THE STAFF

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Francis W. Sargent

DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR STUDIES

Lawrence N, Stevens

EDITORIAL
Theus J. MacQueen, Editor

Henry L. Diamond
Stephen W. Bergen
G,. W. Cain

Advisers
Nancy Hanks
Malcolm C. Moos
Francis E. Rourke
William H. Whyte
Stuart I, Freeman (graphics)

ADMINISTRATIVE

Alva F. Rollins, General Counsel
John R, Kennedy

Robert J. Phillips

Mrs. Rose G, Phillips

Louis V. Stevenson, Jr.

POLICY AND INVENTORY FORECASTS
PROGRAM AND EVALUATION AND ECONOMICS
Arthur A, Davis, Chief Max M. Tharp, Chief Laurence L Hewes, Jr., Chief

M. Constance Foley John E, Bryant Betty C. Churchill
W. Roy Hamilton, Jr. Hugh C, Davis Abbott L, Ferriss
George R. Lamb Eugene S. Martin Seymour Fiekowsky
D, Isabel Picken Jane Greverus Perry Francis X. Hammett
Dennis A. Rapp Conrad J. Thoren Clyde W. Hart

Ann Satterthwaite Peter J. Weil Elmer J. Moore

Andrew J. W. Scheffey

Warren C, Robinson
Vito Tanzi
Mrs. Lois E, H,. Zazove

SECRETARIAL AND CLERICAL

Mrs. Roberta H. Bleam Mrs. Dorothy C. Hanna Mrs. Elizabeth P. Simpson
Mrs. Maryann M. Clement Mrs. Catherine G. Hart Mrs. Sylvia S. Singleton

M, Angela Farrell Ronald T. Jones
Irene M. Ferguson

Agnes A. Fitzgibbon Mrs. Sally S. Lewis
John T. Fuston Janet E, Modery

Mrs. Shirleyann Fuston Julia A. Schmidt

Lillie A. Synan

Mrs. Lois L, LeMenager Mrs. Frances B. Tinsley

Sandra E. Vadney
Sallie Wymard

Norman I. Wengert served as Deputy Director for Studies from June 1959

to May 1960.


Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

Part ID

Regression Analysis .......ccceceeeeeeeceeees
Pattern of Dependence: Y3 the Active
Factor oo. cc cece cece cece cece eect eeeeeeee
Dependence Pattern of Yq: the Backwoods
Factor ...ceceeeeeee see e eee e ewes cc cenees

Pattern of Dependence of Yy: the Passive
Pursuits Factor

COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF THE NATIONAL
RECREATION SURVEY AND THE NATIONAL
SURVEY OF HUNTING AND FISHING ...........06-

PERCENTAGE OF ADJUSTED SAMPLE,
SEPTEMBER 1960, BY FAMILY INCOME AND

AGE ......66-. sc cecece recess cee ceeeeees ees eeenees

Method .........
Preferences ....-eeeeeecee oe cceee
Leisure Hours, Ownership, Income .....

Vacation, Trip, and Outing Characteristics ..
Days of Activity per Person....

Conclusion ........eeeeeeeeee oe cerccncecees .
NATIONAL RECREATION SURVEY ........eceeeeee
Sample Design and Method .......eeeeeeeeeeves
Sample Design .......eeeecsccceeeee
Selection of Individuals for Interview . oe
Field Procedure .........6. eee ween ce eeeee
Reliability of Estimates ..... cc. cece eee eee eeee
Dlustration

Definitions 2... ... cece cece eee
Outdoor Recreation Activities .......
Measures of Participation...... ee eeee
Definitions of Classificatory Variables .
Reinterview Survey
Questionnaire .... cc eee cee cee ee ee eee ee

National Recreation Survey Statistics ..........5.2.
The Advisory Council
ORRRC Study Reports .....

