fact

fact book

book

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE

FACT BOOK

FISCAL YEAR

2003

fact book

fact book

fact book

fact bookfact book

fact book

book

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE

fact book

fact book

fact book

fact bookfact book

FACT BOOK

FISCAL YEAR

2003

F EBRUA RY 2004

FO R ADMINISTR ATIVE US E

NATIONAL I NSTITUTES

O F HEALTH

NATIONAL HEART, L UNG ,

AND BLOOD I NSTITUTE

fact book

fact book
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Contents

iii

Figures ..............................................................................................................................................v

Tables ..............................................................................................................................................vii

1. Directory of Personnel .................................................................................................................1

2. Program Overview.......................................................................................................................9

3. Important Events........................................................................................................................25

4. Disease Statistics........................................................................................................................35

5. Institute-Initiated Programs Starting in FY 2003.......................................................................55

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees.......................................................................................59

7. Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Overview...........................................................................................65

8. Long-Term Trends.....................................................................................................................69

9. Research Grants .........................................................................................................................77

10. Research and Development Contracts .....................................................................................105

11. Clinical Trials...........................................................................................................................111

12. Minority Activities...................................................................................................................131

13. Research Training and Career Development Programs...........................................................147

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2003 ..........................................................155

Appendixes

Types of Research Activity......................................................................................................179

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms.......................................................................................183

Index ........................................................................................................................................187

Contents

NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Figures

v

Figures

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2001.........................................................................................................................37

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2001......................................................................37

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 2001...................................................................................................38

Deaths From Lung Diseases, U.S., 2001...................................................................................................................38

Deaths From Blood Diseases, U.S., 2001 .................................................................................................................38

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2001.........................................................................................39

Death Rates for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2001 ....................................................................................39

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2001..........................................................................................40

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2001 .......................................................................40

Deaths From Congestive Heart Failure, U.S., 1968–2001........................................................................................41

Death Rates for Heart Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2000 ..................................................42

Death Rates for Stroke by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2000 ..............................................................42

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2001 .....................................................................................43

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead 

From Hospitals, U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2001..........................................................................................................43

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Men Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2000 ...................44

Death Rates for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2000..............44

Change in Death Rates for Selected Causes by Race and Gender, U.S., 1991–2001...............................................45

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2001....................................................................................45

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2001 ................................................................................................46

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2001 ..................................................46

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men Ages 35+ Years, 

Selected Countries, 1980–2000 ..............................................................................................................................47

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Ages 35+ Years, 

Selected Countries, 1980–2000 ..............................................................................................................................47

Death Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 

U.S., 1985–2000 .....................................................................................................................................................48

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1989–2001.................................................................................48

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults by Age, U.S., 1988–94 ...............................................................49

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2001.....................................................50

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults, U.S., 1961–2000 ....................................................50

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Age 18+, U.S., 1971–72 to 1999–2000 .......................51

Adult Population With Hypertension by Age, Gender, and Race, U.S., 1999–2000................................................51

Hospitalization Rates for Congestive Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65+ Years, U.S., 1971–2001.............52

Prevalence of Asthma by Age, U.S., 1981, 1991, and 2001.....................................................................................52

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2004 ............................................................................................................................53

Economic Costs: Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2004 ..............................................................53
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Figures

vi

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Overview

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category........................................................................................................ 65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program............................................................................................................ 65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Division............................................................................................................ 65

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Current Dollars....................................................................................................................................................... 70

Constant 1993 Dollars............................................................................................................................................ 70

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003.......................................................... 72

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ........................................ 73

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1993–2003......................................................................................................................................... 73

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Dollars .................................................................................................................................................................... 75

Percent of Extramural Funds.................................................................................................................................. 76

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category............................................................................................................. 77

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1993–2003......................................................................................................................................... 78

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded........................................................................................................... 79

Number Reviewed and Awarded ........................................................................................................................... 80

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate) ................................................................................... 80

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ........................ 81

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ........................................................... 83

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003........................................... 105

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ............................... 147

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1993–2003........................................................................... 147

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements Program 

Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ................................................................................................................. 153

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2003

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2003 ........................................................................... 155
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Tables

vii

Tables

Chapter 2. Program Overview

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Blood Resources Programs ....................................10

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1981 and 2001 ...............................................................................................................................................37

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2001........................................................38

Death Rates for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1981 and 2001.........................................41

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2001 ..................................................46

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2001.....................................................49

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2004......................................................53

Chapter 7. Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Overview

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003..............................................................................65

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2003..............................................................................66

NHLBI Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003 ........................................................................................66

NHLBI Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003 ........................................................................................66

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003 ........................................................................................67

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003 ........................................................................................67

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Program

Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003..........................................................................................67

Women’s Health Initiative 

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003 ........................................................................................68

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2003.........................................................................................69

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Current Dollars .......................................................................................................................................................71

Constant 1993 Dollars ............................................................................................................................................71

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ..........................................................72

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1993–2003.......................................................................................................72

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Dollars ....................................................................................................................................................................74

Percent of Total Extramural Budget.......................................................................................................................74

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Dollars ....................................................................................................................................................................75

Percent of Total Extramural Budget.......................................................................................................................76
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Tables

viii

Chapter 9. Research Grants

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003 ..................................................................... 77

NHLBI Research Project Grant, Research Centers Grant, and Other Research 

Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ......................................................................................................... 78

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded........................................................................................................... 79

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded .......................................................................................... 80

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ........................ 81

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1993–2003.......................... 82

Facility and Administrative (F&A) Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ............. 82

NHLBI Research Project Grants: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1993–2003 .......................................................... 83

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs.......................................................................................... 84

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) and Specialized Centers of Clinical Research (P50) Programs.................. 99

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ................................. 105

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 .............................. 106

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ............................................................... 111

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2003: Summary by Program...................................... 114

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Contracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 115

Cooperative Agreements...................................................................................................................................... 117

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2003: Summary by Program

Contracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 119

Cooperative Agreements...................................................................................................................................... 119

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2003........................ 148

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1993–2003................................................................. 149

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1993–2003.................................................................... 150

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1993–2003............................................................................... 151

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ............................................................ 152

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research 

Supplements Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003............................................................................ 153

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ............................................ 154

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 ........................ 154

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards: Fiscal Year 2003

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2003......................................................... 156
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

1

Office of the Director Bldg. Room Phone MSC†‡

Acting Director, Barbara M. Alving, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A52 496–5166 2486

Acting Deputy Director, Lawrence Friedman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A47 496–1078 2490

Assistant to the Director, Sheila Pohl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A52 496–6471 2486

Special Assistant to the Director (NHLBI AIDS Coordinator),

Elaine Sloand, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A35 496–3245 2490

Assistant Director for Ethics and Clinical Research,

Lawrence Friedman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–9899 2490

Associate Director for Administrative Management, 

Donald P. Christoferson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A46 496–2411 2490

Associate Director for Scientific Program Operation, 

Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Associate Director for Prevention, Education, and Control,

Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Associate Director for International Programs, 

Ruth J. Hegyeli, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A29 496–5375 2490

Office of Special Concerns Director, 

Mishyelle I. Croom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A22 496–1763 2490

Office of Minority Health Affairs Director,

Helena Mishoe, Ph.D., M.P.H.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2§ 6216 451–5081 7913

Office of Administrative Management 

Director/Executive Officer, Donald P. Christoferson . . . . . . . . . 31 5A46 496–2411 2490

Administrative Officer, Valery D. Gheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Management Policy and Administrative Services Branch

Acting Chief, Barry Rubinstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Freedom of Information/Privacy Act

Coordinator, Suzanne Freeman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–9737 2490

Financial Management Branch

Chief, Sandra Gault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A46 496–4653 2490

Extramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Loretta L. Barnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7130 435–6373 7921

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Carrol Hanson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N220 402–3646 1670

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Director, Carl E. Hunt, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1** 6022 435–0199 7993

Administrative Officer, Stacey Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Women’s Health Initiative

Director, Barbara M. Alving, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A52 496–5166 2486

Administrative Officer, Charlotte M. Wiltshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Office of Prevention, Education, and Control

Director, Gregory J. Morosco, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

1. Directory of Personnel*

* Current as of October 15, 2003. For locating personnel not listed, the general information number is 301–496–4000. All listed phone numbers are in 

area code 301. The Personnel Directory, which is periodically updated throughout the year, is located on the NHLBI Home Page under About NHLBI.

† MSC—Mail Stop Code.

‡ Full mailing address formats are located at the end of this chapter.

§ RKL2—Rockledge II Building.

** RKL1—Rockledge I Building.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

2

Program Operations Coordinator, Nancy J. Poole, M.B.A. . . . . . 31 4A10 496–5437 2480

Administrative Officer, Valery Gheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Health Communications and Information Science

Senior Manager, Terry C. Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

Public Health Program Development

Senior Manager, Robinson Fulwood, Ph.D., M.S.P.H. . . . . 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

NHLBI Nutrition Coordinator, Darla E. Danford, D.Sc., M.P.H. 31 4A10 496–0554 2480

National High Blood Pressure Education Program

Coordinator, Edward J. Roccella, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Cholesterol Education Program

Coordinator, James I. Cleeman, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Asthma Education and Prevention Program

Coordinator, Diana K. Schmidt, M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Heart Attack Alert Program

Coordinator, Mary McDonald Hand, M.S.P.H., R.N. . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

National Obesity Education Initiative

Coordinator, Karen Donato, M.S., R.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–1051 2480

NHLBI Women’s Heart Health Education Initiative

Coordinator, Ann Taubenheim, Ph.D., M.S.N.. . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A10 496–4236 2480

Office of Science and Technology

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Deputy Director, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Administrative Officer, Rebecca E. Tener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A33 496–5931 2490

Office of International Programs

Director, Ruth Hegyeli, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4A29 496–5375 2490

Program Studies and Reports Program

Director, Carl A. Roth, Ph.D., LL.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A03 496–6331 2482

Science and Special Issues Program

Director, Barbara Liu, S.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A06 496–9899 2482

Office of Public Liaison

Coordinator, Jonelle Drugan, Ph.D., M.P.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5A07 496–9899 2482

Information Resources and Technology Program

Director, John J. Filigenzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8093 435–0119 7932

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6367 7921

Office of Technology Transfer and Development

Director, Lili M. Portilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL1 6018 402–5579 2490

Administrative Officer, Stacey A. Long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

Director, Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9160 435–0466 7940

Acting Deputy Director, David J. Gordon, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9152 435–0466 7940

Special Assistant for Clinical Studies, David J. Gordon, M.D. . . . . RKL2 9152 435–0466 7940

Senior Scientific Advisor, Alice M. Mascette, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9154 435–0477 7940

Research Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, Beth Schucker, M.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9140 435–0535 7940

Administrative Officer, Lisa A. Freeny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

Director, John Watson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9166 435–0555 7940

Office of the Director (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

3

Cardiovascular Medicine Scientific Research Group

Leader, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9178 435–0515 7940

Bioengineering and Genomic Applications 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Susan Old, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9144 435–0513 7940

Heart Research Program

Director, John L. Fakunding, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9170 435–0494 7940

Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac Death 

Scientific Research Group 

Acting Leader, John L. Fakunding, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9170 435–0494 7940

Heart Development, Function, and Failure 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Gail D. Pearson, M.D. Sc.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 9200 435–0510 7940

Vascular Biology Research Program

Director, Sonia Skarlatos, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10198 435–0545 7956

Atherosclerosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Momtaz Wassef, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10196 435–0558 7956

Hypertension Scientific Research Group

Leader, Paul A. Velletri, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10202 435–0560 7956

Division of Lung Diseases

Director, James P. Kiley, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10122 435–0233 7952

Deputy Director, Carol E. Vreim, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10120 435–0233 7952

Administrative Officer, Amy W. Sheetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Airway Biology and Disease Program

Director, Gail G. Weinmann, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10210 435–0202 7952

Senior Scientific Advisor, Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D. . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Asthma Scientific Research Group

Leader, Patricial Noel, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10222 435–0202 7952

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Environment 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Thomas Croxton, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10208 435–0202 7952

Cystic Fibrosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Susan P. Banks-Schlegel, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10220 435–0202 7952

Sleep and Neurobiology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Michael J. Twery, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10116 435–0202 7952

Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, J. Sri Ram, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10206 435–0202 7952

Lung Biology and Disease Program

Director, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10100 435–0222 7952

Senior Scientific Advisor, Andrea Harabin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10108 435–0222 7952

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Tuberculosis

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Hannah H. Peavy, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10110 435–0222 7952

Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care Scientific Research Group

Leader, Andrea Harabin, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10108 435–0222 7952

Developmental Biology and Pediatrics 

Scientific Research Group

Leader, Mary Anne Berberich, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10102 435–0222 7952

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

4

Immunology/Fibrosis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Herbert Reynolds, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10112 435–0222 7952

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology Scientific Research Group

Acting Leader, Dorothy B. Gail, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10100 435–0222 7952

Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group

Leader, Sandra Hatch, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10104 435–0222 7952

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

Director, Charles Peterson, M.D., M.B.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10160 435–0080 7950

Deputy Director, Liana Harvath, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10170 435–0080 7950

Senior Program Analyst, Susan Pucie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10166 435–0079 7950

Special Assistant, Henry Chang, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10158 435–0080 7950

Administrative Officer, Kathryn Lightbody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7158 435–6373 7921

Blood Diseases Program

Director, Herman E. Branson, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10162 435–0050 7950

Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics Scientific Research Group

Leader, Greg Evans, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10152 435–0055 7950

Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scientific Research Group

Leader, Pankaj Ganguly, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10176 435–0070 7950

Research Training, Ellen Werner, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10156 435–0061 7950

Blood Resources Program

Director, Jean Henslee-Downey, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10138 435–0065 7950

Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapies 

Scientific Research Group 

Leader, George J. Nemo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10142 435–0075 7950

Research Training, Traci Mondoro, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10035 435–0075 7950

Small Business Research, Phyllis Mitchell, M.S.. . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 10163 435–0075 7950

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications

Director, Peter Savage, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8100 435–0422 7938

Deputy Director, Diane Bild, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8104 435–0422 7938

Senior Advisor, Jeffrey Cutler, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8102 435–0433 7938

Administrative Officer, Charlotte Wiltshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7026 435–6373 7921

Office of Biostatistics Research

Director, Nancy L. Geller, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8210 435–0434 7938

Clinical Applications and Prevention Program

Acting Director, Denise Simons-Morton, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . RKL2 8138 435–0377 7936

Prevention Scientific Research Group

Acting Leader, Eva Obarzanek, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8136 435–0377 7936

Clinical Trials Scientific Research Group

Leader, Michael Domanski, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8146 435–0399 7936

Behavioral Medicine Scientific Research Group

Leader, Peter G. Kaufmann, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8118 435–0404 7936

Epidemiology and Biometry Program

Director, Teri Manolio, M.D., M.H.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8160 435–0707 7934

Analytical Resources Scientific Research Group

Leader, Paul D. Sorlie, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8176 435–0707 7934

Genetic Epidemiology Scientific Research Group

Leader, Richard Fabsitz, M.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8178 435–0444 7934

Division of Lung Diseases (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

5

Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology 

Scientific Research Group

Acting Leader, (Vacant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 8150 435–0707 7934

Framingham Epidemiology Research Unit

Leader, Daniel Levy, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Suite 2

Framingham, MA 01702–5827

508–935–3458

Jackson Heart Study

Leader, Evelyn Walker, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jackson Medical Mall

350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive

Jackson, MS 39213

601–368–4654

Division of Extramural Affairs

Director, Deborah P. Beebe, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7100 435–0260 7922

Deputy Director, Robert Musson, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7216 435–0266 7924

Committee Management Officer, Kathryn M. Valeda . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7220 435–0255 7922

Administrative Officer, Veronica M. Vanwagner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7112 435–6373 7921

Review Branch 

Chief, Anne P. Clark, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7214 435–0270 7924

Referral Officer, Roy White, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7192 435–0287 7924

Heart/Lung Scientific Review Group

Leader, Robert B. Moore, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7178 435–0725 7924

Vascular/Blood Scientific Review Group

Leader, Jeffrey H. Hurst, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7208 435–0303 7924

Clinical Studies and Training Scientific Review Group

Leader, Valerie Prenger, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7194 435–0288 7924

Contracts Operations Branch

Chief, Robert Best . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6100 435–0330 7902

Deputy Chief, Douglas W. Frye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6224 435–0330 7902

Blood Diseases and Resources Contracts Section

Chief, Patricia E. Davis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6136 435–0355 7902

Heart, Lung, and Vascular Diseases Contracts Section

Chief, Pamela Lew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6106 435–0340 7902

Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Section

Chief, John C. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6126 435–0345 7902

Procurement Section

Chief, Debra C. Hawkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 6150 435–0366 7902

Grants Operations Branch

Chief, Suzanne A. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7160 435–0144 7926

Deputy Chief, Raymond Zimmerman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7174 435–0144 7926

Heart and Vascular Diseases Grants Management Section

Chief, David Reiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7172 435–0177 7926

Lung Diseases Grants Management Section

Chief, Robert A. Pike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7154 435–0171 7926

Blood Diseases and Resources Grants Management Section

Chief, Robert Vinson, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7156 435–0166 7926

Epidemiology and Clinical Application Grants Management Section

Chief, Holly Atherton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RKL2 7152 435–0177 7926

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

6

Office of the Director

Clinical Research Program

Director, Elizabeth G. Nabel, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C103 496–1518 1754

Clinical Director, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B15 496–9985 1650

Laboratory Research Program

Director, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N214 496–2116 1061

Intramural Administrative Management Branch

Chief, Carroll Hanson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N220 401–3646 1670

Clinical Research Program

Bioinformatics Core 

Head, Eric Billings, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4A17 496–6520 1412

Flow Cytometry Core (FACS)

Head, Philip McCoy, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4A07 451–8824 1412

Office of Clinical Affairs

Chief, Maria Stagnitto, M.S.N., R.N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C104 496–2295 1755

Office of Education

Chief, Herbert Geller, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8C213 435–6719 1755

Cardiothoracic Branch

Chief, (Vacant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cardiovascular Branch

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B14 402–4081 1650

Clinical Cardiology Section

Chief, Richard O. Cannon III, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B15 496–9985 1650

Experimental Atherosclerosis Section

Chief, Howard S. Kruth, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N113 496–4826 1422

Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Toren Finkel, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7B14 402–4081 1650

Vascular Biology Section

Chief, Elizabeth Nabel, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4523 435–7824 8016

Hematology Branch

Chief, Neal Young, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7C103 496–5093 1652

Laboratory of Animal Medicine and Surgery

Chief, Robert Hoyt, D.V.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14E 106B 496–9673 5570

Molecular Disease Branch

Chief, H. Bryan Brewer, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N115 496–5095 1666

Molecular Biology Section

Chief, Silvia Santamarina-Fojo, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . 10 7N108 496–6050 1666

Peptide Chemistry Section

Chief, H. Bryan Brewer, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N115 496–5095 1666

Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Branch

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Deputy Chief, Martha Vaughan, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–4554 1434

Biochemical Physiology Section

Chief, Vincent Manganiello, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–1770 1434

Clinical Studies Section

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Metabolic Regulation Section

Chief, Martha Vaughan, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5N307 496–4554 1434

Division of Intramural Research Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

7

Molecular Mechanisms Section

Chief, Joel Moss, M.D., Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6D03 496–1597 1590

Pulmonary and Cardiac Assist Devices Section

Chief, Theodor Kolobow, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5D07 496–2057 1590

Laboratory Research Program

Interference RNA Core

Head, Yongsok Kim, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N228 496–3672 1762

Light Microscopy Core

Head, Christian Combs, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N309 496–3236 1412

Pathology Core

Head, Zu-Xi Yu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2N240 435–4011 1650

Proteomics Core

Head, Rong Fong Shen, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6C208 594–1060 1597

Transgenics Core

Head, Chengyu Liu, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3305 435–5034 8018

Biochemistry and Biophysics Center

Chief, Boon Chock, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2125 496–2073 8012

Laboratory of Biochemistry

Chief, Boon Chock, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2125 496–2073 8012

Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry

Chief, James Ferretti, Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3517 496–3341 8013

Laboratory of Cell Signaling

Chief, Sue Goo Rhee, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3523 594–7225 8015

Cell Biology and Physiology Center

Chief, Edward D. Korn, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2523 496–1616 8017

Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism

Chief, Mark A. Knepper, M.D., Ph.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6N260 496–3187 1603

Laboratory of Cell Biology

Chief, Edward D. Korn, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2523 496–1616 8017

Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics

Chief, Robert S. Balaban, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 B1D416 496–3658 1061

Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology

Chief, Robert S. Adelstein, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8N202 496–1865 1762

Genetics and Development Biology Center

Chief, Cecilia Lo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4537 451–8041 8019

Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics

Chief, Marshall Nirenberg, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N315 496–5208 4036

Laboratory of Developmental Biology

Chief, Cecilia Lo, Ph.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4537 451–8041 8019

Immunology Center

Chief, Warren Leonard, M.D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

Laboratory of Molecular Immunology

Chief, Warren Leonard, M.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7N252 496–0098 1674

Division of Intramural Research (continued) Bldg. Room Phone MSC
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 1. Directory of Personnel

8

NIH Mailing Address Formats

NHLBI staff e-mail addresses can be found by using the NIH Directory and E-mail Forwarding Service located on 

the Internet at http://directory.nih.gov.

