iii

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Contents

Contents

Figures ................................................................................................................................................. v

Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vii

1. Abbreviated Staff Directory.......................................................................................................... 1

2. Program Overview........................................................................................................................ 9

3. Important Events......................................................................................................................... 19

4. Disease Statistics......................................................................................................................... 33

5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2010........................................................................ 53

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees........................................................................................ 59

7. Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Overview ............................................................................................ 67

8. Long-Term Trends ...................................................................................................................... 69

9. Research Grants.......................................................................................................................... 79

10. Research and Development Contracts...................................................................................... 105

11. Clinical Trials............................................................................................................................ 115

12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities............................................. 141

13. Research Training and Career Development Programs............................................................ 161

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2010 ............................................................ 171

15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2010 .................... 193

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity ....................................................................................................... 201

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................ 207

Index ......................................................................................................................................... 211

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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Contents

Figures

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2007 ................................................................................................................ 35

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2007............................................................... 35

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2007 ........................................................................................... 36

Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2007........................................................................................................... 36

Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2007 ......................................................................................................... 36

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2007.................................................................................. 37

Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2007.............................................................................. 37

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2007 .................................................................................. 38

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2007................................................................ 38

Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure, U.S., 1970–2007....................................................................................... 39

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2007............. 40

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2007......................................... 40

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2007 ....................................................... 41

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2007 .................................................................................................. 41

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Men, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2008 ................... 42

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Women, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2008............... 42

Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S., 1999–2007 ............ 43

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2007 ............................................................................. 43

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2007 ........................................................................................ 44

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2007............................................ 44

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Including Asthma, in Men, 

Ages 35 and Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2008 .................................................................................... 45

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Including Asthma, in Women, 

Ages 35 and Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2008 .................................................................................... 45

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Race/Ethnicity 

and Sex, U.S., 2000–2007............................................................................................................................... 46

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–2008 ............................................................................ 46

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008......................................... 47

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2008–2009...................................... 48

Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2009........................ 48

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 and Older, U.S., 

1976–1980 to 2005–2008................................................................................................................................ 49

Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008 ................................ 49

Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 and 65 and Older, U.S., 1971–2007................................. 50

Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2009 ............................... 50

Total Economic Costs of the Leading Diagnostic Groups, U.S., 2007 ............................................................. 51
vi

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Contents

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category..................................................................................................67

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program.....................................................................................................67

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Current Dollars...............................................................................................................................................71

Constant 2000 Dollars.....................................................................................................................................71

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010.......................................................73

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 2000–2010.....................................74

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 2000–2010....................................................................................................................................74

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................76

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................77

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category......................................................................................................80

NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2000–2010....................................................................................................................................80

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Number Reviewed and Awarded .....................................................................................................................81

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)...............................................................................81

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010....................82

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2000–2010........................................................84

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010.......................................105

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 ............................161

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 2000–2010.......................................................................161

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 ..............................................................................................167

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2010

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2010.......................................................................171
vii

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Contents

Tables

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute............................................................10

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1987 and 2007 .........................................................................................................................................35

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2007 ....................................................36

Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, 

U.S., 1963, 1987, and 2007...............................................................................................................................39

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2007..............................................44

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2008–2009....................................................47

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2007 .................................................52

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010 ........................................................................67

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2010 ........................................................................68

NHLBI Cardiovascular Sciences Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010 ...................................................................................68

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010 ...................................................................................68

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010 ...................................................................................68

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2010 ...................................................................................69

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Current Dollars...............................................................................................................................................72

Constant 2000 Dollars.....................................................................................................................................72

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010.......................................................73

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 2000–2010..................................................................................................73

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................75

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................75

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Dollars ............................................................................................................................................................76

Percent of Total Extramural Budget................................................................................................................77
viii

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Contents

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010 ................................................................79

NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

 Fiscal Years 2000–2010..................................................................................................................................80

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded.....................................................................................81

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010....................82

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 2000–2010 ......................83

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 ..........83

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2000–2010........................................................84

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10, U19) Programs...........................................................................85

NHLBI Centers of Research Program (P50)......................................................................................................99

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010..............................105

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program..................................................................106

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010............................................................115

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2010: Summary by Program ..................................120

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Contracts.......................................................................................................................................................122

Cooperative Agreements ...............................................................................................................................124

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2010: Summary by Program 

Contracts.......................................................................................................................................................126

Cooperative Agreements ...............................................................................................................................126

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2010......................162

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 .............................................................163

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 2000–2010..................................................................164

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 ..........................................................................165

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010.........................................................166

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 ..............................................................................................167

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2000–2010.........................168

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 ....................168

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2000–2010.......169

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal Years 2000–2010...... 169

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2010

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2010....................................................172

Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

NHLBI ARRA-Supported Activities Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009 .................................................................198

NHLBI ARRA-Supported Activities Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 .................................................................198
1

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book 

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

1. Abbreviated Staff Directory*

Office of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC**† 

Acting Director, Susan B. Shurin, M.D. ............................... 31 5A48 496–5166 2486

Acting Deputy Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. .......... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Chief of Staff, Sheila Pohl ................................................... 31 5A48 594–5355 2486

Administrative Officer, Cheryl R. Wagoner ..................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Acting Executive Officer, Timothy J. Wheeles...................... 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long ........................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Associate Director for Basic Research,

Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D...................................... 31 5A48 594–5353 2490

Legislative Liaison, James P. Schlicht .................................. 31 5A25 402–3421 2484 

Senior Advisor to the Director for Genome Research,

Christopher J. O’Donnell, M.D., M.P.H.......................... 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

 Framingham, MA 01702–5827

 508–935–3435

Center for Biomedical Informatics

Director, Stephan P. Bour, Ph.D. ..................................... RKL1‡ 6100 435–0119 7994

Administrative Officer, Kathleen D. Rechen................ RKL2§ 8095 435–6373 7921

Customer Support Branch

Acting Chief, Brian Kotula......................................... RKL1 6106 435–0119 7994

Infrastructure Engineering Branch

Chief, Christopher E. Olaes........................................ RKL1 6212 435–0119 7994

Operation and Performance Management Branch

Acting Chief, Stephan P. Bour, Ph.D. ......................... RKL1 6100 435–0119 7994

Software Engineering Branch

Acting Chief, Zeyad Mobassaleh................................ RKL1 6104 435–0119 7994

Center for Population Studies

Director, Daniel Levy, M.D. ........................................... 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

 Framingham, MA 01702–5827

 508–935–3458

Associate Director, 

Christopher J. O’Donnell, M.D., M.P.H. .................... 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

 Framingham, MA 01702–5827

 508–935–3435 

Ethics Office

Director, Nancy O’Hanlon, J.D....................................... 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Lead Ethics Specialist, Kim Y. Brinson............................ 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

* Current as of September 30, 2010. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All 

listed phone numbers are in area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is 

located on the NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI. **MSC—Mail Stop Code.

† Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter.

‡ RKL1—Rockledge I Building.

§ RKL2—Rockledge II Building.
2

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Ethics Coordinator, Hedy S. Tam............................................ 31 5A33 496–6471 2486

Administrative Officer, Cheryl R. Wagoner ........................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Office of Administrative Management

Acting Executive Officer, Timothy J. Wheeles ......................... 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Acting Deputy Executive Officer, Alesha M. Holliday............. 31 5A48 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long.............................. 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Extramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Loretta L. Usilton .................................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Sandra L. Gault....................................................... 31 5A34 496–4653 2490

Freedom of Information and Privacy Act Branch

Chief, Suzanne A. Freeman ................................................ RKL1 6070 496–9737 7957

Management Policy and Administrative Services Branch

Chief, Marilyn G. Jackson ................................................. 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Office of Workforce Management

Director, Gwen G. Platt...................................................... RKL1 6070 496–1763 7957

Office of Communications

Director, Sally McDonough..................................................... 31 4A31 496–5804 2490

Deputy Director, Susan G. Dambrauskas................................ 31 4A31 496–4236 2480

 Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long ............................. 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Health Campaigns and Consumer Services Branch

Chief, Ann M. Taubenheim, Ph.D....................................... 31 4A31 496–4236 2480

Public Affairs Branch

Chief, Diane E. Striar ........................................................ 31 4A31 496–4236 2480

Office of Global Health

Director, Arun Chockalingam, Ph.D., M.S. ............................ 31 5A06 496–3620 2490

Deputy Director, Cristina Rabadan-Diehl, Ph.D., M.P.H........ 31 5A06 496–3620 2490

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long .............................. 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Office of Research Training and Minority Health

Director, Helena O. Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H. ............................ RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Deputy Director, Chitra Krishnamurti, Ph.D........................... RKL2 9093C 451–5081 7913

Administrative Officer, Roy Rich........................................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. ..................................... 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara R. Marzetta, M.S........................... 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Administrative Officer, Cheryl R. Wagoner ........................ 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. ................................ 31 5A07 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara R. Marzetta, M.S. ................................. 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Office of Public Liaison 

Coordinator, Hilary S. Leeds, J.D...................................... 31 5A07 594–9869 2482
3

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Office of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Alan H. Deutch ................................................... RKL1 6018 402–5579 7992

Administrative Officer, Terri B. Pike ............................. RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences 

Office of the Director

Director, Michael S. Lauer, M.D............................................. RKL2 8128 435–0422 7959 

 Deputy Director, Sonia I. Skarlatos, Ph.D. ................................. RKL2 8248 435–0466 7940

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny .................................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Special Projects

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies,

David J. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D. ............................................ RKL2 8134 435–0534 7940

Office of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D. ............................................. RKL2 9202 435–0434 7913

Office of Research Training and Career Development

Director, Jane D. Scott, Sc.D., M.S.N. .................................... RKL2 8138 435–0535 7940

Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program

Director, Gail D. Pearson, M.D., Sc.D..................................... RKL2 8104 435–0510 7940

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease Branch

Acting Chief, Yves D. Rosenberg, M.D............................... RKL2 8148 435–1292 7956

Heart Developmental and Structural Diseases Branch

Chief, Gail D. Pearson, M.D., Sc.D. ................................... RKL2 8104 435–0510 7940

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch

Acting Chief, David A. Lathrop, Ph.D................................ RKL2 8170 435–0504 7956

Basic and Early Translational Research Program

Director, Denis B. Buxton, Ph.D.............................................. RKL2 8216 435–0513 7940

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

Chief, Marissa Miller, D.V.M., M.P.H. .............................. RKL2 8218 435–0513 7940

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

Acting Chief, H. Eser Tolunay, Ph.D.................................. RKL2 8120 435–0560 7940 

Prevention and Population Sciences Program

Director, Diane E. Bild, M.D., M.P.H. .................................... RKL2 10018 435–0457 7936

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

Chief, Lawrence J. Fine, M.D............................................. RKL2 10214 435–0305 7936

Epidemiology Branch

Chief, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D................................................. RKL2 10210 435–0707 7936

Women’s Health Initiative Branch 

Chief, Jacques E. Rossouw, M.D......................................... RKL2 9192 402–2900 7913

Jackson Heart Study

Director, Evelyn R. Walker, M.D........................................ 350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive

 Jackson, MS 39213

 601–979–8754

Division of Lung Diseases

Office of the Director

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D................................................. RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D. ............................. RKL2 10042 435–0233 7952

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz............................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921
4

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Lung Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Thomas L. Croxton, Ph.D., M.D. ............................ RKL2 10042 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

Chief, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D.............................................. RKL2 10042 435–0222 7952

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. ...................................... RKL2 10042 435–0199 7952

Research Training Programs

Leader, Sandra Colombini Hatch, M.D. ............................. RLK2 10042 435–0222 7952

Leader, Ann E. Rothgeb ..................................................... RLK2 10042 435–0202 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Office of the Director

Director, W. Keith Hoots, M.D................................................ RKL2 9136 435–0080 7950

Deputy Director, Donna M. DiMichele, M.D.......................... RKL2 9132 435–0080 7950

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz............................... RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Senior Program Analyst, Susan E. Pucie................................. RKL2 9138 435–0080 7950

Blood Diseases Branch

Chief, Harvey S. Luksenburg, M.D..................................... RKL2 9160 435–0050 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

Acting Chief, Donna M. DiMichele, M.D. ......................... RKL2 9132 435–0080 7950

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics Branch

Chief, Simone A. Glynn, M.D............................................. RKL2 9142 435–0065 7950

Research Training Programs

Leader, Traci H. Mondoro, Ph.D........................................ RKL2 9140 435–0065 7950

Leader, Rita Sarkar, Ph.D.................................................. RKL2 9161 435–0070 7950

Leader, Ellen M. Werner, Ph.D. ......................................... RKL2 9162 435–0050 7950

Leader, Henry Chang, M.D................................................ RKL2 9176 435–0080 7950

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries

Director, Denise G. Simons-Morton, M.D, Ph.D., M.P.H............. 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Acting Deputy Director, Robinson Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H....... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long ................................... 31 5A16 496–5931 2490

Senior Manager for Program Operations

Mishyelle Croom, M.A....................................................... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

Acting Chief, Karen A. Donato, S.M....................................... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Research Translation Branch

Acting Chief, Denise G. Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H. ... 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Division of Extramural Research Activities

Office of the Director

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D........................................ RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Jodi B. Black, Ph.D. .................................... RKL2 7104 435–0260 7922

Chief of Staff, Janet George ................................................... RKL2 7220 435–0260 7922

Administrative Officer, Veronica M. VanWagner................ RKL2 8095 435–6373 7921

Office of Acquisitions

Director, John C. Taylor..................................................... RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Director, Christopher J. Belt.................................. RKL2 6106 435–6672 7902
5

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

* 10CRC—Building 10 Clinical Research Center. ** B—B Building, off site.

Division of Extramural Research Activities (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Special Assistant to the Director

Debra C. Hawkins......................................................... RKL2 6224 435–0330 7902

Consolidated Operations Acquisition Center Services Branch

Chief, Joanna Magginas................................................ RKL2 6136 435–0360 7902

NHLBI Extramural Contracts Branch

Chief, Richard A. Phillips, M.B.A. ................................ RKL2 6106 402–6462 7902

Office of Committee Management

Director, Kathryn M. Valeda.............................................. RKL2 7110 435–0255 7922

Deputy Director, David Alperin ......................................... RLK2 7118 435–0255 7922

Office of Extramural Policy and Review

Director, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D.......................................... RKL2 7218 435–0569 7922

Office of Scientific Review 

Director, Valerie L. Prenger, Ph.D...................................... RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924

Referral Officer, Roy White, Ph.D. ..................................... RKL2 7176 435–0310 7924

Blood and Vascular Branch

Chief, Jeffrey H. Hurst, Ph.D........................................ RKL2 7208 435–0303 7924

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch

Chief, William J. Johnson, Ph.D.................................... RKL2 7178 435–0725 7924

Clinical Studies and Training Branch

Chief, Charles W. Joyce, Ph.D....................................... RKL2 7194 435–0288 7924

Office of Grants Management

Director, Suzanne A. White................................................ RKL2 7160 435–0166 7926

Deputy Director, (Vacant).................................................. RKL2 7130 435–0166 7926

Blood Diseases and Resources and Lung Diseases Branch

Chief, Ryan C. Lombardi............................................... RKL2 7156 435–0166 7926

Cardiovascular Sciences Branch and Prevention and 

Population Sciences Branch 

Chief, Teresa F. Marquette.............................................. RKL2 7172 435–0166 7926

Division of Intramural Research

Office of the Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D........................................... 10CRC* 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Office of the Scientific Director

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D...................................... 10CRC 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Deputy Director, L. Michelle Bennett, Ph.D. ..................... 10CRC 4-1581 496–2116 1458

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Gary Unger.................................................... 10 7N214 451–0892 1686

Animal Program

Director, James Hawkins, D.V.M. ................................. 14E 105A 451–6743 5570

Animal Care and Use Committee

Program Coordinator, Kelly E. Cole ............................. 14E 106C 451–6459 5570

Laboratory of Animal Medicine and Surgery

Chief, Robert Hoyt, D.V.M............................................ 14E 105B 496–9673 5570

Imaging Probe Development Center/Road Map Initiative

Chief, Gary L. Griffiths, Ph.D....................................... B** 3042 217–5770 3372
6

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC

Office of Education

Director, Herbert M. Geller, Ph.D...................................... 10 6N248 451–9440 1754

Office of the Clinical Director

Director, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D. .............................. 10CRC 5-3330 496–9895 1454

Office of Clinical Affairs

Associate Director, Melissa B. Bryant, M.S. ...................... 10CRC 6-5140 594–8378 1608

Hematology Branch

Chief, Neal S. Young, M.D................................................. 10CRC 3-5140 496–5093 1202

Flow Cytometry Core (FACS) 

Head, J. Philip McCoy, Ph.D. ....................................... 10 8C103D 451–8824 1357

 Center for Molecular Medicine

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D......................................... 10 6D03 402–1448 1590

Transgenic Core

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. ............................................ 50 3305 435–5034 8018

iPS Core

Head, (Vacant).............................................................. 10 5N210 NA* NA*

Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch

Chief, Andrew E. Arai, M.D., Ph.D. ................................... 10CRC 5-3332 496–3648 1061

MRI/Imaging Core

Head, Stasia Anderson, Ph.D. ....................................... 10 B1D49C 402–0908 1518

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

Director, Nico Tjandra, Ph.D. ............................................ 50 3503 402–3029 8012

Biochemistry Core

Head, Duck-Yeon Lee, Ph.D. ........................................ 50 2339 435–8369 8012

Biophysics Core

Head, Grzegorz Piszczek, Ph.D..................................... 50 2341 435–8082 8012 

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

Director, Clare Waterman, Ph.D. ....................................... 50 4535 435–2949 8019

Light Microscopy Core

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. ...................................... 10 6N309 496–3236 1623

Genetics and Development Biology Center

Director, Alan M. Michelson, M.D., Ph.D.......................... 31 5A48 594–5353 2490

Electron Microscopy Core

Head, Mathew Daniels, Ph.D. ....................................... 14E 111B 496–2898 5570

Pathology Core

Acting Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D....................................... 14E 107D 496–5035 5570

Genomics Core

Head, Nalini Raghavachari, Ph.D.................................. 10 8C103B 435–2304 1357

DNA Sequencing Core

Head, Jun Zhu, Ph.D. ................................................... 10 5N107 443–7927 1654

Immunology Center

Director, Warren Leonard, M.D. ........................................ 10 7B05 496–0098 1674

Systems Biology Center

Director, Mark A. Knepper, M.D., Ph.D. ........................... 10 6N260 496-3064 1603

Proteomics Core

Head, Marjan Gucek, Ph.D........................................... 10 8C103C 594-1060 1774

* Not available at time of printing.
7

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Abbreviated Staff Directory

Building 10 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 10, Room ____

10 Center Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Building B Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building B, Room 3042

9800 Medical Center Drive MSC 3372

Bethesda, MD 20892–3372 

Building 14E Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 14E, Room ____

14 Service Road West MSC*

____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Rockledge I Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

One Rockledge Center, Room ____

6705 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC**

Building 31 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 31, Room ____

31 Center Drive MSC*

____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

Rockledge II Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20817–MSC**

Building 50 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 50, Room ____

50 South Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC**

NIH Mailing Address Formats

NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service 

located on the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

Please use the following formats for NIH mailing addresses:

* Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number. ** Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.

9

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

2. Program Overview

The National Heart Institute (NHI) was established in 1948 through the National Heart Act with a 

mission to support research and training in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular 

diseases (CVD). Twenty-four years later—through 

section 413 of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, 

Lung, and Blood Act (P.L. 92-423)—Congress mandated the Institute to expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated attack against heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases. The renamed 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) 

expanded its scientific areas of interest and intensified its efforts related to research on diseases within 

its purview. Over the years, the Institute’s areas of 

interest have grown to encompass genetic, genomic, 

proteomic, and metabolomic research; systems biology; sleep disorders; and the Women’s Health 

Initiative (WHI).

The NHLBI provides global leadership for 

research, training, and education programs to promote the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and enhance the health of all individuals so that they can live longer and more fulfilling 

lives.

The NHLBI stimulates basic discoveries about the 

causes of disease, enables the translation of basic discoveries into clinical practice, fosters training and 

mentoring of emerging scientists and physicians, and 

communicates research advances to the public. It 

creates and supports a robust, collaborative research 

infrastructure in partnership with private and public 

organizations, including academic institutions, industry, and other government agencies. The Institute 

collaborates with patients, families, health care professionals, scientists, professional societies, patient 

advocacy groups, community organizations, and the 

media to promote the application of research results 

and leverage resources to address the health needs of 

the public. The NHLBI also collaborates with international organizations to help reduce the burden of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases worldwide.

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the scientific areas for which it is responsible and updates 

its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are 

identified, the Institute expands and revises its areas 

of interest. Throughout the process, the approach 

used by the Institute is an orderly sequence of 

research activities that includes:

• Acquisition of knowledge

• Evaluation of knowledge

• Application of knowledge

• Dissemination of knowledge

NHLBI Programs

The programs of the NHLBI, as shown in the following table, are implemented through four extramural units:

• Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (DCVS)

• Division of Lung Diseases (DLD)

• Division of Blood Diseases and Resources 

(DBDR)

• Division for the Application of Research Discoveries (DARD)

and one intramural unit:

• Division of Intramural Research (DIR)

The extramural divisions use a variety of funding 

mechanisms, such as individual research project 

grants, cooperative agreements, program project 

grants, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

grants, Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

grants, Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented 

Research (SCCOR) grants, comprehensive center 

grants, contracts, and research training and career 

development grants.

In fiscal year (FY) 2010, the DCVS was created 

by combining two previously existing divisions—the 

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Division 
10

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Cardiovascular Diseases

Advanced Technologies and Surgery

Diagnostics Development

Emerging Therapeutics

Enabling Technologies

Surgical Advances

Atherothrombosis and Coronary 

Artery Disease

Acute and Chronic Coronary

 Syndromes

Acute and Silent Ischemia

Angina

Atherothrombosis

Coronary Artery Disease

Myocardial Infarction

Revascularization

Clinical Applications and 

Prevention

Behavioral Medicine

Prevention of Cardiovascular

Disorders

Obesity Health Outcomes

Epidemiology

Analytical Resources

Field Studies and Clinical

Epidemiology

Genetic Epidemiology

Heart Development and 

Structural Disease

Adult Congenital Disease

Cardiac Immunology and Infection

Cardiovascular Development

Heart Transplantation

Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease

Valvular Heart Disease

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias 

Arrhythmias

Heart Failure

Myocardial Protection

Resuscitation

Sudden Cardiac Death

Vascular Biology and Hypertension

Aneurysms

Cerebrovascular Disease

Hypertension

Lymphatic Diseases

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Renal Vascular Disease

Vascular Biology

Vascular Development and 

Angiogenesis

Cardiovascular Diseases 

(continued)

Women’s Health Initiative

Hormone Therapy Trial

Dietary Modification Trial

Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

Observational Study

Memory Study

Lung Diseases

Airway Biology and Disease

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

 Disease (COPD) and

 Environmental Lung Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Genetics, Genomics, and

 Biotechnology

Lung Biology and Disease

Acquired Immunodeficiency

 Syndrome (AIDS) and 

 Tuberculosis (TB)

Critical Care and Acute Lung 

 Injury

Developmental Biology and 

 Pediatric Lung Disease

Immunology and Fibrosis

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology

National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

Sleep Disorders and Related

 Conditions

Ventilatory Control

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood Diseases

Anemias

Erythropoiesis

Malaria

Red Cells

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Thalassemia

Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Hematologic Immune Disorders

Hemophilia and Other Bleeding 

Disorders

Hemostasis

Immunity and Inflammation

Thrombosis

Blood Diseases and Resources 

(continued)

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular 

Therapeutics

Hematopoietic Stem Cell 

 Transplantation

Immune Deficiencies, Reconstitution, 

Response, and Tolerance

Myelodysplasia, Marrow Failure, 

 and Myeloproliferative Disorders

Novel Cellular Therapies for Repair 

and Regeneration

Stem Cell Biology

Transfusion Medicine Use, Safety, 

and Availability of Blood and 

Blood Components

Application of Research 

Discoveries

Research Translation Branch

Development of Clinical Practice 

Guidelines

Clinical Support and Implementation

 Applications

Knowledge Exchange Networks

Enhanced Dissemination and 

Utilization Branch

Research Dissemination

Research Utilization

Community Programs

Data Analysis and Evaluation

Intramural Research

Clinical Research

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Hematology

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine

Translational Medicine

Laboratory Research

Biochemistry and Biophysics

Cell Biology and Physiology

Genetics and Development Biology

Immunology

Programs Supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 
11

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

of Prevention and Population Sciences—so that the 

administrative structure would better match the dynamic 

interaction that exists among basic, clinical, and population sciences. Because the areas addressed by the two 

previous divisions are closely linked, the Institute 

believed that merging the two Divisions would stimulate 

the collaborative efforts that are needed to advance cardiovascular research.

Descriptions of the Divisions follow.

Division of Cardiovascular Sciences

The DCVS supports basic, clinical, population, and 

health services research on the causes, prevention, and 

treatment of CVD and technology development for its 

diagnosis and treatment. The Division fosters research in 

atherothrombosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial 

infarction and ischemia, heart failure, arrhythmia, sudden 

cardiac death, adult and pediatric congenital heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, cardiovascular complications of diabetes and obesity, and other cardiovascular 

disorders. A SCCOR supports clinical collaborative 

research in vascular injury, repair, and remodeling and a 

Centers Program supports cardiac translational research 

associated with preventing and treating heart failure and 

arrhythmias.

The Division’s research portfolio includes a number of 

well-known epidemiological cohort studies that describe 

disease and risk factor patterns in populations; clinical 

trials of interventions to prevent disease and to reduce or 

eliminate risk factors; studies of the influence of genetic, 

behavioral, sociocultural, environmental, and health systems factors on disease risk and outcomes; and studies of 

the application of prevention and treatment strategies to 

determine how to improve clinical care and public health. 

The Division also supports research training and career 

development in these areas.

In addition to the Office of the Director, the Division 

is organized into three Programs, eight Branches, and 

three Offices, which are described below.

Basic and Early Translational Research 

Program

The Basic and Early Translational Research Program 

supports and provides leadership for basic, preclinical, 

and early translational studies on vascular biology and 

hypertension, cardiovascular surgery, and development 

of advanced technologies for diagnosis and treatment of 

CVD.

The Program is divided into the two branches 

described below. 

Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch

The Advanced Technologies and Surgery Branch supports integrated basic, translational, and clinical research 

to develop technologies for the diagnosis, prevention, 

and treatment of CVD. Research on diagnostics focuses 

on proteomic, genomic, and other biomarker technologies and on imaging modalities and agents. Therapeutics 

research focuses on tissue-, cell-, and gene-based therapies; regenerative and reparative medicine; image-guided 

therapies; and cardiac and circulatory support and repair 

devices. Research related to surgery addresses improved 

surgical and image-guided therapies and the translation 

of cardiovascular surgical advances into clinical practice. 

Enabling technologies research includes bioinformatics, 

computational and systems biology, bioengineering, nanotechnology, materials research, and personalized 

medicine.

Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch

The Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research on the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment 

of hypertension and vascular diseases. Vascular biology 

focuses on the biology of the vascular wall and its role in 

hypertension and vascular diseases; the development of 

arteries, veins, lymphatics, and microcirculation; and 

angiogenesis. Vascular disease research focuses on cerebrovascular, renal, lymphatic, aneurismal, and peripheral 

vascular diseases. Hypertension research focuses on the 

study of blood pressure regulation—including central, 

renal, and vascular control—and cerebrovascular disease 

resulting from high blood pressure.

Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program

The Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Research Program 

supports and provides leadership for basic, translational, 

and clinical research on development, maturation, and 

functioning of the heart throughout all stages of life. 

Areas of research include cardiac development and maturation, myocyte structure and function, myocardial energetics and metabolism, cardiac electrophysiology, 

coronary artery structure and function, the failing heart, 
12

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

valvular heart disease, exercise physiology, nutrition and 

the heart, congenital heart disease from birth through 

adulthood, the intrauterine environment and cardiovascular risk, cardiomyopathy, atherothrombosis, and coronary 

artery disease. A major function of the Program is to 

provide collaborative leadership for systematic oversight 

of clinical research across the Division, including clinical 

research information technology and standard but flexible operating procedures. 

The Program is organized into the three branches 

described below.

Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch

The Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease 

Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research on 

the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of coronary artery disease and atherothrombosis. Research on coronary artery disease focuses on 

acute and chronic coronary syndromes, including myocardial infarction; acute ischemia, angina, and silent ischemia; and percutaneous and surgical revascularization of 

stenotic and restenotic coronary lesions. Atherothrombosis research investigates atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries and other arterial beds; lipid fractions and 

interactions with the arterial wall; lesion instability, vulnerable plaques, and thrombosis; and biomarker and 

imaging diagnostics to quantify plaque and atherosclerosis progression. Atherothrombosis research also includes 

studies of diet, exercise, diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic conditions related to atherothrombosis.

Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch

The Heart Development and Structural Diseases 

Branch supports integrated basic and clinical research on 

normal and abnormal cardiovascular development and 

the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of pediatric and adult structural heart disease. 

Research areas in heart development include normal and 

abnormal development, molecular and genetic etiology 

of cardiovascular malformations, cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells, and gene–environment interactions in the development of congenital heart disease. 

Structural disease research includes the investigation of 

congenital heart disease, from embryology through adulthood, and the associated exercise physiology and neurodevelopmental outcomes; valve disease; pediatric 

cardiomyopathy and heart transplantation; and pediatric 

cardiac inflammation and infection.

Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch 

The Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch supports 

integrated basic and clinical research on normal and 

abnormal cardiac function to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart failure and arrhythmias 

and to protect the myocardium and manage resuscitation. 

Heart failure research addresses the pathogenesis and 

treatment of heart failure and cardiomyopathies, including the use of devices, medical treatments, and cell-based 

therapies. Arrhythmias research investigates the etiology 

of rare and common arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, 

and arrhythmogenesis and explores the genetic and environmental bases of normal cardiac electrical activity. 

Myocardium protection research focuses on stunning and 

hibernation, ischemic/reperfusion injury, and preconditioning. Resuscitation research includes the study of 

whole-body oxygen deprivation; organ preservation; and 

cell, tissue, and organ protection during cardiac arrest 

and traumatic shock.

Prevention and Population Sciences Program 

The Prevention and Population Sciences Program supports and provides leadership for population- and clinicbased research on the causes, prevention, and clinical 

care of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders. Areas of research include epidemiological 

studies to describe disease and risk factor patterns in 

populations and to identify risk factors for disease; clinical trials of interventions to prevent disease; genetic, 

behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental influences 

on disease risk and outcomes; and the application of prevention and treatment strategies to determine how to 

improve clinical care and public health. 

The Program is organized into the three branches 

described below.

Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch

The Clinical Applications and Prevention Branch supports, designs, and conducts research and supports training on behavioral, environmental, clinical, and health 

care approaches to reduce the occurrence and consequences of CVD. Prevention research examines the 

effectiveness of interventions to slow or halt risk factor 

or disease development or progression. Interventions—

many of which focus on high-risk individuals and 
13

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

populations—include medications, behavioral strategies, and environmental change. Studies to examine lifestyle, nutrition and exercise, psychological and 

sociocultural factors, and environmental and genetic 

influences relevant to prevention are supported. Also 

supported is clinical application research to examine 

approaches to improve health care delivery and patient 

outcomes. Studies include clinical and community trials 

and observational studies.

Epidemiology Branch

The Epidemiology Branch supports, designs, and conducts research and supports research training in the epidemiology of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. Studies are conducted to identify 

temporal trends and population patterns in the prevalence, incidence, morbidity, and mortality from the diseases and include single- and multicenter observational 

epidemiologic studies of development, progression, and 

treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders. Areas of emphasis include environmental, lifestyle, physiological, and genetic risk factors for 

disease and risk factor development including characterization of gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. 

Large cohorts of minority participants, such as Hispanics 

and blacks, have been assembled to explore health disparities in minorities. The Branch also distributes data 

from eligible NHLBI studies to researchers through a 

process that adheres to guidelines for the protection of 

participant privacy and confidentiality. 

Women’s Health Initiative Branch

The Women’s Health Initiative Branch—in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the 

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and 

Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute on Aging 

(NIA), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders 

and Stroke (NINDS), and the Office of Research on 

Women’s Health (ORWH)—supports clinical trials and 

observational studies to improve the understanding of the 

causes and prevention of major diseases affecting the 

health of women. Current studies focus on CVD, cancer, 

and fractures. Large multicenter observational studies 

seek to identify risk markers for disease or to better 

quantify known markers using questionnaires, clinical 

examinations, and laboratory data. The large and longterm multicenter clinical trials test promising but 

unproven interventions—such as hormone therapy, diet, 

and supplements—to prevent major diseases and evaluate 

overall effects on health. The Branch has established an 

infrastructure to support the use of data and blood samples from the studies by the scientific community. 

The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study 

(WHIMS), an ancillary study to the WHI, was designed 

to test whether hormone therapy prevents the development and progression of dementia symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Office of Biostatistics Research 

The Office of Biostatistics Research (OBR) provides 

statistical expertise to the Institute and performs diverse 

functions in planning, designing, implementing, and analyzing NHLBI-sponsored studies. Its primary responsibility is to provide objective, statistically sound, and 

medically relevant solutions to problems. The OBR is 

expected to provide a new and valid statistical solution 

when presented with a problem for which techniques are 

not yet available. Its methodological interests concern 

survival analysis; longitudinal data analysis; and efficient 

study designs, including the monitoring of ongoing clinical studies for efficacy and safety. The OBR has recently 

made contributions to statistical genetics and has 

extended its expertise to bioinformatics.

Office of Research Training and Career Development 

The Office of Research Training and Career 

Development supports training and career development 

programs in cardiovascular research for individuals at all 

educational levels, from high school students to faculty. 

It collaborates with the scientific community and professional organizations to ensure that its programs meet the 

needs of young scientists from diverse backgrounds. 

Activities include institutional and individual research 

training programs and fellowships; diversity supplements 

to provide mentored experiences with established 

research scientists; the Pathway to Independence 

Program, which allows recipients to bridge the gap 

between a career development award and a research 

award; and career development programs designed for 

clinical research. 

Office of Special Projects 

The Office of Special Projects represents the DCVS 

on NHLBI and NIH policy committees; oversees and 

works with Division leadership on selected activities of 

the DCVS clinical studies portfolio; fosters communication within DCVS by developing and coordinating 
14

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

Division-wide and Institute-wide interest groups on various 

topics; develops and implements specific cross-cutting 

projects; and provides expert consultation as needed for 

large-scale projects or initiative development. 

Division of Lung Diseases

The DLD supports research on the causes, diagnosis, 

treatment, and prevention of lung diseases and sleep disorders. Research is funded through investigator- and 

Institute-initiated grants and contracts in such disease 

areas as asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, COPD, 

CF, sleep-disordered breathing; critical care and acute 

lung injury; developmental biology and pediatric pulmonary diseases; immunologic and fibrotic pulmonary disease; rare lung disorders; pulmonary vascular disease; 

and pulmonary complications of AIDS and tuberculosis. 

SCCORs support collaborative studies on COPD, pulmonary vascular disease, and host factors in chronic lung 

diseases.

The Division also supports demonstration and dissemination projects to transfer basic research and clinical 

findings to health care professionals and patients, and 

training and career development programs for individuals 

interested in furthering their professional abilities in lung 

disease research. The DLD, through the National Center 

on Sleep Disorders Research, coordinates sleep research 

activities across the NIH, other Federal Agencies, and 

outside organizations.

The Division is organized into the three Branches 

described below.

Airway Biology and Disease Branch

The Airway Biology and Disease Branch supports 

basic and clinical research and research training in 

asthma, COPD, CF, and airway function in health and 

disease. The Branch supports innovative genetics, 

genomics, and biotechnology programs to advance discovery of lung disease risk factors, mechanisms, and 

treatment. It also funds applied studies to develop new 

methods of lung imaging. Additionally, the Branch 

focuses on health education research and demonstration 

and education projects for the management of asthma 

and COPD. 

Asthma research investigates the origins, pathogenesis, 

and management of asthma, including the role of immunologic and nonimmunologic events and inflammation in 

its pathogenesis; the genetics of asthma and atopy; airway remodeling and repair in asthma; the mechanisms 

of severe asthma; and the regulation of mucous hypersecretion and mucous cell metaplasia.

Research on COPD and other diseases of the lung 

related to smoking or environmental exposures explores 

pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development 

and progression of COPD, emphysema, and lung disease 

associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; genetic 

determinants of lung disease; treatment of COPD; and 

properties and health effects of air pollution.

Research on CF focuses on the function of the CF 

transmembrane conductance regulator and its role in 

lung disease. Areas of interest include airway epithelial 

ion transport, airway surface liquids, animal and cellular 

models for CF, signaling pathways in airway cells, regulation of mucin expression and secretion, development 

and clinical testing of treatments, and mechanisms 

underlying the infectious and inflammatory aspects of 

CF lung disease.

Lung Biology and Disease Branch

The Lung Biology and Disease Branch supports basic, 

translational, and clinical research and research training 

programs in pulmonary conditions associated with 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis, acute lung injury and critical care medicine, lung 

development and pediatric lung diseases, lung immunobiology and interstitial lung diseases, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and lung cell and vascular biology. In 

addition, it supports the development of tuberculosis curricula for medical schools. 

AIDS and tuberculosis research focuses on the pathogenesis and course of pulmonary manifestations of HIV 

infection and tuberculosis and host lung defenses against 

them and HIV-associated opportunistic infections. 

Emphasis is on identifying and understanding the pathogenesis of lung complications associated with HIV 

infection and characterizing the lung microbiome in 

HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals.

Research on acute lung injury and critical care medicine explores the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention 

of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The Branch supports development of new 

diagnostic tools for detection of acute lung injury and 

development of an artificial lung and oversees clinical 
15

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

studies of therapies for ARDS, including the ARDS 

Network.

Research in developmental biology and pediatric pulmonary diseases investigates the regulation of lung 

development, growth, and repair and focuses on pediatric pulmonary diseases in infants and children, including 

bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital and acquired 

upper airway abnormalities, and persistent pulmonary 

hypertension of the newborn. Research also focuses on 

identifying and determining the cell fate of lung progenitor stem cells, understanding lung regeneration, and 

exploring cell-based therapy for lung injury and disease.

Research on immunology and fibrosis includes studies of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, occupational and environmental lung diseases, and the role of 

immune response and inflammation in these diseases. 

The Branch also supports research on lung immunobiology, lung transplantation, and pathogenesis of 

lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Lung cell and vascular biology research investigates 

lung cell biology and function and pulmonary vascular 

disease, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and 

pulmonary embolism diagnosis. Research focuses on 

pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells, vascular endothelial 

cells, and the lung surfactant system. The Branch also 

performs research on the regulation of barrier function 

of pulmonary endothelial cells and regulation of lung 

permeability.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

The National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 

(NCSDR) supports research, health education, and 

research training related to sleep-disordered breathing 

and the fundamental function of sleep and circadian 

rhythms. Specific areas of interest include neurobiology 

of ventilatory control, respiratory rhythmogenesis, chemosensitivity, basic neurobiology of sleep–wake regulation, circadian-coupled cellular function, and effects of 

sleep deprivation. The NCSDR also stewards several 

forums, including the Sleep Disorders Research 

Advisory Board and the Trans-NIH Sleep Research 

Coordinating Committee, that facilitate the coordination 

of sleep research across the NIH and with other Federal 

Agencies and outside organizations. The Center participates in translation of new sleep research findings for 

dissemination to health care professionals and the 

public.

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

The DBDR supports research and research training on 

the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nonmalignant blood diseases, including anemias, SCD, and 

thalassemia; premalignant processes, such as myelodysplasia and myeloproliferative disorders; hemophilia and 

other abnormalities of hemostasis and thrombosis; and 

immune dysfunction. It supports a SCCOR and other 

specialized centers that focus on clinical collaborative 

research in hemostatic and thrombotic diseases, SCD, 

and cell-based therapies for blood diseases. 

The Division also supports research in transfusion 

medicine and blood banking, stem cell biology and disease, hematopoiesis, clinical cellular medicine, and blood 

supply adequacy and safety. It provides biospecimens 

and cellular resources to the scientific community. 

The Division is organized into the three Branches 

described below.

Blood Diseases Branch

The Blood Diseases Branch supports research and 

research training in blood diseases, including SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 

and other aplastic anemias and malaria. Additionally, it 

supports outcomes-related research. Research in SCD 

and thalassemia focuses on elucidating the etiology and 

pathophysiology of the diseases and improving disease 

treatment and management. Areas of emphasis include 

genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal hemoglobin 

production, hematopoietic transplantation, and gene therapy. Basic and translational red cell research are also 

areas of interest.

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch

The Thrombosis and Hemostasis Branch supports 

research and research training in hemostasis, thrombosis, 

and endothelial cell biology, including basic research, 

clinical studies, and technology development. Areas of 

interest include hemophilia; von Willebrand disease; and 

such immune disorders as idiopathic thrombocytopenic 

purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Research on bleeding disorders focuses on identifying effective treatments. 

Emerging areas of interest are gene transfer; clinical proteomics; glycomics; inflammation related to vascular 

injury from trauma and sepsis; thrombosis; stroke; 
16

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

coagulation activation; autoimmune disease; and 

thrombotic complications of obesity, diabetes, and 

cancer.

The Branch also supports research on the pathogenesis of arterial and venous thrombosis to improve the 

diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thrombosis in 

heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. A 

major goal is to find additional platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytic agents to treat thrombotic and 

thromboembolic disorders with better specificity and 

fewer side effects than those currently used for 

treatment.

Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch

The Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapeutics 

Branch supports research and research training in transfusion medicine, stem cell biology and disease, hematopoiesis, clinical cellular medicine, and blood supply 

adequacy and safety. Research focuses on the use, 

safety, and availability of blood and blood components 

for transfusion and cellular therapies. Research areas 

include transmission of disease, noninfectious complications of transfusions, immunobiology, cell biology and 

disease, novel cell-based therapies, hematopoietic stem 

cell transplantation, and overall product availability. The 

Branch develops programs for basic and clinical research 

related to normal and abnormal cellular biology and 

pathology. It also collaborates with governmental, private sector, and international organizations to improve 

the safety and availability of the global supply of blood 

and blood components. The Branch also supports major 

NHLBI resource programs that provide cellular therapeutic products and biospecimens to the NHLBI scientific community.

Division of Intramural Research

The DIR conducts laboratory and clinical research in 

heart, vascular, lung, blood, and kidney diseases and 

develops technology related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Areas of interest include the biologic 

basis of arteriosclerosis and its manifestations; pathophysiology of hypertensive vascular disease; functions of 

the lung; clinical and experimental studies on physiologic and pharmacologic aspects of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases; and a broad program of other basic 

research and technical developments related to them.

The DIR is organized into the four Centers and three 

Branches described below.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

The Biochemistry and Biophysics Center develops a 

global view of the molecular basis of structure–function 

relationships of proteins and biologically relevant molecules. It performs state-of-the-art nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of protein structure and 

functional interactions, develops mathematical tools for 

generating theoretical models of protein structure–function relationships, elucidates the mechanisms of enzyme 

function, and investigates the relationship between protein structure–function and cell signaling pathways.

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

The Cell Biology and Physiology Center develops a 

global view of the mechanisms that regulate cellular 

function and physiology. It evaluates the mechanisms 

that control different molecular machines within the cytosol, including those involved in muscle contraction and 

cytosolic and membrane transport processes. The Center 

studies cellular signaling events associated with hormone 

action, cytosolic trafficking, and energy metabolism; 

investigates the role of cellular processes on function and 

adaptation in whole-animal model systems; and develops 

unique measuring devices for studying biochemical and 

physiological processes in intact cells, whole animals, 

and clinical situations.

Genetics and Development Biology Center

The Genetics and Development Biology Center develops a global view of the mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular development and the etiology of congenital heart 

anomalies and CVD. It evaluates the function of specific 

genes and transcription factors in the development of 

the heart and other tissues, develops techniques and 

approaches for gene delivery and gene therapy in model 

systems, and works toward a better understanding of 

basic processes involved in regulating and interpreting 

the genetic code in development and disease.

Immunology Center

The Immunology Center develops a global view of the 

molecular basis of immune processes. It studies the intracellular and signaling processes involved in the activation 

of lymphocytes and mast cells, investigates the mechanisms by which drugs and other agents result in allergicautoimmune reactions, and relates the results to the 
17

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

development of new diagnostic and therapeutic 

approaches in humans.

Translational Medicine Branch

The Translational Medicine Branch conducts biomedical research directed at defining normal and abnormal 

biologic function at the molecular level. It develops 

diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for the treatment 

and understanding of CVD and implements mechanismbased clinical studies centered on innovative discoveries 

and observations from inside and outside the Branch.

Hematology Branch

The Hematology Branch conducts basic and clinical 

research on normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Areas 

of interest include bone marrow failure, viral infections 

of hematopoietic cells, gene therapy of hematologic and 

malignant diseases, bone marrow transplantation, and 

mechanisms of immunologically mediated syndromes, 

such as graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune 

diseases.

Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch

The Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch conducts research on the lung, heart, and systemic vasculature directed at defining normal physiological function 

and novel mechanisms of disease at the molecular, biochemical, and functional levels. It conducts research on 

emerging diseases of the lung characterized by unknown 

etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Areas of interest 

include lung diseases in blacks, such as SCD and sarcoidosis; the role of nitric oxide, nitrite, gender, preconditioning, and mitochondrial function on the modulation 

of ischemia and reperfusion injury of the heart and lung; 

and translational study and drug development for therapeutic modulation of vascular, pulmonary, and cardiac 

cellular and molecular dysfunction in diseases of the lung 

and heart.

Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

The DARD supports efforts to advance the application 

of scientific discoveries for preventing, detecting, and 

treating cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders to improve the health of all Americans. It 

focuses on translating scientific evidence into clinical 

guidelines for physicians to implement in their practice 

and into community health promotion or education 

programs for communities to disseminate to the public. 

The Division uses several channels of communications, 

including communities of practice, knowledge networks, 

social media, Web sites, conferences, and symposia. 

DARD programs reach out to people in high-risk, lowincome communities to improve health and reduce health 

disparities. DARD activities promote communication 

and collaboration among researchers, clinical and public 

health practitioners, patients, and the general public. 

They also focus on identifying gaps in knowledge that 

can be addressed by future research. 

The Division is organized into the two Branches 

described below.

Research Translation Branch

The Research Translation Branch interprets research 

findings into effective approaches for practice. The 

Branch synthesizes and organizes evidence around priority diseases or conditions and leads the effort to develop 

both evidence-based systematic literature reviews and 

guidelines for clinical practice. The Branch also develops clinical decision support systems and other innovative applications for use in clinical and public health 

practice settings, and it facilitates knowledge exchange 

opportunities for researchers and practitioners around 

issues of research applicability and relevance to practice. 

Branch activities also identify knowledge gaps to inform 

future research.

Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch

The Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Branch 

collects, synthesizes, and communicates evidence-based 

findings on the determinants of population health to 

maintain and improve the health of diverse populations 

and reduce health disparities in underserved groups. The 

Branch translates research into effective community 

health promotion programs, establishes effective partnerships to improve health and reduce health disparities, and 

builds communication among organizations and communities to ensure their personal involvement in improving 

community health. Results are achieved by providing 

technical assistance and information resources to diverse 

audiences, including high-risk and underserved groups in 

a variety of community practice settings. The Branch 

identifies appropriate health outcomes for assessing successful implementation and conducts evaluation activities to ensure continuous improvement and inform 

program planning. 

19

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

June 16, 1948. President Harry S. Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the NHI in the 

Public Health Service (PHS), with the National 

Advisory Heart Council as its advisory body.

July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as an 

institute of the NIH by Surgeon General Leonard 

A. Scheele. As legislated in the National Heart Act, 

the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, 

training, and administration. Intramural research 

projects in CVD and gerontology conducted elsewhere in the NIH are transferred to the NHI. The 

Director of the NHI assumes all leadership for the 

total PHS heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke 

is appointed as the first Director of the NHI.

August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence 

September 1.

September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of 

California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane 

University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. 

Pending completion of the NHI’s own research 

organization and facilities, the Units are jointly 

financed by the NIH and the institutions.

July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research 

Program is established and organized on three general research levels consisting of three laboratory 

sections, five laboratory–clinical sections, and four 

clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

3. Important Events

January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the 

American Heart Association jointly sponsor the 

first National Conference on Cardiovascular 

Diseases to summarize current knowledge and to 

make recommendations concerning further progress against heart and blood vessel diseases.

December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly 

from a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the 

intramural research program.”

February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to 

the Nation—A Decade of Progress Against 

Cardiovascular Disease.

April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s 

further role in a national attack on these diseases,” 

convenes at the White House and submits its report.

September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for the 

PHS.

December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases—cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS—

is held to evaluate progress since the 1950 
20

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

Conference and to assess needs and goals for continued 

and accelerated growth against heart and blood vessel 

diseases.

December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke—appointed by 

President Johnson on March 7, 1964—submits its report 

to “recommend steps that can be taken to reduce the burden and incidence of these diseases.”

August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

October 6, 1965. In FY 1966, Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89–199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President’s Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds 

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 

discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. 

Dr. Nirenberg, chief of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and 

the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research 

activities directly related to the study and treatment of 

hemophilia.”

November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the NHI 

is commemorated at the White House under the auspices 

of President Johnson and other distinguished guests.

August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an 

Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon’s 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-Agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92–294) provides for a national diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. The Act 

does not mention the NHLI but has special pertinence 

because the Institute has been designated to coordinate 

the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information 

and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 
21

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

Information Center is established within the NHLI Office 

of Information to collect and disseminate public and 

professional information about the disease.

July 1972. The NHLI launches its National High 

Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), a program of patient and professional education that has as 

its goal to reduce death and disability related to high 

blood pressure.

July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated to 

Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven 

division-level components: Office of the Director, 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (DHVD), DLD, 

DBDR, DIR, Division of Technological Applications, 

and Division of Extramural Affairs (DEA). 

September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood 

Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92–423) 

expands the authority of the Institute to advance the 

national attack on the diseases within its mandate. The 

act calls for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be planned by the Director and reviewed by the 

National Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program 

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President 

by the President’s Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. 

The report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John 

S. Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers 

for heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended by 

the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act 

of 1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research on 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to 

provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the PHS Act 

(P.L. 94–278) changes the name of the NHLI to the 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and 

provides for an expansion in blood-related activities 

within the Institute and throughout the National Heart, 

Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program. 

August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension 

Act of 1977 (P.L. 95–83) reauthorizes the programs of 

the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

February 1978. The NHLBI and the American Heart 

Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more could 

be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension 

were under treatment.

November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special 

Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its 

HDFP, “which stands alone among clinical studies in its 

profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.
22

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

September 8, 1981. The Working Group on 

Arteriosclerosis—convened in 1978 to assess present 

understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and 

emphasize opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis—completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical language. 

Volume II provides an in-depth substantive basis for the 

conclusions and recommendations contained in Volume I.

October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed 

Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Levy.

September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support 

measures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood 

cholesterol to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) 

mortality but raise questions about optimal treatment of 

mild hypertension.

October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.

January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 

10 years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

April 1984. The Division of Epidemiology and 

Clinical Applications (DECA) is created. It provides the 

Institute with a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, 

demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides new opportunities to examine the interrelationships 

of cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

November 1984. An NHLBI–NIH Clinical Center 

inter-Agency agreement for studies on the transmission 

of HIV from humans to chimpanzees leads to the first 

definitive evidence that the transmission is by blood 

transfusion.

April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis 

in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing 

streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen 

activator (t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic 

agent recombinant t-PA is approximately twice as effective as SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education 

Program is initiated to increase health care provider 

awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation programs, techniques for use within health care 

settings, and resources for use within communities to 

expand and reinforce such efforts.

