## Appendix C : Literature Cited

Technical Support Document for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Rule for Numeric Nut r ient Criteria for Florida’s Inland Surface Fresh WatersTSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

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### Appendix C. Literature Cited Chapter 1. Methodology for Deriving U. S. EPA’s Proposed Criteria for Lakes ADEQ. 2008. Notice of Final Rulemaking

. Title 18. Environmental Quality Chapter 11, Department of Environmental Quality Water Quality Standards . Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ. <http://www.azdeq.gov/function/laws/downl oad/NFRM1.pdf>. Accessed January 2010. Arce, R.G., and C.E. Boyd. 1975. Effects of ag ricultural limestone on water chemistry, phytoplankton productivity, and fishproduction in soft water ponds. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society2:308–312. Bachmann, R.W., C.A. Horsburgh, M.V. Hoyer, L.K. Mataraza, and D.E. Canfield Jr. 2002. Relations between trophic state indicators and plant biomass in Florida lakes. Hydrobiologia 470:219–234. Bachmann, R.W., M.V. Hoyer, and D.E. Canfiel d, Jr. 1999. The restoration of Lake Apopka in relation to alternative stable states. Hydrobiologia 394:219–232. Canfield, D.E., Jr., M.J. Maceina, L.M. H odgson, and K.A. Langeland. 1983. Limnological features of some northwestern Florida lakes. Journal of Freshwater Ecology2(1):67–79. Carlson, R.E. 1977. A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography22:361-369. Carlson, R.E. and J. Simpson. 1996. A Coordinator’s Guide to Volunteer Lake Monitoring Methods . North American Lake Management Society, Madison, WI. Coveney, M.F., E.F. Lowe, L.E. Battoe, E.R. Marzolf, and R. Conrow. 2005. Response of a eutrophic, shallow subtropical lake to reduced nutrient loading. Freshwater Biology 50:1718-1730. Edmondson, W.T. 1994. Sixty years of Lake Washington: A curriculum vitae. Lake and Reservoir Management 10(2):75-84. Fore, L. 2007. An Evaluation of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages as Indicators of Lake Condition . Final Report to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 16 pp. Fore, L.S., R. Frydenborg, N. Wellendorf, J. Es py, T. Frick, D. Whiting, J. Jackson, and J. Patronis. 2007. Assessing the Biological Condition of Florida’s Lakes: Development of the Lake Vegetation Index (LVI) . Report to the Florida Depa rtment of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 106 pp. <ftp://ftp.dep.state.fl.us/pub/labs/assessm ent/sopdoc/lvi_final07.pdf>. Accessed January 2010.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-2 Gerritsen, J., B. Jessup, E.W. Leppo, and J. White. 2000. Development of Lake Condition Indexes (LCI) for Florida . Prepared for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection by Tetra Tech, Inc., Owings Mills, MD. 109 pp. Glass, P. 2006. Development of Use Based Chlorophyll a Criteria for Recreational Use of Reservoirs . Water Environment Federation’s Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC). 13 pp. Gregory, J. 2007. Lessons Learned in Nutrient Criteria Development in Virginia. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. Griffith, G.E., D.E. Canfield Jr., C.A. Horsburgh, J.M. Omernik, and S.H. Azevedo. 1997. Lake Regions of Florida . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR. <http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/fl_eco.htm>. Accessed October 2009. Havens, K. 2000. Using Trophic State Index (TS I) values to draw in ferences regarding phytoplankton limiting factors and seston: co mposition from routine water quality monitoring data. Korean Journal of Limnology33(3):187-196. Havens, K.E., L.A. Bull, G.L. Warren, T.L. Crisman, E.J. Phlips, and J.P. Smith. 1996. Food web structure in a subtropical lake ecosystem. Oikos 75(1):20–32. Heiskary, S. and B. Wilson. 2008. Minnesota’s appro ach to lake nutrient criteria development. Lake and Reservoir Management 24:282-297. Hoyer, M., C. Brown, and D. Ca nfield. 2004. Relations between water chemistry and water quality as defined by lake users in Florida. Lake and Reservoir Management 20(3):240-248. Kenney, B.C. 1990. On the Dynamics of Phosphorus on Lake Systems . Environment Canada, Ottawa. 20 pp. Kenney, W.F., M.N. Waters, C.L. Schelske, and M. Brenner. 2002. Sediment records of phosphorus-driven shifts to phytoplankton dominance in shallow Florida lakes. Journal of Paleolimnol ogy 27:367–377. Lazzarino, J.K., R.W. Bachmann, M.V. Hoyer, and D.E. Canfield Jr. 2009. Carbon dioxide supersaturation in Florida lakes. Hydrobiologia 627:169-180. Lowe, E.F., L.E. Battoe, M.F. Coveney, C.L. Sc helske, K.E. Havens, E.R. Marzolf, and K.R. Reddy. 2001. The restoration of Lake Apopka in re lation to alternative stable states: An alternative view to that of Bachmann et al. (1999). Hydrobiol ogia 448:11–18. Lowe, E.F., L.E. Battoe, M. Coveney, and D. Stites. 1999. Setting water quality goals for restoration of Lake Apopka. Lake and Reservoir Management 15(2):103–120. Macindoe, J. 2006. Why Establish Nutrient Criteria for Alabama Lakes? Presentation to Tallapoosa Watershed Conference. Alabama De partment of Environmental Management, Montgomery, AL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-3 Oglesby, R.T. 1977. Relationships of fish yiel d to lake phytoplankton standing crop, production, and morphoedaphic factors. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:2271–2279. Osborne, J.W. 2000. Advantages of hierarchical linear modeling. Research Evaluation 7(1). <http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=7&n=1>. Accessed October 2009. Paul, M. and J. Gerritsen. 2003. Development of Florida Lake Nu trient Criteria: Summary and Synthesis . Tetra Tech Inc., Owings Mills, MD.12 pp. Paul, M. and J. Gerritsen. 2002. Nutrient Criteria for Florida Lakes: A Comparison of Approaches . Tetra Tech Inc., Owings Mills, MD. 79 pp. Price, P.N., A.V. Nero, and A. Gelman. 1996. Bayesian prediction of mean indoor radon concentrations for Minnesota counties. Health Physics 71:922-936. Rule, T. 2004. Nutrient Criteria in Lakes and Reservoirs: Maryland’s Approach . Maryland Department of the Environment, Waters hed Modeling Division, TMDL Development and Application Program, Annapolis, MD. Ryder, R.A., S.R. Kerr, K.H. Loftus, and H. A. Regier. 1974. The morpho deaphic index, a fish yield estimator—review and evaluation. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31:663–688. Salas, H. J. and P. Martino. 1991. A simplifie d phosphorus trophic state index for warm water tropical lakes. Water Research 25(3):341-350. Saunders, J. 2009. Colorado Lake Nutrient Criteria-Update . Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Water Quality C ontrol Division, Standards Unit, Denver, CO. Scheffer, M., S. Carpenter, J.A. Foley, C. Fo lke, and B. Walker. 2001. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems. Nature 413:591–596. Scheffer, M.S., S. Hosper, M.L. Meijer, B. Moss, and E. Jeppesen. 1993. Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8:275–279. Scheffer, M., S. Szabo, A. Gragnani, E.H. van Ne s, S. Rinaldi, N. Kautsky, J. Norberg, R.M.M. Roijackers, and R.J.M. Franken. 2003. Floa ting plant dominance as a stable state. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 100(7):4040–4045. Shannon, E.E. and P.L. Brezonik. 1972. Limnological characteristics of northand central Florida lakes. Limnology and Oceanogr aphy 17:97–110. Søndergaard, M., E. Jeppesen, J.P. Jensen, and S.L. Amsinck. 2005. Water framework directive: Ecological classificati on of Danish lakes. Journal of Applied Ecology 42:616–629. Stauffer, R.E. and D.E. Canfield Jr. 1992. Hydr ology and alkalinity regula tion of soft Florida waters: An integrated assessment. Water Resources Research 28:1631–1648.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-4 USEPA. 2009. Proposed Methods and Approaches for Deve loping Numeric Nutrient Criteria for Florida’s Inland Waters . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Health and Ecol ogical Criteria Division, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2008. Nutrient Criteria Technica l Guidance Manual: Wetlands . EPA 822-R-07- 004.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2000. Nutrient Criteria Technical Guid ance Manual: Lakes and Reservoirs . EPA-822- B-00-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Vadeboncoeur, Y., M.J. Vander Zanden, and D.M. Lodge. 2002. Putting the lake back together: Reintegrating benthic pathways into lake food web models. Bioscience 52(1):44–54. Vestergaard, O. and K. Sand-Jensen. 2000. Aqua tic macrophyte richness in Danish lakes in relation to alkalinity, tran sparency, and lake area. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57:2022–2031. Vighi, M. and G. Chiaudani. 1985. A simple method to estimate lake phosphorus concentrations resulting from natural background loadings. Water Research 19(8):987–991. Walker, W.W. Jr. 1984. Statistical bases for mean chlorophyll a criteria. Lake and Reseroir Management 2:57–62. Wetzel, R.G. 1975. Limnology . W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA. Whitmore, T. 2003. Water-Quality Trends Associated wi th Algal Coumminity Changes in Florida Lakes: Historic Evidence for Defining Nutrient Criteria . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 106 pp. Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.
WHO. 2003. Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments, Volume 1: Coastal and Fresh Waters . World Health Organiza tion, Geneva, Switzerland. <http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/b athing/srwe1/en/>. Accessed January 2010. WHO. 1999. Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A Guide to Their Public Health Consequences, Monitoring and Management , eds. Chorus, I. and J. Bartram. ISBN 0-419-23930-8. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Wilton, T. 2008. Nutrient Criteria and its Conne ction to Local Water Quality . Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, IA. Winfield, I.J. 2004. Fish in the littora l zone: Ecology, threats and management. Limnologica 34:124–131.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