Please use the following formats for NIH mailing addresses:

Building 10 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 10, Room ____

10 Center Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 14E Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 14E, Room ____

14 Service Road South MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 31 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 31, Room ____

31 Center Drive MSC*____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Building 50 Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Building 50, Room ____

50 South Drive MSC*

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Rockledge II

Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

Two Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

Rockledge I

Building Full Name

NHLBI, NIH

One Rockledge Center, Room ____

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC* ____

Bethesda, MD 20892–MSC†

* Retain the letters MSC before adding the mail stop code number.

† Replace the letters MSC with the mail stop code number.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

9

In 1948, the National Heart Institute was established through the National Heart Act with a mission 

to support research and training in the prevention, 

diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases 

(CVD). Twenty-four years later, through section 413 

of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood 

Act (P.L. 92–423), Congress mandated the Institute 

to expand and coordinate its activities in an accelerated attack against heart, blood vessel, lung, and 

blood diseases. The renamed National Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Institute (NHLBI) expanded its scientific 

areas of interest and intensified its efforts related to 

research on diseases within its purview. Over the 

years, these areas of interest have grown to encompass genetic research, sleep disorders, and the 

Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).

The mission of the NHLBI is to provide leadership 

for a national program in diseases of the heart, blood 

vessels, lung, and blood; sleep disorders; and blood 

resources management. The Institute:

• Plans, conducts, fosters, and supports an 

integrated and coordinated program of basic 

research, clinical investigations and trials, 

observational studies, and demonstration and 

education projects related to the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, 

blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and 

sleep disorders conducted in its own laboratories and by other scientific institutions and 

individuals supported by research grants and 

contracts.

• Plans and directs research in development and 

evaluation of interventions and devices related 

to the prevention of diseases and the treatment 

and rehabilitation of patients suffering from 

such diseases and disorders.

• Conducts research on the clinical use of blood 

and all aspects of the management of blood 

resources.

• Supports career training and development of 

new and established researchers in fundamental sciences and clinical disciplines to enable 

them to conduct basic and clinical research 

related to heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood 

diseases; sleep disorders; and blood resources 

through individual and institutional research 

training awards and career development 

awards.

• Coordinates relevant activities with other 

research institutes and all Federal health 

programs in the above areas, including the 

causes of stroke.

• Conducts educational activities, including 

development and dissemination of materials 

for health professionals and the public in the 

above areas, with emphasis on prevention.

• Maintains continuing relationships with 

institutions and professional associations, and 

with international, national, state, and local 

officials, as well as voluntary agencies and 

organizations working in the above areas.

• Oversees management of the WHI.

Each year, the NHLBI assesses progress in the scientific areas for which it is responsible and updates 

its goals and objectives. As new opportunities are 

identified, the Institute expands and revises its areas 

of interest. Throughout the process, the approach 

used by the Institute is an orderly sequence of 

research activities that includes:

• Acquisition of knowledge

• Evaluation of knowledge

• Application of knowledge

• Dissemination of knowledge.

The programs of the NHLBI, as shown on page 10, 

are implemented through five extramural units: the 

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases (DHVD), 

the Division of Lung Diseases (DLD), the Division 

of Blood Diseases and Resources (DBDR), the Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications 

(DECA), and the National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research (NCSDR); and one intramural unit, the 

Division of Intramural Research (DIR). Although 

the NHLBI has primary responsibility for the WHI, it 

2. Program Overview
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

10

is run by a consortium that includes the National Cancer 

Institute (NCI), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), 

and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The Divisions and the 

Center pursue their own scientific missions but cooperate in areas of common interest. The extramural Divisions and the NCSDR use a variety of funding 

mechanisms, such as research grants, cooperative agreements, program project grants, Small Business Innovation Research grants, Small Business Technology 

Transfer grants, Specialized Centers of Research 

(SCOR) and Specialized Centers of Clinically Oriented 

Research (SCCOR) grants, comprehensive center grants, 

contracts, and research training and career development 

programs. Descriptions of the Division and Center programs, as well as the WHI, follow.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Heart Research

Heart Development

Cardiac Function and Heart Failure

Ischemic Heart Disease

Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac 

Death

Vascular Biology Research

Atherosclerosis

Hypertension

Biology and Pathophysiology of 

Blood Vessels

Gene Therapy for Prevention and 

Treatment of Vascular Diseases

Clinical and Molecular Medicine

Cardiovascular Medicine

Bioengineering/Systems

Genomic and Proteomic 

Applications

Imaging/Nanotechnology

Bioinformatics

Lung Diseases 

Airway Biology and Disease 

Asthma 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 

Disease (COPD) and 

Environmental Lung Diseases

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) 

Neurobiology and Sleep

Lung Biology and Disease 

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology

Developmental Biology and 

Pediatric Lung Disease 

Critical Care and Acute Lung Injury

Acquired Immunodeficiency 

Syndrome (AIDS) and 

Tuberculosis (TB)

Immunology and Fibrosis 

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood Diseases

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Thalassemia

Erythropoiesis

Red Cells

Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Hemophilia and Other Bleeding 

Disorders

Hematologic Immune Disorders

Blood Resources 

Transfusion Medicine

Use, Safety, Availability of Blood 

and Blood Components

Stem Cell Biology

Myelodysplasia, Marrow Failure, 

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Hematopoietic Stem Cell 

Transplantation

Novel Cellular Therapies for Repair 

and Regeneration

Immune Deficiencies, 

Reconstitution, Response, and 

Tolerance

Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

Clinical Applications and 

Prevention 

Prevention 

Clinical Trials 

Behavioral Medicine 

Epidemiology and Biometry 

Field Studies and Clinical 

Epidemiology 

Analytical Resources 

Genetic Epidemiology

National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research

Sleep 

Sleep Disorders and Related 

Conditions

Women’s Health Initiative

Intramural Research

Clinical Research Program

Cardiovascular

Hematology 

Molecular Disease 

Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine

Animal Medicine and Surgery 

Laboratory Research Program

Biochemical Genetics

Biochemistry

Biophysical Chemistry

Cardiac Energetics

Cell Biology

Cell Signaling

Developmental Biology

Kidney and Electrolyte Metabolism

Molecular Cardiology

Molecular Immunology

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Blood Resources Program
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

11

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

The DHVD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes of heart and vascular diseases and 

on their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Fundamental biomedical research is emphasized. Multidisciplinary programs are supported to advance basic 

knowledge of disease and to generate the most effective 

methods of clinical management and prevention. Clinical trials are an important part of the research program; 

they provide an opportunity to test and apply promising 

preventive or therapeutic measures.

The Division is organized into three major research 

programs:

• Heart Research Program

• Vascular Research Program

• Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

and the Research Training and Special Programs Scientific Research Group (SRG).

Heart Research Program

The Heart Research Program supports basic and clinical research in cardiac diseases, from embryonic life 

through adulthood. Targeted areas include heart development, cardiac disorders, inflammation and infectious 

disorders of the heart, heart transplantation, and myocardial preservation. Individual studies focus on normal 

and abnormal cardiac development, diabetic cardiomyopathy, gene-nutrient interactions in the pathogenesis of 

congenital heart defects, pathogenesis of heart failure, 

electrical remodeling, and various aspects of HIV infection as it relates to the heart. SCORs support collaborative studies in ischemic heart disease, sudden cardiac 

death, heart failure, pediatric cardiovascular disease, and 

ischemic heart disease in blacks. The Program comprises the two SRGs described below.

Heart Development, Function, and Failure SRG

The Heart Development, Function, and Failure SRG 

oversees a research program in heart development, cardiac function, and heart failure. It includes basic studies 

examining normal functional and structural development 

of the heart and major blood vessels, as well as the 

genetic, molecular, environmental, and mechanical etiology of congenital cardiovascular malformations. Clinical research networks are used to evaluate new treatment 

methods and management strategies for congenital malformations and acquired pediatric heart disease. 

Research on cardiac function and failure focuses on 

fundamental mechanisms associated with the structure, 

function, mechanics, and bioenergetics of normal and 

diseased myocardium; the role of contractile proteins in 

the cardiovascular system; and causes of cardiac hypertrophy and the subsequent transition from hypertrophy to 

heart failure. Individual projects include molecular, cellular, and physiological studies of diabetic cardiomyopathy; pathogenesis of heart failure, with emphasis on 

apoptosis (programmed cell death), myocyte division 

and growth, and cell transplantation; and studies to identify modifiers of gene defects leading to hypertrophic 

cardiomyopathy and heart failure.

Arrhythmias, Ischemia, and Sudden Cardiac Death 

SRG

The Ischemia, Arrhythmia, and Sudden Cardiac Death 

SRG oversees a research program on the etiology and 

pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and its consequences and control and treatment of cardiac electrical 

activity, rhythm, and rate, especially as they relate to 

sudden cardiac death. Researchers are seeking ways to 

improve the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial 

ischemia. Special attention is directed toward understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease 

in blacks, a population that is disproportionately affected 

by the disorder.

The SRG also oversees a research program on cardiac 

arrhythmias that focuses on elucidating the mechanisms 

involved in control of cardiac electrical activity; determining the contribution of cardiac membrane biophysics, 

membrane structure and organization, ion pumps and 

channels, and transport and gap junction proteins to electrogenesis; and understanding the long-term control of 

cardiovascular function as it relates to the onset or maintenance of arrhythmias. Investigators are seeking knowledge that will lead to the development of new 

approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 

arrhythmias.

Vascular Biology Research Program

The Vascular Biology Research Program supports 

research in atherosclerosis, hypertension, basic vascular 

biology, and gene therapy for prevention and treatment 

of vascular diseases. Other targeted areas focus on the 

etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of excess CVD in 

diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications of 

HIV/AIDS. SCORs support collaborative studies on 

molecular medicine and atherosclerosis, molecular 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

12

genetics of hypertension, and basic and clinical gene 

therapy. The Program comprises the two SRGs 

described below.

Atherosclerosis SRG

The Atherosclerosis SRG oversees a comprehensive 

research program on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis. Areas 

of emphasis include pathobiology and genetics of the 

vasculature; vascular growth and angiogenesis; interactions of the vascular wall with systemic and humoral factors promoting atherogenesis; and lesion progression, 

complication, and regression. Individual studies focus 

on characterization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, 

pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms, role of 

homocysteinemia in atherosclerosis, mechanisms of 

atherosclerosis in various vascular beds, and research on 

atherosclerotic lesion. Additional projects target pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus, vessel-wall 

calcification, the role of infectious agents in atherosclerosis, immunobiology of the vessel wall, obesityassociated CVD, exercise physiology, peripheral arterial 

disease, and effect of protease inhibitors on atherosclerosis development in HIV infection. Of special interest is 

understanding atherosclerosis risk among minorities.

Hypertension SRG

The Hypertension SRG directs a research program to 

identify and characterize genes and their corresponding 

phenotypes involved with hypertension; elucidate regulation mechanisms associated with blood pressure control; clarify functional control of the cerebrovasculature; 

and identify causative factors of essential hypertension 

and rare forms of high blood pressure. It also seeks to 

determine the mechanisms by which high blood pressure 

increases the risk of, or occurs concomitantly with other 

diseases, such as kidney failure, stroke, metabolic syndrome X, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, 

preeclampsia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Further, 

it fosters studies to develop preventive strategies and 

interventions for hypertension, understand the biological 

underpinnings of salt sensitivity and the basis of targetorgan damage in hypertension, and identify neurological 

mechanisms responsible for long-term control of blood 

pressure and functional neurological changes that result 

in essential hypertension. Attention is directed to eliminating health disparities among minorities and between 

men and women. 

Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program

The Clinical and Molecular Medicine Program supports clinical, basic, engineering, and quantitative 

research on CVD and health. Areas of interest include 

genetics, genomics, and proteomics; engineering theory 

and practice applied to cardiovascular biology and medicine; informatics and simulation; computational systems; 

and cohort, case-control, and randomized clinical trials. 

Individual projects focus on heart failure, revascularization, the implantable artificial heart, and understanding 

minority and women’s health. The program comprises 

the two SRGs described below.

Cardiovascular Medicine SRG

The Cardiovascular Medicine SRG directs a research 

program on CVD in adult and pediatric patients. It 

examines the role of lipid interventions, nutrition, and 

exercise in prevention of heart disease. Areas of emphasis include development of treatments or new applications of existing medical and surgical strategies for acute 

and chronic ischemic heart disease; dietary and medical 

management of dyslipidemia; quantitative measurement 

of atherosclerosis; diagnosis and management of 

arrhythmias; resuscitation; cardiomyopathies of different 

etiologies (e.g., ischemic, valvular, metabolic, HIVrelated, other infectious); congenital malformations; 

peripheral vascular disease; restenosis after revascularization procedures; cardiovascular applications of radiotherapy; and cardiovascular dysfunction in long-term 

pediatric cancer survivors.

Bioengineering and Genomic Applications SRG

The Bioengineering and Genomic Applications SRG 

directs an interdisciplinary research program that applies 

engineering theory and practice to increase knowledge at 

the genetic, molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level 

and examines materials, processes, and devices for the 

cardiovascular system. Individual projects focus on 

innovative ventricular assist systems, implantable total 

artificial hearts, genetically enhanced cardiovascular 

implants, nanotechnology, magnetic resonance angiography, physical stress and strain, micromechanics, selfassembly, mathematical models, simulation and systems, 

imaging, biomaterials, tissue engineering, and therapeutic devices.

Division of Lung Diseases

The DLD plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes and progression of lung diseases 
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13

and on their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Areas 

of interest include the biology and function of the respiratory system, fundamental mechanisms associated with 

specific pulmonary disorders, and development of new 

treatment strategies for patients. SCORs support collaborative studies on asthma, cystic fibrosis, the pathobiology of lung development, and the pathobiology of 

fibrotic lung disease; a SCCOR supports collaborative 

studies on acute lung injury. Demonstration and education projects to transfer basic research and clinical findings to health care professionals and patients, as well as 

training and career development programs for individuals interested in furthering their professional abilities in 

lung diseases research, are also important activities. 

The Division is organized into two major research programs:

• Airway Biology and Disease Program

• Lung Biology and Disease Program.

Airway Biology and Disease Program

The Airway Biology and Disease Program supports 

basic and clinical research, education, and training 

related to asthma, COPD, CF, control of breathing, bronchiolitis, respiratory neurobiology, sleep, and other adult 

airway diseases. It comprises the four research SRGs 

described below and a Training and Special Programs 

SRG, which manages training and career development in 

lung diseases research for individuals at all stages of 

their professional development.

Asthma SRG

The Asthma SRG oversees a broad research program 

in asthma. Basic research focuses on elucidating the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Studies 

include elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with development, exacerbation, and 

persistence of asthma and the impact of the environment 

on these mechanisms; identifying susceptibility genes 

that influence development, progression, outcome, and 

response to treatment in different racial groups; determining the differences between the pathophysiology of 

severe asthma and mild-to-moderate asthma; and investigating the role of the immune system, its function in 

early life, and its influence on asthma development. 

Clinical research focuses on improving asthma management and reducing health disparities in asthma that 

exist between whites and other ethnic groups, as well as 

economically disadvantaged populations. Two asthma 

networks have been established to assess new treatment 

strategies and ensure rapid dissemination of research 

findings to health care professionals. The Division has 

established cooperative partnerships between minorityserving institutions and research-intensive institutions to 

examine factors that contribute to health disparities and 

to develop strategies for their elimination. The purpose 

of the partnerships is to conduct collaborative research 

on asthma disparities and provide reciprocal training 

experiences to enhance research opportunities and capabilities and enrich the cultural sensitivity at both institutions. 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease/Environment 

SRG

The COPD/Environment SRG oversees research on 

the underlying causes of COPD and improving disease 

treatment and management. Studies include examining 

the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of COPD; 

searching for genes that may make some individuals 

more susceptible to the development of the disorder; 

identifying and characterizing biomarkers of COPD 

presence, severity, and exacerbation; evaluating treatment strategies (i.e., lung volume reduction surgery, 

long-term smoking cessation intervention, and retinoic 

acid therapy); and applying gene therapy to correct the 

defective gene or to introduce the functional gene for 

alpha-1 antitrypsin in deficient individuals with familial 

emphysema.

Cystic Fibrosis SRG

The CF SRG oversees research related to the origins 

and control of infections and inflammatory and immune 

responses in the lungs of CF patients, loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulation on development of 

CF, effects of other genes on its manifestation, and 

genetic and metabolic defects underlying pulmonary 

complications associated with CF. Developing new 

genetic, pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic (e.g., 

gene transfer) treatments is also an area of emphasis.

Sleep and Neurobiology SRG

The Sleep and Neurobiology SRG oversees sleep 

research on the neurobiology of breathing control during 

sleep and sleep apnea, health consequences of sleep disordered breathing, and treatments for sleep apnea.

Lung Biology and Disease Program

The Lung Biology and Disease Program supports 

research, education, and training programs in lung cell 

and vascular biology; lung growth and development and 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

14

pediatric lung disease; acute lung injury and critical care 

medicine; interstitial lung diseases, including pulmonary 

fibrosis; and AIDS and TB. It comprises the five 

research SRGs described below and a Training and Special Programs SRG that manages training and career 

development in lung diseases research for individuals at 

all stages of their professional development.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Tuberculosis 

SRG

The AIDS/TB SRG oversees research associated with 

the development of animal models for use in studying 

basic pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HIV-related 

lung disorders. Scientists seek to gain information that 

will lead to new treatment strategies. Additional areas of 

interest include cardiopulmonary complications of HIV 

infection in infants and children; pathobiology of TB and 

Pneumocystis carinii and basic cell biology of pulmonary manifestation of AIDS; lung-specific drug delivery 

systems for enhanced TB treatment; and behavioral 

interventions for control of TB. 

Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care SRG

The Acute Lung Injury/Critical Care SRG oversees 

research on the etiology and pathophysiology of acute 

lung injury and the molecular and cellular pathogenesis 

of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, it maintains an ARDS network to evaluate therapeutic strategies, such as pulmonary artery catheterization, central venous catheterization, fluid management, and anti-inflammatory agents, including corticosteroids, in patients with the disorder and those at risk.

Developmental Biology and Pediatrics SRG

The Developmental Biology and Pediatrics SRG oversees research on normal lung development and on factors 

that may contribute to its abnormal development, such as 

prenatal and postnatal infections and reactive inflammation. Additional areas of emphasis include identifying 

genes and molecules that regulate the formation of lung 

alveoli in order to design new treatments for lung diseases, creating a molecular profile of bronchopulmonary 

dysplasia to advance understanding of the condition and 

lead to effective clinical intervention, and evaluating the 

safety and efficacy of nitric oxide in preventing and 

treating chronic lung disease in newborn infants. 

Immunology/Fibrosis SRG

The Immunology/Fibrosis SRG oversees research on 

interstitial lung diseases, such as sarcoidosis, idiopathic 

pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), which are characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the lung alveolar 

walls and surrounding tissue. Specific projects focus on 

elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of 

lung inflammation and fibrosis; identifying potential targets and agents for IPF therapy; identifying genetic factors that influence sarcoidosis in blacks and genes that 

increase susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis; and translating basic research findings into clinical applications 

for LAM. 

Lung Cell and Vascular Biology SRG

The Lung Cell and Vascular Biology SRG oversees 

research on the molecular and cellular biology of epithelial and endothelial cells of the alveoli and the lung surfactant system. Additional areas of interest encompass 

studies on regulation of the pulmonary vasculature, 

including cell growth and signaling; cellular and molecular mechanisms of primary pulmonary hypertension; 

identification of genes related to lung function; and 

development of new methods to deliver drugs via lung 

epithelial cells. 

