| The              Library of Congress>>Especially              for Researchers>>Research              Centers   Home >> Country             Studies >> IndiaFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress PagesA Country Study: India**Library of Congress Call Number DS407                   .I4465 1996**- India  ForewordAcknowledgments
- Preface  Table                       A. Selected Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Full Party NamesTable                       B. Chronology of Important Events
- Country                       Profile  - Visit  new  updated                        Profile  (PDF)    - Country  GeographySociety
- Economy  Transportation                           and TelecommunicationsGovernment                           and Politics
- National                           Security   Introduction- Chapter                       1 - Historical Setting  (John J. Paul)                          - Antecedents      - Harappan                               Culture  Vedic                               AryansKingdoms                           and Empires
The                               Mauryan Empire
- The                               Deccan and the South   The                           Classical Age- Gupta                               and Harsha  The                               Southern RivalsThe                           Delhi Sultanate
The                               Coming of Islam
- Southern                               Dynasties   The                           Mughal Era- The                               Mughals  The                               MarathasThe                               Sikhs
- The                               Coming of the Europeans   The                           British Empire in India- Company                               Rule, 1757-1857  The                               British Raj, 1858-1947- Sepoy                                   Rebellion, 1857-59  Post-Rebellion                                   DevelopmentsThe                           Independence Movement
Origins                               of the Congress and the Muslim League
- War,                               Reforms, and Agitation  Mahatma                               GandhiPolitical                               Impasse and Independence
- Independent                           India    - National                               Integration  Nehru's                               LegacyThe                               Rise of Indira Gandhi
- Rajiv                               Gandhi       - Chapter                       2 - Geographic and Demographic Setting  (Karl E. Ryavec)                            - Geography        - Principal                               Regions          - Indo-Gangetic                                   Plain  The                                   HimalayasThe                                   Peninsula
- Offshore                                   Islands  Coasts                                   and BordersRivers
- Climate  EarthquakesPopulation
Structure                               and Dynamics
- Population                               Projections  Population                               and Family Planning PolicyHealth
Health                               Conditions
Life                                   Expectancy and Mortality
- Communicable                                   and Noncommunicable Diseases  Acquired                                   Immune Deficiency SyndromeHealth                               Care
Role                                   of the Government
- Expenditures  Primary                                   ServicesEducation
Administration                               and Funding
- Primary                               and Secondary Education  Colleges                               and UniversitiesEducation                               and Society
Chapter                       3 - Religious Life
 (James Heitzman)                       
The                           Roots of Indian Religion
The                               Vedas and Polytheism
- Karma                               and Liberation   The                           Monastic Path- Jainism  BuddhismThe                               Tradition of the Enlightened Master
- The                           Worship of Personal Gods    - Vishnu  ShivaBrahma                               and the Hindu Trinity
- The                               Goddess  Local                               DeitiesThe                           Ceremonies of Hinduism
Domestic                               Worship
- Life-Cycle                               Rituals  Public                               Worship- Temples  PilgrimageFestivals
- Islam    - Origins                               and Tenets  Islamic                               Traditions in South AsiaSikhism
Early                               History and Tenets
- Twentieth-Century                               Developments   Other                           Minority Religions- Tribal                               Religions  ChristianityZoroastrianism
- Judaism   Modern                           Transformations- Chapter                       4 - Language, Ethnicity, and Regionalism  (Allen W. Thrasher)                          - Linguistic                           Relations      - Diversity,                               Use, and Policy  Languages                               of IndiaHindi                               and English
Hindi
- English   Linguistic                               StatesThe                               Social Context of Language
- Ethnic                           Minorities    - Tribes      - Composition                                   and Location  Economic                                   and Political ConditionsPractices
- Descendants                               of Foreign Groups    - Jews                                   and Parsis  PortugueseAnglo-Indians
- Africans    Regionalism- Telangana                               Movement  Jharkhand                               MovementUttarakhand
- Gorkhaland  LadakhThe                               Northeast
- Outlook       - Chapter                       5 - Social Systems  (Doranne Jacobson)                            - Themes                           in Indian Society        - Hierarchy  Purity                               and PollutionSocial                               Interdependence
- Family                           and Kinship    - Family                               Ideals  Variations                               in Family StructureLarge                               Kinship Groups
