[Cite as Dingey v. Dingey, 2020-Ohio-5340.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

LORRAINE DINGEY : JUDGES: 

 : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. 

 Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J. 

 : Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J. 

-vs- : 

 : 

STEPHEN W. DINGEY : Case No. CT2020-0006 

 : 

 Defendant-Appellant : O P I N I O N 

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common 

Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, 

Case No. DB2018-0679 

JUDGMENT: Affirmed 

DATE OF JUDGMENT: November 18, 2020 

APPEARANCES: 

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant 

JAMES R. KRISCHAK, ESQ. JOHN H. COUSINS IV 

320 Main Street 32 West Hoster Street 

P.O. Box 190 Suite 100 

Zanesville, OH 43702 Columbus, OH 43215 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 2

Wise, Earle, J.

{¶ 1} Defendant-Appellant, Stephen W. Dingey, appeals the December 26, 

2019 decree of divorce issued by the Court of Common Pleas of Muskingum County, 

Ohio, Domestic Relations Division, on the issue of spousal support. Plaintiff-Appellee is 

Lorraine Dingey. 

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 

{¶ 2} The parties were married in 1994, divorced in 2003, and remarried in 

2007. On September 10, 2018, appellee filed a complaint for divorce. The parties have 

two children that are emancipated adults. 

{¶ 3} A final hearing was held on September 19, 2019. The sole issue was 

spousal support. By judgment entry filed November 25, 2019, the trial court ordered 

appellant to pay appellee spousal support in the amount of $1,250 per month for four 

years. A final decree of divorce reflecting this decision was filed on December 26, 

2019. 

{¶ 4} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for 

consideration. Assignments of error are as follows: 

I 

{¶ 5} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY 

AWARDING AN UNREASONABLE AMOUNT AND DURATION OF SPOUSAL 

SUPPORT AFTER EXPRESSLY REFUSING TO CONSIDER APPELLANT'S ABILITY 

TO PAY AND APPELLANT'S COURT-ORDERED LIABILITIES." 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 3

II 

{¶ 6} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY 

REFUSING TO CONSIDER THE $11,272 THAT LORRAINE RECEIVED IN NONTAXABLE VEHICLE REIMBURSEMENT." 

III 

{¶ 7} "THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND RULED AGAINST 

THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE BY REFUSING TO ALLOW DIRECT

PAYMENT OF SPOUSAL SUPPORT PURSUANT TO R.C. 3121.441." 

{¶ 8} The assignments of error will be reviewed under the standards of abuse of 

discretion and manifest weight. 

{¶ 9} In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial court's 

decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error of law 

or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). 

{¶ 10} On review for manifest weight, the standard in a civil case is identical to 

the standard in a criminal case: a reviewing court is to examine the entire record, weigh 

the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and 

determine "whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury [or finder of fact] 

clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction 

[decision] must be reversed and a new trial ordered." State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 

172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). In State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 

387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997), quoting Black's Law Dictionary 1594 (6th Ed.1990), the 

Supreme Court of Ohio explained the following: 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 4

 Weight of the evidence concerns "the inclination of the greater 

amount of credible evidence, offered in a trial, to support one side of the 

issue rather than the other. It indicates clearly to the jury that the party 

having the burden of proof will be entitled to their verdict, if, on weighing 

the evidence in their minds, they shall find the greater amount of credible 

evidence sustains the issue which is to be established before them. 

Weight is not a question of mathematics, but depends on its effect in 

inducing belief." (Emphasis sic.) 

{¶ 11} In weighing the evidence, however, we are always mindful of the 

presumption in favor of the trial court's factual findings. Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio 

St .3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517. 

I 

{¶ 12} In his first assignment of error, appellant claims the trial court erred and 

abused its discretion in the award of spousal support when it refused to consider his 

ability to pay. We disagree. 