Division of Blood Diseases and Resources

The DBDR plans and directs a coordinated research 

program on the causes and prevention of blood diseases 

and disorders. Areas of interest encompass a broad 

spectrum of research from stem cell biology to medical 

management of blood diseases, with a focus on nonmalignant and premalignant processes. The Division 

also has a major responsibility to improve the adequacy 

and safety of the Nation’s blood supply. It has recently 

taken a leading role in developing cell-based therapies, 

combining the expertise of transfusion medicine and 

stem cell technology with the exploration of repair and 

regeneration of human tissues and biological systems.

The Division is organized into two major programs:

• Blood Diseases Program

• Blood Resources Program.

Blood Diseases Program

The Blood Diseases Program supports research and 

training in nonmalignant disorders of red blood cells and 

disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis. It comprises the 

two SRGs described below and a Research Training 

Group that manages training and career development in 

blood diseases research for individuals at all stages of 

their professional development.
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

15

Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics SRG

The Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics SRG oversees 

a comprehensive program focusing on reducing morbidity and mortality caused by disorders of the hematopoietic system and preventing their occurrence. Diseases 

include SCD, thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, and Diamond Blackfan anemia. 

Research in SCD and thalassemia ranges from elucidating their etiology and pathophysiology to improving 

disease treatment and management. Areas of emphasis 

include genetics, regulation of hemoglobin synthesis, 

iron chelation, development of drugs to increase fetal 

hemoglobin production, and gene therapy. Developing 

animal models for preclinical studies is another area of 

interest. Clinical studies in SCD are investigating stroke 

prevention and the long-term effects of hydroxyurea 

therapy. A Phase III clinical trial is determining whether 

hydroxyurea is effective in preventing chronic end organ 

damage in children with SCD. 

The SRG oversees a program of Comprehensive 

Sickle Cell Centers, which collectively form a SCD clinical research network—and which individually conduct 

basic and clinical research—and provide state-of-the-art 

patient care, educational activities for patients and health 

professionals, community outreach, and genetic counseling services.

A thalassemia clinical network is evaluating new 

treatment strategies and ensuring that research findings 

on optimal management of the disease are rapidly disseminated to practitioners and health care professionals.

Thrombosis and Hemostasis SRG

The Thrombosis and Hemostasis SRG oversees a 

comprehensive program of basic research, clinical studies, and technology development in hemostasis, thrombosis, and endothelial cell biology, with a focus on 

understanding the pathogenesis of both arterial and 

venous thrombosis in order to improve the diagnosis, 

prevention, and treatment of thrombosis in heart attack, 

stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. A major goal is 

to find additional platelet inhibitors, anticoagulants, and 

fibrinolytic agents that will improve specificity and 

reduce side effect when used in treatment of thrombotic 

and thromboembolic disorders. SCORs support collaborative studies on hemostatic and thrombotic disorders.

Finding an effective treatment for hemophilia is 

another priority. Bleeding disorders associated with 

defects in coagulation proteins or abnormal platelet function, such as the immune thrombocytopenias, are also 

being studied. Other emerging areas being supported are 

gene transfer, clinical proteomics, inflammation and 

thrombosis, coagulation activation, autoimmune disease, 

and thrombotic complications of obesity, diabetes, and 

cancer.

Blood Resources Program

Transfusion Medicine Cell Therapies SRG

The Blood Resources Program, through its Transfusion Medicine Cell Therapies SRG, plans and directs 

research and training in transfusion medicine, stem cell 

biology and disease, and clinical cellular medicine. 

Areas of interest in transfusion medicine include transmission of disease through transfusion, development of 

methods to detect and inactivate viruses in donated 

blood, improvement of blood donor screening procedures, and emerging diseases that may be transmitted by 

blood transfusions. Also supported are basic and clinical 

investigations related to transfusion immunobiology, 

focusing on graft versus host disease, graft versus leukemia effect, and dendritic cell therapies.

The SRG oversees research on hematopoiesis, stem 

cell biology and diseases, and potential cell-based therapies. Determining the factors that cause stem cells to 

start and stop dividing, move throughout the body, and 

lodge in a specific place, and understanding the fundamentals of stem cell biology that will lead to cell-based 

therapies are areas of major focus.

The Program also supports two clinical research networks to promote efficient comparison of innovative 

treatment strategies—one for patients undergoing blood 

or marrow transplantation and the other for patients with 

hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. SCORs 

support collaborative studies on hematopoietic stem cell 

biology and transfusion biology and medicine.

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

The DECA plans, directs, and evaluates research on 

the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood disease. It supports epidemiologic studies, clinical trials, demonstration and 

education research, disease prevention and health promotion research, and basic and applied research in 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

16

behavioral medicine. In addition, it provides training 

and career development in cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorder research for individuals at all stages of their professional training. 

The Division is organized into two major research programs

• Clinical Applications and Prevention Program

• Epidemiology and Biometry Program 

and an Office of Biostatistics Research.

Clinical Applications and Prevention Program 

The Clinical Applications and Prevention Program 

supports research in prevention of heart and vascular, 

pulmonary, and blood diseases through clinical trials, 

community interventions, and research on health 

promotion-disease prevention, health education, nutrition, and behavioral medicine. It comprises the three 

SRGs described below.

Prevention SRG

The Prevention SRG oversees research to evaluate the 

effectiveness of preventive interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Special population groups (e.g., 

minorities and children in social units, such as schools 

and workplaces) are frequently studied. Ongoing programs include studies of prevention and treatment of 

hypertension; hyperlipidemia, obesity, and other risk factors in children, adolescents, and adults; interventions to 

improve delivery of care using evidence-based guidelines; efficacy of various treatments to prevent major 

cardiovascular events in adults with diabetes; effects of 

exercise training on mortality in heart failure patients; 

and community-wide prevention programs. 

Clinical Trials SRG

The Clinical Trials SRG oversees a program that evaluates the effectiveness of various medical procedures 

and therapeutic agents in patients with coronary heart 

disease (CHD), hypertension, and heart failure. Examples include assessing the long-term safety and efficacy 

of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to 

prevent major CVD events in patients with documented 

normal ventricular function, testing the ability of 

selected antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs to 

prevent heart attack among individuals at high risk for 

hypertension and CHD, and comparing use of an 

implantable cardiac defibrillator to conventional pharmacologic therapy to improve survival among heart failure patients.

Behavioral Medicine SRG

The Behavioral Medicine SRG oversees research 

related to biopsychologic and sociocultural factors 

involved in heart, lung, blood diseases and sleep disorders and promotes collaborations between biomedical 

and behavioral scientists. Areas of emphasis include 

central nervous system regulation of the cardiovascular 

system; identification of psychosocial factors (e.g., 

social support, depression, hostility) affecting disease 

etiology, treatment, and rehabilitation; and effects of psychosocial and behavioral interventions on risk factors 

(e.g., smoking, adverse diet, physical inactivity), disease 

outcomes, and quality of life.

Epidemiology and Biometry Program

The Epidemiology and Biometry Program supports 

and conducts research of heart and vascular, lung, and 

blood diseases using field studies and clinical epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, and analytical resources. It 

comprises the three SRGs described below.

Analytical Resources SRG

The Analytical Resources SRG oversees programs 

that document the national and international scope of 

heart, lung, and blood diseases, their risk factors, and 

their trends over time. It provides methodological, statistical, and computer support to research needs within 

the Division and manages distribution of study data sets 

to outside researchers. In addition, the SRG provides 

project officer leadership to epidemiologic studies supported by the NHLBI, specifically the Framingham 

Heart Study, the National Longitudinal Mortality Study 

(NLMS), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Genetic Epidemiology SRG

The Genetic Epidemiology SRG oversees several 

long-term studies of twins, multiple generations, Native 

Americans, and blacks designed to estimate heritability 

and identify genes that contribute to the development of 

CVD risk factors and CVD. It also monitors long-term 

studies that examine candidate genes for CVD from 

unrelated individuals. Other targeted areas include 

identifying and characterizing genes related to CHD and 

atherosclerosis to determine how they interact with 

environmental factors in disease development; examining associations between CHD risk factors and development of atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, 

and stroke in adults and the elderly; and identifying 

genetic factors influencing coronary and aortic calcifica-
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

17

tion and individual variability in the inflammatory 

response.

Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology SRG

The Field Studies and Clinical Epidemiology SRG 

oversees research on development and progression of 

CVD risk factors in young adults; development and progression of atherosclerosis measured noninvasively in 

middle-aged or older adults; and development and progression of overt cardiovascular and pulmonary disease 

in older adults. It also oversees surveillance of CHD 

incidence and mortality in four U.S. communities. Areas 

of interest include associations of genetic and environmental influences, traditional and novel risk factors, and 

subclinical disease with incidence, morbidity, and mortality from CHD, stroke, heart failure, and peripheral 

vascular disease; and relationships of comorbidities such 

as insulin resistance, diabetes, and renal insufficiency 

with CVD and its risk factors. Research strategies apply 

family, longitudinal, demographic, and vital statistics to 

study their natural history, etiology, and epidemiology. 

Also important is building research capabilities in minority institutions and addressing the critical shortage of 

minority investigators in epidemiology and prevention. 

Office of Biostatistics Research 

The Office of Biostatistics Research is responsible for 

providing statistical expertise to the Institute on planning, designing, implementing, and analyzing NHLBIsponsored studies. When called upon, it develops new 

statistical solutions to problems for which techniques are 

not yet available. Designing efficient trials and monitoring data collection are important functions of the Office. 

Research includes new methods for permitting extension 

or early suspension of ongoing randomized clinical 

trials, methods for analyzing complex survival data, 

trials with multiple endpoints, and trials involving 

multiple treatments.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

The NCSDR plans, directs, and supports a program of 

basic, clinical, and applied research, health education, 

research training, and prevention-related research in 

sleep, chronobiology, and sleep disorders. It oversees 

developments in its program areas; assesses the national 

needs for research on causes, diagnosis, treatment, and 

prevention of sleep disorders and sleepiness; and coordinates sleep research activities across the Federal Government and with professional, voluntary, and private 

organizations. The Center promotes information-sharing 

and encourages their cooperation to plan and implement 

relevant interdisciplinary programs.

The NHLBI sleep research program seeks to understand the molecular, genetic, and physiological regulation of sleep and the relationship of sleep disorders to 

CVD. It also supports efforts to understand the relationships of sleep restriction and sleep-disordered breathing 

to the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, high blood 

pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and vascular 

inflammation. Ongoing NHLBI-funded research 

projects include elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea; determining the role of sleep apnea in CVD and cerebrovascular 

disease; examining sleep and sleep disorders in children; 

and identifying new animal models of sleep disorders.

In 2003, the NCSDR released the revised National 

Sleep Disorders Research Plan, which can be found on 

the NCSDR Web site. The Plan summarizes advances in 

knowledge since the first plan was released in 1996, 

identifies gaps in our knowledge base, and recommends 

research priorities. Recommendations include training 

of sleep research scientists, education of health care professionals, and community-based public education programs. 

Multidisciplinary research training programs in sleep 

biology and sleep disorders are being supported to 

ensure that highly trained scientists are available to 

address important gaps in the current biomedical and 

biological understanding of sleep, including those outlined in the 2003 National Sleep Disorders Research 

Plan. The Sleep Academic Award Program is designed 

to develop comprehensive curricula on sleep and sleep 

disorders for enhanced learning by medical students, residents, and practicing physicians, and other health care 

professionals. In collaboration with the American Academy for Sleep Medicine, the Sleep Academic Award 

Program developed a Web page that includes more than 

50 curricular resources for basic science and clinical 

educators in health sciences.

The NCSDR continues to work closely with the 

NHLBI Office of Prevention, Education, and Control 

(OPEC) on education pertaining to sleep problems and 

sleep disorders for physicians, other health care providers, and the general public. A video program, “Sleep 

Apnea: Is Your Patient at Risk,” was developed for clini-
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

18

cians and hospital staff as part of a continuing medical 

education series.

Reaching children and adolescents with messages 

about sleep and sleep disorders is a major priority. Educational activities for 2003 included disseminating a new 

high school supplemental curriculum on the biology of 

sleep, preparing a manuscript on the etiology, consequences, recognition, and treatment of sleepiness in adolescents by the NCSDR Working Group on Sleepiness in 

Adolescents/Young Adults, and making additional 

refinements in the Garfield-Star Sleeper Web site.

Women’s Health Initiative

The WHI, which was established by the NIH in 1991, 

was transferred to the NHLBI on October 1, 1997. Its 

mission is to address the most common causes of death, 

disability, and impaired quality of life in postmenopausal 

women. These include heart disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporosis.

The WHI is a 15-year project consisting of three major 

components: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial of 

promising but unproven approaches to prevention; an 

observational study to identify predictors of disease; and 

a study of community approaches to developing healthful behaviors. 

The clinical trial and the observational study enrolled 

more than 161,000 women aged 50 to 79, 18.5 percent of 

whom are minorities. Three clinical trials enrolled a 

total of 68,135 women for 8.5 years with the goals of 

assessing the preventive use of hormone therapy (HT), 

diet modification, and calcium and vitamin D supplements. The HT portion of the trial was designed to 

investigate risks and benefits of combined estrogen and 

progestin on CHD, breast cancer, and osteoporosis risk 

in women with a uterus, and estrogen alone in women 

without a uterus. The dietary modification portion was 

designed to examine the ability of a diet low in fat but 

high in fruits, vegetables, and grains to prevent breast 

and colorectal cancers and heart disease, and the calcium 

and vitamin D supplements portion was designed to 

determine the ability of the two nutrients to prevent fractures and reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. 

Women who were ineligible or unwilling to participate 

in the clinical trial were encouraged to enroll in a concurrent long-term observational study that involves no specific intervention, but is tracking their medical history 

and health habits for 8.5 years. The study is looking for 

predictors and biological markers—including genetic 

markers—for disease. 

A key component of the observation study is the introduction of new forms of HT—in particular those that are 

from natural sources and those that are designer estrogens. Investigators will compare the data from the clinical trial with the data from the observational study to 

determine the benefits and risks of various forms of 

estrogen. 

Forty clinical centers have recruited postmenopausal 

women for the clinical trial and the observational study. 

Ten of the centers recruited primarily minority populations: blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, Pacific 

Islanders, and American Indians. 

The community prevention study component focused 

on community-based strategies to enhance adoption of 

healthful behaviors, especially among women of different races, ethnic groups, and socioeconomic strata. Its 

goal was to develop carefully evaluated model programs 

that can be implemented in a wide range of communities 

throughout the United States. Areas of emphasis 

included reduction of CVD among black women; peer 

support among black women; environmental factors and 

physical activity in women; osteoporosis prevention, 

education, and outreach; diabetes care in minority 

women; methods to enhance physical activity in women; 

and women’s attitudes regarding surgical menopause and 

HT.

On July 9, 2002, after an average of 5.6 years of 

follow-up, the NHLBI announced an early end to the 

estrogen plus progestin trial of the WHI, which was 

scheduled to run until 2005, because the risks outweighed the benefits. Specifically, investigators

discovered increased risks of invasive breast cancer, 

heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots in study participants on the combined therapy compared to women 

taking placebo pills. They also found decreases in hip 

fractures and colon cancer in the treatment group 

compared to the control group. Although the actual 

increased risk of breast cancer or CVD for women on 

long-term estrogen plus progestin was small—less than 

one-tenth of 1 percent per year—applied to the entire 

population of women over several years, its potential 

public health impact could be significant. 

A separate study of estrogen alone among women who 

have had a hysterectomy is continuing, so the balance of 
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

19

risks and benefits for that treatment strategy is still 

unknown. 

In 2003, a memory substudy of the WHI found that 

older women taking combination HT had twice the rate 

of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, compared 

with women who did not take the medication. The study 

also found that the combined therapy did not protect 

against development of mild cognitive impairment, a 

form of cognitive decline less severe than dementia. 

In a separate analysis of all the participants in the trial 

of combination HT, researchers found that, although HT 

did relieve hot flashes and night sweats that participants 

experienced upon entry to the study, it did not have a 

clinically meaningful effect on health-related quality of 

life. Specifically, the findings showed individuals on 

combination HT:

• Had a 5-year elevated risk of CHD, with the 

highest risk in the first year of treatment; none of 

the subgroups experienced a reduction in CHD 

risk.

• Had an increased risk of breast cancer and a delay 

in its diagnosis. An increase in breast density in 

treated patients hindered interpretation of their 

mammograms.

• Had an increased risk of ischemic stroke, which 

was present in all subgroups. The excess risk for 

stroke appeared in the second year after randomization and persisted thereafter.

Division of Intramural Research

The NHLBI DIR conducts clinical research on normal 

and pathophysiologic functioning of the heart, lung, 

blood, and vascular systems, and basic research on normal and abnormal cellular behavior at the molecular 

level. In FY 2003, the Laboratory Research Program 

was modified to consolidate some of the research effort. 

Four Centers—the Genetics and Development Biology 

Center, the Cell Biology and Physiology Center, the Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, and the Immunology 

Center—were established, and all Sections were abolished. The new organizational structure of the Program 

can be found under Division of Intramural Research in 

Chapter 1, Directory of Personnel.

Research foci of the DIR range from structural organic 

chemistry to cardiology. Major areas of interest include 

mechanisms of gene regulation, gene transfer, and gene 

therapy; molecular basis of lipoprotein dysfunctions and 

atherogenic process; molecular basis of vascular diseases; molecular basis of diseases of alveolar structures 

of the lung and design of new therapeutic modalities; 

cellular and molecular events underlying ischemic heart 

disease and myocardial hypertrophy; biochemical events 

associated with aging and certain pathologic processes; 

molecular, structural, and developmental aspects of muscle and nonmuscle contractile systems; biochemistry and 

physiology of calcium channels; molecular and cellular 

processes for conversion of metabolic energy into useful 

work; molecular basis of transmembrane signaling and 

signal transduction pathways; pathophysiology of renal 

function at cellular and molecular levels; biochemistry of 

trace nutrients; enzyme kinetics, metabolic regulation, 

and protein chemistry; and cellular and molecular basis 

of toxicity induced by drugs and other foreign compounds.

Office of Prevention, Education, and Control

The Institute’s OPEC coordinates the translation and 

dissemination of research findings and scientific consensus to health professionals, patients, and the public, so 

that information can be adapted for and integrated into 

health care practice and individual health behavior. To 

accomplish its mission, OPEC maintains health education programs and develops initiatives that address high 

blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, asthma, early 

warning signs of heart attack, obesity, sleep disorders, 

and women’s heart health. Two approaches are used: 

one focuses on individuals at high risk; the other focuses 

on the general public. Special attention is given to 

minority populations that are disproportionately affected 

by disorders within the Institute’s mandate. 

OPEC is also responsible for coordinating the Institute’s nutrition program. The NHLBI Nutrition Coordinator serves as a major source of nutrition policy and 

nutrition science knowledge and advises the NHLBI 

Director on nutrition program policies and priorities.

The four largest education programs have coordinating committees consisting of national medical, public 

health, and voluntary organizations and other Federal 

agencies. The committees help to plan, implement, and 

evaluate the Institute’s professional, patient, and public 

education programs.

The National High Blood Pressure Education Program 

(NHBPEP) was initiated in 1972 to reduce death and dis-
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Chapter 2. Program Overview

20

ability related to high blood pressure. It has employed a 

comprehensive strategy to mobilize, educate, and coordinate groups interested in hypertension prevention and 

control.

In 2003, the NHLBI released the Seventh Report of the 

Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure 

(JNC 7), which is available on the NHLBI Web site, 

along with teaching slides, patient information, and other 

supporting materials. The report outlines new clinical 

practice guidelines for the prevention, detection, and 

treatment of high blood pressure and features new blood 

pressure categories, including a prehypertension level 

that covers approximately 22 percent of American 

adults. The prehypertension level was introduced 

because researchers found that cardiovascular complication can begin below 139/89 mm Hg—levels previously 

considered normal or borderline. 

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) 

was initiated in 1985 to educate health professionals and 

the public about high blood cholesterol as a risk factor 

for CHD and about the benefits of lowering cholesterol 

levels to reduce illness and deaths from CHD. Its goal is 

to reduce the prevalence of elevated blood cholesterol in 

the United States, and thereby contribute to reducing 

CHD morbidity and mortality. 

The NCEP has employed a comprehensive strategy to 

attract individuals and groups interested in lowering 

blood cholesterol levels. Along with its Coordinating 

Committee, it convenes expert panels to develop guidelines for health professionals and then distributes their 

recommendations to physicians, other health care professionals, and laboratories. The reports of the expert 

panels serve as a basis for a wide variety of NCEP educational activities and materials. 

