NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 12a0157n.06

No. 10-5784

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

KATHY W. LeFEVERS,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL

SECURITY,

Defendant-Appellee.

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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED

STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE 

EASTERN DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY

Before: SUHRHEINRICH, SUTTON and COOK, Circuit Judges.

SUTTON, Circuit Judge. Kathy LeFevers asks us to reverse the district court’s conclusion

that an administrative law judge (ALJ) permissiblydenied her benefits under theSocial SecurityAct. 

Because substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision, we affirm.

I.

After a car accident in September 2000, LeFevers received chiropractic treatment for pain

in her neck and restricted movement in her left arm. In December 2001, she began seeing Dr.

Talmadge Hays, a primarycare physician who determined that LeFevers suffered from bulging discs

in her cervical spine and spinal cord compression. Dr. Hays referred LeFevers to Dr. Henry Tutt,

a neurosurgeon who evaluated LeFevers the same month and recommended surgery to fuse some of

LeFevers’s cervical vertebrae. LeFevers refused surgery. 
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LeFevers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

In May 2005, LeFevers saw several doctors for evaluation and treatment. She visited Dr.

Hays in August and November of 2005 for medication refills. Dr. Hays followed up in January

2006, conducting an assessment of LeFevers’s ability to perform work-related activities. He found

that LeFevers: (1) could sit, stand or walk for one hour each out of an eight-hour workday; (2) could

lift up to ten pounds occasionally, but could never lift more than that or carry any weight at all; (3)

could occasionally bend but could not squat, crawl, climb, grasp with either hand, or reach above

shoulder level; and (4) was “afraid to undergo nec[essary] surgery.” AR 179. In May 2006,

LeFevers had a second car accident and again came to Dr. Hays complaining of pain in her neck, arm

and back. 

In August 2007, LeFevers visited Dr. Ronald Dubin, an orthopedist who evaluated

LeFevers’s neck, back and MRIscans. He found several bulging discs in her cervical vertebrae and

one bulging disc in her lumbrosacral spine. Dr. Dubin concluded that LeFevers’s lower back

problems were the result of her recent accident, but that 50% of her cervical spine problems were

caused by the accident nine years earlier. Dr. Dubin recommended spinal decompression for

LeFevers’s lumbrosacral spine. LeFevers underwent the spinal decompression, and it relieved much

of the pain in her lower back. Dr. Dubin noted that LeFevers had reached maximum medical

improvement but would remain impaired due to the second car accident and would be unable to

perform any work requiring “repetitive bending, stooping, lifting or crawling.” 

In May 2008, LeFevers visited Dr. Bradley Davis. Dr. Davis found that LeFevers had

decreased range of motion in her neck and lower back but no joint deformities or decreased range

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LeFevers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

of motion in her upper extremities. Due to her decreased range of motion, Dr. Davis recommended

that LeFevers be mildly restricted in “lifting, carrying, reaching, pushing, pulling, climbing,

crawling, and environmental [exposure to] vibrations.” AR 346. He found no evidence that

LeFevers had a reduced tolerance for “stooping, bending, sitting, standing, moving about, handling

objects, or traveling.” Id. Dr. Davis found that LeFevers could stand, sit or walk for eight hours

during the work day and could operate foot controls continuously. 

LeFevers applied for disability benefits in 2005, claiming she had been disabled since the

2000 accident. The agency denied benefits, and the ALJ affirmed the denial. At the request of the

Commissioner, the district court remanded her case for further consideration. The ALJ held a second

hearing, compiling more information about the second accident and additional treatment notes from

Drs. Hays, Dubin and Davis. The ALJ again found no disability, and the district court affirmed. 

II.

LeFevers presses two claims on appeal: (1) the ALJ rejected the opinion of Dr. Hays, her

treating physician, without providing good reasons for doing so; and (2) the ALJ relied on a

vocational expert’s testimony based on flawed hypotheticals. 

Treating physician. ALJs must “evaluate every medical opinion [they] receive” about a

claimant and give “controlling weight” to opinions from treating sources “[i]f [they] find that a

treating source’s opinion . . . is well-supported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory

diagnostic techniques and is not inconsistent with the other substantial evidence in [the claimant’s]

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LeFevers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

case record.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d), (d)(2). An ALJ must provide “good reasons” for not giving

a treating physician’s opinion controlling weight. Id.

