### ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND STAT E MENT ON U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTE CT ION AGENCY AND NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC HIGH\IVAY SAFETY ADM I NISTRATION "P ROPOSED RULE- GREENHOUSE GAS EM I SSIONS AND FUEL

EFFICIENCY STANDARDS FOR MEDIUM- AND H EA VY-DUTY ENG INES AND VEH I CLES-PHASE 2 " EPA-HQ

- OAR

- 20 14-08 27 N HTSA

- 2014

- 0132 

## * * 

## * HILARY S I NNAMON 

## * * * Public H e aring Los Angeles, Ca liforni a 

### August 18 , 2015

On be h a lf o f E nv iro nm e ntal D e f e nse Fund a nd o ur more than 1 milli o n me mb e r s n a tion w id e a nd th e nea rl y 2 00 , 000 h e re in Ca lif o rni a, I s in ce re l y th a nk yo u f o r th e o pp o rtuni ty t o t e tif y t o d ay in s upp o rt of a tim e ly a nd ri go ro u s Phase 2 prog r a m t o redu ce c limat e p o lluti o n a nd fu e l co n s umpti o n fr o m o ur na ti o n 's fleet of h eavy- dut y tru c k s andbu ses - th e most swift l y grow in g transportati on so urce o f g r eenJwuse gas e mi ss ions in th e Unit ed S t ates. i Th e proposed s t anda rd s build on th e hi s t o ri c fir s t eve r fuel economy a nd g r cenJ10 u se gas s tandard s for the heavy

- duty secto r. The s uccess of th e fir s t ph ase of th e p r og ram is already be ing demonstrated b y th e de ma nd fo r more effic ie nt truck s- m ode l yea r 2014 h

eavy- duty tru cks saw th e high es t sa les s in ce 2005 i i and C lass 8 sa les thi s summe r arc up an impr ess iv e 23 % ove r th e sa m e tim e las t year. iii Thi s seco nd pha se of th e program pro vid es a c riti ca l opportunity to de li ve r eve n greate r e mi ss ion s a nd oi l reduct ion s wh il e sp urrin g teclmo logica l inno va tion and sav in g bu s in esses a nd cons um e rs money. II cavy trucks tran spo rt th e product s we buy every da y a nd pcrfom1 thousands of o ther vit a l se rv ic es . However, th ese ve hicle s also consume more than 1 35 milli o n ga ll ons of fu e l eve ry d ay an d e mit more than 450 mill io n m e tri c t o n s of c limate po ll uti o n a nnu a ll y . i v In Ca lifornia , h eavy tru cks co ntribut e s i g nificantly t o the s tat e's ca rb on p o lluti o n a nd air qua lity problems. Sou th e rn Ca lif o rni a has the worst air qua lit y in th e country a nd , in Los A n ge les Co unt y alone , nea rl y 400,000 c hil dre n s uff e r from asthma w hil e li vi n g in an area that fa il s th e health-ba se d s t an d ard s for ozo ne and p arti cu l ate pollution. v Th e county i s a l

so hom e to the larges t port co mpl ex in the n ation , wh i c h r e l i es o n h eavy- dul y ve hi c les to sus tain its operations

- ve hi cles th a t ca n be clean e r and more ef ficient. Cal if o rnia has a lr ea dy de mon s trat e d cri ti ca l leade r s hip , r ecog ni z in g the imp o rtance of achieving e mi ss io n reductio ns from th e s tate's lar ge tru cks a nd bu ses - ac ti o ns tha t ha ve s purr ed cri ti ca l pro gress both statew id e a nd nationally. Fo r exa mple , Ca liforn ia 's trail e r efficiency s tandard s ha ve yie lded s tro ng benefits and arc now an import an t feature o f th e age nc ies' propo se d rul e. And ju st rece ntl y, Go ve rnor Brown at mounccd a n i niti ative to furth er s tre ngth e n th e e n vironmenta l a nd eco nomic p e rf o rm a n ce of Ca l ifornia 's transportatio n sec t or. Th e Pha se 2 he avy- dut y g r eenl1ousc gas and fu e l economysta nd ards arc one of the s in g l e m ost imp o rt a nt oppo rtuniti es to protect hum an h ea lth and the env iro nm e nt in Ca lif o rn ia and across th e nati o n. While the propo sa l s by EPA a nd DOT arc an imp o rt ant s t ep forward , th e re arc many key oppo rtuniti es to s tre n g th e n th e standards in a way that secu res the e mi ss ion r e ductions that arc needed t o pro t ec t our fami li es and com munities a nd that drives American ingenuity to en s ure we are inno vat in g t o s tre n g th e n our eco n o m y a nd pr o tec t ou r environment. I n ad diti on to o th e r o pp ortun iti es, we respec t fu ll y make the followin g ce ntr a l recommendation s. # I: S treng th en th e engi n e s tandard A se parate, rigorous e ngine s tandard i s esse nti al to del ive r p e rman e nt , r ea l-wo rld em iss ion s r e du c tion s . It a lso allows EPA a nd manufac t ure rs to s imu lt aneou s l y eva luate NOx and C02 e mi ss ions , e n su rin g that effic i e n cy impro ve ments do not r es ult in hi ghe r NOx emissions. H oweve r , the propo sed 4.2 pe r ce nt e n gine efficie ncy impro ve ment ove r ten yea rs falls woefu ll y s hort of what manufa c ture rs an d l eading a na lyses have indicated is v iabl e. Ex i s tin g t ec hnologies have the potent i a l to cost-effec ti ve l y in c rea se the engine ef