The latest cholesterol treatment guidelines, “Adult 

Treatment Panel III (ATP III),” were published in Circulation in December 2002. They focus attention on the 

need to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 

in high-risk individuals—those with diabetes or multiple 

risk factors—to prevent the development of CHD. A 

new patient booklet on therapeutic lifestyle changes 

based on the ATP III recommendations is being prepared.

The ATP III goes beyond LDL lowering to highlight 

the metabolic syndrome as a significant contributor for 

CHD and identifies it as a secondary target of therapy, 

after the LDL goal is achieved. The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of lipid and nonlipid risk factors of metabolic origin, is a significant medical and public heath 

issue, affecting about a quarter of American adults. It is 

associated with insulin resistance, and its underlying 

causes are overweight/obesity and physical inactivity. 

Lifestyle change, especially weight control and physical 

activity, is the primary treatment. Additional guidance is 

being developed for professionals and the public to help 

them address the metabolic syndrome.

In 2003, the NCEP worked with the Food and Drug 

Administration (FDA) to ensure scientific soundness of 

the rationale for a new rule requiring food labels to display trans-fat content. It is also collaborating with the 

FDA to develop consumer education material on how to 

interpret food label information on saturated fat, trans 

fat, and cholesterol.

The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) was initiated in 1989 to raise awareness 

of asthma as a serious, chronic disease; to promote more 

effective management of asthma through professional, 

patient, and public education; and to provide up-to-date 

information on asthma care. The Program works with 

schools, health care professionals, and patients to 

improve asthma care, prevent disruptions of daily routine, limit hospitalizations, and reduce deaths caused by 

uncontrolled asthma. Special attention is directed to 

minority populations who are at increased risk.

The NAEPP employs a number of outreach strategies. 

Major emphasis is placed on developing, disseminating, 

and implementing national guidelines on the diagnosis 

and management of asthma. In 2003, the NAEPP convened a working group to review the scientific literature 

on managing asthma during pregnancy and determine 

whether the recommendations of the 1993 NAEPP report 

on asthma and pregnancy should be updated. The group 

is focusing on the safety and efficacy of pharmacologic 

treatment.

Other recent activities include partnering with the 

American Diabetes Association, the American School 

Health Association, the Epilepsy Foundation, the Food 

Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network, and the National 

School Boards Association to develop a guidance sheet 

on multiple chronic illnesses (e.g., asthma, allergies, diabetes, and epilepsy) for schools and families; working 

with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

21

(CDC) to produce an abbreviated version of the asthma 

guidelines directed to third-party payers, purchasers, and 

planners of health care; and continuing grassroots activities with asthma coalitions in high-risk communities to 

reduce the burden of asthma among minorities and the 

poor.

The National Heart Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) 

was initiated in June 1991 to reduce morbidity and mortality from MI, including out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 

through education of health providers (e.g., physicians, 

nurses, and emergency medical services personnel), 

patients, and the public about the importance of rapid 

identification and treatment of individuals with heart 

attack symptoms. In 1997, the Program’s scope was 

broadened to include early identification and treatment 

of individuals with unstable angina. 

Since its inception, the Program has taught health care 

providers in emergency departments and emergency 

medical services systems about the importance of reducing the interval between the onset of heart attack symptoms and treatment. Available treatments, if administered soon after heart attack symptoms start, can save 

lives and minimize heart muscle damage in heart attack 

survivors. 

In 2003, the NHAAP continued to promote the “Act in 

Time to Heart Attack Signs” campaign through national 

and local partnerships. The campaign, launched in 2001, 

involves a call to action that urges physicians to educate 

their patients about heart attack risk, warning signs, and 

survival. Educational materials for the public and health 

care providers are available from the NHLBI Web site.

The NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative (OEI) was 

launched in January 1991 to inform the public and health 

professionals about the health risks associated with overweight and obesity. Obesity is not only an independent 

risk factor for CVD, but also a contributor to high blood 

pressure and high blood cholesterol and is related to 

sleep apnea. 

The OEI employs a comprehensive strategy to mobilize, educate, and coordinate groups interested in preventing and treating overweight and obesity. One of the 

major OEI prevention activities is “Hearts N’ Parks,” a 

national community-based program located in 50 at-risk 

communities in 11 Magnet Center States. The program, 

conducted in collaboration with the National Recreation 

and Park Association (NRPA), is designed to reduce the 

growing trend of obesity and risk of CHD in the United 

States by encouraging Americans of all ages to seek a 

healthy weight, follow a heart-healthy eating plan, and 

engage in regular physical activity while taking part in 

local park and recreation department programs. 

The Hearts N’ Parks—Phase II Report of 2002 Magnet Center Performance Data, released in 2003, includes 

information on 68 programs from 36 Hearts N’ Parks 

sites and can be found on the NRPA Web site. The 

approximately 1,200 individuals who participated 

showed significant improvements in almost all indicators 

of heart-healthy eating knowledge, attitude, behavior, 

and physical activity.

OEI educational activities include working with the 

North American Association for the Study of Obesity 

and CineMed to develop and market two online professional modules on assessing and managing overweight 

and obesity in adults; completing the “Weight Education 

Kit” for physicians to assist them in establishing an 

effective weight management program; and developing a 

new Web-based interactive quiz, “Portion Distortion: 

Do you know how portion sizes have changed in 20 

years?” Professional and public education information 

can be found on the OEI’s “Aim for a Healthy Weight” 

Web page.

The NHLBI Nutrition Coordinator represents the 

Institute and serves as the contact person to other relevant components of the NIH, the Department of Health 

and Human Services (DHHS), and the Federal Government on nutrition research and policy. Major activities in 

2003 include participating in the development of the 

2005 revision of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 

reviewing the World Health Organization/Food and 

Agriculture Organization Expert Report on Diet, Physical Activity and Chronic Disease, and serving on the 

NIH Nutrition Coordinating Committee.

The Institute convened a 2-day Think Tank on 

Enhancing NHLBI Obesity Research and invited experts 

in the field to evaluate the current state of knowledge and 

recommend promising research priorities in obesity 

research. The Institute, along with representatives from 

the other 23 Institutes/Centers, is also participating on 

the NIH Task Force on Obesity, chaired by the Acting 

Director of NHLBI and the Director of NIDDK. Their 

role is to develop a trans-NIH research plan on obesity.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

22

The NHLBI Women’s Heart Health Education Initiative was begun in 2001 to expand, intensify, and coordinate research and educational programs related to CVD 

in women. In 2002, it launched the Heart Truth campaign directed at women, 40 to 60 years old, and health 

professionals to increase heart disease awareness, 

improve detection and treatment of risk factors by health 

professionals, and motivate national and community 

organizations to become involved in heart-health education for women. A creative element of the campaign was 

The Red Dress Project.

The Institute introduced the Red Dress as a positive 

image to convey heart disease awareness messages to 

women. The Project received considerable media attention, and DHHS Secretary Tommy Thompson declared 

the third Friday of February Women’s Heart Day, when 

he presented the Red Dress Project at DHHS headquarters.

As a key part of its response to the Healthy People 

2010 Objectives for the Nation, the NHLBI initiated a 

new funding mechanism to establish CVD educational 

outreach programs in high-risk communities. The program—Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization Centers 

(EDUCs)—is a partnership between the NHLBI and 

local communities to eliminate cardiovascular health disparities and increase quality and years of health in underserved populations. In 2001, the Institute awarded 

EDUCs to high-risk health service areas in Arkansas, 

North Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia to 

conduct educational projects targeting populations at 

greatest risk for heart disease and stroke. Multiple strategies to prevent and control CVD risk factors and to promote heart-healthy behavior have been designed 

specifically for different age groups, ranging from childhood to adulthood. Six additional EDUCs were awarded 

to areas in Maryland, Ohio (2), Colorado, Nebraska, and 

North Carolina in 2002. As a result, 12 EDUCs are now 

serving more than 30 communities in 10 States.

A major goal of the Institute is to eliminate health disparities and to increase the quality and years of healthy 

life of all Americans. Through partnerships with groups 

that have special ties and access to targeted populations, 

the NHLBI is extending its outreach and educational 

activities to underserved communities. As one of its 

activities focusing on blacks, the Institute is collaborating with the Baltimore City Cardiovascular Health Partnership to train public housing residents as community 

health workers to spread heart-health information 

throughout the public housing community. Before 

developing materials tailored to the needs of the community, the Institute held a workshop that included health, 

social, and community service representatives and public 

housing staff, resident leaders, and residents to glean 

strategies for heart-health education and promotion in 

public housing. It also conducted small group discussions with residents to understand their unique educational needs and product preferences. 

The Institute’s Salud para su Corazón (Health for Your 

Heart) Initiative, a community-based heart-health program for Latinos, is expanding across the United States 

to include communities along the Texas/Mexico border 

and along the southern border areas of California and 

New Mexico. Trained local lay health workers (promotores), applying the values and culture of the communities and mobilizing partners, teach people how to reduce 

their risk of developing CVD. As advocates for change, 

they have increased the number of Latinos in their communities who are engaging in heart-healthy behaviors. 

The NHLBI Indian Health Service Partnership to 

Strengthen the Heartbeat of American Indian (AI) and 

Alaskan Native (AN) Communities is a collaborative 

effort to educate three tribal communities (Ponca Tribe 

of Oklahoma, Bristol Bay Area in Western Alaska, and 

Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico) about cardiovascular 

health and to reduce their risk for CVD. In 2002, tribal 

heart-health teams received training on cardiovascular 

health, including physical activity, obesity, smoking prevention, nutrition, high blood cholesterol, and high blood 

pressure, and on theories of team building, evaluation, 

and community interaction and intervention. They also 

participated in a workshop to evaluate a culturally appropriate community training manual for AI/AN audiences 

that was recently drafted. Their comments were adopted 

into the final manual that will be used in a regional training session to expand the heart-health message to other 

AI/AN communities.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are a heterogeneous group with varying levels of CVD risk factors, 

acculturation, and socioeconomic status and with different native cultures, languages, immigration history, and 

community norms related to health and well being. The 

NHLBI, along with the Asian and Pacific Islander American Health Forum, conducted health assessments among 

Americans of Philippine, Vietnamese, and Cambodian 

heritage to obtain information on their knowledge of and 

attitudes toward CVD and its risk factors, disease pre-
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 2. Program Overview

23

vention, and health behavior and summarized them in 

two reports, one for those of Philippine background and 

one for those of Vietnamese background. The assessments are being used to guide the development of culturally and language appropriate educational materials.

International Activities

The Institute is a world leader in research and policy 

development in heart, lung, and blood diseases, sleep 

disorders, and blood resources. Through its international 

programs, the NHLBI contributes to and benefits from 

the rapidly developing global knowledge base in medicine, science, and technology related to its mission. 

The Institute’s international activities are conducted 

through multiple mechanisms, including government-togovernment and institute-to-institute agreements; joint 

research projects; joint symposia and workshops; and 

joint documents, publications, grants, contracts, and fellowships. In addition, the Institute is providing training 

in its laboratories to international research fellows from 

approximately 30 countries.

Australia, China, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, 

Poland, Russia, and Vietnam are among the countries 

that maintain a collaborative working relationship with 

the NHLBI. The partnerships extend the benefits of the 

Institute’s prevention and treatment programs to other 

countries.

At the regional level, the NHLBI is addressing the 

pandemic of CVD in North, Central, and South America 

and the Caribbean through support of the Pan American 

Hypertension Initiative (PAHI), a public/private partnership initiated by the NHLBI and the Pan American 

Health Organization (PAHO) in collaboration with seven 

international scientific organizations—the World Heart 

Federation, the Inter-American Heart Foundation, the 

Inter-American Society of Cardiology, the InterAmerican Society of Hypertension, the Pan American 

Network of CARMEN Programs, the Latin American 

Society of Nephrology and Hypertension, and the World 

Hypertension League. The initiative seeks to reduce 

morbidity and mortality from CVD by controlling hypertension, a major risk factor for the disease, in an estimated 40 million people who already have the condition 

and by preventing it in millions more at risk because of 

their unhealthy lifestyles. In 2003, the Institute and 

PAHO began a 5-year collaboration in CVD prevention 

and control based on PAHI and the Institute’s Salud para 

su Corazón Initiative. 

The NHLBI, in collaboration with the Giovanni 

Lorenzini Medical Science Foundation, the NIH Office 

of Research on Women’s Health, and the NIH, published 

an evidence-based report, International Position Paper 

on Women’s Health and Menopause: A Comprehensive 

Approach, that covers women’s health and disease, specifically, menopause and aging, CVD, cancer, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and the role of hormone 

replacement therapy. The document will be translated 

into 11 languages including Japanese and Russian.

In 2003, the Institute and the Canadian Institute of Circulatory and Respiratory Health, Canadian Institute of 

Health Research, agreed to issue joint initiatives in:

• Clinical Research Consortium To Improve 

Resuscitation Outcomes

• Cellular and Molecular Imaging of the 

Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Hematopoietic 

Systems

• Inflammation and Thrombosis.

All of these activities strengthen the Institute’s international partnerships and coalitions and extend the benefits of the Institute’s national prevention and treatment 

programs to other countries.

NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

25

June 16, 1948. President Harry S Truman signs 

the National Heart Act, creating the National Heart 

Institute (NHI) in the Public Health Service (PHS), 

with the National Advisory Heart Council as its 

advisory body.

July 7, 1948. Dr. Paul Dudley White is selected 

to be “Executive Director of the National Advisory 

Heart Council and Chief Medical Advisor to the 

National Heart Institute” under section 4b of the 

National Heart Act.

August 1, 1948. The NHI is established as one 

of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by Surgeon General Leonard A. Scheele. As legislated in 

the National Heart Act, the NHI assumes responsibility for heart research, training, and administration. 

Intramural research projects in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and gerontology conducted elsewhere 

in the NIH are transferred to the NHI. The Director 

of the NHI assumes all leadership for the total PHS 

heart program. Dr. Cassius J. Van Slyke is appointed 

as the first Director of the NHI.

August 29, 1948. Surgeon General Scheele 

announces the membership of the first National 

Advisory Heart Council. Varying terms of membership for the 16-member Council commence 

September 1.

September 8, 1948. The National Advisory 

Heart Council holds its first meeting.

January 1949. Cooperative Research Units are 

established at four institutions: the University of California, the University of Minnesota, Tulane University, and Massachusetts General Hospital. Pending 

completion of the NHI's own research organization 

and facilities, the Units are jointly financed by the 

NIH and the institutions.

July 1, 1949. The NHI Intramural Research Program is established and organized on three general 

research levels consisting of three laboratory sections, five laboratory-clinical sections, and four clinical sections. The Heart Disease Epidemiology 

Study at Framingham, Massachusetts, is transferred 

from the Bureau of State Services, PHS, to the NHI.

January 18–20, 1950. The NHI and the American Heart Association jointly sponsor the first 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases to 

summarize current knowledge and to make recommendations concerning further progress against heart 

and blood vessel diseases.

December 1, 1952. Dr. James Watt is appointed 

Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Van Slyke, who 

is appointed Associate Director of the NIH.

July 6, 1953. The Clinical Center admits its first 

patient for heart disease research.

July 1, 1957. The first members of the NHI 

Board of Scientific Counselors begin their terms. 

The Board was established in 1956 “to provide 

advice on matters of general policy, particularly from 

a long-range viewpoint, as they relate to the intramural research program.”

February 19, 1959. The American Heart 

Association and the NHI present a report to the 

Nation—A Decade of Progress Against Cardiovascular Disease.

April 21, 1961. The President’s Conference on 

Heart Disease and Cancer, whose participants on 

March 15 were requested by President John F. 

Kennedy to assist “in charting the Government’s further role in a national attack on these diseases,” convenes at the White House and submits its report.

September 11, 1961. Dr. Ralph E. Knutti is 

appointed Director of the NHI, succeeding Dr. Watt, 

who becomes head of international activities for the 

PHS.

December 30, 1963. February is designated as 

“American Heart Month” by a unanimous joint resolution of Congress with approval from President 

Lyndon B. Johnson.

November 22–24, 1964. The Second National 

Conference on Cardiovascular Diseases, cosponsored by the American Heart Association, the NHI, 

and the Heart Disease Control Program of the PHS, 

is held to evaluate progress since the 1950 Conference and to assess needs and goals for continued and 

accelerated growth against heart and blood vessel 

diseases.

December 9, 1964. The President’s Commission on Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke, 

appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on March 

7, 1964, submits its report to “recommend steps that 

can be taken to reduce the burden and incidence of 

these diseases.”

3. Important Events
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

26

August 1, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart assumes the 

Directorship of the NHI upon Dr. Knutti’s retirement.

September 24, 1965. Dr. William H. Stewart, NHI 

Director, is named Surgeon General of the PHS.

October 6, 1965. In FY 1966 Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 89–199) allocates funds to implement 

the recommendations of the President's Commission on 

Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke that are within existing legislative authorities. The NHI is given $5.05 million for new clinical training programs, additional 

graduate training grants, cardiovascular clinical research 

centers on cerebrovascular disease and thrombotic and 

hemorrhagic disorders, and planning grants for future 

specialized cardiovascular centers.

March 8, 1966. Dr. Robert P. Grant succeeds 

Dr. Stewart as Director of the NHI. Dr. Grant serves 

until his death on August 15, 1966.

November 6, 1966. Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson is 

appointed Director of the NHI.

March 15, 1968. Dr. Theodore Cooper succeeds 

Dr. Fredrickson as Director of the NHI, the latter electing 

to return to research activities with the Institute.

October 16, 1968. Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg is 

awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 

discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. 

Dr. Nirenberg, chief of the NHI Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, is the first Nobel Laureate at the NIH and 

the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.

October 26, 1968. The NHI receives the National 

Hemophilia Foundation’s Research and Scientific 

Achievement Award for its “medical leadership . . . , 

tremendous stimulation and support of research activities 

directly related to the study and treatment of hemophilia.”

November 14, 1968. The 20th anniversary of the 

NHI is commemorated at the White House under the 

auspices of President Johnson and other distinguished 

guests.

August 12, 1969. A major NHI reorganization plan 

creates five program branches along disease category 

lines in extramural programs (arteriosclerotic disease, 

cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension and 

kidney diseases, and thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases); a Therapeutic Evaluations Branch and an Epidemiology Branch under the Associate Director for 

Clinical Applications; and three offices in the Office of 

the Director (heart information, program planning, and 

administrative management).

November 10, 1969. The NHI is redesignated by the 

Secretary, Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), as the 

National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), reflecting a 

broadening scope of its functions.

February 18, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon's 

Health Message to Congress identifies sickle cell anemia 

as a high-priority disease and calls for increased Federal 

expenditures. The Assistant Secretary for Health and 

Scientific Affairs, HEW, is assigned lead-agency responsibility for coordination of the National Sickle Cell Disease Program at the NIH and NHLI.

June 1971. The Task Force on Arteriosclerosis, convened by Dr. Cooper, presents its report. Volume I 

addresses general aspects of the problem and presents the 

major conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical 

language. Volume II contains technical information on 

the state of knowledge and conclusions and recommendations in each of the following areas: atherogenesis, 

presymptomatic atherosclerosis, overt atherosclerosis, 

and rehabilitation.

May 16, 1972. The National Sickle Cell Anemia 

Control Act (P.L. 92–294) provides for a national 

diagnosis, control, treatment, and research program. The 

Act does not mention the NHLI but has special 

pertinence because the Institute has been designated to 

coordinate the National Sickle Cell Disease Program.

June 12, 1972. Elliot Richardson, Secretary, HEW, 

approves a nationwide program for high blood pressure 

information and education and appoints two committees 

to implement the program: the Hypertension Information 

and Education Advisory Committee, chaired by the 

Director, NIH, and the Interagency Working Group, 

chaired by the Director, NHLI. A High Blood Pressure 

Information Center is established within the NHLI 

Office of Information to collect and disseminate public 

and professional information about the disease.

July 1972. The NHLI launches its National High 

Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP), a program of patient and professional education that has as its 

goal to reduce death and disability related to high blood 

pressure.

July 14, 1972. Secretary Richardson approves reorganization of the NHLI, with the Institute elevated to 

Bureau status within the NIH and comprising seven division-level components: Office of the Director, Division 

of Heart and Vascular Diseases, Division of Lung Dis-
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

27

eases, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, Division of Intramural Research, Division of Technological 

Applications, and Division of Extramural Affairs. 

September 19, 1972. The National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 1972 (P.L. 92–423) expands 

the authority of the Institute to advance the national 

attack on the diseases within its mandate. The act calls 

for intensified and coordinated Institute activities to be 

planned by the Director and reviewed by the National 

Heart and Lung Advisory Council.