October 14, 1985. NHLBI-supported researchers 

Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein are awarded 

the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol 

metabolism.

November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the 

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) to 

increase awareness among health professionals and the 

public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of CHD 

and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels will 

contribute to the reduction of CHD.

June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with SCD.

September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events on 

the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of the 

X World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine titled “American Contributions 

to Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two 

symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular 

Disease Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and 

Nursing Research.”

December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary, HHS, for their participation in the Framingham Heart Study over the past 40 years.
23

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute’s anniversary—Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute—document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the 

Institute’s 40-year history.

October 1987. The National Blood Resource 

Education Program is established to ensure an adequate 

supply of safe blood and blood components to meet the 

Nation’s needs and to ensure that blood and blood 

components are transfused only when therapeutically 

appropriate.

April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established 

in 1973.

September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. 

It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically 

diverse American Indian groups. 

October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program 

is transferred from the Department of the Navy to the 

NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point for 

bone marrow research, includes a national registry of 

volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National Asthma 

Education Program to raise awareness of asthma as a 

serious chronic disease and to promote more effective 

management of asthma through patient and professional 

education. 

May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists—led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and R. 

Michael Blaese, NCI—insert a normal gene into a 

patient’s cells to compensate for a defective gene that left 

the patient’s cells unable to produce an enzyme essential 

to the functioning of the body’s immune system.

January 1991. The NHLBI Obesity Education 

Initiative (OEI) begins. Its objective is to make a concerted effort to educate the public and health professionals about obesity as an independent risk factor for 

CVD and its relationship to other risk factors, such as 

high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.

February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to 

educate physicians and other health care providers in 

asthma management.

April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a National Heart 

Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) to reduce premature 

morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction 

(AMI) and sudden death. The Program emphasizes rapid 

disease identification and treatment.

July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in the 

Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and myocardial infarction.
24

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left 

Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They 

demonstrate that use of the angiotensin-converting 

enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril causes a significant 

reduction in mortality and hospitalization for congestive 

heart failure in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors “Physical 

Activity and Cardiovascular Health: Special Emphasis on 

Women and Youth,” the first national workshop to assess 

the current knowledge in the field and to develop scientific priorities and plans for support. Recommendations 

from the Working Groups are published in the supplemental issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and 

Exercise.

March 1992. The International Consensus Report on 

Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It is 

to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that 

both weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce 

blood pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood 

pressure and may reduce the incidence of primary 

hypertension.

June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 

individuals.

October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.

October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the 

Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.

June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103–43) establishes the NCSDR within the NHLBI.

June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea (MSH) are released through a clinical 

alert. They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the 

number of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely 

affected adults with SCD. This is the first effective treatment for adult patients with this disorder.

September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass 

Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

May 1996. The NHLBI announces results from the 

Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and more 

aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. The Treatment of Mild 

Hypertension Study (TOMHS) demonstrates that lifestyle changes—such as weight loss, a healthy eating 

plan, and physical activity—are crucial for reducing 

blood lipids in those treated for Stage I hypertension.

September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network (ACRN) show that for people with 
25

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

asthma, taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly scheduled times is safe but provides no greater benefit than 

taking the medication only when asthma symptoms 

occur. The recommendation to physicians who treat 

patients with mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled betaagonists only on an as-needed basis.

November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in older 

patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the following 

risk factors affect the progression of atherosclerosis 

equally in women and men, regardless of race: low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high low-density 

lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and cigarette smoking.

February 24, 1997. The National Asthma Education 

and Prevention Program (NAEPP) releases the Expert 

Panel Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and 

Management of Asthma to the public at a press conference held in conjunction with a meeting of the American 

Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San 

Francisco.

May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic therapy 

in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.

September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.

September 1997. The Institute’s National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute’s inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute’s anniversary—Vital Signs: 

Discoveries in Diseases of the Heart, Lungs, and 

Blood—documents the remarkable research advances 

of the past 50 years.

October 1, 1997. The WHI, initiated in 1991, is transferred to the NHLBI.

November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

VI) is released at a press conference held in conjunction 

with the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee.

December 1997. Findings from the Trial To Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease—established in November 1995 to develop a 

plan for future NHLBI biobehavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders—

presents its recommendations. The report outlines a set 

of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan 

for support over the next several years.

February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the 

University of California, San Francisco—hold 

Cardiovascular Health: Coming Together for the 21st 

Century, A National Conference, in San Francisco.

March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney 

Diseases (NIDDK), releases Clinical Guidelines on the 

Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight 

and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.
26

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.

March 1999. The ARDS Network Study of Ventilator 

Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical 

care specialists can be alerted to the results. The study 

demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease 

Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives 

for Cardiovascular Health.

November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from 

coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could 

support their efforts. 

November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Web-based 

Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and 

resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, sleep, and 

minority populations.

April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special expert 

meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 

to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 

September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

October 2000. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Management Program (CAMP) demonstrate that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term treatment of children with mild-to-moderate asthma.

January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.

February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

February 1, 2001. The NHLBI—along with the HHS 

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the 

Office of the Surgeon General, the Centers for Disease 

Control and Prevention (CDC), the NINDS, and the 

American Heart Association—signs a memorandum of 

understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to 

meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education 

effort directed at women.

April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s Third 

Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III).

June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) identify characteristics of patients at high risk for death following lung 

volume reduction surgery. 
27

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

“Act in Time to Heart Attack Signs,” a national campaign 

to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack and the 

need for a fast response.

October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

November 2001. Results of the Randomized 

Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment 

of Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using an 

implanted left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

April 10, 2002. The World Hypertension League 

(WHL) and the NHLBI hold an international symposium; subsequently they prepare an action plan at the 

WHL Council Conference to control hypertension and 

obesity.

April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—the 

HHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the CDC, the American Heart Association, the 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the 

Health Resources and Services Administration—hold a 

national conference, “Cardiovascular Health for All: 

Meeting the Challenge of Healthy People 2010.”

June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

June 2002. The fourth edition of The Management 

of Sickle Cell Disease, which describes the current 

approach to counseling SCD patients and managing 

many of the medical complications of SCD, is issued to 

coincide with the 30th anniversary of the NHLBI Sickle 

Cell Program.

July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, 

stroke, and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo 

pills.

August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in blacks.

December 4, 2002. Results of the Atrial Fibrillation 

Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management Trial 

(AFFIRM) indicate that rate control rather than rhythm 

control may be the preferred approach for patients with 

atrial fibrillation. The rate control strategy involves 

the use of less expensive drugs and results in fewer 

hospitalizations.

December 17, 2002. Results of the ALLHAT, the 

largest hypertension clinical trial ever conducted, show 

that less expensive traditional diuretics are at least as 

good as newer medicines (calcium channel blocker and 

ACE inhibitors) in treating high blood pressure and 

preventing some forms of heart disease.

January 23, 2002. An NHLBI-supported study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging can be used to 

detect heart attacks faster and more accurately than traditional methods in patients who arrive at the emergency 

room with chest pain.

February 24, 2002. The Prevention of Recurrent 

Venous Thromboembolism Trial is stopped early because 

treatment with low-dose warfarin to prevent recurrence 

of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was 

so beneficial. 

April 2003. Results of the MSH Patients’ Follow-Up 

Study show that the adult patients who took hydroxyurea 

over a 9-year period experienced a 40 percent reduction 

in deaths. Survival was related to fetal hemoglobin 

levels and frequency of vaso-occlusive events. 

April 23, 2003. Results of the PREMIER trial of 

behavioral lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control show that individuals with prehypertension or stage I 

hypertension can lower their blood pressure by making 

multiple lifestyle changes. 

May 14, 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, 
28

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

(JNC VII) is released. 

May 22, 2003. The NETT finds that lung volume 

reduction surgery (LVRS) benefits emphysema patients 

with certain clinical characteristics. The findings will be 

useful in the determination of Medicare coverage policy. 

July 2003. The NHLBI and Gen-Probe Corporation 

succeed in developing a test to screen donated blood for 

the West Nile Virus. 

August 2003. The NHLBI establishes a partnership 

with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 

to advance research on cardiovascular, respiratory, and 

blood diseases. 

November 2003. The Public Access Defibrillation 

Trial demonstrates that use of an automated external defibrillator and CPR by trained community volunteers can 

increase survival for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. 

March 2004. The NIH stops the estrogen-alone component of the WHI early due to the increased risk of 

stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Estrogen does not 

appear to affect heart disease. 

March 2004. Preliminary results of the Sudden 

Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that an 

implantable cardiac defibrillator can reduce death in heart 

failure patients. 

 July 2004. The NHLBI releases an update to the 

2001 NCEP ATP III guidelines on the treatment of high 

blood cholesterol in adults. 

 August 2004. The NHBPEP Working Group on High 

Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents releases the 

Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and 

Adolescents.

 August 2004. An NHLBI-funded study shows that 

nucleic acid amplification testing for HIV-1 and hepatitis 

C virus (HCV) further safeguards the Nation’s blood 

supply.

October 2004. Results from a new study of adults 

with mild asthma by researchers participating in the 

ACRN demonstrate that genes affect patient response, 

over time, to daily doses of inhaled albuterol, a drug 

used for relief of acute asthma symptoms. A few weeks 

of its regular use improves overall asthma control in 

individuals with one form of the gene, but stopping all 

use of albuterol eventually improves asthma control in 

those with another form of the gene. The findings could 

lead to better ways to individualize asthma therapy.

November 2004. Results of the Prevention of Events 

With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition 

(PEACE) demonstrate that many heart disease patients 

who are already receiving state-of-the-art therapy do not 

gain extra cardiovascular protection from ACE inhibitors. 

December 2004. The NHLBI stops early the Stroke 

Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia Trial II (STOP II) so 

that physicians who treat children with sickle cell anemia 

can be alerted to its findings. STOP II, which is a study 

to determine whether children with sickle cell anemia 

and at high risk for stroke could at some point safely stop 

receiving the periodic blood transfusions that prevent 

strokes, shows that children revert to high risk for stroke 

when transfusions are stopped.

January 2005. The NHLBI issues new guidelines for 

managing asthma during pregnancy.

January 2005. Results from Sudden Cardiac Death in 

Heart Failure (SCD-HeFT) show that patients with class 

II or class III heart failure and left ventricular ejection 

fraction of 35 percent or less have improved survival with 

implantable cardiac defibrillators. There is no benefit 

with amiodarone. 

January 26, 2005. Dr. Elizabeth G. Nabel is 

appointed Director of the NHLBI. She succeeds 

Dr. Claude Lenfant.

February 2005. NHLBI-supported scientists identify 

two genetic mutations common in individuals of African 

descent that are associated with a 40 percent reduction in 

LDL cholesterol.

June 1, 2005. HHS Secretary Mike Leavitt 

announces the launch of We Can!, Ways to Enhance 

Children’s Activity & Nutrition, a national education program from the NIH to prevent overweight and obesity 

among youth ages 8–13 years.

February 15, 2006. Results from the WHI Calcium 

and Vitamin D Trial show that calcium and vitamin D 

supplements in healthy postmenopausal women provide 

a modest improvement in bone mass preservation and 

prevent hip fractures in certain groups, including older 

women, but do not prevent other types of fractures or 

colorectal cancer.
29

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

May 10, 2006. Results from the Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education (CARE) Network show that 

daily treatment with inhaled corticosteroids can reduce 

breathing problems in preschool-aged children at high 

risk for asthma, but does not prevent them from developing persistent asthma.

May 31, 2006. The Prospective Investigation of 

Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) II finds that 

the ability to diagnose pulmonary embolism is improved 

when a commonly used imaging test of the chest to 

detect potentially deadly blood clots in the lung is complemented by an extension of the scan to the legs—

where the clots typically originate—or by a standard 

clinical assessment.

June 6, 2006. Results from the Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock 

(SHOCK) trial show that treating heart attack patients who 

have a life-threatening complication called cardiogenic 

shock with emergency angioplasty or bypass surgery 

greatly improves their long-term survival.

July 18, 2006. NHLBI scientists find that a hormone 

called brain natriuretic peptide or BNP, which can be 

detected in a simple blood test, can identify patients with 

SCD who have developed a life-threatening complication called pulmonary hypertension. The hormone is 

also a predictor of death in adult sickle cell patients. 

July 26, 2006. Results from two randomized clinical 

trials demonstrate that inhaled nitric oxide administered 

within the first few weeks of life helps prevent chronic 

lung disease in some low birthweight premature infants. 

Moreover, when administered within 48 hours after 

birth, it appears to protect some premature newborns 

from brain injury.

September 19, 2006. The NHLBI launches a peripheral artery disease awareness and education campaign, 

“Stay in Circulation: Take Steps To Learn About 

P.A.D.” (peripheral artery disease).

January 18, 2007. The NHLBI launches the Learn 

More Breathe Better campaign to increase COPD awareness among primary care physicians and the public.

August 29, 2007. The NAEPP issues the Expert Panel 

Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management 

of Asthma—Full Report 2007, an update of the latest scientific evidence and recommendations for clinical practice on asthma care.

October 1, 2007. The NHLBI launches an open 

access dataset for researchers worldwide. Known as 

SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe), the 

Web-based dataset will enable qualified researchers to 

access data from large population-based studies, starting 

with the landmark Framingham Heart Study. It is 

expected to accelerate discoveries linking genes and 

health, thereby advancing understanding of the causes 

and prevention of CVD and other disorders.

October 8, 2007. Mario Capecchi and Oliver 

Smithies, who are researchers supported by the NHLBI, 

are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 

for their creation of a gene-targeting technique that 

allows scientists to create transgenic mice that are genetically modified to develop human diseases.

December 3, 2007. The NHLBI announces a new 

strategic plan to guide its next decade of research, training, and education to reduce the national burden of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

December 10, 2007. Results of the Occluded Artery 

Trial (OAT) are incorporated into practice guidelines: 

The American College of Cardiology/American Heart 

Association’s 2007 Focused Update of the 2004 

Guidelines for the Management of Patients With 

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The guidelines discourage percutaneous coronary intervention of a totally 

occluded artery late in the course of myocardial infarction in the absence of symptoms if patients are stable and 

do not have evidence of severe ischemia.

January 28, 2008. Results from the ALLHAT demonstrate that in people—especially blacks—who have high 

blood pressure as part of metabolic syndrome, diuretics 

offer greater protection against CVD, including heart 

failure, and are at least as effective for lowering blood 

pressure as newer, more expensive medications.

February 2008. The NHLBI stops one treatment arm 

of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes 

(ACCORD) clinical trial of adults who have type 2 diabetes at high risk for heart attack and stroke after a 

review of available data showed that participants following a medical strategy to lower blood glucose below current recommendations to near-normal levels increased 

the risk of death compared with a standard treatment 

strategy. All participants now follow a medical strategy 

to reach the standard blood sugar levels while the lipid 

and blood pressure components of the study continue.
30

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

February 2008. An independent panel convened by 

the NIH concludes that the use of hydroxyurea for treating SCD should be increased among adolescents and 

adults who have the disease.

February 29, 2008. The NHLBI issues the first U.S. 

guidelines for the diagnosis and management of von 

Willebrand Disease, the most common inherited bleeding 

disorder.

March 2008. The NHLBI announces a comprehensive restructuring of its SCD research program to take 

advantage of new scientific opportunities and make SCD 

resources more widely available.

March 4, 2008. The WHI Follow-up Study confirms 

that the health risks of long-term combination hormone 

therapy outweigh the benefits for postmenopausal 

women. Researchers report that about 3 years after 

women stopped taking combination hormone therapy, 

many of the health effects of hormones—such as 

increased risk of heart disease—are diminished but overall risks of stroke, blood clots, and cancer remain high.

March 5, 2008. Scientists report that they have 

identified the variants of the gene VKORC1 that 

determine a patient’s initial response to treatment with 

the blood-thinning (anticoagulant) drug warfarin. The 

finding is expected to enhance the ability of physicians to 

tailor the dosage of warfarin for individual patients.

April 2008. NHLBI-supported researchers identify 

gene variants associated with increased susceptibility to 

asthma and reduced lung function in three study populations. Risk for developing asthma is linked to variants in 

a gene called CHI3L1, which can be measured by checking levels of an inherited blood protein that it regulates.

April 8, 2008. Results from the Stop Atherosclerosis 

in Native Diabetic Study (SANDS) show that aggressively lowering cholesterol and blood pressure levels 

below current targets in adults with type 2 diabetes may 

help to prevent, and possibly reverse, hardening of the 

arteries.

April 14, 2008. The NHLBI, along with the NCI and 

National Institute of General Medical Sciences 

(NIGMS), signs a letter of intent with the Center for 

Genomic Medicine in Japan to create a Global Alliance 

for Pharmacogenomics to identify genetic factors that 

contribute to individual responses to medicines, including rare and dangerous side effects. Research results 

will eventually allow physicians to ensure the safety and 

optimize the effectiveness of drugs for each patient.

August 18, 2008. The NHLBI launches an educational 

Web site, “Children and Clinical Studies,” which features 

documentary videos, text, and graphics designed to promote a better understanding of research in children for 

health care professionals and the public.

September 15, 2008. The Surgeon General’s Call to 

Action To Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary 

Embolism is released. The Call to Action, which urges a 

coordinated, multifaceted plan to reduce the number of 

cases of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 

nationwide, resulted from a Surgeon General’s Workshop 

on Deep Vein Thrombosis co-sponsored by the NHLBI.

September 25, 2008. Researchers announce that they 

have developed a genetically altered animal model for 

CF that closely matches the characteristics of the disease 

in humans.

October 6, 2008. NIH scientists show that tipifarnib, an 

experimental anticancer drug, can prevent, and even 

reverse, potentially fatal cardiovascular damage in a mouse 

model of progeria (rare genetic disorder that causes the 

most dramatic form of human premature aging).

December 15, 2008. The NHLBI expands its openaccess dataset of genetic and clinical data to include 

information collected from three NHLBI-funded asthma 

research networks: ACRN, CAMP, and CARE.

December 19, 2008. Researchers identify a gene that 

directly affects the production of a form of hemoglobin 

that is instrumental in modifying the severity of SCD and 

thalassemia. 

March 29, 2009. Results from the Surgical Treatment 

for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) study show that surgery to reshape the scarred left ventricle, the main pumping chamber of the heart, often performed in conjunction 

with coronary bypass surgery, fails to reduce deaths and 

hospitalizations in heart failure patients and does not 

improve quality of life compared with bypass alone.

June 5, 2009. Results from the Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D) study in 

patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease 

indicate that while revascularization can be delayed for 

many patients receiving optimal medical therapy, patients 

with extensive coronary artery disease do better with 

prompt bypass surgery than with medical therapy alone.
31

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events 

June 10, 2009. The NHLBI joins with UnitedHealth 

Group’s Chronic Disease Initiative to launch a worldwide network of research and training centers to build 

institutional and community capacity to prevent and control chronic diseases globally

July 28, 2009. The NHLBI stops the Sildenafil for 

Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension 

study after an interim review of the safety data shows that 

participants who are taking sildenafil are significantly more 

likely to have serious medical problems (e.g., severe pain 

called sickle cell crises) compared with participants on 

placebo.

August 16, 2009. Results from the Exome Project demonstrate the feasibility and value of isolating and sequencing all exons for identifying relatively rare genetic variants 

that may cause or contribute to disease. By focusing on the 

exome, important information about an individual can be 

obtained at a much lower cost than sequencing a person’s 

entire genome.

August 19, 2009. Results from Sleep Heart Health 

Study show that moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea 

is associated with an increased risk of death in middle-aged 

adults, especially men.

October 2009. The Division of Cardiovascular 

Sciences is created by combining two previously existing 

divisions, the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and the 

Division of Prevention and Population Sciences, so that the 

administrative structure better matches the dynamic interaction that exists among basic, clinical, and population 

sciences. 

December 9, 2009. Scientists, using a modified 

blood adult stem-cell transplant regimen, reverse SCD in 

9 of 10 adults who had been severely affected by the 

disease. 

May 2010. The NHLBI launches the National 

Asthma Control Initiative to improve asthma control in 

patients by bringing asthma care in line with evidencebased recommendations from the Expert Panel Report 3— 

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of 

Asthma and its companion document, Guidelines 

Implementation Panel Report—Partners Putting 

Guidelines Into Action. 

 33 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 4. Disease Statistics 

 Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack 

and angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

 In 2007, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,037,000 deaths and 43 percent of 

all deaths in the United States (p. 35). The estimated economic cost in 2007 for these diseases 

was $382 billion, 22 percent of the total economic 

costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 52). Of 

all diseases, heart disease is the leading cause of 

death, cerebrovascular disease is third (behind cancer), and COPD (including asthma) ranks fourth 

(p. 38). Cardiovascular and lung diseases account 

for 3 of the 4 leading causes of death (p. 38) and 

4 of the 10 leading causes of infant death (p. 44). 

Hypertension, heart disease, asthma, and COPD 

are especially prevalent and account for substantial 

morbidity in Americans (p. 47).

 The purpose of the biomedical research conducted by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders. National disease statistics show that by midcentury, morbidity and mortality from these diseases had reached record high 

levels. Since then, however, substantial improvements have been achieved, especially over the past 

40 years, as shown by the signifi cant decline in 

mortality rates. Because many of these diseases 

begin early in life, their early detection and control 

can reduce the risk of disability and can delay death. 

Although important advances have been made in the 

treatment and control of cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases, these diseases continue to be a major 

burden on the Nation.

 Mortality statistics in this chapter are for diseases 

or conditions classifi ed as the underlying cause of 

death. Heart failure, however, is never truly an 

underlying cause even though 56,565 deaths in 2007 

were nominally coded to it as the underlying cause. 

Therefore, in this chapter, mortality statistics 

attributed to any mention of heart failure represent 

it as either the underlying cause or a contributing 

cause of death.

 Cardiovascular Diseases

 • In 2007, CVD caused 814,000 deaths—

34 percent of all deaths (p. 35).

 • Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the 

main form, CHD, caused 406,000 deaths in 

2007 (pp. 36, 38).

 • The annual number of deaths from CVD 

increased substantially from 1900 to 1970 and 

remains high (p. 37). 

 • The death rate (not age-adjusted) for CVD 

increased from 1920 until it peaked in 1968. 

Since then, the trend has been downward. In 

2007, for the fi rst time, the rate was below the 

all-time low in 1900 (p. 37).

 • Cerebrovascular disease, the third leading cause 

of death, accounted for 136,000 deaths in 2007 

(pp. 36, 38).

 • Heart disease is second only to all cancers 

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 38).

 • Heart disease is the leading cause of death in 

blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians, but 

second to cancer in Asians. Stroke ranks as the 

third or fourth leading cause of death in the 

minority groups, except in American Indians, 

where it ranks seventh (p. 38).

 • Deaths with heart failure as the underlying or 

contributing cause increased from 1970 to 1993 

and then remained constant to 2007 (p. 39).

 • From 1999 to 2007, death rates for CHD and 

stroke declined in men and women of all racial/

ethnic groups. CHD mortality remained highest 

in the black population and lowest in the Asian 

population. Stroke mortality continues to be 

highest in the black population (p. 40).

 • Because of the rapid decline in mortality from 

CHD since the peak in 1968, there were 

1,137,000 fewer deaths from CHD in 2007 than 

would have occurred if there had been no 

decline (p. 41). 

 • Substantial improvements have been made in 

the treatment of CVD. Since 1975 or 1985, the 
 34 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 • From 1980 to 2007, infant death rates for 

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 43).

 • Of the 10 leading causes of infant mortality, 4 are 

lung diseases or have a lung disease component 

(p. 44). From 1997 to 2007, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital anomalies (-9 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (0.4 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome (-30 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome (-41 percent).

 • About one in six deaths in children under 1 year of 

age is due to a lung disease (p. 44).

 • From 1980 to 2007, the COPD death rate for women 

in the United States increased appreciably compared 

with the rates in several other countries (p. 45).

 • From 1999 to 2007, death rates for COPD decreased 

slightly for Asian and Hispanic women but were 

stable for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic 

black women. For men, the rates decreased in all 

racial/ethnic groups (p. 46).

 • Among the sleep disorders, sleep apnea is increasingly being recognized as an important health problem, which can lead to serious consequences. From 

1990 to 2008, physician offi ce visits for sleep apnea 

increased from 108,000 to 2.3 million (p. 46).

 • Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly 

in children (pp. 47, 48, 50). 

 • The economic cost of asthma, COPD, and pneumonia was $85 billion in 2007:

– $66 billion in direct health expenditures 

– $19 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 51).

 Blood Diseases

 • Almost 10,000 deaths were attributed to blood diseases in 2007 (p. 35). These include the following:

– 4,800 due to anemias

– 1,800 due to coagulation defects

– 800 due to purpura

– 2,500 due to other blood diseases.

 • A large proportion of deaths from AMI, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease involve 

blood-clotting problems (no estimate available). 

 • In 2007, blood diseases cost the Nation’s economy 

$10 billion:

– $7 billion in direct health expenditures

– $3 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 52). 

percent of hospitalizations for AMI, stroke, heart 

failure, and cardiac dysrhythmias that were discharged dead declined appreciably (p. 41).

 • The decline in CHD mortality began earlier in the 

United States than in most countries and outpaced 

that in most countries until the 1990s (only selected 

countries are shown) (p. 42).

 • From 1999 to 2007, the percentage decline in death 

rates for CHD and stroke was slightly greater for 

whites than for blacks (p. 43).

 • In 2008, an estimated 82.6 million persons in the 

United States had CVD, including 76.4 million with 

hypertension and 16.3 million with CHD (p. 47).

 • Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol, but not 

overweight. The large decline in prevalence of 

hypertension from 1976–1980 to 1988–1994 was 

fol lowed by a slightly higher prevalence in 

1999–2004 and 2005–2008 (p. 48).

 • From 1976–1980 to 2005–2008, the percentage of 

persons with hypertension who were aware of their 

condition, on treatment for it, and having their blood 

pressure under control increased substantially 

(p. 49).

 • A 2005–2008 national survey showed only about 

48 percent of hypertensive patients (systolic BP

≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on 

antihypertensive medication) had their condition 

under control (p. 49).

 • Hospitalization rates for heart failure in those aged 

45 to 64 years increased from 1971 to 1993 and 

remained stable to 2007. Rates for those aged 

65 years and older increased from 1971 to 1998 

and remained relatively stable to 2007 (p. 50).

 • The estimated economic cost of CVD for 2007 was 

$286 billion:

– $167 billion in direct health expenditures

– $119 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 52).

 Lung Diseases

 • Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 225,000 deaths in 2007 (p. 35).

 • COPD caused 124,000 deaths in 2007 and is the 

fourth leading cause of death (pp. 36, 38).

 • From 1999 to 2007, death rates for COPD and 

asthma decreased in both black and white men and 

women (p. 43).
 35 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2007 

 Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2007 

 Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 42.8% 

 Blood

0.4% 

 CVD

33.6% 

 Lung*

8.8% 

 CVD

78.5% 

 Blood

1.0% 

 Lung

20.6% 

 *

 Excludes 12,490 deaths from pulmonary heart disease (0.5%).

 Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1987 and 2007

 1987 2007 

 Cause of Death 

 Number of 

Deaths 

 Percent 

of Total 

 Number of 

Deaths 

 Percent 

of Total 

 All Causes 2,123,323 100 2,423,712 100 

 All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,161,275 55 1,036,520 43 

 Cardiovascular Diseases 974,045 46 813,804 34 

 Blood 8,430* <1 9,947* <1 

 Lung 191,389** 9 225,259† 9 

 All Other Causes 962,048 45 1,387,192 57 

 *

 Deaths from blood diseases not including blood-clotting disorders.

 ** Includes 12,589 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

 †

 Includes 12,490 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease.

Note: Numbers may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

Note: Numbers may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding. 

 Other

57.2% 
 36 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 White Blood 

Cell Diseases

4.3% 

 Other 

CVD*

28.8% 

 Pulmonary

Embolism

0.9% 

 Other

Atherosclerosis

3.7% 

 Other CHD

33.6% 

 AMI

16.3% 

 Stroke

16.7% 

 Anemias

48.6% 

 Coagulation 

Defects

17.7% 

Purpura 

8.5% 

 Other Blood 

Diseases

21.0% Pneumonia

23.5% 

 Deaths From Specifi c Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2007

 Deaths (Thousands) 

 Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood 

 Acute Myocardial Infarction 133 — —*

 Other Coronary Heart Disease 273 — — 

 Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 136 — —*

 Other Atherosclerosis 30 — —

 Pulmonary Embolism 7 7** —*

Deep Vein Thrombosis

 Other Cardiovascular Diseases 

2

 232 

—

 5* *

—*

 — 

 Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases† — — 10 

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — 124 — 

 Asthma — 3 — 

 Pneumonia — 53 — 

 Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 5 — 

 Interstitial Lung Diseases — 6 — 

 Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 18 — 

 Other Lung Diseases — 4 — 

 Total 814‡ 225 10 †

* Most deaths from this cardiovascular disease can be classifi ed as a blood-clotting disease. No good estimate is available. ** Deaths from pulmonary disorders also included as cardiovascular deaths.

† Deaths from anemias, coagulation defects, purpura, and other blood diseases. Deaths attributed to blood-clotting diseases classifi ed to AMI, stroke, and 

peripheral artery disease are not included.

‡ Numbers may not sum to the total due to rounding.

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,036,520.

Source: Prepared by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

 * Includes heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive disease, deep vein thrombosis, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.

 Note: Numbers may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.

 Source: Prepared by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Atherosclerosis-related disease 70.4% 

 Deaths From Cardiovascular 

Diseases, U.S., 2007 

 Airway Diseases

56.2% 

 Interstitial/

Other

 12.8% 

 Neonatal

2.2% 

 Pulmonary

Circulation

5.3% 

 Deaths From Lung Diseases, 

U.S., 2007 

 Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2007 
 37 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

800

1,000

1,200

400

600

Total

0

200

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2010

Total

H Dis

CHD

Stroke

400

500

600

200

300

0

100

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2010

CVD

H Dis

CHD

Stroke

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2007

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2007

 *

 Not age-adjusted.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Deaths (Thousands) 

 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2010 

 Year 

 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2010 

 Year 

 1,200

 1,000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0 

 600

 500

 400

 300

 200

 100

 0 

 Total CVD

 Heart Disease

 CHD

 Stroke 

 CVD

 Heart Disease

 CHD

 Stroke 
 38 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2007

 Cause of Death

 1 = Heart Disease*

 2 = Cancer

 3 = Stroke

 4 = COPD**

 5 = Accidents

 6 = Alzheimer’s Disease

 7 = Diabetes

 8 = Infl uenza and Pneumonia

 9 = Nephritis

 10 = Septicemia 

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 Years of potential life lost (millions)† 3.5 4.9 0.6 0.6 3.4 <0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 

 *

 Includes 134.7 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.

 ** COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.”

† Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 77 years.

 Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

HIV Infection

COPD

Nephritis

Homicide

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Pneumonia

Perinatal

Homicide 

COPD

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Alzheimer's

Nephritis

Suicide

COPD

Pneumonia

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Heart

Cancer

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

Pneumonia

Nephritis

Suicide

Stroke 

COPD

Cirrhosis

Diabetes

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

 Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 200 7 

 *

 Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacifi c Islanders. ** Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.

 Note: Causes of death shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths Percent of All Deaths 

Cause Black Cause Hispanic Cause Asian* Cause American Indian** 

150

200

250

0

50

100

150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0 

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

 Heart

 Cancer

 Stroke

 Accidents

 Diabetes

 Homicide

 Nephritis

COPD

 HIV Infection

 Septicemia 

 Heart

 Cancer

 Accidents

 Stroke

 Diabetes

 Cirrhosis

 COPD

Homicide

 Perinatal

Pneumonia

 Cancer

 Heart

 Stroke

 Accidents

 Diabetes

 Pneumonia

 COPD

 Suicide

Nephritis

 Alzheimer’s 

 Heart

 Cancer

 Accidents

 Diabetes

 Cirrhosis

COPD

Stroke

 Suicide

 Nephritis 

Pneumonia
 39 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

200

250

300

350

400

0

50

100

150

200

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41

Year

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1963, 1987, 

and 2007

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 Percent

Change 

 Percent

Change 

 Cause of Death 1963 1987 2007 1963–2007 1987–2007 

 All Causes 1,346 970 760 -44 -22 

 Cardiovascular Diseases 805 455 251 -69 -45 

 Coronary Heart Disease 478 239 126 -74 -47 

 Stroke 174 75* 42 -76 -44 

 Other 153 140 83 -46 -41 

 Noncardiovascular Diseases 541 514 509 -6 -1 

 COPD and Asthma 16 36** 41 147 12 

 Other 524 478 468 -11 -2 

 *

 ICD 10/9 comparability ratio (1.0502) applied.

 ** ICD 10/9 comparability ratio (1.0411) applied.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Deaths Attributed to Heart Failure,* U.S., 1970–2007 

 * Any mention of heart failure on the death certifi cate.

 Note: Breaks in trend line indicate change in ICD codes.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Deaths (Thousands) 

 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

 Year 

40 0

 350

300

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0 
 40 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

0

20

40

60

80

100

199920002001200220032004200520062007199920002001200220032004200520062007

Year

Black*

Wh*

As

His

Am

150

200

250

300

0

50

100

199920002001200220032004200520062007199920002001200220032004200520062007

Year

Black*

White*

Hisp

Indian

Asian

 1999 2007 1999 2007 

 Year 

 100

 80

 60

 40

 20

 0 

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2007 

 *

 Non-Hispanic.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Stroke by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, U.S., 1999–2007 

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 * Non-Hispanic.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Black*

 White*

 Hispanic

American Indian 

 Asian 

 300

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0 

Male Female 

 Year 

1999 2007 1999 2007 

 Male Female 

 Black*

 White*

 Asian

 Hispanic

 American Indian 
 41 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Cardiac 

Dysrhythmia 

Pneumonia

Heart Failure

Stroke

AMI

Percent Discharged Dead

1975 1985

2007

700

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

195019541958196219661970197419781982198619901994199820022006

Year

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2007

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau 

S ource: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2007 

 Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS. 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 

 Percent Discharged Dead 

 1975

 1985

 2007 

 AMI

 Stroke

 Heart Failure

 Pneumonia

 Cardiac

Dysrhythmias 

 Disease 

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

Almost 1.8 Million Deaths Expected 

in 2007 if Rise Had Continued 

 1,137,000 Deaths Averted in 2007 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,543,000–406,000) 

 406,000 Actual Deaths in 2007 

 1,543,000 Deaths Expected in 2007

 if No Decline From Peak Rate 

 700

 600

 500

 400

 300

 200

 100

 0 

 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 

 Year 
 42 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

300.0

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

1970197519801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

Australia

USA

Finland

England

Germany

Poland

France

Japan

 Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Men, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2008 

600.0

700.0

800.0

Finland

300.0

400.0

500.0

Australia

USA

England

Germany

0.0

100.0

200.0

19191919191920202020202020

Germany

Poland

France

Japan

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 *

 Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

 Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database. 

 Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Women, Ages 35–74, in Selected Countries, 1970–2008 

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 * Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

 Source: WHO Mortality Database. 

 800

 700

 600

 500

 400

 300

 200

 100

 0 

 Finland

 Australia

 USA

 England

 Germany

Poland

 France

 Japan

 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

 Year 

 300

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0 

 Australia

 USA

 Finland

England

 Germany

Poland

 France

 Japan

 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

 Year 
 43 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 Percent Change in Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Sex, U.S.,

1999–2007

20

30

-10

0

10

-40

-30

-20

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

-50

 Percent Change 

 Cause of Death 

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke 

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2007

 30

 20

 10

 0

 -10

 -20

 -30

 -40

 -50 

 White Men

 Black Men

 White Women

 Black Women 

 Deaths/100,000 Live Births 200

100

150

Sids

RespD

0

50 Other 

Hyp

Pneu

 Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

 Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

 Other Neonatal

Respiratory Disorder

 Hypoxia

 Pneumonia 

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0 

 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

 Year 

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 
 44 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

Disorders relating

to short gestation

0 50 100 150 200

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Newborns affected by complications

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Newborns affected by maternal

complications of pregnancy

Deaths Under Age 1/100,000 Live Births

 Congenital

Anomalies of the 

CV System

5.5% 

 Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2007

 Percent Change

 Cause of Mortality 1997–2007 

 *

 Congenital CVD and congenital respiratory diseases accounted for 47.0 deaths under age 1 per 100,000 live births (black bar), which is 35 percent of infant 

deaths due to all congenital anomalies. ** From 1997 to 2007, congenital CVD declined 28 percent; congenital anomalies of the respiratory system declined 44 percent; other congenital anomalies 

increased 19 percent.

 NA: Not available.

 Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2007 

 Cause of Death 

 Deaths 

Under Age 1 

 All Causes 29,138 

 Cardiovascular Diseases 2,241 

 Congenital Anomalies 1,617 

 Other 624 

 Lung Diseases 5,022 

 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2,453 

 Respiratory Distress Syndrome 789 

 Pneumonia 209 

 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 201 

 Atelectasis of Newborn 366 

 Congenital Anomalies 410 

 Other Lung Diseases 594 

 Other Diseases 21,875 

 Other Diseases

75.1% 

Congenital Anomalies of 

the Respiratory System

 1.4% 

 Atelectasis and

Other Lung

 Diseases

 3.3% BPD

0.7% 

 RDS

2.7% 

 Pneumonia

0.7% 

 SIDS

8.4% 

 Other CVD

2.1% 

 CVD 7.7%

 Lung Diseases 17.2% Note: Diseases shown in bold are those addressed in Institute programs.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 -9**

 <1

 -30

 22

 48

 4

 NA

 -41

 16

 16 

Congenital Anomalies*

 Disorders Relating

to Short Gestation

 Sudden Infant 

Death Syndrome

 Newborns Affected by Maternal

Complications of Pregnancy

 Accidents and Adverse Effects

Newborns Affected by Complications 

of Placenta, Cord, and Membrane

 Bacterial Sepsis of Newborn

 Respiratory Distress Syndrome

 Neonatal Hemorrhage

 Necrotizing Enterocolitis 

0 50 100 150 200 

 Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births 
 45 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Including Asthma, in Men, Ages 35 and 

Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–200 8 

 *

 Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

 Source: WHO Mortality Database. 

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

 Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Including Asthma, in Women, Ages 35 and 

Older, in Selected Countries, 1980–2008 

 *

 Age adjusted to the European Standard Population.

 Source: WHO Mortality Database. 

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

19801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

France

Japan

Finland

 England

 Australia

 Poland

 Germany

 USA

 France

 Japan 

Finland

 Year 

 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

19801985199019952000200520062007200820092010

Year

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

 England

 Australia

 Poland

 Germany

 USA

 Finland

 France

 Japan 

 Year 

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

 180

 160

 140

 120

 100

 80

 60

 40

 20

 0 

 70

 60

 50

 40

 30

 20

 10

 0 
 46 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

5

6

0

1

2

3

4

199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007

3-Year Moving Average

Insomnia

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

123456789

10111213141516171819

Year

White**

Black**

Ame I

Hispanic

Asian

 Number of Visits (Millions) 

 Deaths/100,000 Population 

Male Female 

 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease* by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 

U.S., 1999–2007 

 * COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.” ** Non-Hispanic.

 Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

 Physician Offi ce Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1990–200 8 

 *

 Represents the average number of 3-year visits around the given year.

 Note: Primary and secondary diagnoses.

 Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS. 

 80

 70

 60

 50

 40

 30

 20

 10

 0 

 1999 2007 1999 2007 

 Year 

 White**

Black**

 American Indian 

Hispanic

 Asian 

 6

5

4

 3 2 1

 0 

 Insomnia

Sleep Apnea

 Narcolepsy 

 3-Year Moving Average* 

 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 
 47 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2008–2009

 Disease Number 

 Cardiovascular Diseases* 82,600,000 

 Hypertension** 76,400,000 

 Coronary Heart Disease 16,300,000 

 Heart Failure 5,700,000 

 Stroke 7,000,000 

 Congenital Heart Disease† 1,000,000 

 Asthma‡ 39,930,000 

 COPD§ 14,800,000 

 * Includes hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure for ages 20 years and older.

 ** Hypertension is defi ned as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication, or being told 

twice of having hypertension.

 † Range from 650,000 to 1,300,000 for ages 18 years and older (Am Heart J 2004;147:425–439).

‡

 24,567,000 still have asthma and of those, 12,600,000 have had an attack in the past 12 months, for all ages. 

§

 An estimated 14,800,000 diagnosed (2009) and 12,000,000 undiagnosed (2006), for ages 18 years and older. 

Sources: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008, NCHS and National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2009, NCHS.

 Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008 

 Percent 

 * Hypertension, CHD, stroke, or heart failure. Hypertension is defi ned as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg,

or being on antihypertensive medication.

 Source: NHANES, 2005–2008, NCHS. 

0

20

40

60

80

100

20–39 40–59 60–79 80

Age (Years)

Male

Female

 100

 80

 60

 40

 20

 0 

 20–39 40–59 60–79 ≥ 80 

 Age (Years) 

 Male

 Female 
 48 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

CHD

COPD

Asthma

Hypertension

Asthma

Hypertension

Stroke

Heart Failure

COPD

Asthma

CHD

Hypertension 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Asthma

Heart Failure

Stroke

COPD

CHD

Hypertension

 Percent of Population 

 Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2008–2009 

 Sources: NHIS and NHANES, NCHS. 

 Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2009 

 Notes: Hypertension is defi ned as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication. High 

cholesterol is ≥240 mg/dL. Overweight is BMI ≥25 kg/m3. Data were collected at six time periods: 1960–1961 (plotted at 1961), 1971–1974 (plotted at 1972), 

1976–1980 (plotted at 1978), 1988–1994 (plotted at 1991), 1999–2004 (plotted at 2004), and 2005–2008 (plotted at 2008).

 Sources: NHIS for smoking, ages ≥18, NCHS; NHANES for the other risk factors, ages 20–74, NCHS. 

80

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

6061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697989900010203040506070809

10

Overweight

Smoking

Hypertension

High Cholesterol

 80

 70

 60

 50

 40

 30

 20

 10

 0 

 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

 Year 

 Overweight

Smoking

Hypertension 

 High Cholesterol 

<18 Years 

18–44 Years 

45–64 Years 

>65 Years 

 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 

 Percent 

 Asthma

 Hypertension

 Asthma

 COPD

 CHD

 Hypertension

 CHD

 Asthma

 COPD

 Stroke

 Heart Failure

 Hypertension

 CHD

 Stroke 

COPD

 Heart Failure

 Asthma 

 Disease 
 49 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Awareness Treatment Control

1976–1980

1988–1991

1991–1994

1999–2004

2005-2008

 Hypertensive* Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Ages 18 and Older, U.S., 1976–1980 to 

2005–2008 

 *

 Hypertension is defi ned as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication.

 Source: NHANES, NCHS. 

 Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex, U.S., 2005–2008 

 *

 Hypertension is systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or being on antihypertensive medication. ** Non-Hispanic.

 Source: NHANES, NCHS. 

40–59

18–39

Percent of Population

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

Mexi

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

Percent of Population

 Age (Years) 

 Men Women 

 White**

 Black** 

 Mexican-American 

 18–39

 40–59 

 60+ 

100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 

 Percent of Population 

 1976–1980

 1988–1991

 1991–1994

 1999–2004

 2005–2008 

 Awareness Treatment Control 

 90

 80

 70

 60

 50

 40

 30

 20

 10

 0 

 Percent of Population With Hypertension 
 50 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

6.00

7.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

<15 Years

15–34 Years

35 Years

 Hospitalization Rates for Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 and 65 and Older, U.S., 1971–2007 

 Persons Experiencing Asthma Episodes in Previous 12 Months by Age, U.S., 1997–2009 

 Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS. 

 Source: NHIS, NCHS. 

 Hospitalizations/10,000 Population 

 Percent 

200

250

100

150

0

50

1919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919192020202020202020202020

Ages 65 ...

Ages 45–...

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0 

 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 

 Year 

 Ages ≥65 Years

 Ages 45–64 Years 

 Ages <15 Years

 Ages 15–34 Years

 Ages ≥35 Years 

 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 0 

 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 

 Year 
 51 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

Injury and Poisoning

Neoplasms

Cardiovascular Diseases

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

Diseases of Genitourinary System

Mental Disorders

Diseases of Nervous System

Diseases of Musculoskeletal System

Diseases of Digestive System

Diseases of Respiratory System

Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases

Injury and Poisoning

Direct Cost

Mortality Cost

Cardiovascular Diseases 

Neoplasms

Injury and Poisoning

 Endocrine, Nutritional, and 

Metabolic Diseases

Diseases of Respiratory System

 Diseases of Digestive System

 Diseases of 

Musculoskeletal System

 Diseases of Nervous System

 Mental Disorders

Diseases of 

Genitourinary System

Infectious and 

Parasitic Diseases 

Economic Cost Estimates

The economic cost estimates presented on pages 51 

and 52 are not comparable to those in the FY 2009 Fact 

Book due to the following changes:

• The estimates of direct costs in the table on page 52 

are obtained from the Medical Expenditure Panel 

Survey (MEPS) of the Agency for Healthcare 

Research and Quality (AHRQ) Web site. They 

replace estimates for previous years that were based 

on recent projections of total healthcare expenditures from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid 

Services (CMS) for which the breakdown into the 

major diagnostic groups was based entirely on an 

increasingly out-of-date cost analysis for 1995. 

• For analogous reasons, the estimates of indirect 

morbidity costs are being discontinued starting with 

the FY 2010 Fact Book.

• All estimates in the table on page 50 are for 2007. 

Direct and indirect costs are no longer projected to 

the current year.

 MEPS estimates offer the following advantages:

• The estimates are based on a nationally representative, person-level survey that links health care costs 

directly to patient care events and specifi c medical 

conditions. 

• They are readily available on the Web, updated 

annually, and available with demographic breakdowns and standard errors.

• They are used extensively in scientifi c publications 

and reports. 

MEPS estimates also have some disadvantages:

• They are based on the noninstitutionalized population (i.e., cost data pertaining to nursing homes are 

not included in the estimates). 

• The scope of costs used to make the estimates is 

narrower than those within the CMS projections.

• The estimates are based on household reports that 

are subject to underreporting and misreporting.

Total Economic Costs of the Leading Diagnostic Groups, U.S., 2007

Cost (Dollars in Billions)

Direct Cost

Mortality Cost

 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 

Diagnostic Group
 52 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 4. Disease Statistics 

 Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2007

 Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution 

 Direct 

Costs* 

 Indirect 

Costs of 

Mortality** Total 

 Direct 

Costs 

 Indirect 

Costs of 

Mortality Total 

 Cardiovascular Disease $167.4 $119.2 $286.6 14.8% 20.0% 16.6%

COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia 66.0 19.0 85.0 5.8 3.2 4.9

 Blood Diseases 7.0 3.0 10.0 0.6 0.5 0.6

 Subtotal 240.4 141.2 381.6 21.3 23.7 22.1

Neoplasms 103.8 123.0 226.8 9.2 20.7 13.1

Injury and Poisoning 85.6 105.7 191.3 7.6 17.8 11.1

Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases 94.3 22.5 116.8 8.3 3.8 6.8

Diseases of the Digestive System 74.9 28.1 103.0 6.6 4.7 6.0

Diseases of the Respiratory System† 77.8 25.5 103.3 6.9 4.3 6.0

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System 99.2 3.1 102.3 8.8 0.5 5.9

Diseases of the Nervous System 72.5 14.5 87.0 6.4 2.4 5.0

Mental Disorders 61.3 8.4 69.7 5.4 1.4 4.0

Diseases of the Genitourinary System 53.6 7.7 61.3 4.7 1.3 3.6

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 15.9 25.2 41.1 1.4 4.2 2.4

Normal Live Birth 33.4 0.0 33.4 3.0 0.0 1.9

Diseases of the Skin 22.3 0.7 23.0 2.0 0.1 1.3

Other and Not Linked to Specifi c Condition 161.0 108.3 269.3 14.2 18.2 15.6

 Total $1,130.0 $594.9 $1,724.9 100% 100% 100%

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and professional services care, prescribed medications, and home care reported by the MEPS, 

AHRQ, by diagnosis, excluding nursing home care costs and costs due to comorbidities. ** The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2007 by multiplying the number of deaths by age, sex, and cause of death in 2007 by the 2005 

present value of lifetime earnings (latest available) discounted at 3 percent and projected to 2007 based on a 2005 to 2007 infl ation factor measured from mean 

earnings reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. 

† Includes costs for COPD, asthma, and pneumonia. 

Note: Estimates are not available for total lung diseases and blood clotting disorders. 

Source: Prepared by NHLBI from direct costs on the MEPS Web site; numbers of deaths from NCHS; present value of lifetime earnings from the Institute for 

Health and Aging, University of California; and mean earnings from the U.S. Census Bureau. 
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2010

More than two-thirds of the research supported 

by the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; the remainder is initiated by the Institute. 

Institute-initiated programs are developed in 

response to evolving national needs, Congressional 

mandates, and advances in scientific knowledge. 

Each initiative represents the outcome of extensive 

discussions and thorough reviews by representatives 

of the scientific community, Institute advisory committees, the Board of Extramural Experts (BEE), 

and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory 

Council (NHLBAC). The advisory committees and 

the BEE, together with professional societies and 

NHLBI staff, continually review the progress of 

research within the NHLBI program areas, assess 

newly acquired knowledge, and identify research 

topics that offer the best opportunities or constitute 

the greatest needs. This planning process contributes to policy development at the national level by 

setting priorities among programs and establishing 

budgets for individual programs and projects. 

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) 

for contracts. Other initiatives take the form of 

Program Announcements (PAs). Applications and 

proposals submitted in response to RFAs and RFPs 

compete among themselves for specific “set-aside” 

funds. Applications submitted in response to PAs 

generally compete with other investigator-initiated 

applications for funding. 

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the 

Institute are presented to the BEE, which reviews 

and prioritizes them. The concepts, along with the 

comments from the BEE, are then sent to the 

NHLBAC for review, comment, and concurrence. 

Initiatives that receive the concurrence of the 

NHLBAC are considered further by the NHLBI 

Director in the context of the Institute’s budget, program priorities, review workload, and proposed 

mechanisms. These considerations guide the 

Director’s subsequent decisions to approve initiatives for release. RFAs, RFPs, and PAs are 

announced in the NIH Guide to Grants and 

Contracts. 

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by the NHLBI. 

Applications submitted in response to PAs are 

reviewed by the NIH Center for Scientific Review. 

Descriptions of the Institute-initiated programs 

that began or were renewed (i.e., were funded) in 

FY 2010 are presented below according to NHLBI 

scientific programs. Also described are trans-NIH, 

trans-PHS, and interagency initiatives in which the 

NHLBI participates.

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Initiatives Being Renewed

NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology

The purpose of this renewal is to develop nanotechnology-based tools for diagnosing and treating 

heart, lung, and blood diseases. 

Proteomics Initiative

The purpose of this renewal is to develop and 

enhance proteomic technologies to achieve a greater 

understanding of physiological pathways, molecular 

interactions, and regulatory signals that are associated 

with heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

New Initiatives

Cardiac Translational Research Implementation 

Program 

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct Stage 1 

exploratory studies to determine the efficacy and 

safety of promising new therapeutic interventions 

derived from fundamental research discoveries for 

treating and preventing heart failure or arrhythmias.

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Arterial 

Stiffening and Its Relationship to the Development 

of Hypertension

The purpose of this RFA is to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying large conduit artery stiffening and to determine the temporal 

relationship between arterial stiffening and the 

development of hypertension in animal models.
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct cardiovascular 

outcomes and comparative effectiveness research that 

focuses on patient- and clinician-relevant outcomes of 

health care and their determinants. 

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates 

The purpose of this RFP is to complete preclinical 

testing of investigational mechanical circulatory support 

devices (MCSDs) and to conduct clinical studies of the 

devices in infants and young children with congenital 

and acquired CVD who experience cardiopulmonary 

failure and circulatory collapse.

