C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

How to Choose and Integrate 

System that Fulfills Your Requi

Henrik Bachér

VP Consulting & Engineering

Elomatic Oy

www.elomatic.com

4th Ballast Water Management Sum

11-12.4 2011, Amsterdam, The Netherland
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Objectives of the presentation

General overview of BW treatment technologies, system installation considerationsFocus on retrofits; - the choise of system is more challenging in retrofits- many key considerations are applicable for NB’s just as - in NB’s however this is one system out of several to be installed, the degrees of freedom are higher, shipyard reNeutral approach, no supplier preference nor technology 
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Marine Mechanical 

design

Pro

ind

A multidisciplinary consultancy & engineering companyFinnish, privately owned Abt. 650 employees 11 Offices in 5 countries
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Marine

From conceptual development to detail design oFrom cruise vessels to working craft

From newbuildings to retrofitsOur clients include shoperators shipyards, suppliers and many mmaritime cluster
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Contents

1. General considerations and challenges2. BWT technology3. Vessel specific considerations and 

indicators 

4. The process of choosing solutions5. The role of design & engineering6. Installation aspects7. Conclusions1. General considerations and challenges2. BWT technology3. Vessel specific considerations and 

indicators 

4. The process of choosing solutions5. The role of design & engineering6. Installation aspects7. Conclusions
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Why do we need BW treatment? What is convention ?
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

General considerations and challengesEach ship is unique and should be dealt with as suchThis is a must; investments are inevitable (return on investmWhat makes the BW treatment system topic so special

• Amount of ships to be dealt with; up to 70.000

• Number of questions mark concerning the convention 

interpreatations + regional/local requirements (US)

• Technology, installation and operational challenges

This is no ”rocket” science
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

General considerations and challenges

Special vessels; practical solutions for a.o. barges, semisuetc. are neededIndustry tendency; leave the retrofit to the last minute to be 

and a (false) expectation for a broader competition and thuCritical issues; - equipment supply- engineering capacity - installation capacityAbt. 20 retrofits/day during the coming years

Ships to be convertedYear 2012 2013 2014 2015 No of ships 1700 3000 3000 6000 Tankers > 100.000 tdw existing abt. 1400 NB's abt. 500Bulkers > 100.000 tdw existing abt. 750

NB's abt. 700
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

The BWM Convention Regulation B-3

Built BW m3 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 201

< 2009 1500-

5000 

< 2009 <1500 

>5000 

≥2009 <5000 ≥2009 < 2012 

>5000 

≥2012 >5000 

D1/D2 

D1/D2 

D2

D1/D2 

D

Source TraFi

D-1 standardD-2 standard

First intermediate or renewal survey after the anniversary date of delivery of ship, whichever first
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

BW treatment technologyAbt. 50 manufacturers of BW technologies on the market11 systems are approved under the IMO G8 (no active sub27 systems have basic approval according to G9 (active su18 systems have final G9 approvalType approval by flag administration 12 systems at least Additional 3 applications for basic and final approval which 

in MEPC 61 will be handled in MEPC 62 (July 11 -15, 2011) an

applications and approvals are expected during 2011

MEPC 62 will focus on ships with BW capacity > 5000 m

3

MEPC 62 will approve guidelines for other methods as well 

systems
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

BW treatment technology 

- Mechanical filtration (28)- Hydrocyclone (3)- Chemical enchantment (coagulation/flocculation)- Mechanical filtration (28)- Hydrocyclone (3)- Chemical enchantment (coagulation/flocculation)

DisinfectionPhysical pretreatment and solid/liquid separation

Residual control Residual control
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

BW treatment technology
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Sour

G9
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Source IMO

+ RWO CleanBallast, Unitor BW
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

BW treatment technologyCombinations of technologies are also adoptedSupplier focus on various capacity ranges (100 – 7000 m

3/h

Serial or parallel installation to increase capacityModular solutions/distributed equipmentOperational modes

- ballasting, ballasting & discharging, filter bypass on deb- neutralization of chemicals prior discharge

Operational costs

- major factor for most systems; power (large consumers advanced oxidation processes)- chemical systems; chemicals
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Installations and experienceAbt. 350 systems sold/installedAbt. 200 vessels, mostly NB’sRetrofits limited, abt. 10 % of the sold/installed systemsRetrofits include ao. car carriers, bulkers, tankers, passeng

container vessels, special craft

Several systems (suppliers) have accumulated running hou

experience have been gained
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Which BWT solution for my ship ?The ideal objective: max benefit to lowest 

(overall) cost

Each ship is individual There exists no standardized general “best 

solution”

A thorough system comparison and 

consequence analysis is the starting point
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

General considerations in selecting BWT 

Ship type & size

Tanker , bulker, container, car 

carrier , passenger etc.

