| The              Library of Congress>>Especially              for Researchers>>Research              Centers   Home >> Country             Studies >> AustriaFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress PagesA Country Study: Austria**Library of Congress Call Number DB17                   .A8 1994**- Austria  ForewordAcknowledgments
- Preface  Country                       Profile - Country  GeographySociety
- Economy  Transportation                           and CommunicationsGovernment                           and Politics
- National                           Security    Introduction- Chapter                       1 - Historical Setting  (Steven R. Harper)                          - The                           Alpine Danubian Region before the Habsburg Dynasty      - The                               Celtic and Roman Eras  The                               Early Medieval EraThe                               Holy Roman Empire and the Duchy of Austria
- Rise                           of the Habsburg Empire    - The                               Habsburg Dynasty in the Late Medieval Era  Territorial                               Expansion, Division, and ConsolidationThe                               Protestant Reformation in the Habsburg Lands
- The                               Turkish Threat   The                           Counter-Reformation and the Thirty Years' War- Division                               and Rebellion  The                               Thirty Years' War, 1618-48The                               Peace of Westphalia
- The                           Baroque Era    - Political                               and Religious Consolidation under Leopold  The                               Turkish Wars and the Siege of ViennaThe                               War of the Spanish Succession
- The                               Pragmatic Sanction and the War of the Austrian Succession,                               1740-48   The                           Reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II- Baroque                               Absolutism and Enlightened Despotism  The                               Strategic Impact of the Reform EraThe                           Habsburg Empire and the French Revolution
The                               Napoleonic Wars
- The                               Congress of Vienna   Austria                           in the Age of Metternich- International                               Developments, 1815-48  Domestic                               PoliciesThe                           Revolution of 1848 and Neoabsolutism
Revolutionary                               Rise and Fall
- The                               Failure of Neoabsolutism  Loss                               of Leadership in GermanyAustria-Hungary                           to the early 1900's
The                               Founding of the Dual Monarchy
- Final                               Defeat in Germany and Reconciliation with Prussia  The                               Eastern QuestionInternal                               Developments in Austria
- The                           Final Years of the Empire and World War I    - The                               Crisis over Bosnia and Hercegovina  World                               War IThe                               End of the Habsburg Empire and the Birth of the                               Austrian Republic
- The                           First Republic    - Overview                               of the Political Camps  The                               Foundation of the First RepublicPolitical                               Life of the 1920s and Early 1930s
- The                               End of Constitutional Rule  Growing                               German Pressure on AustriaThe                           Anschluss and World War II
Absorption                               of Austria into the Third Reich
- Nazi                               Economic and Social Policies  Repression                               and ComplianceWorld                               War II and the Defeat of Nazi Germany
- Restore                           Independence Under Allied Occupation    - Foundation                               of the Second Republic  Four-Power                               Occupation and Recognition of the Provisional GovernmentThe                               1945 Election and Consolidation of the Austrian                               Government
- Consolidation                               of Democracy  Austria's                               Integration with the WestThe                               1955 State Treaty and Austrian Neutrality
- The                           Grand Coalition and the Austrian People's Party Coda,                           1955-70    - Foreign                               Policy in the Late 1950s and 1960s  Elections                               and PartiesDomestic                               Tranquillity under the Grand Coalition
- The                           Kreisky Years, 1970-83    - Electoral                               Politics in the Kreisky Era  Domestic                               IssuesForeign                               Policy
- End                               of the Kreisky Era       - Chapter                       2 - The Society and Its Environment  (Lonnie Johnson)                            - Geography        - Landform                               Regions  Human                               GeographyClimate
- Ecological                               Concerns   Austrian                           National IdentityDemography
Demographic                               Development
- Immigration  EmigrationSocial                           Minorities
Official                               Minority Groups
- Other                               Minorities    - Gypsies  JewsForeign                                   Workers
- Attitudes                               Toward Minorities   Social                           StructureFamily                           Life
Family                               Developments after the 1960s
- Status                               of Women   ReligionEducation
- Social                           Security     - Employment,                               Unemployment, and Pension Benefits  Health                               and Health InsuranceFamily                               Benefits
- Housing      - Chapter                       3 - The Economy  (W.R. Smyser)                            - Economic                           Growth and Government Policy        - Historical                               Background  Developments                               During the 1970s and 1980sThe                               New Policies
- The                               Magic Pentagon  The                               Subsidy PolicyForeign                               Workers in Austria
- Principal                           Economic Interest Groups    - The                               Chambers of Commerce  The                               Chambers of AgricultureThe                               Chambers of Labor
- The                               Professions  The                               Austrian Trade Union FederationWorks                               Councils
- The                               Federation of Austrian Industrialists   Social                           Partnership Structure                           of the Economy
The                               Agricultural Sector
The                                   Government Role
- The                                   Structure of Agriculture   The                               Industrial Sector- Industry  Efforts                                   to Improve CompetitivenessMining                                   and Minerals
- Energy  The                               Services Sector- Retail                                   Trade  Transportation                                   and TelecommunicationsTourism
- Money                                   and Banking    Foreign                           Economic Relations- Foreign                               Trade and the Balance of Payments  Austria                               and European IntegrationOpenings                               Toward the East
Chapter                       4 - Government and Politics
 (John F. Schaettler)                       
Constitutional                           Framework
- Government                           Institutions    - The                               Federal President  Chancellor                               and CabinetNationalrat
- Bundesrat  BundesversammlungJudicial                               System
The                                   Constitutional Court
- The                                   Administrative Court  Ordinary                                   CourtsSpecial                                   Courts
- The                                   People's Attorney  Legal                                   TrainingCivil                               Service
- Provincial                               Government  Local                               GovernmentElectoral                               System
- Political                           Dynamics    - The                               Social Democratic Party of Austria  The                               Austrian People's PartyThe                               Freedom Party of Austria
- The                               Green Parties  Political                               Developments since 1983- SP�-FP�                                   Coalition, 1983-86  Election                                   of Kurt Waldheim as PresidentThe                                   National Election of 1986 and the Grand Coalition                                   of 1987-90
- The                                   Parliamentary Election of 1990  Events                                   of 1991-93Mass                           Media 
Newspapers                               and Periodicals
- Radio                               and Television   Foreign                           Relations - Foreign                               Policy During the Kreisky Era  New                               Focus on EuropeRegional                               Issues
Chapter                       5 - National Security
 (Jean R. Tartter)                       
Historical                           Background 
The                               Habsburg Military
- Two                               World Wars: 1914-18 and 1939-45   Strategic                           Concepts and Missions of the Austrian Armed ForcesNeutrality                           and the Armed Forces
- National                           Defense     - Army  Personnel,                               Conscription, Training, and ReservesArmy                               Equipment
- Air                               Force  Uniforms,                               Ranks, and InsigniaMilitary                               Justice
- The                               Defense Budget  Domestic                               and Foreign Sources of Military EquipmentInternal                           Security
Penal                               Codes
- Criminal                               Court Proceedings  PoliceIncidence                               of Crime
- Penal                               System       - Appendix. Tables    BibliographyGlossary

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