- Family                               Authority and Harmony  Veiling                               and the Seclusion of WomenLife                               Passages
Children                                   and Childhood
- Marriage  AdulthoodDeath                                   and Beyond
- Caste                           and Class    - Varna,                               Caste, and Other Divisions  Intercaste                               RelationsChanges                               in the Caste System
- Classes  The                               Fringes of SocietyThe                           Village Community
Settlement                               and Structure
- Village                               Unity and Divisiveness   Urban                           Life- The                               Growth of Cities  Urban                               InequitiesCities                               as Centers
- Future                           Trends      - Chapter                       6 - Character and Structure of the Economy  (John D.                       Rogers)                            - Structure                           of the Economy        - Independence                               to 1979  Growth                               since 1980Liberalization                               in the Early 1990s
- The                           Role of Government    - Early                               Policy Developments  Antipoverty                               ProgramsDevelopment                               Planning
- Finance    - Budget  Fiscal                               AdministrationMonetary                               Process
- Foreign                           Economic Relations    - Aid  TradeForeign-Exchange                               System
- External                               Debt   Labor- Size                               and Composition of the Work Force  Labor                               RelationsIndustry
Government                               Policies
- Manufacturing    - Textiles  Steel                                   and AluminumFertilizer                                   and Petrochemicals
- Electronics                                   and Motor Vehicles   ConstructionEnergy
Coal
- Oil                                   and Natural Gas  Electric                                   PowerNuclear                                   Power
- Mining                               and Quarrying   Transportation- Railroads  Rapid                               TransitThe                               Road System
- Motor                               Vehicles  Ports,                               Maritime Transportation, and Inland WaterwaysCivil                               Aviation
- Telecommunications    - National                               Policy  TelephoneRadio
- Television   Tourism                           (Robert L. Worden)                        Science                           and Technology
Origin                               and Development
- Infrastructure                               and Government Role  Resource                               AllocationMajor                               Research Organizations
Agriculture
- Biotechnology  DefenseEducation                                   Institutions
- Information                                   Science  IndustryNuclear                                   Power
- Space  Other                                   Leading InstitutionsProspects                               in Science and Technology
Chapter                       7 - Agriculture
 (Ashok Bhargava)                       
Land                           Use
Himalayas
- Indo-Gangetic                               Plain  Peninsular                               IndiaLand                           Tenure
Landholding                               Categories
- Land                               Reform   Economic                           Development- Evolution                               of Policy  Development                               Programs- Research,                                   Education, and Extension  Agricultural                                   ExtensionIrrigation
- Seeds  FertilizerPlant                                   Protection and Pesticides
- Technology                                   and Mechanization  Price                                   Policy and Terms of TradeProduction
Crop                               Output
Food-Grain                                   Production
- Oilseeds  Commercial                                   CropsThe                               Green Revolution
- Livestock                           and Poultry  ForestryFishing
- Agricultural                           Credit  Agricultural                           TaxationMarketing,                           Trade, and Aid
Marketing                               and Marketing Services
- External                               Trade  External                               AidImpact                           of Economic Reforms on Agriculture
Chapter                       8 - Government and Politics
 (John Echeverri-Gent)                       
The                           Constitutional Framework
Fundamental                               Rights
- Directive                               Principles of State Policy  Group                               RightsEmergency                               Provisions and Authoritarian Powers
- The                           Structure of Government    - The                               Legislature      - Lok                                   Sabha  Rajya                                   SabhaLegislative                                   Process
- The                               Executive  The                               Judiciary- Supreme                                   Court  High                                   CourtsLower                                   Courts
- Election                               Commission  State                               Governments and TerritoriesLocal                               Government
- The                               Civil Service   The                           Political Process- Elections  Political                               Parties- The                                   Congress  Opposition                                   PartiesThe                                   Rise and Decline of "Janata Politics"