Ship type & size

Tanker , bulker, container, car 

carrier , passenger etc. Trading pattern

World wide traffic, sho

regular line service, o

(seas)

Trading pattern

World wide traffic, sho

regular line service, o

(seas)

Operationa

Reliability, saf

requirem

Operationa

Reliability, saf

requirem

Economical aspects

Initial capex, operational costs

Economical aspects

Initial capex, operational costs

Technical as

Physical, ma

Technical as

Physical, ma

Performance, ballast needs

Capacity and flow rate requirements

Performance, ballast needs

Capacity and flow rate requirements

Compliance!
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Technical/operational considerations an

Performance considerations

Required time to be effective

Performance considerations

Required time to be effective

Capa

Ballast pumping an

Capa

Ballast pumping an

Crew t

Crew t

Power requirements

Additional need, existing capacity

Power requirements

Additional need, existing capacity

T

Footprin

T

Footprin

Existing BW system 

No of systems, integration

Existing BW system 

No of systems, integration

Installation aspects

Alterations in existing structures

Component location flexibility

Installation aspects

Alterations in existing structures

Component location flexibility

Corrosion

Tanks, material selection

Corrosion

Tanks, material selection
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Technical issuesExamples of technical matters needed to be worked out in 

between all parties- bypass options (emergency if the BWT inoperable)- backflushing filters- vent lines from the BWT system (termination on deck oroom spaces depending on gas to be ventilated)- ballast pump capacity and powering requirement (av. 3

in demand)- use of alternative piping materials (class issue)- corrosion risks (material issues, coatings)- sampling ports- Safe Return to Port issues
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Technical issues cont.Special tanker considerations

- fore and aft BW systems- pipes from BW tanks adjacent to cargo tanks not into th- on deck installations currently under discussion (pump increase)- limitations of electrical components in the cargo pump rexplosion free lights) pre/ post 2007, zone 1 (IEC 60092 

- possibility to re-class hazardous area from pre to post 2

- BW pump capacity, 10.000 m

3/h or more
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Automation, control and monitoring

- BWT system requirements

- automation and control equipment for monitoring and a

dosages and/or intencities

- a continuous self-monitoring function during the period 

is in operation

- recording of functioning and failure + data storage- alarms

- audible and visual alarm signals in all stations from 

operations are controlled in case of system failure

- visual alarm whenever the BWT systemis in opera

cleaning, calibration, or repair

- by pass alarm in case of emergency bass pass act
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Automation, control and monitoring

- control system location options 

- local panel- ECR- CCR

- integration to existing automation and/or BW systems, 

- operation and control- alarms
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

The solution evaluation process

Score sheet System ABC DOperation Principle Filter Filter Filter ElectroUV UV Cl lysisScore scale: 0-10,10 being the best Weight factorPerformance and capacityPurificationFilter min. particle size (μm) 0,1 4 8 6 10Disinfection performance (technology) 0,3 997 9 Zoo plankton [per/ m3] (limit 10) 0,2 686 6 Photyplankton [per/ml] (limit 10) 0,2 686 6 Vibrio Cholerae [per/100ml] (limit 1) 0,1 6 10 6 6 Escherichia coli [per/100ml] (limit 250) 0,1 6 10 6 6 Intestinal Enterococci [per/100ml] (limit 100) 

0,1 6 10 6 6

Total 7,3 9,7 6,9 7,9Process

Flow rate per unit and maximum flow 0,5 897 6Energy consumption (kw/m3) 0,6 10 5 7 8Chemical consumption (mg/l) 0,7 10 10 5 10Pressure loss [bar] 0,5 4 4 7 10Working pressure 0,1 566 6Ex-class 0,3 837 8Supply water (l/min) 0,1 884 8Total 22,7 18,8 17,8 23,6Total Technology Subscore 30 28,5 24,7 31,5

