II 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 4664 

To require the Secretary of Energy to establish a program to promote the 

use of artificial intelligence to support the missions of the Department 

of Energy, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JULY 10, 2024 

Mr. MANCHIN (for himself and Ms. MURKOWSKI) introduced the following bill; 

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

A BILL 

To require the Secretary of Energy to establish a program 

to promote the use of artificial intelligence to support 

the missions of the Department of Energy, and for other 

purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Department of Energy 

5 AI Act’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress finds that— 


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1 (1) the Department has a leading role to play 

2 in making the most of the potential of artificial in3 telligence to advance the missions of the Department 

4 relating to national security, science, and energy (in5 cluding critical materials); 

6 (2) the 17 National Laboratories employ over 

7 40,000 scientists, engineers, and researchers with 

8 decades of experience developing world-leading ad9 vanced computational algorithms, computer science 

10 research, experimentation, and applications in ma11 chine learning that underlie artificial intelligence; 

12 (3) the NNSA manages the Stockpile Steward13 ship Program established under section 4201 of the 

14 Atomic Energy Defense Act (50 U.S.C. 2521), 

15 which includes the Advanced Simulation and Com16 puting program, that provides critical classified and 

17 unclassified computing capabilities to sustain the nu18 clear stockpile of the United States; 

19 (4) for decades, the Department has led the 

20 world in the design, construction, and operation of 

21 the preeminent high-performance computing systems 

22 of the United States, which benefit the scientific and 

23 economic competitiveness of the United States 

24 across many sectors, including energy, critical mate25 rials, biotechnology, and national security; 


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1 (5) across the network of 34 user facilities of 

2 the Department, scientists generate tremendous vol3 umes of high-quality open data across diverse re4 search areas, while the NNSA has always generated 

5 the foremost datasets in the world on nuclear deter6 rence and strategic weapons; 

7 (6) the unrivaled quantity and quality of open 

8 and classified scientific datasets of the Department 

9 is a unique asset to rapidly develop frontier AI mod10 els; 

11 (7) the Department already develops cutting12 edge AI models to execute the broad mission of the 

13 Department, including AI models of the Department 

14 that are used to forecast disease transmission for 

15 COVID–19, and address critical material issues and 

16 emerging nuclear security missions; 

17 (8) the AI capabilities of the Department will 

18 underpin and jumpstart a dedicated, focused, and 

19 centralized AI program; and 

20 (9) under section 4.1(b) of Executive Order 

21 14110 (88 Fed. Reg. 75191 (November 1, 2023)) 

22 (relating to the safe, secure, and trustworthy devel23 opment and use of artificial intelligence), the Sec24 retary is tasked to lead development in testbeds, naVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:08 Aug 09, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S4664.IS S4664

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1 tional security protections, and assessment of artifi2 cial intelligence applications. 

3 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

4 In this Act: 

5 (1) AI; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The terms 

6 ‘‘AI’’ and ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ have the meaning 

7 given the term ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ in section 

8 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative 

9 Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401). 

10 (2) ALIGNMENT.—The term ‘‘alignment’’ 

11 means a field of AI safety research that aims to 

12 make AI systems behave in line with human inten13 tions. 

14 (3) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 

15 means the Department of Energy, including the 

16 NNSA. 

17 (4) FOUNDATION MODEL.—The term ‘‘founda18 tion model’’ means an AI model that— 

19 (A) is trained on broad data; 

20 (B) generally uses self-supervision; 

21 (C) contains at least tens of billions of pa22 rameters; and 

23 (D) is applicable across a wide range of 

24 contexts; and 


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1 (E) exhibits, or could be easily modified to 

2 exhibit, high levels of performance at tasks that 

3 pose a serious risk to the security, national eco4 nomic security, or national public health or 

5 safety of the United States. 

6 (5) FRONTIER AI.— 

7 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘frontier AI’’ 

8 means the leading edge of AI research that re9 mains unexplored and is considered to be the 

10 most challenging, including models— 

11 (i) that exceed the capabilities cur12 rently present in the most advanced exist13 ing models; and 

14 (ii) many of which perform a wide va15 riety of tasks. 

16 (B) INCLUSION.—The term ‘‘frontier AI’’ 

17 includes AI models with more than 

18 1,000,000,000,000 parameters. 