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### Chapter 2. Methodology for Deriving U. S. EPA’s Proposed Criteria for Streams Baker, L.A., P.L. Brezonik, and C. Kratzer. 1985. Nutrient Loading Models for Florida Lakes. In Lake and Reservoir Management : Practical Applications , eds. J. Taggart and L. Moore, Proc. 4th Annual Meeting. North American Lake Management So ciety, McAfee, NJ. pp. 253-258. Barbour, M., J. Gerritsen, and J. White. 1996a. Development of the Stream Condition Index (SCI) for Florida . Prepared for Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, Florida by Tetra Tech, Inc., Owings Mills, MD. Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, G.E. Griffith, R. Frydenborg, E. McCarron, J.S. White, and M.L. Bastian. 1996b. A framework for biological crit eria for Florida streams using benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society15:185-211. Beck, W.M. 1954. Studies in stream pollution bi ology. I. A simplified ecological classification of organisms. Quarterly Journal of the Fl orida Academy of Sciences 17(4):212-227. Biggs, B.J.F., C. Kilroy, and R.L. Lowe. 1998a . Periphyton development in three valley segments of a New Zealand grassland river: Test of a habitat matrix conceptual model within a catchment. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie 143:147-177. Biggs, B.J.F., R.J. Stevenson, and R.L. Lowe. 1998b. A habitat matrix conceptual model for stream periphyton. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie 143:21-56. Bricker, S.B., C.G. Clement, D.E. Pirhalla, S.P. Orlando, and D.R.G. Farrow. 1999. National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessm ent: Effects of Nutrient Enrichment in the Nation’s Estuaries . NOAA, National Ocean Service, Spec ial Projects Office and the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Scie nce, Silver Spring, MD. 71 pp. Bricker, S., J.G. Ferreira, and T. Simas. 2003. An integrated methodology for assessment of estuarine trophic status. Ecological Modeling 169:39–60. Bricker, S., B. Longstaff, W. Dennison, A. Jones, K. Boicourt, C. Wicks, and J. Woerner. 2007. Effects of Nutrient Enrichment in th e Nation’s Estuaries: A Decade of Change . NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 26. Nationa l Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Nati onal Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD. Brown, M.T. and K. C. Reiss. 2006. Proposed Breakpoint of LDI < 2.0 for Determining Minimally Affected Reference Cond itions for Water Bodies . Technical report su bmitted to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Univer sity of Florida, Center for Environmental Policy, Department of Environmental E ngineering Sciences, Gainesville, FL. Brown, M.T. and M.B. Vivas. 2003. A Landscape Development Intensity Index . Technical report submitted to the Florida Department of Envir onmental Protection. University of Florida, Center for Environmental Policy, Department of Environmental E ngineering Sciences, Gainesville, FL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-6 Canfield, D.E., Jr. and R.W. Bachmann. 1981. Pred iction of total phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a , and secchi depths in natural and artificial lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 38:414–423. Cathcart, J.B. 1985. Economic Geology of the Land-Pe bble Phosphate Districtof Florida and its Southern Extension. In Florida Land-Pebble Phosphate Dist rict: Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, field trip guidebook , eds. Cathcart, J.B. and Scott, T.M., Orlando, FL. pp. 4-27. Cattaneo, A., T. Kerimian, M. Roberge, and J. Marty. 1997. Periphy ton distribution and abundance on substrata of different size along a gradient of stream trophy. Hydrobiologia 354:101-110. Cohn, T.A., L.L. Delong, E.J. Gilroy, R.M. Hirs ch, and D.K. Wells. 1989. Estimating constituent loads. Water Resources Research 25(5):937–942. Davies, S.P. and S.K. Jackson. 2006. The biological condition gradient: A descriptive model for interpreting change in aquatic systems. Ecological Applications 16(4):1251-1266. Dodds, W.K. 1991. Factors associated with dominance of the filamentous green alga Cladophora glomerata

. Water Research 25:1325-1332 Dodds, W.K., J.M. Blair, G.M. Henebry, J. K. Keolliker, R. Ramundo, and C.M. Tate. 1996. Nitrogen transport from tall grass prairie watersheds. Journal of Environmental Quality 25:973-981.
FDEP. 2009. State of Florida Numeric Nutr ient Criteria Development Plan . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 138 pp. <http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/wqssp/nutrients/docs/fl-nutrient-plan-v030309.pdf>. Accessed January 2010.
FDEP. 2005. Water Quality Assessment Re port, Apalachicola-Chipola . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Di vision of Water Resource Management, Tallahassee, FL Fernald, E.A. and E.D. Purdum. 1998. Water Resources Atlas of Florida . Florida State University, Institute of Science and Public Affairs, Tallahassee, FL. Fore, L.S. 2004. Development and Testing of Biomonitori ng Tools for Macroinvertebrates in Florida Streams . Final report to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Fore, L.S, R.B. Frydenborg, D. Miller, T. Fr ick, D. Whiting, J. Espy, and L. Wolfe. 2007. Development and Testing of Biomonitoring Tools for Macroinvertebrates in Florida Streams . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 110 pp. Gao, X. 2006. Nutrient and Unionized Ammonia TMDLs for Lake Jessup, WBIDs 2981 and 2981A . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resource Management, Bureau of Watershed Management, Tallahassee, FL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-7 Greening, H. and A. Janicki, 2006. Toward revers al of eutrophic conditions in a subtropical estuary: water quality and seagrass respons e to nitrogen loading reduction in Tampa Bay, FL. Environmental Management 38:163–178. Griffith, G.E., J.M. Omernik, C. M. Rohm, and S.M. Pierson. 1994. Florida Regionalization Project . U.S. Environmental Protection Agenc y, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR. Guisan, A. and F.E. Harrell. 2000. Ordinal response regression models in ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 11:617–626. Hoos, A.B., and G. McMahon. 2009. Spatial analysis of instream nitrogen loads and factors controlling delivery to streams in the southeastern United States using spatially referenced regression on watershed attri butes (SPARROW) and regional classification frameworks. Hydrological Processes 23. Hoos, A.B., S. Terziotti, G. McMahon, K. Sa vvas, K.C. Tighe, and R. Alkons-Wolinsky. 2008. Data to Support Statistical M odeling of Instream Nutrie nt Load Based on Watershed Attributes, Southeastern United States . 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1163. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Jacobs, T.C. and J.W. Gilliam. 1985. Riparian losses of nitrate from agricultural drainage waters. Journal of Environmental Quality14:472-478. Jordan, T.E., D.L. Correll, and D.E. Weller. 199 3. Nutrient interception by a riparian forest receiving inputs from adjacent cropland. Journal of Environmental Quality22:467-473. Lane, C.R., M.T. Brown, M. Murry-Hudson, and M.B. Vivas. 2003. The Wetland Condition Index (WCI): Biological Indicators of Wetland Condition for Isolated Depressional Herbaceous Wetlands in Florida . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 165 pp. Larsen, D.P. and H.T. Mercier. 1976. Phosphorus retention capacity of lakes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33:1742–1750. Lowrance, R. 1997. Water quality functions of ri parian forest buffers in Chesapeake Bay watersheds. Environmental Management 21:687–712. Lowrance, R. 1992. Groundwater nitr ate and denitrification in a coastal plain riparian soil. Journal of Environmental Quality21:401-405. McMahon, G., L. Tervelt, and W. Donehoo. 2007. Methods for Estimating Annual Wastewater Nutrient Loads in the S outheastern United States . U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1040. U.S. Geologica l Survey, Reston, VA. 81 pp. <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1040/NADP>. Accessed August 2007.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-8 NADP. 2008. National Atmospheric Depositi on Program 2007 Annual Summary . NADP Data Report 2008-01. National Atmospheric Depositio n Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL. Niu, X. 2004. Change Point Analysis of the Chlorophyll a and LDI Data from the IWRM Status Network Cycle 1 Lakes Study . Technical report submitted to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. Florida State Un iversity, Department of Statistics, Tallahassee, FL. Peterjohn, W.T. and D.L. Corell. 1985. Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: Observations on the role of a riparian forest. Ecology65:1466-1475. Peterson, C.G. 1996. Mechanisms of lotic micr oalgal colonization following space-clearing disturbances at diffe rent spatial scales. Oikos 77:417-435. Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Port er, S.K. Gross, and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Rivers: Benthic Ma croinvertebrates and Fish . EPA/440/4-89-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Power, M.E. and A.J. Stewart. 1987. Disturbance and recovery of an algal assemblage following flooding in an Oklahoma stream. American Midland Naturalist 117:333-345. Schwarz, G.E., A.B. Hoos, R.B. Alexander, and R.A. Smith. 2006. The SPARROW surface Water-quality Model—Theory, Appl ication and User Documentation. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Shannon, E.E. and P.L. Brezonik. 1972. Relationships between lake trophi c state and nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates. Environmental Science and Technology6(8):719–725. Steward, J.S. and E.F. Lo we. 2010. General empirical models for estimating nutrient load limits for Florida’s estuaries and inland waters. Limnology a nd Oceanography55(1)with :433-445.
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### Chapter 3. Methodology for Deriving U. S EPA’s Criteria fo r Springs and Clear Streams Bonn, M.A. and F.W. Bell. 2003. Economic Impact of Selected Florida Springs on Surrounding Local Areas . Report prepared for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, Florida. 121 pp. Brown, M.T., K.C. Reiss, M.J. Cohen, J.M. Evans, P.W. Inglett, K.S. Inglett, K.R. Reddy, T.K. Fraze, C.A. Jacoby, E.J. Phlips, R.L. Knight , S.K. Notestein, R.G. Hamann, and K.A. McKee. 2008. Summary and Synthesis of the Avail able Literature on the Effects of Nutrients on Spring Organisms and Systems . University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. <http://www.dep.state.fl.us/springs/reports/files/UF_SpringsNutrients_Report.pdf>. Accessed January 2010. Cardellina, J.H., F.J. Marner, and R.E. Moore. 1979. Seaweed dermatitis: structure of Lyngbya toxin 16 A. Science 204:193–195. Carmichael, W.W., W.R. Evans, Q.Q. Yin, P. Bell, and P. Moczyydlowski. 1997. Evidence for paralytic shellfish poisons in the freshwater cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei(Farlow ex Gomont) comb. nov. Applied Environmental Microbiology 63:3104–3110. Cowell, B.C. and C.J. Dawes. 2004. Growth and n itrate-nitrogen uptake by the cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei

