| The              Library of Congress>>Especially              for Researchers>>Research              Centers   Home >> Country             Studies >> RomaniaFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress PagesA Country Study: Romania**Library of Congress Call Number DR205                   .R613 1990**- Romania  ForewordAcknowledgements
- Preface  Country                       Profile - Visit new updated                       Profile(PDF)- Country  GeographySociety
- Economy  Transportation                           and CommunicationsGovernment                           and Politics
- National                           Security    Introduction- Chapter                       1 - Historical Setting  (Charles Sudetic)                          - Early                           History from Pre-History to the 11th Century      - The                               Getae  Roman                               DaciaThe                               Age of the Great Migrations
- Transylvania,                           Walachia, and Moldavia from the 11th Century to the                           17th Century    - The                               Magyars' Arrival in Transylvania  Origins                               of Walachia and MoldaviaThe                               Ottoman Invasions
- Transylvania                           Under the Habsburgs, 1688-1867    - The                               Uniate Church  The                               Reign of Joseph IIThe                               Revolution of 1848
- Unification                               of Transylvania and Hungary   Walachia                           and Moldavia Under the Russian Protectorate, 1711- 1859- The                               Phanariot Princes  The                               Russian ProtectorateThe                               Crimean War and Unification
- Romania                           and Transylvania to the End of the World War I, 1861-                           1919    - Romania                               under Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen  The                               Balkan Wars and World War IGreater                               Romania and the Occupation of Budapest
- Greater                           Romania to the End of World War II, 1920-45    - The                               Agrarian Crisis and the Rise of the Iron Guard  World                               War IIArmistice                               Negotiations and Soviet Occupation
- Postwar                           Romania, 1944-85     - Petru                               Groza's Premiership  Elimination                               of Opposition PartiesThe                               Romanian People's Republic
- The                               Post-Stalin Era  Gheorghiu-Dej's                               Defiance of KhrushchevThe                               Ceausescu Succession
- Dynastic                               Socialism and the Economic Downturn       - Chapter                       2 - The Society and Its Environment  (Sherri Poradzisz)                            - Physical                           Environment         - Boundaries                               and Geographical Position  TopographyClimate
- Population    - Demographic                               History  Demographic                               PolicySettlement                               Structure
Traditional                                   Settlement Patterns
- Rural-Urban                                   Migration   Systematization:                               A Settlement StrategyEthnic                           Structure 
Historical                               and Geographical Distribution
- National                               Minorities under Communist Rule    - Nation-Building                                   and National Minorities  Language,                                   Education, and Cultural HeritageEmigration:                                   Problem or Solution?
- Social                           Structure    - The                               End of the Ancien R�gime  The                               New Social Order- The                                   Peasantry  The                                   ProletariatThe                                   Intelligentsia
- The                                   Ruling Elite   Social                               MobilityInstitutions                           and Organs of Society
Family
The                                   Evolution of Family Law
- Changes                                   in Family Structure  Family                                   LifeWomen                               and Women's Organizations
- The                               Education System    - Administration  Political                                   Education and SocializationEducation                                   and Legitimacy of the Regime
- Preschool                                   and Kindergarten  Primary                                   EducationSecondary                                   Education
- Higher                                   Education   Religion- Church-State                                   Relations  The                                   Romanian Orthodox ChurchThe                                   Roman Catholic Church
- The                                   Uniate Church  Other                                   ReligionsSocial                           Conditions 
Housing
- Public                               Health  State                               Welfare Assistance- Chapter                       3 - The Economy  (Ronald D. Bachman)                          - Economic                           Structure and Dynamics      - Evolution  Administration                               and Control- Stalin's                                   Legacy  Ownership                                   of Economic AssetsDominance                                   of the Romanian Communist Party
- Administrative                                   Hierarchy  Planning                                   Pricing                                   and Profit
- The                                   State Budget  RevenuesExpenditures
- Banking    - The                                   Role of Banking in a Centrally Planned Economy  Banking                                   institutionsCredit                                   policy
- Currency    Natural                           Resources - Land  WaterForests
- Fossil                               Fuels  Other                               MineralsLabor
Distribution                               by Economic Sectors