Score sheet System 

Operation Principle 

Score scale: 0-10,10 being the best Weight faDimensions and modularizationSize of the 250-334 m3/h u 0,4 

Footprint of 250-334 m3/h 0,6 Size for 2000m3/h unit [m

3 0,4 

Footprint of 2000 m3/h unit 0,6 Modularization 0,8 Weight in operation [kg] 0,1 Total Size Subscore Total Size Score Equipment cost Equipment cost [€] 0,8Installation cost installation cost 0,5 Installation timeinstallation time 0,3 Operational costsoperational costs 0,8 ReliabilitySupport network 0,8 References 0,6 certificate/imo compliance 0,5 Total Reliability Subscore Total Reliability Score Lead time Lead timeTOTAL SCORE 
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

The solution evaluation process

Value for mon

Good 

High cost

Low cost, limited 

performance 
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

The retrofit process

Solution & consequence evaluation, comparisons, preliminary (basic) design Solution & consequence evaluation, comparisons, preliminary (basic) design 

Supplier selection Supplier selection 

Basic design & eng. Basic design & eng. 

Planning Planning

Lo

Lo

ProcuremeProcureme

General ,Technical,Operational

considerations

General ,Technical,Operational

considerations

TuTu

Detail dDetail d
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

The role of design & engineering

A ship specific optimum solution requires a deep cooperation 

between shipowner, BWT supplier and the design & engineering party

The design role include

- basic system arrangement and equipment location- integration to existing systems and tie in points- necessary modifications to the existing vessel- maintenance access as well as installation access and routes (component size, existing hatches, working openin

- classification & flag authority issues and approvals- general naval architecture issues

The detail design can commence once all approvals are in 

place
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

The role of design & engineering cont.

Only a thorough design can guarantee a good result; the more you design and plan the more you will control and influence (=reduce) costs and avoid surprises.3D design may be an advantage
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Supporting design tools – laser scanning

What is laser scanning?Measuring method to get 3D data (accuracy 0,1 – 5 mm)Point cloud created by laser scannerPoint cloud edited to engineering format as a 3D modelWhy laser scanning?When documentation is poor or only old system drawings 

are available

Ensures the present as built status with high accuracyCreates an ideal basis for the retrofit designEnables use of todays design toolsNeed for ship visits is reducedDesign errors are reducedNew components can be delivered as prefabricated unitsPotential to reduce total costs 

L
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Supporting tools – laser scanning cont.

Example of a recent laser scanning raw data (contains also numerical information)
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Installation considerationsOut of service - drydocking or alongside- Justified in combination with a scheduled 

drydocking

- When large working/transportation 

openings are needed in the hull

- When new hull overboard penetrations are 

needed

- Preparatory and finalization work can be 

done while in service in order to minimize down time

- Advantages; infrastructure, logistics, labor 

& material in case of surprises

- Disadvantages; loss of earnings (unless 

streamlined with a scheduled drydock)
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Installation cont.In operation- Possible if a drydock is not needed; several 

retrofits carried out prove that

- Requires extensive planning- A high degree of prefabrication is needed- Logistics may be a challenge and needs strict 

management (depending on trading pattern)

- Solutions to enable the minimizing of hot work

- Special solutions should be considered (pipe 

couplings etc.)

- The design is in a key position- Disadvantage; poor coverage against 

surprises (material, special workforce etc.)
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Alternatives to ballast solutionsWhy ballast?Immersion (propeller, bow), trim (optimum running conditio

slamming), load distribution (strength), stability, anti-hee

Ballast free and alternative designs- Various concepts have been developed/are under develo- Reduced ballast need (simpler BWT system)- Storm only ballast- Flow-through designs (VLCC:s)- Ballast free designs through special hull form
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

ConclusionsThe BW convention is expected to enter into force within a rThere is no general best solution – each ship is individualThere is a number of proven technologies on the market A thorough pre-design/evaluation study pays offRetrofit installations including logistics needs to be planned 

priority

Design capacity, equipment supply and installation capacity 
C O N S U L T I N G & E N G I N E E R I N G

Thank you for listeni

Q & A

henrik.bacher@elomatic.com