- The                                   Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rise of Hindu                                   Nationalism  Communist                                   PartiesRegional                                   Parties
- Caste-Based                                   Parties   Political                               Issues- Punjab                                   and Jammu and Kashmir  Hindu-Muslim                                   TensionsCorruption                               and the Anti-Establishment Vote
- The                           Media    - The                               Press  Broadcast                               MediaThe                           Rise of Civil Society
Chapter                       9 - Foreign Relations
 (Roxane D.V. Sismanidis)                       
Foreign                           Policy Formulation
Role                               of the Prime Minister
- Ministry                               of External Affairs  Other                               Government OrganizationsThe                               Role of Political and Interest Groups
- Determinants                           of Foreign Relations    - Historical                               Legacy  Security                               PerceptionsNonalignment
- Overview                           of Foreign Relations    - South                               Asia      - Pakistan  BangladeshSri                                   Lanka
- Nepal  BhutanMaldives
- China  Southeast                               AsiaMiddle                               East
- Central                               Asia  RussiaUnited                               States
- Britain,                               Australia, Canada, Western Europe, and Japan   Participation                           in International Organizations- United                               Nations  Commonwealth                               of NationsNonaligned                               Movement
- South                               Asian Association for Regional Cooperation       - Chapter                       10 - National Security  (Sumit Ganguly)                            - Colonial-Era                           Developments        - Company                               Armies  The                               Indian Military under the British Raj- Post-Sepoy                                   Rebellion Reorganization  "Martial                                   Races" TheoryAdministrative                                   Reform and World War I
- World                                   War II    Postindependence                           Developments- The                               National Forces  The                               Experience of Wars- Pakistan  ChinaPeacekeeping                               Operations
Sri                                   Lanka
- Maldives  United                                   Nations Peacekeeping ForcesNational                           Security Structure
Civil-Military                               Relations
- Defense                               Spending   Organization                           and Equipment of the Armed Forces- The                               Army  The                               NavyThe                               Air Force
- Recruitment                               and Training  Conditions                               of ServiceUniforms,                               Ranks, and Insignia
- Paramilitary                               and Reserve Forces    - Paramilitary                                   Forces  Reserve                                   ForcesSpace                               and Nuclear Programs
- Intelligence                               Services  Military                               JusticePublic                           Order and Internal Security
Military                               Role Expansion
- Civil                               Liberties, Human Rights, and the Armed Forces  Insurgent                               Movements and External Subversion- Kashmir  PunjabAssam                                   and the Northeast
- Law                           Enforcement    - National-Level                               Agencies  State                               and Other Police ServicesThe                           Criminal Justice System
Criminal                               Law and Procedure
- The                               Penal System   National                           Security Challenges- Appendix. Tables    BibliographyGlossary

Search                                 by Continent

Search                                 Database
**Choose                                     a Country Study**AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaArmeniaAustriaAzerbaijanBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelizeBhutanBoliviaBrazilBulgariaCambodiaChadChileChinaColombiaCaribbean IslandsComorosCyprusCzechoslovakia                                         (Former)Dominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEstoniaEthiopiaFinlandGeorgiaGermanyGermany (East)GhanaGuyanaHaitiHondurasHungaryIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsraelIvory Coast                                         (Cote d'IvoireJapanJordanKazakhstanKuwaitKyrgyzstanLatviaLaosLebanonLibyaLithuaniaMacauMadagascarMaldivesMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMoldovaMongoliaNepalNicaraguaNigeriaNorth KoreaOmanPakistanPanamaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaRussiaSaudi ArabiaSeychellesSingaporeSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSoviet Union                                         (Former)SpainSri LankaSudanSyriaTajikistanThailandTurkmenistanTurkeyUgandaUnited Arab                                         EmiratesUruguayUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamYugoslavia                                         (Former)Zaire (Former)**Search                                           India**                                            Include word variants .                                            Use only words as entered. Top              of Page   Home >> Country             Studies >> IndiaFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesFederal Research Division                      PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress Pages  The                    Library of Congress>>Especially                    for Researchers>>Research                    Centers                   November 8, 2005Contact                    Us   |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|