{¶ 13} R.C. 3105.18 governs spousal support. Subsection (C) states the 

following: 

 (C)(1) In determining whether spousal support is appropriate and 

reasonable, and in determining the nature, amount, and terms of payment, 

and duration of spousal support, which is payable either in gross or in 

installments, the court shall consider all of the following factors: 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 5

 (a) The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but not 

limited to, income derived from property divided, disbursed, or distributed 

under section 3105.171 of the Revised Code; 

 (b) The relative earning abilities of the parties; 

 (c) The ages and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions of 

the parties; 

 (d) The retirement benefits of the parties; 

 (e) The duration of the marriage; 

 (f) The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party,

because that party will be custodian of a minor child of the marriage, to 

seek employment outside the home; 

 (g) The standard of living of the parties established during the 

marriage; 

 (h) The relative extent of education of the parties; 

 (i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including but not 

limited to any court-ordered payments by the parties; 

 (j) The contribution of each party to the education, training, or 

earning ability of the other party, including, but not limited to, any party's 

contribution to the acquisition of a professional degree of the other party; 

 (k) The time and expense necessary for the spouse who is seeking 

spousal support to acquire education, training, or job experience so that 

the spouse will be qualified to obtain appropriate employment, provided 

the education, training, or job experience, and employment is, in fact, 

sought; 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 6

 (l) The tax consequences, for each party, of an award of spousal 

support; 

 (m) The lost income production capacity of either party that resulted 

from that party's marital responsibilities; 

 (n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be relevant and 

equitable. 

{¶ 14} Appellant argues the trial court refused to consider his ability to pay. At 

the conclusion of the case, the trial court stated, "[n]either need nor ability to pay are 

specific factors. It only comes in under that other - - (INAUDIBLE) - - for whatever 

reason the legislature never thought that your ability to pay should be a factor in things * 

* *." T. at 155. In his appellate brief at 4, appellant acknowledges the factors under 

R.C. 3105.18(C) do not include the consideration of an obligor's ability to pay, but 

argues "it unambiguously requires consideration of these factors" by determining an 

award that is reasonable and for the sustenance and support of the obligee. 

{¶ 15} Although the trial court correctly pointed out that the factors do not list 

need or ability to pay, the trial court noted those considerations "come in under that 

other - -." Unfortunately the remainder of the trial court's statement is inaudible, but we 

presume the trial court was referencing R.C. 3105.18(C)(1)(n), "[a]ny other factor that 

the court expressly finds to be relevant and equitable." We do not find that the trial 

court refused to consider appellant's ability to pay. 

{¶ 16} The trial court ordered appellant to pay appellee spousal support in the 

amount of $1,250 per month for four years. The trial court determined the length of the 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 7

marriage to be twelve years and four months. It did not take into account the parties' 

first marriage of eight years. 

{¶ 17} Appellant's gross pay is $86,700. T. at 122. His base salary for his 

position tops out at $90,000. T. at 125, 141-142. He nets approximately $4,700 a 

month and lists monthly expenses of approximately $4,000. T. at 20, 131. He has to 

add health insurance of about $260 to his monthly budget, but was unsure of the cost. 

T. at 150-151. He retained the marital residence, but could not provide an accurate 

figure as to his monthly mortgage because of a possible refinance. T. at 127-128, 131-

132, 146. His current monthly mortgage was $610, but he estimated his new mortgage 

after refinancing would go up by $300. T. at 22-23. The stipulated value of the home is 

$203,000. T. at 140. He's receiving $255,732 in assets and assuming $139,521 of 

debt. T. at 40; Defendant's Exhibit 1. One hundred thousand dollars of that debt is the 

remaining mortgage on the home. Id.