July 24, 1973. The first Five-Year Plan for the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program 

is transmitted to the President and to Congress.

December 17, 1973. The National Heart and Lung 

Advisory Council completes its First Annual Report on 

the National Program.

February 13, 1974. The Director of the NHLI forwards his First Annual Report on the National Program

to the President for transmittal to Congress.

April 5, 1974. The Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HEW, authorizes release of the Report to the President by 

the President's Advisory Panel on Heart Disease. The 

report of the 20-member panel, chaired by Dr. John S. 

Millis, includes a survey of the problem of heart and 

blood vessel disorders and panel recommendations to 

reduce illness and death from them.

August 2, 1974. The Secretary, HEW, approves regulations governing the establishment, support, and operation of National Research and Demonstration Centers for 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases, which 

implement section 415(b) of the PHS Act, as amended by 

the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Act of 

1972: (1) to carry out basic and clinical research on 

heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; (2) to provide demonstrations of advanced methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and (3) to supply a training source for scientists and physicians concerned with 

the diseases.

September 16, 1975. Dr. Robert I. Levy is appointed 

Director of the NHLI, succeeding Dr. Theodore Cooper, 

who was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Health, HEW, on April 19, 1974.

June 25, 1976. Legislation amending the Public 

Health Service Act (P.L. 94–278) changes the name of 

the NHLI to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and provides for an expansion in bloodrelated activities within the Institute and throughout the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Program.

August 1, 1977. The Biomedical Research Extension Act of 1977 (P.L. 95–83) reauthorizes the programs 

of the NHLBI, with continued emphasis on both the 

national program and related prevention and dissemination activities.

February 1978. The NHLBI and the American Heart 

Association jointly celebrate their 30th anniversaries.

September 1979. The Task Force on Hypertension, 

established in September 1975 to assess the state of 

hypertension research, completes its in-depth survey and 

recommendations for improved prevention, treatment, 

and control in 14 major areas. The recommendations are 

intended to guide the NHLBI in its future efforts.

November 1979. The results of the Hypertension 

Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), a major clinical trial started in 1971, provide evidence that tens of 

thousands of lives are being saved through treatment of 

mild hypertension and that perhaps thousands more could 

be saved annually if all people with mild hypertension 

were under treatment.

November 21, 1980. The Albert Lasker Special Public Health Award is presented to the NHLBI for its HDFP, 

“which stands alone among clinical studies in its profound potential benefit to millions of people.”

December 17, 1980. The Health Programs Extension 

Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–538) reauthorizes the NHLBI, with 

continued emphasis on both the national program and 

related prevention programs.

September 8, 1981. The Working Group on Arteriosclerosis, convened in 1978 to assess present understanding, highlight unresolved problems, and emphasize 

opportunities for future research in arteriosclerosis, completes its report. Volume I presents conclusions and recommendations in nontechnical language. Volume II 

provides an in-depth substantive basis for the conclusions 

and recommendations contained in Volume I.

October 2, 1981. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack 

Trial (BHAT) demonstrates benefits to those in the trial 

who received the drug propranolol compared with the 

control group.

July 6, 1982. Dr. Claude Lenfant is appointed Director of the NHLBI. He succeeds Dr. Robert I. Levy.

September 1982. The results of the Multiple Risk 

Factor Intervention Trial are released. They support mea-
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

28

sures to reduce cigarette smoking and to lower blood cholesterol to prevent CHD mortality but raise questions 

about optimal treatment of mild hypertension.

October 26, 1983. The Coronary Artery Surgery 

Study (CASS) results are released. They demonstrate 

that mildly symptomatic patients with coronary artery 

disease can safely defer coronary artery bypass surgery 

until symptoms worsen.

January 12, 1984. The results of the Lipid Research 

Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) 

are released. They establish conclusively that reducing 

total blood cholesterol reduces the risk of CHD in men at 

increased risk because of elevated cholesterol levels. 

Each 1 percent decrease in cholesterol can be expected to 

reduce heart attack risk by 2 percent.

April–September 1984. The Tenth Report of the 

Director, NHLBI, commemorates the 10th anniversary of 

the passage of the National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, 

and Blood Act. The five-volume publication reviews 10 

years of research progress and presents a 5-year 

research plan for the national program.

April 1984. The Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications is created. It provides the Institute with 

a single focus on clinical trials; prevention, demonstration, and education programs; behavioral medicine; nutrition; epidemiology; and biometry. It also provides new 

opportunities to examine the interrelationships of cardiovascular, respiratory, and blood diseases.

November 1984. In NHLBI-NIH Clinical Center 

interagency agreement for studies on the transmission of 

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from humans to 

chimpanzees leads to the first definitive evidence that the 

transmission is by blood transfusion.

April 1985. Results of Phase I of the Thrombolysis in 

Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial comparing streptokinase (SK) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 

(t-PA) are published. The new thrombolytic agent 

recombinant t-PA is approximately twice as effective as 

SK in opening thrombosed coronary arteries.

October 1985. The NHLBI Smoking Education Program (SEP) is initiated to increase health care provider 

awareness about clinical opportunities for smoking cessation programs, techniques for use within health care settings, and resources for use within communities to 

expand and reinforce such efforts.

November 1985. The NHLBI inaugurates the 

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) to 

increase awareness among health professionals and the 

public that elevated blood cholesterol is a cause of CHD 

and that reducing elevated blood cholesterol levels will 

contribute to the reduction of CHD.

June 1986. Results of the Prophylactic Penicillin 

Trial demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin 

therapy in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections in children with sickle 

cell disease.

September 18, 1986. The NHLBI sponsors events on 

the NIH campus in conjunction with the meeting of the X 

World Congress of Cardiology in Washington, DC. 

Activities include a special exhibit at the National 

Library of Medicine entitled “American Contributions to 

Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery” and two symposia—“New Dimensions in Cardiovascular Disease 

Research” and “Cardiovascular Nursing and Nursing 

Research.”

December 17, 1986. The citizens of Framingham, 

Massachusetts, are presented a tribute by the Assistant 

Secretary, HHS, for their participation in the Framingham 

Heart Study over the past 40 years.

September 1987. The NHLBI commemorates the 

centennial of the NIH and the 40th anniversary of the 

Institute’s inception. Two publications prepared for the 

Institute's anniversary, Forty Years of Achievement in 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Research and A Salute to the 

Past: A History of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute, document significant Institute contributions to 

research and summarize recollections about the Institute’s 40-year history.

October 1987. The National Blood Resource Education Program is established to ensure an adequate supply 

of safe blood and blood components to meet the Nation’s 

needs and to ensure that blood and blood components are 

transfused only when therapeutically appropriate.

April 1988. The NHLBI initiates its Minority 

Research Supplements program to provide supplemental 

funds to ongoing research grants for support of minority 

investigators added to research teams.

September 1988. AIDS research is added to the 

National Heart, Blood Vessel, Lung, and Blood Diseases 

and Blood Resources Program. It is the first area of 

research to be added since the Program was established in 

1973.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

29

September 1988. The NHLBI funds the first of its 

new Programs of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 

designed to foster the study of the organization, modification, and expression of the genome in areas of importance to the Institute and to encourage investigators to 

become skilled in the experimental strategies and techniques of modern molecular biology. 

September 1988. The Strong Heart Study is initiated. 

It focuses on CVD morbidity and mortality rates and distribution of CVD risk factors in three geographically 

diverse American Indian groups. 

October 1988. The National Marrow Donor Program 

is transferred from the Department of the Navy to the 

NHLBI. The Program, which serves as a focal point for 

bone marrow research, includes a national registry of volunteers who have offered to donate marrow for transplant 

to patients not having suitably matched relatives.

March 1989. The NHLBI initiates a National 

Asthma Education Program to raise awareness of asthma 

as a serious chronic disease and to promote more effective management of asthma through patient and professional education. 

May 1989. The NHLBI Minority Access to Research 

Careers (MARC) Summer Research Training Program is 

initiated to provide an opportunity for MARC Honors 

Scholars to work with researchers in the NHLBI intramural laboratories.

September 14, 1990. The first human gene therapy 

protocol in history is undertaken at the NIH. A team of 

scientists, led by W. French Anderson, NHLBI, and 

R. Michael Blaese, NCI, insert a normal gene into a 

patient's cells to compensate for a defective gene that left 

the patient's cells unable to produce an enzyme essential 

to the functioning of the body’s immune system.

January 1991. The NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative (OEI) begins. Its objective is to make a concerted 

effort to educate the public and health professionals about 

obesity as an independent risk factor for CVD and its 

relationship to other risk factors, such as high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.

February 1991. The expert panel of the National 

Asthma Education Program releases its report, Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, to educate physicians and other health care providers in asthma 

management.

April 8–10, 1991. The First National Conference on 

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Control is attended by 

more than 1,800 health professionals.

May 1991. The Task Force on Hypertension, established in November 1989 to assess the state of hypertension research and to develop a plan for future NHLBI 

funding, presents its conclusions. The report outlines a 

set of scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive 

plan for support over the next several years.

June 11, 1991. The NHLBI initiates a National Heart 

Attack Alert Program (NHAAP) to reduce premature 

morbidity and mortality from acute MI and sudden death. 

The Program emphasizes rapid disease identification and 

treatment.

July 1991. Results of the Systolic Hypertension in 

the Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrate that low-dose 

pharmacologic therapy of isolated systolic hypertension 

in those older than 60 years of age significantly reduces 

stroke and MI.

August 1991. Results of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) are released. They demonstrate that use of the ACE inhibitor enalapril causes a 

significant reduction in mortality and hospitalization for 

CHF in patients with symptomatic heart failure.

August 1991. The NHLBI sponsors the first national 

workshop, “Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health: 

Special Emphasis on Women and Youth,” to assess the 

current knowledge in the field and to develop scientific 

priorities and plans for support. Recommendations from 

the Working Groups are published in the supplemental 

issue of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.

March 1992. The International Consensus Report on 

Diagnosis and Management of Asthma is released. It is 

to be used by asthma specialists and medical opinion 

leaders to provide a framework for discussion of asthma 

management pertinent to their respective countries.

March 1992. Results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention Phase I are published. They demonstrate that both 

weight loss and reduction of dietary salt reduce blood pressure in adults with high-normal diastolic blood pressure and 

may reduce the incidence of primary hypertension.

June 26–27, 1992. The Fourth National Minority 

Forum on Cardiovascular Health, Pulmonary Disorders, 

and Blood Resources is attended by nearly 600 individuals.

October 11–13, 1992. The First National Conference 

on Asthma Management is attended by more than 900 

individuals.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

30

October 30, 1992. A celebration of the 20th anniversary of the NHBPEP is held in conjunction with the 

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee meeting. The Fifth 

Report of the Joint National Committee on the Detection, 

Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 

V) and the NHBPEP Working Group Report on the Primary Prevention of Hypertension are released.

June 10, 1993. The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(P.L. 103–43) establishes the National Center on Sleep 

Disorders Research within the NHLBI.

June 15, 1993. The Second Report of the Expert 

Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High 

Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP II) is released to the 

public at a press conference held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting.

January 30, 1995. Results of the Multicenter Study 

of Hydroxyurea are released through a clinical alert. 

They demonstrate that hydroxyurea reduced the number 

of painful episodes by 50 percent in severely affected 

adults with sickle cell disease. This is the first effective 

treatment for adult patients with this disorder.

September 1995. The NHLBI funds a new Program 

of Specialized Centers of Research in Hematopoietic 

Stem Cell Biology, which is designed to advance our 

knowledge of stem cell biology and enhance our ability 

to achieve successful stem cell therapy to cure genetic 

and acquired diseases.

September 21, 1995. Results of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation are released 

through a clinical alert. They demonstrate that patients 

on drug treatment for diabetes who had blockages in two 

or more coronary arteries and were treated with coronary 

artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery had, at 5 years, a 

death rate markedly lower than that of similar patients 

treated with angioplasty. The clinical alert recommends 

CABG over standard angioplasty for patients on drug 

therapy for diabetes who have multiple coronary blockages and are first-time candidates for either procedure.

November 5–6, 1995. The first Conference on 

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health 

and Disease is held to determine future opportunities and 

needs for research on SES factors and their relationships 

with cardiovascular health and disease.

December 4–5, 1995. A celebration of the 10th anniversary of the NCEP is held in conjunction with the 

NCEP Coordinating Committee meeting. Results of the 

1995 Cholesterol Awareness Surveys of physicians and 

the public are released.

May 1996. The NHLBI announces results from 

the Framingham Heart Study that conclude earlier and 

more aggressive treatment of hypertension is vital to preventing congestive heart failure. The Treatment of Mild 

Hypertension Study (TOMHS) demonstrates that lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, a healthy eating plan, 

and physical activity, are crucial for reducing blood lipids in those treated for Stage I hypertension.

September 1996. Findings from the Asthma Clinical 

Research Network (ACRN) show that for people with 

asthma, taking an inhaled beta-agonist at regularly 

scheduled times is safe but provides no greater benefit 

than taking the medication only when asthma symptoms 

occur. The recommendation to physicians who treat 

patients with mild asthma is to prescribe inhaled betaagonists only on an as-needed basis.

November 13, 1996. The NHLBI releases findings 

from two studies, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial and Trial of Nonpharmacologic 

Intervention in the Elderly (TONE). The DASH Trial 

demonstrates that a diet low in fat and high in vegetables, 

fruits, fiber, and low-fat dairy products significantly and 

quickly lowers blood pressure. The TONE shows that 

weight loss and reduction of dietary sodium safely 

reduce the need for antihypertensive medication in 

older patients while keeping their blood pressure under 

control.

January 1997. Definitive results from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth 

(PDAY) program are published. They show that atherosclerosis develops before age 20 and that the risk factors 

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and cigarette smoking affect the progression of atherosclerosis equally in women and men, 

regardless of race.

February 24, 1997. The National Asthma Education 

and Prevention Program releases the Expert Panel 

Report 2, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management 

of Asthma to the public at a press conference held in conjunction with a meeting of the American Academy of 

Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology in San Francisco.

May 8, 1997. Results of the Antiarrhythmic Versus 

Implantable Defibrillator (AVID) clinical trial are presented. They show that an implantable cardiac defibrillator reduces mortality compared to pharmacologic 

therapy in patients at high risk for sudden cardiac death.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

31

September 1997. The Stroke Prevention Trial in 

Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) is terminated early because 

prophylactic transfusion resulted in a 90 percent relative 

decrease in the stroke rate among children 2 to 16 years 

old.

September 1997. The Institute’s National Sickle Cell 

Disease Program celebrates its 25th anniversary.

October 1997. The NHLBI commemorates the 50th 

anniversary of the Institute's inception. A publication 

prepared for the Institute's anniversary, Vital Signs: Discoveries in diseases of the heart, lungs, and blood documents the remarkable research advances of the past 50 

years.

October 1, 1997. The Women’s Health Initiative, initiated in 1991, is transferred to the NHLBI.

November 6, 1997. The Sixth Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) is 

released at a press conference held in conjunction with 

the 25th anniversary meeting and celebration of the 

National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee.

December 1997. Findings from the Trial to Reduce 

Alloimmunization to Platelets (TRAP) demonstrate that 

leucocyte reduction by filtration or ultraviolet B irradiation of platelets—both methods are equally effective—

decreases development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies 

and alloimmune platelet refractoriness.

February 1998. The Task Force on Behavioral 

Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and 

Disease, established in November 1995 to develop a plan 

for future NHLBI bio-behavioral research in cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders, presents its recommendations. The report outlines a set of 

scientific priorities and develops a comprehensive plan 

for support over the next several years.

February 19–21, 1998. The NHLBI and cosponsors—California CVD Prevention Coalition; California 

Department of Health Services; CVD Outreach, 

Resources, and Epidemiology Program; and the University of California, San Francisco—hold Cardiovascular 

Health: Coming Together for the 21st Century, A 

National Conference, in San Francisco.

March 16, 1998. A special symposium is held at the 

annual meeting of the American Academy of Asthma, 

Allergy, and Immunology to celebrate 50 years of 

NHLBI-supported science.

June 17, 1998. The NHLBI, in cooperation with the 

NIDDK, releases Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Treatment, and Evaluation of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Evidence Report.

December 11, 1998. World Asthma Day is established on this date. The NAEPP launches the Asthma 

Management Model System, an innovative Web-based 

information management tool.

March 1999. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network Study of Ventilator Management in ARDS is stopped early so that critical care 

specialists can be alerted to the results. The study demonstrated that approximately 25 percent fewer deaths 

occurred among intensive care patients with ARDS 

receiving small, rather than large, breaths of air from a 

mechanical ventilator. 

March 22, 1999. The NAEPP holds its 10th anniversary meeting and celebration to recognize a decade of 

progress and a continued commitment to the future.

August 1999. Results of the Early Revascularization 

for Cardiogenic Shock are released. They show 

improved survival at 6 months in patients treated with 

balloon angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery compared with patients who receive intensive medical care to 

stabilize their condition. 

September 27–29, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors the 

National Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Meeting the Healthy People 2010 Objectives for 

Cardiovascular Health.

November 2, 1999. The NAEPP convenes a Workshop on Strengthening Asthma Coalitions: Thinking 

Globally, Acting Locally to gather information from coalition representatives on ways the NAEPP could support 

their efforts. 

November 2–3, 1999. The NHLBI sponsors a Workshop on Research Training and Career Development.

March 8, 2000. A part of the Antihypertensive and 

Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial 

(ALLHAT) is terminated early because one of the tested 

drugs, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was found to be less 

effective than the more traditional diuretic in reducing 

some forms of CVD.

March 29, 2000. The NHLBI launches the Webbased Healthy People 2010 Gateway to provide information and resources on cardiovascular health, asthma, 

sleep, and minority populations.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

32

April 25, 2000. The NHLBI sponsors a special expert 

meeting, Scientific Frontiers in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 

to discuss the future of cardiothoracic research. 

September 2000. NHLBI-supported investigators 

identify a gene for primary pulmonary hypertension.

January 2001. Results of the DASH-Sodium Trial 

are released. They show that dietary sodium reduction 

substantially lowers blood pressure in persons with high 

blood pressure; the greatest effect occurs when sodium 

reduction is combined with the DASH diet.

February 2001. The NHLBI launches a sleep education program for children, using star sleeper Garfield the 

Cat.

February 1, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the HHS 

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the 

Office of the Surgeon General, the CDC, the National 

Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the 

American Heart Association, signs a memorandum of 

understanding to focus and coordinate their efforts to 

meet the Healthy People 2010 objectives on cardiovascular health.

March 26–27, 2001. A strategy development workshop, “Women’s Heart Health: Developing a National 

Health Education Action Plan,” is held to develop an 

agenda for the NHLBI’s new heart health education effort 

directed at women.

April 2001. The NHLBI releases the international 

guidelines for diagnosis, management, and prevention of 

COPD.

April 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators identify 

genes that regulate human cholesterol levels.

May 2001. The NHLBI releases the NCEP’s new 

Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines for the 

detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults.

June 2001. NHLBI-supported investigators find that 

human heart muscle cells regenerate after a heart attack.

July 2001. A self-contained artificial heart is 

implanted in a patient for the first time.

August 2001. Early results from the National 

Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) identify characteristics of patients at high risk for death following lung volume reduction surgery. 

August 2001. Scientists from the NHLBI SCOR program at Yale University identify two genes responsible 

for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a rare Mendelian 

form of high blood pressure. These genes encode for 

protein kinases involved in a previously unknown pathway and may provide new targets for therapy.

September 10, 2001. The NHLBI, along with the 

American Heart Association and other partners, launches 

a national campaign, “Act in Time to Heart Attack 

Signs,” to increase awareness of the signs of heart attack 

and the need for a fast response.

October 2001. NHLBI-supported scientists report 

that the drug, infliximab, increases risk of TB reactivation and dissemination. The drug is used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease and is 

proposed as a treatment for several chronic lung diseases. 

November 2001. Results of the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of 

Chronic Heart Failure Trial demonstrate that using a 

wearable left ventricular assist device can prolong survival and improve quality of life in severely ill patients 

who are not candidates for heart transplantation.

December 2001. For the first time, scientists correct 

SCD in mice using gene therapy.

April 10, 2002. The WHL and the NHLBI hold an 

international symposium; subsequently they prepare an 

action plan at the WHL Council Conference to control 

hypertension and obesity.

April 11–13, 2002. The NHLBI and cosponsors—the 

DHHS Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the 

American Heart Association, the Centers for Medicare 

and Medicaid Services, and the Health Resources and 

Services Administration—hold a national conference, 

“Cardiovascular Health for All: Meeting the Challenge 

of Healthy People 2010.”