19 (6) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Na20 tional Laboratory’’ has the meaning given the term 

21 in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 

22 U.S.C. 15801). 

23 (7) NNSA.—The term ‘‘NNSA’’ means the Na24 tional Nuclear Security Administration. 


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1 (8) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

2 the Secretary of Energy. 

3 (9) TESTBED.—The term ‘‘testbed’’ means any 

4 platform, facility, or environment that enables the 

5 testing and evaluation of scientific theories and new 

6 technologies, including hardware, software, or field 

7 environments in which structured frameworks can be 

8 implemented to conduct tests to assess the perform9 ance, reliability, safety, and security of a wide range 

10 of items, including prototypes, systems, applications, 

11 AI models, instruments, computational tools, de12 vices, and other technological innovations. 

13 SEC. 4. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH TO DEPLOY14 MENT. 

15 (a) PROGRAM TO DEVELOP AND DEPLOY FRON16 TIERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SCIENCE, SE17 CURITY, AND TECHNOLOGY (FASST).— 

18 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days 

19 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec20 retary shall establish a centralized AI program to 

21 carry out research on the development and deploy22 ment of advanced artificial intelligence capabilities 

23 for the missions of the Department (referred to in 

24 this subsection as the ‘‘program’’), consistent with 

25 the program established under section 5501 of the 


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1 William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Au2 thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 

3 9461). 

4 (2) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.— 

5 (A) IN GENERAL.—The program shall ad6 vance and support diverse activities that include 

7 the following components: 

8 (i) Aggregation, curation, and dis9 tribution of AI training datasets. 

10 (ii) Development and deployment of 

11 next-generation computing platforms and 

12 infrastructure. 

13 (iii) Development and deployment of 

14 safe and trustworthy AI models and sys15 tems. 

16 (iv) Tuning and adaptation of AI 

17 models and systems for pressing scientific, 

18 energy, and national security applications. 

19 (B) AGGREGATION, CURATION, AND DIS20 TRIBUTION OF AI TRAINING DATASETS.—In 

21 carrying out the component of the program de22 scribed in subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary 

23 shall develop methods, platforms, protocols, and 

24 other tools required for efficient, safe, and efVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:08 Aug 09, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S4664.IS S4664

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1 fective aggregation, generation, curation, and 

2 distribution of AI training datasets, including— 

3 (i) assembling, aggregating, and 

4 curating large-scale training data for ad5 vanced AI, including outputs from research 

6 programs of the Department and other 

7 open science data, with the goal of devel8 oping comprehensive scientific AI training 

9 databases and testing and validation data; 

10 (ii) developing and executing appro11 priate data management plan for the eth12 ical, responsible, and secure use of classi13 fied and unclassified scientific data; 

14 (iii) identifying, curating, and safely 

15 distributing, as appropriate based on the 

16 application— 

17 (I) scientific and experimental 

18 Departmental datasets; and 

19 (II) sponsored research activities 

20 that are needed for the training of 

21 foundation and adapted downstream 

22 AI models; and 

23 (iv) partnering with stakeholders to 

24 curate critical datasets that reside outside 

25 the Department but are determined to be 


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1 critical to optimizing the capabilities of 

2 open-science AI foundation models, na3 tional security AI foundation models, and 

4 other AI technologies developed under the 

5 program. 

6 (C) DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF

7 NEXT-GENERATION COMPUTING PLATFORMS

8 AND INFRASTRUCTURE.—In carrying out the 

9 component of the program described in sub10 paragraph (A)(ii), the Secretary shall— 

11 (i) develop early-stage AI testbeds to 

12 test and evaluate new software, hardware, 

13 algorithms, and other AI-based tech14 nologies and applications; 

15 (ii) develop and deploy new energy-ef16 ficient AI computing hardware and soft17 ware infrastructure necessary for devel18 oping and deploying trustworthy frontier 

19 AI systems that leverage the high-perform20 ance computing capabilities of the Depart21 ment and the National Laboratories; 

22 (iii) facilitate the development and de23 ployment of unclassified and classified 

24 high-performance computing systems and 

25 AI platforms through Department-owned 


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1 infrastructure data and computing facili2 ties; 

3 (iv) procure high-performance com4 puting and other resources necessary for 

5 developing, training, evaluating, and de6 ploying AI foundation models and AI tech7 nologies; and 

8 (v) use appropriate supplier screening 

9 tools available through the Department to 

10 ensure that procurements under clause (iv) 

11 are from trusted suppliers. 

