

Admiralty #3 Admiralty #4 Federal #5 Baby Jim Royal Consolidated #2 Kansas 2

850800750700650600550

16.0

15.4

15.4

15.4

15.3

15.315.3

15.3

15.3

15.4

21.3

15.3

15.315.315.315.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.6

18.2

16.315.915.8

15.8

15.815.815.815.8

16.1

16.1

20.8

16.015.8

15.7

15.715.7

15.7

15.9

15.9

19.5

18.9

18.217.8

17.4

17.1

16.8

16.5

16.3

15.815.8

20.2

18.1

16.8

16.2

15.8

15.5

15.4

15.415.415.4

23.6

21.1

19.5

18.0

16.8

7.3

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.35.9

5.8

6.1

6.16.1

6.1

6.1

6.16.16.1

6.26.2

6.3

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.76.7

6.7

6.0

6.2

6.4

6.56.76.7

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.2

6.1

5.75.7

5.8

5.9

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.5

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.2

7.3

7.3

7.37.3

7.3

7.3

6.76.56.56.5

6.5

ALTITUDE, IN FEET, ABOVE NAVD 88

MINESHAFTS SAMPLED IN 2002

WATER LEVEL

WaterTemperaturein degreesCelsius

pH inStandardUnits

7.5

7.2

WATER LEVEL

15.715.8

6.16.1

Figure 2. Water levels, pH, and temperature of water at selected depths in mineshafts sampled in 2002, Picher mining district.
Water Quality in 2002 11 Admiralty #3 Admiralty #4 Federal #5 Baby Jim Royal Consolidated #2 Kansas 2

850800750700650600550

729

710

711

710

702702

703

882

884

2,750

2,520

2,630

2,630

2,6302,630

2,630

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,670

2,910

1,130

1,060

1,020

1,020

1,0101,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

2,640

2,810

450

622

625625625

923

935

2,330

2,520

1,170

1,130

1,070

1,030

973

930

896865845

1,200

1,250

548

553

550

542

544

547

547

547549550

1,350

1,310

1,270

1,250

1,230

8.9

8.7

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.6

7.8

7.5

0.3

3.2

1.2

0.80.6

0.5

0.50.40.3

0.3

0.30.2

3.12.4

1.61.61.6

1.6

1.51.5

1.5

0.20.1

0.8

0.6

0.50.4

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.20.2

1.0

0.5

1.41.4

1.7

1.8

1.3

1.41.5

0.7

0.7

8.5

8.1

7.8

7.2

7.0

7.3

7.67.6

7.7

8.7

7.35.95.55.3

4.8

ALTITUDE, IN FEET, ABOVE NAVD 88

MINESHAFTS SAMPLED IN 2002

WATER LEVEL

SpecificConductancein microsiemens percentimeter at25 degreesCelsius

DissolvedOxygen inmilligramsper liter

Water Level

1,740 1.9

2,6402,780

1.10.3

Figure 3. Water levels, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen of water at selected depths in mineshafts sampled in 2002, Picher mining district.
12 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE, IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 CELSIUS

Admiralty #3

Admiralty #4

Federal #5

Baby Jim

Royal

Consolidated #2

Kansas 2

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

EXPLANATION

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

pH, IN STANDARD UNITS

a)

b)

O

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

0

50

100

150

200

250

5.6 6.1 6.6 7.1 7.6

0

50

100

150

200

250

Figure 4. Comparison of water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in 2002,

Picher mining district, a) specific conductance and b) pH.
Water Quality in 2002 13

ALKALINITY, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER AS CaCO3

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0

50

100

150

200

250

Admiralty #3

Admiralty #4

Federal #5

Baby Jim

Royal

Consolidated #2

Kansas 2

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

EXPLANATION

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800

0

50

100

150

200

250

SULFATE, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

c)

d)

Figure 4. Comparison of water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in

2002, Picher mining district, c) alkalinity and d) sulfate.
14 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

CALCIUM, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Admiralty #3

Admiralty #4

Federal #5

Baby Jim

Royal

Consolidated #2

Kansas 2

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

EXPLANATION

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

MAGNESIUM, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

e)

f)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

0

50

100

150

200

250

Figure 4. Comparison of water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in

2002, Picher mining district, e) calcium and f) magnesium.
Water Quality in 2002 15

CADMIUM, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

Admiralty #3

Admiralty #4

Federal #5

Baby Jim

Royal

Consolidated #2

Kansas 2

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

EXPLANATION

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

COPPER, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

g)

h)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 20 40 60 80

0

50

100

150

200

250

Figure 4. Comparison of water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in

2002, Picher mining district, g) cadmium and h) copper.
16 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

IRON, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

Admiralty #3

Admiralty #4

Federal #5

Baby Jim

Royal

Consolidated #2

Kansas 2

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

EXPLANATION

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

LEAD, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

i)

j)

100 101 102 103 104 105

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

0

50

100

150

200

250

Figure 4. Comparison of water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in

2002, Picher mining district, i) iron and j) lead.
Water Quality in 2002 17

MANGANESE, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

Admiralty #3

Admiralty #4

Federal #5

Baby Jim

Royal

Consolidated #2

Kansas 2

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

EXPLANATION

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

NICKEL, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

k)

l)

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 10 100 1,000

0

50

100

150

200

250

Figure 4. Comparison of water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in

2002, Picher mining district, k) manganese and l) nickel.
18 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

ZINC, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

Admiralty #3

Admiralty #4

Federal #5

Baby Jim

Royal

Consolidated #2

Kansas 2

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

EXPLANATION

m) 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000

0

50

100

150

200

250

Figure 4. Comparison of water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in

2002, Picher mining district, m) zinc.

bottom of the shaft. Iron concentrations in the bottom of the

shaft increased from 15 μg/L to 10,600 μg/L in a 6-foot interval.

Zinc concentrations also increased at the bottom of the shaft

(fig. 4m).

The Kansas 2 mineshaft (fig. 1) was only sampled at three

depths. Most constituent concentrations were consistent

throughout the shaft. Concentrations of cadmium and zinc at

this site were generally greater when compared to other mineshafts (fig. 4). Dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from

7.3 mg/L near the water surface to 4.8 mg/L at the bottom of the

shaft; however, the mineshaft was only 50 feet deep.

Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 GroundWater Quality

Water-Quality Trends

Water-quality data from all samples collected from mineshafts in 1976-77 were compared to water-quality data from all

samples collected from mineshafts in 2002 using the Wilcoxon

rank-sum test (Helsel and Hirsch, 1992) which can produce a pvalue as a measure of the probability of similarity of data

groups. The lesser p-values indicate less likelihood of the null

hypothesis being significant.

The samples in 2002 were collected from the upper part of

the water column and at depths that corresponded to depth sampled in 1976-77. To determine if samples collected from the

deeper depths had similar characteristics, statistical tests also

were run for the 1976-77 data and compared to 2002 data that

were sampled from the deeper depths.

The Wilcoxon rank sum tests returned similar results for

the data from all samples and for the data from only the deeper

depths. Therefore, only results from the comparison of all samples collected in 1976-77 and all samples collected in 2002 are

discussed in this report.

The Wilcoxon rank-sum tests indicate that the concentrations of most minewater indicator constituents were greater in

1976-77 data than in 2002 data. P-values for the Wilcoxon ranksum test were less than 0.05 for all minewater indicators except

pH and copper (figs. 5, 6). The p-value for pH was 0.2946 indicating that pH was not significantly different in the 1976-77 and

2002 data. The 1976-77 and 2002 data sets had similar median

values; however, the pH values from the 1976-77 data had a

much greater range. The 2002 data had fewer outlier data, indi-
Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Ground-Water Quality 19

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

77 39

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

77 39

1976-77

WATER

SAMPLES

2002

WATER

SAMPLES

p-value < 0.0001

p-value < 0.0001

Outlier

95th percentile

75th percentile

Median

25th percentile

5th percentile

Outlier

EXPLANATION

77 number of samples

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

147 39

p-value = 0.2946

pH, IN STANDARD UNITS

ALKALINITY, IN MILLIGRAMS PER

LITER AS CaC0

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

139 39

p-value < 0.0001

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE, IN MICROSIEMENS

PER CENTIMETER AT 25 CELSIUS MAGNESIUM, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

77 39

p-value < 0.0001

CALCIUM, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

77 39

1976-77

WATER

SAMPLES

2002

WATER

SAMPLES

p-value < 0.0001

SULFATE, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

3

O

*

Figure 5. Selected water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district for periods 1976-77 and 2002. *Alkalinity samples in 1976-77 were whole water samples while alkalinity samples in 2002 were filtered

water samples.
20 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

77 39

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

77 39

1976-77

WATER

SAMPLES

2002

WATER

SAMPLES

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

77 39

1976-77

WATER

SAMPLES

2002

WATER

SAMPLES

44 39 104

103

102

101

100

10-1

p-value < 0.0001 p-value = 0.6123

p-value < 0.0001 p-value < 0.0001 EPA National Secondary Drinking

Water Standards

EPA National Primary Drinking

Water Regulations

Outlier

95th percentile

75th percentile

Median

25th percentile

5th percentile

Outlier

EXPLANATION

77 number of samples

IRON, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

LEAD, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

CADMIUM, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

COPPER, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

Figure 6. Selected water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district for periods 1976-77 and 2002.
Summary 21

cating the pH in 2002 samples was more consistent than in

1976-77 samples.

The p-value calculated for copper by the Wilcoxon ranksum test was 0.6123, indicating that the concentrations were not

significantly different in 1976-77 and 2002 data. The median

value of copper was similar in both the 1976-77 and 2002 data

sets.

With the exception of pH and copper, the other mine water

data sets had p-values of less than 0.0001 calculated for the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The p-value of less than 0.0001 leads to

the rejection of the null hypothesis for these constituents, meaning that the concentrations in samples collected in 2002 were

different than concentrations in samples collected in 1976-77.

Specific conductance is related to the concentration of dissolved constituents in the water. Specific conductance in 2002

samples was less than in 1976-77 samples (fig. 5 and tables 1,

2).Therefore, the lesser specific conductance indicates lesser

dissolved constituents. Playton and others (1980) also reported

that specific conductance and concentrations of metals

increased and pH decreased with depth.

The concentrations of metals in 2002 within individual

shafts were more consistent compared to 1976-77 concentrations, but concentrations varied between mineshafts. The

greater concentration of metals near the bases of the mineshafts

could represent water from the mine rooms, and not the mine

shafts, or could represent seepage from contaminated ground

water in other parts of the Boone aquifer. However, without

more information it is not possible to determine what is causing

the greater concentrations at the bottom of the mineshafts.

Concentrations of sulfate in 2002 samples were less than

concentrations in 1976-77 samples (tables 1, 2). The median

value for sulfate was 414 mg/L in the 2002 water samples;

whereas, the median value was 2,100 mg/L in the 1976-77 samples.

Minewater indicator constituents generally had lesser concentrations in 2002 than in 1976-77 (figs. 6, 7 and tables 1, 2).