June 2002. The NAEPP issues an update of selected 

topics in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. 

June 2002. The fourth edition of The Management of 

Sickle Cell Disease, which describes the current approach 

to counseling SCD patients and managing many of the 

medical complications of SCD, is issued to coincide with 

the 30th anniversary of the NHLBI Sickle Cell Program.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 3. Important Events

33

July 9, 2002. The NHLBI stops early the trial of the 

estrogen plus progestin component of the WHI due to 

increased breast cancer risk and lack of overall benefits. 

The multicenter trial also found increases in CHD, 

stroke, and pulmonary embolism in participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo 

pills.

August 2002. NHLBI-supported scientists identify a 

gene variant that is associated with arrhythmia in African 

Americans.

December 4, 2002. Results of the Atrial Fibrillation 

Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management Trial 

(AFFIRM) indicate that rate control rather than rhythm 

control may be the preferred approach for patients with 

atrial fibrillation. The rate control strategy involves the 

use of less expensive drugs and results in fewer hospitalizations. 

December 17, 2002. Results from ALLHAT, the 

largest hypertension clinical trial ever conducted, show 

that less expensive traditional diuretics are at least as 

good as newer medicines (calcium channel blockers and 

ACE inhibitors) in treating high blood pressure and preventing some forms of heart disease.

January 23, 2003. An NHLBI-supported study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be 

used to detect heart attacks faster and more accurately 

than traditional methods in patients who arrive at the 

emergency room with chest pain. 

February 24, 2003. The Prevention of Recurrent 

Venous Thromboembolism Trial is stopped early 

because treatment with low-dose warfarin to prevent 

recurrence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary 

embolism was so beneficial.

April 2003. Results of the MSH Patients’ Follow-up 

Study show that adult patients who took hydroxyurea 

over a 9-year period experienced a 40 percent reduction 

in deaths. Survival was related to fetal hemoglobin levels and frequency of vaso-occlusive events.

April 23, 2003. Results of the PREMIER trial of 

behavioral lifestyle interventions for blood pressure 

control show that individuals with prehypertension or 

stage 1 hypertension can lower their blood pressure by 

making multiple lifestyle changes.

May 14, 2003. The Seventh Report of the Joint 

National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VII) 

is released.

May 22, 2003. The National Emphysema Treatment 

Trial (NETT) finds that lung volume reduction surgery 

(LVRS) benefits emphysema patients with certain clinical characteristics. The findings will be useful in the 

determination of Medicare coverage policy.

July 2003. The NHLBI and Gen-Probe Corporation 

succeed in developing a test to screen donated blood for 

the West Nile Virus.

NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

35

Cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases constitute a large morbidity, mortality, and economic 

burden on individuals, families, and the Nation. 

Common forms are atherosclerosis, hypertension, 

COPD, and blood-clotting disorders—embolisms 

and thromboses. The most serious atherosclerotic 

diseases are CHD, as manifested by heart attack and 

angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease, as 

manifested by stroke.

In 2001, cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

accounted for 1,161,000 deaths and 48 percent of all 

deaths in the United States (p. 37). The projected 

economic cost in 2004 for these diseases is expected 

to be $512 billion, 23 percent of the total economic 

costs of illness, injuries, and death (p. 53). Of all 

diseases, heart disease is the leading cause of death, 

cerebrovascular disease is third (behind cancer), and 

COPD (including asthma) ranks fourth (p. 40). Cardiovascular and lung diseases account for three of 

the four leading causes of death (p. 40) and four of 

the six leading causes of infant death (p. 46). 

Hypertension, heart disease, asthma, and chronic 

bronchitis are especially prevalent and account for 

substantial morbidity in Americans (p. 49). 

Increases in prevalence have been greatest for 

asthma and CHF.

The purpose of the biomedical research conducted 

by the NHLBI is to contribute to the prevention and 

treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. 

National disease statistics show that by mid-century, 

morbidity and mortality from these diseases had 

reached record high levels. Since then, however, substantial improvements have been achieved, especially 

over the past 30 years, as shown by the significant 

decline in mortality rates. Because many of these diseases begin early in life, their early detection and control can reduce the risk of disability and can delay 

death. Although important advances have been made 

in the treatment and control of cardiovascular, lung, 

and blood diseases, these diseases continue to be a 

major burden on the Nation.

Cardiovascular Diseases

• In 2001, CVD caused 931,000 deaths—

38 percent of all deaths (p. 37).

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death; the 

main form, CHD, caused 502,000 deaths in 

2001 (pp. 38, 40).

• The annual number of deaths from CVD 

increased substantially between 1900 and 1970 

and remains high (p. 39). 

• The death rate (not age-adjusted) for CVD 

increased from 1920 until it peaked in 1968. 

Since then, the trend has been downward. In 

2001, the rate was similar to the rate in 1930 

(p. 39).

• Cerebrovascular disease, the third leading 

cause of death, accounted for 164,000 deaths in 

2001 (pp. 38, 40).

• Heart disease is second only to all cancers 

combined in years of potential life lost (p. 40).

• Among minority groups, heart disease ranks 

first, and stroke ranks fifth or higher as the 

leading causes of death (p. 40).

• The rapid increase in deaths due to CHF 

between 1968 and 2001 is a major exception to 

the mortality decline in CVD (p. 41).

• Between 1985 and 2000, death rates for heart 

disease and stroke declined for men and women 

in all racial/ethnic groups (p. 42).

• Because of the rapid decline in mortality from 

CHD since the peak in 1968, there were 

861,000 fewer deaths from CHD in 2001 than 

would have occurred if there had been no 

decline (p. 43). 

• Substantial improvements have been made in 

the treatment of CVD. Since 1975, casefatality rates from hospitalized AMI, stroke, 

cardiac dysrhythmia, and CHF patients 

declined appreciably (p. 43).

• The decline in CHD mortality began earlier in 

the United States than in most countries and 

outpaced that in most countries (only selected 

countries are shown) (p. 44).

4. Disease Statistics
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

36

• Between 1991 and 2001, the percent decline in 

death rates for CHD was greatest among white 

males and least among black females (p. 45).

• In 2001, an estimated 64.4 million persons in the 

United States had some form of CVD; 50 million had 

hypertension, and 13 million had CHD (p. 49).

• Since the 1960s, there has been a substantial 

reduction in the prevalence of CVD risk factors: 

hypertension, smoking, and high cholesterol, but not 

overweight (p. 50).

• A 1988–94 national survey showed that many more 

people with hypertension (systolic BP > 160 mmHg 

or diastolic BP > 95 mmHg or on antihypertensive 

medication) were aware of their condition and had it 

treated and controlled compared with individuals 

with hypertenson in previous years (p. 51).

• A 1999–2000 national survey showed only 31 percent 

of hypertensive patients (systolic BP > 140 mmHg or 

diastolic BP > 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive 

medication) had their condition under control (p. 51).

• Hospitalization rates for CHF increased between 

1971 and 2001 (p. 52).

• The estimated economic cost of CVD for 2004 is 

approximately $369 billion:

– $227 billion in direct health expenditures

– $34 billion in indirect cost of morbidity

– $108 billion in indirect cost of mortality (p. 53).

Lung Diseases

• Lung diseases, excluding lung cancer, caused an 

estimated 234,000 deaths in 2001 (p. 37).

• COPD caused 119,000 deaths in 2001 and is the 

fourth leading cause of death (pp. 38, 40).

• Between 1991 and 2001, death rates for COPD 

increased substantially in women and decreased 

slightly in men; mortality for asthma increased in 

black women but decreased in white women and in 

men (p. 45).

• Between 1980 and 2001, infant death rates for 

various lung diseases declined markedly (p. 45).

• Of the six leading causes of infant mortality, four are 

lung diseases or have a lung disease component 

(p. 46). Between 1991 and 2001, changes in 

mortality for the causes were:

– Congenital anomalies (-27 percent)

– Disorders of short gestation (+9 percent)

– Sudden infant death syndrome 

(-57 percent)

– Respiratory distress syndrome

(-60 percent).

• Lung diseases accounted for 22 percent of all deaths 

under 1 year of age in 2001 (p. 46).

• The COPD death rate for women in the United 

States is increasing significantly compared with the 

rates in several other countries (p. 47).

• Between 1985 and 2000, death rates for COPD 

increased for women in all racial/ethnic groups. 

Among men, they increased in blacks and American 

Indians, but declined in whites and Hispanics 

(p. 48).

• Sleep disorders are increasingly being recognized as 

an important health problem. The number of 

physician office visits for sleep apnea, insomnia, 

restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and other major 

sleep disorders increased from 710,000 in 1989 to 

5,288,000 in 2001 (p. 48).

• Asthma is a common chronic condition, particularly 

in children (pp. 49, 50, 52). 

• The economic cost of lung diseases is expected to be 

$132 billion in 2004—$76 billion in direct health 

expenditures and $56 billion in indirect cost of 

morbidity and mortality (p. 53).

Blood Diseases

• An estimated 256,000 deaths, 10 percent of all 

deaths, were attributed to blood diseases in 2001 

(p. 37). These include the following:

– 246,000 due to blood-clotting disorders

– 10,000 to diseases of the red blood cell and 

bleeding disorders (p. 38).

• A large proportion of deaths from acute MI and 

cerebrovascular disease involve blood-clotting 

problems (p. 38). 

• In 2004, blood-clotting disorders are expected to 

cost the Nation's economy $86 billion, and other 

blood diseases will cost $12 billion (p. 53).

• The mean age at death for persons with sickle cell 

anemia increased from about 28 years in 1979 to 

37.7 years in 2001 (not shown).
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

37

Deaths From All Causes and Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 1981 and 2001

* Includes 329,000 CVD deaths involving blood clotting disease.

† Includes 246,000 CVD deaths involving blood-clotting disease. 

‡ Includes 10,000 CVD deaths due to pulmonary heart disease in 1981 and 14,000 in 2001.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 

Deaths by Major Causes, U.S., 2001

Total Cardiovascular, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases 48.0%

* Excludes deaths from pulmonary heart disease (14,000).

† Excludes deaths from blood-clotting disorders and 

pulmonary embolism (246,000).

1981 2001

Cause of Death

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

Number of 

Deaths

Percent 

of Total

All Causes 1,978,000 100 2,416,000 100

All Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,130,000 57 1,161,000 48

Cardiovascular Diseases 984,000 50 931,000 38

Blood 335,000* 17 256,000† 10

Lung 151,000‡ 8 234,000‡ 10

All Other Causes 848,000 43 1,255,000 52

Deaths From Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2001

Lung*

9.1%

CVD

38.5%

Blood†

0.4%

Other

52.0%

Lung

18.9%

Blood

0.9%

CVD*

80.2%

* CVD involving blood clotting (21.2%).
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

38

Deaths From Specific Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2001

* Deaths from clotting or pulmonary disorders are included also as cardiovascular deaths.

Note: Total, excluding overlap, is 1,161,000.

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths (Thousands)

Cause of Death Cardiovascular Lung Blood

Acute Myocardial Infarction 185 — 126*

Other Coronary Heart Disease 317 — —

Congestive Heart Failure 53 — —

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Stroke) 164 — 107*

Other Atherosclerosis 39 — 4*

Pulmonary Embolism 9 9* 9*

Other Cardiovascular Diseases 164 5* —

Bleeding and Red Blood Cell Diseases — — 10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — 119 —

Asthma — 4 —

Other Airway Diseases — 1 —

Pneumonia — 62 —

Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders — 5 —

Interstitial Lung Diseases — 5 —

Lung Diseases Due to External Agents — 18 —

Other Lung Diseases — 6 —

Total 931 234 256

Deaths From Lung 

Diseases, U.S., 2001

Deaths From Blood Diseases, 

U.S., 2001

Other CHD

34.0%

AMI

19.9%

Stroke

17.6% Pulmonary

Embolism

1.0%

Other

Atherosclerosis

4.2%

CHF

5.7%

Other CVD*

17.6%

Blood-Clotting Disorders 96.1%

Source: Estimated by the NHLBI from Vital 

Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Airway Diseases

53.0%

Interstitial/

Other

12.4%

Pneumonia

26.5% Neonatal

2.1%

Pulmonary

Circulation

6.0%

Stroke

41.8%

Bleeding and 

Red Cell 

Diseases

3.9%

AMI

49.2%

Other

Atherosclerosis

1.7%

Pulmonary

Embolism

3.5%

Atherosclerosis

1.6%.5%

Atherosclerosis-Related Disease 81.4%

Deaths From Cardiovascular

Diseases, U.S., 2001

* Includes cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertensive 

disease, and other heart and blood vessel diseases.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

39

Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2001

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1900–2001

* Not age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2001

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

Year

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2001

CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Total CVD

Heart Disease

CHD

Stroke

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

40

Ten Leading Causes of Death: Death Rates, U.S., 2001

* Includes 177.8 deaths per 100,000 population from CHD.

† COPD and allied conditions (including asthma); the term in the ICD/10 is “chronic lower respiratory diseases.”

‡ Based on the average remaining years of life up to age 75 years.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS (preliminary).

Ten Leading Causes of Death Among Minority Groups, U.S., 2001

* Includes deaths among individuals of Asian extraction and Asian-Pacific Islanders.

† Includes deaths among Aleuts and Eskimos.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Years of potential life lost

(millions)‡

3.3 4.4 0.6 0.5 2.8 0.5 0.2 <0.1 0.2 0.2

Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Septicemia

Nephritis

COPD

HIV Infection

Homicide

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Black Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Perinatal

Pneumonia

COPD

Cirrhosis

Homicide

Diabetes

Stroke

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Hispanic Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Homicide

Nephritis

Suicide

Pneumonia

COPD

Diabetes

Accidents

Stroke

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

Asian* Cause

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Nephritis

Pneumonia

Suicide

COPD

Cirrhosis

Stroke

Diabetes

Accidents

Cancer

Heart

Percent of All Deaths

American Indian†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Cause of Death

 1 = Heart*

 2 = Cancer

 3 = Cerebrovascular

 4 = COPD†

 5 = Accidents

 6 = Diabetes

 7 = Influenza and Pneumonia

 8 = Alzheimer's Disease

 9 = Nephritis

 10 = Septicemia

Deaths per 100,000 Population
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

41

Death Rates* for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Diseases, U.S., 1981 and 2001

* Age-adjusted; rate per 100,000 population.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths From Congestive Heart Failure, U.S., 1968–2001

Note: The sharp drop occurring in 1989 is attributed to the revision of the death certificate.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Rate* Rate Percent 

Cause of Death 1981 2001 Change Change

All Causes 1,007 854 -153 -15

Cardiovascular Diseases 520 329 -191 -37

Coronary Heart Disease 330 178 -152 -46

Stroke 90 55 -35 -39

Other 100 96 -5 -5

Noncardiovascular Diseases 487 525 38 8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Deaths (Thousands)

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

42

Death Rates* for Heart Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2000

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates* for Stroke by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, U.S., 1985–2000

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Rate per 100,000 Population

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1985 2000 1985 2000

Year

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

†

Rate per 100,000 Population

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1985 2000 1985 2000

Year

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

†
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

43

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease, U.S., 1950–2001

Actual Rate and Expected Rates if Rise Had Continued or Reached a Plateau

* Age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS. 

Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases With High Percentage Discharged Dead From Hospitals, 

U.S., 1975, 1985, and 2001

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

1,363,000 Deaths Expected in 2001 

if No Decline From Peak Rate

More Than 1.6 Million Deaths Expected

in 2001 if Rise Had Continued

861,000 CHD Deaths Averted in 2001 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,363,000–502,000

502,000 Actual Deaths in 2001

Year

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Peak Rate

861,000 Deaths Averted in 2001 Due to

Decline From Peak Rate in 1968 (1,363,000–502,000)

502,000 Actual Deaths in 2001

1,363,000 Deaths Expected in 2001

if No Decline From Peak Rate

More Than 1.6 Million Deaths Expected

in 2001 if Rise Had Continued

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Cardiac 

Dysrhythmia

Pneumonia

Congestive 

Heart Failure

Stroke

AMI

1975

1985

2001

Disease

Stroke

Congestive

Heart Failure

Pneumonia

Cardiac

Dysrhythmia

Percent Discharged Dead
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

44

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Men Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2000

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, World Health Organization (WHO).

Death Rates* for Coronary Heart Disease in Women Ages 35–74 Years, Selected Countries, 1970–2000

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan

Deaths per 100,000 Population

Year

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Finland

Australia

USA

England

Poland

France

Japan

Year

Deaths per 100,000 Population

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

45

Change in Death Rates* for Selected Causes by Race and Gender, U.S., 1991–2001

* Age-adjusted.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Death Rates for Lung Diseases in Infants, U.S., 1980–2001

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

-4.8

-31.6

-28.5

-6

-19.9

35.2

-9.2

37.1

2.3

-18

-13.7

-16.1

-22.5

-10.4

-16.9

-25.1

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

Percent

Cause of Death

COPD Asthma CHD Stroke

White Men

Black Men

White Women

Black Women

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Other Neonatal 

Respiratory Disorder 

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

Deaths per 100,000 Live Births

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Respiratory 

Distress Syndrome

Sudden Infant

Death Syndrome

Other Neonatal 

Respiratory Disorder

Hypoxia

Pneumonia

2005

Year
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

46

Ten Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, U.S., 2001

* In 2001, congenital CVD and congenital anomalies of the respiratory system represented 42 percent of all infant deaths due to congenital anomalies.

† Between 1991 and 2001, congenital CVD declined 38 percent; congenital anomalies of the respiratory system declined 41 percent; other congenital anomalies 

declined 14 percent.

NA: Not available.

Note: Capitalization indicates diseases addressed in Institute programs.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Deaths Under Age 1 Year Due to Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases, U.S., 2001

* NHLBI programs address these diseases.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Cause of Death

Deaths 

Under Age 1

All Causes 27,568

Cardiovascular Diseases 2,370*

Congenital Anomalies 1,748

Other 622

Lung Diseases 6,015

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2,234*

Respiratory Distress Syndrome 1,011*

Pneumonia 292

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) 296

Atelectasis of Newborn 501

Congenital Anomalies 594*

Other Lung Diseases 1,087

Other Diseases 19,183

Cause of Mortality

0 50 100 150 200

Intrauterine hypoxia

DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Bacterial sepsis of newborn

Accidents and adverse effects

RESPIRATORY 

DISTRESS SYNDROME

Newborns affected by complications 

of placenta, cord, and membrane

Newborns affected by maternal 

complications of pregnancy

SUDDEN INFANT 

DEATH SYNDROME

DISORDERS RELATING

TO SHORT GESTATION

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES*

Deaths Under Age 1 per 100,000 Live Births

Percent Change

1990–2000

-27†

+9

-0.5

+8

-60

-57

+3

NA

-32

-9

-27

+9

-57

-0.5

+8

-60

+3

NA

-32

-9

†

Percent Change

1991–2001

Congenital 

Anomalies of the 

Respiratory System

2.2%

Atelectasis and 

Other Lung 

Diseases

BPD 5.8%

1.1%

Pneumonia

1.0%

RDS

SIDS 3.6%

8.1%

Other CVD

2.3%

Congenital 

Anomalies of the 

CV System

6.3%

Other Diseases

69.6%

CVD 8.6%

Lung Diseases 21.8%
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

47

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men Ages 35+ Years, Selected 

Countries, 1980–2000

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Women Ages 35+ Years, Selected 

Countries, 1980–2000

* Age-adjusted to the European Standard Population.

Source: World Health Statistics Annual, WHO.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

Deaths per 100,000 Population

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001

England

Australia

Poland

Germany

USA

Finland

France

Japan

Deaths per 100,000 Population

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

48

Death Rates* for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 

U.S., 1985–2000

* Age-adjusted.

† Non-Hispanic.

Note: Each line is a log linear regression derived from the actual rates.

Source: Vital Statistics of the United States, NCHS.

Physician Office Visits for Sleep Disorders, U.S., 1989–2001

Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, NCHS.

Rate per 100,000 Population

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1985 2000 1985 2000

Year

Black

White

American Indian

Hispanic

Asian

Male Female

†

Deaths per 100,000 Population

†

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Year

Visits (Millions)
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

49

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases, U.S., 2001

* Systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 90, or on antihypertensive medication.

† For 1996.

Note: Some persons are included in more than one diagnostic group, and persons with more than one form of anemia are counted more than once.

Sources: Extrapolated to United States from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988–94, and National Health Interview Survey 

(NHIS), 2001.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases* in Adults by Age, U.S., 1988–94

* Hypertension, CHD, cerebrovascular disease, CHF, rheumatic heart disease, or congenital CVD. 