{¶ 18} Appellee's gross pay is $59,669 which includes $13,300 for a vehicle 

maintenance allowance. T. at 55-56, 69. She nets approximately $4,300 a month and 

lists monthly expenses of approximately $6,000 which includes her vehicle maintenance 

expenses. T. at 65, 70. Her expenses include an estimated mortgage payment and 

related costs on a "relatively conservative" home ($144,900) until she's able to actually 

purchase a home of her own. T. at 57-60. She was currently sleeping on the couch of 

her mother's home. T. at 57-58. Appellant will pay appellee $32,700 for her nonmarital 

interest in the marital home which she hopes to use as a down payment. T. at 45, 86. 

She will not receive any other direct cash from the property settlement. Id. She's 

receiving $97,513 in assets and assuming $51,608 of debt. T. at 45; Defendant's 

Exhibit 1. 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 8

{¶ 19} In his appellate brief at 7-8, appellant argues the trial court "imposed 

extreme financial hardship" on him to the exclusive benefit of appellee. He will have to 

operate at a net monthly deficit [-$550: $4,700 (net pay) minus $4,000 (expenses) 

minus $1,250 (spousal support)]. 

{¶ 20} In Daniels v. Daniels, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT17-0002, 2017-Ohio6976, ¶ 18, this court stated the following: 

 Appellant argues the trial court erred in awarding spousal support 

because her monthly net income will be a deficit. However, simply 

because spousal support creates a negative cash flow for one of the 

parties does not necessarily lead to a finding of an abuse of discretion. 

Compton v. Compton, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2014CA00207, 2015-Ohio-4327; 

Taylor v. Taylor, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2013CA00130, 2013-Ohio-4958. 

Further, a trial court must consider all statutory factors when making a 

spousal support award and not base its determination upon any one factor 

taken in isolation. Kaechele v. Kaechele, 35 Ohio St.3d 93, 518 N.E.2d 

1197 (1988). This is just one factor the trial court could consider in 

making the determination as to spousal support. 

{¶ 21} Even receiving $1,250 a month in spousal support, appellee will also have 

to operate at a net monthly deficit [-$450: $4,300 (net pay) minus $6,000 (expenses) 

plus $1,250 (spousal support)]. Appellant is not contesting appellee's expenses. 

{¶ 22} The parties voluntarily agreed to the property settlement. Appellant's 

asset to debt ratio is approximately 54% and appellee's is 53%.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 9

{¶ 23} In the decree of divorce, the trial court specifically stated it considered all 

the relevant factors of R.C. 3105.18 in determining spousal support of $1,250 per month 

for four years to be reasonable and appropriate. Upon review of the record, we do not 

find an abuse of discretion by the trial court. The parties will both operate under a net 

monthly deficit in light of their respective monthly expenses. The trier of fact is vested 

with the authority to weigh the evidence and assess the credibility of the witnesses as 

the trier of fact "has the best opportunity to view the demeanor, attitude, and credibility 

of each witness, something that does not translate well on the written page." Davis v. 

Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 418, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997). The trial court's award 

"represents an effort to equalize the parties' income and liabilities." Compton v. 

Compton, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2014CA00207, 2015-Ohio-4327, ¶ 20. While appellant 

will maintain a lifestyle similar to that during the marriage, appellee sleeps on a couch in 

her mother's home. 

{¶ 24} In addition, we note the trial court retained jurisdiction over the amount 

and duration of spousal support should there be any change in circumstances of the 

parties. 

{¶ 25} Upon review, we find the trial court did not err nor abuse its discretion in 

its award of spousal support to appellee. 

{¶ 26} Assignment of Error I is denied. 

II 

{¶ 27} In his second assignment of error, appellant claims the trial court erred 

and abused its discretion in the award of spousal support when it refused to consider 

monies appellee received in non-taxable vehicle reimbursement. We disagree. 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 10

{¶ 28} In determining appellee's income, the trial court found the following in the 

decree of divorce: 

 The Court finds that Plaintiff is currently employed as a rural mail 

carrier with the U.S. Postal Service earning $46,326.00 per year plus an 

employee maintenance allowance for a total of approximately $59,600.00. 