 Role of Cardiomyocyte in Heart Disease: An 

Integrated Approach

The purpose of this RFA is to develop an integrated 

understanding of cardiomyocyte mitochondria and their 

contributions to myocardial adaptations and heart disease progression by combining functional data with 

information derived from advanced technologies.

Systems Biology Collaborations

The purpose of this PA with review is to promote the 

use of collaborative teams of investigators to develop a 

coordinated systems biology approach to understand 

normal physiology and perturbations associated with 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Lung Diseases Program

New Initiatives 

Functional Modeling of Pediatric Upper Airway 

Disorders 

The purpose of this RFA is to determine the biological and structural components that limit airflow in congenital or acquired disorders of the pediatric upper 

airway. Scientists seek to develop innovative 

approaches that will identify targets for intervention to 

correct obstruction of airflow through the upper airway. 

Lung Transplantation: Planning Grants for Clinical 

Trials of Novel Therapies

The purpose of this RFA is to develop preclinical trials 

to test important new strategies to enhance the quality of 

lungs available for transplant and improve management 

and long-term outcomes of lung transplant recipients.

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II 

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct Phase II clinical trials of innovative agents for lung diseases and sleep 

disorders.

Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program

The purpose of this RFA is to examine molecular mechanisms that contribute to acute and chronic respiratory morbidity in premature infants. The well-phenotyped 

populations developed in this program will significantly 

increase the chance of studying groups with common 

pathophysiology and lay the groundwork for biomarker 

discovery. 

Systems Biology Approach to the Mechanisms of TB 

Latency and Reactivation

The purpose of this RFA is to apply a collaborative 

systems biology approach to study mechanisms of 

latency and reactivation of TB in host lung cells. The 

goal is to develop better TB drugs, more effective vaccines, and better diagnostics.

Trans-NHLBI

Initiatives Being Renewed

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies 

The purpose of this renewal is to advance cellular 

therapy research in the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues, organs, and biologic systems and targeted 

treatments for severe diseases that are currently lacking 

effective therapies. 

Directed Stem Cell Differentiation for Cell-Based 

Therapies for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases

The purpose of this renewal is to identify factors that 

control differentiation of stem cells in vitro or in vivo. 

The goal is to develop methods that direct differentiation 

of stem cells to yield replacement cells for clinical use 

or stimulate differentiation of resident stem cells in vivo 

for regeneration or repair of the heart, blood vessels, 

lungs, and blood.

Mentored Career Award for Faculty at Minority 

Serving Institutions

The purpose of this renewal is to support eligible faculty members at minority-serving institutions to undertake specialized study and supervised research under a 

mentor who is an accomplished investigator in the area 

proposed and has experience in developing independent 

investigators. 
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Mentored Career Development Award To Promote 

Faculty Diversity/Re-Entry in Biomedical Research

The purpose of this renewal is to increase the number of 

highly trained investigators who are from diverse backgrounds or who have experienced an interruption in their 

research career and whose basic and clinical research 

interests involve advanced methods and experimental 

approaches that are needed to solve problems related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program

The purpose of this renewal is to support training of 

predoctoral and health professional students and individuals in postdoctoral training at minority-serving institutions in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders research.

Programs To Increase Diversity Among Individuals 

Engaged in Health-Related Research

The purpose of this renewal is to establish summer 

institutes for junior faculty and scientists from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups and those with disabilities to augment their research skills and knowledge, 

which in turn will enhance their career development as 

faculty members or scientists. 

Short-Term Research Education Program To Increase 

Diversity in Health-Related Research

The purpose of this renewal is to promote diversity in 

undergraduate and health professional student populations by providing short-term research education support 

to stimulate career development in cardiovascular, lung, 

and blood diseases and sleep disorders research.

New Initiative

Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Through 

Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea 

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct preliminary 

studies to obtain information to guide the design of a 

Phase III clinical trial on the efficacy of positive airway 

pressure (PAP) treatment of obstructive sleep apnea as a 

means to reduce cardiovascular events. The goals are to 

determine the feasibility of long-term (12 to 18 months) 

PAP treatment in patients at risk of CVD and to determine the effects of PAP on surrogate or intermediate 

markers of cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk 

factors. 

Trans-NIH

Initiatives Being Renewed

Exploratory/Developmental Clinical Research Grants 

in Obesity

The purpose of this renewal is to encourage exploratory/developmental clinical research that will accelerate the development of effective interventions for 

preventing or treating overweight or obesity in adults 

and children. 

Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment

The purpose of this renewal is to improve diet and 

physical activity measurement through the development 

of innovative assessment approaches, improved data 

collection instruments, new technologies, or statistical 

and analytical techniques.

National Registry of Genetically Triggered Thoracic 

Aortic Aneurysms and Other Cardiovascular 

Conditions

The purpose of this renewal is to increase the value 

and effectiveness of the NHLBI-supported national registry that was established to advance the clinical management of genetic thoracic aortic aneurysms and other 

cardiovascular complications that are associated with 

connective tissue diseases.

National Research Service Awards for Senior Fellows

The purpose of this renewal is to enable experienced 

scientists who have at least 7 years of research experience beyond the doctorate and who have progressed to 

the stage of independent investigator to make major 

changes in the direction of their research career or 

broaden their scientific background. The program will 

support 2 years of full-time training for senior fellows at 

the NIH or at other institutions.

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (Limited 

Competition)

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

collecting data that will enable scientists to understand 

more fully the effect of HIV on sexual maturation, 

pubertal development, and socialization of perinatally 

HIV-infected preadolescents and adolescents and to 

determine the long-term safety of fetal and infant exposure to prophylactic antiretroviral agents.
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

Pharmacogenomics Research Network

The purpose of this renewal is to identify genes, pathways, and systems that produce interindividual differences in drug responses and establish the mechanistic 

basis for them.

Stem Cell Research: Career Enhancement Award

The purpose of this renewal is to provide investigators with the opportunity to acquire research capabilities 

in the use of human or animal embryonic, adult, or cord 

blood stem cells.

New Initiatives

Application of Metabolomics for Translational and 

Biological Research

The purpose of this PA is to apply metabolomic technologies for translational research in health and disease 

to enable and improve disease detection, diagnosis, and 

risk assessment and the prognosis and prediction of therapeutic responses.

Bariatric Surgery: Pilot Studies for Studying 

Mechanisms of Improvement on Cardiovascular, 

Lung, and Sleep Diseases 

The purpose of this RFA is to determine the optimal 

research design for a randomized clinical trial of the 

effects of bariatric surgery on patients with cardiovascular or lung diseases or sleep disorders. 

Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities

The purpose of this RFA is to promote transdisciplinary research in health disparities to improve health 

outcomes and quality of life for populations at high risk 

for CVD. Focus is on understanding the pathways that 

result in disparate health outcomes and developing comprehensive models of the effect of various social, economic, cultural, environmental, biological, behavioral, 

physiological, and genetic factors on individual health 

outcomes and their distribution in populations.

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research 

The purpose of this RFA is to evaluate the efficacy of 

innovative interventions to prevent excess weight gain 

in normal weight children ages 1–10 years, prevent 

additional weight gain in obese youth ages 11–18 years, 

and facilitate weight loss in obese youth ages 11–18 

years.

Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation in 

Hospitalized Patients 

The purpose of this RFA is to evaluate the translation of 

successful smoking cessation strategies, begun during hospitalization and continued post-discharge, into effective 

programs that can be widely used in routine clinical practice and assess the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. 

Health Behaviors in School-Age Children—A 

Longitudinal Study

The purposes of this intra-agency agreement are to 

increase the understanding of adolescent health behaviors and lifestyle (i.e., influences of diets, physical activity, and obesity on cardiovascular health) and to use the 

information to develop effective preventive programs.

Nutrition and Physical Activity Research To Promote 

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Health

The purpose of this PA is to study the role of nutrition 

and physical activity in the development, prevention, 

and management of CVD and pulmonary diseases, such 

as asthma and COPD. Research findings will be used to 

refine public health recommendations and clinical guidelines regarding lifestyle behaviors and to develop and 

test strategies that will improve adoption of the 

recommendations.

Physical Activity To Prevent Disability Trial

The purpose of this RFA is to compare the long-term 

effectiveness and practicality of two interventions, a 

physical activity program and a successful aging health 

education program, to prevent or delay the declining 

ability of older adults to walk.

Safe and Effective Instruments and Devices for Use in 

the Neonatal Intensive Care Units

The purpose of this SBIR/STTR is to develop or improve 

safe and effective devices and instruments for monitoring and treating infants in neonatal intensive care units. 

Trans-PHS

Initiatives Being Renewed

Individual Predoctoral Fellowships To Promote 

Diversity in Health-Related Research

The purpose of this renewal is to increase the diversity 

of the health-related research workforce by supporting the 

training of predoctoral students from groups that have 

been shown to be underrepresented (e.g., individuals from 

underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, individuals 
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

with disabilities, and individuals from disadvantaged 

backgrounds).

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory 

Support

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

a national registry of patients receiving an MCSD to 

treat advanced heart failure. 

National Longitudinal Mortality Study 

The purpose of this renewal is to develop a database 

to study the effects of demographic and socioeconomic 

differentials on mortality rates in the United States. 

Interagency

Initiative Being Renewed

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

clinical trials that focus on early field delivery of lifesaving interventions by emergency medical service teams to 

optimize patient survival. 

New Initiative

Community-Based Partnerships for Childhood Obesity 

Prevention and Control Research

The purpose of this PA is to stimulate childhood obesity research through community-based partnerships that 

include local, state, and regional teams of researchers, 

policymakers, and other relevant stakeholders—such as 

community representatives, public health practitioners, 

and educators. 

Private–Public Partnership

New Initiatives

Studying Community Programs To Reduce Childhood 

Obesity

The purpose of this RFP is to examine outcomes 

associated with existing community programs designed 

to reduce childhood obesity by improving the diet and 

physical activity behaviors of children.

Randomized Evaluation of VAD Intervention Before 

Inotropic Therapy Feasibility Trial

The purpose of this RFP is to explore the potential 

benefit of mechanical circulatory support therapy using 

ventricular assist devices (VADs) in functionally 

impaired advanced heart failure patients who have not 

yet developed serious consequences from their disease. 

The feasibility study will permit the design of a trial 

directed at a large and growing patient population for 

whom VADs could offer substantial benefit before the 

need for inotropic intravenous drug therapy. 

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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

Structure

Chair: Susan B. Shurin, M.D., Acting Director, 

NHLBI

Executive Secretary: Stephen C. Mockrin, 

Ph.D., Director, Division of Extramural Research 

Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, 

Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0260 

The Secretary of HHS appoints 18 members: 

12 members are leading representatives of the health 

and scientific disciplines (including public health 

and behavioral or social sciences), and 6 are from 

the general public and are leaders in the fields of 

public policy, law, health policy, economics, and 

management. 

Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years. 

The Council includes the following ex officio 

members: 

•	 Secretary, HHS

•	 Director, NIH

•	 Director, NHLBI

•	 Chief Medical Director, Veterans Affairs, or

Designee 

•	 Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health

Affairs, or Designee

•	 Designee, Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention 

Functions

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training 

grants in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases; sleep disorders; and blood resources, and 

recommends scientific projects that merit support to 

the Director, NHLBI. 

The Council advises the Secretary, HHS; the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS; and the 

Directors, NIH and NHLBI on matters relating 

to causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of 

diseases and resources within the purview of the 

Institute. The Council also may review any grant, 

contract, or cooperative agreement proposed to be 

made or entered into by the Institute; may make 

recommendations to the Director of the Institute 

respecting research conducted at the Institute; may 

collect, by correspondence or by personal investigation, information as to studies that are being carried 

on in the United States or any other country with 

respect to the cause, prevention, diagnosis, and 

treatment of heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases, and to the use of blood and blood products and the management of blood resources and, 

with the approval of the Director of the Institute, 

make available such information through appropriate publications for the benefit of public and private 

health entities and health professions personnel and 

scientists and for the information of the general 

public; and may assemble ad hoc working groups, 

appoint subcommittees, and convene workshops and 

conferences.

The Council may also make recommendations 

to the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 231 of the Public Health Service Act, 

as amended. 

Meetings 

The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda. 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Susan B. Shurin, M.D. 

Chair 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Jeanine Arden Ornt, J.D. (2010)

Case Western Reserve University

C. Noel Bairey Merz, M.D. (2011)

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Ingrid B. Borecki, Ph.D. (2012)

Washington University in St. Louis

Barry S. Coller, M.D. (2012)

The Rockefeller University

Shaun R. Coughlin, M.D., Ph.D. (2010)

University of California, San Francisco

Jack A. Elias, M.D. (2012)

Yale University School of Medicine

Joe G. N. Garcia, M.D. (2010)

University of Chicago

Gary H. Gibbons, M.D. (2013)

Morehouse School of Medicine

Beverly W. Hogan (2012)

Tougaloo College

Lanetta B. Jordan, M.D. (2013)

Memorial Healthcare System

Talmadge E. King, M.D. (2013)

University of California, San Francisco

Andrew R. Marks, M.D. (2011)

Columbia University

Michael S. Parmacek, M.D. (2012)

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Paula Y. Polite (2010)

Division of General Services, Memphis

Marlene Rabinovitch, M.D. (2011)

Stanford University

Steven D. Shapiro, M.D. (2010)

University of Pittsburgh

Leslee J. Shaw, Ph.D. (2013)

Emory University

Ex Officio Members

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Robert L. Jesse, M.D., Ph.D.

McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Cdr. Richard T. Mahon, M.D.

Naval Medical Research Center

Kathleen Sebelius, M.P.A.

Department of Health and Human Services

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership* 

* Current as of October 2010. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBI Advisory Council and Committees, can be obtained 

from the Internet at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm.
61

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee 

Chair: Edward J. Benz, M.D., Dana-Farber Cancer 

Institute

Executive Secretary: W. Keith Hoots, M.D., 

Director, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0080 

The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HHS and the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

DBDR on matters related to the Sickle Cell Disease 

Program and makes recommendations concerning planning, execution, and evaluation of all aspects of the 

program. 

Membership* 

Thomas D. Coates, M.D. (2013)

University of Southern California

Elaine K. Gallin, Ph.D. (2012)

Doris Duke Charitable Foundation

Nigel S. Key, M.D. (2013)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Roberto F. Machado, M.D. (2012)

University of Illinois, Chicago

Punam Malik, M.D. (2012)

Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Leslie V. Parise, Ph.D. (2012)

University of North Carolina

Susan P. Perrine, M.D. (2011)

Boston University

Yogen Saunthararajah, M.D. (2011)

Cleveland Clinic

Wally R. Smith, M.D. (2011)

Virginia Commonwealth University

Alexis A. Thompson, M.D. (2011)

Northwestern University

Ex Officio Members 

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

William Hannon, Ph.D.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Marie Y. Mann, M.D. 

Health Resources and Services Administration

David E. McCune, M.D.

Madigan Army Medical Center

Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

Chair: Charles A. Czeisler, M.D., Ph.D., Harvard 

Medical School 

Executive Secretary: Michael J. Twery, Ph.D., 

Director, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0202

The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board 

advises the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

NCSDR on matters related to the scientific activities carried out by and through the Center and policies 

regarding such activities, including the identification of 

research priorities for coordination of sleep and sleep 

disorders research by the NIH and other Federal, professional, and voluntary organizations. 

Membership* 

Rose A. Austin (2011)

SSM Healthcare

Mercedes R. Carnethon, Ph.D. (2013)

Northwestern University

Ronald D. Chervin, M.D. (2012)

University of Michigan

* Current as of October 2010.

Program Advisory and Review Committee 
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Karen M. Cushing (2011)

American Insomnia Association

Leszek K. Kubin, Ph.D. (2014)

University of Pennsylvania

Sairam Parthasarathy, M.D. (2014)

University of Arizona

R. Daniel Rudic, Ph.D. (2012)

Medical College of Georgia

Catherine Vena, Ph.D., R.N. (2013)

Emory University

Michael V. Vitiello, Ph.D. (2012)

University of Washington

Gagandeep Walia (2013)

Visa, Inc.

Robert H. Waterman (2011)

The Waterman Group

Ex Officio Members 

Thomas J. Balkin, Ph.D.

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.

National Institutes of Health

Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Administration, North Texas Medical Center

Miroslav Mackiewicz, Ph.D.

NIA, National Institutes of Health

Merrill M. Mitler, Ph.D.

NINDS, National Institutes of Health

Andrea L. Piani

U.S. Census Bureau

Michael J. Twery, Ph.D.

NCSDR, National Institutes of Health

Marian Willinger, Ph.D.

NICHD, National Institutes of Health

Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. Hurst, Ph.D., 

Health Science Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Initial Review Group 

provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC 

and the Director, NHLBI. This group consists of three 

subcommittees: the Heart, Lung, and Blood Program 

Project Review Committee; the Clinical Trials Review 

Committee; and the NHLBI Institutional Training 

Mechanism Review Committee. 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee 

Chair: Curt D. Sigmund, Ph.D., University of Iowa

Scientific Review Officer: Jeffery H. Hurst, Ph.D., 

Health Scientist Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303 

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for 

the NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI on program 

project applications proposing research in the areas of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and resources. 

Membership* 

David Atkinson, Ph.D. (2012)

Boston University School of Medicine

Karen E. Bornfeldt, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Washington

Peter M. Buttrick, M.D. (2014)

University of Colorado

Catherine C. Hedrick, Ph.D. (2011)

La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology

Thomas H. Hintze, Ph.D. (2014)

New York Medical College

Jay K. Kolls, M.D. (2014)

LSU Health Sciences Center

* Current as of October 2010.
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Monica Kraft, M.D. (2014)

Duke University Medical Center

Lucy Liaw, Ph.D. (2014)

Maine Medical Center Research Institute

Nigel Mackman, Ph.D. (2013)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Catherine S. Manno, M.D. (2013)

New York University School of Medicine

Fernando D. Martinez, M.D. (2013)

University of Arizona

Christine S. Moravec, Ph.D. (2012)

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

David J. Pinsky, M.D. (2012)

University of Michigan

Nanduri R. Prabhakar, Ph.D., D.Sc. (2012)

University of Chicago

Frank C. Sciurba, M.D. (2013)

University of Pittsburgh

Nancy Speck, Ph.D. (2013)

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Arun Srivastava, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Florida

Clinical Trials Review Committee 

Chair: Julio A. Panza, M.D., Washington Hospital 

Center

Scientific Review Officer: Keary A. Cope, Ph.D., 

Health Science Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–2222 

The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial technical merit review for the NHLBAC and the 

Director of the NHLBI on clinical trial applications for 

the support of studies to evaluate preventive or therapeutic measures of blood, cardiovascular, or lung diseases. 

Membership* 

Roberta A. Ballard, M.D. (2014)

University of California, San Francisco

Bruce A. Barton, Ph.D. (2014)

University of Massachusetts Medical School

Carlos Arturo Camargo, M.D., Dr.P.H. (2012)

Massachusetts General Hospital

Jeffrey L. Carson, M.D. (2014)

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Mina K. Chung, M.D. (2014)

Case Western Reserve University

Gerard J. Criner, M.D. (2014)

Temple University School of Medicine

Scott S. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D. (2011)

University of Washington

Kenneth E. Freedland, Ph.D. (2011)

Washington University School of Medicine

Wendy J. Mack, Ph.D. (2011)

University of Southern California

Karen L. Margolis, M.D. (2012)

Health Partners Research Foundation

Lori J. Mosca, M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

Columbia University Medical Center

Steven Piantadosi, M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Arshed A. Quyyumi, M.D. (2013)

Emory University School of Medicine

Margaret M. Redfield, M.D. (2013)

Mayo Clinic

Madeline Murguia Rice, Ph.D. (2013)

The George Washington University

Amy Dana Shapiro, M.D. (2012)

Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Inc.

* Current as of October 2010.
64

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

Stanley J. Szefler, M.D. (2012)

National Jewish Health Medical & Research Center

NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee

Chair: William C. Balke, M.D., University of 

California, San Francisco

Scientific Review Officer: Charles Joyce, Ph.D., 

Health Science Administrator, Division of Extramural 

Research Activities, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0291

The NHLBI Institutional Training Mechanism 

Review Committee provides initial technical merit 

review for the NHLBAC and the Director of the NHLBI 

on training applications that provide predoctoral, postdoctoral, and short-term research training at academic 

institutions.

Membership*

Janis L. Abkowitz, M.D. (2013)

University of Washington Medical Center

Ifeanyi J. Arinze, Ph.D. (2012)

Meharry Medical College

Meredith Bond, Ph.D. (2013)

University of Maryland School of Medicine

Linda J. Burns, M.D. (2011)

University of Minnesota

David M. Center, M.D. (2011)

Boston University Medical Campus

Gerardo Heiss, M.D., Ph.D. (2014)

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Gary W. Hunninghake, M.D. (2013)

University of Iowa

Kirk U. Knowlton, M.D. (2013)

University of California, San Diego

Alice H. Lichtenstein, D.Sc. (2013)

Tufts University

* Current as of October 2010.

Russell V. Luepker, M.D. (2012)

University of Minnesota

Jonathan C. Makielski, M.D. (2012)

University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics

Josef T. Prchal, M.D. (2012)

University of Utah

Robin Shandas, Ph.D. (2012)

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Brian Smith, M.D. (2011)

Yale University School of Medicine

Mary I. Townsley, Ph.D. (2012)

University of South Alabama

Donna H. Wang, M.D. (2011)

Michigan State University

Scott T. Weiss, M.D. (2011)

Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Reen Wu, Ph.D. (2011)

University of California at Davis

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel 

The Institute has established the NHLBI Special 

Emphasis Panel (SEP) to carry out initial peer review of 

applications and proposals that were previously handled 

by ad hoc committees. Concept review, previously 

handled by divisional program advisory committees, has 

also been incorporated into the SEP system. The SEP, 

which has neither a fixed membership nor a set meeting 

schedule, is constituted to provide required peer review 

expertise at precisely the time that it is needed. 

Board of Scientific Counselors 

Chair: Vacant

Executive Secretary: Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D., 

Director, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–496–2116 
65

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees 

The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the 

Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural 

Research, NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the 

Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the 

intramural research programs of the NHLBI. 

Membership* 

Stephen Black, Ph.D. (2011)

Medical College of Georgia

Kenneth R. Chien, M.D., Ph.D. (2012)

Massachusetts General Hospital

Michael I. Kotlikoff, V.M.D., Ph.D. (2013)

Cornell University

Aldons Jake Lusis, Ph.D. (2013)

University of California, Los Angeles

David J. Sahn, M.D. (2014)

Oregon Health and Science University

Douglas C. Wallace, Ph.D. (2014)

University of California, Irvine

* Current as of October 2010.

67

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget 

Category

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program

Research 

Management 

Support 

3.8%

Cardiovascular 

Sciences 

57.2%

Cardiovascular 

Sciences 

63.4%

Lung 

Diseases 

22.6%

Blood 

Diseases 

and Resources 

14.0%

7. Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars* 

(Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget

Research Project Grants** $2,108,524 68.2%

SCCOR and NIH Centers 57,278 1.9

Sickle Cell Centers 2,300 0.1

Centers for AIDS Research 3,368 0.3

Other Research Centers Grants 9,620 0.1

Other Research Grants 129,244 4.2

Research Careers Programs† 81,544 2.6

Training Programs 97,963 3.2

Research and Development Contracts 379,892 12.3

Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 186,249 6.0

Research Management and Support‡ 119,063 3.8

Total Obligations $3,093,501 100.0%

* Excludes funds provided by other Agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement. ** Includes $75,919 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants/Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Grants.

† Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

‡ Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts. 

For detailed data on FY 2010:

•	 Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11.

•	 Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11.

•	 Research training and career development, see Chapter 13.

•	 Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14.

Lung 

Diseases 

20.4%

Blood 

Diseases 

and Resources 

12.6%

Intramural 

Laboratory and 

Clinical Research 

6.0%
68

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2010

Program Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of NHLBI Extramural Budget

Cardiovascular Sciences $1,769,079 63.4%

Lung Diseases 629,938 22.6

Blood Diseases and Resources 389,172 14.0

Total, Extramural Obligations $2,788,189 100%

NHLBI Cardiovascular Sciences Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010

Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget

Research Project Grants $1,320,126 74.6%

SCCOR and NIH Centers 22,371 1.3

Other Research Centers Grants 9,365 0.5

Other Research Grants 58,283 3.3

Research Career Programs* 37,214 2.1

Training Programs 56,751 3.2

Research and Development Contracts 302,183 17.1

Total, Cardiovascular Sciences $1,769,079 100%

 NHLBI Lung Diseases Program 

 Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010

Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget

Research Project Grants $478,414 75.9%

SCCORs 26,336 4.2

Other Research Centers Grants 256 0.0

Other Research Grants 52,242 8.3

Research Career Programs* 29,109 4.6

Training Programs 25,131 4.0

Research and Development Contracts 47,559 7.5

Total, Lung Diseases $629,938 100%

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010

Funding Mechanism Obligated Dollars (Thousands) Percent of Program Budget

Research Project Grants $309,984 79.7%

SCCOR 8,570 2.2

Sickle Cell Centers 2,300 0.6

Centers for AIDS Research 3,368 0.9

Other Research Grants 18,719 4.8

Research Career Programs* 15,221 3.9

Training Programs 16,081 4.1

Research and Development Contracts 30,150 7.7

Total, Blood Diseases and Resources $389,172 100%

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.
69

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

8. Long-Term Trends

A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976.

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2010

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1950 $ 34,630 $ 11,575 $ 29,117 $ 16,075 $ 15,768 $ 15,768

1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265

1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115

1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513

1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465

1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060

1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898

1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290

1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263

1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731

1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296

1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535

1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384

1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981

1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532

1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944

1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115

1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457

1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591

1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425

1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858

1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684

1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261

1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983

1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253

1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206

1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854

TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493

1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350

1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318

1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398

1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646

1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718

1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518

1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778

1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842

1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652

1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553

1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535

1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818

1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326

1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009
70

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2010 (Continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate 

to Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924

1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994

1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687

1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539

1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508

1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930

1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751

1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027

1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697F 1,788,008 25,568,035

2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291F 2,027,286 27,595,321

2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,105 2,299,866H 2,298,035 29,893,356

2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125I 2,569,794 32,463,150

2003 2,791,411 2,812,011 2,818,684 2,812,011J 2,793,681 35,256,831

2004 2,867,995 2,867,995 2,897,595 2,882,715K 2,882,601 38,139,432

2005 2,963,953 2,963,953 2,985,900 2,965,453 2,922,573L 41,062,005

2006 2,951,270 2,951,270 3,023,381 2,951,270J 2,893,527 43,955,532

2007 2,901,012 2,901,012 2,924,299 2,921,757 2,922,322L 46,877,854

2008 2,894,341 2,965,775 2,992,197 2,974,900E 2,937,333 49,815,187

2009 2,924,942 3,025,500 3,006,344 3,015,689 3,014,552 52,829,739

2010 3,050,356 3,123,403 3,066,827 3,096,916 3,093,501 55,923,240

B	 Senate Allowance reflects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission

and the HHS rescission.

C	 Obligations reflect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s

1 percent transfer authority.

D	 Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Office of

AIDS Research (OAR).

E	 Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

F	 Excludes Director transfer, Secretary transfer, and rescission.

G	 Includes Bioterrorism reduction.

H	 Excludes Office of Human Research Protection transfer, Secretary

transfer, and rescission.

I	 Excludes Government-wide rescission, Labor/HHS/Education rescission, from

HHS to OMB rescission, and Secretary 1 percent transfer.

J	 Excludes Government-wide rescission.

K	 Includes Roadmap adjustments.

L	 Includes Roadmap Transfer and Government-wide rescission.
71

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Current Dollars

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2000–2010* 

Constant 2000 Dollars

Current Dollars (Millions)

Constant 2000 Dollars (Millions)

Note: Beginning in 2007, the WHI funds are included in the “Heart” category and the Sleep Disorders Research funds are included in the “Lung” category.

Previously they were reported separately.

* This chart is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2010.

Note: Beginning in 2007, the WHI funds are included in the “Heart” category and the Sleep Disorders Research funds are included in the “Lung” category.

Previously they were reported separately.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management 

and Support

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Intramural Research

Research Management 

and Support

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year
72

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Extramural Research

 Heart $1,115.7 $1,245.8 $1,412.4 $1,538.8 $1,604.7 $1,599.6 $1,582.7 $1,624.9 $1,652.2 $1,659.2 $1,769.1

 Lung 415.5 481.0 535.2 590.5 596.0 628.2 610.3 597.6 572.2 627.8 629.9

Blood 305.9 364.0 396.0 419.3 429.2 439.5 434.9 429.7 426.2 431.7 389.2

Intramural Research 122.3 133.7 146.7 157.8 164.2 166.3 168.3 169.5 177.5 181.7 186.2

Research Management

and Support

67.9 73.5 79.4 87.3 88.5 89.0 97.2 100.6 109.2 114.1 119.1

Total $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.7 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.4 $2,922.3 $2,937.3 $3,014.5 $3,093.5

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Constant 2000 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Extramural Research

 Heart $1,115.7 $1,206.0 $1,323.7 $1,392.6 $1,400.3 $1,343.1 $1,270.2 $1,256.7 $1,220.2 $1,185.1 $1,225.1 

 Lung 415.5 465.6 501.6 534.4 520.1 527.5 489.8 462.2 422.6 448.4 436.2

Blood 305.9 352.4 371.1 379.5 374.5 369.0 349.1 332.3 314.8 308.4 269.5

Intramural Research 122.3 129.4 137.5 142.8 143.3 139.6 135.1 131.1 131.1 129.8 128.9

Research Management

and Support

67.9 71.2 74.4 79.0 77.2 74.7 78.0 77.8 80.6 81.5 82.5

Total $2,027.3 $2,224.6 $2,408.3 $2,528.2 $2,515.4 $2,453.9 $2,322.2 $2,260.1 $2,169.4 $2,153.2 $2,142.3

* This chart is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index through 2010.

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Heart” line. The Sleep Disorders Research was

reported separately from 1996 to 2006. In this table, it has been incorporated into the “Lung” line.
73

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research and

Research Management

and Support**

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Research Grants* $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.3 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.1 $2,216.9 $2,261.0 $2,310.3

Research and Development (R&D) Contracts201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.8 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9

Training Programs 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.1 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.9 96.6 98.0

Intramural Research and

Research Management

and Support**

190.1 207.3 226.1 245.1 252.7 255.4 265.6 270.1 286.7 295.8 305.3

Total $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7 $2,882.6 $2,922.6 $2,893.5 $2,922.3 $2,937.3 $3,014.5 $3,093.5

*	 Includes Research Career Programs.

**	Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Fiscal Year

Staff 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

FTEs* 865 868 880 880 861 796 797 814 846 856 876

*	 Full-time equivalents.

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Research and 

Development (R&D) 

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support**

* 	 Includes Research Career Programs.

**	Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.
74

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and 

R&D Contracts)

Percent of Extramural Funds

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

*	 Includes Research Career Programs.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants

and R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Percent of Extramural Funds

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Investigator-Initiated 

Grants*

Institute-Initiated 

Awards (Grants 

and R&D Contracts)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Institute-Initiated 

Awards (Grants 

and R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0
75

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* $1,187.4 $1,388.8 $1,521.4 $1,616.1 $1,716.8 $1,747.2 $1,747.0 $1,719.3 $1,742.1 $1,765.5 $1,865.9

Research Career Programs 54.2 57.5 63.5 65.8 67.8 71.0 70.4 55.4 78.7 84.6 68.0

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated

Awards

1,241.6 1,446.3 1,584.9 1,681.9 1,784.6 1,818.2 1,817.3 1,774.7 1,820.8 1,850.1 1933.9

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 472.5 492.1 458.6 488.2 396.1 410.9 376.4

Centers** 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0 107.3 90.1 72.6

R&D Contracts (RFP) 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated

Awards

530.2 570.8 679.6 780.9 758.0 760.7 721.4 784.0 734.9 772.0 756.3

Training

Individual Awards 8.9 8.9 9.5 8.6 8.8 9.7 10.0 8.2 9.0 10.3 11.7

Institutional Awards 56.5 64.8 69.7 77.2 78.4 78.7 79.1 85.1 85.8 86.2 86.3

Subtotal, Training 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.8 96.5 98.0

Total, Extramural $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 $2,650.5 $2,718.6 $2,788.2

*	 Includes all R18s.

**	Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* 64.6% 66.4% 64.9% 63.4% 65.3% 65.5% 66.5% 64.8% 65.7% 64.9% 66.9%

Research Career Programs

(K04, K06)

3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.1 3.0 3.1 2.4

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated

Awards

67.6 69.2 67.6 66.0 67.9 68.2 69.2 66.9 68.7 68.1 69.4

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 17.9 16.8 18.0 19.2 18.0 18.4 17.5 18.4 14.9 15.1 13.5

Centers** 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.0 3.3 2.6

R&D Contracts (RFP) 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2 12.8 13.3 13.6

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated

Awards

28.9 27.3 29.0 30.6 28.8 28.5 27.5 29.6 27.7 28.4 27.1

Training

Individual Awards 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Institutional Awards 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

Subtotal, Training 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

*	 Includes all R18s.

**	Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs) and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.
76

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Research Grants* $1,446.7 $1,669.8 $1,878.0 $2,033.4 $2,116.5 $2,158.8 $2,134.9 $2,121.9 $2,109.6 $2,170.9 $2,237.7

Centers 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9 140.6 151.5 141.1 141.0 107.3 90.1 72.6

R&D Contracts 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5 285.5 268.6 262.9 295.8 338.8 361.1 379.9

Research Training 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8 87.2 88.4 89.2 93.3 94.8 96.5 98.0

Total, Extramural $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6 $2,629.8 $2,667.3 $2,628.0 $2,652.0 $2,650.5 $2,718.6 $2,788.2

*	 Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

*	 Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Research Grants* 

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
77

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Research Grants*

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Research Grants* 78.7% 79.9% 80.1% 79.8% 80.5% 80.9% 81.2% 80.0% 79.6% 79.9% 80.3%

Centers 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 4.0 3.3 2.6

R&D Contracts (RFP) 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 10.0 11.2 12.8 13.3 13.6

Research Training 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

*	 Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

*	 Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Research Grants* 

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts

Research Training

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

 79 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 9. Research Grants 

 NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2010

Number of 

Grants 

 Total Cost 

(Dollars in 

Thousands) 

 Percent of Total 

NHLBI Research 

Grant Dollars 

 Research Project Grants (RPGs) 

 Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

 Regular Research Grants (R01) 3,086 $1,382,729 59.85%

 Program Project Grants (P01) 146 306,980 13.29

 Cooperative Agreements (U01) 210 213,376 9.24

 Explorative Developmental Grant (R21) 256 55,032 2.38

 Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 73 31,681 1.37

 Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33) 15 5,695 0.25

 Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34) 2 1,500 0.06

 Clinical Planning Grant Cooperative Agreement (U34) 2 1,630 0.07

 Academic Research Enhancement Award (R15) 11 2,960 0.13

 NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1) 3 2,790 0.12

 NIH Director's New Innovator's Award (DP2) 4 9,363 0.41

 Research Transition Award (R00) 51 12,662 0.55

 Cooperative Agreements (U19) 3 6,148 0.27

 Linked Research Grant (RL1) — 59 —

 Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 3,862 2,032,605 88.0

 Small Business Research Project Grants

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 11 2,836 0.12

 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 12 5,570 0.24

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 64 12,578 0.54

 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 78 54,935 2.38

 Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 165 75,919 3.28

 Subtotal, Research Project Grants 4,027 2,108,524 91.28

 Research Centers Grants 

 Centers of Research Programs (P50) 22 57,278 2.48

 Sickle Cell Centers (U54) 4 2,300 0.10

 Centers for AIDS Research (P30) — 3,368 0.15

 Specialized Centers (Cooperative Agreements) (U54) — 400 0.02

 National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42) — 555 0.02

 Exploratory Grants (P20) 12 8,665 0.38

 Subtotal, Research Centers Grants 38 72,566 3.14

 Research Career Programs 

 Mentored Research Development Award for Minority Faculty (K01) 6 804 0.03

 Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) 47 6,089 0.26

 Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research Ethics (K01) — 61 —

 Independent Scientist Award (K02) 19 1,847 0.08

 Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic Award (K07) 4 486 0.02

 Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award (K07) 4 562 0.02

 Clinical Investigator Scientist Award (K08) 218 28,165 1.22

 Clinical Hematology Research Career Development Program (K12) 6 2,371 0.10

 Genetics and Genomics of Lung Disease Career Development Program (K12) 8 3,194 0.14

 Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research (K18) 4 706 0.03

 Career Transition Award (K22) 1 162 0.01

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 160 22,368 0.97

 Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 35 5,942 0.26

 Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 15 2,135 0.09

 Career Transition Award (K99) 64 6,652 0.29

 Subtotal, Research Career Programs 591 81,544 3.53

 Other Research Grants 

 Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 11 19,150 0.83

 Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, SC1, SC2) 11 2,540 0.11

 Other (R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U24, UH1) 120 26,011 1.13

 Subtotal, Other Research Grants 142 47,701 2.06

 Total, NHLBI Research Grants 4,798 $2,310,335 100%
 80 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Research Project Grants*

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants**

 NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category 

 Research

Project Grants

91.3% 

 Other 

Research

Grants

2.1% 

 Research

Career Programs

3.5% 

 NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Research 

Project 

Grants* 

 $1,356,034 $1,580,751 $1,779,573 $1,920,201 $2,003,769 $2,042,050 $2,011,049 $1,986,692 $1,983,633 $2,039,861 $2,108,524 

 Research 

Centers 

Grants 

 123,803 127,232 128,161 138,941 140,600 151,495 141,086 141,034 107,393 90,152 72,566 

 Other 

Research 

Grants** 

 90,666 88,958 98,460 113,172 112,785 116,713 123,802 135,284 125,942 131,001 129,245 

 Total $1,570,503 $1,796,941 $2,006,194 $2,172,314 $2,257,154 $2,310,258 $2,275,937 $2,263,010 $2,216,968 $2,261,014 $2,310,335 

 *

 Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; and R34 and U34 beginning in 2010. ** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants. 

 *

 Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; and R34 and U34 beginning in 2010. ** Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants. 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 Research Project Grants*

 Research Centers Grants

 Other Research Grants** 

 2,400

 2,000

 1,600

 1,200

 800

 400

 0 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Year 

 NHLBI Research Project Grants, Research Centers Grants, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

 Research

Centers Grants

3.1% 

Resea

 Re

Cente

3
 81 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications:* Fiscal Years 2000–2010

 Number Reviewed and Awarded 

 Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

 Fiscal Year 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Applications Reviewed 2,893 2,895 3,064 3,098 3,548 3,865 4,412 4,504 4,492 4,373 4,528

 Applications Awarded 1,003 1,033 1,018 1,064 1,034 909 871 943 997 968 903

 Percent Funded (Success Rate) 34.7 35.7 33.2 34.3 29.1 23.5 19.7 20.9 22.2 22.1 19.9

 *

 Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, and R37; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; and R34 

and U34 beginning in 2010. 

 Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate) 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Reviewed

Awarded

 Number of Applications 

 Reviewed

 Awarded 

 5,000

 4,500

 4,000

 3,500

 3,000

 2,500

 2,000

 1,500

 1,000

 500

 0 

Fiscal Year 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Percent 

 50

 45

 40

 35

 30

 25

 20

 15

 10

 5

 0 

Fiscal Year 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 
 82 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

1,800 

2,000 

2,200 

800

1,000 

1,200 

1,400 

1,600 

0 

200 

400 

600 

800

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants**

 NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

 NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Millions)

 Fiscal Year 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Investigator-Initiated* $1,241.6 $1,446.2 $1,584.9 $1,681.9 $1,773.4 $1,822.9 $1,802.1 $1,774.8 $1,820.8 $1,850.1 $1,950.9 

 Institute-Initiated** 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4 483.8 487.3 473.8 488.2 396.1 410.9 359.5 

 Total $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3 $2,257.2 $2,310.2 $2,275.9 $2,263.0 $2,216.9 $2,261.0 $2,310.4 

 *

 Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research.

 ** Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs. 

 *

 Includes RPGs, SBIRs/STTRs, Research Career Programs, and Other Research.

 ** Includes RPGs, Centers Grants, Research Career Programs, Other Research, and Cooperative Agreement RFAs. 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants*

 Institute-Initiated

Research Grants** 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Year 

2,200 

2,000

 1,800

 1,600

 1,400

 1,200

 1,000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0 
 83 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 2000–2010

 Dollars (Millions) 

 Fiscal Year 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Competing 

 New Competing $ 266.4 $ 280.0 $ 291.2 $ 285.5 $ 290.5 $ 270.0 $ 242.9 $ 330.9 $ 314.2 $ 340.2 $ 330.5 

 Renewal Competing 152.0 143.9 143.9 177.2 185.5 176.1 168.3 169.4 196.9 172.6 171.6 

 Competing 

Supplements 

 0.9 0.4 2.3 1.0 1.3 1.7 0.4 — 1.7 0.3 0.3 

 Subtotal, Competing 419.3 424.3 437.4 463.7 477.3 447.8 411.6 500.3 512.8 513.1 501.8 

 Noncompeting 

 Subtotal, Noncompeting 889.3 1,101.5 1,281.3 1,390.3 1454.9 1,520.0 1,527.0 1,486.4 1,470.8 1,526.8 1,606.7 

 Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $1,308.6 $1,525.8 $1,718.7 $1,854.0 $1,932.2 $1,967.8 $1,938.6 $1,986.7 $1,983.6 $2,039.9 $2,108.5

 *

 Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; and R34 and U34 beginning in 2010. 

 Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants:* 

Fiscal Years 2000–2010

 Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost Total Cost 

 F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost 

 2000 891,244 417,312 1,308,556 46.8 

 2001 1,045,144 480,673 1,525,817 46.0 

 2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4 

 2003 1,276,819 577,131 1,853,950 45.2 

 2004 1,329,106 603,133 1,932,239 45.4 

 2005 1,355,803 612,007 1,967,810 45.1 

 2006 1,334,406 604,183 1,938,589 45.3 

 2007 1,378,134 608,558 1,986,692 44.2 

 2008 1,376,276 607,357 1,983,633 44.1 

 2009 1,410,033 629,828 2,039,861 44.7 

 2010 1,459,211 649,313 2,108,524 44.5 

 *

 Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007;

DP1 and R00 beginning in 2008; and R34 and U34 beginning in 2010.
 84 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

0 

50 

100 

150 

200 

250 

300 

350 

400 

450 

500 

550 

600 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Noncompeting

Competing

Total

 NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

 NHLBI Research Project Grants:* Average Costs, Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Noncompeting $346.6 $390.7 $418.8 $444.4 $458.7 $490.6 $503.9 $510.3 $512.4 $509.8 $532.2

 Competing 418.0 410.8 409.1 406.7 419.7 459.9 458.1 477.8 462.0 478.2 497.9

 Total $366.6 $396.1 $416.2 $433.8 $447.9 $484.8 $492.8 $501.7 $501.8 $501.4 $523.6

 *

 Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; and R34 and U34 beginning in 2010. 

 Dollars (Thousands) 

 Noncompeting 

 Competing

 Total 

Fiscal Year 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

600

 550

 500

 450

 400

 350

 300

 250

 200

 150

 100

 50

 0 

 *

 Includes R01, U01, P01, R03, R15, R21, R29, R37, R41, R42, R43, and R44; R33 beginning in 2001; DP2 and U19 beginning in 2007; DP1 and R00 

beginning in 2008; and R34 and U34 beginning in 2010. 
 85 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10, U19) Programs

 Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s specifi c interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the 

activity.

 Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2010 

 Total FY 2010 

Obligations 

 Total Obligations 

to Date 

 Heart and Vascular Diseases 

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events $ 15,518,128 $ 5,568,478 $ 21,086,606 

ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) — 4,024,211 4,024,211 

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network 18,219,368 6,199,959 24,419,327

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Events Follow-Up Study 5,857,326 1,247,777 7,105,103

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) 21,413,274 4,413,950 25,827,224

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation 

(CABANA) Trial

2,940,676 3,044,967 5,985,643

Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research — 5,203,594 5,203,594

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) — 4,058,435 4,058,435

Claudication Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization (CLEVER) 6,567,493 1,079,923 7,647,416

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcomes 40,203,762 6,243,690 46,447,452

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and Alaska Natives

8,882,655 2,070,651 10,953,306

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II 1,100,000 1,100,000 2,200,000

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 7,681,543 732,168 8,413,711

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) 

Trials*

4,656,109 5,863,594 10,519,703

Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients — 3,321,649 3,321,649

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives (GOCADAN) 17,365,899 138,160 17,504,059

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 29,194,950 262,170 29,457,120

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity for the Genes and 

Environment Initiative

7,192,192 1,986,571 9,178,763

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes 4,000,000 4,000,000 8,000,000

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigation in Cardiovascular Medicine 17,900,101 8,078,705 25,978,806

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium 1,113,042 7,126,599 8,239,641

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium 1,370,839 3,772,602 5,143,441

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium Administrative Coordinating 

Center

417,107 10,036,869 10,453,976

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium Research Hubs 22,721,547 24,066,547 46,788,094

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) 21,223,324 1,032,987 22,256,311

Pediatric Heart Network 55,877,857 7,471,016 63,348,873

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 67,847,214 6,574,122 74,421,336

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight Reduction (POWER) Trials 13,666,191 2,329,121 15,995,312

Ranolazine in Implantable Defi brillators (RAID) Trial — 2,279,794 2,279,794

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computed Assisted Tomography 

(ROMICAT II)

2,111,994 2,307,194 4,419,188

Strong Heart Study 70,858,608 3,020,433 73,879,041

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) 38,807,719 1,233,343 40,041,062

Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trials 3,648,449 2,285,274 5,933,723

Translating Basic Behavior and Social Science Discoveries Into Interventions 

To Reduce Obesity

5,431,213 5,556,238 10,987,451

 Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 513,788,580 147,730,791 661,519,371

 Lung Diseases 

Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet) 8,300,000 15,500,000 23,800,000

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/

Phase III

5,188,779 2,065,318 7,254,097

COPD Clinical Research Network 43,180,386 3,150,000 46,330,386
 86 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2010 

 Total FY 2010 

Obligations 

 Total Obligations 

to Date 

Lung Diseases (continued)

Genetic Epidemiology of COPD 23,297,945 7,731,991 31,029,936

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS) 1,469,184 775,690 2,244,874

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in HIV-Infected and in HIVUninfected Controls 5,390,250 5,352,755 10,743,005

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II — 7,593,739 7,593,739

 Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 27,005,538 1,992,800 28,998,338

Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) — 1,597,280 1,597,280

Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied Population at Great 

Risk

— 500,000 500,000

Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep 

Apnea

8,501,620 1,674,567 10,176,187

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS) — 2,133,947 2,133,947

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma

2,510,256 2,465,649 4,975,905

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure 4,452,227 3,326,889 7,779,116

Study of Acid Refl ux Therapy for Children With Asthma 3,345,010 762,974 4,107,984

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN) 724,724 724,812 1,449,536

Study of Soy Isofl avones in Asthma (SOYA) 774,607 697,247 1,471,854

Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(BPD) 

1,986,898 1,778,953 3,765,851

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 136,127,424 59,824,611 195,952,035

 Blood Diseases and Resources 

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal with Adjunctive CatheterDirected Thrombolysis (ATTRACT)** 4,178,531 2,094,006 6,272,537

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 56,563,600 2,507,421 59,071,021

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH) 17,852,750 1,778,230 19,630,980

Study of Low Molecular Weight Heparin as a Bridge Before or After Surgery 

or a Procedure (BRIDGE)† 10,305,131 5,226,772 15,531,903

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 50,450,201 6,589,859 57,040,060

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 139,350,213 18,196,288 157,546,501

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $789,266,217 $225,751,690 $1,015,017,907 

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.

** Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT (ATTRACT) Trial. 

†

 Formerly known as Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial.
 87 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

 AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

 The purpose of this multicenter clinical trial is to determine whether extended-release niacin plus sim vastatin 

is superior to simvastatin alone, at comparable levels of 

in-treatment LDL cholesterol, for preventing or delaying a 

major CVD event over a 4-year median follow-up period 

in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Niacin is 

used to raise HDL (“good”) cholesterol and simvastatin 

is used to lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$5,568,478

 Fiscal Years 2005–2009— $15,518,128

 Total Funding to Date—$21,086,606

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-081616

 2. AXIO Research, LLC

Seattle, Washington —HL-081649

 ARIC Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

 The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

mid-life vascular risk factors and markers of macrovascular and microvascular disease are predictive of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive change in a 

large biracial prospective ARIC cohort. 

 Obligations

 Funding History: 

 Fiscal Year 2010—$4,024,211

 Total Funding to Date—$4,024,211

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Johns Hopkins University

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-096812

 2. University of North Carolina

 Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-096814

 3. University of North Carolina

 Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-096899

 4. University of Minnesota

 Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-096902

 5. University of Mississippi Medical Center

 Jackson, Mississippi —HL-096917

 Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Events 

Follow-Up Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this project is to evaluate the incidence and determinants of CHD and health in 1,964 

surviving participants aged 80 years and older. The 

incidence of CVD in the oldest participants will be 

related to demographic variables; measures of disability, 

physical functioning, and cognitive function; measures 

of subclinical disease; and traditional and novel clinical 

risk factors and their changes over time. Seventeen percent of the participants are from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,247,777

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$5,857,326

Total Funding to Date—$7,105,103

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. University of Washington

 Seattle, Washington ─HL-080295

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

 The purpose of this trial is to determine whether 

revascularization of a stenotic renal artery plus medical 

therapy is associated with improved clinical outcomes 

compared with medical therapy alone.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$4,413,950

 Fiscal Years 2004–2009—$21,413,274

 Total Funding to Date—$25,827,224

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Toledo Health

Sciences Campus

Toledo, Ohio —HL-071556

 2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072734

 3. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-072735
 88 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 4. Mid-America Heart Institute of

St. Luke Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-072736

 5. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072737

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug 

Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this trial is to determine whether 

percutaneous left atrial catheter ablation is superior to 

current pharmacologic therapy for eliminating atrial 

fi brillation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$3,044,967 

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,940,676

Total Funding to Date—$5,985,643

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-089645

 2. Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-089709

 3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-089786

 4. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-089907

 Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to conduct cardiovascular outcomes and comparative effectiveness 

research—natural experiments, quasi-experimental 

research, and practice-based trials—that focuses on 

patient- and clinician-relevant outcomes of health care 

and the determinants of these outcomes. The goal is to 

directly inform public policy and clinical practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$5,203,594

Total Funding to Date—$5,203,594

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Massachusetts Medical School

 Worcester, Massachusetts —HL-105268

 2. Yale University 

 New Haven, Connecticut —HL-105270

 3. Boston Medical Center

 Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105342

 4. Duke University

 Durham, North Carolina —HL-107023 

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

 The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that 

a strategy of aortoiliac stenting and pharmacotherapy 

improves maximum walking duration better than a 

strategy of supervised rehabilitation, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for those with aortoiliac artery obstruction 

at 6 months. Other objectives are to compare the two 

treatment groups with a third group, usual care and pharmacotherapy, at 6 months, and to compare maximum 

walking duration change scores at 18 months, changes 

in free living daily activity levels, and patient-perceived 

quality of life among all three groups.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$1,079,923

 Fiscal Years 2005–2009—$6,567,493

 Total Funding to Date—$7,647,416

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Rhode Island Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-077221

 2. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-081656

 Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2004 

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.
 89 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary 

Intervention, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

 The purpose of this program, which complements prior 

NHLBI percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 

(PTCA) registries and the New Approaches to Coronary 

Intervention Registry, is to evaluate patterns of device 

usage and the immediate and follow-up outcomes in 

patients who are undergoing percutaneous transluminal 

coronary revascularization. Results will provide guidance to the cardiology community in selecting appropriate 

therapies and designing clinical trials to evaluate competing devices. Twenty-four percent of the patients are 

from various racial and ethnic minority populations.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$732,168

 Fiscal Years 1997–2009—$7,681,543

 Total Funding to Date—$8,413,711

 Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-033292

 Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through 

LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials,* 

Inititated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation 

in Hospitalized Patients, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2010

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska 

Natives (GOCADAN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

 The purpose of this study is to document CVD and 

CVD risk factors in approximately 40 extended families (1,214 members from villages in Northern Alaska). 