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C-10 Gao, X. 2008. Nutrient TMDLs for the Wekiva River (WBIDs 2956, 2956A, and 2956C) and Rock Springs Run (WBID 2967). Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Hamill, K.D. 2001. Toxicity in benthic freshwat er cyanobacteria (blue-green algae): First observations in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Mari ne and Freshwater Research 35(5):1057-1059. Hornsby, D. and R. Ceryak. 2000. Springs of the Aucilla, Coastal, and Waccasassa Basins in Florida . Suwannee River Water Management Di strict Technical Report WR 00-03. Suwannee River Water Management District, Live Oak, FL. 66 pp. Hornsby, D., R.A. Mattson, and T. Mirti. 2000. Surface Water Quality and Biological Monitoring. Suwannee River Water Management Di strict Technical Report WR-00-04. Suwannee River Water Management District, Live Oak, FL. 148 pp. Inglett, P.W, K.S. Inglett, and K.R. Reddy. 2008. Biogeochemical Processes and Implications for Nutrient Cycling. Chapter 3 inSummary and Synthesis of the Available Literature on the Effects of Nutrients on Spring Organisms and Systems . Report prepared for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Joint Nature Conservation Commission. 2004. Common Standards Monitoring Guidance for Inlets and Bays. Version 10. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, United Kingdom. <http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-2236>. Accessed January 2010. Katz, B.G., H.D. Hornsby, J.F. Bohlke, and M.F. Mokray. 1999. Sources and Chronology of Nitrate Contamination in Spring Water . U. S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4252. Suwannee Rive r Water Management District, Live Oak, FL. Knight, R.L. and S.K. Notestein. 2008. Effects of Nutrients on Spring Ecosystems. Chapter 6 in Summary and Synthesis of the Available Litera ture on the Effects of Nutrients on Spring Organisms and Systems . Report prepared for the Florid a Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Maddox, G.L., J.M. Lloyd, T.M. Scott, S.B. Upchurch, and R. Copeland. 1992. Florida’s Groundwater Quality Monitoring Program – Background Hydrochemistry . Special Publication 34. Florida Geologica l Survey, Tallahassee, FL. Martin, R.A. 1966. Eternal Spring: Man’s 10,000 Years of History at Florida’s Silver Springs

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C-11 Munch, D.A., D.J. Toth, C. Huang, J.B. Davis, C.M. Fortich, W.L. Osburn, E.J. Phlips, E.L. Quinlan, M.S. Allen, M.J. Woods, P. Cooney, R. L. Knight, R.A. Clarke, and S.L. Knight. 2006. Fifty-year Retrospective Study of the Ecology of Silver Springs, Florida

. Publication Number: SJ2007-SP4. St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, FL. Mynderse, J.S., R.E. Moore, M. Kashiwagi, and T.R. Norton. 1977. Antileukemia activity in the Osillatoriaceae: Isolation of Debromoaplysiatoxin from Lyngbya

. Science 196:538–540. Niu, X. 2007. Change Point Analysis of Suwannee River Algal Data . Technical report prepared for the Florida Department of Environm ental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 20 pp. O’Neil, J.M. and W.C. Dennison. 2005. Lyngbya majuscula in Southeast Queensland Waterways. In Healthy Catchment, Healthy Waterway s: South East Queensland Regional Water Quality Strategy, eds. Abal, E., W.C. Dennison. Br isbane City Council, Brisbane, Australia. 143 pp. Onodera, H., M. Satake, Y. Oshima, T. Yasu moto, and W.W. Carmichael. 1997. New saxitoxin analogues from the filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei

. Natural Toxins 5:146– 151. Osborne, N.J.T., P.M. Webb, and G.R. Shaw. 2001. The toxins of Lyngbya majuscula and their human and ecological health effects. Environment International 27:381–392. Pinowska, A., R.J. Stevenson, J.O. Sickman, A. Albertin, and M. Anderson. 2007a. Integrated Interpretation of Survey for Determining Nutrient Thresholds for Macroalgae in Florida Springs: Macroalgal Relationships to Wate r, Sediment and Macroalgae Nutrients, Diatom Indicators and Land Use . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Rabalais, N. 2002. Nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems. Ambio 31:102-112. Saker, M.L., A.D. Thomas, and J.H Norton. 1999. Cattle mortality attributed to the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in an outback region of North Queensland. Environmental Toxicology14:179–182. Scott, T.M., G.H. Means, R.C. Means, and R.P. Meegan. 2002. First Magnitude Springs of Florida . Open File Report No. 85. Florida Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL. 138 pp. Scott, T.M., G.H. Means, R.P. Meegan, R.C. Means, S.B. Upchurch, R.E. Copeland, J. Jones, T. Roberts, and A. Willet. 2004. Springs of Florida . Bulletin No, 66. Florida Geological Survey, Tallahassee, FL. 677 pp. Stevenson, R.J., A. Pinowska, A. Albertin, and J.O. Sickman. 2007. Ecological Condition of Algae and Nutrients in Florida Springs: The Synthesis Report . Prepared for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 58 pp.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-12 Stevenson, R.J., A. Pinowska, and Y.K. Wang. 2004. Ecological Condition of Algae and Nutrients in Florida Springs . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Stewart, I., I.M. Robertson, P.M. Webb, P.J. Schluter, and G.R. Shaw. 2006. Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to freshwater cyanobacteria–human volunteer studies. BMC Dermatology6:6. Teneva, I., D. Asparuhova, B. Dzhambaz ov, R. Mladenov, and K. Schirmer. 2003. The freshwater cyanobacterium Lyngbya aerugineo-coerulea produ ces compounds toxic to mice and to mammalian and fish cells. Environmental Toxicology18:9-20. Van Dam, H., A. Mertens, and J. Sinkeldam. 1994. A coded checklist a nd ecological indicator values of freshwater diatoms from the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology28(1):117-133. 

### Chapter 4. Methodology for Deriving U. S. EPA’s Proposed Criteria for Canals Cleveland, W.S. 1979. Robust locally weighted regression and smoot hing scatterplots. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74:829-836. Goforth, G., N. Iricanin, S. Hill, S.K. Xue, T. Piccone, F. Nearhoof, and K. Weaver. 2007a. Technical Support Document for the STA-2 TBEL . May 17, 2007. Goforth, G., N. Iricanin, S. Hill, S.K. Xue, T. Piccone, F. Nearhoof, and K. Weaver. 2007b. Technical Support Document for the STA-5 TBEL . June 3, 2007. Goforth, G., N. Iricanin, S. Hill, S.K. Xue, T. Piccone, F. Nearhoof, and K. Weaver. 2007c. Technical Support Document for the STA-6 TBEL . June 3, 2007. Goforth, G., N. Iricanin, S. Hill, S.K. Xue, T. Piccone, F. Nearhoof, and K. Weaver. 2007d. Technical Support Document for the STA-1W TBEL . July 5, 2007. Goforth, G., N. Iricanin, S. Hill, S.K. Xue, T. Piccone, F. Nearhoof, and K. Weaver. 2007e. Technical Support Document for the STA-1E TBEL . July 5, 2007. Goforth, G., N. Iricanin, S. Hill, S.K. Xue, T. Piccone, F. Nearhoof, and K. Weaver. 2007f. Technical Support Document for the STA-3/4 TBEL . March 21, 2007. Kadlec, R.H. 2006. Free surface wetlands for phosphor us removal: the position of the Everglades nutrient removal project. Ecological Engineering 27:361–379. Payne, G., K. Weaver, and F. Nearhoof. 2005. Derivation of the Water Quality Based Effluent Limit (WQBEL) for Phosphorus Discharges to the Everglades Protection Area . Draft. Florida Department of Environmen tal Protection, Tallahassee, FL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-13 Pietro, K., R. Bearzotti, M. Chimney, G. Germain, N. Iricanin, and T. Piccone. 2007. STA Performance, Compliance and Optimization. Chapter 5 in 2007 South Florida Environmental Report . South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL.
USEPA. 2000a. Nutrient Criteria Technical Gui dance Manual: Rivers and Streams . EPA-822- B-00-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2000b. Nutrient Criteria Technical Gui dance Manual: Lakes and Reservoirs . EPA-822- B-00-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Walker, W.W., Jr. 2005. Estimation of Water Quality Base d Effluent Limits for Measuring Compliance with the Everglades Phosphorus Criterion . Draft for discussion purposes. 14 pp. 

### Appendix A-1. Lake Nutrient, Chl. a , and Clarity Distributiona l Statistics by Lake Class USEPA. 2007. Nutrient Criteria Technica l Guidance Manual: Wetlands . EPA-822-R-07-004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agenc y, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2001. Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual: Estuarine and Coastal Marine Waters . EPA-822-B-01-003. U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2000a. Nutrient Criteria Technical Gui dance Manual: Rivers and Streams . EPA-822- B-00-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2000b. Nutrient Criteria Technical Gui dance Manual: Lakes and Reservoirs . EPA-822- B-00-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2000c. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Reco mmendations. Information Supporting the Development of State and Tribal Nutrient Criteria: Rivers and Streams in Nutrient Ecoregion II . EPA-822-B-00-015. U.S. Environmenta l Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2000d. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Reco mmendations. Information Supporting the Development of State and Tribal Nutrient Criteria: Rivers and Streams in Nutrient Ecoregion III . EPA-822-B-00-016. U.S. Environmenta l Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. 