For example, the median concentration of zinc was 2,140 μg/L

in 2002 and it was 120,000 μg/L in 1976-77. There also was

variability in concentrations within the mineshafts in 2002. The

varying concentrations of metals and ions between mineshafts

could indicate differences in the system hydrology. The Consolidated #2 mineshaft and the Admiralty #3 mineshaft had greater

dissolved-oxygen concentrations and lesser concentrations of

metals and ions throughout the water column compared to other

sampled mineshafts which indicates the sites may be recharge

zones. The Admiralty #3 had a substantial decrease in dissolved

oxygen and increase in metals and ions concentrations at the

base of the shaft, indicating that the sample was collected from

a mine room and not the mineshafts.

Greater concentrations of iron, manganese, nickel, and

zinc were detected in the mineshafts that had less dissolved

oxygen in the water. These metals precipitate out of solution to

form oxide minerals in the presence of oxygen in the water.

Also, in samples with greater concentrations of those metals,

concentrations of lead and cadmium tended to be less. Lead and

cadmium concentrations tended to be greater at the water surface than at the bottom of some mineshafts.

Water-Quality Standards

Many of the metals sampled in the 2002 study are regulated by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)

to protect human health and the environment. The USEPA

(2002) established National Primary Drinking Water Regulations which protect human health, and National Secondary

Drinking Water Standards that are designated to maintain the

aesthetic quality (odor, taste, color) of the water.

The primary regulations of 5 μg/L for cadmium were

exceeded in over 50 percent of the 2002 samples (fig. 6). Also

in 2002 the secondary standards of 300 μg/L for iron, 100 μg/L

for nickel, and 5,000 μg/L for zinc were exceeded in over 25

percent of the samples, and the secondary standard of 50 μg/L

for manganese was exceeded in almost 75 percent of the samples (figs. 6, 7). Lead did not exceed the primary regulations of

15 μg/L; however, lead is not readily soluble in most water.

Contaminated water in the mineshafts may seep to adjoining less contaminated portions of the Boone aquifer, creeks and

streams in hydraulic connection with the aquifer, and the underlying Roubidoux aquifer, the sole source of potable ground

water in the area.

Summary

The Picher mining district of northeastern Oklahoma and

southeastern Kansas was the site of lead and zinc mining from

about 1900 until the mid-1970s. The primary sources of lead

and zinc were sulfide minerals disseminated in the cherty limestone of the Boone Formation. Sulfide minerals from the Boone

Formation include: sphalerite, galena, and the accessory minerals chalcopyrite, enargite, luzonite, marcasite, and pyrite. Exposure of these minerals to oxygenated water can create solutions

with elevated concentrations of major ions and metals in ground

water, surface water, and sediments.

A 1976-77 study of the ground-water quality in the Boone

aquifer through sampling of open mineshafts, concluded that

water quality was stratified in mined voids, with specific conductance, dissolved solids, sulfate, and metals increasing and

pH decreasing with depth. Greater concentrations of most metals in water in the mineshafts compared to other parts of the

Boone aquifer and increasing concentrations of metals with

depth indicate that there was a substantial quantity of dissolved

metals in ground water in the mining district. The 1976-77

study reported that water in seven mineshafts in the Picher mining district was not uniform with depth. The mines were sampled multiple times over the course of a year and no areal or seasonal variation in water quality was reported, but water in the

mines was reported to be stratified. Specific conductance and

water temperature tended to increase and pH tended to decrease

with depth. Concentrations of dissolved solids and chemical
22 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas

100

101

102

103

104

77 39

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

77 39

102

103

104

105

106

77 39

1976-77

WATER

SAMPLES

2002

WATER

SAMPLES

1976-77

WATER

SAMPLES

2002

WATER

SAMPLES

p-value < 0.0001 p-value < 0.0001

p-value < 0.0001

EPA National Secondary Drinking

Water Standards

EPA National Primary Drinking

Water Regulations

Outlier

95th percentile

75th percentile

Median

25th percentile

5th percentile

Outlier

EXPLANATION

77 number of samples

MANGANESE, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

NICKEL, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

ZINC, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER

Figure 7. Selected water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher

mining district for periods 1976-77 and 2002.
References Cited 23

constituents, such as total and dissolved metals and dissolved

sulfate, also increased with depth.

In 2002, seven mineshafts were sampled in the Picher mining area by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality. Attempts

were made to sample the same sites sampled in 1976-77, but

many of these sites were no longer accessible, so alternate sites

were selected as near as possible to the sites sampled in 1976-

77.

Vertical profiles of specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations were collected

from each mineshaft. Specific conductance tended to increase

with depth in the mineshafts. The increases in specific conductance were typically gradual until the last 20 to 40 feet of the

sampling column below which substantial increases were measured. In individual mineshafts the pH values were generally

consistent within the top of the water column. Lesser pH values

were measured at the base of some mineshafts, and at the water

surface in some of the mineshafts that had debris on the surface.

Water temperatures generally decreased with depth in the mineshafts, though a slight increase in temperature was measured at

the very bottom of some shafts.

In 2002, concentrations of major ions and metals varied

between the mineshafts and with depth. Most concentrations of

metals and ions were consistent through the shafts. Some of the

mineshafts had an increase in metals concentrations in the last

20 to 40 feet of the sampling column in the mineshaft. Increases

in metals concentrations at the bottom of those shafts could

indicate the quality of water in the minerooms rather than in the

shafts.

Greater concentrations of iron, manganese, nickel, and

zinc were detected in the mineshafts that had less dissolved

oxygen in the water. These metals precipitate out of solution to

form oxide minerals when in the presence of oxygen in the

water. Also, in samples with large concentrations of those metals, concentrations of lead and cadmium tended to be small.

Lead and cadmium concentrations tended to be greater near the

water surface than at the bottom of some mineshafts.

Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare waterquality data collected in mineshafts in 1976-77 to water-quality

data collected in 2002. The Wilcoxon rank-sum tests indicate

that the concentrations of minewater indicator constituents were

greater in 1976-77 than 2002 data. Specific conductance in

2002 samples was less than in 1976-77 samples. The 1976-77

and 2002 data sets for pH had similar median values; however,

the pH values from the 1976-77 data fall in a much greater

range. Concentrations of metals, except copper, from water

samples collected from the mineshafts in 2002 were significantly less than concentrations of metals from samples in 1976-

77.

References Cited

Christenson, S.C., 1995, Contamination of wells completed in

the Roubidoux aquifer by abandoned zinc and lead mines,

Ottawa County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey WaterResources Investigations Report 95-4150, 114 p.

Christenson, S.C., Parkhurst, D.L., and Fairchild, R.W., 1994,

Geohydrology and water quality of the Roubidoux aquifer,

northeastern Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 96, 70 p.

Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 1992, Statistical methods in

water resources, Studies in environmental sciences: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier, 522 p.

Luza, K.V., 1986, Stability problems associated with abandoned underground mines in the Picher field northeastern

Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular 88, 114 p.

McKnight, E.T., and Fischer, R.P., 1970, Geology and ore

deposits of the Picher field, Oklahoma and Kansas: U.S.

Geological Survey Professional Paper 588, 165 p, 11 pls. in

pocket

Parkhurst, D.L., 1986, Mine-water discharge, metal loading,

and chemical reactions in Ragone, S.E., ed. U.S.Geological

Survey Program on Toxic Waste: Ground water Contamination-Proceedings of the second technical meeting, October

21-25, 1985, Cape Cod, Mass.: U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 86-481, p. D5-D9.

Playton, S.J., Davis, R.E., and McClafin, R.G., 1980, Chemical

quality of water in abandoned zinc mines in northeastern

Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas: Oklahoma Geological

Survey Circular 82, 49 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002, List of drinking

water contaminants and MCLs: accessed June 30, 2003, at

http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/mcl.html.

Wilde, F.D., and Radtke, D.B., eds., 1998, National field

manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations,

book 9, chap. A6, variously paged.
24 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas
Appendixes
26 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas
Appendixes 27

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977[data from Playton and others, 19801; ANC, acid neutralizing capacity is an unfiltered alkalinity titration; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet)

Specific

conductance

at 25 ̊C, (μS/

cm)

pH

(standard

unit)

Temperature,

water ( ̊C)

Hardness total

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

ANC,

unfiltered,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Solids, residue

at 180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Lavrion

365732094502701 04/28/1976 1100 150 2,340 5.5 14.5 -- -- --365732094502701 04/28/1976 1200 160 3,420 4.8 14.5 1,700 <1 4,080365732094502701 04/28/1976 1300 170 3,720 4.8 14.5 -- -- --365732094502701 04/28/1976 1400 182 3,680 3.9 15.0 1,800 <1 4,650365732094502701 04/28/1976 1600 191 3,900 4.7 15.0 1,800 <1 4,360

Skelton

365738094495101 04/26/1976 1200 165 2,250 5.7 16.0 1,300 48 2,120365738094495101 10/18/1976 1350 160 2,360 5.1 16.0 1,300 7 2,400365738094495101 06/06/1977 1500 150 2,900 3.9 16.5 -- -- --365738094495101 06/06/1977 1530 165 3,200 3.4 17.0 1,600 <1 3,480

New Chicago

365754094493401 04/29/1976 1100 167 2,520 7.6 16.0 -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1200 174 2,500 7.6 16.0 1600 94 2,450365754094493401 04/29/1976 1230 179 2,520 7.3 16.0 -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1300 181 2,520 6.6 16.0 -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1330 183 2,680 5.4 16.5 -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1400 192 2,520 4.8 17.0 1,600 7 2,750365754094493401 04/29/1976 1600 197 2,850 4.9 17.5 1,600 5 2,930365754094493401 08/26/1976 1505 160 -- -- 18.0 -- -- --365754094493401 08/26/1976 1540 174 -- -- 18.0 -- -- --365754094493401 08/26/1976 1555 187 2,850 7.0 18.0 2,000 136 2,990
28 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365754094493401 08/26/1976 1605 197 3,840 3.8 17.5 1,800 <1 3,670 365754094493401 10/20/1976 1350 165 3,200 7.6 16.5 2,100 138 3,210 365754094493401 10/20/1976 1410 180 3,200 7.6 16.5 -- -- -- 365754094493401 10/20/1976 1430 195 3,200 4.8 16.0 1,900 4 3,480

365754094493401 12/06/1976 1445 165 2,650 7.0 14.5 2,100 77 3,170365754094493401 12/06/1976 1500 180 2,800 7.1 15.0 -- -- --365754094493401 12/06/1976 1530 195 2,950 4.7 16.0 1,900 <1 3,410365754094493401 02/17/1977 1620 165 3,150 6.2 14.5 2,000 20 3,090365754094493401 02/17/1977 1630 180 3,150 6.2 14.5 -- -- --365754094493401 02/17/1977 1640 195 3,200 4.2 15.0 1,800 <1 3,330365754094493401 04/21/1977 1220 165 3,000 7.1 15.0 2,000 90 3,060365754094493401 04/21/1977 1230 185 3,000 7.1 15.0 -- -- --365754094493401 04/21/1977 1240 187 3,300 4.4 16.0 -- -- --365754094493401 04/21/1977 1250 195 3,350 4.3 16.0 2,100 <1 3,630365754094493401 06/08/1977 0815 160 2,550 7.1 16.0 1,700 150 2,690365754094493401 06/08/1977 0845 180 3,300 4.6 15.0 1,900 <1 3,850365754094493401 06/08/1977 0900 187 3,300 4.4 16.0 -- -- --365754094493401 06/08/1977 0915 195 3,800 3.8 16.0 2,100 <1 4,800