fici e ncy by 1 5% beyond the 20 17 levels . A weak e ng ine standard und cm 1in es the overa ll t ractor tr a il e r s tand ard and fai l s to d riv e a wide array of impo rt a nt e n g ine t ec hn o lo gies th at can del ive r r ea l wo rld r e du c ti on. The Agencie s mu s t finali ze a protective e ngin e s tandard that re fl ects th e inn ova ti ve path oftoday's tec hnologi es and carr i es out it s l ega l r espo ns ibilities under ou r nati o n 's c lea n ai r law s. #2 : Acce le rate th e timing of th e s tanda rd s t o 2024 T o ensure the Pha se 2 pro g r am dri ves need e d emission r eductions and t ec hnological inno va tion in th e nca r term , it is essen ti a l th at s ta nd a rd s be ful ly imp l e m ente d by 2 0 24 . The agencies' own ana l ys i s - proposed as Altemative 4- indi cates thi s i s e min e ntly feasible and cos t- e ff ec ti ve. Speeding th e tra n s iti o n to cleaner truck s wo uld save an add iti ona l 200,000 barre l s of oil per day in 2035, and avo id a n add iti o nal 40 millionmetric tons of g lobal wanning e mi ss ions annually.'·i A faster timelinc wou ld a l so ha sten the important NOx reduct i ons- 2.4 mil l ion t o n s reduc e d over th e l if e of th e pro g ram - an improvement Ca l ifornia would ce1iain l y b e n e fit from. # 3 : Promul gate protective emissions standards for the particulate pollution from AP Us Aux ili ary power units (A PU s) arc among the technologies available to reduce fuel use from sleeper cab trac to rs du e to idlin g. H owever, the particulate standards for diesel APUs, established und e r the nonroad n il e , arc not nearly as prot ec ti ve as the truck engine s tandard s for MY 20 07 and later truck s, wh i c h requ ire th e u se of diesel particulate filters ( DPF s) or co mp arab le alte mati ve. This di s parity a llo ws diesel A PU s to emit more than five times as much h armfu l diesel particulate as the trucks they arc relieving.' ii This increase in particu late emiss ions will be e s p ecia ll y s ign ificant at idling "hotspots" lik e truck s t ops , distribution cente rs and port areas like h ere in Long Beach. Ca lif ornia has already es tabli s h e d more protect ive s tandard s fo r A PUs and ha s concluded the t ec hnologie s arc available and hig hly cost-effect ive. We r e qu es t that EPA fol l ow Cali fomia 's lead a nd put in plac e protective particulate emiss i ons sta nd ar ds for these units to protect public health and the environm e nt from the harmfu l impact s of diesel particulates. The Pha se 2 s ta ndard s r ep r ese nt an important opportunity to protect America's health, stre n gthen it s economy, and improve e n ergy sec urity all wh ile sav in g trucker s money in fuel costs. I apprec iate the oppo rtunity to t es tify , and r es p ec tfully reque s t th e Agencies finalize rigorous prot e ct ive standards f or Ca lif orn ia a nd o ur nation. Thank you.

' . Energy lnfonuati o n A ge nc y. Annual En e r gy Outl ook ( 2 0 15) Tables A-7 and A-19 . " http: // www.truck ingi n lQ..com / channellflcct

- managcmcnl/newsls l orv/ 20 14 / 1 0/ hcalth y- demand-ovcrall

- fortrucks-in- scp tcmber.aspx?rcf = rcl- r ecommended ( la s ! ac ce sse d No vember 5, 2014 ) ,;, h llp :// t rai l a-bodybui ldcrs.com / chassislmedium-and-hca\ y-truck

- sa les - 7-july " En e rg y lnfom1a1i o n A g en cy , Annual En e r gy Outlook ( 20 15 ) Tables A- 7 and A-1 9 ." America n Lung Association, State of the Air 2015 website, report card for Los Angeles Coun ty. A vailablc at: htt p: //ww w .s t a teo fth ea ir .o rg/ 20 1 5 / s ta tes / ca li fo rni a/ l o s-a n g cl es . htnl! ( l ast accessed Augus t 13, 20 1 5). ,; UCS f<tctsheet, "New ly Propo sed Heavy-du ty Truck Efficiency S tandards for 20 18

- 2029," J u l y 2015. htt p: //ww w . uc s u s a .o r g/s ites/ cl e f a ul t/ fi l es/ a tt ac h/ 2 0 1 5/ 0 7 / p rop o scd- h cavy- duty-ve h i c l es-s ta n da rd s.pd 

### r ,;; CARI3, Staff R epor t: I nitial Statement o.f Reasons No tice of Publi c H earing to Consider R eq uir emen t s to R ed u ce I dling Emissions from NeiV and I n-Use Tm cks, Beginning in 2008 (2005). Table 3 and Table 5, page 44. htt p: // www .arb .ca. gov/ regacU hd v idl c/ i s o r . p d I'