| The              Library of Congress>>Especially              for Researchers>>Research              Centers   Home >> Country             Studies >> EgyptFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress PagesA Country Study: Egypt- Egypt  ForewordAcknowledgments
- Preface  Country                       Profile - Country  GeographySociety
- Economy  Transportation                           and CommunicationsGovernment                           and Politics
- National                           Security   Introduction- Chapter                       1 - Historical Setting    - Ancient                           Egypt       - The                               Predynastic Period and the First and Second Dynasties,                               6000-2686 B.C.  The                               Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate                               Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C.Pyramid                               Building in the Old and Middle Kingdoms
- The                               New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, 1552-664                               B.C.  Art                               and Architecture in the New KingdomThe                               Cult of the Sun God and Akhenaten's Monotheism
- The                               Late Period, 664-323 B.C.   Ptolemaic,                           Roman and Byzantine Egypt, 332 B.C.-A.D. 642- The                               Alexandrian Conquest  The                               Ptolemaic PeriodEgypt                               under Rome and Byzantium, 30 B.C.-A.D. 640
- Medieval                           Egypt    - The                               Arab Conquest, 639-41  The                               Tulinids, Ikhshidids, Fatimids, and Ayyubids, 868-                               1260The                               Mamluks, 1250-1517
- Egypt                           Under the Ottoman Empire  Modern                           Egypt- The                               Neo-Mamluk Beylicate, 1760-98  The                               French Invasion and Occupation, 1798-1801Muhammad                               Ali, 1805-48
- Abbas                               Hilmi I, 1848-54 and Said, 1854-63  Social                               Change in the Nineteenth Century- Rural                                   Society  Towns                                   and CitiesFrom                           Autonomy to Occupation: Ismail, Taqfiq, and the Urabi                           Revolt
Khedive                               Ismail, 1863-79
- From                               Intervention to Occupation, 1876-82   From                           Occupation to Normal Independence: 1882-1923- The                               Occupiers  Economy                               and Society under OccupationEgypt                               under the Protectorate and the 1919 Revolution
- The                           Era of Liberal Constitutionalism and Party Politics    - The                               Rise and Decline of the Wafd, 1924-39  Egypt                               During the War, 1939-45On                               the Threshold of Revolution, 1945-52
- The                               Revolution and the Early Years of the New Government:                               1952-56  Egypt                               and the Arab WorldNasser                               and Arab Socialism
- Egypt,                               the Arabs, and Israel  The                               June 1967 WarThe                           Aftermath of War
Internal                               Relations
- External                               Relations  Nasser's                               LegacySadat                               Takes Over, 1970-73
- October                               1973 War  Political                               Developments, 1971-78Egypt's                               New Direction
- Peace                               with Israel  The                               Aftermath of Camp David and the Assassination of                               SadatMubarak                           and the Middle Way
Chapter                       2 - The Society and Its Environment
Geography
Physical                               Size and Borders
- Natural                               Regions    - Nile                                   Valley and Delta  Western                                   DesertEastern                                   Desert
- Sinai                                   Peninsula   ClimatePopulation
Population                               Control Policies
- Major                               Cities  EmigrationMinorities
- Social                           Organization    - Urban                               Society  Rural                               SocietyFamily                           and Kinship
Importance                               of Kinship
- Attitudes                               Toward Women  Changing                               Status of WomenReligion
Islam
Early                                   Developments
- Contemporary                                   Islam  Islamic                                   Political MovementsCoptic                               Church
- Other                               Religious Minorities   EducationHealth                           and Welfare
Chapter                       3 - The Economy
Structure,                           Growth, and Development of the Economy
Infrastructure
- Transportation  CommunicationsThe                           Role of Government
Mubarak's                               Gradualism?
- Development                               Planning  Pricing                               and SubsidyExchange                               Rates
- Public                               Finance  Banking,                               Credit, and InflationLabor
Employment
- Wages   Agriculture- The                               Food Gap  Land                               Ownership and ReformLand                               Reclamation and Loss
- Pricing                               Policy  Cropping                               Patterns, Production, and YieldTechnology
- Energy,                           Mining, and Manufacturing    - Energy  MiningManufacturing
- Foreign                           Trade    - Exports  ImportsTrade                               Partners
- Balance                           of Payments and Main Sources of Foreign Exchange    - Petroleum  Suez                               CanalRemittances
- Tourism  Current                               Account BalanceCapital                               Account and Capital Grants
- Direct                               Foreign Investment  LoansDebt                           and Restructuring
Chapter                       4 - Government and Politics
The                           Dominant Executive and the Power Elite
The                               Presidency
- The                               President and the Power Elite  The                               Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers, and the                               Policy-making ProcessThe                               Road to Power: Recruitment and Composition of the                               Elite
- Elite                               Ideology  Politics                               among Elites- Military                                   Politics  The                                   Politics of Economic StrategyThe                               Bureaucracy and Policy Implementation
- Local                               Government   The                           Subordinate Branches: The Regine and its Constituency- Parliament  The                               Judiciary, Civil Rights, and the Rule of LawThe                               Political Role of the Media
- Interest                               Groups   Controlling                           the Mass Political Arena- The                               "Dominant Party System"    - The                                   Ruling Party  The                                   Opposition PartiesElections
- The                               Limits of Incorporation: The Rise of Political Islam                               and the Continuing Role of Repression   Foreign                           Policy - The                               Determinants of Foreign Policy  Foreign                               Policy Decision MakingThe                               Development of Foreign Policy
Chapter                       5 - National Security
Military                           Heritage
The                               Egyptian Military in World War II
- First                               Arab-Israeli War  The                               1956 WarThe                               June 1967 War
- War                               of Attrition and the October 1973 War   Security                           Concerns and Strategic PerspectivesThe                           Military in National Life
- The                           Armed Forces    - Army  Air                               ForceNavy
- Air                               Defense Force  Training                               and EducationConscription                               and Reserves
- Conditions                               of Service  Defense                               SpendingMilitary                               Justice
- Uniforms                               and Insignia   Armed                           Forces Production- Production                               of Civilian Goods  Defense                               IndustryForeign                           Military Assistance
- Internal                           Security    - Muslim                               Extremism  Leftist                               OrganizationsPolice
Organization
- Training  Central                                   Security ForcesIntelligence                               Services
- Crime                           and Punishment    - The                               Judicial System  Incidence                               of CrimeDrug                               Trafficking
- The                               Penal System       - Appendix. Tables    BibliographyGlossary

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