Lucky Bill

365817094510201 04/22/1976 1000 178 1,850 6.5 14.0 910 308 1,580365817094510201 04/22/1976 1030 198 1,850 6.5 14.0 -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1115 204 1,750 6.5 14.0 -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1200 210 4,210 6.2 14.0 2,100 48 4,380365817094510201 04/22/1976 1300 216 4,630 5.6 14.0 -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977—Continued.[data from Playton and others, 19801; ANC, acid neutralizing capacity is an unfiltered alkalinity titration; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet)

Specific

conductance

at 25 ̊C, (

μS/

cm)

pH

(standard

unit)

Temperature,

water ( ̊C)

Hardness total

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

ANC,

unfiltered,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Solids, residue

at 180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)
Appendixes 29

365817094510201 04/22/1976 1400 222 4,950 5.6 14.5 2,200 21 5,470365817094510201 04/22/1976 1500 230 4,950 5.6 14.5 -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1120 170 760 6.9 14.0 -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1205 190 795 6.9 14.0 -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1220 205 880 6.9 14.0 450 202 687365817094510201 08/26/1976 1305 218 -- 5.9 15.0 -- - --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1335 228 4,770 5.8 15.0 2,100 1 --365817094510201 10/20/1976 0945 160 1,060 6.7 13.0 -- -- --365817094510201 10/20/1976 1010 190 1,030 6.7 13.0 520 177 830365817094510201 10/20/1976 1100 210 4,400 6.3 14.0 -- -- --365817094510201 10/20/1976 1135 225 4,800 6.3 14.0 2,400 9 5,920365817094510201 12/07/1976 1500 160 1,100 6.5 13.0 -- -- --365817094510201 12/07/1976 1515 190 1,100 6.5 13.0 580 237 904365817094510201 12/07/1976 1545 210 1,100 6.4 13.0 -- -- --365817094510201 12/07/1976 1600 225 4,560 5.9 14.0 2,300 29 5,370365817094510201 02/17/1977 1400 160 1,400 6.6 13.0 -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1415 190 1,380 6.5 13.0 640 254 1,030365817094510201 02/17/1977 1430 200 1,500 6.5 13.0 -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1445 210 4,200 6.1 13.5 -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1500 225 4,800 5.8 14.0 2,300 <1 5,230365817094510201 04/21/1977 1550 160 1,500 6.5 13.5 -- -- --365817094510201 04/21/1977 1600 190 1,500 6.5 14.0 780 260 1,200365817094510201 04/21/1977 1615 205 2,900 6.3 14.5 -- -- --365817094510201 04/21/1977 1640 225 4,800 5.8 15.0 2,400 <1 5,520

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977—Continued.[data from Playton and others, 19801; ANC, acid neutralizing capacity is an unfiltered alkalinity titration; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet)

Specific

conductance

at 25 ̊C, (μS/

cm)

pH

(standard

unit)

Temperature,

water ( ̊C)

Hardness total

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

ANC,

unfiltered,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Solids, residue

at 180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)
30 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365817094510201 06/07/1977 1215 155 1,100 6.5 14.0 570 250 910 365817094510201 06/07/1977 1240 190 1,450 6.6 14.0 -- -- -- 365817094510201 06/07/1977 1300 205 3,100 6.4 14.0 -- -- -- 365817094510201 06/07/1977 1315 225 4,200 5.9 15.0 2,400 5 5,650

Consolidated #2

365927094485901 04/20/1976 0930 179 920 7.8 16.0 -- -- --365927094485901 04/20/1976 1000 191 940 7.5 16.0 520 53 795365927094485901 04/21/1976 1100 210 1,040 7.2 15.5 -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1976 1200 227 1,080 6.9 16.0 550 47 841365927094485901 04/21/1976 1300 229 4,420 5.0 16.0 2,200 <1 5,160365927094485901 04/21/1976 1400 234 4,600 4.8 16.0 2,300 <1 5,380365927094485901 08/25/1976 1045 165 810 7.7 17.0 440 66 648365927094485901 08/25/1976 1120 185 -- 7.8 16.5 -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1135 215 -- 7.7 16.0 -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1155 225 -- 7.7 16.0 -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1310 230 4,670 5.3 16.0 1,300 1 --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1330 235 -- 5.0 16.0 -- -- --365927094485901 10/19/1976 1125 165 830 6.7 14.5 480 62 722365927094485901 10/19/1976 1200 215 840 6.7 15.0 -- -- --365927094485901 10/19/1976 1255 230 4,000 5.3 14.5 2,200 6 5,160365927094485901 12/07/1976 1000 165 900 7.4 14.5 520 58 768365927094485901 12/07/1976 1015 215 890 7.4 14.5 -- -- --365927094485901 12/07/1976 1045 230 4,650 5.5 15.5 2,400 16 5,090365927094485901 02/17/1977 0945 165 1,030 7.6 13.5 570 47 838

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977—Continued.[data from Playton and others, 19801; ANC, acid neutralizing capacity is an unfiltered alkalinity titration; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet)

Specific

conductance

at 25 ̊C, (

μS/

cm)

pH

(standard

unit)

Temperature,

water ( ̊C)

Hardness total

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

ANC,

unfiltered,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Solids, residue

at 180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)
Appendixes 31

365927094485901 02/17/1977 1130 215 1,080 7.5 14.0 -- -- --365927094485901 02/17/1977 1200 222 4,080 5.7 14.5 -- -- --365927094485901 02/17/1977 1215 230 4,280 5.3 15.0 2,200 <1 5,180365927094485901 04/21/1977 0900 152 1,170 6.8 14.5 -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1977 0925 165 1,080 7.2 14.5 570 45 845365927094485901 04/21/1977 0945 215 1,080 7.3 14.5 -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1977 1020 220 1,080 7.2 14.5 -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1977 1035 230 4,150 5.3 15.5 2,200 <1 4,970365927094485901 06/07/1977 0830 165 810 7.4 16.0 440 64 622365927094485901 06/07/1977 0845 215 740 7.6 15.5 -- -- --365927094485901 06/07/1977 0900 225 810 7.1 16.0 -- -- --365927094485901 06/07/1977 0915 230 4,100 5.6 16.0 2,200 <1 5,100

Birthday

365930094480001 04/23/1976 0930 168 4,100 5.2 16.0 2,200 7 5,150365930094480001 04/23/1976 1030 172 4,200 5.2 15.5 -- -- --365930094480001 04/23/1976 1130 175 4,200 5.2 15.5 -- -- --365930094480001 04/23/1976 1230 182 4,390 5.3 15.0 2,200 20 5,200365930094480001 08/25/1976 1630 160 1,060 7.2 16.0 540 88 864365930094480001 08/25/1976 1645 166 -- 3.4 17.0 -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1655 173 -- 3.7 16.5 -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1715 177 -- 4.2 16.0 -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1730 180 3,840 5.8 16.0 1,600 1 --365930094480001 10/19/1976 1520 162 1,900 6.0 15.0 890 42 1,590365930094480001 10/19/1976 1610 180 3,800 5.6 15.0 2,100 37 4,620

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977—Continued.[data from Playton and others, 19801; ANC, acid neutralizing capacity is an unfiltered alkalinity titration; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet)

Specific

conductance

at 25 ̊C, (μS/

cm)

pH

(standard

unit)

Temperature,

water ( ̊C)

Hardness total

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

ANC,

unfiltered,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Solids, residue

at 180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)
32 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365930094480001 12/07/1976 1220 160 1,550 6.6 14.5 830 92 1,390 365930094480001 12/07/1976 1225 170 3,300 3.8 15.0 -- -- -- 365930094480001 12/07/1976 1235 180 4,000 5.7 16.0 2,400 <1 5,000 365930094480001 02/18/1977 0845 145 3,000 5.7 15.0 -- -- --

365930094480001 02/18/1977 0905 160 3,850 5.0 15.0 1,900 <1 4,570365930094480001 02/18/1977 0920 170 3,850 4.5 15.0 -- -- --365930094480001 02/18/1977 0935 180 4,050 5.4 15.5 2,100 <1 4,860365930094480001 04/21/1977 1415 155 1,550 7.2 15.0 730 69 1,260365930094480001 04/21/1977 1425 167 3,650 5.3 15.5 -- -- --365930094480001 04/21/1977 1455 170 3,850 5.0 16.0 2,000 <1 4,300365930094480001 04/21/1977 1515 180 4,400 5.8 16.0 2,500 <1 5,100365930094480001 06/08/1977 1200 155 830 6.8 16.0 410 77 630365930094480001 06/08/1977 1220 162 830 6.8 15.5 -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1240 166 3,500 5.1 16.0 -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1300 170 3,800 5.0 16.0 2,200 <1 4,960365930094480001 06/08/1977 1325 175 3,800 5.3 16.0 -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1345 180 4,100 5.8 16.5 2,500 32 5,340

Kansas 1

-- 04/27/1976 -- 200 1,300 7.6 15.0 620 119 995-- 04/27/1976 -- 205 1,340 6.9 16.0 -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 211 1,800 6.2 16.0 -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 222 2,050 6.2 16.0 1,100 51 1,750-- 04/27/1976 -- 230 2,850 6.8 17.0 1,300 204 2,340-- 04/27/1976 -- 259 2,800 6.7 17.5 -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977—Continued.[data from Playton and others, 19801; ANC, acid neutralizing capacity is an unfiltered alkalinity titration; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet)

Specific

conductance

at 25 ̊C, (

μS/

cm)

pH

(standard

unit)

Temperature,

water ( ̊C)

Hardness total

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

ANC,

unfiltered,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Solids, residue

at 180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)
Appendixes 33

-- 04/27/1976 -- 287 2,850 6.7 17.5 -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 298 2,780 6.7 17.5 1,200 212 2,330-- 10/21/1976 -- 200 1,200 8.6 16.0 590 125 953-- 10/21/1976 -- 220 2,850 7.0 16.5 1,200 187 2,300-- 10/21/1976 -- 260 2,850 7.0 16.5 -- -- ---- 10/21/1976 -- 298 2,850 7.0 17.0 -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 180 1,200 7.5 16.5 -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 200 1,200 8.3 16.0 740 130 1,050-- 06/09/1977 -- 210 2,350 6.6 16.5 -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 220 2,750 7.2 17.0 1,200 190 2,270-- 06/09/1977 -- 240 2,650 6.7 17.0 -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 260 2,600 6.7 16.5 -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 280 2,650 6.7 17.0 -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 298 2,650 6.7 17.0 -- -- --

1Data retrieved from USGS National Water Information System data base on March 12, 2003. Differences between this data and Playton and other (1980) may be due to

Appendix 1.

rounding.

Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977—Continued.