12 (D) DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF

13 SAFE AND TRUSTWORTHY AI MODELS AND SYS14 TEMS.—In carrying out the component of the 

15 program described in subparagraph (A)(iii), not 

16 later than 3 years after the date of enactment 

17 of this Act, the Secretary shall— 

18 (i) develop innovative concepts and 

19 applied mathematics, computer science, en20 gineering, and other science disciplines 

21 needed for frontier AI; 

22 (ii) develop best-in-class AI foundation 

23 models and other AI technologies for open24 science and national security applications; 


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1 (iii) research and deploy counter-ad2 versarial artificial intelligence solutions to 

3 predict, prevent, mitigate, and respond to 

4 threats to critical infrastructure, energy se5 curity, and nuclear nonproliferation, and 

6 biological and chemical threats; 

7 (iv) establish crosscutting research ef8 forts on AI risks, reliability, safety, trust9 worthiness, and alignment, including the 

10 creation of unclassified and classified data 

11 platforms across the Department; and 

12 (v) develop capabilities needed to en13 sure the safe and responsible implementa14 tion of AI in the private and public sectors 

15 that— 

16 (I) may be readily applied across 

17 Federal agencies and private entities 

18 to ensure that open-science models are 

19 released responsibly, securely, and in 

20 the national interest; and 

21 (II) ensure that classified na22 tional security models are secure, re23 sponsibly managed, and safely imple24 mented in the national interest. 


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1 (E) TUNING AND ADAPTATION OF AI MOD2 ELS AND SYSTEMS FOR PRESSING SCIENTIFIC

3 AND NATIONAL SECURITY APPLICATIONS.—In 

4 carrying out the component of the program de5 scribed in subparagraph (A)(iv), the Secretary 

6 shall— 

7 (i) use AI foundation models and 

8 other AI technologies to develop a mul9 titude of tuned and adapted downstream 

10 models to solve pressing scientific, energy, 

11 and national security challenges; 

12 (ii) carry out joint work, including 

13 public-private partnerships, and coopera14 tive research projects with industry, includ15 ing end user companies, hardware systems 

16 vendors, and AI software companies, to ad17 vance AI technologies relevant to the mis18 sions of the Department; 

19 (iii) form partnerships with other 

20 Federal agencies, institutions of higher 

21 education, and international organizations 

22 aligned with the interests of the United 

23 States to advance frontier AI systems de24 velopment and deployment; and 


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1 (iv) increase research experiences and 

2 workforce development, including training 

3 for undergraduate and graduate students 

4 in frontier AI for science, energy, and na5 tional security. 

6 (3) STRATEGIC PLAN.—In carrying out the pro7 gram, the Secretary shall develop a strategic plan 

8 with specific short-term and long-term goals and re9 source needs to advance applications in AI for 

10 science, energy, and national security to support the 

11 missions of the Department, consistent with— 

12 (A) the 2023 National Laboratory work13 shop report entitled ‘‘Advanced Research Direc14 tions on AI for Science, Energy, and Security’’; 

15 and 

16 (B) the 2024 National Laboratory work17 shop report entitled ‘‘AI for Energy’’. 

18 (b) AI RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERS.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program es20 tablished under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 

21 select, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, Na22 tional Laboratories to establish and operate not 

23 fewer than 8 multidisciplinary AI Research and De24 velopment Centers (referred to in this subsection as 

25 ‘‘Centers’’)— 


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1 (A) to accelerate the safe and trustworthy 

2 deployment of AI for science, energy, and na3 tional security missions; 

4 (B) to demonstrate the use of AI in ad5 dressing key challenge problems of national in6 terest in science, energy, and national security; 

7 and 

8 (C) to maintain the competitive advantage 

9 of the United States in AI. 