Hypertension = systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90, or on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, 1988–94.

Disease Number

Total Cardiovascular Diseases 64,400,000

Hypertension* 50,000,000

Coronary Heart Disease 13,200,000

Congestive Heart Failure 5,000,000

Stroke 4,800,000

Congenital Heart Disease 1,000,000

Asthma 20,300,000

COPD 12,100,000

Chronic Bronchitis only (age 25+) 9,200,000

Emphysema only (age 25+) 2,000,000

Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema (age 25+) 900,000

Anemias (all forms)† 3,500,000

Percent

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

18–19 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79 80+

Ages
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

50

Prevalence of Common Cardiovascular and Lung Diseases by Age, U.S., 2001

* For 2000.

Note: Numbers depicted in bars are not additive by disease because some persons have more than one disease.

Source: NHIS and NHANES, NCHS.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors* in Adults, U.S., 1961–2000

* Age-adjusted.

Note: Hypertension is systolic blood pressure > 140, diastolic blood pressure is > 90 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medication. High cholesterol is 240+ mg/dl. 

Overweight is BMI 25+ kg/m2

. 

Source: NHIS for smoking and NHANES for the other risk factors (ages 20–74).

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Anemias*

Emphysema

Chronic Bronchitis*

Asthma

Congestive Heart Failure

Stroke

Coronary Heart Disease*

Hypertension

Emphysema

Stroke*

Congestive Heart

Chronic Bronchitis

Asthma Coronary Heart Disease*

Hypertension*

Anemias*

Coronary Heart Disease*

Chronic Bronchitis

Asthma

Hypertension*

Asthma <18 Years

18–44 Years

45–64 Years

65+ Years

Percent

Disease

Asthma

Hypertension*

Asthma

Chronic Bronchitis

Coronary Heart Disease*

Anemias*

Hypertension*

Coronary Heart Disease*

Asthma

Chronic Bronchitis

Congestive Heart Failure* Stroke*

Emphysema

Hypertension*

Coronary Heart Disease*

Stroke*

Congestive Heart Failure*

Asthma

Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

Anemias*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Hypertension

Smoking

High Cholesterol

Overweight

Percent of Population

Year
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

51

Hypertensive Population Aware, Treated, and Controlled, Age 18+, U.S., 1971–72 to 1999–2000

* Systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure > 95 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medication.

**Systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medication. 

Source: NHANES, NCHS.

Adult Population With Hypertension* by Age, Gender, and Race, U.S., 1999–2000

* Systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medication.

Source: NHANES, NCHS, and personal communication.

Percent of Hypertension Population*

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aw are Treated Controlled

1971–72

1974–75

1976–80

1988–94

Aware Treated Controlled

Percent of Hypertension Population*

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0

White

Black

MexicanAmerican

0 20 40 60 80 100

60+

40–59

18–39

Percent of Population

Ages

Men Women

White

Black

MexicanAmerican

Percent of Hypertension Population**

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Aw are Treated Controlled

1976–80

1988–91

1991–94

1999–00

Aware Treated Controlled

Percent of Hypertension Population**
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

52

Hospitalization Rates for Congestive Heart Failure, Ages 45–64 Years and 65+ Years, U.S., 1971–2001

Source: National Hospital Discharge Survey, NCHS.

Prevalence of Asthma by Age, U.S., 1981, 1991, and 2001

* Positive response to question: During the past 12 months, did anyone in your family have asthma?

† Positive responses to questions: Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you had asthma? Do you still have it?

Note: NCHS changed interview questions, so estimates for 2001 are not comparable with earlier estimates.

Source: NHIS, NCHS.

0

50

100

150

200

250

Ages 65+ Years

Ages 45-64 Years

Hospitalizations per 10,000 Population

Year

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Ages 65+ Years

Ages 45–64 Years

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

<18 18–44 45–64 65+

1981*

1991*

2001†

Percent

Ages
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 4. Disease Statistics

53

Direct and Indirect Economic Costs of Illness by Major Diagnosis, U.S., 2004

* Direct costs are personal health care expenditures for hospital and nursing home care, drugs, home care, and physician and other professional services. The estimation method is based on Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) projections for total 2004 health expenditures by type of direct costs and NCHS 

estimates of direct costs in 1995 for each of the major diagnostic groups. The proportion of costs for 1995 for each diagnostic group is applied to the equivalent 

2004 total by type of direct cost. 

† Morbidity costs were estimated for 2004 by multiplying NCHS estimates for 2003 by a 3.7 percent inflation factor derived from the increase in mean earnings 

estimated by the Bureau of the Census.

‡ The mortality cost for each disease group was estimated for 2004 by first multiplying the number of deaths in 2000 in each age- and sex-specific group by the 

2000 present value of lifetime earnings (latest available) discounted at 3 percent; second, summing these estimates for each diagnostic group; and third, multiplying the estimates by a 2000–2004 inflation factor (1.20) based on change in mean earnings. 

§ Costs of blood-clotting disease are estimated from predetermined proportions of CVD morbidity and mortality statistics for MI, cerebrovascular diseases, and 

diseases of arteries.

** Does not include lung cancer or leukemia.

Note: Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding.

Source: Estimates by NHLBI; data from the NCHS, the CMS, the Bureau of the Census, and the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, 

San Francisco.

Total Economic Costs, U.S., 2004 Economic Costs: Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases, U.S., 2004

Amount (Dollars in Billions) Percent Distribution

Indirect Costs Indirect Costs

Direct 

Costs* Morbidity† Mortality‡ Total

Direct 

Costs Morbidity Mortality Total

Cardiovascular Disease 226.7 33.6 108.1 368.4 14.7 17.0 20.9 16.0

(including Blood Clotting)§ (53.3) (7.4) (25.5) (86.5) (3.5) (3.7) (4.9) (3.8)

Lung Diseases** 75.9 25.9 30.1 131.9 4.9 13.1 5.8 5.9

Blood Diseases 8.0 0.7 2.8 11.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

Subtotal 310.6 60.2 141.0 511.8 20.1 30.4 27.2 22.9

Diseases of the Digestive 

System

158.2 10.2 23.2 191.6 10.3 5.2 4.5 8.4

Neoplasms 69.4 16.9 103.5 189.8 4.5 8.5 20.0 8.2

Mental Disorders 124.1 26.0 7.9 158.0 8.0 13.1 1.5 6.9

Diseases of the Nervous 

System

127.2 7.7 11.3 146.2 8.2 3.9 2.2 6.4

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal 

System 

88.3 20.2 2.6 111.1 5.7 10.2 0.5 4.9

Diseases of the Genitourinary 

System

65.3 5.2 5.6 76.1 4.2 2.6 1.1 3.3

Endocrine, Nutritional, and 

Metabolic Diseases

61.5 6.5 17.3 85.3 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.8

Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 31.4 12.0 26.6 70.0 2.0 6.1 5.1 3.2

Diseases of the Skin 34.7 1.6 0.5 36.8 2.2 0.8 0.1 1.6

Other Respiratory Diseases 43.2 8.0 3.0 54.2 2.8 4.0 0.6 2.4

Other and Unallocated to 

Diseases

426.9 23.3 175.41 625.6 27.7 11.8 33.9 27.3

Total $1,540.8 $197.8 $517.9 $2,256.5 100% 100% 100% 100%

Other

77.4%

Lung

5.8%

Cardiovascular

16.3%

Blood

0.5%

Indirect 39.3%

Mortality

27.5%

Morbidity

11.8%

Direct

60.7%

NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

55

More than two-thirds of the research supported by 

the NHLBI is initiated by individual investigators; 

the remainder is initiated by the Institute. Instituteinitiated programs are developed in response to 

evolving national needs, Congressional mandates, 

and advances in scientific knowledge. Each initiative represents the outcome of numerous and extensive discussions and thorough reviews by representatives of the scientific community, Institute 

advisory committees or special emphasis panels, the 

Board of Extramural Advisors (BEA), and the 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council 

(NHLBAC). The advisory committees, special 

emphasis panels, and the BEA, together with professional societies and NHLBI staff, continually review 

the progress of research within the NHLBI program 

areas, assess newly acquired knowledge, and identify research topics that offer the best opportunities 

or constitute the greatest needs. This planning process contributes to policy development at the 

national level by setting priorities among competing 

programs and establishing budgets for individual 

programs and projects. 

Initiatives generally emanate as Requests for 

Applications (RFAs) for grants, including cooperative agreements, or Requests for Proposals (RFPs) 

for contracts. A smaller number of initiatives take 

the form of Program Announcements (PAs). Applications and proposals submitted in response to RFAs 

and RFPs compete among themselves for specific 

“set-aside” funds. Applications submitted in 

response to PAs compete with other investigatorinitiated applications for funding.

RFA, RFP, and PA concepts prepared by the Institute are presented to the BEA, which reviews and 

prioritizes them. The concepts, along with the comments from the BEA, are then sent to the NHLBAC 

for review, comment, and concurrence. Initiatives 

that receive the concurrence of the NHLBAC are 

considered further by the NHLBI Director in the 

context of the Institute’s budget, program priorities, 

review workloads, and proposed mechanisms. 

These considerations guide the Director’s subsequent decisions to approve initiatives for release. 

RFAs, RFPs, and PAs are announced in the weekly 

publication, the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts. 

Applications and proposals submitted in response 

to RFAs and RFPs are reviewed by the NHLBI. 

Applications submitted in response to PAs are 

reviewed by the NIH Center for Scientific Review.

Descriptions of the Institute-initiated programs 

that began or were renewed in FY 2003 are presented below according to NHLBI scientific program. Also described are trans-NIH initiatives in 

which the NHLBI is participating.

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

New Initiatives

Clinical Research in Peripheral Artery Disease

The purpose of this RFA is to develop improved 

therapeutic and preventive approaches for atherosclerotic arterial diseases of the peripheral vasculature. Objectives include elucidating biological 

mechanisms associated with initiation, progression, 

and outcomes of the disease; enhancing early detection by developing improved biomarkers, imaging 

approaches, and other relevant biomedical technologies; and developing innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies.

Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of ObesityAssociated Cardiovascular Disease

The purpose of this initiative is to stimulate 

research on the biologic basis of obesity-related 

CVD, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart 

failure, cardiomyopathies, and arrhythmias/sudden 

death. The objective is to elucidate the basic and 

clinical mechanisms associated with development of 

obesity-related CVD.

5. Institute-Initiated Programs 

Starting in FY 2003
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

56

Lung Diseases Program

Initiatives Being Renewed

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN)

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

a network of clinical centers and a data coordinating center to assess innovative treatments for asthma and to 

ensure that the findings will be disseminated to clinicians 

and other health care workers.

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) in 

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea and Airway 

Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis 

The objective of this renewal is to foster multidisciplinary research to enable basic science results to be 

applied more rapidly to clinical problems. The SCOR in 

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea is studying the 

etiology and consequences of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. The SCOR in CF is focusing on the 

role of the CF transmembrane conductance regulators in 

airway biology and CF phatogenesis. Research findings should identify new targets and strategies for clinical treatment.

New Initiatives

Coordination of Vascularization and Lung 

Development

The purpose of this RFA is to stimulate research on the 

cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the lung and its vasculature during normal and 

abnormal lung development that will be useful to investigators seeking to develop therapeutic interventions to 

reverse arrested alveolization, a feature of chronic lung 

disease in very-low-birth-weight premature infants. 

Understanding the influence of parallel development of 

the lung and its vasculature also may yield information 

useful in preventing the comorbid conditions later in life.

COPD Clinical Research Network

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a clinical 

research network to conduct multiple, short-term, multicenter therapeutic intervention trials in patients with 

moderate-to-severe COPD.

Molecular Mechanisms of Mucous Cell Metaplasia 

and Excess Mucous Secretion in Human Airway 

Diseases

The purpose of this RFA is to promote research on 

molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in hypersecretion of mucus and mucous cell metaplasia in 

chronic airway diseases such as COPD, asthma, CF, and 

other chronic bronchitic conditions. Scientists seek to 

develop innovative therapeutic agents for clinical modulation of mucous function in airway diseases. 

Molecular Target and Drug Discovery for Idiopathic 

Pulmonary Fibrosis

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis. Objectives include discovering and 

validating molecular targets for interfering with fibrogenesis and identifying agonists or antagonists that interact with them or with other previously identified targets 

to attenuate, halt, or reverse the fibrotic process.

Specialized Centers of Clinical Research (SCCOR) in 

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury

The objective of this SCCOR is to investigate the 

pathogenesis and treatment of early acute lung injury. 

Researchers will examine multiple pathways in the 

injury and repair process. Emphasis is on translating 

basic research advances into clinical applications. At 

least 50 percent of the projects will be clinically oriented 

and involve direct patient contact.

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Initiatives Being Renewed

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

10 Sickle Cell Centers to be engaged in multidisciplinary 

research directed toward developing innovative therapies 

for SCD. Scientists are also looking for a cure for the 

disease. The centers offer career development for young 

investigators in SCD research, patient service activities, 

and community outreach. 

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS)

The purpose of this renewal is to continue support for 

studies on volunteer blood donors to ensure the safety 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

57

and availability of the Nation’s blood supply. Research 

includes monitoring known blood-born infectious 

agents, evaluating rapidly the impact of emerging pathogens, assessing safety implications of changes in laboratory and blood donor screening protocols, and examining 

blood supply availability issues.

New Initiatives

Mechanisms of Fetal Hemoglobin Gene Silencing for 

Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and Cooley’s Anemia

The purpose of this RFA is to identify mechanisms of 

fetal hemoglobin (gamma-globin) gene silencing during 

normal human development and of variable silencing in 

adults and to apply that knowledge to develop new 

approaches to inhibit silencing.

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities

The purpose of this RFP is to establish three centralized facilities for developing cellular therapies. The 

facilities will assist investigators by providing support in 

basic science, the developmental phase of new therapies, 

and, eventually, in human trials.

Trans-NHLBI

New Initiatives

Ancillary Pharmacogenetics Studies in Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Disease Trials

The purpose of this RFA is to conduct pharmacogenetic research in ongoing or completed clinical trials 

and studies related to heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. Investigators will examine genetic influences on 

inter-individual differences in prescription drug 

response. The goal is to optimize drug treatment in individual patients and mitigate serious adverse response or 

lack of response to therapy.

Basic Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology

The purpose of this RFA is to stimulate basic research 

on mesenchymal stem cell biology and to use the 

acquired knowledge as the basis for clinical application 

of mesenchymal stem cells to hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Preclinical 

studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells facilitate 

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation while decreasing 

immune rejection of allogenetic transplants.

Cell-Based Therapies for Heart, Lung, Blood, and 

Sleep Disorders

The purpose of this RFA is to support basic research 

on stem cell biology and the use of stem cells in cellular 

therapies for cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases 

and sleep disorders. Ultimately, the goal is to develop 

regenerative and reparative therapies.

Functional Heterogeneity of the Peripheral, 

Pulmonary, and Lymphatic Vessels

The purpose of this RFA is to encourage research on 

cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to 

functional heterogeneity of adult peripheral, pulmonary, 

and lymphatic vessels. Research findings should provide 

insight into the pathogenesis of peripheral vascular, pulmonary, and lymphatic diseases and lead to new and 

more effective treatments.

Minority K-12 Initiative for Teachers and Students 

(MKITS)

The purpose of this initiative is to develop a science 

curriculum for minority students in kindergarten through 

12th grade that will encourage them to pursue studies in 

biomedical and behavioral sciences. The program will 

also train teachers to enable them to enhance the scientific knowledge, skills, and research experience of their 

students.

NHLBI Competitive Supplements for Human 

Embryonic Stem Cell Research

The purpose of this PA is to provide training to 

NHLBI grantees in the use of human embryonic stem 

cell lines. The research proposed in the supplement 

should be within the scope of an existing NHLBI grant 

and may not expand its original scope.

NHLBI Innovative Research Grant Program

The objective of this PA is to explore new approaches 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders 

through analysis of existing data or use of existing biological specimens. Studies should be designed to provide preliminary results to demonstrate the feasibility of 

innovative approaches. 

Nonhuman Primate Models of HIV-Associated 

Pulmonary, Cardiovascular, and Hematological 

Disorders

The purpose of this program is to stimulate research 

on the use of nonhuman primate models (e.g., simian 

immunodeficiency virus (SIV)- and simian-human 

immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected monkeys) for 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 5. Institute-Initiated Programs

58

the study of HIV-associated pulmonary, cardiovascular, 

and hematologic disorders. The primate models should 

be designed to facilitate the study of the biological and 

clinical characteristics of disorders of the heart, lung, 

blood, and bone marrow associated with HIV infections 

and coinfections and to evaluate innovative methods for 

their prevention and treatment. 

Trans-NIH

Initiative Being Renewed

Rat Genome Database

The purpose of this renewal is to continue a unique, 

ongoing resource for a limited time. The rat genome 

database contains data generated from rat genetic, 

genomic, and related research efforts; its function is to 

provide a knowledge base for rat model research in the 

United States and for investigators needing knowledge 

of rat biology to guide research in human disease.

New Initiative

National Swine Research and Resource Center

The purpose of this RFA is to establish a national 

resource center for deposit, maintenance, preservation, 

and distribution of swine models that will be made available for the study of human health and disease. The center will also be a resource for cryopreservation, storage, 

and reconstitution of swine embryos and germplasm. 

The RFA will support the development of methods for 

improving the health of swine strains and the characterization of diseases endemic to laboratory swine stocks.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

59

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council

Structure

Chair: Barbara M. Alving, M.D., Acting 

Director, NHLBI

Executive Secretary: Deborah P. Beebe, Ph.D., 

Director, Division of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0260

The Secretary of Health and Human Services 

(HHS) appoints 18 members: 12 members are 

leading representatives of the health and scientific 

disciplines (including public health and behavioral 

or social sciences), and 6 are from the general public 

and are leaders in the fields of public policy, law, 

health policy, economics, and management.

Members are appointed for overlapping terms of 

4 years.

The Council includes the following ex officio 

members:

• Secretary, HHS

• Director, NIH

• Director, NHLBI

• Chief Medical Director, or Designee, Veterans 

Affairs

• Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health 

Affairs, or Designee.

Functions

The NHLBAC reviews applications for research 

grants, cooperative agreements, and training grants 

in heart, blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases; 

sleep disorders; and blood resources, and recommends scientific projects that merit support to the 

Director, NHLBI.

The Council advises the Secretary, HHS, the 

Assistant Secretary for Health, HHS, and the Directors, NIH and NHLBI, on matters relating to causes, 

prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment 

of diseases and resources within the purview of the 

Institute. As stated in its charter, the Council also 

“may review any grant, contract, or cooperative 

agreement proposed to be made or entered into by 

the Institute; may make recommendations to the 

Director of the Institute respecting research conducted at the Institute; may collect, by correspondence or by personal investigation, information as to 

studies that are being carried on in the United States 

or any other country with respect to the cause, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, blood 

vessel, lung, and blood diseases, and to the use of 

blood and blood products and the management of 

blood resources and with the approval of the Director of the Institute, make available such information 

through appropriate publications for the benefit of 

public and private health entities and health professions personnel and scientists and for the information of the general public; and may appoint 

subcommittees and convene workshops and conferences.” 

The Council may also make recommendations to 

the Director, NIH and other authorized officials 

regarding the acceptance of conditional gifts pursuant to section 2501 of the Public Health Service Act.

Meetings

The Chair convenes meetings not fewer than four 

times a year and approves the agenda.

6. Institute Public Advisory Committees
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

60

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council Membership*

Barbara M. Alving, M.D. 

Chair 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Rina Alcalay, Ph.D. (2003)

University of California, Davis

Melissa A. Austin, Ph.D. (2004)

University of Washington

Gordon R. Bernard, M.D. (2006)

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Carolyne Sue Byrnes (2004)

LAM Foundation

Maria R. Costanzo, M.D. (2006)

Edward Cardiovascular Institute

Jeffrey M. Drazen, M.D. (2004)

New England Journal of Medicine

Kim A. Eagle, M.D. (2006)

University of Michigan

Frances C. Henderson, Ed.D. (2006)

Alcorn State University

Mary F. Lipscomb, M.D. (2003)

University of New Mexico School of Medicine

Robert J. Mason, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado

Alan Meisel, J.D. (2003)

University of Pittsburgh School of Law 

Jane W. Newburger, M.D. (2005)

Children’s Hospital Boston

Ngai X. Nguyen (2006)

San Jose, California

Ananda S. Prasad, M.D., Ph.D (2004)

Wayne State University

George Thomas, M.D. (2005)

Bradenton Cardiology Center 

Pearl T. Toy, M.D. (2004)

University of California, San Francisco

Linda V. Van Horn, Ph.D. (2005)

Northwestern University Medical School

Roberta G. Williams, M.D. (2003)

Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles

Ex Officio Members

Arn H. Eliasson, M.D. 