[data from Playton and others, 19801; ANC, acid neutralizing capacity is an unfiltered alkalinity titration; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet)

Specific

conductance

at 25 ̊C, (μS/

cm)

pH

(standard

unit)

Temperature,

water ( ̊C)

Hardness total

(mg/L as

CaCO3)

ANC,

unfiltered,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Solids, residue

at 180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)
34 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued [data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected] Station number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Calcium, dissolved (mg/L) Magnesium, dissolved (mg/L) Sodium, dissolved (mg/L) Potassium, dissolved (mg/L) Sulfate, dissolved (mg/L) Chloride, dissolved (mg/L) Fluoride, dissolved (mg/L) Silica, dissolved (mg/L) Lavrion 365732094502701 04/28/1976 1100 150 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 365732094502701 04/28/1976 1200 160 470 120 45 4.0 2,500 7.2 9.8 13 365732094502701 04/28/1976 1300 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

365732094502701 04/28/1976 1400 182 510 130 55 4.5 2,900 8.0 15 17365732094502701 04/28/1976 1600 191 520 120 53 4.3 2,700 7.8 14 16

Skelton

365738094495101 04/26/1976 1200 165 450 38 22 1.8 1,300 4.7 1.8 12365738094495101 10/18/1976 1350 160 440 45 25 1.6 1,600 4.6 2.9 14365738094495101 06/06/1977 1500 150 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365738094495101 06/06/1977 1530 165 500 88 33 1.3 2,300 5.0 2.3 18

New Chicago

365754094493401 04/29/1976 1100 167 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1200 174 430 130 29 2.9 1,800 4.5 1.0 9.3365754094493401 04/29/1976 1230 179 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1300 181 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1330 183 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1400 192 490 82 28 1.9 2,000 4.6 2.2 11365754094493401 04/29/1976 1600 197 500 86 28 1.6 2,100 4.8 2.6 12365754094493401 08/26/1976 1505 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 08/26/1976 1540 174 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 08/26/1976 1555 187 520 170 34 4.1 1,900 8.8 1.1 14365754094493401 08/26/1976 1605 197 510 130 36 2.8 2,300 8.1 7.2 16365754094493401 10/20/1976 1350 165 490 210 140 4.3 2,300 7.4 1.9 12365754094493401 10/20/1976 1410 180 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Appendixes 35

365754094493401 10/20/1976 1430 195 510 140 36 3.1 2,300 5.8 5.4 14365754094493401 12/06/1976 1445 165 500 200 44.0 3.7 2,000 7.0 1.3 12365754094493401 12/06/1976 1500 180 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 12/06/1976 1530 195 510 140 36 3.1 2,600 5.6 2.9 15365754094493401 02/17/1977 1620 165 490 180 44 3.4 2,000 7.3 1.9 11365754094493401 02/17/1977 1630 180 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 02/17/1977 1640 195 500 140 39 3.2 2,200 14 3.9 14365754094493401 04/21/1977 1220 165 490 190 45 4.0 1,900 7.3 1.4 13365754094493401 04/21/1977 1230 185 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/21/1977 1240 187 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/21/1977 1250 195 600 140 39 3.2 2,500 72 8.0 15365754094493401 06/08/1977 0815 160 470 130 32 3.2 1,600 4.8 0.9 13365754094493401 06/08/1977 0845 180 530 140 38 3.5 2,400 5.4 8.3 19365754094493401 06/08/1977 0900 187 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 06/08/1977 0915 195 500 200 57 4.0 3,000 6.2 1.0 19

Lucky Bill

365817094510201 04/22/1976 1000 178 300 39 57 8.5 810 10 0.30 19365817094510201 04/22/1976 1030 198 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1115 204 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1200 210 500 210 68 4.5 2,800 13 5.0 8.1365817094510201 04/22/1976 1300 216 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1400 222 480 250 87 6.0 3,000 16 9.2 7.6365817094510201 04/22/1976 1500 230 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1120 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1205 190 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Calcium, dissolved (mg/L) Magnesium, dissolved (mg/L) Sodium, dissolved (mg/L) Potassium, dissolved (mg/L) Sulfate, dissolved (mg/L) Chloride, dissolved (mg/L) Fluoride, dissolved (mg/L) Silica, dissolved (mg/L)
36 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365817094510201 08/26/1976 1220 205 160 13 16 4.0 320 3.8 0.3 19 365817094510201 08/26/1976 1305 218 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 365817094510201 08/26/1976 1335 228 490 220 90 9.2 3,400 21 9.4 9.0 365817094510201 10/20/1976 0945 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

365817094510201 10/20/1976 1010 190 180 16 19 4.5 380 4.0 0.7 11365817094510201 10/20/1976 1100 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 10/20/1976 1135 225 470 290 92 8.2 3,500 23 7.5 7.8365817094510201 12/07/1976 1500 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 12/07/1976 1515 190 200 19 23 4.7 430 4.6 0.1 19365817094510201 12/07/1976 1545 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 12/07/1976 1600 225 490 260 81 7.0 3,100 20 6.6 8.8365817094510201 02/17/1977 1400 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1415 190 220 21 29 5.4 510 14 1.2 22365817094510201 02/17/1977 1430 200 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1445 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1500 225 480 260 82 6.5 3,300 18 7.4 10365817094510201 04/21/1977 1550 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/21/1977 1600 190 270 26 36 6.2 610 6.6 0.4 19365817094510201 04/21/1977 1615 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/21/1977 1640 225 520 270 85 6.8 3,500 15 7.9 11365817094510201 06/07/1977 1215 155 190 23 26 4.7 420 4.5 0.2 19365817094510201 06/07/1977 1240 190 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 06/07/1977 1300 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 06/07/1977 1315 225 500 280 86 6.2 3,400 15 7.9 10

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Calcium, dissolved (mg/L) Magnesium, dissolved (mg/L) Sodium, dissolved (mg/L) Potassium, dissolved (mg/L) Sulfate, dissolved (mg/L) Chloride, dissolved (mg/L) Fluoride, dissolved (mg/L) Silica, dissolved (mg/L)
Appendixes 37

Consolidated #2

365927094485901 04/20/1976 0930 179 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/20/1976 1000 191 170 24 10 1.7 460 2.1 0.3 10365927094485901 04/21/1976 1100 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1976 1200 227 180 25 11 1.8 520 1.7 0.4 9.8365927094485901 04/21/1976 1300 229 500 240 80 2.2 3,100 6.2 1.9 8.4365927094485901 04/21/1976 1400 234 520 240 8.0 2.2 3,200 6.8 1.6 9.8365927094485901 08/25/1976 1045 165 150 16 7.1 1.6 360 0.5 0.4 11365927094485901 08/25/1976 1120 185 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1135 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1155 225 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1310 230 340 100 43 3.4 1,600 9.1 1.7 11365927094485901 08/25/1976 1330 235 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 10/19/1976 1125 165 160 20 8.9 2.0 440 1.1 0.7 11365927094485901 10/19/1976 1200 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 10/19/1976 1255 230 510 230 81 4.1 3,400 7.0 2.4 7.7365927094485901 12/07/1976 1000 165 170 23 9.7 1.9 490 1.3 0.3 12365927094485901 12/07/1976 1015 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 12/07/1976 1045 230 560 240 77 3.9 3,500 7.0 1.9 9.2365927094485901 02/17/1977 0945 165 180 29 12 2.1 510 3.1 0.5 13365927094485901 02/17/1977 1130 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 02/17/1977 1200 222 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 02/17/1977 1215 230 520 230 81 3.6 3,300 6.8 3.5 8.0365927094485901 04/21/1977 0900 152 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1977 0925 165 180 29 12 2.1 500 1.8 0.6 12

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Calcium, dissolved (mg/L) Magnesium, dissolved (mg/L) Sodium, dissolved (mg/L) Potassium, dissolved (mg/L) Sulfate, dissolved (mg/L) Chloride, dissolved (mg/L) Fluoride, dissolved (mg/L) Silica, dissolved (mg/L)
38 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365927094485901 04/21/1977 0945 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 365927094485901 04/21/1977 1020 220 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 365927094485901 04/21/1977 1035 230 510 230 77 3.4 3,000 6.3 1.5 8.8 365927094485901 06/07/1977 0830 165 150 16 7.1 1.4 370 1.1 0.4 12

365927094485901 06/07/1977 0845 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 06/07/1977 0900 225 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 06/07/1977 0915 230 510 220 80.0 3.8 3,100 5.9 1.8 8.4

Birthday

365930094480001 04/23/1976 0930 168 490 230 52 2.7 3,000 6.7 8.1 11365930094480001 04/23/1976 1030 172 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 04/23/1976 1130 175 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 04/23/1976 1230 182 490 240 53 2.6 3,000 6.8 7.2 11365930094480001 08/25/1976 1630 160 160 35 29 3.7 520 3.2 0.4 6.8365930094480001 08/25/1976 1645 166 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1655 173 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1715 177 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1730 180 420 130 40 3.8 2,100 9.1 2.9 10365930094480001 10/19/1976 1520 162 250 64 40 4.9 1,000 4.7 1.8 6.4365930094480001 10/19/1976 1610 180 490 220 47 4.1 3,100 7.3 2.5 12365930094480001 12/07/1976 1220 160 230 62 63 6.3 870 5.5 0.5 7.8365930094480001 12/07/1976 1225 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 12/07/1976 1235 180 540 260 46 3.0 3,500 6.9 1.1 12365930094480001 02/18/1977 0845 145 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 02/18/1977 0905 160 480 180 54 4.2 2,900 7.4 8.6 13365930094480001 02/18/1977 0920 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Calcium, dissolved (mg/L) Magnesium, dissolved (mg/L) Sodium, dissolved (mg/L) Potassium, dissolved (mg/L) Sulfate, dissolved (mg/L) Chloride, dissolved (mg/L) Fluoride, dissolved (mg/L) Silica, dissolved (mg/L)
Appendixes 39

365930094480001 02/18/1977 0935 180 490 210 51 3.8 3,200 6.8 6.5 13365930094480001 04/21/1977 1415 155 200 55 59 4.6 760 3.4 1.1 4.9365930094480001 04/21/1977 1425 167 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 04/21/1977 1455 170 470 190 61 4.6 2,700 6.4 7.6 13365930094480001 04/21/1977 1515 180 570 270 47 3.2 3,100 6.9 1.2 12365930094480001 06/08/1977 1200 155 120 27 19 3.7 360 2.3 0.6 6.8365930094480001 06/08/1977 1220 162 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1240 166 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1300 170 500 230 63 5.0 3,200 6.9 8.6 14365930094480001 06/08/1977 1325 175 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1345 180 540 270 44 3.5 3,200 7.2 0.4 9.4

Kansas 1

-- 04/27/1976 -- 200 220 18 38 3.4 560 3.1 0.3 8.5-- 04/27/1976 -- 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 211 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 222 270 92 80 4.5 1,200 6.4 1.3 8.5-- 04/27/1976 -- 230 340 98 200 7.4 1,300 85 2.1 8-- 04/27/1976 -- 259 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 287 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 298 330 97 200 7.6 1,300 85 2.1 8-- 10/21/1976 -- 200 210 15 36 3.2 520 3.1 0.6 7.8-- 10/21/1976 -- 220 320 100 200 7.1 1,400 80 2.2 7.4-- 10/21/1976 -- 260 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 10/21/1976 -- 298 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 180 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Calcium, dissolved (mg/L) Magnesium, dissolved (mg/L) Sodium, dissolved (mg/L) Potassium, dissolved (mg/L) Sulfate, dissolved (mg/L) Chloride, dissolved (mg/L) Fluoride, dissolved (mg/L) Silica, dissolved (mg/L)
40 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas -- 06/09/1977 -- 200 270 16 22 2.9 600 2.3 0.3 9.2 -- 06/09/1977 -- 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 06/09/1977 -- 220 330 92 190 6.9 1,300 80 2.1 8.8 -- 06/09/1977 -- 240 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

-- 06/09/1977 -- 260 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 280 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 298 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1Data retrieved from USGS National Water Information System data base on March 12, 2003. Differences between this data and Playton and other (1980) may be due to rounding.