104

113
379


Study Report 19

CONTENTS
Page
Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission .......--eeeee. iii
The Commission ......ceccccecccecceccecccecee esac oe iv
The Staff......... . oe v
Acknowledgments vi
PART I -- OUTDOOR RECREATION, 1960-61

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ..... cee cece cece eens ee eeeeees 4
Hypotheses ......... . 4

Cultural Limitations .... . 5

Types of Recreationists ........cc ce eceeeeeee 6

Chapter 2 PHYSICALLY ACTIVE RECREATION OF YOUTH .. 8
Playing Outdoor Games or Sports ............ 8

Games and Sports During Summer . .. 9

Residence Effects ..........0e000% oe 9

Education and Games ........ 10

Preference for Baseball ....... 11

Bicycling ....cceceeceeeccccecnce . 11

Cycling and Impairments ........... 12

Horseback Riding ...........cceeeceeeee 18

Horseback Riding and Color ............- 14

Reasons for Not Riding More Often ....... 15

Chapter 3 WINTER SPORTS ... eee eeeeeeeeeece oe 16
Ice Skating ............0. 16

Sledding and obogganing - 18

Preferences ......... 18

Snow Skiing .......eeeeeeeeees ence cece eee eens 19

Chapter 4 WATER SPORTS 2... ccc cece cc ccccceccccccscenne 20
Swimming ............. se eeeee 20

Swimming and Age..... oe 21

Swimming Preferences .....eseeeeesecees 22

vii


This study report was prepared under the supervision
of the Forecasts and Economics Studies Group of the ORRRC
Staff from data collected and tabulated by the Bureau of
Census. Abbott L. Ferriss was Project Director.

vi



Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Appendix A

Driving for Pleasure ........ cc ceeeeeeeeee eaee
Driving and Income ..........06 oeeee
Restrictions on Driving for Pleasure .

Sightseeing ...... cece eee eee ce eee eeeee
Sightseeing and Income ..............
Occupation, Residence, and Sightseeing .

Attending Outdoor Sports Events ...............
Summer Attendance Rates...
Spectatorship by Color ..........6
Preferences for Spectator Sports .
Restrictions on Attendance .......

Attending Outdoor Concerts, Drama .
Attendance, Residence, and Region .
Event Characteristics ...........0. .-

Miscellaneous Activities ........ ccc eee ee eee ee

THREE TYPES OF OUTDOOR RECREATION
OCCASIONS: VACATIONS, TRIPS, AND OUTINGS ..

Recreation Related Expenditures ........-..000-

Socioeconomic Characteristics and Recreation

Occasions ........
All Occasions ..........
Vacation Characteristics
Trip Characteristics ....
Outing Characteristics ...

INCOME AND SELECTED OUTDOOR RECREATION
ACTIVITY MEASURES ........ 2c cece ceeeeeeeeence

Relationship Between Income and Possession
of Selected Outdoor Recreation Equipment ......

DEPENDENCE OF RECREATION PARTICIPATION
ON BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF SAMPLE
PERSONS IN THE SEPTEMBER 1960 NATIONAL
RECREATION SURVEY ......ceccceeecceeeeeceees

Transformations and Marginal Tabulations » .
Activity Groupings by Cultural Context .
Meaning of the Correleation Coefficients
Among Activity Scores ..........eeee scene

Region, Sex, and Color Differences ...........

ix


ORRRC Study Report 19

National Recreation Survey

Report of the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission
prepared by Abbott L. Ferriss assisted by Betty C. Churchill,
Charles H. Proctor, and Mrs. Lois E. H. Zazove based on
Bureau of Census data

Washington, D. C. 1962



Sailing and Canoeing ...... css e eee eeeeeeeeee
Boating other than Sailing and Canoeing .
Boating Rates by Region ..
Preference for Boating...
Water Skiing .
Skiing and Income ..........
Water Skiing Preferences .......
Fishing ....... eee cece eee .
Fishing and Residence ............
Fishing Preferences .. eee ..
Fishing Leases .....cccc eee c eee ceececene