Scientists seek to identify and characterize genes that 

contribute to CVD in this unique and understudied 

population.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$138,160

 Fiscal Years 2000–2009—$17,365,899

 Total Funding to Date—$17,504,059

 Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. MedStar Research Institute 

Hyattsville, Maryland —HL-064244

 Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity 

for the Genes and Environment Initiative, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

 The purpose of this program is to support the development of devices to improve diet and physical activity. The 

program is part of the Genes and Environment Initiative, 

a 4-year NIH-wide program designed to lay the foundation for understanding the complex interplay between 

genetic and environmental factors in human diseases. 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$1,986,571

 Fiscal Years 2007–2009—$7,192,192

 Total Funding to Date—$9,178,763

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-091736

 2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, Massachusetts —HL-091737

 3. Princeton Multimedia Technologies

Corporation

Princeton, New Jersey —HL-091738

 Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.
 90 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigation in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to gain complete 

understanding of the regulatory networks controlling 

cardiovascular development. A consortium of multidisciplinary research teams will select key regulatory pathways, identify components of the pathways and targets, 

and rapidly disseminate data to the scientifi c community. 

Research results may lead to the development of regenerative therapies and tissue engineering approaches. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$7,126,599 

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,113,042

Total Funding to Date—$8,239,641

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-098160

 2. Harvard University Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098166

 3. J. David Gladstone Institutes

San Francisco, California —HL-098179

 4. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098180

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to conduct clinical and 

translational research on the genetic causes of congenital 

heart disease and genetic contributions to outcome in 

individuals with congenital heart disease. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$3,772,602 

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,370,839

Total Funding to Date—$5,143,441

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HL-098123

 2. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098147

 3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-098153

 4. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-098162

 5. Columbia University Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-098163

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium 

Administrative Coordinating Center, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009 

The purpose of this Coordinating Center is to provide administrative support for the Cardiovascular 

Development Consortium and the Pediatric Cardiac 

Genomics Consortium, monitor multicenter patient recruitment by the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium, 

and administer funds to consortium-wide Cores. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$10,036,869

Fiscal Year 2009—$417,107

Total Funding to Date—$10,453,976

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

 Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-98188

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium 

Research Hubs, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to establish virtual 

research hubs that focus on progenitor cell biology. 

Investigators will seek to identify and characterize progenitor cell lineages, direct the differentiation of stem 

and progenitor cells to desired cell fates, and develop 

new strategies to address the unique challenges presented by the transplantation of these cells. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$24,066,547 

Fiscal Year 2009—$22,721,547

Total Funding to Date—$46,788,094

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-099656

 2. University of Wisconsin, Madison

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-099773
 91 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-099775

 4. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-099776

 5. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-099993

 6. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-099995

 7. University of Maryland

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-099997

 8. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-099999

 9. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100001

 10. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-100395

 11. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-100397

 12. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-100398

13. University of Texas Southwestern

Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-100401

14. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100402

15. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-100405

16. J. David Gladstone Institutes

San Francisco, California —HL-100406

17. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-100407

18. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-100408

 Occluded Artery Trial (OAT), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1999

 The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

percutaneous revascularization to open an occluded artery 

within a few days or as long as a month fol lowing an acute 

MI in asymptomatic patients improves their outcome. 

Although the benefi ts of early restoration of blood fl ow 

following an acute MI have been well-established, it is not 

known whether later intervention is also benefi cial. The 

trial is in a long-term follow-up phase.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$1,032,987

 Fiscal Years 1999–2009—$21,223,324

 Total Funding to Date—$22,256,311

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. New York University School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-062509

 2. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation

Owings Mills, Maryland —HL-062511

 Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

 The purpose of this study is to establish a network to 

systematically evaluate candidate genes that may infl uence pharmacologic response to drug treatments for 

arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, and lipid disorders. Investigators seek to identify gene polymorphisms 

capable of predicting drug toxicity and effi cacy. One of 

the projects has 38 percent minority participation.

 Obligations 

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$6,574,122

 Fiscal Years 2001–2009—$67,847,214

 Total Funding to Date—$74,421,336

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-065962

 2. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

Oakland, California —HL-069757

 3. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105198

 Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight 

Reduction (POWER) Trials,*

 Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006 

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Ranolazine in Implantable Defi brillators (RAID) 

Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine whether 

ranolazine will reduce the risk of ventricular arrhythmias 

and improve survival in high-risk patients who already 

have an implantable cardiac defi brillator. Currently, 

 * Formerly known as Weight-Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors. 
 92 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

very few options are available for treating patients at risk 

for ventricular arrhythmias—which often leads to death—

and ranolazine may be a safe and effective treatment.

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,279,794

Total Funding to Date—$2,279,794

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Rochester

 Rochester, New York —HL-096607

 2. University of Rochester

 Rochester, New York —HL-096610

 Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using 

Computed Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT II), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

using cardiac computed assisted tomography early in the 

emergency department triage process will enable immediate and safe discharge without further testing of a signifi cant number of patients with acute chest pain.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,307,194 

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,111,994

Total Funding to Date—$4,419,188

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-092022 

 2. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-092040

 Strong Heart Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1988

 The objectives of this study are to survey CVD morbidity and mortality rates among three geographically 

diverse groups of American Indians and to estimate their 

levels of CVD risk factors. Phases II and III of the cohort 

study extended surveillance of community mortality and 

assessed development of CVD and changes in CVD risk 

factors. In Phase III, investigators added a substudy of 

asthma and a pilot family study. Phase IV expanded the 

family study to 120 families comprising 3,600 members 

to investigate genetic and environmental contributors 

of CVD. Phase V examined the family study cohort to 

assess genetic relationships to risk factor change over a 

5-year period and initiated surveillance for cardiovascular 

morbidity and mortality. 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$3,020,433

 Fiscal Years 1988–2009—$70,858,608

 Total Funding to Date—$73,879,041

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Medstar Research Institute 

 Hyattsville, Maryland —HL-041642

 2. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. 

 Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-041652

 3. University of Oklahoma

 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-041654

 4. Weill Medical College

 New York, New York —HL-065521

 Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

 The objectives of this clinical trial are to determine 

whether (a) the addition of CABG to intensive medical therapy improves long-term survival of patients 

with heart failure and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction 

who have coronary artery disease amenable to surgical 

revascularization or (b) CABG plus surgical ventricular 

reconstruction to a more normal LV size improves survival free of subsequent hospitalizations of patients with 

anterior LV dysfunction, compared with CABG alone. 

Investigators found that CABG plus ventricular reconstruction offers no benefi t over CABG alone.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$1,233,343

 Fiscal Years 2002–2009—$38,807,719

 Total Funding to Date—$40,041,062

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069013

 2. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069015

 Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric 

Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) Trials, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to determine whether 

therapeutic hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest 

improves outcomes, including survival, in infants and 
 93 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

children. Approximately 50 percent of the patients 

are expected to come from racial and ethnic minority 

populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,285,274

Fiscal Year 2009—$3,648,449

Total Funding to Date—$5,933,723

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-094339

 2. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-094345

Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Science 

Discoveries Into Interventions To Reduce 

Obesity, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop innovative 

obesity-reducing strategies that should be effective in 

small-scale trials, acceptable to target populations of 

interest, and ready to be tested in large-scale randomized 

clinical and community trials. Some of the projects 

are expected to have 50–100 percent participation from 

minority populations. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$5,556,238

Fiscal Year 2009—$5,431,213

Total Funding to Date—$10,987,451

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Claremont Graduate University

Claremont, California —HL-097839

 2. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-097843

 3. Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan —HL-097889

 4. Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, Illinois —HL-097894

 5. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-097973

 Lung Diseases Program

 Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet)

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase III, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

 The objective of this observational study is to follow 

the original CAMP cohort for 4 more years (through 

ages 21–29) to determine clinical and genetic risk factors for patterns of lung function decline indicative of 

chronic air fl ow obstruction in later adulthood; 31 percent of the participants are from minority groups.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$2,065,318

 Fiscal Years 2007–2009—$5,188,779

 Total Funding to Date—$7,254,097

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-075232

 2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-075407

 3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075408

 4. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HL-075409

 5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-075415

 6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-075416

 7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075417

 8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075419

 9. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-075420

 COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Genetic Epidemiology of COPD, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2007

 The purpose of this study is to perform a genomewide association analysis to identify the genetic risk 

factors that determine susceptibility for COPD and 

COPD-related phenotypes in a large biracial population. 

Investigators are using computer tomography and clinical and physiological measures to separate the broad 

COPD syndrome into clinically signifi cant subtypes.
 94 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$7,731,991

 Fiscal Years 2007–2009—$23,297,945

 Total Funding to Date—$31,029,936

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-089856

 2. National Jewish Medical and

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-089897

 Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis 

(ISIS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2008 

 The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is 

to assess the effi cacy and safety of 7 percent hypertonic saline inhaled twice daily for 48 weeks among 

infants with CF aged 4 to 15 months at enrollment. 

Investigators are seeking to determine whether hypertonic saline will improve hyperinfl ation and obstructive 

lung disease as measured by infant lung function testing 

compared with the control agent (isotonic saline).

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$775,690

Fiscal Years 2008–2009—$1,469,184

 Total Funding to Date—$2,244,874

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Children’s Hospital and Regional

Medical Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-092931

 2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-092932

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract 

in HIV-Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected 

Controls, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to characterize the microbiome of the lung alone or in combination with the upper 

airways in HIV-infected individuals and matched HIVuninfected controls. Investigators will use molecular 

techniques to identify bacteria, and if possible, other 

organisms (e.g., viruses, cell-wall defi cient organisms, 

protozoa, and fungi). Data will be used to examine the 

effects of changes in the respiratory microbiome on 

the pathogenesis and progression of HIV disease, HIVrelated respiratory complications, and anti-HIV therapies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$5,352,755 

Fiscal Year 2009—$5,390,250

Total Funding to Date—$10,743,005

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-098957

 2. George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-098958

 3. Indiana University-Purdue University

at Indianapolis

Indianapolis, Indiana —HL-098960

 4. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-098961

 5. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098962

 6. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-098964

 7. University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HL-098966

 Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

 The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma treatment.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$1,992,800

 Fiscal Years 2000–2009— $27,005,538

 Total Funding to Date—$28,998,338

 Current Active Organization and Grant Number

 1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

 Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes 

Program (PROP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this observational clinical study is to 

investigate hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms that 

contribute to respiratory disease risk of the premature 

newborn with the long-term goal of improving outcomes 

in the fi rst year of life.
 95 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,597,280

Total Funding to Date—$1,597,280

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Vanderbilt University 

 Nashville, Tennessee —HL-101456

 2. Washington University

 St. Louis, Missouri —HL-101465

 3. University of Pennsylvania

 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-101794 

 4. University of California, San Francisco

 San Francisco, California —HL-101798

 5. Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 

 Cincinnati

 Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-101800

 6. University of Rochester 

 Rochester, New York —HL-101813

Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An 

Understudied Population at Great Risk, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to create a network of 

clinical research sites with a Data Coordinating and 

Analysis Center to develop common research protocols to study nulliparous women (women in their fi rst 

pregnancies) to prevent preterm birth and other related 

adverse pregnancy outcomes. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$500,000

Total Funding to Date—$500,000

Current Active Organization and Grant Number 

 1. Research Triangle Institute 

 Research Triangle, North Carolina —HD-063036

Randomized Controlled Study of 

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep Apnea, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

 The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to 

compare adenotonsillectomy and watchful waiting followed by reevaluation after 7 months for treatment of OSA 

in children aged 5 to 9 years; 75 percent of the participants 

are from various racial and ethnic minority populations.

 Obligations 

 Funding History: 

 Fiscal Year 2010—$1,674,567

 Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$8,501,620

 Total Funding to Date—$10,176,187

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083075

 2. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-083129

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm 

Steroids (ALPS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine whether antenatal corticosteroids can potentially improve lung function and reduce respiratory morbidity in newborn infants 

who are born in the late preterm period (34–36 weeks). 

Studies have proved that steroids improve lung function 

in very premature infants but have not been evaluated in 

infants likely to deliver in the late preterm period. Fiftyfi ve percent of the participants are expected to come from 

racial and ethnic minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,133,947

Total Funding to Date—$2,133,947

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. George Washington University 

 Washington, DC —HL-098354

 2. Columbia University Health Sciences

 New York, New York —HL-098554

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D 

Supplementation To Prevent Childhood Asthma, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to 

determine whether supplemental vitamin D to increase 

the level of vitamin D in a pregnant woman will prevent asthma and allergy in her child at age 3 years. 

Investigators will recruit 870 pregnant women who are 

in the fi rst trimester of pregnancy. This sample will be 

randomized to one of two treatment arms of a 4-year 

clinical trial: 4,000 international units of vitamin D in 

addition to typical prenatal vitamins and typical prenatal 

vitamins alone. Currently, 70 percent of the participants 

are from racial and ethnic minority populations.
 96 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,465,649

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,510,267

Total Funding to Date—$4,975,905

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-091075

 2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-091528

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With 

Acute Respiratory Failure, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to test 

an innovative approach to sedation management that 

includes team education and consensus on the use of 

sedatives in pediatric patients supported on mechanical 

ventilation; team identifi cation of each patient’s trajectory of illness and daily prescription of a sedation goal; 

use of a nurse-implemented goal-directed comfort algorithm that guides moment-to-moment titration of opioids 

and benzodiazepines; and team feedback on sedation 

management performance. Investigators will randomize 

2,754 critically ill infants and children into two study 

groups: sedation management intervention and usual 

care. Forty-fi ve percent of the patients are from racial 

and ethnic minority populations.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$3,326,889

 Fiscal Years 2008–2009—$4,452,227

 Total Funding to Date—$7,779,116

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-086622

 2. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-086649

 Study of Acid Refl ux Therapy for Children With 

Asthma, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical 

trial is to investigate whether an approved proton-pump 

inhibitor lansoprazole will reduce asthma exacerbations 

in children (aged 6–16 years) with poorly controlled 

asthma. Two-thirds of participants are from racial and 

ethnic minority populations.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$762,974

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$3,345,010

Total Funding to Date—$4,107,984

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-080433

 2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-080450

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether the addition of treatment of chronic rhinitis 

and sinusitis with a nasal steroid will improve asthma 

control. Investigators will randomize 380 patients with 

poorly controlled asthma and chronic rhinitis/sinusitis to 

a nasal steroid or matching placebo in addition to their 

regular asthma treatment. One third of participants are 

expected to be from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$724,812 

Fiscal Year 2009—$724,724

Total Funding to Date—$1,449,536

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HL-089464

 2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-089510

Study of Soy Isofl avones in Asthma (SOYA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this double-blind, randomized controlled trial is to assess the effectiveness of genistein 

supplements (soy isofl avone) in improving lung function in patients with poorly controlled asthma. The 

study will include 380 patients with low dietary soy 

intake, ages 12 years and older, who are taking inhaled 

corticosteroids, leukotriene modifi ers, or both and 

have poorly controlled asthma. Participants will be 

randomly assigned to treatment with either a soy isofl avone supplement (containing genistein, daidzein, 

and glycitein) 100 mg daily or to placebo for 6 months. 
 97 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Thirty percent of participants are expected to be from 

minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$697,247

Fiscal Year 2009—$774,607

Total Funding to Date—$1,471,854

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Northwestern University

Evanston, Illinois —HL-087987

 2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-088367

Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF) To Prevent 

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2009

The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical 

trial is to determine whether late doses of surfactant in 

addition to iNO administered to extremely low gestational age neonates (< 30 weeks) who require mechanical ventilation between 7 and 14 days of age will 

increase survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,778,953

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,986,898

Total Funding to Date—$3,765,851

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-094338 

 2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-094355 

 Blood Diseases and Resources

 Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus 

Removal With Adjunctive Catheter-Directed 

Thrombolysis (ATTRACT),* Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008

 The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

adjunctive pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis, which includes intrathrombus admin istration of 

recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, can prevent 

postthrombotic syndrome in patients with symptomatic 

proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) compared with 

optimal standard DVT therapy alone.

 Obligations

 Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,094,006

 Fiscal Years 2008–2009—$4,178,531

 Total Funding to Date—$6,272,537

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario —HL-088118

 2. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-088476

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

 Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2005

 The purpose of this Phase III clinical trial is to compare standard therapy (transfusions and chelation) with 

alternative therapy (hydroxyurea and phlebotomy) for 

the prevention of secondary stroke and management 

of iron overload in children with sickle cell anemia. 

Additional objectives include comparisons of growth 

and development, frequency of nonstroke neurological 

and other sickle-related events, and quality of life. All 

of the participants are black.

 Obligations 

 Funding History: 

 Fiscal Year 2010—$1,778,230

 Fiscal Years 2005–2009—$17,852,750

 Total Funding to Date—$19,630,980

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-078787

 2. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-078987 

* Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT (ATTRACT) Trial. 
 98 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Study of Low Molecular Weight Heparin as a 

Bridge Before or After Surgery or a Procedure 

(BRIDGE)* Trial, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety 

and effi cacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 

in adults with atrial fi brillation who stop warfarin in 

preparation for surgery. The trial will randomly allocate 

3,282 patients with atrial fi brillation to either LMWH or 

matching placebo before and after surgery. Investigators 

hypothesize that simply withholding warfarin in a perioperative setting for patients with atrial fi brillation will 

not meaningfully increase the risk for arterial thromboembolism and will forestall hemorrhagic complications, 

compared with a strategy using LMWH before and after 

surgery. One-third of participants are expected to be 

from minority populations.

 Obligations

 Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$5,226,772

Fiscal Year 2008–2009—$10,305,131

 Total Funding to Date—$15,531,903

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-086755

 2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-087229

 Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

* Formerly known as Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive 

Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) Trial.
 99 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 NHLBI Centers of Research Program (P50)

 The Centers of Research Program supports specialized centers that focus on multidisciplinary research and development from basic science to clinical investigation in response to announcements of the programmatic needs of the Institute. 

The spectrum of activities comprises a multifaceted attack on a specifi c disease entity or biomedical problem area. 

NHLBI Centers of Research Program

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Type of Center

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2010 FY 2010 Total to Date

NIH Centers for Population and Health Disparities (CPHHD) 2010– — $9,898 $9,898

Subtotal, CPHHD — $9,898 $9,898

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50)

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling 2006– 57,170 12,473 69,643

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 57,170 12,473 69,643

Lung Diseases Program

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2007– 33,464 11,317 44,781

Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases 2006– 32,338 8,673 41,011

Pulmonary Vascular Disease 2007– 19,212 6,346 25,558

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 85,014 26,336 111,350

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Diseases 2006– 32,554 8,570 41,124

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources Program 32,554 8,570 41,124 

Subtotal, SCCOR (P50) $174,738 $47,379 $222,117 

Total, Centers of Research Program (P50) $174,738 $57,277 $232,015 

 NIH Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) (P50)

The purpose of this program is to create centers of transdisciplinary research that will evaluate the multilevel 

determinants of health disparities and devise interventions to reduce them.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2010—$9,898,210

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. Washington University 

 St. Louis, Missouri —HL-105184

 2. Northeastern University

 Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105185

 3. Johns Hopkins University 

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105187

 4. University of California, Los Angeles

 Los Angeles, California —HL-105188

 5. Rush University Medical Center

 Chicago, Illinois —HL-105189

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research (P50)

 The NHLBI initiated the Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) program in 1971 to encourage translational 

research—converting basic science fi ndings to the clinic—in high priority areas. The SCOR concept emphasized multidisciplinary research (i.e., basic science and clinical investigations) on diseases relevant to the Institute’s mission. 

In 2002, the NHLBI revised the SCOR program—primarily on recommendation from the NHLBAC—to place more 

emphasis on clinical research projects. The SCCOR program still requires clinical and basic scientists to work together 

on a unifi ed theme, but now requires at least 50 percent of the projects to be clinical. The SCOR program ended in 2008.

A description of the SCCORs supported by the Institute follows. 
 100 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

 Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling

 The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research on clinically relevant questions that 

will enable basic science fi ndings to be more rapidly 

translated into clinical applications. Major goals of the 

program are to stimulate interdependent clinical and 

multidisciplinary basic research projects that investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular 

injury, repair, and remodeling; promote patient-oriented 

research that will improve our ability to prevent, detect, 

characterize, manage, and treat vascular diseases; and 

develop the skills and research capabilities of new clinical investigators. 

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2010—$12,472,870

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-083762

 2. University of Texas Health 

Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-083794

 3. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-083799

 4. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-083800

 5. Boston University Medical Campus

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-083801

 Lung Diseases Program

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

 The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to accelerate progress in the diagnosis, 

prevention, and treatment of COPD. The program will 

include a broad spectrum of basic and clinical research 

that will encompass animal models of COPD pathogenesis, human proteomic, genetic and genomic investigations, technologically refi ned disease phenotypes 

classifi cation, and the development of new experimental 

therapeutic interventions. 

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2010—$11,317,450

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-084922

 2. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-084936

 3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084945

 4. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-084948

 Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases 

 The purpose of this SCCOR is to identify alterations 

in host responses and lung homeostasis and to determine 

how the dysregulation contributes to development or 

progression of chronic lung diseases. Enhanced understanding of these processes should facilitate identifi cation of new targets for intervention, providing the basis 

for development of new therapeutic options for prevention and treatment of chronic lung diseases.

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2010—$8,673,261

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084917

 2. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-084932

 3. University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-084934

 Pulmonary Vascular Disease

 The objective of this SCCOR is to facilitate multidisciplinary research that proposes original hypotheses and 

applies cutting-edge approaches, including genomics 

and proteomics, to clinical issues in pulmonary vascular 

disease. 

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2010—$6,345,936

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. University of Colorado at Denver 

Denver, Colorado —HL-084923

 2. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-084946
 101 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Blood Diseases and Resources Program

 Hemostatic and Thrombotic Diseases

 The purpose of this SCCOR is to conduct multidisciplinary research to improve the prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of thrombotic and bleeding disorders. The 

program will support rapid translation of basic science 

fi ndings into clinical application.

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2010—$8,570,237

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-081009

 2. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-081011

 3. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-081012
 102 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

 New York, New York —HL-100396

 2. Johns Hopkins University

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-101397

 3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 Boston, Massachusetts —HL-101408

 4. University of Medicine and Dentistry 

 of New Jersey

 New Jersey Medical School

 Newark, New Jersey —HL-101420

 5. Vanderbilt University

 Nashville, Tennessee —HL-101425

 6. University of Maryland, Baltimore

 Baltimore, Maryland —HL-101434

 7. University of Colorado, Denver

 Aurora, Colorado —HL-101435

 8. Texas Heart Institute

 Houston, Texas —HL-101438

 9. Mayo Clinic

 Rochester, Minnesota —HL-101439

 10. University of Miami School of Medicine

 Miami, Florida — HL-101443

 11. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-101820

 12. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

 Boston, Massachusetts —HL-101866

 Basic and Translational Research Program (U54)

 The NHLBI reconfi gured the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers program into a Basic and Translational Research 

Program (BTRP). The Program emphasizes fundamental investigations and their translation into initial studies in 

humans, as well as community translation to promote evidence-based clinical practice. The BTRP continues to support the Sickle Cell Disease Scholars program for the career development of young investigators and the Summer-forSickle Cell-Science program for research training and mentoring of high-school students. These components are part 

of a larger effort by NHLBI to prepare the next generation of scientists to advance the fi eld of SCD research.

 Obligation

 Fiscal Year 2010—$2,299,508

 Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers 

 1. Children’s Hospital and Research 

 Center at Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-070583

 2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-070769

 3. Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-070871

 4. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-090503

Cardiac Translational Research Implementation Program (C-TRIP) (P20)

The C-TRIP program, which consists of two stages, was initiated in FY 2010 to accelerate the translation of promising new therapeutic interventions derived from fundamental research discoveries for the treatment and prevention 

of heart failure or arrhythmias. Stage 1 focuses on planning and developing clinical trials to determine the safety and 

effi cacy of interventions to be conducted during Stage 2 of the overall program. Stage 2 studies will be supported by 

the P50 mechanism. 

Obligation

Fiscal Year 2010—$8,664,795
 103 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 9. Research Grants 

 Centers for AIDS Research Program (P30)

 The NHLBI, along with fi ve other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research that 

were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational 

research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of the patient 

population comes from minority groups.

 Obligations

 Fiscal Year 2010—$3,368,475

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

 1. New York University 

School of Medicine

New York, New York —AI-027742

 2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AI-027757

 3. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —AI-027763

 4. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-027767

 5. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —AI-028697

 6. Baylor University

Houston, Texas —AI-036211

 7. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —AI-036214

 8. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-036219

 9. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-042845

 10. Miriam Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-042853

 11. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —AI-045008

 12. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-050409

 13. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-050410

 14. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —AI-051519

 15. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —AI-054999

 16. Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-060354

 17. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —AI-064518

18. University of Miami 

School of Medicine 

Coral Gables, Florida —AI-073961

19. University of Rochester 

Rochester, New York —AI-078498

20. Rush University Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —AI-082151

21. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —AI-087714 

105

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Thousands)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Heart $156,415 $184,491 $214,971 $258,647 $245,881 $219,796 $213,320 $260,205 $296,445 $321,223 $303,251

Lung 23,341 10,993 16,578 11,745 14,131 20,946 25,902 15,191 20,249 17,710 47,777

Blood 21,538 24,572 26,751 20,082 25,460 27,831 23,629 20,446 22,093 22,164 28,864

Total $201,294A $220,056B $258,300C $290,474D $285,472E $268,573F $262,851G $295,842H $338,787I $361,097J $379,892K

A Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $17,944,000.

B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $24,579,000.

C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $54,550,000.

E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $57,545,722.

F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $64,399,000.

G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $67,795,000.

H Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $68,405,000.

I Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $77,487,000.

J Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $79,693,000.

K Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $83,834,100.

Note: From 2000 to 2006 the WHI was reported separately. In this table, it has been incorporated in the “Heart” line.

10. Research and Development Contracts

Dollars (Millions)

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations:* Fiscal Years 2000–2010

* For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11.

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical 

Trials
106

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2010

Total FY 2010 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) $149,712,440 $7,456,559 $157,168,999

Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) 22,420,575 2,351,820 24,772,395

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 78,754,025 801,888 79,555,913

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation Through Genetics 

(COAG)* 6,167,062 — 6,167,062

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) 98,363,316 775,143 99,138,459

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping 26,630,036 2,578,987 29,209,023

Framingham Heart Study (FHS) 113,632,876 2,076,405 115,709,281

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry 6,745,470 4,369,615 11,115,085

Global Health Centers of Excellence 13,399,780 999,984 14,399,764

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS) 51,239,547 228,993 51,468,540

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support 

(INTERMACS) 6,338,903 1,487,293 7,826,196

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 38,406,573 87,684 38,494,257

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 101,275,569 1,703,851 102,979,420

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP) 19,127,735 2,625,737 21,753,472

NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology — 65,777,271 65,777,271

Proteomics Initiative 157,606,085 16,912,672 174,518,757

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates (PumpKIN) — 8,388,522 8,388,522

Studying Community Programs To Reduce Childhood Obesity — 20,950,000 20,950,000

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) 7,508,288 29,374,119 36,882,407

Lung Diseases

Lung Tissue Research Consortium 26,504,208 3,495,792 30,000,000

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD 

Study (SPIROMICS) 2,081,851 27,960,468 30,042,319

Blood Diseases and Resources

Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating 

Center (BioLINCC) — 599,990 599,990

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 17,664,473 1,668,235 19,332,708

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH) 1,506,239 4,913,679 6,419,918

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies (PACT) — 10,826,333 10,826,333

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study II (REDS-II) 43,591,343 9,425,551 53,016,894

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire 5,172,976 564,672 5,737,648

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities 23,750,781 828,232 24,579,013

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy.
107

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC is a large, longitudinal study comprising 

a community surveillance component and a prospective cohort component to investigate the etiology of 

atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae and variation 

in cardiovascular risk factors by race, gender, and location. The community surveillance component monitors 

trends in hospitalized myocardial infarction, fatal CHD, 

and heart failure (2005–2009) by race and gender in 

four U.S. communities. The cohort component investigates the etiology of CHD in 15,792 participants, aged 

46–64 at baseline, who were selected from the same 

communities. The participants received an extensive 

examination upon entry into the study (1987–1989) that 

included gathering medical, social, and demographic 

data. Subsequent examinations occurred in 1990–1992, 

1993–1995, and 1996–1998, followed by contact annually by telephone to assess the health status of the 

cohort. Beginning in 2011, the study will reexamine 

the cohort participants with a focus on heart failure—a 

major epidemic in the rapidly aging population in the 

United States. Three of the cohort components represent the racial mix of their community, and the fourth is 

exclusively black. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$7,456,559

Fiscal Years 1985–2009—$149,712,440

Total Funding to Date—$157,168,999

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55015

2. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HC-55016

3. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55018

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-55019

5. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-55020

6. Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-55021

Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The CARe program is a shared genotype/phenotype 

resource for analyses of the association of genotypes 

with phenotypes relevant to the mission of the NHLBI. 

The resource comprises nine cohort studies funded by 

the NHLBI: ARIC, CHS, Cleveland Family Study, 

Cooperative Study of SCD, CARDIA, FHS, JHS, MESA, 

and the Sleep Heart Health Study. The database of 

genotypes and phenotypes (dbGaP) includes records for 

approximately 44,000 study participants with approximately 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 

from more than 2,000 selected candidate genes. In addition, a genome-wide association study using a 1,000K 

SNP chip was conducted on approximately 8,500 black 

participants drawn from four CARe cohorts: ARIC, 

CARDIA, JHS, and MESA. Data from individual cohorts 

are available to approved investigators through dbGaP.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,351,820

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$22,420,575

Total Funding to Date—$24,772,395

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. The Broad Institute, Inc

Cambridge, Massachusetts —268200900055C

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988 

The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study 

of risk factors for development and progression of CHS 

and stroke in elderly adults, 17 percent of whom are 

from minority populations. Extensive data and samples 

have been collected from nearly 6,000 participants 

since 1989–1990. The current CHS: Transition Phase 

provides partial support for an infrastructure to enable 

continued access to study resources and expertise, scientific collaborations, and mentorship of early-career 

investigators. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$801,888

Fiscal Years 1988–2009—$78,754,025

Total Funding to Date—$79,555,913
108

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —268200800007C

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation 

Through Genetics (COAG),* Initiated in 2008

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

CARDIA is a long-term study that examines the 

evolution of CVD risk factors and early clinical events 

in a cohort of black and white adults, ages 18–30 years 

in 1985–1986. The study examines risk factors for 

heart and lung diseases by collecting information on 

body mass index, physical activity and lifestyle, genetics, serologic and metabolic components, inflammatory 

markers, and other subclinical measures of disease. 

Fifty percent of the participants are black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$775,143

Fiscal Years 1984–2009—$98,363,316

Total Funding to Date—$99,138,459

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-45241 

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

4. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

5. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research 

Oakland, California —HC-48050

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to obtain rapid, reliable, and cost-efficient DNA sequencing and genotyping 

of candidate genomic regions potentially important in 

the disease pathways of heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. This information will assist ongoing investigations of genetic components involved in the 

causes, variable outcome, and progression of the diseases and disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,578,987

Fiscal Years 2004–2009—$26,630,036

Total Funding to Date—$29,209,023

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HV-48194

2. J. Craig Venter Institute, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-48196

Framingham Heart Study (FHS)

The original Framingham Heart Study was designed 

as a longitudinal investigation of constitutional and 

environmental factors influencing the development 

of CVD in individuals free of these conditions at the 

outset. Of the original 5,209 subjects, about 200 members remain alive. In 1971, the Framingham Offspring 

Study was initiated to assess familial and genetic factors associated with CHD. More than 5,000 offspring 

(and their spouses) were included. A third-generation 

cohort consisting of approximately 4,000 grandchildren 

was added in 2002 to permit examination of numerous 

hypotheses about the genetic contribution to CVD and 

CVD risk factors. Additional goals include identifying 

new risk factors for cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and developing new imaging tests that can detect 

very early stages of coronary atherosclerosis in otherwise healthy adults. In 2009, the Omni Group 1 and 

Omni Group 2 cohorts were integrated into the NHLBI 

contract for the FHS. These two cohorts consist of 

minority residents of Framingham, Massachusetts 

(about 500 and 400 participants, respectively), and were 

previously identified, recruited, and examined through 

investigator-initiated grants. Their addition to the study 

reflects the growing diversity of the community.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,076,405

Fiscal Years 1983–2009—$113,632,876

Total Funding to Date—$115,709,281

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy. 
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Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Boston University Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-25195

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic 

Aneurysms and Other Cardiovascular 

Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to establish a national 

registry to enable investigators to determine the best 

medical practices to advance the clinical management of 

genetic thoracic aortic aneurysms and other cardiovascular complications associated with connective tissue diseases, such as Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, and Ehlers Danlos 

(vascular type) Syndromes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$4,369,615

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$6,745,470

Total Funding to Date—$11,115,085

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Research Triangle Institute

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina—268201000048C

Global Health Centers of Excellence, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to support a worldwide network of research and training centers to prevent 

and control chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, and diabetes. The NHLBI joined 

with Minneapolis-based UnitedHealth Group’s Chronic 

Disease Initiative in establishing the UnitedHealth and 

NHLBI Collaborating Centers of Excellence network. 

Each center is led by a research institution in a low- or 

middle-income, developing country that is paired with 

at least one partner academic institution in a developed 

country to enhance research and training opportunities.

Obligations

Funding History 

Fiscal Year 2010—$999,984 

Fiscal Year 2009—$13,399,780

Total Funding to Date—$14,399,764

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. St. John’s Research Institute 

Karnataka, India —HV-98215

2. Public Health Foundation in India 

New Delhi, India —HV-98216

3. The George Institutes in China

Beijing, China —HV-98217

4. Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América 

Guatemala City, Guatemala —HV-98218

5. Institute for Clinical Effectiveness 

and Health Policy 

Buenos Aires, Argentina —HV-98219

6. University of Cape Town

Cape Town, South Africa —HV-98220

7. Moi University School of Medicine 

Eldoret, Kenya —HV-98221

8. International Center for Diarrhoeal 

Disease Branch

Mohakhali, Bangladesh —HV-98222

9. University of Peruana 

San Martin, Peru —HV-98223

10. Westat 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-98224

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for cardiovascular and lung 

diseases in Hispanic populations and the role of cultural adaptation and disparities in development of these 

and other chronic diseases. The multicenter, 6.5-year 

epidemiology study comprises approximately 16,000 

Hispanic/Latinos, aged 18–74 years, who self-identify 

as Mexican/Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or 

Central or South American. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$228,993

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$51,239,547

Total Funding to Date—$51,468,540

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-65233

2. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —HC-65234

3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —HC-65235

4. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-65236

5. San Diego State University 

San Diego, California —HC-65237
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Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory 

Support (INTERMACS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2005

The purpose of this program is to establish a data 

and clinical coordinating center to manage a registry of 

patients receiving an FDA-approved mechanical circulatory support device (MCSD) to treat heart failure. The 

registry will collect and analyze clinical and laboratory data and tissue samples from patients who receive 

MCSDs as destination therapy for end-stage heart failure at 90–100 participating hospitals. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,487,293

Fiscal Years 2005–2009—$6,338,903

Total Funding to Date—$7,826,196

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Alabama

Birmingham, Alabama —HV-58198

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is an epidemiologic study of CVD in blacks 

in Jackson, Mississippi, similar to established studies 

in Framingham, Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii. 

The goals of the study are to identify factors related to 

the development and progression of CVD and its risk 

factors and to assess roles of sociocultural factors (e.g., 

stress, racism, discrimination, coping strategies), hereditary factors, specific genetic variants, and gene–environment interactions in CVD among the black population. 

In addition, the JHS seeks to build research capabilities 

in minority institutions, address the critical shortage of 

minority investigators in epidemiology and prevention, 

and reduce barriers to dissemination and use of health 

information in a minority population.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$87,684

Fiscal Years 1998–2009—$38,406,573

Total Funding to Date—$38,494,257

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Jackson State University 

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

2. Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

3. Tougaloo College

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD 

(i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms) in a population 

that is 38 percent white, 28 percent black, 22 percent 

Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian. A fifth examination 

began in 2010 and includes a measurement of cardiac 

function with MRI. Periodic monitoring of participants 

to identify recent hospitalizations and other clinical 

events will continue.

 Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,703,851

Fiscal Years 1999–2009—$101,275,569

Total Funding to Date—$102,979,420

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HC-95160

3. Columbia University 

New York, New York —HC-95161

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95163

6. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-95164

7. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95165

8. University of Vermont 

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

9. New England Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-95167

10. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

11. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute 

Los Angeles, California —HC-95169
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NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program 

(GTRP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to promote the 

translation of basic research into clinical trials. The 

program will support the production of safe and wellcharacterized vectors; conduct extensive toxicology and 

pharmacology studies on animals to determine vector 

dosing, related toxicity, and vector dissemination; and 

provide investigators with regulatory assistance to initiate a clinical trial. The GTRP also will support a maximum of two phase I/II gene transfer clinical trials per 

year that have successfully met all regulatory requirements and are ready to enroll patients within 12 months 

of application approval.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,625,737

Fiscal Years 2008–2009—$19,127,735

Total Funding to Date—$21,753,472

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Social and Scientific Systems, Inc.

Silver Spring, Maryland —HV-78200

2. Lovelace Biomedical Research & 

Education Institute 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HV-78201

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-78202

4. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-78203

5. Indiana University 

Indianapolis, Indiana —HV-78204

NHLBI Programs of Excellence in 

Nanotechnology,* Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this program is to establish multidisciplinary teams to develop nanotechnology and biomolecular engineering tools and methodologies for the 

diagnosis and treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases and to translate these technologies toward clinical 

application. The program presents a unique opportunity 

for research collaboration and skills training by bringing 

bioengineering and nanotechnology solutions into medicine and vice versa. 

Obligations 

Funding History: 

 Fiscal Year 2010—$65,777,271

Total Funding to Date—$$65,777,271

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Georgia Institute of Technology

Atlanta, Georgia —268201000043C 

2. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000044C

3. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —268201000045C

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —268201000046C

Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed to 

relevant biologic questions associated with heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep health and disease. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$16,912,672

Fiscal Years 2002–2009—$157,606,085

Total Funding to Date—$174,518,757

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HV-28181

2. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000031C

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —268201000032C

4. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000033C

5. Stanford University

Stanford, California —268201000034C

6. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —268201000035C

7. University of Texas

San Antonio, Texas —268201000036C

8. University of Texas

Galveston, Texas —268201000037C

* NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology was a cooperative agreement from 2005 to 2009.
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates 

(PumpKIN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to complete the preclinical testing of investigational MCSDs to be used in 

infants and young children with congenital and acquired 

CVD who experience cardiopulmonary failure and circulatory collapse.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$8,388,522

Total Funding to Date—$8,388,522

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201000012C

2. Jarvik Heart, Inc.

New York, New York —268201000013C

3. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —268201000014C

4. Ension, Inc.

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —268201000015C

Studying Community Programs To Reduce 

Childhood Obesity, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to establish a Research 

Coordinating Center to support a nationwide scientific 

study of communities to examine outcomes associated 

with characteristics of existing or new community programs and policies to reduce childhood obesity rates. 

The Center will partner with members of the National 

Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research (NIH, 

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and CDC) to design 

and implement the research. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$20,950,000

Total Funding to Date—$20,950,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Batelle Memorial Institute

Columbus, Ohio —HC-05265

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial 

(SPRINT), Initiated in 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Lung Diseases Program

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium for collecting lung tissues and preparing and distributing them for research. Scientists seek to improve 

management of lung diseases by increasing understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of lung diseases 

through molecular histopathological studies on tissues 

with and without disease. Primary emphases are on 

COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$3,495,792

Fiscal Years 2004–2009—$26,504,208

Total Funding to Date—$30,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, New York —HR-46158

2. University of Colorado 

Health Science Center 

Denver, Colorado —HR-46159

3. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, New York —HR-46161

4. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46162

5. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-46163

6. Clinical Trials and Survey Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46164

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome 

Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Biologic Specimen and Data Repository 

Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this program is to coordinate data and 

biospecimens from NHLBI-funded studies and make 

them available for use in other approved studies. The 

center will also create teaching datasets from NHLBIfunded studies for use in training future biostatisticians.
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$599,990

Total Funding to Date—$599,990

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Information Management Services

Rockville, Maryland —268200800012C

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository 

monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, 

as well as administers safe shipment of precise sample 

aliquots to approved investigators for future studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,668,235

Fiscal Years 1998–2009—$17,664,473

Total Funding to Date—$19,332,708

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HB-87144

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System 

in Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to develop and implement a national data system and biospecimen repository 

that will provide data to describe the epidemiologic and 

clinical characteristics of people who have all genotypes 

of SCD, thalassemias, and other hemoglobinopathies. 

The system will be designed to collect, analyze, interpret, and disseminate data on the epidemiology, clinical 

correlates, health care use, and community resources 

of patients who have these conditions. It will support 

research, information dissemination, policy decisions, 

health care planning, and provider training at the local, 

state, and national levels.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$4,913, 679 

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,506,239

Total Funding to Date—$6,419,918

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Atlanta, Georgia —HR-9045

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies 

(PACT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this program is to advance (a) cellular 

therapy research in the areas of regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues, organs, and biologic systems 

and (b) targeted treatments for serious diseases without 

effective therapies. The cell processing facilities will 

support translational research in innovative cell therapies to advance the field of cellular therapy and enable 

scientifically meritorious basic science research to reach 

the clinical trial stage.

Obligations 

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$10,826,333

Total Funding to Date—$10,826,333

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. EMMES Corp.

Rockville, Maryland —268201000006C

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —268201000007C

3. University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota —268201000008C

4. Immune Disease Institutes

Boston, Massachusetts —268201000009C

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —268201000010C

6. Beckman Research Institutes

Duarte, California —268201000011C

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II 

(REDS-II), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2005

The purpose of this program is to conduct epidemiologic, laboratory, and survey research on volunteer blood 

donors within the United States to ensure the safety 

and availability of the blood supply. The study seeks to 

assess the prevalence and incidence of existing and newly 

discovered infectious agents that pose a threat to blood 

safety; evaluate characteristics and behaviors of voluntary blood donors; determine the causes of adverse transfusion reactions of unknown etiology; assess new and 

existing blood donor screening methodologies; assess the 

impact of new blood bank technologies on blood safety 

and availability; and evaluate the donation process for 

ways to improve the adequacy of the blood supply. 
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Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

An international component was added to conduct 

epidemiologic, laboratory, and survey research on blood 

donors in China and Brazil, two countries seriously 

affected by the AIDS epidemic, to ensure the availability 

and safety of blood for transfusion.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$9,425,551

Fiscal Years 2005–2009—$43,591,343

Total Funding to Date—$53,016,894

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HB-47168

2. American Red Cross Blood Service, 

New England

Farmington, Connecticut —HB-47169

3. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HB-47170

4. University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HB-47171

5. Institute for Transfusion Medicine

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-47172

6. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HB-47174

7. Westat, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HB-47175

8. Blood System Research, Inc. 

San Francisco, California —HB-57181

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of 

Life Questionnaire, Initiated in 2005

The purpose of this project is to develop a psychometrically sound and clinically relevant health-related 

quality of life instrument and related materials for use in 

sickle cell clinical trials and outcomes research.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2010—$564,672

 Fiscal Years 2005–2009—$5,172,976

Total Funding to Date—$5,737,648

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-54264

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this project is to develop novel 

somatic cellular therapies in areas ranging from basic 

science through animal studies to proof-of-principle and 

eventually human trials for heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. The goal is to provide rapid, safe 

translation of basic research ideas into clinical practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$828,232

Fiscal Years 2003–2009—$23,750,781

Total Funding to Date—$24,579,013

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-37164
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous 

System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest

$ 392 $ 75 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Women’s Health Study (WHS) 1,594 — — — — 889 — 868 875 919 927

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

556 572 598 592 599 670 — — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD 

in Blacks

339 360 376 394 — — — — — — —

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

440 362 298 291 296 — — — — — —

HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study 326 — — — — — — — — — —

Women’s Estrogen/Progestin Lipid 

Lowering Hormone Atherosclerosis 

Regression Trial (WELL-HART)*

— 32 — — — — — — — — —

Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node 

Dysfunction (MOST)* 1,136 154 — — — — — — — — —

Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis 

Research Trial (EAGER)* 361 371 — — — — — — — — —

REMATCH Trial* 825 750 — — — — — — — — —

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and 

Blood Pressure (DASH Sodium)* ** 1,247 151 387 376 395 — — — — — —

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure 

Trial (SCD-HeFT)* 1,698 1,798 1,412 1,930 — — — — — — —

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

244 — 304 152 — — — — — — —

Treatment of Hypertension With Two 

Exercise Intensities

481 420 — — — — — — — — —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

521 543 1,272 — — — — — — — —

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for 

Blood Pressure Control*

3,595 2,925 1,505 — — — — — — — —

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)* 2,182 720 1,254 1,137 — — — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids 542 529 647 — — — — — — — —

Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial (FAAT) 605 — — — — — — — — — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group.

* Paid by U01/U10.

** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* 5,079 2,604 1,724 1,963 — — 963 1,452 1,277 1,270 1,033

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)*

3,942 6,515 9,342 8,189 8,265 8,304 8,592 2,647 1,971 1,130 —

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* 473 557 596 590 492 — — — — — —

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

— 553 610 629 500 — — — — — —

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial 

(HART)

— 795 1,617 1,453 1,174 862 740 304 — — —

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT — 708 746 555 544 721 — 625 501 — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)* ** — 1,502 1,506 1,306 1,303 996 — — — — —

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk 

Factors

— — 694 656 602 — — — — — —

Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial 

Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(HF-ACTION)*

— — 7,471 9,582 7,973 4,483 4,590 2,846 652 — —

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure

— — 655 610 612 504 500 — — — —

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)* — — 3,567 5,433 4,264 1,801 2,115 — — — —

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

— — 553 553 562 572 378 — — — —

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)* — — 2,410 2,165 2,107 2,324 2,074 197 218 — —

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)* — — 5,709 4,495 1,613 6,082 5,583 9,396 3,639 727 1,233

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS)* — — — 2,461 2,400 2,369 1,950 — — — —

Treatment of Depression Following Bypass 

Surgery

— — — 964 1,132 1,181 1,193 885 — — —

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — — — 3,687 4,368 3,099 4,015 2,151 145 150 —

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal 

Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* — — — — 4,343 5,610 4,884 3,307 3,269 — 4,414

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization 

Evaluation in Patients With Diabetes 

Mellitus: Optional Management of 

Multivessel Disease

— — — — 3,663 4,669 — 5,180 2,818 1,658 3,429

IMMEDIATE Trial: Immediate Myocardial 

Metabolic Enhancement During Initial 

Assessment and Treatment in Emergency 

Care*

— — — — 5,170 9,514 10,966 — — — —

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent 

Vascular Events* — — — — — 663 6,324 6,018 1,380 2,324 6,927

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal 

Revascularization (CLEVER)* — — — — — 1,368 1,478 1,898 — 1,822 1,080

* Paid by U01/U10.

** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Interventions To Control Obesity in College — — — — — — 677 633 670 686 588

PACEmaker and Beta-Blocker Therapy 

Post-Myocardial Infarction (PACE-MI) — — — — — — 1,300 4,555 384 — —

Efficacy of Smoking Quit Line in the Military — — — — — — — 739 720 731 —

Vest prevention of Early Sudden Death Trial 

(VEST) and PREDiction of ICd Therapies 

Studies (PREDICTS)*

— — — — — — — 1,390 1,356 1,391 1,404

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction 

(Planned CORR)

— — — — — — — — 784 770 769

Effects of Niacin on Lp(a), Oxidized LDL, and 

Inflammation on the AIM-HIGH Trial

— — — — — — — — 302 312 383

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) 

Coronary Vascular Dysfunction

— — — — — — — — 776 742 745

Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer 

Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT II)* — — — — — — — — — 2,112 2,307

Collaborative Model To Improve BP Control and 

Minimize Racial Disparities — — — — — — — — — 1,963 1,938

Multiscale Model of the Human Heart for 

Imaging Research

— — — — — — — — — 566 503

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug 

Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (CABANA)* — — — — — — — — — 2,941 3,045

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac 

Arrest (THAPCA)* — — — — — — — — — 3,648 2,285

Vitamin D and Omega 3 Trial (VITAL)* — — — — — — — — — 1,260 1,248

Late Sodium Blockade in High-Risk ICD 

Patients* — — — — — — — — — — 2,280

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 26,578 22,996 45,253 50,163 52,377 56,681 58,312 45,091 21,737 27,122 36,538

Lung Diseases

Lung Health Study III* **

1,616 1,672 927 — — — — — — — —

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN)* **

5,686 5,705 5,863 — — — — — — — —

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe 

Diaphragmatic Hernia* 429 181 — — — — — — — — —

Scleroderma Lung Study* 1,501 1,761 1,501 1,055 — — 71 — — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease* 1,959 1,803 1,764 1,442 1,245 — — — — — —

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease* 1,548 1,742 1,839 1,604 903 — — — — — —

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)* 2,190 3,667 3,388 472 — — — — — — —

Randomized Trial To Reduce ETS in Children 

With Asthma

555 545 468 277 — — — — — — —

* Paid by U01/U10.

** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Lung Diseases (continued)

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study (APPLES)* — — 3,224 3,021 3,110 3,188 — 1,532 — — —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program-Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase II* **

— — — 1,489 2,043 2,623 2,750 — — — —

Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma* — — — 736 783 791 773 662 — — —

Impact of CPAP on Functional 

Outcomes in Milder Obstructive 

Sleep Apnea (CATNAP)

— — — 682 612 608 694 — — — —

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men — — — 4,163 4,262 1,390 1,142 910 — — —

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E 

and Pulmonary Function

— — — 698 610 630 605 561 — — —

Improving Asthma Care in Minority 

Children in Head Start

— — — — 721 826 1,004 779 — — —

Randomized Controlled Study of 

Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood 

Sleep Apnea

— — — — — — 2,255 2,388 1,346 2,501 1,675

Early Insulin Therapy and Development 

of ARDS

— — — — — — — 489 454 464 417

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program—Continuation Study 

(CAMP-CS)/Phase III* **

— — — — — — — 2,077 1,966 1,146 2,065

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic 

Fibrosis (ISIS)* — — — — — — — — 732 737 776

Scleroderma Lung Study II — — — — — — — — 2,281 2,297 2,252

Sedation Management in Pediatric 

Patients With Acute Respiratory 

Failure*

— — — — — — — — 568 3,885 3,327

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids 

(STAN)* 

— — — — — — — — — 725 725

Outpatient Treatment of Low-Risk 

Patients With Pulmonary Embolism

— — — — — — — — — 755 349

Translating COPD Guidelines Into 

Primary Care Practice

— — — — — — — — — 733 719

Family Intervention for Pediatric 

Asthma Self-Management in Puerto 

Ricans 

— — — — — — — — — 225 187

Physical Activity Self-Management in 

Patients With COPD 

— — — — — — — — — 663 660

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma 

(SOYA)* 

— — — — — — — — — 775 697

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent 

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)* 

— — — — — — — — — 1,987 1,779

* Paid by U01/U10. ** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Lung Diseases (continued) -

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin 

D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma*

— — — — — — — — — 2,510 2,466

Effects of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy 

on Pulmonary Function

— — — — — — — — — 614 516

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late 

Preterm Steroids (ALPS)*

— — — — — — — — — — 2,134

Vitamin D Supplementation in 

Pregnancy: Impact on Neonatal 

Immune Phenotype

— — — — — — — — — — 323

Role of Beta-Catenin in Epithelial 

Repair in Acute Lung Injury

— — — — — — — — — — 125

Mechanisms of Familial Pulmonary 

Fibrosis

— — — — — — — — — — 2,330

Multicomponent Intervention 

To Decrease COPD-Related 

Hospitalizations

— — — — — — — — — — 412

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 15,484 17,076 18,974 15,639 14,289 10,056 9,294 9,398 7,347 20,017 23,934

Blood Diseases and Resources

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell 

Anemia (STOP)* 293 — — — — — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell 

Anemia (STOP 2)* 4,200 3,166 3,168 2,320 2,366 — — — — — —

Induction of Stable Chimerism for 

Sickle Cell Anemia* — 489 525 527 551 — — — — — —

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation* — 1,222 1,224 1,286 1,353 — — — — — —

FOCUS* — — — 1,639 1,796 2,923 2,446 1,974 — — —

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH)* — — — — — 3,345 3,932 3,531 3,828 3,216 1,778

Randomized Trial of Interventions To 

Improve Warfarin Adherence

— — — — — — — — 801 787 771

Study of Low Molecular Weight 

Heparin as a Bridge Before or After 

Surgery or a Procedure (BRIDGE)* **

— — — — — — — — 4,632 5,673 5,227

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus 

Removal With Adjunctive CatheterDirected Thrombolysis (ATTRACT)† 

— — — — — — — — 2,071 2,108 2,094

Transcranial Doppler With Transfusions 

Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH)

— — — — — — — — — 4,176 4,177

Impact of Blood Storage Duration on 

Measures: RECESS Ancillary Study

— — — — — — — — — — 387

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 4,493 4,877 4,917 5,772 6,066 6,268 6,378 5,505 11,332 15,960 14,434

Total, NHLBI $46,555 $44,949 $69,144 $71,574 $72,732 $73,005 $73,984 $59,994 $40,416 $63,099 $74,906

* Paid by U01/U10.