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Calcium, dissolved (mg/L) Magnesium, dissolved (mg/L) Sodium, dissolved (mg/L) Potassium, dissolved (mg/L) Sulfate, dissolved (mg/L) Chloride, dissolved (mg/L) Fluoride, dissolved (mg/L) Silica, dissolved (mg/L)
Appendixes 41

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Lavrion

365732094502701 04/28/1976 1100 150 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365732094502701 04/28/1976 1200 160 14,000 <1 <100 <20 30 40 140 76,000365732094502701 04/28/1976 1300 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365732094502701 04/28/1976 1400 182 29,000 <1 <100 10 60 40 160 130,000365732094502701 04/28/1976 1600 191 26,000 1 <100 10 60 40 120 130,000

Skelton

365738094495101 04/26/1976 1200 165 540 <1 <100 M U 90 M 140365738094495101 10/18/1976 1350 160 5,500 1 <100 470 <20 50 50 28,000365738094495101 06/06/1977 1500 150 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365738094495101 06/06/1977 1530 165 30,000 1 200 1,200 140 350 220 60

New Chicago

365754094493401 04/29/1976 1100 167 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1200 174 30 <1 <100 10 <20 90 M 40365754094493401 04/29/1976 1230 179 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1300 181 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1330 183 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1400 192 110 <1 <100 20 U U 20 100365754094493401 04/29/1976 1600 197 5,400 <1 <100 130 20 U 40 20,000365754094493401 08/26/1976 1505 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

365754094493401 08/26/1976 1540 174 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 08/26/1976 1555 187 80 -- -- <20 -- -- -- 80365754094493401 08/26/1976 1605 197 <100 -- -- 630 -- -- -- 67,000365754094493401 10/20/1976 1350 165 20 <1 <100 20 <20 M M 30365754094493401 10/20/1976 1410 180 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
42 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365754094493401 10/20/1976 1430 195 13,000 1 <100 410 30 60 100 55,000 365754094493401 12/06/1976 1445 165 10 -- -- 10 -- -- -- 30 365754094493401 12/06/1976 1500 180 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 365754094493401 12/06/1976 1530 195 14,000 -- -- 390 -- -- -- 59,000

365754094493401 02/17/1977 1620 165 820 -- -- M -- -- -- 30365754094493401 02/17/1977 1630 180 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 02/17/1977 1640 195 <100 -- -- 340 -- -- -- 41,000365754094493401 04/21/1977 1220 165 <100 -- -- 60 -- -- -- 60365754094493401 04/21/1977 1230 185 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/21/1977 1240 187 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/21/1977 1250 195 26,000 -- -- 560 -- -- -- 100,000365754094493401 06/08/1977 0815 160 10 <1 <100 10 <20 M M 50365754094493401 06/08/1977 0845 180 24,000 <1 200 510 60 400 130 120,000365754094493401 06/08/1977 0900 187 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 06/08/1977 0915 195 42,000 1 <100 860 140 600 260 210,000

Lucky Bill

365817094510201 04/22/1976 1000 178 10 <1 <100 M U M <20 290365817094510201 04/22/1976 1030 198 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1115 204 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1200 210 2,000 2 <100 420 <20 50 M 150,000365817094510201 04/22/1976 1300 216 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1400 222 5,700 7 <100 490 <20 40 10 270,000365817094510201 04/22/1976 1500 230 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1120 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1205 190 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)
Appendixes 43

365817094510201 08/26/1976 1220 205 20 -- -- <20 -- -- -- 370365817094510201 08/26/1976 1305 218 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1335 228 10,000 -- -- 370 -- -- -- 330,000365817094510201 10/20/1976 0945 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 10/20/1976 1010 190 <100 <1 <100 10 U M 10 20365817094510201 10/20/1976 1100 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 10/20/1976 1135 225 5,000 11 <100 330 <20 40 M 240,000365817094510201 12/07/1976 1500 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 12/07/1976 1515 190 <100 -- -- 10 -- -- -- 150365817094510201 12/07/1976 1545 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 12/07/1976 1600 225 5,000 -- -- 360 -- -- -- 270,000365817094510201 02/17/1977 1400 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1415 190 <100 -- -- <20 -- -- -- 70365817094510201 02/17/1977 1430 200 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1445 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1500 225 4,500 -- -- 340 -- -- -- 300,000365817094510201 04/21/1977 1550 160 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/21/1977 1600 190 <100 -- -- 140 -- -- -- 60365817094510201 04/21/1977 1615 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/21/1977 1640 225 5,000 -- -- 340 -- -- -- 290,000365817094510201 06/07/1977 1215 155 20 <1 <100 M U U M 20365817094510201 06/07/1977 1240 190 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 06/07/1977 1300 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 06/07/1977 1315 225 5,500 11 600 350 20 800 M 310,000

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)
44 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Consolidated #2 365927094485901 04/20/1976 0930 179 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 365927094485901 04/20/1976 1000 191 10 <1 <100 90 U U M <10 365927094485901 04/21/1976 1100 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

365927094485901 04/21/1976 1200 227 20 1 <100 100 U M M 670365927094485901 04/21/1976 1300 229 7,700 2 <100 780 20 50 70 130,000365927094485901 04/21/1976 1400 234 10,000 1 <100 930 30 60 100 130,000365927094485901 08/25/1976 1045 165 30 -- -- 110 -- -- -- 80365927094485901 08/25/1976 1120 185 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1135 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1155 225 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1310 230 5,000 -- -- 360 -- -- -- 210,000365927094485901 08/25/1976 1330 235 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 10/19/1976 1125 165 <100 <1 <100 80 U M M 40365927094485901 10/19/1976 1200 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 10/19/1976 1255 230 5,000 10 <100 540 <20 60 30 310,000365927094485901 12/07/1976 1000 165 <100 -- -- 70 -- -- -- 40365927094485901 12/07/1976 1015 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 12/07/1976 1045 230 5,000 -- -- 540 -- -- -- 290,000365927094485901 02/17/1977 0945 165 <100 -- -- 60 -- -- -- <10365927094485901 02/17/1977 1130 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 02/17/1977 1200 222 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 02/17/1977 1215 230 1,400 -- -- 600 -- -- -- 300,000365927094485901 04/21/1977 0900 152 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1977 0925 165 10 -- -- 80 -- -- -- 40

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)
Appendixes 45

365927094485901 04/21/1977 0945 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1977 1020 220 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1977 1035 230 4,500 -- -- 610 -- -- -- 270,000365927094485901 06/07/1977 0830 165 20 <1.0 <100 80 <20 M <2 70365927094485901 06/07/1977 0845 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 06/07/1977 0900 225 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 06/07/1977 0915 230 200 6.0 200 550 30 800 10 53,000

Birthday

365930094480001 04/23/1976 0930 168 8,600 1.0 <100 900 20 550 40 110,000365930094480001 04/23/1976 1030 172 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 04/23/1976 1130 175 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 04/23/1976 1230 182 8,900 2.0 <100 900 20 580 60 10,000365930094480001 08/25/1976 1630 160 40 -- -- 60 -- -- -- 210365930094480001 08/25/1976 1645 166 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1655 173 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1715 177 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1730 180 4,000 -- -- 230 -- -- -- 89,000365930094480001 10/19/1976 1520 162 600 1.0 <100 M U 70 M 13,000365930094480001 10/19/1976 1610 180 3,200 <1.0 <100 60 U 70 M 110,000365930094480001 12/07/1976 1220 160 <100 -- -- <2 -- -- -- 710365930094480001 12/07/1976 1225 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 12/07/1976 1235 180 2,000 -- -- 60 -- -- -- 83,000365930094480001 02/18/1977 0845 145 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 02/18/1977 0905 160 13,000 -- -- 360 -- -- -- 180,000365930094480001 02/18/1977 0920 170 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)
46 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365930094480001 02/18/1977 0935 180 7,900 -- -- 370 -- -- -- 200,000 365930094480001 04/21/1977 1415 155 20 -- -- 140 -- -- -- 140 365930094480001 04/21/1977 1425 167 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 365930094480001 04/21/1977 1455 170 11,000 -- -- 300 -- -- -- 170,000

365930094480001 04/21/1977 1515 180 1,000 -- -- 80 -- -- -- 200,000365930094480001 06/08/1977 1200 155 50 <1 <100 60 <20 M M 90365930094480001 06/08/1977 1220 162 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1240 166 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1300 170 2,900 3 <100 180 20 700 90 220,000365930094480001 06/08/1977 1325 175 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1345 180 <100 6 200 20 20 800 M 230,000

Kansas 1

-- 04/27/1976 -- 200 50 0 0 4 0 0 3 20-- 04/27/1976 -- 205 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

-- 04/27/1976 -- 211 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 222 80 0 0 4 10 170 3 44,000

-- 04/27/1976 -- 230 20 6 0 2 10 31 3 50,000-- 04/27/1976 -- 259 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

-- 04/27/1976 -- 287 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 298 10 6 0 6 10 36 10 46,000

-- 10/21/1976 -- 200 60 0 0 4 0 1 6 10-- 10/21/1976 -- 220 2,000 8 0 1 0 57 1 57,000

-- 10/21/1976 -- 260 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

-- 10/21/1976 -- 298 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 180 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)
Appendixes 47

-- 06/09/1977 -- 200 30 0 100 8 10 0 2 30-- 06/09/1977 -- 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 220 150 6 100 2 10 100 2 54,000-- 06/09/1977 -- 240 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 260 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 280 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 298 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

1Data retrieved from USGS National Water Information System data base on March 12, 2003. Differences between this data and Playton and other (1980) may be due to rounding.