### Appendix A-2. Documentation about Use of Alkalinity (and Specific Conductance) as Basis for Distinguishing Clear Lakes Fulton III, R.S., C. Schluter, T.A. Keller, S. Na gid, W. Godwin, D. Smith, D. Clapp, A. Karama, and J. Richmond 004. Pollutant Load Reduction Goals for Seven Major Lakes in the Upper Ocklawaha River Basin . Technical Publication SJ200 4-5. St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, FL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-14 Gerritsen, J., B. Jessup, E.W. Leppo, and J. White. 2000. Development of Lake Condition Indexes (LCI) for Florida . Prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc ., for Florida Department of Environmental Protec tion, Tallahassee, FL. Hendrickson, J.C., N. Trahan, E. Stecker, and Y. Ouyang. 2002. TMDL and PLRG Modeling of the Lower St. Johns River: Calculation of the External Load . St. Johns River Water Management District Draft Report. St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, FL. Lowe, E., L. Battoe, J.C. Hendrickson, M. Covene y, R. Fulton, E. Marzolf, S.Winkler, and J. Di. 2009. A Morphoedaphic Index to Predict Na tural Background and Designated Use Failure Threshold Phosphorus and Chlor ophyll Concentrations in Florida Lakes

. St. Johns River Water Management Distri ct Draft Report. St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, FL. Rawson, D.S. 1952. Mean depth and the fish production of large lakes. Ecology 33:513-521. Rawson, D.S. 1951. The total mineral content of lake waters. Ecology 32:669-672. Ryder, R.A., S.R. Kerr, K.H. Loftus, and H.A. Reiger. 1974. The morphoed aphic index as a fish yield estimator: Review and evaluation. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 31: 663-688. Shannon, E.E. and P.L. Brezonik. 1972. Limnological characteristics of northand central Florida lakes. Limnology and Oceanography17:97–110. Vighi, M. and G. Chaudani. 1985. A simple method to estimate lake phosphorus concentrations resulting from natural background loadings. Water Research 19(8):987-991. Whitmore, T.J. and M. Brenner. 2002 . Paleolimnological Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA-Defined Florida Lake Regions . Final Report to the Florida Department of Environmen tal Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 

### Appendix A-3. FDEP's Summary of Chl. a Literature Pertinen t to Lake Numeric Nutrient Criteria Development ADEQ. 2008. Narrative Nutrient Standard Implem entation Procedures for Lakes and Reservoirs . Arizona Department of Envir onmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ. 20 pp. Carvalho, L., A. Solimini, G. Phillips, M. van den Berg, O-P. Pietiläi nen, A. Lyche Solheim, S. Poikane, and U. Mischke. 2008. Chlorophyll reference conditions for European lake types used for intercalibra tion of ecological status. Aquatic Ecology42:203-211. Glass, P. 2006. Development of Use Based Chlorophyll a Criteria for Recreational Use of Reservoirs . Water Environment Federation’s Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference (WEFTEC). 13 pp.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-15 Gregory, J. 2010. Rulemaking Information . Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. <http://www.deq.virginia.gov/wq s/rule.html#NUT2>. Accessed January 2010. Gregory, J. 2007. Virginia Enriched Water Designation . Virginia Departmentof Environmental Quality, Richmond, VA. 4 pp. Hansen, E and M. Christ. 2003. Suggested Next Steps to Develop Nutrient Criteria for Lakes and Reservoirs in West Virginia . West Virginia Rivers Coalition, Elkins, WV. <http://www.cacaponinstitute.org/lake_criteria.htm>. Accessed January 2010. Heiskary, S. and B. Wilson. 2008. Minnesota’s appro ach to lake nutrient criteria development. Lake and Reservoir Management 24:282-297. Macindoe. J. 2006. Why Establish Nutrient Criteria for Alabama Lakes? Presentation to Tallapoosa Watershed Conference. Alabama De partment of Environmental Management, Montgomery, AL.
NCDENR. 2007. North Carolina Administrative C ode 15A NCAC 02B .0100, .0200 and .0300 Surface Waters and Wetlands Standards . North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Raleigh, NC. 145 pp. Rule, T. Nutrient Criteria in Lakes and Reservoirs: Maryland's Approach . Maryland Department of the Environment, Watershed Mo deling Division, Annapolis, MD. 28 pp. Saunders, J. 2009. Colorado Lake Nutrient Criteria - Update . Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Water Quality C ontrol Division, Standards Unit, Denver, CO. 24 pp. Taylor, W. 2003. Letter from William Taylor to Dawn R. Gallagher, Commissioner, State of Maine. Tetra Tech. 2003. Development of Florida Lake Nutrient Criteria: Summary and Synthesis . Tetra Tech Inc., Fairfax, VA. 12 pp.
USEPA. 2008. U.S. EPA Region 7 TMDL Review. Memo, October 24, 2008. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, Kansas City, KS. Whitmore, T. 2003. Water Quality Trends Associated wi th Algal Changes in Florida Lakes: Historic Evidence for Defining Nutrient Cr iteria Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Departmentof Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 29 pp. Whitmore, T. and M. Brenner. 2002. Paleologic Characterization of Pre-disturbance Water Quality Conditions in EPA Defined Florida Lake Regions . University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL. 30 pp.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-16 Wilton, T. 2008. Nutrient Criteria and its Conne ction to Local Water Quality . Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, IA. <http://www.iowadnr.com/water/standards/nu trients.html>. Accessed January 2010. 

### Appendix A-4. FDEP’s Lake Ve getation Index (LVI) and Sc ientific Peer Review of the LVI ACE. 1987. Wetlands Delineation Manual . Technical Report Y-87-1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory, Wate rways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. <www.wetlands.com/regs/tlpge02e.htm>. Accessed January 2010. Adamus, P.R., T.J. Danielson, A. Gonyaw. 2001. Indicators for Monitoring Biological Integrity of Inland, Freshwater Wetlands: A Survey of North American Technical Literature (1990-2000) . EPA-843-R-01. U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency, Office of Water, Wetlands Division, Washington D.C. Adamus, P.R. and A. Gonyaw. 2000. National database of wetland plant sensitivities to enrichment and hydrologic alteration. Electronic database prepared for Wetlands Division, USEPA, Washington, D.C . Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Corvallis, OR. <www.epa .gov/owow/wetlands/bawwg/publicat.html>. Accessed January 2010. Andreas, B.K. and R.W. Lichvar. 1995. A Floristic Quality Assessment System for Northern Ohio . Wetlands Research Program Technical Report WRP-DE-8. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experi ment Station. Vicksburg, MS. Bachmann, R.W., D.E. Canfield, Jr., and M. V. Hoyer. 2008. A critique of the Lake Vegetation Index: Why it does not measure human impairment of Florida lakes . Prepared for the Florida Department of Environmen tal Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Barbour M.T., Gerritsen J., G.E. Griffith, R. Frydenborg, E. McCarron, J. S. White, and M. L. Bastian. 1996. A framework for biological criteria for Fl orida streams using benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society15:185-211. Beal, E.O. 1977. A Manual of Marsh and Aquatic Vascular Plants of North Carolina with Habitat Data . Technical Bulletin No. 247. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, NC. Brown, M.T. and B. Vivas. 2005. Lands cape development intensity index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 101:289-309. Cohen, M.J., S. Carstenn, and C.R. Lane. 2004. Flor istic quality indices for biotic assessment of depressional marsh condition in Florida. Ecological Applications 14:784–794. Davies, S.P. and S.K. Jackson. 2006. The biological condition gradient: a descriptive model for interpreting change in aquatic systems. Ecological Applications 16(4):1251-1266.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-17 Doherty, S.M., M. Cohen, C. Lane, L. Line, and J. Surdick. 2000. Biological Criteria for Inland Freshwater Wetlands in Flori da: a Review of Technical and Scientific Literature (1990- 1999) . Report for the U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency by the University of Florida, Center for Wetlands, Gainesville, FL. Fennessy, M.S., J.J. Mack, M. Sullivan, M. Knapp, and M. Micacchion. 2007. Assessment of Wetlands in the Cuyahoga River Wa tershed of Northeastern Ohio . Ohio EPA Technical Report WET/2007-4. Ohio Environmental Pr otection Agency, Wetlands Ecology Unit, Division of Surface Water, Columbus, OH. Fernald, E.A. and E.D. Purdum. 1998. Water Resources Atlas of Florida . Florida State University, Institute of Science and Public Affairs, Tallahassee, FL. Fernald, E.A. and E.D. Purdum (Eds.) 1992. Atlas of Florida . University Press of Florida. 280 pp. Findlay, C.S. and J. Houlahan. 1997. Anthropogenic correlates of biodiversity in southeastern Ontario wetlands. Conversation Biology11: 1000-1009.
FLEPPC. 2003. List of Florida's Invasive Species . Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. <http://www.fleppc.org/03list.htm>. Accessed January 2010.
FNAI. 1990. Guide to the Natural Communities of Florida . Florida Natural Areas Inventory and Florida Department of Natural Resources, Tallahassee, FL. 111 pp. Fore, L. 2007. Assessing the Biological Condition of Florida Lakes: Development of the Lake Vegetation Index. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. <http://www.dep.state.fl.us/labs/library/>. Accessed January 2010. Fore, L.S. 2004. Development and Testing of Biomonitori ng Tools for Macroinvertebrates in Florida Streams . Final report to Florida Departme nt of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. <www.dep.state .fl.us/water/bioa ssess/bcmeet.htm>. Accessed January 2010. Fore, L. S. 2003. Developing Biological Indicators: Lessons Learned from Mid-Atlantic Streams