Chapter 5 BACKWOODS RECREATION ......... eee cceccene
Camping ........ eee en cceee
Camping Preferences . .
Tent Ownership ........ seeeeee ..
Camping in "Undeveloped" icpeas .
Hiking ..... eee c cece cece cece ceee eee
Hiking and Income .
Hiking Preferences . oe.
Mountain Climbing ............-e0e
Hunting 2... .. cece cece eeeae .
Hunting and Impairments ....... eee ce eee
Hunting and Mobility ........ eee e ee ceeee
Reasons for Not Hunting . .
Hunting Leases ........ cece ee eee eens

Chapter 6 PASSIVE OUTDOOR PURSUITS ..... sae eeccccceees

Picnicking ....ceeeeeeeeeeeee ee ee re eeeccees oe
Picnicking Rates ....... .
Picnicking by Occupation -. sce c cece eens
Picnicking on a Day's Outing .
Activities Associated with Picnicking ......

Walking for Pleasure ......ceccceccccccceceee
Walking and Income ....... csc eec eee eeeee
Walking and Health .. oe

Nature WalkS .........ceeeeeee oe
Nature Walks and Education ............+-

viii



THE COMMISSION

CHAIRMAN
Laurance S. Rockefeller
President, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, New York, New York

UNITED STATES SENATE
Clinton P. Anderson, New Mexico
Henry C. Dworshak, Idaho
Henry M. Jackson, Washington
Jack Miller, Iowa

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
John P. Saylor, Pennsylvania
Gracie Pfost, Idaho
Ralph J. Rivers, Alaska
John H. Kyl, Iowa

PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSIONERS
Samuel T. Dana
Dean Emeritus, School of Natural Resources
The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Mrs. Marian S. Dryfoos
Associate Director of Special Activities, The New York Times

New York, New York

Bernard L. Orell
Vice President, Weyerhaeuser Company
Tacoma, Washington

Joseph W. Penfold
Conservation Director, Izaak Walton League of America
Washington, D.C.

M. Frederik Smith
Vice President, Prudential Insurance Company of America
Newark, New Jersey

Chester S. Wilson
Former Minnesota State Commissioner of Conservation
Stillwater, Minnesota

Special Assistant to the Chairman
Carl O. Gustafson

Senators Frank A. Barrett of Wyoming and Arthur V. Watkins of Utah served on the Commission from its
inception until January 1959. Senator Richard L. Neuberger of Oregon served on the Cominission from its
inception until his death in March 1960. Senator Thomas Martin of Iowa served from February 1959 until
January 1961.

Representative John J. Rhodes of Arizona served from the inception of the Commission until February 1959.
Representative Harold R. Collier of Illinois served from February 1959 until March 1960. Representative Al

an of Oregon served from the inception of the Commission until April 1961.

Mrs. Katharine Jackson Lee, Director, American Forestry Association, Peterborough, New Hampshire, served
on the Commission from its inception until her death in October 1961.

iv



OUTDOOR RECREATION RESOURCES REVIEW COMMISSION

The Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission was created by the Act of June 28,
1958 (Public Law 85-470, 72 Stat. 238). The task assigned to the Commission was to seek
answers to the following basic questions:

What are the recreation wants and needs of the American people now and what will
they be in the years 1976 and 2000? . -

What are the recreation resources of the Nation available to fill those needs?

What policies and programs should be recommended to insure that the needs of the
present and future are adequately and efficiently met?

The Commission’s report, Outdoor Recreation for America, which was presented to the
President and to the Congress on January 31, 1962, contains the findings of the Commission
and its recommendations for action required to meet the Nation’s outdoor recreation needs in
1976 and 2000.

In the course of its work, the Commission obtained many special reports from its own staff,
public agencies, universities, nonprofit research organizations, and individual authorities. It is
publishing these reports because of their potential interest to officials at all levels of Government
and to others who may wish to pursue the subject further. A descriptive list of the study reports
appears at the end of this volume.

In the development of the findings, conclusions, and recommendations presented to the
President and to the Congress in January 1962, the Commission considered this report and other
study reports, but its conclusions were based on the entire study and on its own judgment. Pub-
lication of the study reports does not necessarily imply endorsement of them in whole or in part.

iii



Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-60041

ORRRC Study Report 19. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price $2

ii