** Formerly known as Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial.

†

 Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT–ATTRACT Trial.

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 (continued)

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2010: Summary by Program

Total Obligations 

Prior to 2010

FY 2010 

Obligations

Total Obligation 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events* $ 16,710,039 $ 6,927,377 $ 23,637,416

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)* 21,413,274 4,413,950 25,827,224

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial 

Fibrillation Trial (CABANA)*

2,940,676 3,044,967 5,985,643

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 

(CLEVER)*

6,567,493 1,079,923 7,647,416

Collaborative Model To Improve BP Control and Minimize Racial 

Disparities

1,962,536 1,938,361 3,900,897

Effects of Niacin on Lp(a), Oxidized LDL, and Inflammation in the 

AIM-HIGH Trial

613,764 383,483 997,247

FREEDOM Trial: Future Revascularization Evaluation in Patients With 

Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease

17,988,870 3,428,589 21,417,459

Interventions To Control Obesity in College 2,656,815 588,410 3,245,225

Late Sodium Blockade in High-Risk ICD Patients* — 2,279,794 2,279,794

Multiscale Model of the Human Heart for Imaging Research 565,856 502,961 1,068,817

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) 21,223,324 1,032,987 22,256,311

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction (Planned CORR) 1,554,163 768,874 2,323,037

Rule-Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computer Assisted Tomography 

(ROMICAT II)*

2,111,994 2,307,194 4,419,188

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH)* 37,243,638 1,233,343 38,476,981

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA)* 3,648,449 2,285,274 5,933,723

Vest Prevention of Early Sudden Death Trial (VEST) and PREDiction of 

ICd Therapies Studies (PREDICTS)*

4,137,380 1,403,538 5,540,918

Vitamin D and Omega 3 Trial (VITAL)* 1,260,000 1,247,778 2,507,778

Women's Health Study (WHS) 19,584,523 926,561 20,511,084

Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Coronary Vascular 

Dysfunction

1,517,476 745,442 2,262,918

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 163,700,270 36,538,806 200,239,076

Lung Diseases

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Phase III (CAMP III)* ** 5,188,779 2,065,318 7,254,097

Early Insulin Therapy and Development of ARDS 1,407,511 417,188 1,824,699

Effects of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy on Pulmonary Function 613,957 515,991 1,129,948

Family Intervention for Pediatric Asthma Self-Management in Puerto 

Ricans

225,000 187,500 412,500

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS)* 1,469,184 775,690 2,244,874

Mechanisms of Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis — 2,330,347 2,330,347

Multicomponent Intervention To Decrease COPD-Related 

Hospitalizations — 411,777 411,777

Outpatient Treatment of Low-Risk Patients With Pulmonary Embolism 755,080 349,378 1,104,458

* Paid by U01/U10.

** Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Physical Activity Self-Management in Patients With COPD 662,744 660,370 1,323,114

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2010: Summary by Program (continued)

Total Obligations 

Prior to 2010

FY 2010 

Obligations

Total Obligation 

to Date

Lung Diseases (continued)

Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood 

Sleep Apnea*

8,488,920 1,674,567 10,163,487

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS)* — 2,133,947 2,133,947

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent 

Childhood Asthma*

2,510,267 2,465,649 4,975,916

Role of Beta-Catenin in Epithelial Repair in Acute Lung Injury — 125,172 125,172

Scleroderma Lung Study II 4,577,300 2,251,504 6,828,804

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute Respiratory 

Failure*

4,452,227 3,326,889 7,779,116

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN)* 724,724 724,812 1,449,536

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA)* 774,607 697,247 1,471,854

Translating COPD Guidelines Into Primary Care Practice 733,424 718,575 1,451,999

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 

(TOLSURF)*

1,986,898 1,778,953 3,765,851

Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy: Impact on Neonatal Immune 

Phenotype — 323,300 323,300

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 34,570,622 23,934,174 58,504,796

Blood Diseases and Resources

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal with Adjunctive 

Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (ATTRACT)*† 4,178,531 2,094,006 6,272,537

Impact of Blood Storage Duration on Physiologic Measures: RECESS 

Ancillary Study — 386,523 386,523

Randomized Trial of Interventions To Improve Warfarin Adherence 1,587,429 770,987 2,358,416

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH)* 17,852,750 1,778,230 19,630,980

Study of Low Molecular Weight Heparin as a Bridge Before or After 

Surgery or a Procedure (BRIDGE)*‡ 10,305,131 5,226,772 15,531,903

Transcranial Doppler With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea 

(TWiTCH)

4,175,979 4,177,447 8,353,426

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 26,207,260 14,433,965 40,641,225

TOTAL, NHLBI $224,478,152 $74,906,945 $299,385,097

* Paid by U01/U10. †

 Formerly known as Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute DVT–ATTRACT Trial.

‡ Formerly known as Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive Procedure or Surgery 

(BRIDGE) Trial.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Antihypertensive and LipidLowering Treatment To Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)

6,259 7,000 3,980 2,761 3,346 — — — — — 1,235

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary 

Heart Disease Patients 

(ENRICHD)

3,487 596 425 70 — — — — — — —

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up: 

Investigation in Rhythm 

Management (AFFIRM)

1,239 2,401 802 — — — — — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

886 756 — 32 — — — — — — —

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

1,424 10 50 — — — — — — — —

Prevention of Events With 

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 

Inhibitor Therapy (PEACE)

5,988 — 2,849 558 — — — — — — —

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) 1,243 — 238 — — — — — — — —

Evaluation Study of Congestive 

Heart Failure and Pulmonary 

Artery Catheterization 

Effectiveness (ESCAPE)

1,820 — 1,129 — — — 311 — — — —

Action To Control Cardiovascular 

Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)

6,590 — 1,750 18,521 33,779 26,126 — 19,484 16,343 15,461 403

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

2,414 3,058 1,101 — — — — — — — —

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonist 

Therapy in Adults With Preserved 

Ejection Fraction Congestive 

Heart Failure (TOPCAT)

— — — — 837 5,162 5,480 2,218 7,912 4,408 898

Women’s Health Initiative 57,700 59,200 59,010 63,222 57,483 37,826 12,124 14,873 22,609 30,615 2,409

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention 

Trial (SPRINT)

— — — — — — — — — 3,057 29,374

Clarification of Optimal 

Anticoagulation Through 

Genetics (COAG)*

— — — — — — — — 2,637 3,530 —

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 89,050 73,021 71,334 85,164 95,445 69,114 17,915 36,575 49,501 57,071 34,319

Lung Diseases

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

315 — 113 — — — — — — — —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

729 1,330 2,786 2,287 1,475 599 — — — — —

Acute Respiratory Distress 

Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet)

5,587 2,667 1,502 4,402 5,517 4,707 7,396 5,037 1,992 6,195 7,208

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 (continued)

Contracts (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Lung Diseases (continued)

National Emphysema 

Treatment Trial (NETT)

4,047 6,989 7,910 1,630 1,648 357 — — — 285 —

Feasibility of Retinoid 

Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE)

7,711 — 2,429 725 507 185 — — — — —

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment 

Trial (LOTT)

— — — — — — — 6,208 10,042 202 4,335

Subpopulations and 

Intermediate Outcome 

Measures in COPD Study 

(SPIROMICS)

— — — — — — — — — 2,082 27,960

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 18,389 10,986 14,740 9,044 9,147 5,848 7,396 11,245 12,034 8,764 39,503

Blood Diseases and Resources

Clinical Course of Sickle Cell 

Disease

106 — — — — — — — — — —

T-Cell Depletion in 

Unrelated Donor Marrow 

Transplantation

1,085 1,144 557 774 164 — — — — — —

Viral Activation Transfusion 

Study (VATS)

339 — — — — — — — — — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell 

Transplantation Study 

(COBLT)

5,122 1,846 2,166 588 707 822 — — — — —

Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-Up

— — 588 994 1,136 1,340 — — — — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea 

Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG)

1,606 405 3,100 1,112 1,964 1,526 891 3,966 5,573 1,704 —

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell 

Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension

— — — — — — 1,867 2,801 3,702 963 320

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

8,258 3,395 6,411 3,468 3,971 3,688 2,758 6,767 9,275 2,667 320

Total, NHLBI Clinical Trials 

Contracts

$115,697 $87,402 $92,485 $97,676 $108,563 $78,650 $28,069 $54,587 $70,810 $68,502 $74,142
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI)

$ 1,634 $ 1,549 $ 1,456 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Obesity Prevention in 

Young American 

Indians (PATHWAYS)

2,459 — — — — — — — — — —

Girls Health Enrichment 

Multisite Studies (GEMS)

2,365 2,877 2,713 — — — — — — — —

Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls (TAAG)

5,274 4,831 5,919 5,828 6,350 5,103 905 — — — —

Pediatric Heart Network — 3,447 4,822 5,381 4,948 3,992 6,988 6,607 12,255 7,637 7,471

Clinical Research 

Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcome

— — — — 6,886 9,339 9,728 8,972 5,279 — 6,244

Dynamic Assessment of 

Patient-Reported Chronic 

Disease Outcomes

— — — — 1,010 — — — — — —

Heart Failure Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — 5,642 7,801 7,813 7,939 262

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort 

Study (PHACS)—Data 

and Operations Center

— — — — — — 1,000 500 490 500 —

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy 

Research Network

— — — — — — — 4,424 7,568 6,227 6,200

Community-Responsive 

Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and 

Alaska Natives

— — — — — — 1,419 2,314 3,151 1,999 2,071

Network for Cardiothoracic 

Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine

— — — — — — — 6,009 8,681 3,210 8,079

EDTA Chelation Therapy for 

Coronary Artery Disease

— — — — — — — — — 2,109 —

Practice-Based Opportunity 

for Weight Reduction 

(POWER) Trials*

— — — — — — — — — 3,729 2,329

Look AHEAD: Action for 

Health in Diabetes

— — — — — — — — — — 4,000

Diabetes Prevention Program 

Outcomes Study—Phase II

— — — — — — — — — — 1,100

Early Adult Reduction of 

Weight Through LifestYle 

Intervention (EARLY) 

Trials**

— — — — — — — — — 4,656 5,864

* Formerly known as Weight Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

** Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1999–2009 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases (continued)

Childhood Obesity 

Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR)

— — — — — — — — — — 4,058

Effectiveness Research on 

Smoking Cessation in 

Hospitalized Patients

— — — — — — — — — — 3,322

Other Clinical Trials — — — — — — — — — — 78,858

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

11,732 12,704 14,910 11,209 19,194 18,434 28,249 40,341 48,893 43,106 129,858

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research 

Network (ACRN)†

— — — 8,181 8,424 8,667 7,839 8,918 872 — —

Childhood Asthma Research 

and Education (CARE) 

Network

5,002 5,314 6,005 5,610 5,292 5,704 5,735 5,916 4,887 — —

COPD Clinical Research 

Network

— — — 6,843 6,848 8,438 7,664 6,836 3,400 3,150 3,150

Idiopathic Pulmonary 

Fibrosis Clinical Research 

Network

— — — — — 3,486 7,349 7,216 7,154 7,325 —

NICHD Cooperative 

Multicenter Neonatal 

Research Network

— — — — — — 1,336 238 27 — —

Asthma Network 

(AsthmaNet)

— — — — — — — — — 8,300 15,500

Novel Therapies for Lung 

Diseases—Phase II

— — — — — — — — — — 7,594

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 5,002 5,314 6,005 20,634 20,564 26,295 29,923 29,124 16,340 18,775 26,244

Blood Diseases and Resources

Thalassemia (Cooley’s 

Anemia) Clinical Research 

Network

2,192 2,219 2,269 2,320 2,375 2,730 2,682 2,618 2,600 658 —

Blood and Marrow 

Transplant Clinical 

Research Network

— 5,360 5,899 5,950 5,972 6,460 6,845 6,709 6,952 6,351 2,507

Transfusion Medicine/ 

Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

— — 6,053 6,241 6,093 6,221 6,521 6,407 6,374 6,541 6,590

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — 3,761 7,498 7,173 — —

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

2,192 7,579 14,221 14,511 14,440 15,411 19,809 23,232 23,099 13,550 9,097

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials, Cooperative 

Agreements

$18,926 $25,597 $35,136 $46,354 $54,198 $60,140 $77,981 $92,697 $88,332 $75,431 $165,199

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials

$134,623 $112,999 $127,621 $144,030 $162,761 $138,790 $106,050 $147,284 $159,142 $143,933 $239,341

†

 Investigator-Initiated from 1998 to 2002.
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2010: Summary by Program

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2010

Total FY 2010 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) $ 142,184,481 $ 403,065 $ 142,587,546 

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) 

83,170,059 1,235,371 84,405,430

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation Through Genetics (COAG)* 6,167,062 — 6,167,062

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) 7,508,288 29,374,119 36,882,407

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With Preserved Ejection 

Fraction Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT)

26,016,365 897,950 26,914,315

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) 790,662,086 2,408,632 793,070,718

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 1,055,708,341 34,319,137 1,090,027,478

Lung Diseases 

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNET) 71,534,973 7,207,532 78,742,505

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT) 16,452,447 4,334,914 20,787,361

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) 2,081,851 27,960,468 30,042,319

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 90,069,271 39,502,914 129,572,185

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 21,847,533 — 21,847,533

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension 9,333,094 320,083 9,653,177

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 31,180,627 320,083 31,500,710

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $1,176,958,239 $74,142,134 $1,251,100,373 

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy.

Note: From 1999 to 2006, the WHI was reported separately under its own major heading. In this table, it is included in the Heart and Vascular Diseases section. 

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2010

Total FY 2010 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network $ 18,219,368 $ 6,199,959 $ 24,419,327

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) — 4,058,435 4,058,435

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation Outcome 40,203,762 6,243,690 46,447,452

Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in 

American Indians and Alaska Natives

8,882,655 2,070,651 10,953,306

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II 1,100,000 1,100,000 2,200,000

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials* 4,656,109 5,863,594 10,519,703

Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Patients — 3,321,649 3,321,649

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network 29,194,950 262,170 29,457,120

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes 4,000,000 4,000,000 8,000,000

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine 17,900,101 8,078,705 25,978,806

Pediatric Heart Network 55,877,857 7,471,016 63,348,873

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study: Data and Operations Center (PHACS) 2,490,000 — 2,490,000

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight Reduction (POWER) Trials** 13,666,191 2,329,121 15,995,312

Other Clinical Trials 78,858,002 78,858,802

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 196,190,993 129,857,792 326,048,785

Lung Diseases 

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet) 8,300,000 15,500,000 23,800,000

COPD Clinical Research Network 43,180,386 3,150,000 46,330,386

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II — 7,593,739 7,593,739

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 51,480,386 26,243,739 70,130,386

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 56,563,600 2,507,421 59,071,021

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 50,450,201 6,589,859 57,040,060

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 107,013,801 9,097,280 116,111,081

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $354,685,180 $165,198,811 $512,290,252 

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $1,531,643,419 $239,340,945 $1,763,390,625 

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.

** Formerly known as Weight Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
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Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this multicenter, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the ability of three treatment 

strategies (intensive glycemic control, intensive blood 

pressure control, and fibrate treatment to raise HDLcholesterol and lower triglycerides) to prevent major 

cardiovascular events in adults who have type 2 diabetes 

mellitus and are at high risk for heart attack and stroke. 

The primary outcome measure was CVD mortality or 

major morbidity (MI and stroke). A total of 10,251 

participants were recruited across 77 clinical sites in the 

United States and Canada. In February 2008, the glycemia trial was terminated early due to a higher mortality 

in the intensive glycemia treatment strategy compared 

with the standard treatment strategy. The lipid and 

blood pressure trials were continued, and interventions 

were stopped on June 30, 2009, for all participants.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$403,065

Fiscal Years 1999–2009—$142,184,481

Total Funding to Date—$142,587,546

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 

Albuquerque 

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HC-10100

2. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis 

Memphis, Tennessee —HC-90350

3. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95178

4. McMaster University 

Hamilton, Ontario —HC-95179

5. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HC-95180

6. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95181

7. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95182

8. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95183

9. Trustees of Columbia University of 

New York 

New York, New York —HC-95184

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment 

To Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

The purposes of this study were to compare the ability of a diuretic versus newer antihypertensive treatments (ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, alpha 

blocker) to lower the combined incidence of fatal CHD 

and nonfatal MI in high-risk hypertensive patients, and 

to determine whether lowering serum cholesterol with 

an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor reduced the total 

mortality in a subset of hypertensive patients with moderately elevated LDL cholesterol. A high percentage of 

minorities participated in the study. In February 2000, 

the alpha blocker arm of the study was discontinued 

because the CVD event rate was significantly greater 

among those patients compared with those in the control 

group.

Results were published in 2002 and showed that 

diuretics work best to both lower blood pressure and 

prevent stroke and some forms of heart disease, including heart attack and heart failure. To answer additional 

scientific questions, a post-trial follow-up of participants 

through 2006 was conducted to obtain data on post-trial 

morbidity and mortality. The objective was to compare 

long-term effects of antihypertensive treatment with a 

thiazide-type diuretic, a calcium channel blocker, an 

ACE inhibitor, and an alpha receptor blocker when each 

drug was used as initial treatment, with step-up drugs 

added as needed for the lipid component, to assess longterm effects of pravastatin compared with usual care.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,235,371

Fiscal Years 1993–2009—$83,170,059

Total Funding to Date—$84,405,430

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

Houston, Texas —HC-35130

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a research 

network to evaluate innovative cell therapy strategies 

for individuals with CVD. The network will provide the 

necessary infrastructure to develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple collaborative clinical protocols to facilitate 
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application of emerging scientific discoveries to improve 

CVD outcomes. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$6,199,959

Fiscal Years 2007–2009—$18,219,368

Total Funding to Date—$24,419,327

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-087314

2. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-087318

3. Texas Heart Institute 

Houston, Texas —HL-087365

4. University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida —HL-087366

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-087394

6. Vanderbilt University 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-087403

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment 

Research (COPTR), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010 

The purpose of this research consortium is to test interventions to prevent excess weight gain in non-overweight 

and overweight youth and to reduce weight in obese and 

severely obese youth. Two obesity prevention trials will 

develop and test approaches that target home, community, 

and primary care settings for preschool children living 

in low-income and ethnically diverse neighborhoods. 

Two obesity treatment trials will examine the therapies 

on overweight and obese children, 7- to 15-year olds, in 

school and home settings in collaboration with local youth 

organizations. More than 50 percent of the participants are 

expected to be from racial and ethnic minority populations. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$4,058,435

Total Funding to Date—$4,058,435

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina at

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-103561

2. Vanderbilt University

School of Medicine 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-103620

3. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-103622

4. Stanford University

Palo Alto, California —HL-103629 

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation 

Through Genetics (COAG),* Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2008 

The purpose of this randomized, multicenter clinical trial is to compare two approaches to the initiation 

of warfarin therapy for optimal anticoagulation. One 

approach is based on algorithms using clinical information and an individual’s genotype using genes known to 

influence warfarin response (“genotype-guided dosing”), 

and the other is based on algorithms using only clinical 

information (“clinical-guided dosing”). Approximately 

1,200 participants will be randomized over a 2-year 

period at 12 medical centers throughout the United 

States. The primary endpoint is anticoagulation control 

during the first month of therapy. The trial will assess 

anticoagulation control, bleeding problems and other 

complications, quality of life, and cost of therapy up to 

6 months after initiation of therapy.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$0

Fiscal Years 2008–2009—$6,167,062

Total Funding to Date—$6,167,062

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HV-88210

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2004

The purpose of this program is to conduct research 

in cardiopulmonary arrest and severe traumatic injury 

to facilitate the rapid translation of promising scientific 

and clinical advances to improve resuscitation outcomes. The Consortium conducts multiple, collaborative 

clinical trials and studies that focus primarily on the outof-hospital clinical emergency setting. To date, it has 

established an infrastructure of 245 emergency medical 

* Formerly known as Randomized Trial of Genotype-Guided Dosing of Warfarin Therapy. 
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

service (EMS) agencies and nearly 35,000 EMS providers that covers more than 22 million people throughout 

North America.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$6,243,690

Fiscal Years 2004–2009—$40,203,762

Total Funding to Date—$46,447,452

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-077863

2. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-077866

3. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-077867

4. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-077871

5. St. Michael’s Hospital 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-077872

6. Oregon Health and Science University 

Portland, Oregon —HL-077873

7. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-077881

8. Ottawa Health Research Institute 

Ottawa, Ontario —HL-077885

9. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HL-077887

10. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-077908

Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and 

Alaska Natives, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of culturally appropriate interventions to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyle 

behaviors to reduce CVD risk in American Indian/Alaska 

Native communities. Interventions focus on weight 

reduction, regular physical activity, and smoking cessation. A central feature of this project is to develop 

interventions that can be incorporated into clinical programs of the community health care system or delivered 

through public health approaches in Native communities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,070,651

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$8,882,655

Total Funding to Date—$10,953,306

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-087322

2. University of Oklahoma Health 

Sciences Center 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-087354

3. University of Wisconsin—Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-087381

4. Black Hills Center/American Indian 

Health 

Rapid City, South Dakota —HL-087422 

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multicenter clinical trial is to 

determine the efficacy of treatments to prevent or delay 

the development of type 2 diabetes in a population at 

high risk due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance. The Phase II trial will continue to follow the 

original cohort to determine the long-term effects of the 

interventions (metformin versus lifestyle) on further diabetes development, microvascular outcomes, and CVD 

and CVD risk factors. Forty-five percent of participants 

are from diverse minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$1,100,000

Fiscal Year 2009—$1,100,000

Total Funding to Date—$2,200,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Colorado 

Aurora, Colorado —DK-048375

2. Louisiana State University 

Pennington Biomedical Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —DK-048377

3. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —DK-048380

4. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —DK-048381

5. MEDSTAR Research Institute 

Hyattsville, Maryland —DK-048387

6. St. Luke’s Roosevelt Institute 

for Health Sciences 

New York, New York —DK-048404

7. Indiana University-Purdue 

University at Indianapolis 

Indianapolis, Indiana —DK-048406

8. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —DK-048407
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

9. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —DK-048411

10. Seattle Institute for Biomedical 

and Clinical Research 

Seattle, Washington —DK-048413

11. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —DK-048443

12. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —DK-048468

13. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, MD —DK-048485

14. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —DK-048489

15. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —DK-048514

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through 

LifestYle Intervention (EARLY) Trials,* 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this program is to conduct two-phase 

clinical research to refine and test innovative behavioral 

approaches for weight control—using mobile phones, 

social networks, and Web-based curricula—in young 

adults, ages 18–35 years, who are at high risk for weight 

gain. During Phase I, researchers will refine proposed 

intervention, recruitment, retention, and adherence 

strategies. During Phase II, researchers will test the efficacy of the interventions that will address weight loss, 

prevention of weight gain, or prevention of excessive 

weight gain during pregnancy. Targeted populations 

include pregnant and postpartum women, community 

college and university students, and young adults who 

are trying to quit smoking. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$5,863,594

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,656,109

Total Funding to Date—$10,519,703

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-096628

2. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-096715

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-096720

4. Cornell University

Ithaca, New York —HL-096760

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-096767

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-096770

Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation 

in Hospitalized Patients, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2010

The purposes of this study are to (a) evaluate the 

translation of efficacious smoking cessation strategies 

initiated during hospitalization and continued postdischarge into effective programs that can be widely 

implemented in routine clinical practice and (b) assess 

the cost effectiveness of the interventions. 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$3,321,649

Total Funding to Date—$3,321,649

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-105218

2. New York University School of Medicine

New York, New York —HL-105229

3. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —HL-105231

4. University of Kansas Medical Center

Kansas City, Kansas —HL-105232

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2006

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the diagnosis and management of heart failure in 

order to improve outcomes through optimal application 

of existing therapies and evaluation of novel therapies. 

The network provides the necessary infrastructure to 

develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple collaborative 

clinical protocols to facilitate application of emerging 

basic science discoveries into clinical investigations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$262,170

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$29,194,950

Total Funding to Date—$29,457,120

* Formerly known as Targeted Approaches to Weight Control for Young Adults.
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Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Minneapolis Medical Research 

Foundation, Inc. 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-084861

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084875

3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-084877

4. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-084889 

5. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-084890

6. Morehouse School of Medicine 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-084891

7. University of Vermont and State 

Agriculture College 

Burlington, Vermont —HL-084899

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-084904

9. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-084907

10. Montreal Heart Institute 

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-084931

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this multicenter randomized clinical 

trial is to determine the effect of a lifestyle intervention—designed to achieve and maintain weight loss 

over the long term through decreased caloric intake and 

exercise—in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. 

Participants have been randomly assigned to one of two 

interventions—either Lifestyle Intervention or Diabetes 

Support and Education—and will be followed for up to 

11.5 years. The trial will monitor major cardiovascular 

events, such as heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascularrelated death. Investigators will also examine the impact 

of the interventions on other cardiovascular diseaserelated outcomes, cardiovascular risk factors, all-cause 

mortality, diabetes control and complications, fitness, 

general health, and health-related quality of life and psychological outcomes. One of the 16 clinical centers is 

targeting American Indians. 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$4,000,000

Fiscal Year 2009—$4,000,000 

Total Funding to Date—$8,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —DK-057008

2. University of Tennessee Health 

Science Center 

Memphis, Tennessee —DK-057078

3. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —DK-057135

4. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —DK-057151

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical 

Investigations in Cardiovascular Medicine, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to establish a network 

to evaluate newer surgical techniques, technologies, 

devices, and innovative pharmaceutical and bioengineered products directed at CVD to ensure that the public 

has access to the best procedures. The Network will also 

serve as a clinical trials training ground for fellows and 

junior faculty. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$8,078,705

Fiscal Years 2007–2009—$17,900,101

Total Funding to Date—$25,978,806

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Virginia, Charlottesville 

Charlottesville, Virginia —HL-088925

2. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-088928

3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

of Yeshiva University 

Bronx, New York —HL-088939

4. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-088942

5. Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

New York, New York —HL-088951

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-088953

7. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-088955

8. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-088957

9. Montreal Heart Institute 

Montreal, Quebec, Canada —HL-088963
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Pediatric Heart Network, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate novel treatment methods and 

management strategies for children with structural 

congenital heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, 

heart muscle disease, or arrhythmias.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$7,471,016

Fiscal Years 2001–2009—$55,877,857

Total Funding to Date—$63,348,873

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068269

2. New England Research Institute, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-068270

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-068279

4. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-068281

5. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068285

6. Hospital for Sick Children 

Toronto, Ontario —HL-068288

7. Columbia University Health Sciences 

New York, New York —HL-068290

8. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-068292

9. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-085057

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)—

Data and Operations Center, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this study is to create a body of data 

to (a) understand more fully the effect of HIV on sexual 

maturation, pubertal development, and socialization of 

perinatally HIV-infected preadolescents and adolescents 

and (b) acquire more definitive information about the 

long-term safety of antiretroviral agents when used during pregnancy and in newborns.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$0

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$2,490,000

Total Funding to Date—$2,490,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HD-052102

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight 

Reduction (POWER) Trials,* Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this program is to conduct randomized 

clinical trials in routine clinical practice settings to test 

the effectiveness of weight loss interventions in obese 

patients who have one or more additional cardiovascular 

risk factors. Unlike traditional multicenter clinical trials, each study functions as an independent trial with a 

distinct protocol, but efforts are made to coordinate and 

standardize several aspects of the trials. Forty-five to 

100 percent of the participants are from racial and ethnic 

minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,329,121

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$13,666,191

Total Funding to Date—$15,995,312

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-087071

2. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-087072

3. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-087085

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial 

(SPRINT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure below the 

currently recommended standard will reduce the risk of 

cardiovascular and kidney diseases or age-related cognitive decline. About 9,250 participants with systolic 

blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg will be recruited at approximately 90 clinics within 5 clinical center networks 

over a 2-year period and will be followed for 4–6 years. 

* Formerly known as Weight Loss in Obese Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
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Among the participants, approximately 4,300 will have 

chronic kidney disease and 3,250 will be aged 75 years 

and older. The primary endpoints are nonfatal MI, acute 

coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, or CVD mortality. Secondary endpoints include decline in renal function 

or development of end stage renal disease. The MIND 

substudy will focus on the effect of lowering systolic 

blood pressure to reduce the decline in cognitive function.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$29,374,119 

Fiscal Year 2009—$7,508,288 

Total Funding to Date—$36,882,407 

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95240

2. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HC-95255

3. University of Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95256

4. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina — HC-95257

5. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95258

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy 

in Adults With Preserved Ejection Fraction 

Congestive Heart Failure (TOPCAT), Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2004

The purpose of this international randomized trial is 

to evaluate the effectiveness of spironolactone, a generic 

and inexpensive drug, to reduce cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalization in patients who 

have heart failure with preserved systolic function (left 

ventricular ejection fraction ≥45 percent). The trial will 

recruit up to 3,500 patients in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, 

Republic of Georgia, Russia, and the United States. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$897,950

Fiscal Years 2004–2009—$26,016,365

Total Funding to Date—$26,914,315

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HC-45207

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1992

The purpose of the WHI was to study cardiovascular 

disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal 

women. The program consisted of three major components: randomized controlled clinical trials of HRT, 

dietary modification, and calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational study to identify predictors of 

disease; and a study of community approaches to developing healthful behaviors.

In 2007, the WHI began a program to maximize the 

scientific yield from the biologic resources and associated participant exposure and outcome data from the 

study. The program seeks innovative technologies that 

will enable comprehensive investigation of sets of markers associated with disease outcomes or treatment effects, 

or of groups of mediators that might explain the pathway 

of exposure or treatment effects on disease outcomes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,408,632

Fiscal Years 1992–2009*—$790,662,086

Total Funding to Date—$793,070,018

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-22110

2. University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-24152

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-32100

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —WH-32101

5. University of Iowa College of Medicine 

Iowa City, Iowa —WH-32102

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —WH-32105

7. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-32106

8. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-32108

* This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992 to 1998, major support was provided through the Office of 

the Director, NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an inter-Agency agreement with the CDC: $4,000,000 in FY 1999 and 

$12,000,000 from FY 1996–1998.
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9. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-32109

10. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —WH-32111

11. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-32112

12. University of California, Davis 

Davis, California —WH-32113

13. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —WH-32115

14. University of Tennessee 

Memphis, Tennessee —WH-32118

15. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 

Pawtucket, Rhode Island —WH-32119

16. State University of New York at Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —WH-32122

17. University of California, Irvine 

Irvine, California —WH-42107

18. George Washington University 

Washington, DC —WH-42108

19. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —WH-42109

20. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —WH-42110

21. University of Texas Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —WH-42111

22. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-42112

23. University of Nevada 

School of Medicine 

Reno, Nevada —WH-42113

24. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —WH-42114

25. State University of New York at 

Stony Brook 

Stony Brook, New York —WH-42115

26. University of Massachusetts Medical 

School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —WH-42116

27. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —WH-42117

28. Wayne State University 

Detroit, Michigan —WH-42118

29. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —WH-42119

30. Harbor-UCLA Research and Education 

Institute 

Torrance, California —WH-42120

31. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 

Oakland, California —WH-42121

32. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —WH-42122

33. MedStar Research Institute 

Washington, DC —WH-42123

34. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s 

Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-42124

35. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —WH-42125

36. University of Cincinnati 

Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —WH-42126

37. University of Florida 

College of Medicine 

Gainesville, Florida —WH-42129

38. University of Hawaii at Manoa 

Honolulu, Hawaii —WH-42130

39. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —WH-42131

40. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —WH-42132

41. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-44221

42. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —WH-74310

43. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-74311

44. California Pacific Medical Center

San Francisco, California —WH-74312

45. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-74313

46. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-74314

47. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-74315

48. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-74316

49. Tufts University 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-74317

50. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-74318

51. University of California, Davis 

Davis, California —WH-74319

52. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-74320

53. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-74321

54. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-94341

55. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-94342

56. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94343

57. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94344

58. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94346 
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59. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94347

60. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-94348

61. Albert Einstein College of Medicine 

New York, New York —WH-94349

62. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-94350

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNet), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The purpose of this network is to develop and conduct randomized controlled clinical trials to prevent, 

treat, and improve the outcome of patients with acute 

lung injury, ARDS, and other related critical illnesses.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$7,207,532

Fiscal Years 1994–2009—$71,534,973

Total Funding to Date—$78,742,505

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baystate Medical Center 

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-56165

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HR-56166

3. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center 

Denver, Colorado —HR-56167

4. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine-Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-56168

5. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HR-56169

6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-56170

7. LDS Hospital 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-56171

8. Louisiana State University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-56172

9. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HR-56173

10. Vanderbilt University Medical Center 

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-56174

11. Wake Forest University Health Sciences 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-56175

12. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-56176

13. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-56179

Asthma Network (AsthmaNet), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2009

The purpose of this network is to develop and 

conduct multiple clinical trials to address the most 

important asthma management questions and new treatment approaches in pediatric and adult populations. 

Investigators will identify optimal therapies for a variety 

of asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and racial and ethnic 

backgrounds. They will also conduct a limited number 

of proof-of-concept studies to advance the development of innovative therapies and perform studies to 

investigate the mechanistic bases for the interventions. 

Approximately 30 percent of the participants will be 

from diverse minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$15,500,000 

Fiscal Year 2009—$8,300,000

Total Funding to Date—$23,800,000

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Health 

Denver, Colorado —HL-098075

2. University of Wisconsin, Madison 

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-098090

3. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HL-098096

4. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-098098

5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-098102

6. Wake Forest University Health 

Science Center 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-098103

7. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-098107

8. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —HL-098112

9. Pennsylvania State University 

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-098115

10. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-098177

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to investigate disease 

management approaches in patients with moderate-tosevere COPD and to ensure that the findings are rapidly 

disseminated to the medical community.
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Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$3,150,000

Fiscal Years 2003–2009—$43,180,386

Total Funding to Date—$46,330,386

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute 

Torrance, California —HL-074407

2. Temple University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-074408

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority 

Denver, Colorado —HL-074409

4. Minnesota Veterans Research Institute 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074416

5. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-074418

6. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074422

7. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074424

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074428

9. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-074431

10. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074439

11. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074441

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2007

The purpose of this program is to determine the 

effectiveness and safety of long-term oxygen therapy in 

patients with COPD. Approximately 1,100 patients with 

moderate COPD will be enrolled to determine whether 

supplemental oxygen can improve their quality of life 

and extend their lifespan. Research findings will help 

Medicare decide whether to extend coverage for home 

oxygen treatment for patients with moderately severe 

disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$4,334,914

Fiscal Years 2007–2009—$16,452,447

Total Funding to Date—$20,787,361

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76183

2. Cleveland Clinic Foundation 

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76184

3. Denver Health and Hospital Authority 

Denver, Colorado —HR-76185

4. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76186

5. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals 

Portland, Oregon —HR-76187

6. Los Angeles Biomedical 

Institute/Harbor-UCLA 

Los Angeles, California —HR-76188

7. Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76189

8. Temple University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76190

9. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HR-76191

10. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76192

11. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76193

12. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-76194

13. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HR-76195

14. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76196

15. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76197

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

The purpose of this study is to conduct proof-ofconcept Phase II clinical trials that test novel interventions 

for a lung disease or a cardiopulmonary disorder from 

sleep. Investigators seek to identify interventions that 

will have the potential to significantly change clinical 

management. 

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$7,593,739

Total Funding to Date—$7,593,739

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-102225
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2. University of Colorado Denver

Aurora, Colorado —HL-102235 

3. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-102288

4. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-102547

5. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-105371

6. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-105569

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome 

Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

The purposes of this study are to (a) define pathogenetically homogeneous subgroups of COPD subjects 

on the basis of biomarkers, genotypes, and computed 

tomography images and (b) identify immediate outcome 

measures for use in future clinical studies. Secondary 

aims are to clarify the natural history of COPD; develop 

bioinformatic resources that will enable the use and 

sharing of data in studies of COPD and related diseases; 

and create a collection of clinical, biomarker, radiographic, and genetic data that can be used by external 

investigators for other studies of COPD.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2010—$27,960,468

Fiscal Year 2009—$2,081,851 

Total Funding to Date—$30,042,319

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HR-96199

2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HR-96200

3. Columbia University 

New York, New York —HR-96201

4. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-96202

5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-96203

6. Wake Forest University 

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-96204

7. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HR-96205

8. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HR-96206

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to compare novel 

treatment methods and management strategies of potential benefit for children and adults undergoing blood or 

marrow transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$2,507,421

Fiscal Years 2001–2009—$56,563,600

Total Funding to Date—$59,071,021

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center 

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-069233

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-069246

3. Dana Farber Cancer Institute 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-069249

4. National Childhood Cancer Foundation 

Arcadia, California —HL-069254

5. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-069273

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069274

7. City of Hope Medical Center 

Duarte, California —HL-069278

8. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069286

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-069290

10. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-069291

11. Medical College of Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-069294

12. University of Florida 

Gainesville, Florida —HL-069301

13. Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-069310

14. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research 

New York, New York —HL-069315

15. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-069330

16. University of Texas 

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center 

Houston, Texas —HL-069334

17. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-069348
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Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if 

hydroxyurea therapy is effective in preventing chronic 

end organ damage in pediatric patients with sickle cell 

anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$0

Fiscal Years 2000–2009—$21,847,533

Total Funding to Date—$21,847,533

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute 

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center 

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina 

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY 

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami 

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center 

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center 

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation 

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated 

Pulmonary Hypertension, Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 2006

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the 

safety and efficacy of 16 weeks of therapy with sildenafil, a nitric oxide potentiator, in adult patients with SCD 

and pulmonary hypertension. Exercise endurance and 

pulmonary artery pressure will be measured. Pulmonary 

hypertension occurs in up to 30 percent of SCD cases 

and is strongly associated with mortality in adults with 

SCD. All of the participants are black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$320,083

Fiscal Years 2006–2009—$9,333,094

Total Funding to Date—$9,653,177

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HB-67182

2. Imperial College of London 

London, England —HB-67183

3. Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-67184

4. University of Colorado 

Denver, Colorado —HB-67185

5. Children’s Hospital and Research Center 

at Oakland 

Oakland, California —HB-67186

6. University of Illinois at Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HB-67187

7. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-67188

8. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-67189

9. Albert Einstein College of Medicine of 

Yeshiva University 

New York, New York —HB-67190

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient comparison of new management strategies for 

individuals with hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic 

thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic 

purpura, and evaluate new and existing blood products 

and cytokines for treatment of hematologic disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2010—$6,589,859

Fiscal Years 2002–2009—$50,450,201

Total Funding to Date—$57,040,060

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-072028

2. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-072033

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072072
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4. Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072191

5. Weill Medical College of 

Cornell University 

New York, New York —HL-072196

6. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-072248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc. 

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-072268

8. Tulane University of Louisiana 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-072283

10. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-072289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-072290

12. Children’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072291

13. Massachusetts General Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072299

14. Puget Sound Blood Center 

Seattle, Washington —HL-072305

15. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-072331

16. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-072346

17. University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-072355

18. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072359

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Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address 

Health Disparities

Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research to eliminate health disparities that exist between various 

segments of the U.S. population. The Institute has 

not only initiated research projects with significant 

minority participation to compare health status 

between various populations, but has also given high 

priority to programs that focus exclusively on minority health issues.

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all segments of the population, minority and nonminority, 

women, and children, stand to benefit from the 

Institute’s research programs.

It has long been a goal of the NHLBI to increase 

the number of individuals from underrepresented 

groups in biomedical and behavioral research. 

Selected FY 2010 activities addressing this goal 

include the following:

•	 Historically Black Colleges and Universities

(HBCU) Research Scientist Award and the 

Research Scientist Award for Minority Institutions: Strengthens the biomedical and behavioral research capabilities and resources of 

HBCUs or minority institutions by recruiting an 

established research scientist in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, or blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; or sleep disorders

•	 Sickle Cell Scholars Program: Supports career

development of young or new investigators in 

SCD research as part of the BTRP (see Chapter 9)

•	 Summer for Sickle Cell Science Program: 

Supports career development of young or new 

investigators in SCD research as part of the BTRP

•	 Clinical Research Education and Career Development in Minority Institutions: Encourages the

development and implementation of curriculumdependent programs in minority institutions to 

train selected doctoral and postdoctoral candidates in clinical research leading to a Master of 

Science Degree in Clinical Research or Master 

of Public Health Degree in a clinically relevant 

area

•	 Minority Undergraduate Biomedical Education

Program: Encourages development of pilot

demonstration programs at minority undergraduate educational institutions to recruit and retain 

talented undergraduate students in the biomedical sciences

•	 Short-Term Research Education Program To

Increase Diversity in Health-Related Research: 

Promotes diversity in undergraduate and health 

professional student populations by offering 

short-term education support to stimulate career 

development in cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders research

•	 Program To Increase Diversity Among Individuals Engaged in Health-Related Research

(PRIDE): Encourages scientists and researchoriented faculty from diverse backgrounds to

expand their research skills and gain experience

in advanced methods and experimental 

approaches in basic and applied sciences in 

heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders so that they can compete for external funding for research in the biomedical and behavioral sciences 

•	 Mentored Career Development Award To Promote Faculty Diversity/Re-Entry in Biomedical

Research: Promotes an increase in the number 

of highly trained investigators—from diverse 

backgrounds (i.e., faculty members who are

from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups 

or who have disabilities or who are from disadvantaged backgrounds) or those who have experienced an interruption in their research 

careers—whose basic and clinical research interests are grounded in the advanced methods and 

experimental approaches needed to solve problems related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases and sleep disorders. 
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Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

The Office of Research Training and Minority Health 

(ORTMH) within the Office of the Director provides 

oversight for, and coordinates, supports, and evaluates 

Institute programs related to minority health outcomes, 

including research, research training and career development, public outreach, and translation of research findings. The ORTMH also coordinates activities to foster 

greater participation of underrepresented minorities in 

NHLBI research and research training and career development programs. Selected FY 2010 activities include 

the following:

•	 Issuing two training and career development RFAs

to increase the number of highly trained individuals 

from diverse backgrounds, including underrepresented minorities, individuals from disadvantaged 

backgrounds, and individuals with disabilities

•	 Participating in HHS-Endorsed Minority Organization Internship Programs by supporting positions 

in NHLBI extramural and intramural divisions for 

students from the National Association for Equal

Opportunity in Higher Education, the Hispanic

Association of Colleges and Universities, the 

Washington Internships for Native Students programs, and the Directors of Health Promotion and 

Education Internship Program/CDC

•	 Sponsoring Out of the Box, a project for the Cherokee and Smoky Mountain Elementary Schools that

is designed to create awareness and interest in the 

importance of science, medicine, and health; eliminate gaps in quality of health among minorities by

encouraging health-related careers; and empower 

young children to take responsibility for their own

health

•	 Supporting the African American, Hispanic, and

Native American Youth Initiatives to bring minority 

students to the NIH campus for scientific presentations, an introduction to NHLBI research training 

and career development programs, and a tour of 

NHLBI laboratories

•	 Providing undergraduate students from the Tougaloo

College Scholars program an opportunity to learn 

about the NIH, biomedical research, and research 

training opportunities at the NHLBI during a 3-day 

tour of the NIH

•	 Increasing recruitment of individuals for the NHLBI

intramural and extramural training programs by representing the Institute at four diversity-focused 

research meetings to raise awareness of research and 

research training and career development opportunities supported by the NHLBI

•	 Coordinating the Biomedical Research Training

Program for Individuals from Underrepresented 

Groups, which offers opportunities for underrepresented undergraduate, postbaccalaureate, and 

graduate students to receive training in fundamental 

biomedical sciences and clinical research as they 

relate to the etiology and treatment of heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases

•	 Serving as the NHLBI contact for guidance to candidates applying for the NIH Pathway to Independence Award and the NHLBI Career Transition 

Award for extramural programmatic issues

See Chapter 13 for additional NHLBI-supported 

research training and career development programs for 

individuals from diverse backgrounds.

The following text describes selected current projects 

that focus on minority populations and reflect the 

Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health. 

Additional information can be found in Chapters 9–11.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Epidemiology

Long-term epidemiologic studies are critical to uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations:

•	 CARDIA (see Chapter 10): To determine the evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle characteristics

in young adults that may influence development of

risk factors prior to middle age. Fifty percent of

participants are black.

•	 ARIC (see Chapter 10): To investigate the association of CHD risk factors with development of

atherosclerosis and CVD in an adult population. 

Thirty percent of participants are black.

•	 Strong Heart Study (see Chapter 9): To compare

risk factor levels and morbidity and mortality from

CVD among American Indians from three different 

geographic locations.

•	 JHS (see Chapter 10): To identify environmental

and genetic factors influencing evolution and progression of CVD in blacks.
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Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

•	 MESA (see Chapter 10): To examine the characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict progression 

to clinically overt CVD and related risk factors that

predict subclinical disease in blacks, whites, Hispanics, and Asians. Sixty-two percent of participants 

are from minority populations.

•	 GOCADAN (see Chapter 9): To document CVD

risk factors and measures of subclinical disease and

to identify and characterize genes that contribute to

CVD in approximately 40 extended Alaska Native

families.

•	 HCHS (see Chapter 10): To identify risk factors for

cardiovascular and lung disease in Hispanic/Latino 

populations in the United States and determine the 

role of acculturation in their prevalence and 

development.

The Institute supports components of the NHANES

that track the prevalence of disease and risk factors for

cardiovascular and lung diseases by race and ethnicity in 

the U.S. population and the National Longitudinal 

Mortality Study that analyzes socioeconomic, demographic, occupational, and racial differentials in mortality 

in the United States.

The NHLBI also supports a variety of investigatorinitiated research activities across a range of racial and 

ethnic groups on risk factors, genetic contributors, and

health disparities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders. Many of them are ancillary studies to 

NHLBI-initiated cohort studies. 

Risk Factors

Investigator-initiated studies on cardiovascular risk

factors in ethnic and minority groups range in focus from 

biological to environmental, psychosocial, and cultural. 

Examples are studies to determine geographic and ethnic

variations in the prevalence of CHD risk factors; investigate risk factors linked to atherosclerosis and disease

progression in South Asians living in the United States; 

determine whether vascular injury is detectable at a 

young age in those with obesity and high blood pressure; 

compare the prevalence of vulnerable atherosclerotic 

plaque and differences in plaque vulnerability in blacks

and whites; study the effects of arsenic exposure on diabetes and CVD in American Indians; and examine sociocultural risk factors for CVD in Hispanics/Latinos.

Genetic Epidemiology

Areas of focus in genetic epidemiology include gene 

discovery through linkage studies in family-based samples and GWAS in population-based samples; effects of 

gene–environment interactions on risk factors and health;

and genotypic characterization in relationship to intermediate phenotypes, such as biomarkers.

Genetic epidemiologic research is also beginning to 

transition to predicting and assessing genetic risk and

reporting genetic results to participants of research studies. The activities offer unique insights into specific populations and general observations that are relevant to all 

populations. Examples are studies of genetics of hypertension in populations of West African origin; the role of 

stress in gene–environment interaction in a multi-ethnic 

population; the contribution of genetic variation to 

obstructive sleep apnea, impaired endothelial function, 

and central blood pressure in Mexican Americans; salt 

sensitivity and blood pressure in Chinese populations; 

genetics of high serum triglycerides and metabolic traits 

in Mexican Americans; genetic susceptibility to lipid disorders in blacks; and genetic variation that underlies obesity and obesity-related phenotypes among Samoan 

adults. 

Health Disparities

The NHLBI is committed to supporting and conducting research that will contribute to reducing health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities. Efforts

related to reducing health disparities include:

•	 CPHHD (see Chapter 9): To promote transdisciplinary research in health disparities to improve 

health outcomes and quality of life for populations

at high risk for CVD.

•	 Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award Program: To enhance the ability of 

physicians and other health care professionals to 

address, in a culturally sensitive manner, disparities 

in the occurrence, management, and outcomes of 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders among various population groups in the 

United States. The program addresses ethnic, cultural, religious, socioeconomic, linguistic, and other 

factors that contribute to health disparities and seeks

culturally competent approaches to mitigating them.

•	 Community-Responsive Interventions To Reduce

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and Alaska

Natives (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness of 
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Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

culturally appropriate behavioral interventions that 

promote adoption of healthy lifestyles (healthy diet, 

regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and

stress management) related to heart disease and 

stroke risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives.

The Institute supports ancillary studies to major 

Institute-initiated and investigator-initiated studies that 

characterize health disparities and their determinants in

ethnic minorities. Projects integrating data from multiple 

sources include one that is developing a populationbased surveillance system in a large U.S. metropolitan 

area to identify and track chronic disease disparities

among several ethnic groups at the local level and 

another that is creating a state-wide network of information on health, health care quality, and public health

resources to assess health disparities at the community 

level.

Other studies on determinants of health disparities 

include one that is investigating the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status and psychosocial factors—

such as discrimination, stress, and social support—on 

coronary heart disease risk in blacks in Mississippi;

another that is studying the influences of cultural and 

environmental factors on ethnic disparities in obesity 

prevalence; a third that is examining black–white racial

disparities in physician practice care for obesity and 

patient self-management of body weight; and a fourth 

that is determining the degree to which ethnic/racial bias 

among health care providers is associated with disparities 

in the management and control of hypertension in racial 

and ethnic minority populations. 

Education

The NHLBI, through DARD, translates research 

findings into practice by developing clinical practice 

guidelines, communicating research advances, and disseminating health information to physicians, health 

care professionals, patients, and the public on ways to 

prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s mandate. 

The Institute has initiated the following activities to 

improve cardiovascular health in racial and cultural/

ethnic groups:

•	 The Community Health Worker Initiative: To help

improve cardiovascular health among black, Hispanic, American Indian, Alaska Native, and Filipino

communities using community-based strategies.

•	 NHLBI–U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development HOPE VI: To address cardiovascular

health disparities in public housing settings. With 

the aid of the NHLBI heart health curriculum, residents of the black community are trained to become

educators of other public housing residents.

•	 NHLBI–Health Resources and Services Administration Bureau of Primary Care Partnership: To integrate clinical care management teams and trained 

community health educators to implement pilot programs for blacks, Hispanics, and Filipinos in the

United States who are at high risk for CVD.