. EPA 903/R-003/003. U.S. Environmental Prot ections Agency Region 3, Office of Environmental Information and Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Program, Ft. Meade, MD. <www.epa.gov/bioindicators/ >. Accessed January 2010. Fore, L.S., R. Frydenborg, D. Miller, T. Fr ick, D. Whiting, J. Espy, and L. Wolfe. 2007. Development and Testing of Biomonitoring Tools for Macroinvertebrates in Florida Streams (Stream Condition Index and Biorecon) . Final Report to Florida Department of Environmental Protec tion, Tallahassee, FL. <ftp://ftp.dep.state.fl.us/pub/labs/assessm ent/sopdoc/sci_final.pdf>. Accessed January 2010. Fore L.S., Karr J.R., and L.L. Conquest. 1994. Statistical properties of an index of biotic integrity used to evaluate water resources. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51:212-231.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-18 Gerritsen, J. and J. White. 1997. Development of a Biological Index for Florida Lakes . A Report to the Florida Department of Environmenta l Protection, Tallahassee, FL, by Tetra Tech, Inc., Owing Mills, MD. Gerritsen, J., R.E. Carlson, D.L. Dycus, C. Faulkner, G.R. Gibson, J. Harcom, and S.A. Markowitz. 1998. Lake and Reservoir Bioassessment and Biocriteria: Technical Guidance Document . EPA 841-B-98-007. U.S. Environmen tal Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Griffith, G.E., D.E. Canfield, Jr., C.A. Horsburgh, and J.M. Omernik, 1997. Lake Regions of Florida . EPA-R-97-127. U.S. Environmental Prot ection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR. 89pp. <http://aquat1.ifas.uf l.edu/education/misc_pdfs/Lake_r egions.pdf>. Accessed January 2010. Guisan, A. and F.E. Harrell. 2000. Ordinal response regression models in ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 11:617–626. Harig, A. L. and M. B. Bain. 1998. Defining and restoring biological integrity in wilderness lakes. Ecological Applications 8:71-87. Hoyer, M. V., D.E. Canfield, Jr., C.A. Horsburgh, and K. Brown. 1996. Florida Freshwater Plants – A Handbook of Common Aqua tic Plants in Florida Lakes . University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultura l Sciences, Gainesville, FL. Hughes, R.M., P.R. Kaufmann, A.T. Herlihy, T.M. Kincaid, L. Reynolds, and D.P. Larsen. 1998. A process for developing and evaluating indices of fish assemblage integrity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:1618-1631. Iversen, J. 1929. Studien über die pH-Verhältniss e dänischer Gewässer and ihren Einfluss auf die Hydrophyten-Vegetation. Bot. Tidskrift. 40:277-326. Karr, J.R. 1991. Biological integrity: a long-negl ected aspect of water resource management. Ecological Applications 1:66-84. Karr, J.R., J.D. Allan, and A.C. Benke. 2000. River conservation in the United States and Canada. In Global Perspectives on River Conservation: Science, Policy, Practice , eds., Boon, P.J., B.R. Davies and G.E. Petts. Wiley, Chichester, UK. pp. 3-39. Karr, J.R., and Chu E.W. 1999. Restoring Life in Running Waters: Better Biological Monitoring

. Island Press, Washington, D.C. Karr, J.R., K.D. Fausch, P.L. Angermei er, P.R. Yant, and I.J. Schlosser. 1986. Assessment of Biological Integrity in Running Wa ter: a Method and its Rationale . Illinois Natural History Survey Special Public ation Number 5, Champaign, IL. Karr, J. R. and C.O. Yoder. 2004. Biological as sessment and criteria improve TMDL decision making. Journal of Environmental Engineering 130(6):594-604.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-19 Lane, C.R., M.T. Brown, M. Murray-Hudson, and M.B. Vivas. 2004. The Wetland Condition Index (WCI): Biological Indicators of Wetland Condition for Isolated Depressional Herbaceous Wetlands in Florida . Report for Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Lane, C. R. 2000. Proposed Wetland Regions for Florida Freshwater Wetlands . Report for the Florida Department of Environmen tal Protection, Tallahassee, FL. <www.dep.state.fl.us/labs/library/index.htm>. Accessed January 2010. Larsen, D. P., N. S. Urquhart, and D. L. Kugler. 1995. Regional scale trend monitoring of indicators of trophic condition of lakes. Water Resources Bulletin 31:117-140. Lopez, R.D., C.B. Davis, and M.S. Fennessy. 2002. Ecological relationshi ps between landscape change and plant guilds indepressional wetlands. Landscape Ecology17(1):43-56. Lopez, R.D. and M.S. Fennessy. 2002. Using the floristic quality assess ment index (FQAI) in wetlands as a biological i ndicator of landscape condition along a gradient of human influence. Ecological Applications 12(2):487-497. Mack, J.J. 2006. Landscape as a predictor of we tland condition: an evaluation of the Landscape Development Index (LDI) with a large reference wetland dataset from Ohio. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 120:221-241. Mack, J.J. 2004. Integrated Wetland Assessment Program. Pa rt 4: Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity (VIBI) and Tiered Aquatic Life Uses (TALUs) for Ohio wetlands . Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Technica l Report WET/2004-4. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Wetland Ecology Group, Division of Surface Water, Columbus, Ohio. McCarron, E. and R. Frydenborg. 1997. The Flor ida bioassessment program: an agent for change. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 3:967-977. Moyle, J.B. 1945. Some chemical factors influencing the distri bution of aquatic plants in Minnesota. American Midland naturalist 34:402-420. Nichols, S., S. Weber, and B. Shaw. 2000. A propos ed aquatic plant community biotic index for Wisconsin lakes. Environmental Management 26:491-502. NRC. 2001. Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management . National Research Council, Water Science and Technology Boar d, Division on Earth and Life Studies. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. O’Brien, W.J., and F. DeNoyelles, Jr. 1974. Relationship between nutrient concentration, phytoplankton density, and zooplankton density in nutrient enriched experimental ponds. Hydrobiologia 44:105-125. Ransel K. P. 1995. The sleeping giant awakes: PUD No. 1 of Jefferson County v. Washington Department of Ecology. Environmental Law25:255-283.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-20 Reiss, K. C., and M.R. Brown. 2005. The Wetland Condition Index (WCI): Developing Biological Indicators for Isolated Depr essional Forested Wetlands in Florida . Report for the Florida Department of Environm ental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Schindler, D.W., F.A.J. Armstrong, S.K. Holmgre n, and G.J. Brunskill. 1971. Eutrophication of Lake 227, Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario, by addition of phosphate and nitrate. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 28: 1763-1782.
SWCS. 1989. Twenty-six Ecological Communities of Florida . Florida Soil and Water Conservation Society, St. Lakeland, FL. 146 pp. Stoddard, J.L., D.P. Larsen, C.P. Hawkins, R.K. Johnson, and R.H. Norris. 2006. Setting expectations for the ecological condition of streams: the c oncept of reference condition. Ecological Applications 16(4):1267-1276. Stumm, W., and J.J. Morgan. 1995. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters . Wiley. NY.
USEPA. 2006. Best Practices for Identifying Reference Cond ition in Mid-Atlantic Streams. EPA260-F-06-002. U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency, Office of Environmental Information, Washington, D. C. <http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/html/public ations.html>. Accessed January 2010. USEPA. 2005. Draft. Use of Biological Information to Better Define Designated Aquatic Life Uses in State and Tribal Water QualityStandards: Tiered Aquatic Life Uses . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2002a. Summary of Biological Assessment Programs and Biocriteria Development for States, Tribes, Territories, and Interstat e Commissions: Streams and Wadeable Rivers

. EPA-822-R-02-048. U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency, Office of Environmental Information and Office of Water, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2002b. Methods for Evaluating Wetland Conditi on: Developing Metrics and Indexes of Biological Integrity . EPA-822-R-02-016. U.S. Environmen tal Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington D.C.
USEPA. 2002c. Methods for Evaluating Wetland Cond ition: Using Vegetation to Assess Environmental Conditions in Wetlands . EPA-822-R-02-020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2003. Status of State and Tribal Programs for Lakes and Reservoirs (2002) . U.S. Environmental Protection Ag ency, Washington, D.C. <http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/biocriteri a/States/lakes/lakes0.html>. Accessed January 2010. Urquhart, N.S., S.G. Paulsen, and D.P. Larse n. 1998. Monitoring for po licy-relevant regional trends over time. Ecological Applications 8:246-257.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-21 Wetzel, R.G. 2001. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. 3rd ed. Academic Press, San Diego. 1006 pp. White, W.A. 1970. The geomorphology of the Florida peninsula. Florida Bureau of Geology Geological Bulletin 51:164 pp. Whittier, T.R., S.G. Paulsen, D.P. Larsen, S.A. Peterson, A.T. Herlihy, and P.R. Kaufmann. 2002. Indicators of ecological st ress and their extent in the population of Northeastern lakes: A regional scale assessment. BioScience 52:235-247. Wunderlin, R.P., and B.F. Hansen. 2004. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants . University of South Florida, Institute for Systematic Botany, Tampa, FL. <http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu>. Accessed January 2010. Yoder, C.O. and E.T. Rankin. 1998. The role of biological indicators in a state water quality management process. Environmental Mon itoring and Assessment 51:61-88. Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis , 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 

### Appendix A-5. FDEP’s Nutrient-L VI Stressor-Response Analyses None 

### Appendix A-6. Multiple Regr ession Models and Criteria None 

### Appendix A-7. FDEP's Benchmark Lakes Data None 

### Appendix A-8. FDEP's Be nchmark Lake Summaries None 

### Appendix A-9. Memo to FDEP Regarding Interval and Equivalence Tests for the LVI None 

### Appendix A-10. FDEP's Lake Vegetation I ndex Biological Gradient Workshop Data NoneTSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-22 