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per

liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)
48 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued [data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; (μg/L), micrograms per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected] Station number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Lead, dissolved

(μg/L)

Manganese,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Molybdenum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Nickel,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Selenium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Zinc,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Lavrion

365732094502701 04/28/1976 1100 150 -- -- -- -- -- --365732094502701 04/28/1976 1200 160 M 4,400 <1 2,300 <1 390,000365732094502701 04/28/1976 1300 170 -- -- -- -- -- --365732094502701 04/28/1976 1400 182 M 6,500 <1 3,400 1 420,000365732094502701 04/28/1976 1600 191 M 6,300 <1 3,100 <1 430,000

Skelton

365738094495101 04/26/1976 1200 165 <2 670 <1 500 <1 47,000365738094495101 10/18/1976 1350 160 M 760 <1 600 1 110,000365738094495101 06/06/1977 1500 150 -- -- -- -- -- --365738094495101 06/06/1977 1530 165 400 1,600 <1 1,300 1 250,000

New Chicago

365754094493401 04/29/1976 1100 167 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1200 174 M 310 1 200 <1 16,000365754094493401 04/29/1976 1230 179 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1300 181 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1330 183 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/29/1976 1400 192 M 1,100 <1 700 1 100,000365754094493401 04/29/1976 1600 197 100 1,400 <1 1,000 1 120,000365754094493401 08/26/1976 1505 160 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 08/26/1976 1540 174 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 08/26/1976 1555 187 M 380 -- M -- 17,000365754094493401 08/26/1976 1605 197 500 2,800 -- 1,600 -- 200,000365754094493401 10/20/1976 1350 165 <2 200 1 <200 1 6,500365754094493401 10/20/1976 1410 180 -- -- -- -- -- --
Appendixes 49

365754094493401 10/20/1976 1430 195 300 1,500 <1 1,100 1 130,000365754094493401 12/06/1976 1445 165 <2 420 -- 500 -- 26,000365754094493401 12/06/1976 1500 180 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 12/06/1976 1530 195 200 1,900 -- 1,200 -- 130,000365754094493401 02/17/1977 1620 165 M 820 -- 500 -- 53,000365754094493401 02/17/1977 1630 180 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 02/17/1977 1640 195 200 1,800 -- 1,100 -- 120,000365754094493401 04/21/1977 1220 165 <200 420 -- 200 -- 220,00365754094493401 04/21/1977 1230 185 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/21/1977 1240 187 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 04/21/1977 1250 195 300 2,500 -- 1,600 -- 170,000365754094493401 06/08/1977 0815 160 M 220 <1 <200 <1 7,300365754094493401 06/08/1977 0845 180 400 3,100 <1 1,700 2 190,000365754094493401 06/08/1977 0900 187 -- -- -- -- -- --365754094493401 06/08/1977 0915 195 400 4,600 <1 2,900 1 340,000

Lucky Bill

365817094510201 04/22/1976 1000 178 200 60 <1 M 3 68,000365817094510201 04/22/1976 1030 198 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1115 204 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1200 210 M 5,000 <1 3,000 <1 280,000365817094510201 04/22/1976 1300 216 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/22/1976 1400 222 400 5,700 <1 4,200 <1 490,000365817094510201 04/22/1976 1500 230 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1120 170 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 08/26/1976 1205 190 -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; (μg/L), micrograms

per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Lead, dissolved (μg/L) Manganese, dissolved (μg/L) Molybdenum, dissolved (μg/L) Nickel, dissolved (μg/L) Selenium, dissolved (μg/L) Zinc, dissolved (μg/L)
50 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365817094510201 08/26/1976 1220 205 M 20 -- M -- 20,000 365817094510201 08/26/1976 1305 218 -- -- -- -- -- -- 365817094510201 08/26/1976 1335 228 400 6,500 -- 5,000 -- 450,000 365817094510201 10/20/1976 0945 160 -- -- -- -- -- --

365817094510201 10/20/1976 1010 190 200 30 <1 M 2 25,000365817094510201 10/20/1976 1100 210 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 10/20/1976 1135 225 400 6,000 1 5,000 <1 440,000365817094510201 12/07/1976 1500 160 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 12/07/1976 1515 190 M 50 -- M -- 27,000365817094510201 12/07/1976 1545 210 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 12/07/1976 1600 225 200 5,400 -- 4,100 -- 420,000365817094510201 02/17/1977 1400 160 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1415 190 M 50 -- M -- 35,000365817094510201 02/17/1977 1430 200 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1445 210 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 02/17/1977 1500 225 200 5,500 -- 3,900 -- 410,000365817094510201 04/21/1977 1550 160 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/21/1977 1600 190 200 50 -- M -- 49,000365817094510201 04/21/1977 1615 205 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 04/21/1977 1640 225 200 5,500 -- 4,000 -- 412,000365817094510201 06/07/1977 1215 155 M 20 <1 M 3 39,000365817094510201 06/07/1977 1240 190 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 06/07/1977 1300 205 -- -- -- -- -- --365817094510201 06/07/1977 1315 225 200 6,200 <1 4,500 <1 440,000

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; (μg/L), micrograms

per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Lead, dissolved

(μg/L)

Manganese,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Molybdenum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Nickel,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Selenium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Zinc,

dissolved

(μg/L)
Appendixes 51

Consolidated #2

365927094485901 04/20/1976 0930 179 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/20/1976 1000 191 M 80 <1 M 1 3,200365927094485901 04/21/1976 1100 210 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1976 1200 227 M 80 <1 M 1 4,000365927094485901 04/21/1976 1300 229 200 5,700 <1 3,400 <1 310,000365927094485901 04/21/1976 1400 234 400 5,900 <1 M <1 380,000365927094485901 08/25/1976 1045 165 M 100 -- M -- 2,200365927094485901 08/25/1976 1120 185 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1135 215 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1155 225 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 08/25/1976 1310 230 200 4,200 -- 1,500 -- 150,000365927094485901 08/25/1976 1330 235 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 10/19/1976 1125 165 M 30 <1 M 1 3,900365927094485901 10/19/1976 1200 215 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 10/19/1976 1255 230 300 5,400 <1 3,400 1 290,000365927094485901 12/07/1976 1000 165 M 40 -- M -- 3,500365927094485901 12/07/1976 1015 215 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 12/07/1976 1045 230 400 50 -- 3,300 -- 280,000365927094485901 02/17/1977 0945 165 <2 60 -- M -- 3,300365927094485901 02/17/1977 1130 215 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 02/17/1977 1200 222 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 02/17/1977 1215 230 400 5,500 -- 3,600 -- 300,000365927094485901 04/21/1977 0900 152 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 04/21/1977 0925 165 M 100 -- M -- 4,200

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; (μg/L), micrograms

per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Lead, dissolved (μg/L) Manganese, dissolved (μg/L) Molybdenum, dissolved (μg/L) Nickel, dissolved (μg/L) Selenium, dissolved (μg/L) Zinc, dissolved (μg/L)
52 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas 365927094485901 04/21/1977 0945 215 -- -- -- -- -- -- 365927094485901 04/21/1977 1020 220 -- -- -- -- -- -- 365927094485901 04/21/1977 1035 230 400 5,100 -- 3,200 -- 292,000 365927094485901 06/07/1977 0830 165 U 160 <1 M <1 2,100

365927094485901 06/07/1977 0845 215 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 06/07/1977 0900 225 -- -- -- -- -- --365927094485901 06/07/1977 0915 230 400 5,600 <1 3,400 <1 310,000

Birthday

365930094480001 04/23/1976 0930 168 M 5,600 <1 3,300 <1 490,000365930094480001 04/23/1976 1030 172 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 04/23/1976 1130 175 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 04/23/1976 1230 182 M 5,500 <1 3,500 <1 490,000365930094480001 08/25/1976 1630 160 M 70 -- M -- 9,400365930094480001 08/25/1976 1645 166 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1655 173 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1715 177 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 08/25/1976 1730 180 M 7,400 -- 1,800 -- 260,000365930094480001 10/19/1976 1520 162 M 930 <1 500 1 65,000365930094480001 10/19/1976 1610 180 M 9,000 <1 2,500 <1 360,000365930094480001 12/07/1976 1220 160 M 1,500 -- 200 -- 4,400365930094480001 12/07/1976 1225 170 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 12/07/1976 1235 180 M 10,000 -- 2,900 -- 390,000365930094480001 02/18/1977 0845 145 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 02/18/1977 0905 160 300 5,000 -- 3,100 -- 340,000365930094480001 02/18/1977 0920 170 -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; (μg/L), micrograms

per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Lead, dissolved

(μg/L)

Manganese,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Molybdenum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Nickel,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Selenium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Zinc,

dissolved

(μg/L)
Appendixes 53

365930094480001 02/18/1977 0935 180 300 7,000 -- 3,200 -- 380,000365930094480001 04/21/1977 1415 155 M 300 -- M -- 8,300365930094480001 04/21/1977 1425 167 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 04/21/1977 1455 170 200 4,400 -- 2,900 -- 270,000365930094480001 04/21/1977 1515 180 200 14,000 -- 3,000 -- 370,000365930094480001 06/08/1977 1200 155 M 190 <1 M <1 6,700365930094480001 06/08/1977 1220 162 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1240 166 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1300 170 M 5,200 <1 3,500 <1 340,000365930094480001 06/08/1977 1325 175 -- -- -- -- -- --365930094480001 06/08/1977 1345 180 M 13,000 <1 3,000 <1 400,000

Kansas 1

-- 04/27/1976 -- 200 6 40 0 10 0 640-- 04/27/1976 -- 205 -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 211 -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 222 7 5,100 0 370 0 2,900-- 04/27/1976 -- 230 2 2,300 1 240 0 8,100-- 04/27/1976 -- 259 -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 287 -- -- -- -- -- ---- 04/27/1976 -- 298 4 2,400 1 240 0 8,300-- 10/21/1976 -- 200 3 10 0 4 0 670-- 10/21/1976 -- 220 4 2,000 1 200 0 7,000-- 10/21/1976 -- 260 -- -- -- -- -- ---- 10/21/1976 -- 298 -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 180 -- -- -- -- -- --

Appendix 1. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; (μg/L), micrograms

per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Lead, dissolved (μg/L) Manganese, dissolved (μg/L) Molybdenum, dissolved (μg/L) Nickel, dissolved (μg/L) Selenium, dissolved (μg/L) Zinc, dissolved (μg/L)
54 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas -- 06/09/1977 -- 200 6 10 0 6 0 2,300 -- 06/09/1977 -- 210 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 06/09/1977 -- 220 4 1,900 2 250 0 6,600 -- 06/09/1977 -- 240 -- -- -- -- -- --

-- 06/09/1977 -- 260 -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 280 -- -- -- -- -- ---- 06/09/1977 -- 298 -- -- -- -- -- --

1Data retrieved from USGS National Water Information System data base on March 12, 2003. Differences between this data and Playton and other (1980) may

Appendix 1.

be due to rounding.

Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 1976-1977 —Continued

[data from Playton and others, 19801, ft3/s, cubic feet per second; mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; (μg/L), micrograms

per liter; <, less than; M, presence of material verified, but not quantified; U, material specifically analyzed for, but not detected]

Station

number Date Time Sampling depth (feet) Lead, dissolved

(μg/L)

Manganese,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Molybdenum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Nickel,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Selenium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Zinc,

dissolved

(μg/L)
Appendixes 55

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Barometric

pressure

(mm of Hg)

Specific conductance

at 25 ̊C, (μS/cm)

pH (standard unit) Temperature, water

( ̊C)

Oxygen,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Alkalinity,

dissolved,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Alkalinity,

dissolved, lab

(mg/L as

CaCO3) field lab field lab

Admiralty #3

365737094502201 07/17/2002 0825 47.0 760 710 682 7.5 7.6 15.4 8.7 -- 167365737094502201 07/17/2002 0900 97.0 760 705 678 7.5 7.5 15.3 8.6 166 166365737094502201 07/17/2002 0930 167 760 882 631 7.3 7.7 15.3 7.8 -- 167365737094502201 07/17/2002 1000 177 760 884 805 7.2 7.3 15.3 7.5 158 160365737094502201 07/17/2002 1040 187 760 1,740 829 6.1 7.4 15.4 1.9 -- 157365737094502201 07/17/2002 1115 197 760 2,750 2,270 5.9 5.6 15.4 0.3 -- 59

Admiralty #4

365753094504601 07/19/2002 0920 40.0 760 2,630 2,400 6.1 5.9 15.3 0.9 -- 80365753094504601 07/19/2002 1005 100 760 2,630 2,400 6.1 5.9 15.3 0.5 -- 78365753094504601 07/19/2002 1030 170 760 2,640 2,410 6.1 5.8 15.3 0.3 -- 63365753094504601 07/19/2002 1100 190 760 2,670 2,400 6.1 5.8 15.3 0.3 -- 63365753094504601 07/19/2002 1135 200 760 2,690 2,440 6.1 5.8 15.3 0.3 -- 71365753094504601 07/19/2002 1200 205 760 2,780 2,430 6.1 5.8 15.4 0.2 -- 70