In this instance, the ALJ considered the treatment notes from Dr. Hays, but gave them “little

weight” because the assessments were “overstated” and “not consistent with the weight of the

longitudinal medical treatment showing only sporadic, conservative treatment.” AR 250. The ALJ

relied on several features of LeFevers’s treatment history that were inconsistent with Dr. Hays’s

assessment: LeFevers refused to undergo necessary surgery out of fear and declined to have nonsurgical decompression performed on her cervical spine, even though the same procedure alleviated

the pain in her lower back; she claimed she could not afford the surgery, an account inconsistent with

the $42,000 settlement she received from the two accidents; she opted for conservative treatment of

the pain, which was inconsistent with Dr. Hays’s assessments of severe, life-altering pain; she

received only sporadic care and tried not to take her medications unless absolutely necessary, and

even then often took half-doses; and she was able to perform “essentially normal activities of daily

living,” which included caring for her children and her 20-year old daughter. The ALJ found that

this “evidence demonstrates mild chronic pain with moderate, infrequent, episodes of exacerbation,”

as opposed to the kind of debilitating condition described by Dr. Hays. AR 249.

All of this amounts to “good reasons” for refusing to give controlling weight to a treating

physician’s opinion. The ALJ permissibly opted not to give Dr. Hays’s opinion controlling weight.

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LeFevers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

Vocational expert testimony. The ALJ also found LeFevers was not entitled to benefits

because the Commissioner identified many jobs in the national economy that LeFevers could

perform. AR 252. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1560(c), 404.1566. An ALJ may rely on the opinions of

a vocational expert premised on an accurate portrayal of the claimant’s impairments. Ealy v.

Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 594 F.3d 504, 512–13 (6th Cir. 2010). Had the ALJ improperly discounted

Dr. Hays’s opinion, LeFevers would have a serious argument here, as the hypothetical premised on

the Hays opinion shows few available jobs. Yet because the ALJ permissibly discounted the Hays

opinion, that requires LeFevers to show that the vocational hypothetical on which the ALJ relied 

did not reflect the assessments of two other opinions, those of Drs. Dubin and Davis, which the ALJ

credited. AR 250. No reversible error occurred.

The ALJ asked the vocational expert: 

Assume the Claimant would be capable of light exertion, would be not capable of

doing any climbing of ramps or ladders or scaffolds, no balancing, no exposure to

vibrating equipment or torso vibration—either one. Simple instructions, occasional

and casual contact with supervisors or co-workers, capable of making occasional

adjustments to work place or work routine settings, work schedule. . . . The Claimant

requires an object-focused environment. Now with these limitations and considering

the Claimant’s age and education level would there be jobs in the regional or national

economy such a person might perform? 

AR 430. The expert identified 6,400 positions in the state of Kentucky and 305,000 in the nation

for a person facing these qualifications and limitations. AR 431. The ALJ followed up by asking:

Light exertion, no climbing of ladders, ropes, or scaffolds, no crawling, no more than

occasional climbing of ramps or stairs or stooping or bending or crouching, no sitting

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LeFevers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

or standing and each in excess of 30 minutes uninterrupted, no overhead motions

with the . . . non-dominant left upper extremity. No more than frequent reaching,

pushing, or pulling—and when I say reaching I mean reaching in other directions

other than of overhead—with a non-dominant left upper extremity. . . . With these

additional limitations, [ ] would this effect the answer to the prior hypothetical?

AR 431. The expert responded that these limitations would reduce the number of available jobs by

half, leaving 3,200 jobs in the region and 146,000 in the nation. AR 431.

As LeFevers sees it, these hypotheticals omitted restrictions identified by the doctors on

whom the ALJ relied: (1) Dr. Dubin’s opinion that LeFevers could not perform “repetitive” lifting

and (2) Dr. Davis’s restriction on more than occasional reaching. As to the first point, the

hypothetical assumed LeFevers could perform light work, defined to include “lifting no more than

20 pounds at a time with frequent lifting or carrying of objects weighing up to 10 pounds.” 20

C.F.R. § 404.1567(b) (emphasis added). Dr. Dubin is not an agency doctor, and nothing indicates

he was using the term “repetitive”—or not using the term “frequent”—in any technical sense. In

ordinary nomenclature, a prohibition on “repetitive” lifting does not preclude a capacity for

“frequent” lifting, as the district court held. No reversible inconsistency exists.

As to the second point, the relevant hypothetical assumes that LeFevers can handle jobs

requiring “no more than frequent reaching.” LeFevers complains that this assessment is inconsistent

with an agency disability form filled out by Dr. Davis, in which he checks a box saying that she

could engage in “occasional[]” reaching. She is right about the inconsistency but wrong to say it

makes a difference. Dr. Davis issued a four-page report about his treatment of LeFevers and her

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LeFevers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

medical condition, which concluded that there was only a “mild restriction in [LeFevers’] tolerance

for . . . reaching.” AR 346. Any discrepancy between the form and the report was resolved by the

ALJin his findings concerning LeFevers’ residual functional capacity. There, the ALJfinds she can

perform “no more than frequent . . . reaching.” AR 245–46. LeFevers has not challenged the

validity of this finding (other than to say Dr. Hays’s opinion should not have been discounted), and

accordingly cannot credibly complain that it should not have been a premise of this hypothetical

presented to the vocational expert. No error occurred.

III.

For these reasons, we affirm the denial of benefits.

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