- Unpaid                               Labor  DemographicsProductivity                               
- Foreign                           Trade     - Goals                               and Policy  Trading                               PartnersStructure                               of Exports and Imports
- Retirement                               of the Foreign Debt   Industry- Geographic                               Distribution  Energy- Crisis                                   of the 1980s  Electric                                   PowerOil                                   and Gas
- Coal   Machine                               Building- Aircraft                                   Industry  Automotive                                   IndustryLocomotives                                   and Rolling Stock 
- Machine                                   Tools  Computers                                   and Automation TechnologyElectrical                                   Engineering
- Shipbuilding   MetallurgyChemicals
- Light                               Industry   Transportation                           and Telecommunications- Railroads  HighwaysInland                               Waterways
- Maritime                               Navigation  Air                               TransportTelecommunications
- Agriculture    - Agricultural                               Regions  Major                               CropsLivestock
- Fishing  Farming                               PracticesFarm                               Organization
- Administration  Procurement                               and DistributionConsumption
- Goals                           for the 1990's      - Chapter                       4 - Government and Politics  (Sergiu Verona)                            - Governmental                           System         - Constitutional                               Development   Structure                           and Functioning of the Government- Central                               Government    - Grand                                   National Assembly  The                                   State CouncilPresident                                   of the Republic
- Council                                   of Ministers  Judicial                                   SystemJoint                               Party-State Organizations
- Local                               Government  Electoral                               SystemRomanian                           Communist Party
Membership
- Organizational                               Structure  Ideology                               and Party ProgramParty                               Training
- Mass                           Organizations     - Union                               of Communist Youth  General                               Union of Trade UnionsPolitical                           Developments During the Ceausescu Era
Period                               from 1965 to 1970
- 1967                               Party Conference  Rehabilitation                               and De-StalinizationTenth                               Party Congress
- Eleventh                               Party Congress  Twelfth                               Party CongressThirteenth                               Party Congress
- Cult                               of Personality  Emergence                               of an Organized OppositionMass                           Media 
- Foreign                           Policy     - Administration   Relations                           with Communist States- Soviet                               Union and Eastern Europe  HungaryRelations                           with Non-Communist States
West                               Germany
- United                               States  Other                               Western CountriesMiddle                               East
- Africa  The                               CSCE Meeting in Vienna- Chapter                       5 - National Security  (Karl Wheeler Soper)                          - Historical                           Background      - Defense                               of Romanian Lands in Ancient Times and the Middle                               Ages  Ottoman                               Domination and the Struggle for National Unity and                               Independence- Military                                   Development under Alexandru Ioan Cuza  War                                   of Independence, 1877-78The                               Romanian Army in World War I
- Security                               during the Interwar Years and the Second World War  Development                               of the Romanian Armed Forces after World War IIMilitary                           Doctrine and Strategy
Evolution                               of Military Doctrine
- Military                               Strategy  Arms                               ControlArmed                           Forces 
Command                               and Control of the Armed Forces
Government                                   and Party Organization for Defense
- Party                                   Control of the Military  Ceausescu                                   and the MilitaryArmed                               Services
Ground                                   Forces
- Air                                   Force  Naval                                   ForcesBorder                                   Guards
- Military                               Personnel    - Military                                   Training  Officer                                   EducationReserves                                   and Mobilization
- Ranks,                                   Uniforms, and Insignia   The                               Military and the National Economy- Military                                   Budget  Arms                                   ProductionNaval                                   Construction
- Aviation                                   Industry  Military                                   LaborForeign                               Military Relations
The                                   Warsaw Pact
- Arms                                   Sales    Law                           and Order- Judicial                               System    - Courts  Military                                   CourtsPenal                                   Code
- Crime   Security                           and Intelligence Services- Ministry                               of Interior and Security Forces  DissidenceDepartment                               of External Information
Appendix. Tables
- Bibliography  Glossary
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