Federal #5

365803094494101 07/17/2002 1720 40.0 760 1,060 921 6.5 6.6 16.3 2.4 -- 74365803094494101 07/17/2002 1745 120 760 1,010 880 6.7 6.8 15.8 1.6 -- 86365803094494101 07/17/2002 1805 195 760 1,470 923 6.2 6.7 16.1 0.4 -- 87365803094494101 07/17/2002 1830 200 760 2,640 899 6.0 6.9 16.1 0.1 -- 86365803094494101 07/17/2002 1850 210 760 2,800 898 6.1 6.7 16.1 0.1 -- 88365803094494101 07/17/2002 1920 190 760 1,050 892 6.6 6.8 15.8 1.4 -- 88

Baby Jim

365818094505201 07/18/2002 1440 30.0 760 588 543 6.5 6.8 16.8 0.7 -- 82365818094505201 07/18/2002 1510 70.0 760 625 595 6.7 7.0 15.8 0.4 -- 107365818094505201 07/18/2002 1545 120 760 923 627 6.8 7.1 15.7 0.3 113 116365818094505201 07/18/2002 1620 150 760 2,270 2,010 6.2 6.5 15.9 0.2 -- 123365818094505201 07/18/2002 1650 160 760 2,330 2,080 6.2 6.2 15.9 0.2 -- 133365818094505201 07/18/2002 1730 170 760 2,520 2,150 6.1 6.1 15.9 0.2 -- 138
56 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Royal 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1230 50.0 762 1,130 1,090 5.7 6.7 18.9 0.5 -- 124 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1335 90.0 762 1,030 1,030 5.9 6.7 17.8 1.4 -- 127 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1410 130 762 930 913 6.1 6.7 17.1 1.8 -- 132 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1450 180 762 850 826 6.3 6.8 16.4 1.4 -- 127

365832094490301 08/07/2002 1525 200 762 1,180 966 6.3 6.7 15.8 0.8 -- 133365832094490301 08/07/2002 1605 220 762 1,210 922 6.4 6.7 15.7 0.6 -- 131

Consolidated #2

365927094485901 07/16/2002 0900 40.0 759 548 526 7.0 7.5 20.2 8.5 -- 60365927094485901 07/16/2002 1010 130 759 547 525 7.3 7.5 15.6 7.2 65 67365927094485901 07/16/2002 1455 220 759 607 533 7.3 7.4 15.4 7.7 -- 67365927094485901 07/16/2002 1550 227 759 2,640 684 6.2 6.9 15.7 1.1 -- 68365927094485901 07/16/2002 1610 230 759 2,780 915 6.1 6.5 15.8 0.3 -- 70365927094485901 07/16/2002 1650 224 759 607 535 7.0 7.1 15.4 7.3 -- 68

Kansas 2

370036094513901 07/18/2002 0955 18.0 760 1,340 1,220 6.6 6.9 22.5 6.1 -- 99370036094513901 07/18/2002 1030 33.0 760 1,270 1,180 6.5 6.8 19.5 5.5 -- 102370036094513901 07/18/2002 1100 48.0 760 1,240 1,130 6.5 6.8 16.9 5.0 -- 96

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued.[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Barometric

pressure

(mm of Hg)

Specific conductance

at 25 ̊C, (

μS/cm)

pH (standard unit) Temperature, water

( ̊C)

Oxygen,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Alkalinity,

dissolved,

field (mg/L as

CaCO3)

Alkalinity,

dissolved, lab

(mg/L as

CaCO3) field lab field lab
Appendixes 57

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Solids,

residue at

180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Calcium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Magnesium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Sodium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Potassium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Bicarbonate,

dissolved,

field (mg/L)

Carbonate,

dissolved,

field (mg/L)

Sulfate,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Admiralty #3

365737094502201 07/17/2002 0825 47.0 484 135 11.6 2.71 0.62 -- -- 200365737094502201 07/17/2002 0900 97.0 480 134 11.5 2.67 0.57 202 0.0 201365737094502201 07/17/2002 0930 167 493 134 11.6 2.80 0.61 -- -- 207365737094502201 07/17/2002 1000 177 654 165 14.6 4.20 0.65 192 0.0 297365737094502201 07/17/2002 1040 187 652 166 14.9 4.39 0.68 -- -- 307365737094502201 07/17/2002 1115 197 2,330 479 52.2 23.9 2.54 -- -- 1,400

Admiralty #4

365753094504601 07/19/2002 0920 40.0 2,580 563 59.7 27.7 3.28 -- -- 1,550365753094504601 07/19/2002 1005 100 2,580 569 60.2 27.9 3.39 -- -- 1,550365753094504601 07/19/2002 1030 170 2,590 551 58.0 26.6 3.38 -- -- 1,550365753094504601 07/19/2002 1100 190 2,560 556 58.9 27.1 3.37 -- -- 1,470365753094504601 07/19/2002 1135 200 2,660 556 62.1 29.2 3.31 -- -- 1,590365753094504601 07/19/2002 1200 205 2,630 557 63.6 30.2 3.22 -- -- 1,590

Federal #5

365803094494101 07/17/2002 1720 40.0 795 143 36.4 20.0 2.17 -- -- 456365803094494101 07/17/2002 1745 120 761 147 32.4 17.1 2.10 -- -- 413365803094494101 07/17/2002 1805 195 774 152 31.8 16.9 2.20 -- -- 412365803094494101 07/17/2002 1830 200 751 149 32.1 16.7 2.08 -- -- 415365803094494101 07/17/2002 1850 210 713 141 33.3 17.6 2.22 -- -- 400365803094494101 07/17/2002 1920 190 737 152 32.0 16.7 2.17 -- -- 423

Baby Jim

365818094505201 07/18/2002 1440 30.0 393 88.7 12.1 11.0 1.97 -- -- 201365818094505201 07/18/2002 1510 70.0 451 95.9 13.0 12.8 1.95 -- -- 213365818094505201 07/18/2002 1545 120 469 103 13.5 13.2 1.96 138 0.0 212365818094505201 07/18/2002 1620 150 1,930 368 56.2 27.6 3.18 -- -- 1,100365818094505201 07/18/2002 1650 160 1,960 374 56.6 27.4 3.15 -- -- 1,140365818094505201 07/18/2002 1730 170 2,050 382 56.3 27.8 3.13 -- -- 1,170
58 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Royal 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1230 50.0 955 178 37.2 18.4 4.65 -- -- 537 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1335 90.0 894 167 33.5 17.1 4.33 -- -- 487 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1410 130 756 150 26.3 13.6 3.72 -- -- 397

365832094490301 08/07/2002 1450 180 661 136 21.3 11.2 3.30 -- -- 340365832094490301 08/07/2002 1525 200 776 152 27.6 14.3 3.97 -- -- 414365832094490301 08/07/2002 1605 220 733 147 24.0 12.4 3.46 -- -- 374

Consolidated #2

365927094485901 07/16/2002 0900 40.0 384 101 10.0 3.22 0.67 -- -- 211365927094485901 07/16/2002 1010 130 409 93.3 8.81 3.00 0.71 -- -- 211365927094485901 07/16/2002 1455 220 408 104 9.69 3.27 0.75 -- -- 211365927094485901 07/16/2002 1550 227 551 136 12.4 4.78 0.93 -- -- 298365927094485901 07/16/2002 1610 230 782 190 18.2 7.65 1.24 -- -- 453365927094485901 07/16/2002 1650 224 402 103 9.58 3.24 0.76 -- -- 212

Kansas 2

370036094513901 07/18/2002 0955 18.0 1,100 247 28.0 30.2 2.03 -- -- 620370036094513901 07/18/2002 1030 33.0 1,110 231 25.7 27.3 2.14 -- -- 622370036094513901 07/18/2002 1100 48.0 1,050 225 23.4 23.9 2.11 -- -- 566

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Solids,

residue at

180 ̊C,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Calcium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Magnesium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Sodium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Potassium,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Bicarbonate,

dissolved,

field (mg/L)

Carbonate,

dissolved,

field (mg/L)

Sulfate,

dissolved

(mg/L)
Appendixes 59

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Chloride,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Fluoride,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Bromide,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Silica,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Admiralty #3

365737094502201 07/17/2002 0825 47.0 2.23 0.17 0.04 9.85365737094502201 07/17/2002 0900 97.0 1.96 0.18 0.04 9.77365737094502201 07/17/2002 0930 167 1.90 0.21 0.03 10.0365737094502201 07/17/2002 1000 177 2.39 0.46 0.05 9.29365737094502201 07/17/2002 1040 187 2.50 0.47 0.05 9.23365737094502201 07/17/2002 1115 197 9.88 2.24 0.06 17.6

Admiralty #4

365753094504601 07/19/2002 0920 40.0 9.72 2.59 0.06 12.1365753094504601 07/19/2002 1005 100 9.97 2.67 0.06 12.3365753094504601 07/19/2002 1030 170 9.54 2.67 0.05 11.7365753094504601 07/19/2002 1100 190 9.52 2.84 0.06 11.8365753094504601 07/19/2002 1135 200 10.2 2.73 0.08 12.3365753094504601 07/19/2002 1200 205 10.7 2.53 0.06 12.4

Federal #5

365803094494101 07/17/2002 1720 40.0 4.18 0.24 E0.02 20.4365803094494101 07/17/2002 1745 120 2.37 0.24 E0.02 19.1365803094494101 07/17/2002 1805 195 2.87 0.32 E0.03 18.1365803094494101 07/17/2002 1830 200 2.19 0.26 E0.02 19.1365803094494101 07/17/2002 1850 210 2.28 0.25 E0.02 19.1365803094494101 07/17/2002 1920 190 2.35 0.29 E0.03 18.6

Baby Jim

365818094505201 07/18/2002 1440 30.0 2.22 0.28 E0.02 12.3365818094505201 07/18/2002 1510 70.0 2.55 0.23 E0.02 12.0365818094505201 07/18/2002 1545 120 2.12 0.23 E0.02 12.0365818094505201 07/18/2002 1620 150 10.5 1.77 0.05 10.3365818094505201 07/18/2002 1650 160 11.6 1.94 0.06 10.6365818094505201 07/18/2002 1730 170 10.9 2.17 0.06 10.9
60 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Royal 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1230 50.0 2.50 0.30 0.04 20.3 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1335 90.0 2.25 0.30 0.03 18.5 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1410 130 2.14 0.27 E0.02 15.3 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1450 180 2.03 0.28 <0.03 13.0 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1525 200 2.15 0.27 E0.02 16.0

365832094490301 08/07/2002 1605 220 2.13 0.30 E0.02 14.0

Consolidated #2

365927094485901 07/16/2002 0900 40.0 1.14 0.27 <0.03 12.7365927094485901 07/16/2002 1010 130 1.22 0.24 E0.01 15.9365927094485901 07/16/2002 1455 220 1.08 0.25 <0.03 11.2365927094485901 07/16/2002 1550 227 1.34 0.35 0.03 12.0365927094485901 07/16/2002 1610 230 1.61 0.53 E.03 11.2365927094485901 07/16/2002 1650 224 1.24 0.26 E.01 11.2