10 (2) FOCUS.—Each Center shall bring together 

11 diverse teams from National Laboratories, academia, 

12 and industry to collaboratively and concurrently de13 ploy hardware, software, numerical methods, data, 

14 algorithms, and applications for AI and ensure that 

15 the frontier AI research of the Department is well16 suited for key Department missions, including by 

17 using existing and emerging computing systems to 

18 the maximum extent practicable. 

19 (3) ADMINISTRATION.— 

20 (A) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—Each Cen21 ter shall be established as part of a National 

22 Laboratory. 

23 (B) APPLICATION.—To be eligible for se24 lection to establish and operate a Center under 

25 paragraph (1), a National Laboratory shall subVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:08 Aug 09, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S4664.IS S4664

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1 mit to the Secretary an application at such 

2 time, in such manner, and containing such in3 formation as the Secretary may require. 

4 (C) DIRECTOR.—Each Center shall be 

5 headed by a Director, who shall be the Chief 

6 Executive Officer of the Center and an em7 ployee of the National Laboratory described in 

8 subparagraph (A), and responsible for— 

9 (i) successful execution of the goals of 

10 the Center; and 

11 (ii) coordinating with other Centers. 

12 (D) TECHNICAL ROADMAP.—In support of 

13 the strategic plan developed under subsection 

14 (a)(3), each Center shall— 

15 (i) set a research and innovation goal 

16 central to advancing the science, energy, 

17 and national security mission of the De18 partment; and 

19 (ii) establish a technical roadmap to 

20 meet that goal in not more than 7 years. 

21 (E) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall 

22 coordinate, minimize duplication, and resolve 

23 conflicts between the Centers. 

24 (4) FUNDING.—Of the amounts made available 

25 under subsection (h), each Center shall receive not 


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1 less than $30,000,000 per year for a duration of not 

2 less than 5 years but not more than 7 years, which 

3 yearly amount may be renewed for an additional 5- 

4 year period. 

5 (c) AI RISK EVALUATION AND MITIGATION PRO6 GRAM.— 

7 (1) AI RISK PROGRAM.—As part of the program 

8 established under subsection (a), and consistent with 

9 the missions of the Department, the Secretary, in 

10 consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Secu11 rity, the Secretary of Defense, the Director of Na12 tional Intelligence, the Director of the National Se13 curity Agency, and the Secretary of Commerce, shall 

14 carry out a comprehensive program to evaluate and 

15 mitigate safety and security risks associated with ar16 tificial intelligence systems (referred to in this sub17 section as the ‘‘AI risk program’’). 

18 (2) RISK TAXONOMY.— 

19 (A) IN GENERAL.—Under the AI risk pro20 gram, the Secretary shall develop a taxonomy of 

21 safety and security risks associated with artifi22 cial intelligence systems relevant to the missions 

23 of the Department, including, at a minimum, 

24 the risks described in subparagraph (B). 


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1 (B) RISKS DESCRIBED.—The risks re2 ferred to in subparagraph (A) are the abilities 

3 of artificial intelligence— 

4 (i) to generate information at a given 

5 classification level; 

6 (ii) to assist in generation of nuclear 

7 weapons information; 

8 (iii) to assist in generation of chem9 ical, biological, radiological, nuclear, non10 proliferation, critical infrastructure, and 

11 energy security threats or hazards; 

12 (iv) to assist in generation of malware 

13 and other cyber and adversarial threats 

14 that pose a significant national security 

15 risk, such as threatening the stability of 

16 critical national infrastructure; 

17 (v) to undermine public trust in the 

18 use of artificial intelligence technologies or 

19 in national security; 

20 (vi) to deceive a human operator or 

21 computer system, or otherwise act in oppo22 sition to the goals of a human operator or 

23 automated systems; and 


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1 (vii) to act autonomously with little or 

2 no human intervention in ways that con3 flict with human intentions. 

4 (d) SHARED RESOURCES FOR AI.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program es6 tablished under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 

7 identify, support, and sustain shared resources and 

8 enabling tools that have the potential to accelerate 

9 the pace of scientific discovery and technological in10 novation with respect to the missions of the Depart11 ment relating to science, energy, and national secu12 rity. 