### Appendix B-1. FDEP’s Stressor-Respon se Analyses for Florida Streams Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Rivers, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. 2d ed. EPA 841–B–99–002. U.S. Environmental Prot ection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Bassett, G. and R.W. Koenker. 1986. Strong consistency of re gression quantiles and related empirical processes. Econometric Theory 2:191-201. Bassett, G. and R.W. Koenker. 1982a. Test s of linear hypotheses and L1 estimation. Econometrica 50:1577-1583. Bassett, G. and R.W. Koenker. 1982b. An empirical quantile function for lin ear models with iid errors. Journal of American Statistical Association 77:407-415. Cade, B.S. and B.R. Noon. 2003. A gentle introdu ction to quantile regression for ecologists. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1:412-420. Cade, B.S., J.W. Terrell, and R.L. Schroeder. 1999. Estimating effects of limiting factors with regression quantiles. Ecology 80:311-323. Chang, I. 1982. Outliers in Time Series . Unpublished Ph.D. Dissert ation. Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Chang, I., G.C. Tiao, and C. Chen. 1988. Estimation of time series parameters in the presence of outliers. Technometrics 30:193-204. Koenker, R.W. 1994. Confidence Intervals for Regression Quantiles. In Asymptotic Statistics , eds., P. Mandl and M. Huskova. Proceedings of the Fifth Prague Symposium, PhysicaVerlag, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 349-359. Koenker, R.W. and G. Bassett. 1982. Robust test s for heteroscedasticity based on regression quantiles. Econometrica 50:43-61. Koenker, R.W. and G. Basse tt. 1978. Regression quantiles. Econometrica 46:33-50. Koenker, R.W. and V. d’Orey. 1994. A remark on algorithm AS229: Co mputing dual regression quantiles and regression rank scores. Applied Statistics 43:410-414. Koenker, R.W. and V. d’Orey. 1987. Computing regression quantiles. Applied Statistics 36:383- 393. Koenker, R.W. and J.A.F. Machado. 1999. Goodness of fit and related in ference processes for quantile regression. Journal of the American Statistical Association 94:1296-1310. Koenker, R., P. Ng, and S. Portnoy. 1994. Quantile smoothing splines. Biometrika 81:673-680.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-23 Kolbe, R.W. 1927. Zur ő kologie, morphologie, und systema tik der brackenwasser-diatomeen (The ecology, morphology and systematic s of the brackish-water diatoms). Pflanzenforschung (Jena) 7 :1-146. McClain, C.R. and M.A. Rex. 2001. The relations hip between dissolved oxygen concentration and maximum size in deep-sea turrid gastropods : An application of quantile regression. Marine Biology 139:681-685. Mosteller, F. and J.W. Tukey. 1977. Data Analysis and Regression. Addison-Wesley. Reading, MA. Niu, X., P. Lin, and D. Meeter. 2000. Detecting Change Points in the Species Composition and Water Quality Data of WCA2A . Technical Report Submitted to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection by Florida State University, Department of Statistics, Tallahassee, FL. Niu, X.F. 2009. Statistical Analysis of Stream Da ta-Periphyton Metrics (Weaver Region Panhandle) . Technical Report Submitted to the Fl orida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Pankratz, A. 1991. Forecasting with Dynamic Regression Models. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York, NY. Robertson, D.M., J.D. Graczyk, P.J. Garrison, L. Wang, G. LaLiberte, and R. Bannerman. 2006. Nutrient Concentrations and Their Relations to the Biotic Integrity of Wadeable Streams in Wisconsin . U.S. Geological Survey Profession al Paper 1722. U.S. Geologic Survey, Reston, VA. 139 pp. Robertson, D.M., B.M. Weigel, and D.J. Graczyk. 2008. Nutrient Concentrations and Their Relations to the Biotic Integrit y of Nonwadeable Rivers in Wisconsin . U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1754. U.S. Geologic Survey, Reston, VA. 81 pp. Schwartz, G. 1978. Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics 6:461-464. Stevenson, R.J., A. Pinowska, A. Albertin, and J.O. Sickman. 2007. Ecological Condition of Algae and Nutrients in Florida Springs: The Synthesis Report . Report for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 58 pp. Terrell, J.W., B.S. Cade, J. Carpenter, and J.M. Thomson. 1996. Modeling stream fish habitat limitations from wedged-shaped patter ns of variation in standing stock. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125:104-117. 

### Appendix B-2. FDEP's Development and Testing of Biomonitoring Tools for Macroinvertebrates in Florida Streams Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, G.E. Griffith, R. Frydenborg, E. McCarron, J.S. White, and M.L. Bastian. 1996. A framework for biological criteria for Fl orida streams using benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American Benthological Society15:185-211.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-24 Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and W adeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Fish . 2nd ed. EPA 841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Washington, D.C. Beck, W.M. 1954. Studies in stream pollution bi ology, I: A simplified ecological classification of organisms. Quarterly Journal of the Fl orida Academy of Sciences 17(4):212-227. Blocksom, K.A. 2003. A performance comparison of metric scoring methods for a multimetric index for Mid-Atlantic Highlands streams. Environmental Management 31:670-682. Bowman, M.L., J. Gerritsen, G.R. Gibson, Jr., and B.D. Snyder. 2000. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Waters: Bioassessment and Biocri teria Technical Guidance. EPA-822-B-00-024. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D. C. Brigham, A.R., W. Brigham, and A. Gnilka (Eds). 1982. Aquatic Insects and Oligochaetes of North and South Carolina . 4.1-4.100. Midwest Aquatic Enterprises, Mahomet, IL. Brown, M.T., N. Parker, and A. Foley. 1998. Spatial Modeling of Landscape Development Intensity and Water quality in the St. Marks River Watershed . Prepared for Florida Department of Environmental Protection by the University of Florida, Center for Wetlands, Gainesville, FL. Brown, M.T., and B. Vivas. 2005. Lands cape development intensity index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 101: 289-309. Bryce, S.A., R.M. Hughes, and P.R. Kaufmann. 2002. Development of a bird integrity index: Using bird assemblages as i ndicators of riparian condition. Environmental Management 30:294-310. Bryce, S.A., D.P. Larsen, R.M. Hughes, and P.R. Kaufmann. 1999. Assessing relative risks to aquatic ecosystems: A mi d-Appalachian case study. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35(1): 23-36. Carter, J.L. and V.H. Resh. 2001. Af ter site selection and before data analysis: sampling, sorting, and laboratory procedures used in stream be nthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by USA state agencies. Journal of the North Amer ican Benthological Society20:658-682. Chang, I. 1982. Outliers in Time Series Unpublished . Unpublished Ph.D. Disse rtation. University of Wisconsin, Department of Statistics, Madison, WI. Chang, I., G.C. Tiao, and C. Chen. 1988. Estimation of time series parameters in the presence of outliers. Technometrics 30:193-204. Chapman, P.A., M.A. Farrell, and R.O. Brinkhurst . 1982. Relative tolerances of selected aquatic oligochaetes to individual pollutants and environmental factors. Aquatic Toxicology 2:47-67.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-25 Chapman, P.M. 2001. Utility and rele vance of aquatic oligochaetes in ecological risk assessment. Hydrobiologia 463: 149–169. Clements, W.H., D.M. Carlisle, J.M. Lazorchak, and P.C. Johnson. 2000. Heavy metals structure benthic communities in Colorado mountain streams. Ecological Applications 10:626-638. Corbet, P. 1999. Dragonflies: Behavior and Ecology of Odonata . Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY. Davies, S.P. and S.K. Jackson. 2006. The biological condition gradient: a descriptive model for interpreting change in aquatic systems. Ecological Applications 16(4):1251-1266. DeShon, J. E. 1995. Development and Application of the Invertebrate Community Index (ICI). In Biological assessment and cr iteria: Tools for water resource planning and decision making , eds., Davis W.S., and T.P. Si mon. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. Doberstein, C.P., J.R. Karr, L.L. Conquest. 2000 . The effect of fixed-count subsampling on macroinvertebrate biomonitoring in small streams. Freshwater Biology44:355-371. Efron, B. 1979. Bootstrap methods: Another look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics 7:1-26. Efron, B., and R. J. Tibshirani. 1993. An Introduction to the Bootstrap . Chapman and Hall. New York, NY. Fernald, E.A., and E.D. Purdum, (Eds). 1992. Atlas of Florida . University Press of Florida. Gainesville, FL.
FDEP. 2007. Department of Environmental Protecti on Standard Operating Procedures for Laboratory Activities . Table LT7200-1 of LT 7200 Stream Condition Index (SCI) Determination in DEP-SOP- 002/01. LT 7000 Determination of Biological Indices. Florida Department of Environmental Protection. <http://www.dep.state.fl.us/labs/sop/index.htm.> Accessed January 2010.
FDEP. 2005. Statistical Analysis of Surface Wate r Quality Specific Conductance Data . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Laboratories, Di vision of Resource Assessment and Management, Tallahassee, FL. <ftp://ftp.dep.state.fl.us/pub/labs/assessmen t/library/docs/cond_criteria.pdf>. Accessed January 2010.
FDEP. 2004 . Department of Environmental Protection Standard Operating Procedures for Field Activities . DEP-SOP-001/01. FT 3000 Aquatic Habitat Characterization. (FT 3100, Stream/River Habitat Assessment, and Stream /River Habitat Assessment Field Sheet (FD 9000-5). Florida Department of Environmental Protection. <http://www.dep.state.fl.us/labs/qa/sops.htm>. Accessed January 2010. FNAI and Florida Department of Natural Resources. 1990. Guide to the Natural Communities of Florida . Florida Natural Areas Inve ntory and Florida Department of Natural Resources, Tallahassee, FL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-26 Fore, L.S. 2003. Developing Biological Indicators: Lessons Learned from Mid-Atlantic Streams

