| The              Library of Congress>>Especially              for Researchers>>Research              Centers   Home >> Country             Studies >> PolandFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress PagesA Country Study: Poland**Library of Congress Call Number DK4040                   .P57 1994**- Poland  ForewordAcknowledgements
- Preface  Chronology                       of Important EventsCountry                       Profile 
Country
- Geography  SocietyEconomy
- Transportation  Government                           and PoliticsNational                           Security 
- Introduction     - Chapter                       1 - Historical Setting  (Neal Pease)                            - Early                           History Until 1385        - The                               Origins of Poland  The                               Medieval Era- Fragmentation                                   and Invasion, 1025-1320  The                                   Later PiastsIntegration                               into European Civilization
- The                           Jagiellon Era, 1385-1572    - The                               Polish-Lithuanian Union  The                               "Golden Age" of the Sixteenth Century- Poland-Lithuania                                   as a European Power  The                                   Government of Poland-LithuaniaPoland-Lithuania                                   in the Reformation Era
- The                                   Polish Renaissance  The                                   Eastern Regions of the RealmThe                           Noble Republic, 1572-1795
The                               Elective Monarchy
- The                               Deluge, 1648-67  Decay                               of the CommonwealthThe                               Three Partitions, 1764-95
First                                   Partition
- National                                   Revival  Destruction                                   of Poland-LithuaniaPartitioned                           Poland
The                               Napoleonic Period
- The                               Impact of Nationalism and Romanticism  The                               Era of National InsurrectionsThe                               Time of "Organic Work"
- Social                               and Political Transformation   Independence                           Won and Lost, 1914-45- World                               War I    - War                                   and the Polish Lands  Recovery                                   of StatehoodInterwar                               Poland
Formative                                   Years, 1918-21
- From                                   Democracy to Totalitarianism  Poland's                                   International SituationWorld                               WarII
The                                   Outbreak of War
- German                                   and Soviet Rule  Resistance                                   at Home and AbroadSoviet                                   Liberation of Poland
- The                           Polish People's Republic    - Consolidation                               of Communist Power  From                               Stalinism to the Polish OctoberThe                               Gathering Crisis of People's Poland, 1956-80
The                                   Gomulka Years
- Consolidation                                   of the Opposition in the 1970s   The                               Birth of SolidarityThe                               Jaruzelski Interlude
Martial                                   Law
- Poland                                   at an Impasse  Collapse                                   of the Communist RegimeToward                                   the Round-Table Talks
- The                               1989 Elections and Their Aftermath       - Chapter                       2 - The Society and Its Environment  (Glenn E. Curtis)                            - Physical                           Setting         - Topography  DrainageClimate
- Environment                           and Pollution    - Environmental                               Conditions and Crises  Environmental                               GroupsGovernment                               Environmental Policy
- Demography    - Languages  Population                               Growth and StructurePopulation                               Density and Distribution
- The                           Social Order    - Ethnic                               Groups      - Jews  GermansUkrainians                                   and Belarusians
- Gypsies   The                               IntelligentsiaThe                               Working Classes
Agricultural                                   Workers
- Industrial                                   Workers   Social                               RelationshipsThe                               Role of Women
- Housing    - Communist                               Housing Policy  Polish                               Housing in PracticeHousing                               after 1989
- Religion    - The                               Polish Catholic Church and the State      - Church                                   and State Before 1945  The                                   Early Communist DecadesRelations                                   in the 1970s and 1980s
- Church                                   and State after 1989   The                               Polish Catholic Church and the PeopleOther                               Churches
The                                   Greek Catholic Church
- The                                   Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession  The                                   Old Catholic ChurchesThe                                   Polish Ecumenical Council
- Education    - The                               Education Tradition  Eras                               of RepressionThe                               Drive for Education Reform
- Structure                               of the Education System   Health                           and Welfare- Health                               Conditions  The                               Health Care SystemHealth                               Issues
AIDS
- Narcotics  AlcoholismThe                               Welfare System
Structural                                   Change
- Welfare                                   Benefits        - Chapter                       3 - The Economy  (Zbigniew M. Fallenbuchl)                            - Natural                           Resources         - Minerals                               and Fuels  Agricultural                               ResourcesLabor                               Force
- The                           Economy Under the Communist System    - System                               Structure  Development                               StrategyDevelopment                           of the Centrally Planned Economy
Establishing                               the Planning Formula
- Retrenchment                               and Adjustment in the 1960s  Reliance                               on Technology in the 1970sReform                               Failure in the 1980s
- After                           the fall of the Communist System    - Marketization                               and Stabilization      - Required                                   Short-Term Changes  The                                   Shock StrategyInitial                                   Results