13 (2) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out para14 graph (1), the Secretary shall consult with relevant 

15 experts in industry, academia, and the National 

16 Laboratories. 

17 (3) FOCUS.—Shared resources and enabling 

18 tools referred to in paragraph (1) shall include the 

19 following: 

20 (A) Scientific data and knowledge bases 

21 for training AI systems. 

22 (B) Benchmarks and competitions for eval23 uating advances in AI systems. 


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1 (C) Platform technologies that lower the 

2 cost of generating training data or enable the 

3 generation of novel training data. 

4 (D) High-performance computing, includ5 ing hybrid computing systems that integrate AI 

6 and high-performance computing. 

7 (E) The combination of AI and scientific 

8 automation, such as cloud labs and self-driving 

9 labs. 

10 (F) Tools that enable AI to solve inverse 

11 design problems. 

12 (G) Testbeds for accelerating progress at 

13 the intersection of AI and cyberphysical sys14 tems. 

15 (e) ADMINISTRATION.— 

16 (1) RESEARCH SECURITY.—The activities au17 thorized under this section shall be applied in a 

18 manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the 

19 Research and Development, Competition, and Inno20 vation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.). 

21 (2) CYBERSECURITY.—The Secretary shall en22 sure the integration of robust cybersecurity meas23 ures into all AI research-to-deployment efforts au24 thorized under this section to protect the integrity 

25 and confidentiality of collected and analyzed data. 


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1 (3) PARTNERSHIPS WITH PRIVATE ENTITIES.— 

2 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 

3 seek to establish partnerships with private com4 panies and nonprofit organizations in carrying 

5 out this Act, including with respect to the re6 search, development, and deployment of each of 

7 the 4 program components described in sub8 section (a)(2)(A). 

9 (B) REQUIREMENT.—In carrying out sub10 paragraph (A), the Secretary shall protect any 

11 information submitted to or shared by the De12 partment consistent with applicable laws (in13 cluding regulations). 

14 (f) STEM EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE DEVELOP15 MENT.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts made avail17 able under subsection (h), not less than 10 percent 

18 shall be used to foster the education and training of 

19 the next-generation AI workforce. 

20 (2) AI TALENT.—As part of the program estab21 lished under subsection (a), the Secretary shall de22 velop the required workforce, and hire and train not 

23 fewer than 500 new researchers to meet the rising 

24 demand for AI talent— 


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1 (A) with a particular emphasis on expand2 ing the number of individuals from underrep3 resented groups pursuing and attaining skills 

4 relevant to AI; and 

5 (B) including by— 

6 (i) providing training, grants, and re7 search opportunities; 

8 (ii) carrying out public awareness 

9 campaigns about AI career paths; and 

10 (iii) establishing new degree and cer11 tificate programs in AI-related disciplines 

12 at universities and community colleges. 

13 (g) ANNUAL REPORT.—The Secretary shall submit 

14 to Congress an annual report describing— 

15 (1) the progress, findings, and expenditures 

16 under each program established under this section; 

17 and 

18 (2) any legislative recommendations for pro19 moting and improving each of those programs. 

20 (h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

21 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

22 $2,400,000,000 each year for the 5-year period following 

23 the date of enactment of this Act. 


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1 SEC. 5. FEDERAL PERMITTING. 

2 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days after 

3 the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall es4 tablish a program to improve Federal permitting processes 

5 for energy-related projects, including critical materials 

6 projects, using artificial intelligence. 

7 (b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the 

8 program established under subsection (a), the Secretary 

9 shall carry out activities, including activities that— 

10 (1) analyze data and provide tools from past 

11 environmental and other permitting reviews, includ12 ing by— 

13 (A) extracting data from applications for 

14 comparison with data relied on in environ15 mental reviews to assess the adequacy and rel16 evance of applications; 

17 (B) extracting information from past site18 specific analyses in the area of a current 

19 project; 

20 (C) summarizing key mitigation actions 

21 that have been successfully applied in past simi22 lar projects; and 

23 (D) using AI for deeper reviews of past de24 terminations under the National Environmental 

25 Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) to 


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1 inform more flexible and effective categorical 

2 exclusions; and 

3 (2) build tools to improve future reviews, in4 cluding— 

5 (A) tools for project proponents that accel6 erate preparation of environmental documenta7 tion; 