. EPA 903/R-003/003. U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency Region 3, Office of Environmental Information and Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Program, Ft. Meade, MD. <http://www.epa.gov/bioind icators>. Accessed January 2009. Fore, L.S. 2002. Biological Assessment of Mining Disturbance on Stream Nnvertebrates in Mineralized Areas of Colorado. In: Biological Response Signatures: Indicator Patterns Using Aquatic Communities , ed. Simon, T.P. CRC Press LLC. Boca Raton, FL. Fore, L.S., and C. Grafe. 2002. Using diatoms to a ssess the biological conditi on of large rivers in Idaho (USA). Freshwater Biology47:2015-2037. Fore, L.S., J.R. Karr, and L.L. Conquest. 1994. St atistical properties of an index of biotic integrity used to evaluate water resources. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51:212-231. Fore, L.S., J.R. Karr, and R.W. Wisseman. 1996. Assessing invertebrate response to human activities: Evaluating alternative approaches. Journal of the North American Benthological Society15:212-231. Fore, L.S., K. Paulsen, and K.O’Laughlin. 2001. Assessing the performance of volunteers in monitoring streams. Freshwater Biology46:109-123. Frydenborg, R., and D. Miller. 2007. Biological Condition Gradi ent Workshop, October 24, 2006 . Florida Department of Environm ental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Griffith, G.E., J.M. Omernik, C. M. Rohm, and S.M. Pierson. 1994. Florida Regionalization Project . U. S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR. Hawkins, C.P., R.H. Norris, J.N. Hogue, and J.W. Feminella. 2000. Development and evaluation of predictive models for measuring th e biological integrity of streams. Ecological Applications 10:1456–1477. Hoenig, J.M., and D.M. Heisey. 2001. The abus e of power: The pervasive fallacy of power calculations for data analysis. The American Statistician 55:19-24. Hughes, R.M., P.R. Kaufmann, A.T. Herlihy, T.M. Kincaid, L. Reynolds, and D.P. Larsen. 1998. A process for developing and evaluating indices of fish assemblage integrity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:1618-1631. Hughes, R.M., and T. Oberdorff. 1998. Applicati on of IBI Concepts an d Metrics to Waters Outside the United States

. In: Assessing the Sustainability and Biological Integrity of Water Resources Using Fish Communities , ed., Simon, T.P. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. Hutchens, J.J.Jr., K. Chung, and J.B. Wallace. 1998. Temporal variability of stream macroinvertebrate abundance and biom ass following pesticide disturbance. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 17:518-534.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-27 Jackson, L.E., J.C. Kurtz, and W.S. Fisher, (Eds). 2000. Evaluation Guidelines for Ecological Indicators . EPA/620/R-99/005. U.S. Environmenta l Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC. Johnson, D.H. 1999. The insignificance of statistical significance testing. Journal of Wildlife Management 63:763-772. Karr, J.R. 1998. Rivers as Sentinels: Usi ng the Biology of Rivers to Guide Landscape Management. In: River Mecology and Management: Le ssons from the Pacific Coastal Ecosystem , eds., Naiman R.J., and R.E. Bilby. Springer. New York, NY. Karr, J.R. 1991. Biological integrity: A long-neglect ed aspect of water resource management. Ecological Applications 1:66-84. Karr, J.R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6(6):21-27. Karr, J.R., J.D. Allan, and A.C. Benke. 2000. River Conservation in the United States and Canada. In: Global Perspectives on River Conservation: Science, Policy, Practice , eds. Boon, J.P., B.R. Davies, and G.E. Petts. J. Wiley, Chichester, UK. Karr, J.R., and E.W. Chu. 1999. Restoring Life in Running Waters : Better biological Monitoring

. Island Press. Washington, D.C. Karr, J.R., K.D. Fausch, P.L. Angermei er, P.R. Yant, and I.J. Schlosser. 1986. Assessment of Biological Integrity in Running Water: A Method and its Rationale . Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publicati on Number 5, Champaign, Illinois. Karr, J.R., and E. Morishita Rossano. 2001. Appl ying public health lessons to protect river health. Ecology and Civil Engineering 4:3-18. Karr, J.R., P.R. Yant, and K.D. Fausch. 1987. Spa tial and temporal variab ility of the index of biotic integrity in three Midwestern streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society116:1-11. Karr, J.R., and C.O. Yoder. 2004. Biological as sessment and criteria improve total maximum daily load decision making. Journal of Environmental Engineering 130:594-604. Kerans, B.L., and J.R. Karr. 1994. A benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) for rivers of the Tennessee River Valley. Ecological Applications 4:768-785. Kimberling, D.N., J.R. Karr, and L.S. Fore. 2001. Measuring human disturba nce using terrestrial invertebrates in the shrub-steppe of eastern Washington (USA). Ecological Indicators 1:63-81. Klemm, D.J., K.A. Blocksom, F.A. Fulk, A.T. Herlihy, R.M. Hughes, P.R. Kaufmann, D.V. Peck, J.L. Stoddard, W.T. Thoeny, M.B. Gr iffith, and W.S. Davis. 2003. Development and evaluation of a macroinvertebrate biot ic integrity index (MBII) for regionally assessing Mid-Atlantic Highlands streams. Environmental Management 31(5):656-669.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-28 Klemm, D.J., K.A. Blocksom, W. T. Thoeny, F.A. Fulk, A.T. Her lihy, P.R. Kaufmann, and S.M. Cormier. 2002. Using macroinvertebrates as indicators of ecological conditions for streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region. Environmental Mon itoring and Assessment 78:169-212. Larsen, D.P. and A.T. Herlihy. 1998. The dilemmaof sampling streams for macroinvertebrate richness. Journal of the North Am erican Benthological Society17:359-366. McCarron, E., and R. Frydenborg. 1997. The Flor ida bioassessment program: An agent for change. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 3:967-977. Mebane, C.A. 2002. Effects of Metals on Freshwat er Macroinvertebrates: a Review and Case Study of the Correspondence of Multimetri c Index, Toxicity testing, and Copper Concentrations in Sediment and Water. In: Biological Response Signatures: Indicator Patterns Using Aquatic Communities , ed., Simon, T.P. CRC Press LLC. Boca Raton, FL Mebane, C.A. 2001. Testing bioassessment metric s: macroinvertebrate, sculpin, and salmonid responses to stream habitat sedi ment and metals. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 67:293-322. Merritt, R.W., and K.W. Cummins, (Eds). 1996. An Introduction to the A quatic Insects of North America , 3 rded. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Dubuque, IA. Merritt, R.W., J.R. Wallace, M.J. Higgins, M.K. Alexander, M.B. Berg, W.T. Morgan, K.W. Cummins, and B. Vandeneeden. 1996. Procedures for the functional analysis of invertebrate communities of the Ki ssimmee river floodplain ecosystem. Florida Scientist 59:216-274. Milliken, G.A., and D.E. Johnson. 1992. Analysis of Messy Data. Vo l. 1, Designed Experiments

. Chapman and Hall. New York, NY. Miltner, R.J., and E.T. Rankin. 1998. Primary nutrients and the biotic integrity of rivers and streams. Freshwater Biology40:145-158. Morley, S.A., and J.R. Karr. 2002. Assessing the bi ological health of urban streams: Tools for restoration and conservation. Conservation Biology16:1498-1509.
NRC. 2001. Assessing the TMDL approach to water quality management . National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studi es, Water Science and Technology Board. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Niu, X., P. Lin, and D. Meeter. 2000. Detecting Change Points in the Species Composition and Water Quality Data of WCA2A . Technical Report Submitted to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection by the Florida Stat e University, Department of Statistics, Tallahassee, FL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-29 Niu, X. and D. Miller. 2007. Change Point Analysis and Model Comparison of Stream Condition Index and Biological Condition Gradient Data . Technical Report Submitted to the Florida Department of Environmen tal Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Norton, S.B., S.M. Cormier, M. Smith, and R. Christian Jones. 2000. Can biological assessments discriminate among types of stress? A case study from the Eastern Corn Belt Plains ecoregion. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry19:1113-1119. Pankratz, A. 1991. Forecasting with Dynamic Regression Models . John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York, NY. Pescador, M., A. Rasmu ssen, and S. Harris. 1995. Identification Manual for the Caddisfly (Trichoptera) Larvae of Florida . Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Pescador, M., A. Rasmussen, and B. Richard. 20 00. A guide to the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Florida. Florida Department of Envi ronmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Ransel, K.P. 1995. The sleeping giant awakes: PUD No. 1 of Jefferson County v. Washington Department of Ecology. Environmental Law25:255-283. Rasmussen, A., and M. Pescador. 2002. A Guide to the Megaloptera and Aquatic Neuroptera of Florida . Florida Department of Environm ental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Schwartz, G. 1978. Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics 6: 461-464. Smith, D. 2001. Pennak’s Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States. John Wiley and Sons. New York, NY. Snell, L.J., and W. Anderson. 1970. Water Resources of Northeast Florida . Invest. No. 54. Florida Bureau of Geology, Tallahassee, FL. Steedman, R.J. 1988. Modification and assessment of an index of biotic integrity to quantify stream quality in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences 45:492-501. Stoddard, J.L., D.P. Larsen, C.P. Hawkins, R.K. Johnson, and R.H. Norris. 2006. Setting expectations for the ecological condition of streams: the c oncept of reference condition. Ecological Applications 16:1267–1276.
SWCS. 1989. Twenty-six Ecological Communities of Florida . Florida Soil and Water Conservation Society, St. Lakeland, FL. Thompson, F. 1984. Freshwater Snails of Florid a, a Manual for Identification . University Press of Florida. Gainesville, FL.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-30 Thorne, R.S. T.J., and W.P. Williams. The response of benthic macroinvertebrates to pollution in developing countries: A multimetric system of bioassessment. Freshwater Biology37: 671-686. Thorp, J., and A. Covich, (Eds). 1991. Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press. San Diego, CA.
USEPA. 2006. Wadeable Streams Assessment: A Collabora tive Survey of the Nation's Streams