•	 Salud para su Corazón: To develop networks to disseminate information and strategies about CVD 

prevention and control by promoting heart healthy 

behaviors in Hispanic communities.

•	 NHLBI–Pan American Health Organization/WHO

Partnership To Promote Cardiovascular Health in 

the Americas: To develop and evaluate communitybased interventions to prevent and control CVD risk

factors among low-resource communities in Argentina, Chile, and Guatemala.

•	 Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: To develop and

evaluate community-based interventions to prevent 

and control CVD risk factors through education and

outreach using tribal community health workers and

community health educators.

•	 Healthy Heart, Healthy Family: To develop and

evaluate culturally and linguistically appropriate 

outreach activities and information to increase community awareness of heart disease and its associated 

risk factors and to promote heart healthy lifestyles

among the growing Filipino population in the 

United States.

•	 The Heart Truth® Campaign: To raise awareness of 

heart disease in women through community-based 

interventions. Special populations are especially 

targeted through The Heart Truth’s Women of Color 

Initiative, a partnership with national black and

Hispanic organizations.

•	 We Can!® (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity &

Nutrition): To help children, ages 8–13 years, maintain a healthy weight by providing curricula, tools, 

tips, and other resources to parents, caregivers, communities, and other organizations. Special attention

is directed to black, Latino/Hispanic, and American

Indian/Alaska Native populations.
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Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the 

Institute has prepared publications on CVD prevention 

for minority populations. They include the following:

•	 With Every Heartbeat Is Life: A Community Health 

Worker’s Manual for African Americans

•	 On the Move to Better Heart Health for African 

Americans (easy-to-read booklet on heart healthy

living)

•	 Honoring the Gift of Heart Health: A Heart Health 

Educator Manual for American Indians and Alaska 

Natives

•	 Your Choice for Change: Honoring the Gift of Heart 

Health for American Indians (easy-to-read booklet

on heart healthy living)

•	 Healthy Heart, Healthy Family: A Community 

Health Worker’s Manual for the Filipino Community 

in English and Tagalog

•	 Vietnamese Aspire for Healthy Hearts in Vietnamese 

and English

•	 Your Heart Is Golden: Heart Health Promotion 

Activities for Vietnamese Communities

•	 Your Heart, Your Life: A Health Educator’s Manual 

for the Latino Community in English and Spanish

•	 Healthy Homes, Healthy Hearts Series (six easy-toread English and Spanish booklets on heart healthy

living)

•	 Bringing Heart Health to Latinos: A Guide for 

Building Community Programs

•	 The Heart Truth for African American Women: An 

Action Plan

•	 The Heart Truth for Latinas: An Action Plan

The educational materials listed throughout this chapter can be obtained from the NHLBI public Web site or 

through the NHLBI online catalog.

Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a disorder of the normal rhythms of the 

heart, whereby it beats too fast (tachycardia), too slow 

(bradycardia), or irregularly. The NHLBI is supporting 

basic and genetic research on the mechanisms that underlie cardiac arrhythmias to improve diagnosis, treatment, 

and prevention of arrhythmias in all racial and ethnic 

groups in the United States. One study is investigating 

the genetic basis and electrophysiological mechanisms of 

Ca2+ triggered arrhythmias in inherited diseases and syndromes—such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, long QT syndrome, and hypertrophic 

cardiomyopathy—as a means to improve understanding 

of the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac arrest. Another 

study is evaluating variants of the gene NOS1AP that 

affect the QT interval in various racial and ethnic populations. A third study is evaluating the distributions of 

electrocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation in 

racial and ethnic groups to identify whether minority 

populations may have a higher risk for this arrhythmia

than whites.

Scientists have identified an association between variations in certain receptors that are activated during sympathetic nervous system stimulation and an increased risk

of sudden cardiac death, most often due to ventricular 

arrhythmia. Although significant differences in associated risk of sudden cardiac death were not found between

blacks and whites, continued research is expected to

advance understanding of differences in genetic predisposition for cardiac arrhythmias among racial and ethnic 

groups and ultimately lead to improved therapy.

Investigators identified two mutations in a gene 

encoding the major intracellular calcium release channel in two cases of SIDS. One mutation was identified 

in 1 of 50 black infants and the other in 1 of 83 white

infants. Researchers reported a pathogenic mechanism 

for SIDS, whereby SIDS-linked mutant ion channels

become “leaky” during stress and thus potentially trigger

fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Importantly, researchers have 

found further evidence that cardiac arrhythmias of 

genetic origin contribute to SIDS, a concept that offers a 

chance to prevent some avoidable tragedies.

Heart Failure

Heart failure (heart muscle dysfunction) affects about 

5 million Americans of all ethnicities and is a growing 

public health concern. It is frequently the end result of

other conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and 

prior heart attacks.

The NHLBI is supporting basic and clinical research 

associated with heart failure that will benefit Americans 

of all ethnicities. One Institute-initiated study is facilitating the translation of basic science discoveries into clinical applications:
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•	 Heart Failure Clinical Research Network (see Chapter 9): To develop, coordinate, and conduct multiple 

collaborative proof-of-concept clinical protocols to 

improve heart failure outcomes. The Network has

been expanded to include a historically black medical center with minority investigators and access to 

a high-risk, underserved population.

Investigator-initiated research targeting minority populations includes an examination of the role that impaired ATP 

synthesis and delivery contribute to contractile dysfunction 

in heart failure—30 percent of the participants are from 

racial minority populations; an investigation of genetic 

variations (especially those common in blacks) that

affect individual responses to the beta blocker drugs used

to treat heart failure; a study of underlying genetic variations that result in familial dilated cardiomyopathy, an 

inherited form of heart dysfunction; and a study on 

angioedema—a severe allergic reaction and a life-threatening side effect of ACE-inhibitor drugs that is more common in blacks than in whites. Investigators are determining

the mechanisms that cause this side effect and are studying the genetic profile of affected individuals and their 

families to determine who should avoid taking the drugs.

Individuals with heart failure typically have a poor 

prognosis and a diminished quality of life. Inadequate

health literacy skills, depression, and emotional stress are

common and often associated with poor health outcome. 

One study seeks to determine whether a literacy-sensitive

intervention to improve heart failure self-management 

skills can improve health outcomes, especially in those

with inadequate literacy; 60 percent of the participants

are from racial and ethnic minority populations. Another 

study seeks to determine whether cognitive behavioral

intervention is superior to supportive clinical management for depressed outpatients with heart failure; 30 percent of participants are expected to be black. A third

study is examining the role of emotional stress on heart 

failure exacerbations; currently, two-thirds of the participants is black. A fourth study is investigating whether an

exercise intervention, such as tai chi, can increase physical function, cardiac functional capacity, and quality of

life in patients with heart failure; 40 percent of the participants are expected to come from minority populations.

An investigator-initiated, multicenter observational 

clinical study is being conducted to improve the ability 

of physicians to identify and treat appropriately patients 

who are at high risk for serious complications from heart

failure. Participants will comprise individuals who visit 

the emergency department at one of three hospitals that 

treats racially and socioeconomically diverse patients. 

High Blood Pressure

Etiology

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that 

is especially prevalent and severe among minorities. The 

NHLBI supports a number of investigator-initiated studies 

to identify genes linked to hypertension in blacks, Mexican

Americans, and whites to determine if part of the disparity 

in prevalence can be attributed to genetic differences 

among the groups. Genes under investigation include those 

associated with the renin-angiotensin system, the autonomic nervous system, and sodium transport.

Other gene variants under investigation include those 

associated with adipokine regulatory genes. Based on

evidence of a pro-inflammatory adipokine profile and

markers of vascular injury in obese adolescents with high

blood pressure but not in obese adolescents without high 

blood pressure, scientists are examining the contribution 

of genetic variants in adipokine regulatory genes to the

development of vascular injury and high blood pressure 

in obese black adolescents.

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of high blood pressure is another 

area of investigation. Scientists are conducting epidemiologic studies among participants with diverse ethnicity, 

SES, and dietary habits in four countries to determine the

effect of selected dietary components (proteins, lipids, 

carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, 

sodium, potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine) on 

blood pressure. Another study is seeking to identify the

link between healthy diet, genetic factors, and their

underlying biological mechanisms.

Treatment and Prevention

Identifying effective treatment strategies for various 

populations requires large-scale studies with

representative populations in sufficient numbers.

•	 SPRINT (see Chapter 11): To determine whether

intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure below 

the currently recommended standard will reduce 

the risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases or

age-related cognitive decline. At least 30 percent 

of the participants will be from racial and ethnic 

populations.
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An investigator-initiated ancillary study to ALLHAT, 

the largest hypertension clinical trial conducted by the 

NHLBI, is evaluating the pharmacogenetic response to 

antihypertensive treatment and long-term clinical 

complications in blacks, whites, and Hispanics. Scientists are seeking to determine whether pharmacogenetics

is a feasible approach to personalized therapy for

hypertension.

The Institute also supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies to prevent hypertension and improve 

blood pressure control in racial and ethnic minorities. 

Interventions target both lay and medical communities. 

Strategies being tested include communication skill

enhancement, organizational change, educational programs, lifestyle and nutritional counseling, use of technology, case management, pharmacy-based interventions, 

and provision of care by community health workers and

other nontraditional providers.

Understanding racial differences in blood pressure 

control is an area of major interest for the Institute. 

Scientists are examining whether variations in genes of 

the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predict differences in blood pressure response to diuretic therapy 

among hypertensive blacks and whites. Research is also

focusing on variations in the ACE gene between blacks

and whites to explain racial differences in the antihypertensive responsiveness to ACE inhibitors.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of outreach 

activities to inform minority populations of the importance of blood pressure control. Several publications and 

Web-based products have been developed for and introduced to health professionals, patients, and the public. 

Some examples are:

•	 Plan de Alimentación Saludable Contra la 

Hipertensión: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta Siguiendo el Plan de Alimentación 

Conocida Como DASH (DASH to the Diet: Prevent 

and Control High Blood Pressure Following the 

DASH Eating Plan)

•	 Presión Arterial Alta: NHLBI Diseases and 

Conditions Index

•	 Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta: Lo Que Usted Debe Saber Sobre la 

Prevención y Control de la Presión Arterial Alta 

(Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure: What 

You Should Know)

•	 Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta: Lo Que los Médicos Deben Saber 

(Prevent and Control High Blood Pressure: What 

Every Physician Should Know)

•	 Keep the Beat: Control Your High Blood Pressure in 

English and Spanish

•	 Help Your Heart: Control Your High Blood Pressure

in Tagalog and English

•	 Keep Your Heart in Check—Know Your Blood 

Pressure Number in Vietnamese and English

High Serum Cholesterol

Etiology

The Institute supports investigator-initiated studies to 

identify genes that influence the lipoprotein profile 

within racial and ethnic groups, including blacks,

Hispanics, and American Indians. Research findings 

could offer an explanation for differences in susceptibility to CHD found among racial and ethnic groups. One 

project involving extended families of Mexican 

Americans in the San Antonio Family Heart Study has 

detected and mapped many quantitative trait loci (QTLs)

for CVD risk factors, including some that influence HDL

and LDL levels. Scientists seek to identify the genes for

the QTLs related to lipoproteins. Another study is 

focused on the variation in hepatic lipase activity that 

leads to differences in plasma concentrations of HDL and 

LDL synthesis and catabolism. Researchers are investigating whether racial differences in hepatic lipase activity are responsible for the well-known differences in

plasma HDL concentrations found in blacks and whites. 

Thirty-nine percent of participants are black.

 Prevention

The NHLBI is supporting an investigator-initiated 

study among minority preschool children to track the

long-term effectiveness of nutrition interventions on diet 

and blood cholesterol levels. Additional potential risk

factors—such as increased blood pressure, obesity, and 

intention to smoke—will also be monitored.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on blood cholesterol for minority audiences:
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•	 Do You Know Your Cholesterol Levels? in English

and Spanish

•	 Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

•	 Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes

•	 American Indian and Alaska Native People: Treat 

Your Heart to a Healthy Celebration!

•	 Be Heart Smart: Keep Your Cholesterol in Check in 

Tagalog and English

•	 Serve Up a Healthy Life—Give the Gift of Good 

Nutrition in Vietnamese and English

Obesity

Etiology

Obesity is a major health concern that affects children 

and adults. Minorities—including blacks, Mexican

Americans, and American Indians—are especially at 

risk. Data from the 2003–2006 NHANES show that

33 percent of adults and 16 percent of children aged

2–19 years are obese. Understanding the causes of obesity could lead to effective strategies to combat it.

An investigator-initiated study seeks to elucidate interconnected biological and social pathways associated with 

adolescent obesity and risk for later development of type

2 diabetes and CVD in Latin American youth. The goal 

of the study is to identify modifiable conditions to prevent obesity and related diseases. 

The NHLBI funds several studies that focus on 

genetic risk factors for obesity in one or more minority

populations. Evidence for obesity genes has been identified on chromosomes 5 and 6 in blacks, on chromosome

9 in Mexican Americans, and on chromosome 4 in 

American Indians. In some cases, the results confirm 

those found in European Americans, and in other cases,

they represent novel findings. 

Researchers have found that black and Hispanic children are especially likely to develop sleep apnea. An

investigator-initiated study will assess the role of obesity 

in the development of abnormalities that increase the 

likelihood of developing sleep apnea and whether the

problem can be corrected with weight loss. Blacks comprise 55 percent of participants. Another study is determining whether obese children with sleep apnea are at 

greater risk of cognitive impairment and vascular disease. Forty-five percent of participants are black. 

Many women experience weight gain during the transitional period from pre- to post-menopause. Using data 

and repository specimen resources of the Study of 

Women’s Health Across the Nation, an epidemiologic 

study seeks to characterize the development and progression of CVD risk factors in relation to biochemical markers of obesity metabolism. The study will determine the 

interrelationships between biochemical markers of obesity metabolism, ovarian aging, and CVD risk in a multiethnic population of women aged 42–52 years at 

baseline.

Treatment and Prevention

The NHLBI has initiated programs to test approaches 

for treating or preventing obesity:

•	 POWER (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness

of interventions delivered in routine clinical practice 

on achieving weight loss in obese patients who have 

other CVD risk factors (e.g., hypertension). One

study focuses on a low-income minority population.

•	 EARLY Trials (see Chapter 11): To develop and

evaluate innovative approaches for weight control in 

young adults at high risk for weight gain. Participants will be from ethnically and socioeconomically 

diverse populations.

•	 Translating Basic Behavior and Social Science Discoveries Into Interventions To Reduce Obesity (see 

Chapter 9): To translate findings from basic

research on human behavior into more effective 

clinical, community, and population interventions 

to reduce obesity and improve obesity-related 

behaviors. Some of the studies are expected to 

have 50- to 100-percent participation from minority 

populations.

•	 COPTR Consortium (see Chapter 9): To test

interventions to prevent excess weight gain in 

non-overweight and overweight youth and reduce 

weight in obese and severely obese youth. More 

than 50 percent of participants are expected to be 

from racial and ethnic minority populations.

The Institute supports a number of investigator-initiated studies on the effectiveness of obesity prevention and 

control interventions among diverse populations. One 

study is testing the effectiveness of weight-control interventions (involving diet, physical activity, psychosocial 
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and familial influences) administered during the critical 

transition period from prepuberty to puberty in black girls

at high risk for obesity. Another study in preadolescent

black girls is evaluating the efficacy of an after-school

dance program and a family-based intervention involving 

reduced use of television, videotapes, and video games to 

reduce weight gain. A third study is testing an integrated 

school- and community-based intervention that involves 

physical activity and diet to reduce the prevalence of obesity among Asians, Hispanics, and whites.

Blacks at high risk of CVD often have limited success

in weight loss and lifestyle change programs. A study 

was initiated to examine the role of social support, particularly from family members and friends, to facilitate 

weight loss and related dietary and physical activity 

changes in blacks.

Hispanics are also an important population targeted 

for intervention programs. One project is studying the 

effects of physical activity and dietary behaviors in a 

microenvironment (i.e., home environment) and in a 

macroenvironment (i.e., apartment complex, schools, 

grocery stores, parks, restaurants). Community health

workers (promotoras) are working with the families and

the community to increase awareness and promote environmental change. Another project with strong Hispanic 

participation is evaluating how well an intervention, 

Planned Care for Obesity and Risk Reduction, supports

primary care treatment of obesity in adults with at least 

one other cardiovascular risk factor. The study is seeking

to improve the way primary care providers offer services 

to their patients who are overweight and who also have 

other important medical conditions or health risks, such

as hypertension, smoking, or high cholesterol.

Obesity is one of the major health challenges facing 

Native American children and has serious implications 

for the development of type 2 diabetes. A school-based 

intervention, augmented with a family intervention, is 

focusing on reducing excess weight gain by increasing 

physical activity and healthy dietary practices in kindergarten and first-grade Native American children.

Education

The NHLBI has prepared health information on losing 

excess weight for minorities:

•	 Do You Need To Lose Weight? in English and

Spanish

•	 ¿En Qué Consisten el Sobrepeso y la Obesidad? 

(What Are Overweight and Obesity?) NHLBI Diseases and Conditions Index

•	 Keep the Beat: Aim for a Healthy Weight in Tagalog 

and English

•	 We Can!® (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity &

Nutrition): Many bilingual (English and Spanish)

publications on energy balance are available on the 

Web site at http://wecan.nhlbi.nih.gov

Physical Inactivity

Despite substantial research about the positive impact 

of physical activity on CVD and its risk factors, physical

inactivity is highly prevalent, especially among minority 

populations. Researchers have observed an age-related 

decline in physical activity or aerobic capacity in the 

biracial cohorts of Institute-initiated longitudinal cohort 

studies (National Growth and Health Study and 

CARDIA). Those results, when coupled with findings 

from MESA and HCHS, have helped to increase understanding of the interrelationships of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and CVD-related risk factors

and endpoints, and may provide the basis for more specific evidence-based recommendations on the role of fitness in cardiovascular health among minority children 

and adults.

Physical inactivity among children is often attributed 

to lack of open space, lack of recreational equipment, and

fear by parents for the safety of children playing outdoors. A study is being conducted to determine if an 

intervention that changes these neighborhood features in 

a low-income, inner-city neighborhood will increase 

physical activity in children. Components of CARDIA, 

MESA, and HCHS are also examining the effects of the

neighborhood environment on physical activity. 

A longitudinal follow-up of the Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls is examining the effects of a school–

community joint intervention on physical activity among 

middle school girls. 

A number of investigator-initiated studies are evaluating culturally appropriate interventions to increase physical activity. One study is using lay health advisors to 

increase moderate intensity physical activity among 

Mexican American women, a group with many countervailing family and community influences. Several studies are using faith-based approaches—including 
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community-based participatory research approaches to 

engage church leaders and congregations—to increase 

activity levels in blacks. Other studies are testing culturally targeted interventions in schools or among pregnant 

women and mothers with young children.

Several projects are using mobile phone technology to 

increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors. These studies capitalize on recent advances in communication technologies, such as “smart phones” that

offer a potentially transformative platform to deliver convenient and sustainable adherence strategies.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

for minorities on the importance of physical activity and 

ways to become more physically active:

•	 Sí se Puede: Prevenir y Controlar la Presión 

Arterial Alta con Actividad Física (Move To Prevent 

and Control High Blood Pressure With Physical 

Activity)

•	 American Indian and Alaska Native People: Be 

Active for Your Heart!

•	 Are You at Risk for Heart Disease? in Tagalog and 

English

•	 Be Active for a Healthier Heart in Vietnamese and 

English

•	 We Can!® (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity &

Nutrition): Many bilingual (English and Spanish)

publications on energy balance are available on the 

Web site at http://wecan.nhlbi.nih.gov

The Institute also has developed a Web-based application on physical activity for lay health educators in 

English and Spanish, which can be found at 

http://hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/salud/pa/index.htm.

Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for CHD, stroke,

COPD, and other cardiovascular and respiratory conditions and is the leading cause of preventable death. 

Although considerable progress has been made in reducing smoking rates and providing effective prevention and

cessation interventions, additional research is needed to 

extend these efforts and improve the maintenance of 

behavior change. The Institute has initiated a smoking

intervention program in hospitalized patients.

•	 Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation in

Hospitalized Patients (see Chapter 11): To evaluate

the translation of efficacious smoking cessation

strategies initiated during hospitalization and continued post-discharge into effective programs that can 

be widely implemented in routine clinical practice 

and assess the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. One of the projects will have approximately 

75 percent participation from Asian, Hispanic, and 

black populations.

The NHLBI supports a number of investigator-initiated studies of smoking cessation in underserved populations. One study among predominately black women

who live in public housing neighborhoods is evaluating 

smoking cessation interventions that use a combination

of strategies—including contact with community health 

workers, small-group behavioral counseling, and neighborhood support groups. Another study is assessing the 

efficacy of telemedicine as a way to provide smoking

cessation counseling to primary care patients who live 

in rural areas, and a third study is testing ways to help 

people who have quit involuntarily to maintain their

abstinence. 

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on smoking cessation for minorities:

•	 Enjoy Living Smoke Free in English and Spanish

•	 Be Heart Healthy: Enjoy Living Smoke Free in 

Tagalog and English

•	 Don’t Burn Your Life Away—Be Good to Your Heart 

in Tagalog and English and in Vietnamese and English

Psychosocial Factors

Etiology

A large and consistent body of evidence has demonstrated that psychosocial factors—such as depression, 

stress, and low social support—are associated with elevated risk for CVD and major adverse cardiac events in

heart disease patients. Additionally, race and ethnicity, 

gender, and social class are important factors that can 

influence these associations in important ways. 

The NHLBI is funding research to identify more precisely the nature of the relationship between depression 

and adverse cardiac outcomes and the conditions associated with successful treatment of depression. Research 
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results will guide clinical care and inform future trials of 

depression treatment in heart patients and minority 

patient populations. Studies include defining the biologic pathways that link depression to physiological

mechanisms in post-myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome patients—including inflammatory processes implicated in atherogenesis, autonomic nervous 

system dysfunction, and platelet aggregation and adhesion. Approximately 30 percent of participants are black. 

The Institute is also supporting research among middleaged black and white women to determine whether

depression is associated with the adipocytokines adiponectin and leptin, which are bioactive molecules secreted 

by adipose tissue that play a critical role in atherogenesis 

and metabolic dysregulation. Research results will provide information on how depression affects risk for diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and CVD in women. 

The Institute supports investigator-initiated research 

on the interactions of psychosocial factors with race and 

ethnicity, environmental factors, and low SES in the

development of CHD. Scientists are investigating the 

contribution of biobehavioral factors (hostility, anxiety, 

and heightened cardiovascular reactivity to stress) in the 

etiology, pathogenesis, and course of CHD. Racial differences in stress-induced physiologic responses are also 

being examined. 

The nature of the relationship between acute and 

chronic forms of stress and cardiac morbidity and mortality is particularly relevant to minority populations, 

because stress induced by environmental, social, and discriminatory influences can be significant. One study is 

investigating whether the effect of acute and chronic exposure to established risk factors (depressive symptoms,

major life events, and lack of social support) for CVD over

a 5-year period is related to a 2-year increase of subclinical CVD in a sample of women undergoing menopause. 

Fifty-four percent of participants will be black. Another

study is examining whether racial disparity in AMIrecovery outcomes in older individuals is partially due to 

stress related to age and racial stigmas. Fifty percent of 

the population will be black. Other studies are seeking to

clarify the physiologic pathways through which stress 

affects cardiovascular outcomes—including hemodynamic, sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine 

mechanisms, and inflammatory processes. The ultimate 

goal is to determine whether stress management interventions can alter these physiological indicators and 

improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Additional research supported by the Institute includes 

studies that are addressing the genetic basis of behavioral 

risk factors and the relationships between risk-promoting

variables (psychosocial stress, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, lack of adherence to cardiac medications),

presumed mediating variables (sympathetic nervous system activity and insulin metabolism), and CHD risk

factors.

Treatment

The Institute supports several investigator-initiated 

studies to develop and evaluate interventions that seek to

improve cardiovascular outcomes. One study is seeking

to determine the efficacy of a personalized health plan

intervention that incorporates mind–body techniques targeted at reducing various risk factors for CVD—such as

insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, and selfreported negative effect. Participants select their own 

goals on which to focus, and the intervention is tailored 

to their individual risk profile. Twenty-nine percent of

participants will be from minority populations. Another 

study is evaluating the effectiveness of stress management training combined with exercise-based cardiac 

rehabilitation as a way to reduce stress in vulnerable cardiac patients. Approximately 25 percent of participants 

are black. A third study is developing and evaluating an

intervention among racial minorities that reduces the 

impact of bias by reducing stereotypic perceptions that 

render patients and providers less able to communicate 

effectively and impair the effect of the visit to improve 

patient self-management behavior. Additional studies are 

investigating whether stress management in a high-risk

population of blacks with hypertension can influence cardiovascular risk factors.

Diabetes

Etiology

Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for CVD. 

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are 2- to 4-times more 

likely to be at risk for CHD than the general population. 

Using GWASs, investigators have identified several 

genetic variants for CHD in the general population. An 

investigator-initiated study is seeking to identify new

genetic variants for excessive risk of CHD in diabetic

patients, assess the genetic effects on intermediate biochemical changes, and examine gene–environment interactions. One of the data sources will come from the 

Costa Rican Diabetes–CHD case-control study. 
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Two studies are determining the associations of 

fetuin-A with CVD mortality and diabetes. Fetuin-A is 

a protein that may simultaneously inhibit vascular calcification and promote insulin resistance and diabetes. 

One of the studies will use data from MESA. 

Treatment and Prevention

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among 

patients with diabetes or treat patients with coronary 

artery disease and diabetes:

•	 ACCORD (see Chapter 11): To evaluate the benefits of different therapies to reduce CVD in type 2

diabetes. More than one-third of participants are 

from minority populations.

•	 Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study─Phase

II (see Chapter 11): To determine the efficacy of

treatments to prevent or delay the development of type 

2 diabetes in a population at high risk due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance. Forty-five percent

of participants will be from minority populations.

•	 Look AHEAD (see Chapter 11): To test the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in obese participants with type 2 diabetes over a long-term period. 

One of the clinical centers will direct its interventions toward American Indians.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on diabetes for minorities:

•	 Protect Your Heart Against Diabetes in English and

Spanish

•	 Protect Your Heart: Prevent and Control Diabetes 

in Tagalog and English

Lung Diseases

The NHLBI supports research on a number of lung 

diseases—such as asthma, COPD, sarcoidosis, TB, and 

HIV-related lung diseases—which disproportionately 

affect minorities. The following section provides examples of research to address health disparities in lung diseases; selected sleep disorders are also included.

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and 

narrows the airways. It affects people of all ages, but it 

most often starts in childhood. In the United States, more 

than 22 million people are known to have asthma, and

more than 6 million of them are children. Prevalence

rates are especially high in blacks and Puerto Ricans.

Etiology and Pathophysiology

The NHLBI has initiated several studies to determine 

the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma:

• CAMP-CS (see Chapter 9): To follow the original

CAMP cohort to determine clinical and genetic risk

factors for patterns in the decline of lung function 

that are indicative of chronic air flow obstruction in

later adulthood. Thirty-one percent of the participants are from minority populations.

•	 Severe Asthma Research Program: To determine

the mechanistic basis for severe asthma and to determine how it differs from mild-to-moderate asthma. 

Several of the projects have strong minority 

participation.

•	 Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted

Therapeutics in Human Asthma: To investigate the 

complex role that airway smooth muscle plays in the

development of asthma and identify innovative therapeutic targets. Two projects expect 30 to 50 percent of participants to be from minority populations.

•	 Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To Prevent Childhood Asthma (see Chapter 9): To determine whether supplemental vitamin 

D intake to increase the level of Vitamin D in pregnant women will prevent asthma and allergy in their 

children at age 3 years. Currently, 70 percent of the 

participants in one project are from racial and ethnic 

minority populations.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma. One 

study will identify genetic, biologic, and immunologic 

characteristics and environmental exposures that interact 

in children who experience severe bronchiolitis caused 

by the respiratory syncytial virus early in life and determine their role in the subsequent development of asthma,

airway hyperreactivity, and allergy. Forty percent of participants will be black. Another study will examine the

relationship between selected genetic and environmental 

factors and asthma in Puerto Rican children. A third 

study will identify the genetic basis for differences 

between blacks and whites in asthma susceptibility and

development (e.g., risk of exacerbations).
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A new study is focused on the possible common 

genetic determinants for obesity and asthma. It will 

identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that 

are jointly associated with asthma and obesity, using data 

from the CAMP study, and subsequently validate the

SNPs in three independent and ethnically diverse 

(Hispanic, black, and white) cohorts. 

Environmental factors are known to trigger asthma

symptoms. An investigator-initiated study is focusing on 

understanding the mechanisms by which occupational or 

environmental factors trigger the onset of asthma among 

low-income, urban blacks and Hispanics. Another study

is examining multiple environmental stressors in a predominantly disadvantaged population to determine the 

effects of maternal stressors and environmental factors in 

the onset of asthma in early childhood. A third study is 

examining the reasons why children from lower SES

groups suffer from worse asthma than children from 

higher SES groups. The goal is to develop models of

how the social environment affects the onset and severity 

of childhood asthma and eventually build interventions 

to ameliorate these effects.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

drug strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the burden of asthma disproportionately affects 

minority children, it is important for them to be well represented in clinical trials.

•	 AsthmaNet (see Chapter 11): To develop and conduct multiple clinical trials to identify optimal therapies for a variety of asthma phenotypes, genotypes, 

and racial and ethnic backgrounds in pediatric and

adult populations. Approximately 30 percent of 

participants will be from minority populations.

•	 STAN (see Chapter 9): To determine whether treatment of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis with nasal steroids will improve the control of asthma. One-third 

of participants are expected to be from minority 

populations.

•	 SOYA (see Chapter 9): To determine whether supplementation with soy isoflavones among persons

with poorly controlled asthma improves both lung 

function and markers of airway inflammation. Onethird of participants are expected to be from minority populations. 

•	 Study of Acid Reflux Therapy for Children With

Asthma (see Chapter 9): To investigate whether an 

approved proton-pump inhibitor lansoprazole will

reduce asthma exacerbations in children with poorly 

controlled asthma. Two-thirds of participants are 

from racial and ethnic minority populations.

The Institute is also supporting investigator-initiated 

studies focusing on finding effective treatment for various populations. One study in whites, blacks, and

Hispanics is creating an asthma self-management skills

training program for children and their parents. The program is being created for Web, CD–ROM, and DVD formats and focuses on improving understanding of asthma, 

preventing asthma attacks, and creating an asthma management plan. Another study will assess an asthma selfmanagement intervention in Puerto Rican children; the 

intervention is delivered to families by Puerto Rican 

community health workers. The intervention will tailor a

standard asthma core curriculum to family needs and cultural beliefs. A third study will seek to improve health

among urban black adolescents with asthma. This study

will use peer support—enhanced by a culturally sensitive, technology-based MP3 player platform—to increase 

adherence to daily controller medications. A fourth study 

will evaluate a Web-based intervention program that 

addresses asthma management and avoidance of tobacco 

use in rural, black adolescent boys.

Many individuals with asthma have poor disease management. A new study will determine whether a multifaceted prompting intervention, administered in urban 

primary care offices, reduces morbidity among urban 

children with asthma. Fifty percent of participants will 

be black. The intervention, designed to stimulate communication between caregivers and clinicians, includes 

information about the patient’s asthma severity or level 

of control and individualized guideline-based recommendations for care. Another study to improve asthma 

management will use a highly tailored telephone counseling approach to foster a partnership between women 

and a clinician. Black women will be the target of this

study. A third study will evaluate the efficacy of an evidence-based lifestyle weight loss intervention on asthma 

control among obese adults. Thirty-six percent of participants will be from minority populations. 

Education

The Institute is supporting several education activities. 

It has developed easy-to-read materials on asthma treatment and control directed to English and Spanish audiences with low literacy:
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•	 Facts About Controlling Your Asthma

•	 El Asma: Cómo Controlar Esta Enfermedad (Facts 

About Controlling Your Asthma)

•	 ¿Qué Es el Asma? (What Is Asthma?)

The Institute also disseminates clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and monitoring of asthma, patient 

education materials, and information on environmental 

control of allergens in the United States and throughout 

the world. It has developed several asthma education 

programs that are directed at controlling asthma in black

and Hispanic children. For example, A Tailored Asthma 

Education Program for Urban Teens II is evaluating a

school-based approach to motivate black students to

change negative behaviors related to asthma management. The Institute supports projects that focus on innovative techniques to improve adherence to medical

regimes among minorities and people living in poverty 

and address methods to improve physician adherence to 

clinical practice guidelines. 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD—a disease in which the lungs are damaged, 

making breathing difficult—is the fourth leading cause

of death in the United States. It is responsible for more 

than 500,000 hospitalizations and 100,000 deaths in the

United States each year. 

Etiology

The NHLBI is supporting a large, investigator-initiated 

study of genetic factors that determine the risk of developing COPD or that influence the type and extent of 

damage done to the body by the disease. The 

COPDGeneTM study will enroll approximately 3,500 

blacks with a substantial history of cigarette smoking,

obtain extensive baseline clinical and phenotypic data 

regarding the individuals, and compare the severity and 

character of COPD in the subjects to analyses of their 

DNA. Genome-wide genetic assays will be performed 

on a substantial fraction of this cohort.

Although COPD is less common among blacks than

among whites, it is nevertheless the seventh leading 

cause of death among blacks. Any disparity, whether

higher or lower in the minority group, may reflect racial 

differences in the biology of the disease that would require

use of different treatments or drugs for optimal disease 

management. If the genes found to be determinants of 

COPD risk differ in blacks and whites, this will provide

clues to how the roles of specific pathogenetic pathways 

of COPD differ among races.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has established a research network to

determine effective disease management approaches for 

individuals with moderate-to-severe COPD:

•	 COPD Clinical Research Network (see Chapter 11): 

To perform collaborative, therapeutic interventional 

trials of medications, devices, and disease management strategies in individuals with moderate-tosevere COPD. In addition to evaluating treatment 

efficacy, network studies include examinations of

genetic factors, biomarkers, or genomic/proteomic

profiles that may identify patients who are more or

less likely to benefit from various treatments.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of outreach 

activities associated with COPD. Several publications 

and Web-based products have been developed for and 

distributed to health professionals, patients, and the public. Some examples include:

•	 COPD education Web site: http://www.nhlbi.nih.

gov/health/public/lung/copd/index.htm

•	 COPD Learn More Breathe Better Campaign

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown

etiology characterized by persistent granulomas with

damage to surrounding tissue. The Institute has initiated 

a program to determine the immunopathogenesis of 

granulomatous inflammation found in sarcoidosis, 

including the role of predisposing factors, the immune 

components involved in the formation of granulomas, 

and the defective regulatory immune response.

Sarcoidosis occurs more frequently and with more

severity in blacks than in whites, suggesting the presence

of genetic determinants to disease predisposition. To 

increase understanding of the disease, researchers are 

seeking to identify genes of African ancestry that play a

significant role in the etiology and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Other possible causes of sarcoidosis are also 

being investigated. One study is examining the potential 

role of a mycobacterial etiology of sarcoidosis, and 
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another study is seeking to elucidate mechanisms

involved in the immunologic and inflammatory processes 

that ultimately lead to end-stage fibrosis in progressive 

pulmonary sarcoidosis. Most participants are black.

A mentored research project conducted within the 

Black Women’s Health Study is investigating potential

risk factors for sarcoidosis.

Sleep Disorders

Etiology

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive interruption in breathing, is a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks. It is

associated with an increased risk of CVD, including

hypertension and stroke, and is particularly prevalent in

patients with heart failure. Ongoing programs are assessing the interrelationship between sleep disorders and 

heart failure and the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular stress when the two intersect.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated projects to elucidate cardiovascular and other health consequences of SDB, sleep deprivation, and shift work in

various community settings. Characterization of how

SDB occurs within family groups is helping to identify 

potential genetic risk factors that may allow early identification and treatment of high-risk individuals. A community-based study of sleep in Hispanics is assessing the 

prevalence of sleep apnea.

Treatment and Control

The Institute initiated a clinical trial to determine 

whether adenotonsillectomy is an effective treatment for 

SDB in children:

•	 Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep Apnea (see Chapter 9): 

To assess the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy as a

treatment for SDB in children aged 5 to 9 years. 

Seventy percent of participants are from minority 

and ethnic populations.

Investigator-initiated research will assess treatment 

strategies in minorities. One study is seeking to develop

in-home personalized sleep plans that can improve

nightly sleep duration, neurocognitive function, and 

behavioral disorders in lower income minority children 

(ages 5 to 6 years). Another study is examining the effect

of a sleep apnea treatment (positive airway pressure therapy) on biological markers of CVD risk, including

inflammation and metabolism. More than 50 percent of 

study participants are from minority populations.

Education

The NHLBI published Your Guide to Healthy Sleep, 

which provides the latest information about sleep apnea 

and other sleep disorders, including insomnia, restless 

legs syndrome, and narcolepsy.

HIV-Related Lung Diseases

HIV infection disproportionately affects minority populations in the United States and due to multidrug antiretroviral therapy, has become a chronic condition for many 

patients. Among them, HIV-associated lung complications are frequent causes of illness and death. But the

long-term consequences of HIV infection and HIVassociated lung infections and complications are unknown. 

Little is known about drug-resistant Pneumocystis, the

prevalence and pathogenesis of HIV-associated COPD, 

HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension, and immune 

reconstitution syndromes. In developing countries where 

millions of people are HIV-infected, many have serious 

or fatal lung complications, including TB and bacterial 

pneumonias, that have never been well characterized.

Etiology

In addition to supporting investigator-initiated 

research on the etiology and pathogenesis of HIVassociated lung diseases, the Institute has initiated 

research to understand their causes and impact and to 

identify potential therapeutic targets and preventive 

strategies:

•	 The Mechanisms of HIV-Related Pulmonary Complications: To encourage innovative research on the 

roles of co-infections, immune factors, and genetic 

predisposition in the pathogenesis of HIV-related 

pulmonary diseases. A number of the projects have 

strong minority participation. 

•	 Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and Complications: To accelerate research on 

lung complications associated with HIV-infection by 

characterizing lung infections, other HIV-associated

lung complications, and their consequences in longitudinal studies in existing HIV-infected cohorts and 

other established groups of patients who are HIVinfected. Depending on the center, participation 
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from minority populations ranges from approximately 40 to 100 percent.

•	 Mechanisms and Management of Cardiovascular

and Metabolic Complications of HIV/AIDS: To 

elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metabolic 

and anthropometric abnormalities seen in HIV 

infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy and 

their relationship to CVD risk; to evaluate new and

existing biomarkers and imaging modalities in the

assessment of coronary artery disease and risk in

HIV patients; and to identify treatment strategies 

and interventional approaches to reduce cardiovascular risk while optimizing the medical management

of HIV infection. Enrollment from minority populations is expected to range from approximately 30 to 

more than 70 percent.

•	 Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in

HIV-Infected Individuals and HIV-Uninfected Controls (see Chapter 9): To characterize the microbiome

of the lung alone or in combination with the upper airways in HIV-infected individuals and matched HIVuninfected controls using molecular techniques to

identify bacteria and if possible other organisms 

(e.g., viruses, cell-wall deficient organisms, protozoa, and fungi). Enrollment from minority populations is expected to range from 35 to 76 percent.

Tuberculosis

TB is a common and often deadly infectious disease 

caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 

the United States, an estimated 10 to 15 million people 

are infected with the TB bacteria. The rates among 

minorities and in the foreign-born remain high. In 2008, 

according to the CDC, more than 58 percent of all active 

TB cases in the United States were among the foreignborn. Racial disparity in TB rates was greatest for U.S.-

born blacks, whose rate was 7-times higher than the rate

for U.S.-born whites.

Etiology

The immune response to TB infection is complex and 

involves the formation of granulomas in the lungs of 

infected individuals. In 2008, as part of the NHLBI 

Exploratory Program in Systems Biology, the Institute

initiated a study that uses multiscale computational models and multisystem approaches to improve understanding of the role of granuloma formation in TB. In 2010, it 

began a systems biology approach to the mechanisms of 

TB latency and reactivation.

•	 Systems Biology Approach to the Mechanisms of

TB Latency and Reactivation: To investigate mechanisms of latency and reactivation of TB in the host 

using integrated systems biology approaches. A collaborative program consisting of five Tuberculosis

Systems Biology Centers and a Data Coordinating 

Center will integrate data from humans and animal 

models with computational and mathematical models in a comprehensive systems biology approach to 

increase understanding of latent TB and the factors 

that lead to its reactivation. Depending on the center, minority enrollment in the U.S. populations 

being studied is expected to range from approximately 30 to 66 percent. Several of the grants in

this program will study international populations in 

Africa and Asia.

The Institute also supports investigator-initiated 

research that characterizes genes associated with TB susceptibility; investigates host lung defenses, including 

immune responses to infection; and examines the effect 

of TB on HIV disease. A new genetics study will finemap chromosomal regions that have been linked to resistance to TB. Investigators will also analyze innate

immune responses and model genetic predictors of resistance using data from a long-term household contact 

study conducted in Uganda.

Treatment and Control

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies focused on understanding the relationship between the immune system and TB. Most of the 

studies are being conducted among patients from 

minority populations. Included among them are studies 

to compare susceptibility to TB in populations in Mexico 

and Peru and examine the role of interferon-gamma in 

the pathogenesis of TB among Hispanics with and 

without HIV.

Blood Diseases

The NHLBI supports basic, translational, and clinical 

research on SCD and thalassemia (Cooley’s anemia) with 

the goal of curing the disorders and improving patient 

care. The Institute also supports a deep vein thrombosis 

and venous disease program.
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Sickle Cell Disease

Basic and Translational Research

SCD, the most common inherited blood disorder in 

the United States, affects an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 

Americans, most of whom are black. SCD occurs in

about 1 in 500 blacks and 1 in 36,000 Hispanics. The

disease is characterized by anemia, severe infections,

acute and chronic pain, and organ damage. SCD, the 

first molecular disease described, was shown to be due to 

a single amino acid substitution on the beta chain of 

hemoglobin. 

Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported an extensive 

research program to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of SCD, identify better approaches for its 

diagnosis and treatment, and prevent complications.

Basic and translational research currently focuses on 

genetic influences on disease manifestations, regulation 

of hemoglobin synthesis, discovery of drugs to increase 

fetal hemoglobin production, transplantation of bloodforming stem cells, gene therapy, pain research, and 

development of animal models for preclinical studies. 

Institute-initiated programs include:

•	 BTRP (see Chapter 9): To conduct comprehensive

research, training, and education efforts related to 

SCD. The BTRP seeks to improve understanding of

SCD pathophysiology and develop cures or 

improved medical management of the disease. 

•	 Genome-Wide Association Studies in Sickle Cell

Anemia and in Centenarians: To investigate common genes involved in subphenotypes of SCD and 

centenarians. Scientists seek to identify genetic

associations with specific clinical features in the two

populations and subsequently compare the two datasets for differences and similarities. Research results 

could lead to improved treatment for SCD and 

increased understanding of the genetic components 

that enhance healthy aging.

•	 Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials: To conduct

time-sensitive ancillary studies in conjunction with 

ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials or network clinical trials related to heart, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. One study seeks to identify

genetic variations underlying Rh antigenic diversity 

in patients who have SCD. Research findings will

be used to develop high throughput microchips to 

screen for matching donors and recipients prior to 

blood transfusion. Another study employs proteomic approaches to identify biomarkers of early

cerebral ischemia in children who have SCD. Identifying such circulating biomarkers could allow earlier therapeutic intervention in these children.

Investigator-initiated studies include a project to 

examine the relationships between analgesia, biomarkers,

and pain levels in adults with SCD. Researchers are 

seeking to understand the efficacy of analgesic treatment

and determine whether novel serum biomarkers can be

identified as useful tools for future studies in SCD pain 

crisis. Another project is investigating the mechanisms 

underlying pain in SCD to develop more effective pain 

therapies. Scientists are using a mouse model of SCD to 

examine peripheral and spinal mechanisms that contribute to pain related to SCD. 

Gene therapy is another area of focus. One project is 

exploring lentiviral gene therapy for SCD, and another is 

studying the application of induced pluripotent stem cell 

technology to replace the defective sickle beta-globin gene

with a normal gene in a SCD mouse model. Researchers 

are seeking to translate their results to human cells that will

become the foundation for future clinical trials.

Clinical Research

The NHLBI is committed to finding improved 

treatments and ultimately a cure for SCD and other 

hemoglobinopathies. Institute-initiated studies have 

begun to yield therapies that will alleviate the symptoms 

of sickle cell anemia and procedures that should

ultimately provide a cure.

•	 BABY HUG (see Chapter 11): To assess the effectiveness of hydroxyurea over a 2-year treatment 

period in preventing onset of chronic organ damage 

in young black children who have sickle cell anemia. Although the primary goals of preserving 

spleen and renal function were not achieved, data 

show markedly reduced numbers of vaso-oclusive

events and improved hematologic counts. An observational study is following the cohort to learn more 

about the long-term effects of hydroxyurea.

•	 Adult Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement

Information System: To develop, validate, and 

disseminate a sickle cell-specific quality-of-life

measurement tool that is a partner with and complementary to the NIH Roadmap Patient-Reported 

Outcomes Measurement Information System.
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•	 Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in

Sickle Cell Disease: To conduct basic and translational research on the neurobiology of pain in SCD 

and develop effective pharmacology treatments. 

The NHLBI terminated two Institute-initiated studies 

early. The Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated

Pulmonary Hypertension was stopped in July 2009,

nearly 1 year early, based on recommendations from the 

Data and Safety Monitoring Board. After a review of 

interim data, the Board found that patients who received 

sildenafil were more likely to have serious medical problems compared with patients who received a placebo. 

The large multicenter cohort with a well-characterized

cardiovascular phenotype continues to be a monitored as 

an off-study drug in an observational follow-up study 

that includes clinical monitoring, development and maintenance of a biorepository, and DNA analyses (with consent) for GWASs. 

The SWiTCH study was stopped in June 2010, after

the Data and Safety Monitoring Board reviewed interim 

results and raised safety concerns. The trial compared an 

experimental treatment of hydroxyurea and phlebotomy 

versus standard treatment of blood transfusions plus chelation in children with SCD who had both experienced a 

stroke and iron overload. The new approach was no better than the standard treatment and did not reduce the risk

of recurrent stroke.

The NHLBI supports several transplant-related clinical studies that seek to reach minority populations:

•	 Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research

Network (BMT CRN) (see Chapter 11): In collaboration with the NCI, to perform clinical trials to 

advance hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To 

reach minority populations, the Network supports

bilingual transplant center personnel and provides 

public Web pages and educational materials. In 

addition, the Network is working with the National

Marrow Donor Program to develop strategies and 

implement procedures to enhance enrollment of 

patients from minority groups.

•	 The Sickle Cell Unrelated Transplant Trial: To

assess unrelated donor marrow and umbilical cord 

blood transplantation for severe SCD. The trial, 

supported by the BMT CRN and the Sickle Cell

Disease Clinical Research Network, is the first

Phase II study to assess the promise of this therapy 

as a curative option for patients who are severely 

affected by SCD.

The Institute is supporting two investigator-initiated 

treatment clinical trials for children with sickle cell anemia. One trial in children with abnormal transcranial 

Doppler (TCD) velocities is comparing standard therapy 

(transfusions) with alternative therapy (hydroxyurea) for 

maintenance of TCD velocities. The other trial is seeking to determine the effect of hydroxyurea treatment on 

the cumulative incidence of conversion from conditional 

to abnormal TCD velocities.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of publications 

on SCD that target minorities:

•	 Datos Sobre La Anemia Falciforme (Facts About 

Sickle Cell Anemia)

•	 Fact Sheet: Hydroxyurea in Pediatric Patients With 

Sickle Cell Disease

•	 Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia

•	 Patient Fact Sheet: The Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia (MSH)

•	 Management and Therapy of Sickle Cell Disease

Thalassemia

Thalassemia is an inherited disorder of red blood cells 

whereby abnormal forms of hemoglobin are produced. 

The disorder, which results in excessive destruction of 

red blood cells and anemia, affects primarily people of 

African, Asiatic Indian, Chinese, Mediterranean, and 

Southeast Asian origin.

The Institute recently entered into an Interagency 

Agreement with the CDC to develop a registry of 

patients with hemoglobinopathies:

•	 RuSH (see Chapter 10): To establish a national surveillance system to determine the number of individuals diagnosed with hemoglobinopathies—

including SCD, thalassemia, and hemoglobin E diseases—in the United States. During the initial 

phase, investigators will collect public health surveillance data—such as demographic information 

(e.g., sex, race, and ethnicity), birth and death 

records, and newborn screening data—and information on availability and use of health care services. 

During the second phase, investigators will develop 
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Chapter 12. Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities

a registry and biorepository to make available

knowledge about disease management and natural

history and to provide consented research specimens 

for genetic and clinical studies. 

The NHLBI supports research efforts that include 

developing oral chelators to remove iron overload by 

repetitive transfusion therapy, testing drugs to enhance 

fetal hemoglobin production, and examining hematopoetic transplantation and gene therapy approaches to cure 

the disease. 

In 2006, the Institute established the NHLBI Clinical

Hematology Research Career Development Program to 

support career development of clinical researchers in nonmalignant clinical hematology, including Cooley’s 

anemia.

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Venous Disease

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition that 

can cause significant disability and death if not promptly 

diagnosed and effectively treated. Approximately 2 to 3 

million individuals in the United States develop venous 

thromboembolism each year, and of them, 60,000 die primarily of pulmonary embolism. The Institute initiated a 

program to improve the understanding of DVT and 

venous disease. 

•	 Deep Vein Thrombosis and Venous Disease: To

improve diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of 

venous thrombotic diseases to enhance patient 

health and well-being. One of the eight projects is 

assessing the safety, efficacy, dosing, and pharmacokinetics of bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor,

in children who have an acute DVT. Seventy percent of participants are from racial and ethnic 

minority populations.

Warfarin sodium, an anticoagulant drug, is prescribed 

to millions of patients each year to prevent thromboembolism. However, warfarin has an unusually narrow 

therapeutic range and is difficult to dose properly. To 

address this problem, the Institute is supporting several 

investigator-initiated studies to determine environmental 

and genetic factors that influence patient response to 

warfarin. Fifty to 60 percent of participants are from

racial and ethnic minority populations. 

 161 

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 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Program (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

Graduate Training

Program (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

 13. Research Training and Career

 Development Programs 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 Number of Trainees 

 NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

 * National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

 NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

 *

 National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

 Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements. 

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

Fiscal Year 

 2,000

 1,800

 1,600

 1,400

 1,200

 1,000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0 

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

 Research Career 

Programs

 Fellowship Programs 

(NRSA)*

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

Fiscal Year 

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

 Research Career 

Programs

 Fellowship Programs 

(NRSA)*

 90

 80

 70

 60

 50

 40

 30

 20

 10

 0 
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 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2010

 Number 

of Awards 

Obligated 

 Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost 

 Indirect

Cost Total Cost 

 Percent 

of Total 

NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars 

 Fellowship Programs 

 Individual Predoctoral NRSA for 

M.D./Ph.D. (F30) 

85 85 $ 3,024,002 $ — $ 3,024,002 3.2%

 Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31) 62 62 2,094,564 — 2,094,564 2.2

 Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32) 128 128 6,558,839 — 6,558,839 6.8

 Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) — — — — — —

 Subtotal, Fellowships 275 275 11,677,405 — 11,677,405 9.0

 Graduate Training Programs 

 Institutional NRSA (T32) 240 1,660 75,071,965 6,246,260 81,318,225* 85.8

 Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 4 26 990,147 59,938 1,050,085 1.1

 Off-Quarter Professional Student

Training NRSA (T34, T35) 

15 91 1,771,638 169,619 1,941,257 2.0

 Short-Term Training for Minority

Students (T35M) 

—— — —— —

 Subtotal, Graduate Training Programs 259 1,777 77,833,750 6,475,817 84,309,567 88.9

 Total, Training Programs 534 2,052 $89,511,155 $6,475,817 $95,986,972 100.0%

 *

 Excludes assessment of $1,976,000.
 163 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

 Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Fellowship Programs 

 Individual Predoctoral 

NRSA for M.D./Ph.D. 