8 (B) tools for government reviewers such as 

9 domain-specific large language models that help 

10 convert geographic information system or tab11 ular data on resources potentially impacted into 

12 rough-draft narrative documents; 

13 (C) tools to be applied in nongovernmental 

14 settings, such as automatic reviews of applica15 tions to assess the completeness of information; 

16 and 

17 (D) a strategic plan to implement and de18 ploy online and digital tools to improve Federal 

19 permitting activities, developed in consultation 

20 with— 

21 (i) the Secretary of the Interior; 

22 (ii) the Secretary of Agriculture, with 

23 respect to National Forest System land; 

24 (iii) the Executive Director of the 

25 Federal Permitting Improvement Steering 


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1 Council established by section 41002(a) of 

2 the FAST Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m–1(a)); 

3 and 

4 (iv) the heads of any other relevant 

5 Federal department or agency, as deter6 mined appropriate by the Secretary. 

7 SEC. 6. RULEMAKING ON AI STANDARDIZATION FOR GRID 

8 INTERCONNECTION. 

9 Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 

10 of this Act, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 

11 shall initiate a rulemaking to revise the pro forma Large 

12 Generator Interconnection Procedures promulgated pursu13 ant to section 35.28(f) of title 18, Code of Federal Regula14 tions (or successor regulations), to require public utility 

15 transmission providers to share and employ, as appro16 priate, queue management best practices with respect to 

17 the use of computing technologies, such as artificial intel18 ligence, machine learning, or automation, in evaluating 

19 and processing interconnection requests, in order to expe20 dite study results with respect to those requests. 

21 SEC. 7. ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY FOR DATACENTERS 

22 AND COMPUTING RESOURCES. 

23 Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 

24 of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a re25 port that— 


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1 (1) assesses— 

2 (A) the growth of computing data centers 

3 and advanced computing electrical power load 

4 in the United States; 

5 (B) potential risks of growth in computing 

6 centers or growth in the required electrical 

7 power to United States energy and national se8 curity; and 

9 (C) the extent to which emerging tech10 nologies, such as artificial intelligence and ad11 vanced computing, may impact hardware and 

12 software systems used at data and computing 

13 centers; and 

14 (2) provides recommendations for— 

15 (A) resources and capabilities that the De16 partment may provide to promote access to en17 ergy resources by data centers and advanced 

18 computing; 

19 (B) policy changes to ensure domestic de20 ployment of data center and advanced com21 puting resources prevents offshoring of United 

22 States data and resources; and 

23 (C) improving the energy efficiency of data 

24 centers, advanced computing, and AI. 


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1 SEC. 8. OFFICE OF CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECH2 NOLOGY. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—Title II of the Department of En4 ergy Organization Act is amended by inserting after sec5 tion 215 (42 U.S.C. 7144b) the following: 

6 ‘‘SEC. 216. OFFICE OF CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECH7 NOLOGY. 

8 ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

9 ‘‘(1) CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY.— 

10 The term ‘critical and emerging technology’ 

11 means— 

12 ‘‘(A) advanced technology that is poten13 tially significant to United States competitive14 ness, energy security, or national security, such 

15 as biotechnology, advanced computing, and ad16 vanced manufacturing; 

17 ‘‘(B) technology that may address the chal18 lenges described in subsection (b) of section 

19 10387 of the Research and Development, Com20 petition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 

21 19107); and 

22 ‘‘(C) technology described in the key tech23 nology focus areas described in subsection (c) of 

24 that section (42 U.S.C. 19107). 

25 ‘‘(2) DEPARTMENT CAPABILITIES.—The term 

26 ‘Department capabilities’ means— 


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1 ‘‘(A) each of the National Laboratories (as 

2 defined in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 

3 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)); and 

4 ‘‘(B) each associated user facility of the 

5 Department. 

6 ‘‘(3) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means 

7 the Director of Critical and Emerging Technology 

8 described in subsection (d). 

9 ‘‘(4) OFFICE.—The term ‘Office’ means the Of10 fice of Critical and Emerging Technology established 

11 by subsection (b). 

12 ‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—There shall be within the 

13 Office of the Under Secretary for Science and Innovation 

14 an Office of Critical and Emerging Technology. 