The Court finds the maintenance allowance is utilized by Plaintiff to 

maintain her vehicle and supply fuel for that vehicle so she may carry out 

her duties as a rural mail carrier. Therefore, the Court finds Plaintiff's 

earning capacity to be $46,326.00 and finds that this represents her 

normal earnings ability. 

{¶ 29} Appellant argues R.C. 3105.18(C)(1)(a) requires a trial court to consider 

"income of the parties from all sources." In his appellate brief at 9, appellant argues this 

includes non-taxable income such as the vehicle reimbursement as "[t]his is undeniably 

a benefit that warrants some consideration." "Although courts can debate how much 

weight it should receive, it is nevertheless arbitrary to exclude any consideration of the 

reimbursement from a spousal support calculation." 

{¶ 30} Clearly the trial court did not exclude any consideration of the 

reimbursement. The trial court considered it and specifically found appellee used the 

maintenance allowance "to maintain her vehicle and supply fuel for that vehicle so she 

may carry out her duties as a rural mail carrier." 

{¶ 31} Appellee testified she was a rural mail carrier and used her own vehicle to 

service her route. T. at 46, 49. She stated maintaining her vehicle "will exceed the 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 11

employee maintenance allowance" she receives of approximately $13,300. T. at 51. 

She explained, "I've already reached almost 12,000 in those expenses and I expect to 

be purchasing tires - - it will be around a thousand dollars - - and also oil change and 

brakes, other maintenance expenses." Id. As of September, she had incurred 

$11,258.50 in expenses for vehicle maintenance and still had three months to go in the 

year. T. at 52-55; Plaintiff's Exhibit D. She delivers mail on rural roads that often are 

graveled, not blacktopped, and therefore her tires wear faster. T. at 62-63. She is on 

the road five days a week, seven hours a day, stopping and starting the whole way. T. 

at 66. She goes through two sets of tires a year. T. at 91-92. 

{¶ 32} The $13,300 amount for vehicle maintenance is a wash and does not 

even cover all of her expenses. We note in our discussion of Assignment of Error I 

above, the $13,300 was included in appellee's overall salary, along with her monthly 

expenses which included her vehicle maintenance, plus her spousal support award, and 

she still will operate at a deficit. 

{¶ 33} Upon review of the trial court's decision and the evidence presented, we 

find the trial court considered the monies appellee received in non-taxable vehicle 

reimbursement and did not err nor abuse its discretion in relation to its determination on 

spousal support. 

{¶ 34} Assignment of Error II is denied. 

III 

{¶ 35} In his third assignment of error, appellant claims the trial court abused its 

discretion and ruled against the manifest weight of the evidence by refusing to allow 

direct payment of spousal support to appellee. We disagree. 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 12

{¶ 36} In the divorce decree, the trial court ordered that the "spousal support 

payment, plus 2% processing charge shall be made to the Ohio Child Support Payment 

Central * * * as administered through the Muskingum County Child Support 

Enforcement Agency by income withholding at the party's place of employment." 

{¶ 37} In his appellate brief at 10, appellant argues the trial court is subjecting 

him "to an unnecessary two-percent processing charge, when there was no evidence" 

that he would fail to comply with a direct payment order. 

{¶ 38} R.C. 3121.441(A) provides in the event of a spousal support award, "the 

court may permit the obligor to make the spousal support payments directly to the 

obligee" instead of to the department of job and family services. (Emphasis added.) 

The decision is clearly discretionary. There is no case law to suggest that a trial court 

must conduct an analysis of an obligor's possible failure to comply with a direct payment 

order. 

{¶ 39} Upon review, we do not find that the trial court abused its discretion in 

exercising its discretion under the statute. We do not find any manifest miscarriage of 

justice. 

{¶ 40} Assignment of Error III is denied. 
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2020-0006 13

{¶ 41} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Muskingum County, Ohio, 

Domestic Relations Division is hereby affirmed. 

By Wise, Earle, J. 

Gwin, P.J. and 

Wise, John, J. concur. 

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