(F30) 

 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 641 $ 2,191 $ 3,024

 Predoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F31) 

 248 264 478 563 549 794 1,202 1,509 1,888 2,009 2,094

 Postdoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F32) 

 8,517 8,515 8,887 7,868 8,128 8,813 8,790 6,684 6,487 6,012 6,559

 Senior Fellowships 

NRSA (F33) 

 92 147 84 112 144 58 53 — 59 118 — 

 Subtotal, Fellowships 8,857 8,926 9,449 8,543 8,821 9,665 10,045 8,193 9,075 10,330 11,677

 Graduate Training 

Programs 

 Institutional NRSA 

(T32) 

 50,507A 58,516B 62,999C 69,951D 71,229E 70,524F 71,831G 78,343H 80,373I

 81,453J 81,319K

 Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32) 

 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780 688 349 1,050

 Off-Quarter 

Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, 

T35) 

 966 1,974 1,987 1,975 1,993 2,233 2,215 2,411 2,021 2,202 1,941

 MARC (T36) 5 5 — — — — — — — — —

 Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students 

(T35M) 

 2,570 1,877 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,527 1,673 804 283 —

 Subtotal, Training 

Grants 

 55,215 63,368 68,135 75,526 76,627 76,917 77,316 83,207 83,886 84,287 84,310

 Total, Training 

Programs 

 $64,072A $72,294B $77,584C $84,069D $85,448E $86,582F $87,361G $91,400H $92,961I

 $94,617J $95,987K

 A Excludes Assessment of $1,280,000.

 B Excludes Assessment of $1,424,000.

 C Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

 D Excludes Assessment of $1,716,000.

 E Excludes Assessment of $1,744,000.

 F Excludes Assessment of $1,764,000.

 G Excludes Assessment of $1,818,000.

 H Excludes Assessment of $1,916,000.

 I Excludes Assessment of $1,912,000.

J Excludes Assessment of $1,960,000.

K Excludes Assessment of $1,976,000.
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 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Fellowship Programs 

 Individual Predoctoral NRSA for 

M.D./Ph.D. (F30) 

 — — — — — — — — 20 63 85 

 Predoctoral Individual 

NRSA (F31) 

 11 12 18 19 18 25 32 44 56 59 62 

 Postdoctoral Individual NRSA 

(F32) 

 225 208 194 164 168 176 171 130 125 118 128 

 Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 2 3 2 2 3 1 2 — 1 2 — 

 Subtotal, Fellowships 238 223 214 185 189 202 205 174 202 242 275 

 Graduate Training Programs 

 Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,368 1,425 1,482 1,542 1,578 1,540 1,512 1,585 1,525 1,602 1,660 

 Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32) 

 48 43 39 42 32 35 26 23 18 19 26 

 Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35) 

 51 109 179 93 99 95 104 105 93 102 91 

 Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M) 

 136 93 30 107 119 128 99 77 48 24 — 

 Subtotal, Training Grants 1,603 1,670 1,730 1,784 1,828 1,798 1,741 1,790 1,684 1,747 1,777 

 Total, Training Positions 1,841 1,893 1,944 1,969 2,017 2,000 1,946 1,964 1,886 1,989 2,052 
 165 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01) 

 29 44 54 47 46 45 40 35 35 37 47 

 Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01) 

 11 9 2 7 6 4 4 5 7 5 6 

 Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01) 

 — — — 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 — 

 Independent Scientist Award (K02) 27 34 33 32 31 32 24 25 22 19 19 

 Research Career Development Award (K04) 1 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Research Career Award (K06) 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 — — — — 

 Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Disease Academic 

Award (K07) 

 1 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 9 5 — — — — — — — — — 

 Sleep Academic Award (K07) 20 12 8 — — — — — — — — 

 Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 19 19 19 9 9 — — — — — — 

 Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic

Award (K07) 

 — — — — — — — 4 4 4 4 

 Cultural Competence and Health Disparities 

Academic Award (K07) 

 — — — — 8 14 18 18 18 9 4 

 Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 257 241 236 240 229 239 226 214 210 232 218 

 Vascular Medicine Research Career 

Development Program (K12) 

 — — — — — — 2 7 7 7 — 

 Clinical Hematology Research Career 

Development Program (K12) 

 — — — — — — 6 6 6 6 6 

 Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases

Career Development Program (K12) 

 — — — — — — — 8 8 8 8 

 Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14) 4 1 — — — — — — — — — 

 Research Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K14) 

 7 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18) 

 — — — 1 5 3 2 4 6 3 4 

 NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — — 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23) 

 36 58 90 110 122 127 122 120 133 149 160 

 Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24) 

 20 27 37 38 32 32 33 29 29 34 35 

 Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25) 

 — 2 7 9 12 17 16 15 15 15 15 

 Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) 16 55 55 55 55 —*

 14 16 — — — 

 Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — — — 24 47 42 64 

 Total, Research Career Programs 459 509 543 552 559 519 512 534 549 572 591 

 *

 In FY 2005, NHLBI relinquished management of the K30 program and as a result did not receive the grant count. 
 166 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K01) 

 $ 3,650 $ 5,556 $ 5,711 $ 6,156 $ 6,150 $ 6,088 $ 5,453 $ 4,718 $ 4,574 $ 4,745 $ 6,089 

 Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award (K01) 

 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867 588 567 698 949 663 804

 Mentored Scientist Development 

Award in Research Ethics (K01) 

 — — — 255 253 355 358 357 102 164 62 

 Independent Scientist Award (K02) 2,350 3,202 3,130 3,099 3,079 3,218 2,421 2,511 2,184 1,880 1,847 

 Research Career Development 

Award (K04) 

 69 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Research Career Award (K06) 70 70 69 69 34 34 34 — — — — 

 Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular 

Diseases Academic Award (K07) 

 113 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 745 396 — — — — — — — — — 

 Sleep Academic Award (K07) 1,760 1,081 722 — — — — — — — — 

 Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 2,829 2,869 2,906 1,472 1,516 — — — — — — 

 Pediatrics Transfusion Medicine 

Academic Award (K07) 

 — — — — — — — 486 486 486 486 

 Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award (K07) 

 — — — — 925 1,620 2,109 2,232 2,197 1,138 562 

 Clinical Investigator Development 

Award (K08) 

 30,189 29,263 29,295 30,288 29,037 30,429 28,973 27,286 27,005 29,706 28,165 

 Vascular Medicine Research Career 

Development Program (K12) 

 — — — — — — 772 3,206 5,499 7,325 —

 Clinical Hematology Research Career 

Development Program (K12) 

 — — — — — — 2,360 2,367 2,364 2,375 2,371 

 Genetics and Genomics of Lung 

Diseases Career Development 

Program (K12) 

 — — — — — — — 3,154 3,190 3,190 3,194 

 Minority School Faculty Development 

Award (K14) 

 862 98 — — — — — — — — — 

 Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K14) 

 393 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Career Enhancement Award for Stem 

Cell Research (K18) 

 — — — 243 980 512 213 652 1,014 477 706 

 NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22) — — — — 185 364 178 160 162 162 162 

 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research 

Career Development Award (K23) 

 4,619 7,570 11,909 14,571 16,216 17,086 16,720 16,419 18,556 20,831 22,368 

 Midcareer Investigator Award in 

Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 

 2,072 2,877 4,058 4,368 3,815 3,929 4,315 4,037 4,161 5,078 5,942 

 Mentored Quantitative Research 

Career Development Award (K25) 

 — 272 921 1,195 1,622 2,206 2,184 2,077 2,082 1,996 2,134 

 Clinical Research Curriculum Award 

(K30) 

 3,163 3,073 3,090 3,110 3,115 4,589 3,708 2,520 — — — 

 Career Transition Award (K99) — — — — — — — 2,074 4,190 4,430 6,652 

 Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations 

 $54,184 $57,470 $63,514 $65,817 $67,794 $71,018 $70,365 $74,954 $78,715 $84,646 $81,544 
 167 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 Dollars (Millions) 

 NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

 NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 MARC Summer Research Training 

Program 

 $ 4 $ 20 $ 15 $ 4 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

 Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for 

Minority Faculty 

 3,650 5,556 5,711 6,156 6,150 6,088 5,453 4,718 4,574 4,745 6,089 

 MARC 5 5 — — — — — — — — — 

 Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS) 

 3,873 3,165 2,793 3,600 2,806 2,846 2,403 2,475 1,527 2,167 2,540 

 Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award 

 1,300 1,143 1,703 991 867 588 567 698 949 663 804 

 Minority Institution Research 

Training Program 

 1,167 996 1,092 1,006 734 1,184 743 780 688 349 1,050

 Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 248 264 278 308 374 545 1,012 1,115 1,728 1,979 2,064 

 Minority Research Supplements 

Program 

 8,304 8,587 9,822 9,323 10,938 11,214 10,680 10,834 10,303 10,412 11,198 

 Minority School Faculty 

Development Award 

 862 98 — — — — — — — — — 

 Reentry Supplements 176 384 — — — 96 132 245 401 887 1,050 

 Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty 

 393 — — — — — — — — — — 

 Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students 

 2,570 1,876 2,057 2,594 2,671 2,976 2,526 1,673 804 283 —

 Total, Minority Programs $22,552 $22,094 $23,471 $23,982 $24,540 $25,537 $23,516 $22,538 $20,974 $21,485 $24,795 

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Fiscal Year 

 30

 25

 20

 15

 10

 5

 0 
 168 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

Number of Awards

 Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Minority Supplements 

 Investigator 33 33 46 47 35 29 27 31 25 22 17 

 Postdoctoral 42 41 33 38 37 52 49 43 42 45 50 

 Graduate 47 43 45 57 61 80 74 73 69 71 71 

 Undergraduate 19 12 17 18 17 12 11 16 17 18 13 

 High School — 3 3 4 3 7 3 3 3 2 7 

 Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — 2 8 17 16 11 4 9 21 21 

 Reentry Supplements 1 3 — — 3 2 1 1 3 9 8 

 Disability Supplements 5 4 5 4 3 2 2 4 1 — 2 

 Total, Research Supplements 

Program 

 147 139 151 176 176 200 178 175 169 188 189 

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal Years 2000–2010 

 Number of Awards

 Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Minority Supplements 

 Investigator — — — — 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 

 Postdoctoral — — — 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 4 

 Graduate — — — 2 7 7 2 5 2 5 5 

 Undergraduate — — — — — — 1 1 1 1 1 

 High School — — — 1 — — — — — — — 

 Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — — — 1 — — — — — — 

 Total, Research Supplements 

Program 

— — — 5 10 11 5 9 5 11 13 
 169 

 NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

 Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs 

 NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Grants: Fiscal Years 2000–2010

 Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Minority Supplements 

 Investigator $3,262 $3,430 $ 5,046 $3,844 $ 4,256 $ 3,552 $ 3,343 $ 3,719 $ 3,285 $ 2,679 $ 2,183 

 Postdoctoral 3,053 3,086 2,554 2,655 2,713 3,432 3,542 3,284 3,074 3,284 3,928 

 Graduate 1,791 1,818 1,864 2,181 2,439 3,208 3,114 3,021 3,029 3,212 3,533 

 Undergraduate 198 235 260 301 282 179 178 350 424 386 240 

 High School — 18 33 33 13 30 18 16 26 28 61 

 Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — 65 309 597 618 352 156 367 823 1,076 

 Reentry Supplements 176 384 — — 495 96 132 245 401 887 1,050 

 Disability Supplements 282 187 474 360 143 99 133 288 98 — 177 

 Total, Research Supplements 

Program 

 $8,762 $9,158 $10,296 $9,683 $10,938 $11,214 $10,812 $11,079 $10,704 $11,299 $12,248 

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type on Contracts: Fiscal Years 

2000–2010

 Dollars (Thousands)

 Fiscal Year

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 

 Minority Supplements 

 Investigator $ — $ — $ — $ — $142 $296 $1 48 $261 $271 $541 $ 376 

 Postdoctoral — — — 246 7 1 137 62 62 — 155 391 

 Graduate — — — 108 323 229 101 294 79 155 143 

 Undergraduate — — — — — — 26 13 20 16 8 

 High School — — — 7 — — — — — — — 

 Post-Master/Post-Baccalaureate — — — — 51 — — — — — — 

 Total, Research Supplements 

Program 

$ — $ — $ — $361 $587 $662 $337 $630 $370 $867 $918 

171

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: 

Fiscal Year 2010

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2010

Dollars in Millions

$100.0 to $316.7 (9)

$35.0 to $99.9 (11)

$15.0 to $34.9 (9)

$4.0 to $14.9 (11)

$0.0 to $3.9 (10)
172

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2010

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Alabama

Auburn University 1 $ 723,801 1 $ 723,801 — $ — — $ —

Elgavish Paramagnetics, Inc. 1 590,498 1 590,498 — — — —

University of Alabama 1 459,740 — — — — 1 459,740

University of Alabama at Birmingham 68 30,816,231 56 23,528,182 9 1,437,784 3 5,850,265

University of South Alabama 14 5,904,784 13 5,708,408 1 196,376 — —

Total Alabama 85 38,495,054 71 30,550,889 10 1,634,160 4 6,310,005

Arizona

Arizona State University, Tempe 1 479,739 1 479,739 — — — —

Carl T. Hayden Medical Research 

Foundation

1 641,550 1 641,550 — — — —

Hope Pharmaceuticals 1 236,917 1 236,917 — — — —

Mayo Clinic Arizona 4 1,858,773 4 1,858,773 — — — —

Northern Arizona University 2 638,765 2 638,765 — — — —

Translational Genomics Research Institute 2 837,603 2 837,603 — — — —

University of Arizona 23 8,207,804 19 7,503,359 4 704,445 — —

Western Research Company, Inc. 1 495,151 1 495,151 — — — —

Total Arizona 35 13,396,302 31 12,691,857 4 704,445 — —

Arkansas

Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research 

Institute

4 1,302,034 4 1,302,034 — — — —

University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 1 316,951 1 316,951 — — — —

University of Arkansas for Medical 

Sciences, Little Rock

11 3,741,141 10 3,687,331 1 53,810 — —

Total Arkansas 16 5,360,126 15 5,306,316 1 53,810 — —

California

Avantgen, Inc. 2 427,066 1 277,115 — — 1 149,951

Blood Systems Research Institute 6 2,543,612 4 2,075,618 — — 2 467,994

Burnham Institute for Medical Research 14 6,624,773 14 6,624,773 — — — —

California Institute of Technology 2 140,474 1 90,000 1 50,474 0 0

California Pacific Medical Center Research 

Institute

2 2,654,486 2 2,654,486 — — — —

California State University, Northridge 1 331,535 1 331,535 — — — —

California University, San Francisco 1 1,210,341 — — — — 1 1,210,341

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 9 4,154,688 9 4,154,688 — — — —

Ceremed, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Research Center at 

Oakland

10 4,580,076 8 4,280,562 1 251,156 1 48,358

Children's Hospital Los Angeles 6 2,471,682 6 2,471,682 — — — —

City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute 6 3,193,857 5 1,627,415 — — 1 1,566,442
173

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Claremont Graduate University 1 927,231 1 927,231 — — — —

Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Inc. 2 430,327 2 430,327 — — — —

Diagnostics for the Real World, Ltd. 1 1,075,162 1 1,075,162 — — — —

Heartvista, Inc. 1 509,354 1 509,354 — — — —

Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. 1 154,996 — — — — 1 154,996

J. David Gladstone Institutes 9 8,638,078 9 8,638,078 — — — —

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 7 4,080,747 6 3,844,291 — — 1 236,456

LA Biomedical Research Institute/Harbor 

UCLA Medical Center

2 336,318 2 336,318 — — — —

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute 3 1,386,185 3 1,386,185 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Allergy and 

Immunology

4 3,354,163 4 3,354,163 — — — —

Loma Linda University 3 1,095,578 3 1,095,578 — — — —

Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute 1 172,686 — — — — 1 172,686

Mercator Medsystems, Inc. 1 217,409 1 217,409 — — — —

Nanovasc, Inc. 1 883,936 1 883,936 — — — —

National Childhood Cancer Foundation 1 201,530 1 201,530 — — — —

Northern California Institute for Research 

and Education

7 2,965,131 7 2,965,131 — — — —

Organovo, Inc. 1 125,114 1 125,114 — — — —

Orthopaedic Hospital 1 414,026 1 414,026 — — — —

Palo Alto Institute for Research and 

Education, Inc.

3 1,024,867 3 1,024,867 — — — —

Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research 

Institute

1 769,820 1 769,820 — — — —

Panorama Research, Inc. 1 230,586 1 230,586 — — — —

Phoenix Biosystems 1 145,590 — — — — 1 145,590

Physical Optics Corporation 1 99,990 1 99,990 — — — —

Rand Corporation 6 2,942,586 6 2,942,586 — — — —

Regents of University of California 1 370,425 — — — — 1 370,425

Salk Institute for Biological Studies 1 120,726 1 120,726 — — — —

San Diego State University 13 5,965,979 12 5,936,834 1 29,145 — —

San Diego State University Research 

Foundation

— 83,720 — — — — — 83,720

Scripps Research Institute 20 9,261,193 18 8,847,082 2 414,111 — —

Stanford University 70 32,006,006 57 27,893,674 12 1,578,466 1 2,533,866

Systems Micro Technologies, Inc. 1 95,283 1 95,283 — — — —

Theron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 163,800 1 163,800 — — — —

Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

University of California, Lawrence 

Berkeley Lab

2 1,208,315 2 1,208,315 — — — —

University of California, Berkeley 11 3,178,924 8 3,089,233 3 89,691 — —

University of California, Davis 33 14,366,690 31 13,675,365 2 691,325 — —

University of California, Irvine 17 6,375,428 17 6,375,428 — — — —

University of California, Los Angeles 84 44,439,463 69 36,502,883 12 1,836,318 3 6,100,262
174

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of California, Merced 5 964,200 3 870,666 2 93,534 — —

University of California, Riverside 3 781,368 2 751,348 1 30,020 — —

University of California, San Diego 92 44,620,101 79 42,656,967 13 1,963,134 — —

University of California, San Francisco 105 40,467,755 91 35,889,262 12 1,831,073 2 2,747,420

University of California, Santa Barbara 1 573,443 1 573,443 — — — —

University of Southern California 11 4,801,428 11 4,801,428 — — — —

Vala Sciences, Inc. 1 270,126 1 270,126 — — — —

Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San 

Diego

8 4,742,119 8 4,742,119 — — — —

Virogenics, Inc. 1 785,649 1 785,649 — — — —

Total California 602 276,526,141 523 251,679,187 62 8,858,447 17 15,988,507

Colorado

Colorado State University, Fort Collins 6 1,682,126 5 1,652,913 1 29,213 — —

Cosmid Corporation, LLC 1 338,124 1 338,124 — — — —

Denver Health and Hospital Authority 2 545,974 1 175,684 — — 1 370,290

Keystone Symposia 5 74,000 5 74,000 — — — —

National Jewish Health 30 19,753,117 29 19,702,643 1 50,474 — —

Rocky Mountain Biosystems, Inc. 1 826,749 1 826,749 — — — —

Taiga Biotechnologies, Inc. 2 812,083 2 812,083 — — — —

University of Colorado, Boulder 7 2,194,264 6 1,948,476 1 245,788 — —

University of Colorado, Denver 56 22,584,967 49 20,052,704 6 1,690,789 1 841,474

University of Colorado Health Science 

Center

2 955,992 — — — — 2 955,992

ValveXchange, Inc. 2 631,922 2 631,922 — — — —

Total Colorado 114 50,399,318 101 46,215,298 9 2,016,264 4 2,167,756

Connecticut

Connecticut Children's Medical Center 1 132,030 1 132,030 — — — —

Hartford Hospital 3 1,287,447 3 1,287,447 — — — —

Helix Therapeutics, LLC 1 228,490 1 228,490 — — — —

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 2 814,007 2 814,007 — — — —

SibTech, Inc. 1 385,462 1 385,462 — — — —

University of Connecticut School of 

Medicine and Dentistry

8 3,997,915 8 3,997,915 — — — —

University of Connecticut, Storrs 3 624,015 2 592,915 1 31,100 — —

Yale University 83 37,045,962 70 34,766,255 13 2,279,707 — —

Total Connecticut 102 44,515,328 88 42,204,521 14 2,310,807 — —

Delaware

Alfred I. Du Pont Hospital for Children 1 179,510 1 179,510 — — — —

Compact Membrane Systems, Inc. 1 127,123 1 127,123 — — — —

University of Delaware 3 762,957 2 710,803 1 52,154 — —

Total Delaware 5 1,069,590 4 1,017,436 1 52,154 — —
175

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

District of Columbia

Academy for Educational Development 2 1,746,392 — — — — 2 1,746,392

American Institutes for Research 3 6,360,068 — — — — 3 6,360,068

American Society of Hematology 1 20,000 1 20,000 — — — —

Children's Research Institute 9 3,626,692 9 3,626,692 — — — —

Department of Veterans Affairs 2 237,891 — — — — 2 237,891

Georgetown University 8 4,399,217 8 4,399,217 — — — —

George Washington University 9 5,668,540 9 5,668,540 — — — —

Howard University 4 682,200 2 563,986 1 41,380 1 76,834

National Academy of Sciences 1 200,000 — — — — 1 200,000

Ogilvy Public Relations 3 4,122,171 — — — — 3 4,122,171

Porter Novelli, Inc. — 777,814 — — — — — 777,814

U.S. Bureau of the Census 1 609,000 — — — — 1 609,000

Total District of Columbia 43 28,449,985 29 14,278,435 1 41,380 13 14,130,170

Florida

ArchieMD, Inc. 2 586,038 1 486,090 — — 1 99,948

Biopsy Sciences, LLC 1 181,979 1 181,979 — — — —

Nemours Children's Clinic 2 282,915 2 282,915 — — — —

Nova Southeastern University 1 336,980 1 336,980 — — — —

Self-Determined Health, Inc. 1 670,861 1 670,861 — — — —

University of Central Florida 2 717,500 2 717,500 — — — —

University of Florida 35 13,293,405 31 12,785,820 4 507,585 — —

University of Miami, Coral Gables 3 3,476,952 2 3,045,141 1 344,377 — 82,434

University of Miami School of Medicine 28 10,259,811 25 9,802,704 3 457,107 — —

University of South Florida 5 1,083,342 3 645,136 2 438,206 — —

Total Florida 80 30,884,783 69 28,955,126 10 1,747,275 1 182,382

Georgia

Emory University 59 26,786,556 52 25,518,479 6 902,012 1 366,065

Expression Therapeutics 2 995,593 2 995,593 — — — —

Georgia Institute of Technology 9 3,401,145 9 3,401,145 — — — —

Georgia State University 1 30,881 — — 1 30,881 — —

Georgia Tech Research Corp. 1 14,615,641 — — — — 1 14,615,641

Medical College of Georgia 35 14,542,698 31 14,138,013 4 404,685 — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 10 2,899,528 8 2,477,970 2 421,558 — —

U.S. Centers for Disease Control & 

Prevention

3 5,775,679 — — — — 3 5,775,679

University of Georgia 2 740,000 2 740,000 — — — —

Total Georgia 122 69,787,721 104 47,271,200 13 1,759,136 5 20,757,385

Hawaii

University of Hawaii, Manoa 6 2,819,399 6 2,819,399 — — — —

Total Hawaii 6 2,819,399 6 2,819,399 — — — —
176

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Illinois

Academic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 102,910 1 102,910 — — — —

Acoustic MedSystems, Inc 1 188,384 — — — — 1 188,384

American College of Chest Physicians 1 11,000 1 11,000 — — — —

American Society of Pediatric Hematology/

Oncology

1 5,000 1 5,000 — — — —

Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago) 6 1,120,068 5 1,091,906 1 28,162 — —

Illinois Institute of Technology 1 420,313 1 420,313 — — — —

International Society for Experimental 

Hematology

— 5,000 — 5,000 — — — —

Loyola University, Chicago 10 2,912,673 7 2,777,045 3 135,628 — —

Northshore University HealthSystem 

Research Institute

2 622,862 2 622,862 — — — —

Northwestern University 72 26,786,999 58 24,757,865 13 1,695,335 1 333,799

Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine 

and Science

1 154,000 1 154,000 — — — —

Rush University Medical Center 13 6,682,103 13 6,682,103 — — — —

SonoGene, LLC 1 356,959 1 356,959 — — — —

University of Chicago 48 17,420,831 40 15,492,623 8 1,928,208 — —

University of Illinois, Chicago 56 26,398,669 50 24,188,346 6 2,210,323 — —

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 12 5,676,034 9 5,546,797 3 129,237 — —

Total Illinois 226 88,863,805 190 82,214,729 34 6,126,893 2 522,183

Indiana

Clarian Health Partners, Inc. 1 168,750 1 168,750 — — — —

General Biotechnology, LLC 1 142,441 1 142,441 — — — —

Indiana University-Purdue University, 

Indianapolis

46 18,374,847 40 17,433,179 6 941,668 — —

Purdue University, West Lafayette 1 138,215 1 138,215 — — — —

Rimedion, Inc. 1 223,172 1 223,172 — — — —

SonarMed, Inc. 1 224,379 1 224,379 — — — —

University of Notre Dame 2 760,694 2 760,694 — — — —

Total Indiana 53 20,032,498 47 19,090,830 6 941,668 — —

Iowa

Exemplar Genetics, LLC 2 753,552 2 753,552 — — — —

Iowa State University 1 708,654 1 708,654 — — — —

Maharishi University of Management 

Research Institute

1 640,752 1 640,752 — — — —

University of Iowa 66 34,240,895 55 30,201,810 10 2,626,800 1 1,412,285

Vida Diagnostics, Inc. 1 602,467 1 602,467 — — — —

Total Iowa 71 36,946,320 60 32,907,235 10 2,626,800 1 1,412,285
177

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Kansas

Kansas State University 2 248,914 1 222,000 1 26,914 — —

University of Kansas Medical Center 13 4,684,161 12 4,656,552 1 27,609 — —

Total Kansas 15 4,933,075 13 4,878,552 2 54,523 — —

Kentucky

Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratories 1 991,524 1 991,524 — — — —

SCR, Inc. 2 1,066,413 2 1,066,413 — — — —

University of Kentucky 29 11,405,914 23 10,721,642 6 684,272 — —

University of Louisville 23 7,175,776 22 6,839,762 1 336,014 — —

Total Kentucky 55 20,639,627 48 19,619,341 7 1,020,286 — —

Louisiana

Life Recovery System, Inc. — 230,000 — 230,000 — — — —

Louisiana State University and A&M 

College, Baton Rouge

1 334,643 1 334,643 — — — —

Louisiana State University Health Sciences 

Center, New Orleans

10 2,758,622 8 2,374,932 1 33,173 1 350,517

Louisiana State University Health Sciences 

Center, Shreveport

8 2,064,644 7 2,012,490 1 52,154 — —

Louisiana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

3 1,558,372 3 1,558,372 — — — —

NuPotential, Inc. 1 269,754 1 269,754 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 14 5,150,797 12 4,920,236 2 230,561 — —

Total Louisiana 37 12,366,832 32 11,700,427 4 315,888 1 350,517

Maine

Jackson Laboratory 6 2,237,224 5 2,186,750 1 50,474 — —

Maine Medical Center 5 1,525,514 4 1,473,900 1 51,614 — —

University of Maine, Orono 1 578,902 1 578,902 — — — —

University of New England 1 19,340 — — 1 19,340 — —

Total Maine 13 4,360,980 10 4,239,552 3 121,428 — —

Maryland

Arginetix, Inc. 1 365,333 1 365,333 — — — —

CDM Group 1 1,700,000 — — — — 1 1,700,000

Center for Disease Control 3 558,000 — — — — 3 558,000

CIT 1 258,959 — — — — 1 258,959

Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation 3 1,528,344 2 1,234,866 — — 1 293,478

EMMES Corporation 2 1,559,843 — — — — 2 1,559,843

Engineering and Scientific Research 

Association

1 271,337 1 271,337 — — — —

Federation of American Societies for 

Experimental Biology

3 45,000 3 45,000 — — — —
178

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

GeneCopoeia, Inc. 1 107,000 1 107,000 — — — —

GlycoMimetics, Inc. 1 159,562 1 159,562 — — — —

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine

2 922,459 2 922,459 — — — —

Information Management Services, Inc. 1 599,990 — — — — 1 599,990

Intelligent Automation 1 100,000 — — — — 1 100,000

J. Craig Venter Institute, Inc. 1 287,702 — — — — 1 287,702

Johns Hopkins University 167 82,707,871 140 73,107,164 22 4,511,218 5 5,089,489

Key Technologies, Inc. 1 567,530 1 567,530 — — — —

Lockheed Martin 1 144,810 — — — — 1 144,810

MedStar Research Institute 1 807,837 1 807,837 — — 0 0

National Human Genome Research Institute 2 2,710,000 — — — — 2 2,710,000

National Institutes of Health 3 2,170,670 — — — — 3 2,170,670

National Library of Medicine 1 240,000 — — — — 1 240,000

New Health Sciences, Inc. 1 986,267 1 986,267 — — — —

North American Vascular Biology 

Organization

1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Operation Technology Corporation 1 99,991 — — — — 1 99,991

Pulmonary Hypertension Association 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

SeraCare Bioservices 2 1,668,235 — — — — 2 1,668,235

Social and Scientific Systems, Inc. 1 1,500,000 — — — — 1 1,500,000

U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services, Supply Service Center

1 897,950 — — — — 1 897,950

U.S. Food and Drug Administration — 260,000 — — — — — 260,000

U.S. National Center for Health Statistics 1 2,603,048 — — — — 1 2,603,048

U.S. Public Health Service Indian Health 

Service

1 730,982 — — — — 1 730,982

University of Maryland, Baltimore 46 27,055,880 41 24,237,019 4 811,541 1 2,007,320

University of Maryland, College Park 3 837,553 3 837,553 — — — —

Validus Biopharma, Inc. 1 178,857 1 178,857 — — — —

Weinberg Medical Physics, LLC 1 730,407 1 730,407 — — — —

Westat, Inc. 3 7,693,620 — — — — 3 7,693,620

Total Maryland 260 142,904,797 202 104,583,191 26 5,322,759 32 32,998,847

Massachusetts

ABIOMED, Inc. 4 1,123,252 4 1,123,252 — — — —

Barth Syndrome Foundation 1 5,000 1 5,000 — — — —

Baystate Medical Center 1 1,003,256 — — — — 1 1,003,256

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 51 26,592,985 46 24,816,115 5 1,776,870 — —

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 4 2,801,922 4 2,801,922 — — — —

Boston Medical Center 11 6,712,605 11 6,712,605 — — — —

Boston University 7 5,683,075 6 3,606,670 — — 1 2,076,405

Boston University Medical Campus 48 26,843,345 42 22,377,469 5 1,821,466 1 2,644,410

Brandeis University 1 346,500 1 346,500 — — — —
179

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Brigham and Women's Hospital 167 83,123,791 149 79,338,210 17 3,760,581 1 25,000

CardioFocus, Inc. 1 190,890 1 190,890 — — — —

Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc. 1 614,035 1 614,035 — — — —

Cell Imaging Systems, LLC — 89,375 — 89,375 — — — —

Charles Stark Draper Laboratory 1 186,477 1 186,477 — — — —

Children's Hospital Boston 49 25,005,254 46 23,579,006 3 1,426,248 — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 10 3,618,223 10 3,618,223 — — — —

DecImmune Therapeutics, Inc. 1 1,119,082 1 1,119,082 — — — —

DNA Medicine Institute 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

E.P., Ltd. 1 1,189,143 1 1,189,143 — — — —

Giner, Inc. 1 390,338 1 390,338 — — — —

GLSynthesis, Inc. 1 779,748 1 779,748 — — — —

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 4 1,373,812 4 1,373,812 — — — —

Harvard University 4 2,163,564 3 1,742,147 1 421,417 — —

Harvard University Medical School 13 5,160,709 10 4,573,979 3 586,730 — —

Harvard University School of Public Health 15 6,806,281 12 6,187,976 3 618,305 — —

Immune Disease Institute, Inc. 5 5,358,019 4 3,934,562 1 47,606 — 1,375,851

Immunetics, Inc. 2 517,468 1 299,989 — — 1 217,479

Infoscitex Corporation 1 985,602 1 985,602 — — — —

Joslin Diabetes Center 2 1,085,205 2 1,085,205 — — — —

Levitronix, LLC 1 998,327 1 998,327 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 65 47,509,589 59 27,045,627 4 1,445,743 2 19,018,219

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5 4,289,763 4 4,242,157 1 47,606 — —

MedMinder Systems, Inc. 1 234,055 1 234,055 — — — —

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 4 21,138,801 3 21,039,006 — — 1 99,795

Northeastern University 2 2,203,810 2 2,203,810 — — — —

Phoenicia Biosciences, Inc. 1 350,566 1 350,566 — — — —

Progeria Research Foundation, Inc. 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. 3 1,200,495 3 1,200,495 — — — —

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital 1 359,595 1 359,595 — — — —

Springfield College — 23,385 — 23,385 — — — —

The Broad Institute 1 2,351,820 — — — — 1 2,351,820

Tufts Medical Center 20 6,844,982 19 6,343,964 1 501,018 — —

Tufts University, Boston 8 2,817,502 6 2,558,703 2 258,799 — —

Tufts University, Medford 1 249,000 1 249,000 — — — —

University Health Network 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

University of Massachusetts Medical 

School, Worcester

26 13,063,921 25 13,013,447 1 50,474 — —

University of Massachusetts, Boston 1 192,500 1 192,500 — — — —

University of Massachusetts, Lowell 1 330,570 1 330,570 — — — —

Valley Medical Associates, Inc. 1 176,205 1 176,205 — — — —

VasoTech, Inc. 1 593,706 1 593,706 — — — —

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical 

Research

1 90,000 1 90,000 — — — —
180

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1 184,380 1 184,380 — — — —

Worcester State College 1 206,302 1 206,302 — — — —

Total Massachusetts 556 316,658,230 500 275,083,132 47 12,762,863 9 28,812,235

Michigan

Accord Biomaterials, Inc. 1 515,403 1 515,403 — — — —

AlphaCore Pharma, LLC 1 1,022,830 1 1,022,830 — — — —

Altarum Institute 1 317,162 1 317,162 — — — —

Henry Ford Health System 8 6,377,582 7 6,321,792 1 55,790 — —

MC3, Inc. 3 672,141 3 672,141 — — — —

MedArray, Inc. 1 1,000,000 1 1,000,000 — — — —

Michigan State University 9 3,646,124 8 3,607,415 1 38,709 — —

Michigan Technological University 2 460,517 2 460,517 — — — —

MRI Institute for Biomedical Research 1 430,559 1 430,559 — — — —

Oakland University 1 242,943 1 242,943 — — — —

Phrixus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 306,708 1 306,708 — — — —

Pixel Velocity, Inc. 1 988,260 1 988,260 — — — —

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 122 55,784,321 108 49,165,627 11 2,104,224 3 4,514,470

Van Andel Research Institute 1 455,000 1 455,000 — — — —

Wayne State University 16 6,146,621 15 6,113,350 1 33,271 — —

Total Michigan 169 78,366,171 152 71,619,707 14 2,231,994 3 4,514,470

Minnesota

Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc. 1 651,337 1 651,337 — — — —

Advanced Medical Electronics Corporation 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Gel-Del Technologies, Inc. 1 1,047,181 1 1,047,181 — — — —

HealthPartners Research Foundation 5 3,089,618 5 3,089,618 — — — —

Immune Disease Institute, Inc. 1 1,375,850 — — — — 1 1,375,850

Mayo Clinic, Rochester 52 23,389,082 47 22,226,036 2 433,132 3 729,914

Powerscope, Inc. 1 381,289 1 381,289 — — — —

University of Minnesota 1 828,232 — — — — 1 828,232

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 66 34,355,894 57 29,545,423 7 1,726,919 2 3,083,552

Total Minnesota 129 65,218,483 113 57,040,884 9 2,160,051 7 6,017,548

Mississippi

Jackson State University 1 219,631 1 182,500 — — — 37,131

Tougaloo College — 18,763 — — — — — 18,763

University of Mississippi Medical Center 20 9,756,405 18 8,315,787 1 375,224 1 1,065,394

Total Mississippi 21 9,994,799 19 8,498,287 1 375,224 1 1,121,288

Missouri

APT Therapeutics, Inc. 1 439,052 1 439,052 — — — —

Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City 1 267,012 1 267,012 — — — —
181

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Mediomics, LLC 1 97,680 — — — — 1 97,680

Saint Louis University 9 3,092,698 9 3,092,698 — — — —

Saint Luke's Hospital 2 560,860 2 560,860 — — — —

University of Missouri, Columbia 29 14,334,914 28 14,282,760 1 52,154 — —

Washington University 111 66,474,048 92 44,721,288 17 3,559,859 2 18,192,901

Total Missouri 154 85,266,264 133 63,363,670 18 3,612,013 3 18,290,581

Montana

Montana State University, Bozeman 3 1,068,750 3 1,068,750 — — — —

Resodyn Corporation 1 370,783 1 370,783 — — — —

Total Montana 4 1,439,533 4 1,439,533 — — — —

Nebraska

Creighton University 2 686,375 2 686,375 — — — —

LNK Chemsolutions 1 199,997 1 199,997 — — — —

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 1 309,852 1 309,852 — — — —

University of Nebraska Medical Center 10 4,768,548 10 4,768,548 — — — —

Total Nebraska 14 5,964,772 14 5,964,772 — — — —

Nevada

Nevada Cancer Institute — 44,161 — 44,161 — — — —

University of Nevada, Reno 6 1,898,448 5 1,870,814 1 27,634 — —

Total Nevada 6 1,942,609 5 1,914,975 1 27,634 — —

New Hampshire

Celdara Medical, LLC 1 413,428 1 413,428 — — — —

Dartmouth College 12 3,584,063 12 3,584,063 — — — —

Xemed, LLC 1 374,983 1 374,983 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 14 4,372,474 14 4,372,474 — — — —

New Jersey

Allied Innovative Systems, LLC 1 184,784 1 184,784 — — — —

Artann Laboratories, Inc. 1 223,492 1 223,492 — — — —

CircuLite, Inc. 1 1,698,956 1 1,698,956 — — — —

DVX, LLC 2 803,221 2 803,221 — — — —

Hackensack University Medical Center 1 264,150 1 264,150 — — — —

Menssana Research, Inc. 1 1,000,000 1 1,000,000 — — — —

Newark Beth Israel Medical Center 1 151,881 1 151,881 — — — —

NovaFlux Technologies, Inc. 1 299,989 1 299,989 — — — —

PharmaSeq, Inc. 1 998,481 1 998,481 — — — —

Provid Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 175,200 1 175,200 — — — —

Rutgers, The State University of New 

Jersey, New Brunswick

4 924,774 4 924,774 — — — —
182

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

University of Medicine & Dentistry of New 

Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical 

School

5 2,441,931 5 2,441,931 — — — —

University of Medicine & Dentistry of New 

Jersey, New Jersey Medical School

28 12,801,335 25 12,450,828 3 350,507 — —

Vasade Biosciences, Inc. 2 683,348 2 683,348 — — — —

Viocare, Inc. 1 877,714 1 877,714 — — — —

Total New Jersey 51 23,529,256 48 23,178,749 3 350,507 — —

New Mexico

Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental 

Research Institute

2 1,113,935 2 1,113,935 — — — —

Southwest Sciences, Inc. 1 375,162 1 375,162 — — — —

University of New Mexico 10 3,326,311 9 2,939,818 1 386,493 — —

University of New Mexico Health Sciences 

Center

2 514,495 2 514,495 — — — —

Total New Mexico 15 5,329,903 14 4,943,410 1 386,493 — —

New York

Albany College of Pharmacy 1 338,554 1 338,554 — — — —

Albany Medical College 7 2,317,015 6 2,259,910 1 57,105 — —

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 

Yeshiva University

32 12,532,172 27 12,091,112 4 361,525 1 79,535

Angion Biomedica Corporation 2 2,384,167 2 2,384,167 — — — —

Biomedica Management Corporation 1 474,943 1 474,943 — — — —

City College of New York 5 2,201,456 5 2,201,456 — — — —

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory — 5,000 — 5,000 — — — —

Columbia University of New York, 

Morningside

8 3,045,477 8 3,045,477 — — — —

Columbia University Health Sciences 77 40,328,843 68 35,857,071 8 1,283,261 1 3,188,511

Cornell University, Ithaca 7 3,583,159 7 3,583,159 — — — —

Dawkins Productions, Inc. 1 358,430 1 358,430 — — — —

Feinstein Institute for Medical Research 2 829,499 2 829,499 — — — —

Glycotek, LLC — 13,566 — 13,566 — — — —

Herbert H. Lehman College 1 285,250 1 285,250 — — — —

Hospital for Special Surgery 2 555,924 2 555,924 — — — —

Ithaca College 1 141,753 1 141,753 — — — —

Jarvik Heart, Inc. 1 2,538,264 — — — — 1 2,538,264

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. 1 373,846 1 373,846 — — — —

Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx) 1 314,327 1 314,327 — — — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 38 37,749,531 32 20,467,068 5 834,948 1 16,447,515

New York Blood Center 3 1,113,686 3 1,113,686 — — — —

New York Medical College 14 5,838,608 12 5,782,632 2 55,976 — —

New York University 2 184,386 1 143,006 1 41,380 — —

New York University School of Medicine 32 14,005,650 26 13,140,950 6 864,700 — —
183

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Porter Novelli, Inc. 1 1,035,812 — — — — 1 1,035,812

Pulmokine, Inc. 2 662,637 2 662,637 — — — —

Queens College 1 373,835 1 373,835 — — — —

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 0 1,000,000 0 1,000,000 — — — —

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 2 1,004,048 2 1,004,048 — — — —

Rockefeller University 2 1,014,081 2 1,014,081 — — — —

Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corp. 3 2,476,107 3 2,476,107 — — — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer 

Research

5 1,683,433 5 1,683,433 — — — —

St. Luke's-Roosevelt Institute for Health 

Sciences

1 657,191 1 657,191 — — — —

State University of New York, Stony Brook 5 1,990,524 5 1,990,524 — — — —

State University of New York, Buffalo 15 5,547,122 15 5,547,122 — — — —

SUNY Downstate Medical Center 6 2,171,040 6 2,171,040 — — — —

Syracuse University 1 236,795 1 236,795 — — — —

Tartis, Inc. 1 112,885 1 112,885 — — — —

Therasource, LLC 1 500,425 1 500,425 — — — —

Transonic Systems, Inc. 1 375,035 1 375,035 — — — —

University of Rochester 63 26,037,449 56 24,782,287 7 1,255,162 — —

Upstate Medical University 7 2,666,101 7 2,666,101 — — — —

VentriNova, Inc. 1 249,999 1 249,999 — — — —

Wadsworth Center 1 380,704 1 380,704 — — — —

Weill Medical College of Cornell 

University

35 18,531,064 30 17,964,840 5 566,224 — —

Winifred Masterson Burke Medical 

Research Institute

1 450,844 1 450,844 — — — —

Winthrop-University Hospital 1 93,009 1 93,009 — — — —

Total New York 395 200,763,646 351 172,153,728 39 5,320,281 5 23,289,637

North Carolina

Advanced Liquid, Inc. 1 168,208 — — — — 1 168,208

BioMarck Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. — 80,000 — 80,000 — — — —

BioMedomics, Inc. 1 99,932 — — — — 1 99,932

Duke University 99 50,871,800 87 48,359,476 10 1,855,481 2 656,843

East Carolina University 4 1,077,903 4 1,077,903 — — — —

Gramercy Research Group, LLC 1 907,635 1 907,635 — — — —

KeraNetics, LLC 1 232,644 1 232,644 — — — —

LifeSciTech, LLC 1 672,857 1 672,857 — — — —

North Carolina Central University 2 541,645 2 541,645 — — — —

North Carolina State University, Raleigh 5 1,524,319 3 1,161,519 2 362,800 — —

Research Triangle Institute 3 5,814,534 — 500,000 — — 3 5,314,534

Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. — 625,534 — 625,534 — — — —

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 87 51,093,569 74 38,333,077 10 1,860,434 3 10,900,058

Vascular Pharmaceuticals 1 470,596 1 470,596 — — — —

Wake Forest University 4 4,179,017 1 352,491 — — 3 3,826,526
184

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Wake Forest University Health Sciences 39 32,642,160 32 16,702,363 4 1,137,084 3 14,802,713

Wake Forest University School of Medicine 1 907,669 — — — — 1 907,669

X-In8 Biologicals Corporation 1 321,746 1 321,746 — — — —

Total North Carolina 251 152,231,768 208 110,339,486 26 5,215,799 17 36,676,483

North Dakota

North Dakota State University 1 215,250 1 215,250 — — — —

Total North Dakota 1 215,250 1 215,250 — — — —

Ohio

Arteriocyte, Inc. 1 1,609,381 1 1,609,381 — — — —

Athersys, Inc. 1 99,302 1 99,302 — — — —

Battelle Memorial Institute 1 20,950,000 — — — — 1 20,950,000

Case Western Reserve University 69 28,324,758 60 22,329,029 7 1,106,672 2 4,889,057

ChanTest, Inc. 1 149,275 1 149,275 — — — —

Children's Hospital Medical Center 

(Cincinnati)

70 24,798,170 62 24,103,355 8 694,815 — —

Cleveland Clinic-Lerner College of 

Medicine

54 33,136,763 48 31,679,058 4 439,903 2 1,017,802

Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc. 1 915,032 1 915,032 — — — —

Cleveland State University 3 694,725 2 661,900 1 32,825 — —

Faraday Technology, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Frantz Medical Development, Ltd. 1 100,121 1 100,121 — — — —

Great Lakes Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 1,264,939 1 1,264,939 — — — —

Kent State University, Kent 3 1,713,363 3 1,713,363 — — — —

Nanomimetics, Inc. 1 105,774 1 105,774 — — — —

NeuroWave Systems, Inc. 1 642,779 1 642,779 — — — —

Northeastern Ohio Universities College of 

Medicine

2 827,785 2 827,785 — — — —

NovelMed Therapeutics, Inc. 2 936,313 2 936,313 — — — —

Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide 1 138,358 — — — — 1 138,358

Ohio State University 43 13,243,222 39 13,030,405 4 212,817 — —

Ohio University, Athens 1 356,130 1 356,130 — — — —

P2d, Inc. 1 318,654 1 318,654 — — — —

Peritec Biosciences 1 481,527 1 481,527 — — — —

Research Institute at Nationwide Children's 

Hospital

6 1,554,806 4 1,241,032 2 313,774 — —

University of Cincinnati 35 12,131,589 32 11,480,795 2 506,482 1 144,312

University of Toledo Health Science 

Campus

4 5,098,788 4 5,098,788 — — — —

Wright State University 5 1,524,310 5 1,524,310 — — — —

Total Ohio 310 151,215,864 275 120,769,047 28 3,307,288 7 27,139,529

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation 6 3,916,169 6 3,916,169 — — — —

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 1 357,658 1 357,658 — — — —
185

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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Selexys Pharmaceuticals Corporation 1 2,091,208 1 2,091,208 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences 

Center

13 6,533,741 13 6,533,741 — — — —

Total Oklahoma 21 12,898,776 21 12,898,776 — — — —

Oregon

Aronora, LLC 1 398,147 1 398,147 — — — —

Gamma Therapeutics, Inc. 1 514,223 1 514,223 — — — —

Oregon Center for Applied Science, Inc. 1 654,051 1 654,051 — — — —

Oregon Health and Science University 39 16,189,104 33 14,844,242 6 1,344,862 — —

Oregon State University 2 638,116 2 638,116 — — — —

Portland State University 2 731,250 2 731,250 — — — —

University of Oregon 2 568,190 2 568,190 — — — —

Total Oregon 48 19,693,081 42 18,348,219 6 1,344,862 — —

Pennsylvania

Carnegie Mellon University 4 1,589,077 4 1,589,077 — — — —

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh 1 115,356 — — — — 1 115,356

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 35 16,458,124 33 15,696,032 2 762,092 — —

Department of Veterans Affairs 1 91,339 — — — — 1 91,339

Drexel University 2 442,388 2 442,388 — — — —

Ension, Inc. 1 1,625,005 — — — — 1 1,625,005

Industrial Science and Technology Network — 249,500 — 249,500 — — — —

Institute for Transfusion Medicine 1 383,135 — — — — 1 383,135

Magee-Women's Research Institute and 

Foundation

1 326,009 1 326,009 — — — —

National Disease Research Interchange — 255,000 — 255,000 — — — —

Pennsylvania State University Hershey 

Medical Center

21 15,960,259 21 15,960,259 — — — —

Pennsylvania State University, University 

Park

4 983,707 3 947,845 1 35,862 — —

Philadelphia College of Osteopathic 

Medicine

1 396,250 1 396,250 — — — —

PolyMedix, Inc, 1 369,685 1 369,685 — — — —

Progenra, Inc. 2 782,912 2 782,912 — — — —

RNARx 1 400,120 1 400,120 — — — —

Salus University 1 347,202 1 347,202 — — — —

Shifa Biomedical 1 681,349 1 681,349 — — — —

Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc. 3 809,548 3 809,548 — — — —

Temple University 40 13,805,001 35 12,597,489 4 689,120 1 518,392

Thomas Jefferson University 17 8,964,892 17 8,964,892 — — — —

University of Pennsylvania 141 74,870,189 123 70,073,998 17 3,670,454 1 1,125,737

University of Pittsburgh 127 54,888,479 113 49,704,201 11 1,845,458 3 3,338,820

Wistar Institute 3 2,709,033 3 2,709,033 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 409 197,503,559 365 183,302,789 35 7,002,986 9 7,197,784
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Rhode Island

Brown University 6 2,770,181 4 2,694,538 2 75,643 — —

Butler Hospital (Providence) 1 494,697 1 494,697 — — — —

EpiVax, Inc. — 173,764 — 173,764 — — — —

Gordon Research Conferences 8 90,000 8 90,000 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 1 718,575 1 718,575 — — — —

Miriam Hospital 2 1,686,119 1 1,508,009 1 178,110 — —

Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. 1 247,286 1 247,286 — — — —

Rhode Island Hospital 14 5,304,613 12 4,709,104 2 595,509 — —

Roger Williams Hospital 1 415,430 1 415,430 — — — —

University of Rhode Island 1 149,000 1 149,000 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 35 12,049,665 30 11,200,403 5 849,262 — —

South Carolina

Clemson University 5 1,090,141 5 1,090,141 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 39 12,874,219 33 10,853,676 5 995,482 1 1,025,061

MicroVide, LLC 1 117,453 1 117,453 — — — —

University of South Carolina, Columbia 14 4,591,958 14 4,591,958 — — — —

Winthrop University 1 417,319 1 417,319 — — — —

Total South Carolina 60 19,091,090 54 17,070,547 5 995,482 1 1,025,061

South Dakota

Black Hills Center for American Indian 

Health

1 301,593 1 301,593 — — — —

Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. 1 313,229 1 313,229 — — — —

Sanford Research–University of South 

Dakota

2 213,208 1 159,398 1 53,810 — —

South Dakota State University 1 215,281 1 215,281 — — — —

University of South Dakota 2 716,564 2 716,564 — — — —

Total South Dakota 7 1,759,875 6 1,706,065 1 53,810 — —

Tennessee

Department of Veterans Affairs 1 8,875,483 — — — — 1 8,875,483

East Tennessee State University 5 1,524,350 5 1,524,350 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 5 910,308 2 448,722 3 461,586 — —

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 10 10,907,451 9 10,856,977 1 50,474 — —