15 ‘‘(c) MISSION.—The mission of the Office shall be— 

16 ‘‘(1) to work across the entire Department to 

17 assess and analyze the status of and gaps in United 

18 States competitiveness, energy security, and national 

19 security relating to critical and emerging tech20 nologies, including through the use of Department 

21 capabilities; 

22 ‘‘(2) to leverage Department capabilities to pro23 vide for rapid response to emerging threats and 

24 technological surprise from new emerging tech25 nologies; 


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1 ‘‘(3) to promote greater participation of De2 partment capabilities within national science policy 

3 and international forums; and 

4 ‘‘(4) to inform the direction of research and 

5 policy decisionmaking relating to potential risks of 

6 adoption and use of emerging technologies, such as 

7 inadvertent or deliberate misuses of technology. 

8 ‘‘(d) DIRECTOR OF CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECH9 NOLOGY.—The Office shall be headed by a director, to be 

10 known as the ‘Director of Critical and Emerging Tech11 nology’, who shall— 

12 ‘‘(1) be appointed by the Secretary; and 

13 ‘‘(2) be an individual who, by reason of profes14 sional background and experience, is specially quali15 fied to advise the Secretary on matters pertaining to 

16 critical and emerging technology. 

17 ‘‘(e) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out the mission 

18 and activities of the Office, the Director shall closely col19 laborate with all relevant Departmental entities, including 

20 the National Nuclear Security Administration and the Of21 fice of Science, to maximize the computational capabilities 

22 of the Department and minimize redundant capabilities. 

23 ‘‘(f) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the mission 

24 and activities of the Office, the Director— 


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1 ‘‘(1) shall coordinate with senior leadership 

2 across the Department and other stakeholders (such 

3 as institutions of higher education and private in4 dustry); 

5 ‘‘(2) shall ensure the coordination of the Office 

6 of Science with the other activities of the Depart7 ment relating to critical and emerging technology, 

8 including the transfer of knowledge, capabilities, and 

9 relevant technologies, from basic research programs 

10 of the Department to applied research and develop11 ment programs of the Department, for the purpose 

12 of enabling development of mission-relevant tech13 nologies; 

14 ‘‘(3) shall support joint activities among the 

15 programs of the Department; 

16 ‘‘(4) shall coordinate with the heads of other 

17 relevant Federal agencies operating under existing 

18 authorizations with subjects related to the mission of 

19 the Office described in subsection (c) in support of 

20 advancements in related research areas, as the Di21 rector determines to be appropriate; and 

22 ‘‘(5) may form partnerships to enhance the use 

23 of, and to ensure access to, user facilities by other 

24 Federal agencies. 

25 ‘‘(g) PLANNING, ASSESSMENT, AND REPORTING.— 


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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 

2 after the date of enactment of the Department of 

3 Energy AI Act, the Secretary shall submit to Con4 gress a critical and emerging technology action plan 

5 and assessment, which shall include— 

6 ‘‘(A) a review of current investments, pro7 grams, activities, and science infrastructure of 

8 the Department, including under National Lab9 oratories, to advance critical and emerging tech10 nologies; 

11 ‘‘(B) a description of any shortcomings of 

12 the capabilities of the Department that may ad13 versely impact national competitiveness relating 

14 to emerging technologies or national security; 

15 and 

16 ‘‘(C) a budget projection for the subse17 quent 5 fiscal years of planned investments of 

18 the Department in each critical and emerging 

19 technology, including research and development, 

20 infrastructure, pilots, test beds, demonstration 

21 projects, and other relevant activities. 

22 ‘‘(2) UPDATES.—Every 2 years after the sub23 mission of the plan and assessment under paragraph 

24 (1), the Secretary shall submit to Congress— 


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1 ‘‘(A) an updated emerging technology ac2 tion plan and assessment; and 

3 ‘‘(B) a report that describes the progress 

4 made toward meeting the goals set forth in the 

5 emerging technology action plan and assess6 ment submitted previously.’’. 

7 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 

8 for the Department of Energy Organization Act (Public 

9 Law 95–91; 91 Stat. 565; 119 Stat. 764; 133 Stat. 2199) 

10 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 

11 215 the following: 

‘‘Sec. 216. Office of Critical and Emerging Technology.’’. 

Æ 


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