. EPA 841-B-06-002. U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. <http://www.epa.gov/owow/streamsurvey/>. Accessed January 2010. USEPA. 2006a. Draft. Consolidated Assessment and Listing Methodology – Toward a Compendium of Best Practices . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2006b. Best Practices for Identifying Refere nce Condition in Mid-Atlantic Streams

. EPA-260-F-06-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Information, Washington, D. C. USEPA. 2005. Draft. Use of Biological Information to Better Define Designated Aquatic Life Uses in State and Tribal Water QualityStandards: Tiered Aquatic Life Uses . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2003a. Draft Report on the Environment 2003 . EPA-260-R-02-006. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Information and Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2003b. Biological Indicators of Watershed Health . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2003c. Guidance for 2004 Assessment, Listing and Reporting Requirements Pursuant to Sections 303(d) and 305(b) of the Clean Water Act . Memorandum. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2002. Methods for Evaluating Wetland Conditi on: Developing Metrics and Indexes of Biological Integrity . EPA-822-R-02-016. U.S. Environmen tal Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2002. Summary of Biological Assessment Pr ograms and Biocriteria Development for States, Tribes, Territories, and Interstat e Commissions: Streams and Wadeable Rivers

. EPA-822-R-02- 048. U.S. Environmental Prot ection Agency, Office of Environmental Information and Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2001. National Coastal Condition Report . EPA-620-R-01-005. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development and Office of Water Washington, D.C.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-31 USEPA. 2000. Stressor Identification Guidance Document . EPA-822-B-00-025. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water and Office of Research and Development Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 1998. Lake and Reservoir Bioassessment and Bi ocriteria: Technical Guidance Document. EPA 841-B-98-007. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 1985. Questions and Answers on Antidegradation . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. <http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/library/wqstandards/antidegqa.pdf>. Accessed January 2010. Vowell, J.L. 2001. Using stream bioassessmen t to monitor best management practice effectiveness. Forest Ecology and Management 143:237-244. White, W.A. 1970. The geomorphology of the Florida peninsula. Florida Bureau of Geology

. Geological Bulletin 51. White, W.A. 1958. Some geomorphic features of central peninsular Florida. Florida Bureau of Geology

. Geological Bulletin 41. Wolfe, L.E. and K.M. Lurding. 1999. Statewide Biological Database . Florida Department of Environmental Protec tion, Tallahassee, FL. <1Uftp://ftp.dep.state.fl.us/pub/labs/biol ogy/biodb/dbmanual.pdfH>. Accessed January 2010. Yoder, C.O., and J.E. DeShon. 2002. Using Biologi cal Response Signatures Within a Framework of Multiple Indicators to Assess and Diagnos e Causes and Sources of Impairments to Aquatic Assemblages in Selected Ohio Rivers and Streams. In: Biological response signatures: Indicator patterns using aquatic communities , ed., Simon, T.P. CRC Press LLC. Boca Raton, FL. Yoder, C.O., and E.T. Rankin. 1998. The role of biological indicators in a state water quality management process. Environmental Mon itoring and Assessment 51:61-88. Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis , 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 

### Appendix B-3. FDEP’s Stream Diatom Index (SDI) USEPA. 2009. Proposed Methods and Approaches for Deve loping Numeric Nutrient Criteria for Florida’s Inland Waters . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Health and Ecol ogical Criteria Division, Washington, D.C. 

### Appendix B-4. Statistical Analysis of Nutr ient Water Quality Pa rameters by Florida Watersheds NoneTSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

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### Appendix B-5. Alternative Ca lculations for EPA’s Proposed Nutrient Watershed Region Distribution Approach None 

### Appendix B-6. Statistical Analysis of Ambient Water Quality Data in Florida Streams by FDEP’s Nutrient Regions USEPA. 2007. Nutrient Criteria Technica l Guidance Manual: Wetlands . EPA-822-R-07-004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agenc y, Office of Water, Washington, DC.
USEPA. 2001. Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual: Estuarine and Coastal Marine Waters . EPA-822-B-01-003U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2000a. Nutrient Criteria Technical Gui dance Manual: Rivers and Streams . EPA-822- B-00-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2000b. Nutrient Criteria Technical Gui dance Manual: Lakes and Reservoirs . EPA-822- B-00-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.
USEPA. 2000c. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Reco mmendations. Information Supporting the Development of State and Tribal Nutrient Criteria: Rivers and Streams in Nutrient Ecoregion II . EPA-822-B-00-015. U.S. Environmenta l Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2000d. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Reco mmendations. Information Supporting the Development of State and Tribal Nutrient Criteria: Rivers and Streams in Nutrient Ecoregion III . EPA-822-B-00-016. U.S. Environmenta l Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. 

### Appendix B-7. Distribution Statistics fo r Streams and Rivers Using U.S. EPA's Nutrient Watershed Regions USEPA. 2000. Nutrient Criteria Technical Guid ance Manual: Rivers and Streams . EPA-822-B00-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. 

### Appendix B-8. Extrapolating Natural Background Nutrient Concentrations Dodds, W.K. and R.M. Oakes. 2004. A techni que for establishing reference nutrient concentrations across watersheds affected by humans. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 2:333-341. Soranno, P.A., K.S. Cheruvelil, R.J. Stevenson, S.L. Rollins, S.W. Holden, S. Heaton, and E. Torng. 2008. A framework for developing eco system-specific nutrient criteria: Integrating biological threshol ds with predictive modeling. Limnology and Oceanography53:773-787.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

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### Appendix B-9. Analysis of FDEP Benchmar k Sites and WBID/Segment 303(d) List Status FDEP. 2009. 303(d) List . Florida Department of Environm ental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. <http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/watersheds/assessment/303drule.htm>. Accessed January 2010.
USEPA. 2009a. EPA’s Decision Document on Florida’s Updated 202(d) List . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, O ffice of Water, Washington, D.C. <http://www.epa.gov/region4/water/tmdl/florida/documents/fl09303d_decisiondoc_0902 09.pdf>. Accessed January 2010. USEPA. 2009b. Decision of the Environmental Protec tion Agency (EPA) to Add Waters to Florida's Section 303(d) List . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. <http://www.epa.gov/region4/water/tmdl/florida/documents/fl09303d_publicnotice_0909 09.pdf>. Accessed January 2010. 

### Appendix B-10. Analysis of Land Dist urbance Index Comput ation Approach for FDEP’s Benchmark WBIDs None 

### Appendix B-11. Analysis of FDEP’s Rapid Periphyton Survey Data None 

### Appendix B-12. Multip le Regression Model for Stream SCI FDEP. 2007 . Development and Testing of Biomonitori ng Tools for Macroinvertebrates in Florida Streams (Stream Condition Index and Biorecon), Final Report . Prepared by Fore, L.S., R. Frydenborg, D. Miller, T. Frick, D. Whiting, J. Espy, and L. Wolfe. Florida Department of Environmental Protecti on, Nonpoint Source Bioassessment Program, Tallahassee, FL. 

### Appendix B-13. Mapping Continuous Bi ological Index Values to BCG Tiers Guisan, A. and F.E. Harrell. 2000. Ordinal response regression models in ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science 11:617–626. 

### Appendix B-14. Memo to FDEP Regarding Interval and Equivalence Tests for the SCI Barnett, V. and M. Bown. 2002. Statistically meaningful standards for co ntaminated sites using composite sampling. Environmetrics 13:1-13.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

C-34 Bowman, M.F. and K.M. Somers. 2005. Consider ations when using the reference condition approach for bioassessment of freshwater ecosystems. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada 40:347–360. Bowman, M.F. and K.M. Somers. 2006. Evaluating a novel Test Site Analysis (TSA) bioassessment approach. Journal of the North Amer ican Benthological Society 25:712-727. Gibbons, R.D. 2003. A statistical approach for performing water quality impairment assessments. Journal of the American Wa ter Resources Association 39:841–849. Goudey, R. 2007. Do statistical inferences allo wing three alternative decision give better feedback for environmentally precautionary decision-making? Journal of Environmental Management 65:338-344. Kilgour, B.W., K.M. Somers, and D.E. Matthew s. 1998. Using the normal range as a criterion for ecological significance in environmental monitoring and assessment. Ecoscience 5:542–550. Lin, P., D. Meeter, and X.F. Niu. 2000. A Nonparametric Procedur e for Listing and Delisting Impaired Waters Based on Criterion Exceedances . Technical report submitted to Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. Parkhurst, D.F. 2001. Statistical significance test s: Equivalence and reverse tests should reduce misinterpretation. BioScience 51:1051–1057. Shabman, L. and E. Smith. 2003. Implications of applying statistically based procedures for water quality assessment. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 129(4):330-336. Smith, E.P., K. Ye, C. Hughes, and L. Shabman. 2001. Statistical assessment of violations of water quality standards under Section 303d of the Clean Water Act. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology35:606–612. Smith, E.P., A. Zahran, M. Mahmoud, and K. Ye. 2003. Evaluation of water quality using acceptance sampling by variables. Environmetrics 14:373-386.
SWRCB. 2004. Functional Equivalent Document: Water Quality Control Policy for Developing California’s Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List . California Division of Water Quality, State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA. <http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/303d_policydocs.shtml>. Accessed January 2010. Warn, A.E. 1989. Auditing the quali ty of effluent discharges. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 12:165–181.TSD for U.S. EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria for FL Inland Surface Fresh Waters

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### Appendix B-15. FDEP's Site Information and Taxa Lists for Stream Benchmark Site Samples None 

### Appendix B-16. FDEP's Site Information and Taxa Lists for SCI BCG Workshop Samples None 

### Appendix B-17. FDEP's Stream Benchmark Summaries None 

### Appendix B-18. In-Stream and Downstream Protection Value (IPV/DPV) Tables with DPV Geo-Reference Table to Florida WBIDs None