Translational Sciences, Inc. 1 167,685 1 167,685 — — — —

University of Memphis 1 373,219 1 373,219 — — — —

University of Tennessee Health Science 

Center

27 11,280,004 27 11,280,004 — — — —

Vanderbilt University 105 45,397,370 94 43,273,171 10 1,774,732 1 349,467

Total Tennessee 155 79,435,870 139 67,924,128 14 2,286,792 2 9,224,950
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Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Texas

Baylor College of Medicine 60 22,443,520 47 17,115,012 11 2,048,852 2 3,279,656

Biomedical Development Corporation 1 410,355 1 410,355 — — — —

Indus Instruments 2 198,500 1 98,500 — — 1 100,000

Methodist Hospital Research Institute 5 1,220,004 5 1,220,004 — — — —

Noninvasix, Inc. 1 162,065 1 162,065 — — — —

Rice University 3 751,263 3 751,263 — — — —

Scott and White Memorial Hospital 1 136,080 1 136,080 — — — —

Southern Methodist University 1 339,387 1 339,387 — — — —

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical 

Research

6 8,685,712 6 8,685,712 — — — —

Southwest Research Institute 1 191,559 1 191,559 — — — —

Stellar Micro Devices, Inc. 1 99,990 1 99,990 — — — —

Texas A&M University 1 93,354 1 93,354 — — — —

Texas A&M University Health Science Center 13 3,148,189 12 3,096,035 1 52,154 — —

Texas A&M University System 2 651,161 2 651,161 — — — —

Texas Agrilife Research 1 353,201 1 353,201 — — — —

Texas Engineering Experiment Station 2 1,135,502 2 1,135,502 — — — —

Texas Heart Institute 4 2,598,450 4 2,598,450 — — — —

Texas Southern University 1 328,105 1 328,105 — — — —

Texas Tech University 1 180,137 1 180,137 — — — —

Texas Tech University Health Sciences 

Center

1 91,235 1 91,235 — — — —

University of Houston 3 1,049,645 3 1,049,645 — — — —

University of North Texas Health Science 

Center

5 3,727,454 5 3,727,454 — — — —

University of Texas, Arlington 1 219,000 1 219,000 — — — —

University of Texas, Austin 1 359,668 1 359,668 — — — —

University of Texas, Dallas 2 672,749 2 672,749 — — — —

University of Texas, El Paso 1 138,115 1 138,115 — — — —

University of Texas, Galveston 1 2,121,631 — — — — 1 2,121,631

University of Texas Health Center, Tyler 4 4,984,563 4 1,352,245 — — — —

University of Texas Health Science Center, 

Houston

25 16,752,334 24 15,516,963 — — 1 1,235,371

University of Texas, Health Science Center, 

San Antonio

9 4,984,563 7 2,646,154 1 343,225 1 1,995,184

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer 

Center

6 3,878,004 6 3,878,004 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch, 

Galveston

6 2,697,265 6 2,697,265 — — — —

University of Texas, San Antonio 3 545,264 2 515,959 1 29,305 — —

University of Texas Southwest Medical 

Center, Dallas

47 22,133,709 41 20,616,230 6 1,517,479 — —

University of the Incarnate Word 1 111,951 1 111,951 — — — —

Total Texas 223 103,961,366 197 91,238,509 20 3,991,015 6 8,731,842
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Utah

LDS Hospital 1 722,506 — — — — 1 722,506

Medical Physics, Inc. 1 106,274 1 106,274 — — — —

Navigen, Inc. 1 554,199 1 554,199 — — — —

University of Utah 42 22,989,831 34 14,420,091 3 467,704 5 8,102,036

Total Utah 45 24,372,810 36 15,080,564 3 467,704 6 8,824,542

Vermont

University of Vermont and State 

Agricultural College

33 15,702,177 29 14,699,724 4 1,002,453 — —

Total Vermont 33 15,702,177 29 14,699,724 4 1,002,453 — —

Virginia

College of William and Mary 3 665,301 3 665,301 — — — —

HemoShear, LLC 1 166,830 1 166,830 — — — —

Hemosonics, LLC 1 298,626 1 298,626 — — — —

Luna Innovations, Inc. 2 686,032 1 164,348 — — 1 521,684

Mcguire Research Institute, Inc. 1 295,452 1 295,452 — — — —

Prognosys, LLC 1 100,000 — — — — 1 100,000

SonoMedica, LLC 1 376,437 1 376,437 — — — —

Systems Research and Applications 

Corporation

1 418,999 — — — — 1 418,999

University of Virginia, Charlottesville 56 19,245,839 49 18,116,510 7 1,129,329 — —

Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine 1 229,050 1 229,050 — — — —

Virginia Commonwealth University 26 7,670,198 21 7,069,522 5 600,676 — —

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 

University

1 737,860 1 737,860 — — — —

Total Virginia 95 30,890,624 80 28,119,936 12 1,730,005 3 1,040,683

Washington

Asthma, Inc. 1 194,124 1 194,124 — — — —

Axio Research, LLC 1 5,078,168 1 5,078,168 — — — —

Barlow Scientific, Inc. 1 283,561 1 283,561 — — — —

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories 1 1,688,292 1 1,688,292 — — — —

Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason 2 3,047,061 2 3,047,061 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 22 15,466,282 19 13,924,656 1 40,663 2 1,500,963

Group Health Cooperative 1 360,000 1 360,000 — — — —

Iasis Molecular Sciences, LLC 1 277,838 1 277,838 — — — —

Insilicos 1 400,000 1 400,000 — — — —

Institute for Systems Biology 1 155,374 1 155,374 — — — —

Puget Sound Blood Center 1 470,575 1 470,575 — — — —

Seattle Biomedical Research Institute 1 41,233 — — 1 41,233 — —

Seattle Children's Hospital 12 5,600,626 12 5,600,626 — — — —
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Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical 

Research

1 215,657 1 215,657 — — — —

Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. — 218,812 — 218,812 — — — —

University of Washington 122 69,377,816 101 60,773,667 16 3,772,299 5 4,831,850

VPDiagnostics, Inc. 1 222,249 1 222,249 — — — —

Washington State University 2 751,216 2 751,216 — — — —

Western Washington University 1 274,457 1 274,457 — — — —

Total Washington 173 104,123,341 148 93,936,333 18 3,854,195 7 6,332,813

West Virginia

West Virginia University 8 2,893,449 7 2,538,857 1 354,592 — —

Total West Virginia 8 2,893,449 7 2,538,857 1 354,592 — —

Wisconsin

American Society of Gene Therapy 2 20,000 2 20,000 — — — —

Bellbrook Labs, LLC 2 823,368 2 823,368 — — — —

BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Inc. 9 4,897,775 8 4,725,804 1 171,971 — —

Clinical MR Solutions, LLC 1 157,589 1 157,589 — — — —

Marquette University 1 249,696 1 249,696 — — — —

Medical College of Wisconsin 63 30,124,299 57 29,219,725 6 904,574 — —

Platypus Technologies, LLC 1 199,987 1 199,987 — — — —

Regents of the University of Wisconsin 

System

1 1,213,809 — — — — 1 1,213,809

Shared Medical Technology, Inc. 1 2,570,433 1 2,570,433 — — — —

Society of Behavioral Medicine — 5,000 — 5,000 — — — —

Spectrocon, LLC 1 639,098 1 639,098 — — — —

Syslogic, Inc. 1 699,283 1 699,283 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, Madison 50 23,423,992 41 21,822,660 9 1,601,332 — —

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 1 347,114 1 347,114 — — — —

Total Wisconsin 134 65,371,443 117 61,479,757 16 2,677,877 1 1,213,809

Wyoming

Softray, Inc. 1 136,960 1 136,960 — — — —

Total Wyoming 1 136,960 1 136,960 — — — —

Puerto Rico

Universidad Central del Caribe 1 130,617 1 130,617 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez — 139,676 — 139,676 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences 1 217,500 1 217,500 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 2 487,793 2 487,793 — — — —

Total U.S. 5,481 2,685,807,822 4,768 2,303,289,985 544 98,069,305 169 284,448,532
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Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Argentina

Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and 

Health Policy

1 499,988 — — — — 1 499,988

Total Argentina 1 499,988 — — — — 1 499,988

Australia

Baker Heart Research Institute 1 259,063 1 259,063 — — — —

Total Australia 1 259,063 1 259,063 — — — —

Canada

American Society for Apheresis 1 5,000 1 5,000 — — — —

Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto) 2 327,045 2 327,045 — — — —

McMaster University 2 516,366 1 470,516 — — 1 45,850

Montreal Heart Institute 2 512,170 2 512,170 — — — —

Ottawa Health Research Institute 1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —

St. Michael's Hospital 1 108,000 1 108,000 — — — —

University of Toronto 1 33,714 — — 1 33,714 — —

Total Canada 10 1,718,295 8 1,638,731 1 33,714 1 45,850

Colombia

Malaria Vaccine Development Center 1 263,020 1 263,020 — — — —

Total Colombia 1 263,020 1 263,020 — — — —

Hungary

Institute of Enzymology, Biological 

Research Center

— 27,000 — 27,000 — — — —

Total Hungary — 27,000 — 27,000 — — — —

Iceland

deCODE Genetics, Inc. 1 548,088 1 548,088 — — — —

Total Iceland 1 548,088 1 548,088 — — — —

New Zealand

University of Auckland 1 461,826 1 461,826 — — — —

Total New Zealand 1 461,826 1 461,826 — — — —

Peru

Universidad Peruana 1 499,996 — — — — 1 499,996

Total Peru 1 499,996 — — — — 1 499,996

Switzerland

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

Total Switzerland 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Uganda

Makerere University — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total Uganda — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

United Kingdom

St. Mary's Hospital Newport 1 396,996 1 396,996 — — — —

University College London 1 292,970 1 292,970 — — — —

University of Bristol 1 505,903 1 505,903 — — — —

University of Leeds 1 76,680 1 76,680 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 4 1,272,549 4 1,272,549 — — — —

Zimbabwe

University of Zimbabwe — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total Zimbabwe — 100,000 — 100,000 — — — —

Total, Other 21 $ 6,019,825 17 $ 4,940,277 1 $ 33,714 3 $ 1,045,834

Grand Total 5,502 $2,691,827,647 4,785 $2,308,230,262 545 $98,103,019 172 $285,494,366

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Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

15. Activities Supported by the American 

Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 

(ARRA), also known as the Recovery Act or the 

Economic Stimulus Package, was signed into law by 

President Barack Obama on February 17, 2009. It 

was an unprecedented effort to jump-start the economy, create or save millions of jobs, and address 

national challenges so that the Nation could move 

forward and thrive in the 21st century.

As stated in the legislation, the ARRA has five 

purposes:

•	 Preserve and create jobs and promote economic

recovery

•	 Assist those most affected by the recession

•	 Provide investments needed to increase economic efficiency by spurring technological

advances in science and health

•	 Invest in transportation, environmental protection, and other infrastructure that will provide 

long-term economic benefits

•	 Stabilize state and local government budgets to

minimize and avoid reductions in essential services and counterproductive state and local tax 

increases

The ARRA provided the NIH with $10.4 billion, 

of which $763 million was allocated to the NHLBI. 

The Institute’s funding plan strikes a balance 

between increasing the number of investigator-initiated research grants and supporting signature projects through the following mechanisms: NHLBI 

research grants (through expansion of FY 2008 and 

FY 2009 paylines), participation in NIH-wide administrative supplements, and participation in NIH-wide 

ARRA RFAs.

NHLBI Research Grants-Expansion 

of FY 2008 and FY 2009 Paylines

The NHLBI used a portion of the ARRA funds to 

support investigator-initiated research grant applications that had just missed the paylines in FY 2008 

and FY 2009. The following proposals were funded 

by the NHLBI:

•	 Highly meritorious investigator-initiated R01

and R21 applications that ranked from the 15.1 

to 25.0 percentile and were viewed as being 

capable of making significant advances with a

2-year grant.

•	 Early Stage Investigator-initiated applications

up to the 35.0 percentile. The first 2 years will

be supported by ARRA funds. The remaining 

years will be funded by regularly appropriated 

funds.

•	 New Investigator-initiated applications that

ranked from the 20.1 to 30.0 percentile and 

were viewed as being capable of making significant advances in 2 years.

Administrative Supplements

An administrative supplement is an increment in 

funding to support research that is within the original 

scope of an active NIH research grant (parent grant). 

Requests for administrative supplements for NHLBI 

grants do not require evaluation by an initial peerreview group but are subject to review and approval 

by NHLBI program and grants management staff.

The NHLBI funded administrative supplements to 

active R01 and R21 grants. The NHLBI’s supplements under the ARRA support research employment 

opportunities for new full-time-equivalent employees 

who are predoctoral students, postdoctoral trainees or 

fellows, or recent college and master’s degree graduates. Priority was given to requests from investigators who were qualified to receive their current 

awards as Early Stage Investigators or New 

Investigators.

The NHLBI also funded administrative supplements under the following NIH-wide initiatives:

•	 Administrative Supplements Providing Summer Research Experiences for Students and 

Science Educators: To support summer 
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Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

research opportunities for high school and college 

students and science educators (e.g., elementary, 

middle, and high school teachers; community college faculty; and faculty from non-research intensive institutions).

•	 Research Supplements To Promote Diversity in 

Health-Related Research: To provide supplements 

to research grants to improve the diversity of the 

research workforce by supporting and recruiting students, postdoctorates, and eligible investigators from 

groups that have been shown to be underrepresented 

in science.

•	 Research Supplements To Promote Reentry Into 

Biomedical and Behavioral Research Careers: 

To support individuals with high potential to reenter 

an active research career after a qualifying interruption for family or other responsibilities.

NHLBI Participation in NIH-Wide 

ARRA RFAs

NIH Challenge Grants in Health and Science 

Research (RC1)

Challenge grants support research on specific biomedical and behavioral research areas that can be substantially advanced by significant 2-year jumpstart funds. 

The NIH identified broad Challenge Areas focused on 

specific knowledge gaps, scientific opportunities, new 

technologies, data generation, or research methods, and 

the NHLBI identified specific Challenge Topics within 

the broad Challenge Areas that reflect the Institute’s 

views about priority areas for funding. 

Research and Research Infrastructure “Grand 

Opportunities” (GO) (RC2)

GO grants support projects that address large, specific 

biomedical and behavioral research endeavors that will 

benefit from significant 2-year investments without the 

expectation of continued funding from NIH. Research 

supported by this program is expected to provide a high 

short-term return and offer a high likelihood of enabling 

growth and investment in biomedical research and development, public health, and health care delivery. The 

NHLBI identified the following priority topics for GO 

grants:

•	 Comparative Effectiveness Research

•	 Novel Methods of Monitoring Health Disparities

•	 The NHLBI BioResource Program: Creation of

Resources Designed To Accelerate Scientific Progress in the Areas of Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases; Cellular Therapies; and Blood Safety

•	 Large-Scale DNA Sequencing and Molecular Profiling of Well-Phenotyped NHLBI Cohorts

•	 Next Steps in Gene Discovery: Building Upon

GWAS (Genome-wide Association Studies)

•	 Characterizing Differentiated Heart, Lung, and

Blood Cells Derived by Reprogramming Human

Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

•	 Testing of Mechanistic Hypotheses Generated by

Findings From Genetic and Genomic Studies of 

Heart, Vascular, Lung, and Blood Disorders

•	 Translation of Fundamental Research Findings Into

Clinical Treatments for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases (including the NHLBI Translational Research 

Implementation Program (TRIP); the Phase II Clinical Trials Program of Novel Therapies for Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Diseases; and the Ancillary Studies

Program)

Supporting New Faculty Recruitment To 

Enhance Research Resources Through 

Biomedical Research Core Centers (P30)

The P30 program was designed to enable institutions 

to augment or expand their biomedical research efforts 

by hiring newly independent investigators and providing 

them with appropriate startup packages and the resources 

needed to develop pilot research projects.

Other RFAs Funded Under ARRA

Small Grants for Lung Tissue Research (R03)

This program will enable tissue-based research on two 

common but complex and difficult-to-treat lung diseases: 

interstitial fibrotic lung disease and COPD. Funds from

the ARRA will expand substantially the Institute’s lung 

tissue research program by enabling support for nine 

additional grants. 

Functional Characterization of Genetic Variants 

and Interactions: The Genes, Environment, and 

Health Initiative (R21) 

This program—which is part of the NIH Genes, 

Environment, and Health Initiative—will determine the 
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functional relevance of associated genetic variant(s) to 

common diseases. It will focus solely on functional 

characterization of gene variants that are strongly suggested to be associated with common but complex 

human diseases identified through candidate gene, 

genome-wide association studies, and other approaches.

Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER)

Approximately $1.1 billion of the ARRA funds were 

allocated to CER, of which the NIH received $400 million. The NIH used the funds to support 2-year investigator-initiated projects, including payline expansions, 

Challenge grants, GO grants, and such other activities as 

supplements and contracts. The projects supported by 

the funds met the Federal Coordinating Council definition of CER, that is:

Comparative effectiveness research is the conduct 

and synthesis of research comparing the benefits 

and harms of different interventions and strategies 

to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions in “real world” settings. The purpose of this 

research is to improve health outcomes by developing and disseminating evidence-based information 

to patients, clinicians, and other decision makers, 

responding to their expressed needs, about which 

interventions are most effective for which patients 

under specific circumstances.

Signature Projects

DNA Sequencing of NHLBI’s Well-Phenotyped 

Population Cohorts for the Identification 

of Disease-Causing Genetic Variants and 

Understanding of Biological Pathways

Although genome-wide association studies have been 

successful in identifying high frequency genetic variants 

of modest effect size that are associated with numerous

common complex traits and diseases—including myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, 

chronic pulmonary disease, and anemia—they are incapable of identifying actual disease-causing genetic variants, especially those of lower frequency and potentially 

larger effects. Finding such variants requires large-scale 

DNA sequencing of thousands of individuals from wellphenotyped populations. With recent technological 

advances, the feasibility of such a project is now within 

reach, and a strong argument can be made that the wellphenotyped NHLBI cohorts are the logical place to start. 

The NHLBI is supporting six GO (RC2) grants, 

including two sequencing centers, under this signature 

program. The NIH Office of the Director is providing

funds to help support one of the sequencing centers.

Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine

The NHLBI is committed to catalyzing basic and clinical stem cell research that will lead to the development 

of regenerative therapies for the treatment of heart, lung, 

and blood diseases. Recent advances, including the 

induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic 

cells and the directed differentiation of stem cells into a 

variety of cellular derivatives, hold great promise for 

future therapeutic application. However, important gaps 

remain in understanding the characteristics of stem and 

progenitor cells, the mechanisms of their differentiation, 

and the unique attributes of resultant differentiated states. 

In addition, the degree to which differentiation of stem 

cells in the laboratory recapitulates the in vivo characteristics of tissues and organs remains unclear, and fundamental knowledge of cardiovascular and pulmonary stem 

and progenitor cell biology lags behind that for hematopoietic cells.

To address these gaps, the NHLBI is supporting four 

GO (RC2) grants under this signature program.

Translation of Fundamental Research Findings 

Into Clinical Treatments for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases

The ultimate goal of biomedical research is to make 

discoveries that can used to improve public health. 

Fundamental research studies in cells, tissues, and animal 

models and investigations of biomarkers and functional 

genomics have greatly expanded understanding of the 

pathogenesis of many heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

have provided a range of potential new approaches for 

their prevention and treatment. Yet the translation of 

basic research findings to clinical testing has often been 

disappointingly slow, with good ideas and new findings 

sometimes languishing for years before being tested for 

efficacy in a clinical setting. ARRA funds provide an 

excellent opportunity to stimulate translational research 

and thereby hasten the transition of research findings into 

clinical practice. The NHLBI will fund 10 GO (RC2) 

grants in two program areas:
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Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

•	 Stage 1 of the NHLBI Translational Research 

Implementation Program (TRIP): To accelerate 

the translation of fundamental research ideas into 

proof-of-concept efficacy testing in patients. The

2-year Stage 1 TRIP awards will support preliminary studies that culminate in the development of 

ready-to-conduct clinical trials. The awards will 

fund the activities required to design clinical trials to 

evaluate safety and efficacy of new modalities to

treat and prevent heart, lung, and blood diseases 

based on promising ideas that have emerged from 

basic research. For the Stage 2 TRIP, the NHLBI 

will use regularly appropriated funds to support the 

most meritorious trials developed in Stage 1.

•	 Phase II Clinical Trials Program of Novel Therapies for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases: To 

support Phase II clinical trials of novel therapies and 

diagnostic strategies for heart, lung, and blood diseases that offer the potential to change clinical practice and are ready to be tested in patients. It will 

also support the designs of innovative clinical trials. 

The supported research is expected to result in highquality data that will lead to efficacy or Phase III

trials. This program will assess only interventions 

and strategies that offer high promise for modifying 

current treatments or diagnostic approaches or altering the course of a disease.

NHLBI Participation in NIH-Wide ARRA 

RFAs With Award Dates in FY 2010

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15)

The AREA program stimulates research in educational 

institutions that provide baccalaureate or advanced 

degrees for a significant number of the Nation’s research 

scientists but have not been major recipients of NIH support. AREA grants support small-scale health-related 

research projects that are proposed by faculty members 

of eligible domestic institutions.

Biomedical Research, Development, and Growth 

To Spur the Acceleration of New Technologies 

Pilot Program (BRDG-SPAN) (RC3)

The BRDG-SPAN is a pilot program that addresses the

funding gap between promising research and development (R&D) and transition to the market by contributing

funding needed by applicants to pursue the next appropriate milestone(s) toward ultimate commercialization. The

goal of the BRDG-SPAN is to accelerate the transition of

research innovations and technologies toward the development of products or services that will improve human 

health, help advance the mission of the NHLBI, and create significant value and economic stimulus. This program will also foster partnerships among a variety of 

R&D collaborators.

Small Business Catalyst Awards for Accelerating 

Innovative Research (R43)

This program accelerates innovation through highrisk, high-reward R&D that has commercial potential and

is relevant to the mission of the NIH. The award supports entrepreneurs of exceptional creativity who are 

drawn from scientific and technological environments 

beyond those usually involved in NIH-supported 

research and who have proposed pioneering and possibly 

transformative approaches to addressing major biomedical or behavioral challenges with the potential for downstream commercial development.

Building Community-linked Infrastructure To 

Enable Health Science Research (RC4)

This program supports the development, expansion, or 

reconfiguration of infrastructures that are needed to facilitate collaborations between academic health centers and 

community-based organizations for health science

research. These 3-year awards are funded by the NIH 

Office of the Director, and the NHLBI is administering

two grants under this solicitation.

Methodology Development in CER (RC4)

This program supports projects to develop, enhance, 

or evaluate methodologies to improve the efficiency, 

validity, and credibility of CER. These 3-year awards are 

funded with NIH CER funds, and the NHLBI is administering three grants under this solicitation.

NIH Director’s Opportunity for Research in 

Five Thematic Areas (RC4)

This program supports projects to develop and implement critical research innovations in one or more of the 

following five thematic areas: 

•	 Applying Genomics and Other High Throughput

Technologies
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Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

•	 Translating Basic Science Discoveries Into New and

Better Treatments

•	 Using Science To Enable Health Care Reform

•	 Focusing on Global Health

•	 Reinvigorating the Biomedical Research

Community

This program enables scientists to address these 

unique challenges by engaging in new avenues of 

research through which progress would produce a significant impact on the growth of and investment in biomedical or behavioral science and/or health research. These 

3-year projects are supported by ARRA funds from the 

NIH Office of the Director, and the NHLBI is administering two grants under this solicitation. 

NIH Basic Behavioral and Social Science 

Opportunity Network (BBSS OppNet) ShortTerm Mentored Career Development Awards 

in the BBSSs for Mid-Career and Senior 

Investigators (K18)

This program supports short-term mentored career 

development awards for established, mid-career, and 

senior investigators to support their development of 

research capabilities in BBSS research. The NHLBI is 

administering two grants under this solicitation.

NHLBI Participation in NIH-Funded 

Competitive Revisions With Award Dates 

in FY 2010

Competitive Revisions Through the NIH BBSS 

OppNet (R01, R03, R15, R21/R33, R37)

This program supports competitive revision (formerly 

called competitive supplements) grants for relevant 

active research projects to accelerate, expand, and/or 

strengthen BBSS research. The grants are funded 

through the BBSS OppNet, and the NHLBI is administering two grants under this solicitation.
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Chapter 15. Activities Supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

NHLBI ARRA-Supported Activities Initiated in Fiscal Year 2009

Category Program and Mechanism*

Number 

of Awards

Funding 

(Dollars in Millions)**

NIH Support 

(Dollars in Millions)**

Research GrantsExpanded PaylinesR01/R21s 328 292 21

NIH-Wide 

Administrative 

Supplements

Administrative Supplements 382 88

Research Supplements To 

Promote Diversity in HealthRelated Research

17 1

Research Supplements To 

Promote Reentry Into Biomedical 

and Behavioral Research Careers

3 1

Administrative Supplements 

Providing Summer Research 

Experiences for Students and 

Science Educators

120 1 3

NIH-Wide ARRA 

RFAs

Challenge Grants (RC1) 108 102 28

Grand Opportunities (RC2) 48 199 84

Supporting New Faculty 

Recruitment To Enhance 

Research Resources Through 

Biomedical Research Core 

Centers (P30)

35 40

Other RFAs Functional Characterization of

Genetic Variants and Interactions: 

The Genes, Environment, and 

Health Initiative (R21)

4 3.4

Small Grants for Lung Tissue 

Research (R03)

22 3.3

*	 Does not include mechanisms with funding received after 2009. ** Two-year total costs.

NHLBI ARRA-Supported Activities Initiated in Fiscal Year 2010

Category Program and Mechanism

Number 

of Awards

Funding 

(Dollars in Millions)

NIH-Wide RFAs Academic Research Enhancement 

Awards (R15)

3 1

Biomedical Research, 

Development and Growth To

Spur the Acceleration of New 

Technologies Pilot Program 

(RC3)

6 16

Small Business Catalyst Awards 

for Accelerating Innovative 

Research

14 3

Challenge Grants (RC1)—Human 

Embryonic Stem Cells

4 4
Appendixes

Types of Research Activity

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

201

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

Types of Research Activity

Research Projects

Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete and specific projects to be performed by one or 

several investigators in areas of the investigator’s 

particular interests and competencies.

Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator’s specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic 

participation by the NHLBI during performance 

of the activity.

Research Program (Cooperative Agreement) 

(U10): To support a research program of multiple 

projects, requiring a broadly-based, multidisciplinary 

and often long-term approach, directed toward a specific major objective, common theme, or program 

goal relevant to the Institute’s mission. The award 

involves substantial programmatic involvement by 

NHLBI staff to assist investigators during performance of the research activities.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects conducted by faculty in primarily baccalaureate degree-granting domestic institutions. Awards 

are for up to $75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable 

indirect costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To 

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Clinical Trial Planning Grant (R34): To support 

the initial development of a clinical trial, including 

establishment of the research team; development of 

tools for data management and oversight of the 

research; development of a trial design and other 

essential elements of the study, such as the protocol, 

recruitment strategies, and procedure manuals; and 

to collect feasibility data.

Clinical Planning Grant Cooperative Agreement 

(U34): To support the initial development of a clinical trial, including establishment of the research 

team; development of tools for data management and 

oversight of the research; development of a trial 

design and other essential elements of the study, such 

as the protocol, recruitment strategies, and procedure 

manuals; and to collect feasibility data. The award 

involves substantial programmatic involvement by 

NHLBI staff to assist investigators during performance of the research activities.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding 

manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support.

NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (DP1): To support 

individual scientists of exceptional creativity who 

propose pioneering approaches to major contemporary challenges in biomedical research. 
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NIH Director’s New Innovator Award (DP2): To support exceptionally creative new investigators who propose highly innovative approaches that have the potential 

to produce an unusually high impact. The New Innovator Award will emphasize the importance and potential 

impact of the scientific problem, the novelty and innovativeness of the approach, and the applicant’s potential for 

creative and innovative research.

Linked Research Project Grant (RL1): To support a 

discrete, specified, circumscribed project that is administratively linked to another project or projects.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative R&D 

projects between small business concerns and research 

institutions, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of ideas that have potential 

for commercialization. Awards are made to small business concerns only.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth development of cooperative R&D projects between small business concerns and research institutions, limited in time 

and amount, whose feasibility has been established in 

phase I and that have potential for commercialization. 

Awards are made to small business concerns only.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited in time and 

amount, to establish the technical merit and feasibility of 

research and development ideas that may ultimately lead 

to commercial products or services.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants, 

Phase II (R44): To support research project ideas that 

have been shown to be feasible in phase I and that are 

likely to result in commercially marketable products or 

services.

Research Centers

Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary 

programs that offer potential solutions to problems of 

special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

Center Core Grants (P30): To support shared resources 

and facilities for basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational research in the prevention, detection, and treatment 

of HIV infection and AIDS. 

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) Grants (P50): To foster multidisciplinary 

research on clinically relevant questions enabling basic 

science findings to be applied more rapidly to clinical 

problems. Research focuses on clinical and basic scientific issues related to diseases and disorders that are relevant to the mission of the NHLBI. The SCCOR program 

places more emphasis on clinical research than the 

SCOR program and requires at least 50 percent of the 

funded projects to be clinical.

Comprehensive Specialized Research Center Grants 

(U54): To support a large, interrelated biomedical 

research program focused on a disorder within the 

Institute’s mandate; to initiate and expand community 

education, screening, and counseling programs; and to 

educate medical and allied health professionals concerning problems of diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases such as sickle cell anemia.

Research Career Programs

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01): To support underrepresented 

minority faculty members with varying levels of research 

experience to prepare them for research careers as independent investigators.

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01): To provide support for training in 

research ethics for health professionals working at academic and other health-related institutions in biomedical, 

behavioral, or public health research, particularly 

research involving human participants.

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01): To support faculty members at minority institutions who have the interest and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research in 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease or in 

sleep disorders.

Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in the 
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders.

Academic Award (K07): To support an individual with 

an academic appointment to introduce or improve a disease curriculum that will enhance the academic or 

research environment of the applicant institution as well 

as further the individual’s own career. This award series 

included the Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Diseases 

Academic Awards, the Tuberculosis Academic Award, 

the Sleep Academic Award, and the Nutrition Academic 

Award. Currently, the Cultural Competence and Health 

Disparities Academic Award and the Pediatric Transfusion Medicine Academic Award programs are being 

supported.

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08): To 

provide an opportunity for clinically trained physicians 

to develop research skills and gain experience in advanced research methods and experimental approaches 

in basic and applied sciences relevant to cardiovascular, 

pulmonary, and hematological diseases.

Research Career Development Program in Vascular 

Medicine (K12): To promote comprehensive clinical 

research training for physicians wanting to specialize in 

vascular medicine. The goal is to prepare clinicians for 

academic roles in mentoring and leadership in clinical 

research in vascular medicine.

Research Career Development Program in Clinical 

Hematology (K12): To develop and evaluate multidisciplinary career development programs in clinical 

hematology research that will equip new academic 

researchers with the knowledge and skills to address 

complex problems in blood diseases, transfusion medicine, and cellular therapies.

Research Career Development Program in the 

Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases (K12): To 

develop multidisciplinary career development programs 

in genetics and genomics of lung diseases that will equip 

new investigators with the knowledge and skills to elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of such diseases.

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18): To enable established investigators to acquire 

new research capabilities in the use of human or animal 

embryonic, adult, or cord blood stem cells. All candidates must have a sponsor, either within their own or at 

another institution, who is a well-qualified stem cell 

expert to serve as a mentor.

NHLBI Career Transition Award (K22): To support 

the postdoctoral research training of an outstanding 

individual in an NHLBI intramural laboratory for up to 

3 years and subsequently, to support the individual’s 

successful transition from postdoctoral research to an 

extramural environment as an independent researcher.

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23): To provide support for 

career development to investigators who have made a 

commitment to focus their research endeavors on patientoriented research. 

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25): To provide support to investigators with 

quantitative science or engineering backgrounds who 

have made a commitment to focus their research on basic 

or clinical biomedicine, bioengineering, bioimaging, or 

behavioral sciences.

Pathway to Independence (K99/R00): To provide up 

to 5 years support in two phases to highly promising 

postdoctoral scientists to pursue research relevant to the 

Institute. The K99 phase consists of 1 to 2 years 

mentored support followed by up to 3 years of 

independent support (R00) contingent on securing an 

independent research position. Award recipients will be 

expected to compete successfully for independent 

research grant support from the NIH or other Institutions 

during the independence phase to ensure continued 

support and a smooth transition to independence.

Other Research Grants

Scientific Evaluation (R09): To provide funds to the 

chairman of an initial review group for operation of the 

review group.

Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. 

These grants usually involve collaborative efforts among 
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Types of Research Activity

several institutions and principal investigators and are 

conducted under a formal protocol.

Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To provide support designed to develop, test, and 

evaluate health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To support research projects that will enhance the capability of 

resources to serve biomedical research in areas related 

to cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

Education Projects (R25): To provide support for the 

development and implementation of a program as it 

relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation.

Minority Biomedical Research Support Grants 

(S06): To strengthen the biomedical research and 

research training capability of minority institutions and 

to assist in increasing the involvement of minority faculty and students in biomedical research.

Research Enhancement Award (SC1): To support 

individual investigator-initiated research projects aimed 

at developing researchers at minority-serving institutions 

to a stage where they can transition successfully to other 

extramural support.

Pilot Project Award (SC2): To support underrepresented minorities who are at the beginning stages of a 

research career and interested in testing a new idea or 

generating preliminary data, or who are more experienced investigators and interested in switching to a different field of research.

Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To 

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit 

institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of 

continuing professional education, especially for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

National Swine Research and Resource Center (U42): 

To support a National Swine Research and Resource 

Center that will serve as a resource for depositing, maintaining, preserving, and distributing swine models for 

studies of human diseases, as well as cryopreservation, 

storage, and reconstitution of embryos and germplasm.

Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To strengthen and augment the human 

resources at historically black colleges and universities 

(HBCU) by recruiting an established research scientist 

into their biomedical or behavioral sciences department; 

to enhance the career of the recruited research scientist; 

and to strengthen other HBCU resources for the conduct 

of biomedical or behavioral research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders.

Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Individual Predoctoral M.D./Ph.D. NRSA (F30): To 

provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research 

training in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; sleep disorders leading toward a 

combined M.D./Ph.D. degree. Training under this award 

is designed to provide a foundation for a career as a 

physician-scientist in the areas of interest to the NHLBI.

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden their 

scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources.

NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 

research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 
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Types of Research Activity

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral students, or health professions students may be supported 

under this program.

MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35M): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen 

the research and teaching capabilities of minority 

institutions.

Other Support

Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or 

evaluate a product, material, device, or component for 

use by the scientific community.

Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or service(s).

NIH Inter-Agency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal Agency to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

Minority Research Supplements Programs: To provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, 

and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators.

207

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACCORD Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

AHEAD Action for Health in Diabetes

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALLHAT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial

AMI acute myocardial infarction

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

AREA Academic Research Enhancement 

Awards

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment 

Act

ATP III Adult Treatment Panel III

BABY HUG Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial

BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics

BEE Board of Extramural Experts

BTRP Basic and Translational Research 

Program

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

CAMP–CS/ Childhood Asthma Management 

Phase II Program–Continuation Study/Phase II

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults

CDC Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention

CF cystic fibrosis

CHD coronary heart disease

CHS Cardiovascular Health Study

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COPTR Childhood Obesity Prevention and 

Treatment Research

CPHHD Centers for Population Health and 

Health Disparities

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DARD Division for the Application of Research 

Discoveries

DASH Dietary Approaches To Stop 

Hypertension

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and 

Resources

DCVS Division of Cardiovascular Sciences

DERA Division of Extramural Research Affairs

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

EARLY Early Adult Reduction of Weight 

Through LifestYle Intervention

EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid

FY fiscal year

GO Grand Opportunity (ARRA grants)

GOCADAN Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in 

Alaska Natives

GTRP Gene Therapy Resource Program

NHLBI FY 2009 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
208

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

GWAS genome-wide association study

HBCU historically black college and university

HCHS Hispanic Community Health Study

HEW Department of Health, Education, and 

Welfare (now HHS)

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly 

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

ICD International Classification of Diseases

JHS Jackson Heart Study

JNC V Fifth Report of the Joint National 

Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, 

and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MCSD mechanical circulatory support device

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCI National Cancer Institute

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

NHANES National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education 

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

NIH National Institutes of Health

NINDS National Institute of Neurological 

Disorders and Stroke

NRSA National Research Service Award

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

PA Program Announcement

PHS Public Health Service

POWER Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight 

Reduction

REDS-II Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor 

Study-II

RFA Request for Applications

RFP Request for Proposals

RPG research project grant

RuSH Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCCOR Specialized Center of Clinically 

Oriented Research

SCOR Specialized Center of Research

SDB sleep disordered breathing

SES socioeconomic status

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome
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NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

SOYA Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma

SPRINT Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention 

Trial

STAN Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

SWiTCH Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 

Hydroxyurea

TB tuberculosis

WHI Women’s Health Initiative

211

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Index

Index

A

Abbreviated Staff Directory, 1–7

Abbreviations, 207–209

Action To Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes 

(ACCORD), 29, 122, 126, 127, 152

Activities To Promote Diversity and Address Health Disparities, 

141–159

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNet), 122, 126, 135

Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal With 

Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (ATTRACT), 

86, 97, 119, 121

AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin To Prevent Vascular Events, 85, 

87, 116, 120

Airway Smooth Muscle Function and Targeted Therapeutics in 

Human Asthma, 152

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, 193–198

Ancillary Studies in Clinical Trials, 157

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 26, 27, 29, 122, 126, 127

Application of Metabolomics for Translational and Biological 

Research, 56

Asthma Networks (AsthmaNet), 85, 93, 125, 126, 135, 153

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 106, 107, 142

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study 

(ARIC-NCS), 85, 87

B

Bariatric Surgery: Pilot Studies for Studying Mechanisms of 

Improvement on Cardiovascular, Lung, and Sleep Diseases, 

56

Basic and Translational Research Program (See also Sickle Cell 

Centers), 67, 68, 79, 102, 141, 157

Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information 

Coordinating Center (BioLINCC), 106, 112–113

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 86, 

97, 125, 126, 137, 158

Bridging Anticoagulation on Patients Requiring Temporary 

Interruption of Warfarin Therapy for an Elective Invasive 

Procedure or Surgery (BRIDGE) Trial, 86, 98, 119, 121

Budget History, FY 1950–2010, 69–70

Budget Overview, Obligations by Funding Mechanism, FY 

2010, 67–68

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, 68

Cardiovascular Diseases Program, 68

Extramural Obligations, 68

Lung Diseases Program, 68

C

Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe), 106, 107

Cardiac Translational Research Implementation Program 

(C-TRIP), 53, 102

Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network, 85, 87, 124, 

127–128

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 106, 107–108

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Events Follow-Up Study, 

85, 87

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions 

(CORAL), 85, 87–88, 116, 120

Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial 

Fibrillation (CABANA) Trial, 85, 88, 117, 126

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Arterial Stiffening and 

Its Relationship to the Development of Hypertension, 53

Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, 54, 85, 88

Centers for AIDS Research, 67, 68, 79, 103

Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities, 56, 99, 

143

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase III, 85, 93, 118, 120, 152

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research 

(COPTR), 56, 85, 88, 125, 126, 128, 148

Clarification of Optimal Anticoagulation Through Genetics 

(COAG), 106, 108, 122, 126, 128

Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization 

(CLEVER), 85, 88, 116, 120

Clinical Research Consortium To Improve Resuscitation 

Outcomes, 57, 85, 88, 124, 126, 128–129
212

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Index

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 115–139

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 2000–2010, 122–123

cooperative agreements, FY 2000–2010, 124–125

summary by program, FY 2010, 126

Investigator-initiated, FY 2000–2010, 115–119

summary by program, FY 2010, 120–121

Community-Based Partnerships for Childhood Obesity 

Prevention and Control Research, 57

Community-Responsive Intervention To Reduce 

Cardiovascular Risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives, 

85, 88, 124, 126, 129, 143–144

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)

Cooperative Agreements, 9, 53, 59, 79, 85–86, 87–98, 115–119, 

120–121, 124–125, 126, 127–139, 201

COPD Clinical Research Network, 85, 93, 125, 126, 135–136, 

154

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA), 106, 107, 108, 142, 149

Cultural Competence and Health Disparities Academic Award, 

79, 143, 165, 166, 203 

D

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study—Phase II, 85, 

89, 124, 126, 129–130, 152

Directed Stem Cell Differentiation for Cell-Based Therapies for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 54

Disease statistics

adult population with hypertension, 49

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 33, 37, 39

death rates for heart diseases, 33, 37–42

death rates for lung diseases, 34, 43, 45, 46

death rates for stroke, 40

deaths attributed to heart failure, 39

deaths by major causes, 35

deaths from blood diseases, 34, 35–36

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 33–34, 35–37

deaths from lung diseases, 34, 35–36, 44

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 41

economic costs of illness, 33–34, 51–52

hospitalization rates for heart failure, 34, 50

percent change in age-adjusted death rates for selected 

causes, 43

persons experiencing asthma episodes in previous 12 months, 

50

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 46

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 48

prevalence of common cardiovascular and lung diseases, 

47–48

ten leading causes of death, 38

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 38

Division for the Application of Research Discoveries, 9, 17, 144

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 15–16, 21

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, 9, 11–14

Division of Intramural Research, 9, 16–17, 21

Division of Lung Diseases, 9, 14–15, 21

DNA Resequencing and Genotyping, 106, 108

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 

85, 89

E

Early Adult Reduction of Weight Through LifestYle 

Intervention (EARLY) Trials, 85, 89, 124, 126, 130, 148

Effectiveness Research on Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized 

Patients, 56, 85, 89, 125, 126, 130, 150

Employment, FY 2000–2010, 73

Exploratory/Developmental Clinical Research Grants in 

Obesity, 55

Exploratory Studies in the Neurobiology of Pain in Sickle Cell 

Disease, 158

Extramural research funding 

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 2000–2010, 73, 

75–76

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 2000–2010, 75, 

77

F

Framingham Heart Study, 22, 24, 29, 106, 108–109

Functional Modeling of Pediatric Upper Airway Disorders, 54

Funding of grants, contracts, and training by:

foreign country and institution, FY 2010:

Argentina, 190; Australia, 190; Canada, 190; Colombia, 

190; Hungary, 190; Iceland, 190; New Zealand, 190; Peru, 

190; Switzerland, 190; Uganda, 191;United Kingdom, 

191; Zimbabwe, 191

state or territory and institution, FY 2010:

Alabama, 172; Arizona, 172; Arkansas, 172; California, 

172–174; Colorado, 174; Connecticut, 174; Delaware, 174; 

District of Columbia, 175; Florida, 175; Georgia, 175; 

Hawaii, 175; Illinois, 176; Indiana, 176; Iowa, 176; 

Kansas, 177; Kentucky, 177; Louisiana, 177; Maine, 177; 

Maryland, 177–178; Massachusetts, 178–180; Michigan, 
213

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Index

180; Minnesota, 180; Mississippi, 180; Missouri, 180–181; 

Montana, 181; Nebraska, 181; Nevada, 181; New 

Hampshire, 181; New Jersey, 181–182; New Mexico, 182; 

New York, 182–183; North Carolina, 183–184; Ohio, 184; 

Oklahoma, 184–185; Oregon, 185; Pennsylvania, 185; 

Rhode Island, 186; South Carolina, 186; South Dakota, 

186; Tennessee, 186; Texas, 187; Utah, 188; Vermont, 188; 

Virginia, 188; Washington, 188–189; West Virginia, 189; 

Wisconsin, 189; Wyoming, 189; Puerto Rico, 189

G

Genetic Epidemiology of COPD, 86, 93–94

Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Other 

Cardiovascular Conditions (GenTAC): National Registry, 

106, 109

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives 

(GOCADAN), 85, 89, 143

Global Health Centers of Excellence, 106, 109

H

Health Behaviors in School-Age Children—A Longitudinal 

Study, 56

Heart Failure Clinical Research Network, 85, 89, 124, 126, 

130–131, 146

Hispanic Community Health Study (HCHS), 106, 109, 143, 149

I

Important events in NHLBI history, 19–31

Improved Measures of Diet and Physical Activity for the Genes 

and Environment Initiative, 85, 89

Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment, 55

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 161–

164, 204–205

Individual Predoctoral Fellowships To Promote Diversity in 

Health-Related Research, 56–57

Infant Study of Inhaled Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (ISIS), 86, 94, 

118, 120

Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support 

(INTERMACS), 57, 106,110

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 106, 107, 110, 141

L

Longitudinal Studies of HIV-Associated Lung Infections and 

Complications, 155–156

Long-Term Oxygen Treatment Trial (LOTT), 123, 126, 136

Look AHEAD: Action for Health in Diabetes, 85, 89, 124, 126, 

131, 152

Lung Tissue Research Consortium, 106, 112

Lung Transplantation: Planning Grants for Clinical Trials of 

Novel Therapies, 54

M

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 106, 

113

Mentored Career Award for Faculty at Minority Serving 

Institutions, 54

Mentored Career Development Award To Promote Faculty 

Diversity/Re-Entry in Biomedical Research, 55

Microbiome of the Lung and Respiratory Tract in HIV-Infected 

Individuals and HIV-Uninfected Controls, 86, 94, 156

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research, 79, 

165, 166, 203

Minority Institutional Research Training Program, 55

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 106, 107, 110, 

143, 149, 152

N

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council, 59; 

membership, 60

National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 57

National Registry of Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic 

Aneurysms and Other Cardiovascular Conditions, 55

National Research Service Awards for Senior Fellows, 55

Network for Cardiothoracic Surgical Investigations in 

Cardiovascular Medicine, 85, 90, 124, 126, 131

NHLBI Cardiac Development Consortium, 85, 90

NHLBI Centers for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, 54

NHLBI Gene Therapy Resource Program (GTRP), 106, 111

NHLBI Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium, 85, 90

NHLBI Pediatric Translational Consortium Administrative 

Coordinating Center, 85, 90

NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium, 85, 90–91

NHLBI Programs of Excellence in Nanotechnology, 53, 106, 

111

NHLBI–CDC Registry and Surveillance System in 

Hemoglobinopathies (RuSH), 106, 113, 158–159
214

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Index

NIH Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities, 99

Novel Therapies for Lung Diseases—Phase II, 54, 86, 94, 125, 

126, 136–137

Nutrition and Physical Activity Research To Promote 

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Health, 56

O

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2010, 67–68

Obligations trends, FY 2000–2010,

budget category:

constant 2000 dollars, 71–72

current dollars, 71–72

budget history, 69–70

funding mechanism, 73, 75–77

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards, 

74–75

Occluded Artery Trial, 29, 85, 91, 116, 120

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2010 (See 

Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Office of Research Training and Minority Health, 2, 142

P

Pediatric Heart Network, 85, 91, 124, 126, 132

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (Limited Competition), 55

Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)—Data and 

Operations Center, 124, 126, 132

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

123, 126, 138, 157

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 86, 94

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 85, 91

Pharmacogenomics Research Network, 56

Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for 

Acute DVT–ATTRACT Trial, 86, 97, 119, 121

Physical Activity To Prevent Disability Trial, 56

Practice-Based Opportunity for Weight Reduction (POWER) 

Trials, 85, 91, 124, 126, 132, 148

Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP), 54, 

86, 94–95

Preterm Birth in Nulliparous Women: An Understudied 

Population at Great Risk, 86, 95

Production Assistance for Cellular Therapies, 54, 106, 113

Program Advisory and Review Committees, 59–65

Program Overview, 9–17

Programs To Increase Diversity Among Individuals Engaged in 

Health-Related Research, 55

Proteomics Initiative, 53, 106, 111

Pumps for Kids, Infants, and Neonates (PumpKIN), 54, 106, 

112

R

Randomized Controlled Study of Adenotonsillectomy for 

Childhood Sleep Apnea, 86, 95, 118, 121, 155

Randomized Evaluation of VAD Intervention Before Inotropic 

Therapy Feasibility Trial, 57

Randomized Trial of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS), 

86, 95, 119, 121

Randomized Trial of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation To 

Prevent Childhood Asthma, 86, 95–96, 119, 121

Ranolazine in Implantable Defibrillators (RAID), 85, 91–92

Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Through Treatment of 

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 55

Research Activity, types of, 201–205

Research and development contracts (See also individual programs and studies), 67, 73–77, 105–114

by program, FY 2010, 68

Research Career Programs, 67–68, 73–77, 79–80, 82, 165, 

202–203

awards, FY 2000–2010, 161

minority biomedical research, FY 2000–2010, 167

obligation trends, FY 2000–2010, 167

Research grants,

by category, FY 2010, 80

by funding mechanism, 89

clinical trials, 115–121

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 2000–2010, 

74–75, 82

obligation trends, FY 2000–2010, 76

Research project grants

amount funded, FY 2000–2010, 80, 83

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 2000–2010, 81

average costs, FY 2000–2010, 84

by funding mechanism, 79

by program, 68

facility and administrative costs, 83

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs),

full-time training positions, FY 2000–2010, 161–162, 164

history of training obligations, FY 2000–2010, 163

minority biomedical obligations, 167
215

NHLBI FY 2010 Fact Book

Index

research career programs: awards and obligations, FY 2000–

2010, 165–166

supplements program: awards and obligations, FY 2000–

2010, 168–169

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II (REDS-II), 106, 

113–114

Role of Cardiomyocyte in Heart Disease: An Integrated 

Approach, 54

Rule Out Myocardial Infarction Using Computed Assisted 

Tomography (ROMICAT II), 85, 92, 117, 120

S

Safe and Effective Instruments and Devices for Use in the 

Neonatal Intensive Care Units, 56

Sedation Management in Pediatric Patients With Acute 

Respiratory Failure, 86, 96, 118, 121

Severe Asthma Research Program, 152

Short-Term Research Education Program To Increase Diversity 

in Health-Related Research, 55

Sickle Cell Centers, 67, 68, 79, 102

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network, 125, 158

Sickle Cell Disease Health-Related Quality of Life 

Questionnaire, 106, 114

Sildenafil for Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary 

Hypertension, 31, 158

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 106, 114

Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented Research 

(SCCOR) in

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 99, 100

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Diseases, 99, 101

Host Factors in Chronic Lung Diseases, 99, 100

Pulmonary Vascular Disease, 99, 100

Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling, 99, 100

Stem Cell Research: Career Enhancement Award, 56

Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea 

(SWiTCH), 86, 97, 119, 121, 158

Strong Heart Study, 23, 85, 92, 142

Study of Acid Reflux Therapy for Children With Asthma, 86, 

96

Study of Asthma and Nasal Steroids (STAN), 86, 96, 118, 121

Study of Low Molecular Weight Heparin as a Bridge Before or 

After Surgery or a Procedure (BRIDGE) Trial, 86, 98, 119, 

121

Study of Soy Isoflavones in Asthma (SOYA), 86, 96, 118, 121

Studying Community Programs To Reduce Childhood Obesity, 

57, 106, 112

Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD 

Study (SPIROMICS), 106, 112, 123, 126, 137

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), 30, 85, 

92, 116, 120

Systems Biology Approach to the Mechanisms of TB Latency 

and Reactivation, 54

Systems Biology Collaborations, 54

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), 106, 112, 

122, 126, 132–133, 146

T

Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest 

(THAPCA) Trials, 85, 92–93, 117, 120

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

86, 98, 125, 126, 138–139

Translating Basic Behavioral and Social Science Discoveries 

Into Interventions To Reduce Obesity, 85, 93

Trial of Aldosterone Antagonists Therapy in Adults With 

Preserved Ejection Fraction Congestive Heart Failure 

(TOPCAT), 122, 126, 133

Trial of Late Surfactant To Prevent Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia (TOLSURF), 86, 97, 118, 121

Types of Research Activities, 201–205

W

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), 9, 10, 13, 25, 27, 28, 122, 

126, 133–135