Kansas 2

370036094513901 07/18/2002 0955 18.0 1.94 0.4 0.03 18.2370036094513901 07/18/2002 1030 33.0 1.89 0.42 0.03 16.6370036094513901 07/18/2002 1100 48.0 1.99 0.39 0.03 15.3

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; μS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Chloride,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Fluoride,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Bromide,

dissolved

(mg/L)

Silica,

dissolved

(mg/L)
Appendixes 61

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Antimony,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Beryllium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Admiralty #3

365737094502201 07/17/2002 0825 47.0 <1 0.21 <2 15 <0.06 9.12 <0.8 0.34 16.5365737094502201 07/17/2002 0900 97.0 <1 0.18 <2 15 <0.06 8.94 <0.8 0.29 8.5365737094502201 07/17/2002 0930 167 <1 0.19 <2 14 <0.06 8.26 <0.8 0.36 3.9365737094502201 07/17/2002 1000 177 1 0.21 <2 13 <0.06 12.6 <0.8 0.59 4.5365737094502201 07/17/2002 1040 187 2 0.21 <2 13 <0.06 12.8 <0.8 0.57 3.9365737094502201 07/17/2002 1115 197 241 0.07 26 6 0.29 2.56 <0.8 35.8 6.9

Admiralty #4

365753094504601 07/19/2002 0920 40.0 93 <0.05 14 8 0.21 0.10 1.6 35.4 32.0365753094504601 07/19/2002 1005 100 96 <0.05 14 8 0.21 0.14 <0.8 35.6 75.7365753094504601 07/19/2002 1030 170 136 <0.05 19 7 0.28 0.60 <0.8 38.9 52.4365753094504601 07/19/2002 1100 190 130 <0.05 19 7 0.24 0.47 <0.8 37.9 11.6365753094504601 07/19/2002 1135 200 121 <0.05 21 7 0.22 0.20 <0.8 35.6 12.1365753094504601 07/19/2002 1200 205 149 0.05 21 6 0.16 0.22 <0.8 39.4 19.0

Federal #5

365803094494101 07/17/2002 1720 40.0 <1 0.06 <2 7 <0.06 11.9 <0.8 0.90 40.9365803094494101 07/17/2002 1745 120 <1 0.10 <2 8 <0.06 11.6 <0.8 0.58 36.2365803094494101 07/17/2002 1805 195 <1 0.08 <2 9 <0.06 10.6 <0.8 1.69 17.2365803094494101 07/17/2002 1830 200 <1 0.14 <2 8 <0.06 11.2 <0.8 0.74 21.5365803094494101 07/17/2002 1850 210 <1 0.07 <2 8 <0.06 11.1 1.7 0.60 6.2365803094494101 07/17/2002 1920 190 <1 0.08 <2 9 <0.06 11.0 <0.8 1.29 9.2

Baby Jim

365818094505201 07/18/2002 1440 30.0 <1 0.23 <2 25 E0.04 5.43 <0.8 2.09 17.6365818094505201 07/18/2002 1510 70.0 <1 0.20 <2 23 <0.06 5.20 <0.8 1.92 15.5365818094505201 07/18/2002 1545 120 <1 0.20 <2 24 <0.06 3.90 <0.8 1.64 15.5365818094505201 07/18/2002 1620 150 31 0.05 14 14 0.17 0.78 <0.8 29.9 18.2365818094505201 07/18/2002 1650 160 36 0.06 15 13 0.14 0.98 <0.8 30.7 8.6365818094505201 07/18/2002 1730 170 33 0.09 15 13 0.14 0.98 <0.8 29.0 4.8
62 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Royal 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1230 50.0 3 0.11 E1 19 E0.05 0.65 <0.8 15.3 5.0 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1335 90.0 2 0.12 <2 18 E0.03 1.46 <0.8 8.96 6.7 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1410 130 <1 0.14 3 15 <0.06 3.27 <0.8 3.10 5.0 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1450 180 <1 0.16 <2 13 <0.06 5.25 <0.8 1.78 3.5 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1525 200 <1 0.14 <2 15 E0.03 2.85 <0.8 3.41 3.0

365832094490301 08/07/2002 1605 220 1 0.15 <2 14 <0.06 2.09 <0.8 3.74 2.2

Consolidated #2

365927094485901 07/16/2002 0900 40.0 2 0.16 <2 19 <0.06 111 <0.8 0.80 2.0365927094485901 07/16/2002 1010 130 <1 0.19 <2 16 <0.06 86.1 <0.8 0.30 1.4365927094485901 07/16/2002 1455 220 <1 0.21 <2 17 <0.06 87.6 <0.8 0.35 1.5365927094485901 07/16/2002 1550 227 3 0.20 <2 16 <0.06 82.6 <0.8 1.79 1.7365927094485901 07/16/2002 1610 230 9 0.19 2 16 <0.06 74.5 <0.8 4.24 2.2365927094485901 07/16/2002 1650 224 <1 0.22 <2 17 <0.06 86.5 <0.8 0.33 1.4

Kansas 2

370036094513901 07/18/2002 0955 18.0 <1 0.12 <2 21 <0.06 41.4 <0.8 2.18 50.2370036094513901 07/18/2002 1030 33.0 <1 0.11 <2 21 <0.06 52.9 <0.8 1.40 10.6370036094513901 07/18/2002 1100 48.0 <1 0.10 <2 21 <0.06 67.5 <0.8 0.92 26.2

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Aluminum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Antimony,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Arsenic,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Barium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Beryllium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cadmium

dissolved

(μg/L)

Chromium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Cobalt,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Copper,

dissolved

(μg/L)
Appendixes 63

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Lead,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Manganese,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Molybdenum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Nickel,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Selenium

dissolved

(μg/L)

Silver,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Zinc,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Uranium,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Admiralty #3

365737094502201 07/17/2002 0825 47.0 <10 10.2 0.5 E0.2 9.46 <2 <1 1,940 0.79365737094502201 07/17/2002 0900 97.0 <10 10.8 0.4 E0.1 7.88 <2 <1 1,840 0.82365737094502201 07/17/2002 0930 167 <10 8.84 0.3 E0.2 9.12 <2 <1 1,960 0.76365737094502201 07/17/2002 1000 177 <10 6.46 1.1 0.4 18.6 E1 <1 3,290 1.38365737094502201 07/17/2002 1040 187 <10 6.49 1.3 0.4 18.3 E2 <1 3,920 1.41365737094502201 07/17/2002 1115 197 56,200 2.08 1020 4.4 265 4 <1 9,250 3.16

Admiralty #4

365753094504601 07/19/2002 0920 40.0 49,200 <0.08 1,440 3.7 324 3 <1 9,680 2.77365753094504601 07/19/2002 1005 100 50,000 E0.05 1,420 3.6 324 3 <1 9,630 2.77365753094504601 07/19/2002 1030 170 49,900 0.54 1,230 4.0 358 4 <1 10,300 3.07365753094504601 07/19/2002 1100 190 50,400 0.36 1,190 4.0 362 4 <1 10,300 3.03365753094504601 07/19/2002 1135 200 54,800 0.96 1,130 4.1 345 5 <1 9,890 3.48365753094504601 07/19/2002 1200 205 56,300 0.55 1,300 4.2 344 5 <1 11,100 3.13

Federal #5

365803094494101 07/17/2002 1720 40.0 <10 0.25 134 <0.2 24.8 <2 <1 1,980 0.18365803094494101 07/17/2002 1745 120 <10 0.16 46.0 <0.2 25.6 <2 <1 2,170 0.29365803094494101 07/17/2002 1805 195 326 0.09 115 <0.2 29.2 <2 <1 2,140 0.33365803094494101 07/17/2002 1830 200 22 0.13 54.1 <0.2 28.0 E1 <1 2,180 0.29365803094494101 07/17/2002 1850 210 <30 0.13 57.9 <0.2 24.2 E1 <1 2,050 0.27365803094494101 07/17/2002 1920 190 199 0.09 92.4 <0.2 28.1 <2 <1 2,140 0.32

Baby Jim

365818094505201 07/18/2002 1440 30.0 53 32.7 466 0.5 10.3 <2 <1 1,070 0.10365818094505201 07/18/2002 1510 70.0 46 6.17 470 0.4 12.4 <2 <1 1,080 0.12365818094505201 07/18/2002 1545 120 74 3.01 453 0.4 11.0 <2 <1 1,040 0.14365818094505201 07/18/2002 1620 150 44,200 1.05 935 1.2 234 3 <1 9,050 2.81365818094505201 07/18/2002 1650 160 45,100 1.13 940 1.3 240 3 <1 8,550 3.42365818094505201 07/18/2002 1730 170 45,400 2.01 893 1.4 235 3 <1 7,970 3.91
64 Assessment and Comparison of 1976-77 and 2002 Water Quality in Mineshafts in the Picher Mining District, Northeastern

Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas Royal 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1230 50.0 16 1.73 1,550 0.3 48.4 <2 <1 1,240 0.56 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1335 90.0 E5 1.20 946 0.2 41.0 <2 <1 1,540 0.58 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1410 130 <10 1.11 375 0.3 26.8 <2 <1 1,830 0.62 365832094490301 08/07/2002 1450 180 E6 0.65 205 0.3 23.0 <2 <1 1,920 0.65

365832094490301 08/07/2002 1525 200 <10 2.11 400 0.5 27.7 <2 <1 1,720 0.59365832094490301 08/07/2002 1605 220 77 3.84 447 0.3 26.6 <2 <1 1,850 0.67

Consolidated #2

365927094485901 07/16/2002 0900 40.0 <10 0.37 105 0.3 9.44 <2 <1 1,620 0.10365927094485901 07/16/2002 1010 130 <10 0.10 11.2 0.3 8.89 E2 <1 1,610 0.14365927094485901 07/16/2002 1455 220 18 0.10 11.6 0.3 9.88 E1 <1 1,670 0.18365927094485901 07/16/2002 1550 227 3,820 E0.07 105 0.3 20.3 E1 <1 1,900 0.84365927094485901 07/16/2002 1610 230 10,600 0.12 253 0.5 37.7 E1 <1 2,270 1.94365927094485901 07/16/2002 1650 224 15 E0.07 9.4 0.3 9.52 E1 <1 1,680 0.18

Kansas 2

370036094513901 07/18/2002 0955 18.0 11 4.85 1,320 0.5 13.1 E1 <1 4,160 0.72370036094513901 07/18/2002 1030 33.0 <10 5.27 568 0.3 16.3 <2 <1 4,770 0.87370036094513901 07/18/2002 1100 48.0 <10 4.49 209 0.2 17.7 <2 <1 6,630 0.81

Appendix 2. Water-quality concentrations from water samples collected in mineshafts in the Picher mining district in 2002—Continued[mm of Hg, millimeters of mercury;  ̊C, degrees Celsius; mS/cm, microSiemens per centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; μg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than; E, estimated value; --, no data]

Station

number Date Time

Sampling

depth

(feet)

Iron,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Lead,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Manganese,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Molybdenum,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Nickel,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Selenium

dissolved

(μg/L)

Silver,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Zinc,

dissolved

(μg/L)

Uranium,

dissolved

(μg/L)
Appendixes 65