- Long-Term                                   Requirements   Macroeconomic                               Indicators for 1990-91- Price                                   Increases  Impact                                   on Productivity and WagesStatistical                                   Distortions
- Agricultural                                   Imbalances  Causes                                   of DeclineThe                               External Balance of the Economy
- The                               Privatization Process  Economic                               Policy Making in the 1990sStructure                           of the Economy
Fuels                               and Energy
Coal
- Oil                                   and Gas  Power                                   GenerationExtractive                               and Manufacturing Industries
Light                                   Industry
- Automotive                                   Industry  Construction                                   MachineryShipbuilding
- Agriculture    - Organization                                   under State Planning  Private                                   and State FarmsPostcommunist                                   Restructuring
- Fishing                               and Forestry    - Fishing  ForestryTransportation                               and Communications
- Banking                               and Finance    - The                                   State Banking System  Banking                                   Reform, 1990-92Insurance                                   and Securities Reform
- New                                   Financial Institutions  Foreign                                   Loans and Money SupplyForeign                           Trade 
The                               Foreign Trade Mechanism
- Postcommunist                               Policy Adjustments    - The                                   End of the Soviet Era  The                                   Role of Currency ExchangeForeign                               Investment
- Economic                           Prospects       - Chapter                       4 - Government and Politics  (Ronald D. Bachman)                            - Political                           Setting        - The                               Round Table Agreement  The                               Mazowiecki GovernmentPopular                               Election of a President
- The                               Bielecki Government  The                               Parliamentary Elections of October 1991The                               Olszewski Government
- The                               Pawlak Interlude  The                               Suchocka GovernmentThe                           Constitution 
The                               Constitution of 1952
- Constitutional                               Revisions after April 1989   Government                           Structure - Presidency  SejmSenate
- Supreme                               Control Chamber  Council                               of MinistersRegional                               and Local Government
- Judicial                               System    - The                                   National Judicial Council  The                                   Supreme CourtLower                                   Courts
- The                                   Supreme Administrative Court  The                                   Constitutional TribunalThe                                   State Tribunal
- The                                   Prosecutor General   The                                   Commissioner for Citizens' Rights Political                           Parties 
Solidarity
- Center                               Alliance  Democratic                               UnionLiberal-Democratic                               Congress
- Beer-Lovers'                               Party  Peasant                               AllianceChristian                               National Union
- Party                               of Christian Democrats  Confederation                               for an Independent PolandPZPR                               and Successor Parties
- Polish                               Peasant Party   Politics                           and the Media- The                               Early Opposition Press  Liberalization                               in the 1980sThe                               End of Press Censorship
- Book                               Publishing  Radio                               and TelevisionForeign                           Relations 
Soviet                               Union and Russia
- Other                               Former Soviet Republics    - Baltic                                   States  BelarusUkraine
- Southern                                   Neighbors and the Visegr�d Triangle   GermanyThe                               United States
- Other                               Western Countries  International                               Organizations- Chapter                       5 - National Security  (Glenn E. Curtis)                          - Development                           of the Armed Forces      - From                               Medieval Times to World War I  The                               Interwar YearsWorld                               War II
- The                               Communist Era    - Postwar                                   Consolidation  Defining                                   the Military's Postwar RoleMartial                                   Law
- Transition                                   and Reform    National                           Security Policy- Threat                               Perception  Military                               DoctrineStrategy                               and Tactics
- Military                               Cooperation and Exchanges   Defense                           Organization - The                               Communist Tradition  Evolution                               and Restructuring- Civilian                                   Command Structure  Military                                   Command StructureThe                                   Military Prosecutor
- Lines                                   of Authority   National                               Security AgenciesArmed                               Services
Ground                                   Forces
- Navy  Air                                   and Air Defense ForcesTerritorial                                   Defense Forces
- Military                           Manpower    - The                               Military and Society  Recruitment                               and Service ObligationsMilitary                               Training and Education
Conscript                                   Training
- Officer                                   Education  Reserves                                   and MobilizationDefense                           and the National Economy
Military                               Budget
- Arms                               Procurement    - Arms                                   Imports  Domestic                                   Arms ProductionArms                                   Exports
- Law                           and Order    - Internal                               Security      - Security                                   Service  Militia                                   ForcesBorder                                   Troops
- Crime  Penal                               SystemUnder                               Communism
Postcommunist                                   Reform
Appendix. Tables
- Bibliography  Glossary
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