Walter Reed Army Medical Center

Robert C. Jesse, M.D.

McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Tommy G. Thompson 

Department of Health and Human Services

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D. 

National Institutes of Health 

* Current as of October 2003. The current roster, containing full addresses for the NHLBI Advisory Council and Committees, can be 

obtained from the Internet at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/meetings/nhlbac/roster.htm. 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

61

Program Advisory and Review Committee

Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee

Chair: Theodore Wun, M.D., University of 

California, Davis Cancer Center

Executive Secretary: Charles M. Peterson, M.D., 

Director, Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 

20892; 301–435–0050

The Sickle Cell Disease Advisory Committee advises 

the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary for Health, 

HHS and the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the 

DBDR on matters related to the Sickle Cell Disease 

Program and makes recommendations concerning 

planning, execution, and evaluation of all aspects of the 

program.

Membership*

Gilda A. Barabino, Ph.D. (2004) 

Northeastern University

Oswaldo Castro, M.D. (2004) 

Howard University

Michael R. DeBaun, M.D. (2007) 

Washington University School of Medicine

Paul S. Frenette, M.D. (2007) 

Mount Sinai Medical Center

Johnson Haynes Jr., M.D. (2007) 

University of South Alabama College of Medicine

J. Hoxi Jones (2004) 

Texas Department of Human Services

Dorothy Moore, M.D. (2007) 

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Joseph Telfair, Dr.P.H. (2004)

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Russell E. Ware, M.D. (2006)

Duke University Medical Center

Ex Officio Members

Joseph Desimone, Ph.D. 

Department of Veterans Administration, Chicago

William H. Hannon, Ph.D. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

Marie Y. Mann, M.D. 

Health Resources and Services Administration

Robert L. Sheffler, M.D. 

Brooke Army Medical Center

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board

Chair: Stuart F. Quan, M.D., University of Arizona 

College of Medicine

Executive Secretary: Carl E. Hunt, M.D., Director, 

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, NHLBI, 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0199

The Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board advises 

the Directors of the NIH, the NHLBI, and the National 

Center on Sleep Disorders Research on matters related to 

the scientific activities carried out by and through the 

Center and policies regarding such activities, including 

the identification of research priorities for coordination 

of sleep and sleep disorders research by the NIH and 

other Federal, professional, and voluntary organizations.

Membership*

Gene D. Block, Ph.D. (2004)

University of Virginia

Sarah J. Caddick, Ph.D. (2004)

Wadsworth Foundation

Sheila C. Connolly, R.N. (2007)

Restless Legs Syndrome Foundation

Kathryn A. Lee, Ph.D. (2006)

University of California, San Francisco

* Current as of October 2003. 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

62

Rafael Pelayo, M.D. (2006)

Stanford University

Gina R. Poe, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Michigan Medical Center

Susan Redline, M.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

Clifford B. Saper, M.D., Ph.D. (2005)

Harvard Medical School

Michael J. Sateia, M.D. (2006)

Dartmouth Medical School

Lorraine L. Wearley, Ph.D. (2007)

Johnson & Johnson

Phillip L. Williams (2004)

Bethlehem Steel

Ex Officio Members

Barbara M. Alving, M.D.

NHLBI, National Institutes of Health

Colonel Gregory Belenky, M.D.

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Robert W. Greene, M.D., Ph.D.

Veterans Administration Medical Center 

Carl E. Hunt, M.D.

NCSDR, National Institutes of Health

Israel Lederhendler, Ph.D.

NIMH, National Institutes of Health

Andrew Monjan, Ph.D., M.P.H. 

NIA, National Institutes of Health

Paul Nichols, Ph.D. 

NINDS, National Institutes of Health

Eve E. Slater, M.D.

Department of Health and Human Services

Marian Willinger, Ph.D.

NICHD, National Institutes of Health

Elias A. Zerhouni, Jr., M.D.

National Institutes of Health

Clinical Trials Review Committee

Chair: James E. Fish, M.D., Aventis Pharmaceuticals

Scientific Review Administrator: Valerie L. 

Prenger, Ph.D., M.P.H., Health Science Administrator, 

Division of Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National 

Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–435–0287

The Clinical Trials Review Committee provides initial 

technical merit review for the National Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Advisory Council and the Director of the NHLBI 

on clinical trial applications for the support of studies to 

evaluate preventive or therapeutic measures of blood, 

cardiovascular, or lung diseases.

Membership*

Shelly L. Carter, Sc.D. (2006)

The EMMES Corporation

John E. Connett, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Minnesota

Robert M. Elashoff, Ph.D. (2007)

University of California, Los Angeles

John M. Fontaine, M.D. (2005)

Hahnemann University

Judith S. Hochman, M.D. (2006)

Columbia University

Kenneth V. Leeper, M.D. (2004)

Emory University School of Medicine

Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center

Ileana L. Pina, M.D. (2007)

Case Western Reserve University

* Current as of October 2003. 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

63

Lynda H. Powell, Ph.D. (2007)

Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center

David M. Reboussin, Ph.D. (2006)

Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Linda G. Snetselaar, Ph.D. (2004)

University of Iowa

Charles M. Stein, M.D. (2004)

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Marilyn J. Telen, M.D. (2005)

Duke University Medical Center

Carla Yunis, M.D. (2004)

3M Pharmaceuticals

Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee

Chair: Joe G. Garcia, M.D., The Johns Hopkins 

University 

Scientific Review Administrator: Jeffery H. Hurst, 

Ph.D., Health Scientist Administrator, Division of 

Extramural Affairs, NHLBI, National Institutes of 

Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 301–435–0303

The Heart, Lung, and Blood Program Project Review 

Committee provides initial technical merit review for the 

NHLBAC and the Director, NHLBI on program project 

applications proposing research in the areas of heart, 

lung, and blood diseases and resources.

Membership*

Roberto Bolli, M.D. (2004)

University of Louisville School of Medicine

Martha K. Cathcart, Ph.D. (2004)

Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Jeffrey J. Fredberg, Ph.D. (2006)

Harvard University

Joseph R. Haywood, Ph.D. (2007)

Michigan State University

Katherine A. High, M.D. (2005)

University of Pennsylvania

Cheryl A. Hillery, M.D. (2005)

The Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Alan H. Kadish, M.D. (2004)

Northwestern University Medical School

K. J. Koa, M.D., Ph.D. (2005)

Synpac North Carolina

Renee C. LeBoeuf, Ph.D. (2007)

University of Washington

Brooke T. Mossman, Ph.D. (2006)

University of Vermont

Jose M. Ordovas, Ph.D. (2007)

Tufts University

Donna Przepiorka, M.D., Ph.D. (2007)

University of Tennessee

Nancy J. Rusch, Ph.D. (2004)

Medical College of Wisconsin

Roy L. Silverstein, M.D. (2006)

Cornell University

Julian Solway, M.D. (2006)

University of Chicago

Kurt R. Stenmark, M.D. (2005)

University of Colorado Health Sciences

 Center

Michiko Watanabe, Ph.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Special Emphasis Panel

The Institute has established the NHLBI Special 

Emphasis Panel (SEP) to perform initial peer review of 

applications and proposals that were previously handled 

by ad hoc committees. Concept review, previously 

handled by divisional program advisory committees, has 

also been incorporated into the SEP system. The SEP, 

* Current as of October 2003. 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 6. Institute Public Advisory Committees

64

which has neither a fixed membership nor a set meeting 

schedule, is constituted to provide required peer review 

expertise at precisely the time that it is needed.

Board of Scientific Counselors

Chair: Joseph Loscalzo, M.D., Ph.D., Boston 

University School of Medicine

Executive Secretary: Elizabeth Nabel, M.D., 

Director, Clinical Research Program, NHLBI, National 

Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 

301–496–1518

The Board of Scientific Counselors advises the 

Director and the Deputy Director for Intramural 

Research, NIH, and the Directors of NHLBI and the 

Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, on the 

intramural research programs of the NHLBI.

Membership*

Ivor J. Benjamin, M.D. (2007)

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Nancy Berliner, M.D. (2007)

Yale University

Nelson J. Chao, M.D. (2006)

Duke University Medical Center

Pamela B. Davis, M.D. (2006)

Case Western Reserve University

Kevin J. Foskett, Ph.D. (2005)

University of Pennsylvania

Carole R. Mendelson, Ph.D. (2004) 

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Sally E. Wenzel-Morganroth, M.D. (2007)

National Jewish and Medical Research Center

Stephen G. Young, M.D. (2005)

University of California, San Francisco

* Current as of October 2003. 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

65

NHLBI Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003

* Excludes funds provided by other agencies by means of a reimbursable agreement.

† Includes $66,251 for Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grants.

‡ Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

§ Excludes OD and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Total Obligations NHLBI Extramural NHLBI Extramural

by Budget Category Obligations by Program Obligations by Division

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases and Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars*

(Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Budget

Research Project Grants† $1,920,201 68.7%

SCORs/SCCORs 116,030 4.2

Sickle Cell Centers 20,605 0.7

Centers for AIDS Research 2,306 0.1

Other Research Grants 113,172 4.1

Research Careers Programs‡ 65,817 2.4

Training Programs 85,785 3.1

Research and Development Contracts 290,474 10.4

Intramural Laboratory and Clinical Research 157,824 5.6

Research Management and Support§ 87,284 3.1

Research Facilities Construction Grants — —

Total Obligations $2,793,681 100%

For detailed data on FY 2003:

• Research grants, see Chapters 9 and 11

• Research and development contracts, see Chapters 10 and 11

• Research training and career development, see Chapter 13

• Geographic distribution of awards, see Chapter 14.

7. Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Overview

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases

46.6%

Lung Diseases

21.2% Blood Diseases 

and Resources

16.5%

Epidemiology and 

Clinical 

Applications

11.3%

Sleep Disorders 

Research

1.9%

Women's Health 

Initiative

2.5%

Blood Diseases 

and Resources

16.5%

Lung Diseases

21.2%

Sleep Disorders 

Research

1.9%

Heart and 

Vascular 

Diseases*

57.9%

Women's Health 

Initiative

2.5%

Blood Diseases 

and Resources

15.0%

Intramural 

Laboratory and 

Clinical Research

5.6%

Lung Diseases

19.4%

Research 

Management 

Support

3.1%

Sleep Disorders 

Research

1.8%

Heart and

Vascular 

Diseases*

52.8%

Women's Health 

Initiative

2.3%
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

66

NHLBI Extramural Obligations by Program: Fiscal Year 2003

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases and Epidemiology and Clinical Applications.

NHLBI Heart and Vascular Diseases Program*

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003

* Includes Heart and Vascular Diseases only.

† Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

 Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Program

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of NHLBI 

Extramural Budget

Heart and Vascular Diseases* $1,475,592 57.9%

Lung Diseases 541,051 21.2

Blood Diseases and Resources 419,348 16.5

Sleep Disorders Research 49,360 1.9

Women’s Health Initiative 63,222 2.5

Total, Extramural Obligations $2,548,573 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $ 939,183 79.0%

SCORs/SCCORs 44,761 3.8

Other Research Grants 36,767 3.1

Research Career Programs† 22,715 1.9

Training Programs 43,657 3.7

Research and Development Contracts 123,717 10.4

Total, Heart and Vascular Diseases $1,188,085 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $198,374 69.0%

SCORs/SCCORs — —

Other Research Grants 11,467 4.0

Research Career Programs* 8,396 2.9

Training Programs 5,958 2.1

Research and Development Contracts 71,708 24.9

Total, Epidemiology and Clinical Applications $287,507 100%
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

67

NHLBI Lung Diseases Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

NHLBI Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Program

Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $413,844 76.5%

SCORs/SCCORs 49,155 9.1

Other Research Grants 46,240 8.5

Research Career Programs* 22,332 4.1

Training Programs 20,067 3.7

Research and Development Contracts 11,745 2.2

Total, Lung Diseases $541,051 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $329,069 78.5%

SCORs/SCCORs 15,904 3.8

Sickle Cell Centers 20,605 4.9

Centers for AIDS Research 2,306 0.5

Other Research Grants 17,124 4.1

Research Career Programs* 8,224 2.0

Training Programs 14,258 3.4

Research and Development Contracts 20,082 4.8

Total, Blood Diseases and Resources Program $419,348 100%

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $39,731 80.5%

SCORs/SCCORs 6,210 12.6

Other Research Grants 1,574 3.2

Research Career Programs* 1,574 3.2

Training Programs 1,845 3.7

Research and Development Contracts — —

Total, Sleep Disorders Research $49,360 100%
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 7. Budget Overview

68

Women’s Health Initiative

Obligations by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003

* Research Career Programs are a subset of Other Research Grants and are not added as a distinct funding mechanism.

Funding Mechanism

Obligated Dollars 

(Thousands)

Percent of 

Program Budget

Research Project Grants $ — — %

SCORs/SCCORs — —

Other Research Grants — —

Research Career Programs* — —

Training Programs — —

Research and Development Contracts 63,222 100

Total, Women’s Health Initiative $63,222 100%
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

69

Budget History of the NHLBI: Fiscal Years 1950–2003 

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal 

Year

Budget Estimate to 

Congress

House 

Allowance

Senate 

Allowance Appropriation Obligations

Cumulative Fiscal 

Year Obligations

1950 $ 34,630 $ 11,575 $ 29,117 $ 16,075 $ 15,768 $ 15,768

1951 8,800 8,800 9,400 9,400 8,497 24,265

1952 10,237 10,074 10,156 10,083 9,850 34,115

1953 9,779 9,623 12,000 12,000 11,398 45,513

1954 11,040 12,000 15,418 15,168 14,952 60,465

1955 14,570 16,168 17,168 16,668 16,595 77,060

1956 17,454 17,398 23,976 18,808 18,838 95,898

1957 22,106 25,106 33,396 33,396 32,392 128,290

1958 33,436 33,436 38,784 35,936 35,973 164,263

1959 34,820 36,212 49,529 45,613 45,468 209,731

1960 45,594 52,744 89,500 62,237 61,565 271,296

1961 63,162 71,762 125,166 86,900 86,239 357,535

1962 97,073 105,723 160,000 132,912 110,849 468,384

1963 126,898 143,398 149,498 147,398 120,597 588,981

1964 130,108 129,325 130,545 132,404 117,551 706,532

1965 125,640 124,521 125,171 124,824 124,412 830,944

1966 141,412 146,212 143,462 141,462 141,171 972,115

1967 148,407 154,770 164,770 164,770 164,342 1,136,457

1968 167,954 167,954 177,954 167,954 162,134 1,298,591

1969 169,735 164,120 172,120 166,928 161,834 1,460,425

1970 160,513 160,513 182,000 171,257 160,433 1,620,858

1971 171,747 178,479 203,479 194,901 194,826 1,815,684

1972 195,492 211,624 252,590 232,627 232,577 2,048,261

1973 255,280 300,000 350,000 300,000 255,722 2,303,983

1974 265,000 281,415 320,000 302,915 327,270 2,631,253

1975 309,299 321,196 330,000 327,996 327,953 2,959,206

1976 324,934 329,079 379,059 370,096 368,648 3,327,854

TQA 59,715 58,015 58,015 58,763 60,639 3,388,493

1977 342,855 380,661 420,661 396,661 396,857 3,785,350

1978 403,642 432,642 456,000 447,901 447,968 4,233,318

1979 454,336 485,584 485,584 510,134 510,080 4,743,398

1980 507,344 527,544 527,544 527,544 527,248 5,270,646

1981 532,799 560,264 565,264 549,693 550,072 5,820,718

1982 579,602 583,831 587,741 559,637 559,800 6,380,518

1983 577,143 620,947 624,542 624,259 624,260 7,004,778

1984 639,774 665,859 683,489 704,939 705,064 7,709,842

1985 718,852 764,135 807,149 805,269 803,810 8,513,652

1986 775,254 856,388 863,652 859,239 821,901 9,335,553

1987 785,697 921,410 921,502 930,001 929,982 10,265,535

1988 821,887 990,808 1,000,349 965,536 965,283 11,230,818

1989 1,054,503 1,018,983 1,056,003 1,045,985 1,045,508 12,276,326

1990 1,039,846 1,090,930 1,091,597 1,072,354 1,070,683 13,347,009

1991 1,112,502 1,135,589 1,137,235 1,126,942 1,125,915 14,472,924

1992 1,209,924 1,202,398 1,190,396 1,191,500 1,190,070 15,662,994

1993 1,245,396 1,228,455 1,228,455 1,214,693 1,214,693 16,877,687

1994 1,198,402 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,880 1,277,852 18,155,539

1995 1,266,961 1,259,590 1,259,590 1,258,472 1,314,969 19,470,508

1996 1,337,021 1,355,866 1,320,254B 1,355,866 1,351,422C 20,821,930

1997 1,320,555D 1,438,265 1,344,742D 1,432,529E 1,431,821 22,253,751

1998 1,467,189 1,513,004 1,531,898 1,531,061F 1,526,276 23,780,027

1999 1,709,328G 1,720,344 1,793,697 1,793,697F 1,788,008 25,568,035

2000 1,759,806 1,937,404 2,001,185 2,040,291F 2,027,286 27,595,321

2001 2,069,582 2,328,102 2,328,105 2,299,866H 2,298,035 29,893,356

2002 2,567,429 2,547,675 2,618,966 2,576,125I 2,569,794 32,463,150

2003 2,791,411 2,812,011 2,818,684 2,812,011J 2,793,681 35,256,831

8. Long-Term Trends

A TQ=Transition Quarter, July 1–September 30, 1976.

B Senate Allowance reflects the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission 

and the HHS rescission.

C Obligations reflect the Institute share of the Government-wide rescission, the 

HHS rescission, and a transfer to other NIH Institutes through the NIH Director’s 

1 percent transfer authority.

D Excludes funds for AIDS research activities consolidated in the NIH Office of 

AIDS Research (OAR).

E Excludes enacted administrative reduction.

F Excludes Director Transfer, Secretary Transfer, and Rescission.

G Includes Bioterrorism reduction.

H Excludes Office of Human Research Protection Transfer, Secretary 

Transfer, and Rescission.

I Excludes Government-wide Rescission, Labor/HHS/Education Rescission, from 

HHS to OMB Rescission, and Secretary 1 percent transfer.

J Excludes Government-wide Rescission.
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70

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Current Dollars

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Constant 1993 Dollars

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Total

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health Initiative

Intramural Research

Research Management

and Support (RMS)

Dollars in Millions

Year

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health

Initiative

Intramural

Research

Research Management

and Support (RMS)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders 

Research

Women's Health 

Initiative

Intramural 

Research

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)

Dollars in Millions

TOTAL

Heart

Lung

Blood

Sleep Disorders

Research

Women’s Health

Initiative

Intramural

Research

Research Management

and Support (RMS)

Year
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Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

71

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Category: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

This table is based on the Biomedical Research & Development Price Index (January 2003).

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Extramural Research

Heart $ 632.0 $ 651.7 $ 668.9 $ 692.8 $ 737.9 $ 795.6 $ 898.0 $1,058.0 $1,186.6 $1,353.4 $1,475.6

Lung 221.6 238.7 243.0 261.9 273.4 281.7 346.2 380.4 444.0 490.5 541.1

Blood 203.5 227.4 244.6 224.3 242.7 257.5 266.1 305.9 364.0 396.0 419.3

Sleep Disorders 

Research

— — — 15.9 18.7 22.3 31.2 35.1 37.0 44.7 49.4

Women’s Health 

Initiative

— — — — — — 63.1 57.7 59.2 59.0 63.2

Intramural Research 98.2 101.7 98.9 101.8 104.4 111.6 119.5 122.3 133.7 146.7 157.8

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)

59.4 58.4 59.5 54.8 54.6 57.6 63.9 67.9 73.5 79.4 87.3

Total $1,214.7 $1,277.9 $1,314.9 $1,351.5 $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7

Constant 1993 Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Budget Category 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Extramural Research

Heart $ 632.0 $ 627.2 $ 622.2 $ 628.7 $ 651.3 $ 679.4 $ 739.1 $ 835.0 $ 898.9 $ 989.3 $1,045.8

Lung 221.6 229.7 226.0 237.7 241.3 240.6 284.9 300.2 336.4 358.6 383.5

Blood 203.5 218.9 227.5 203.5 214.2 219.9 219.0 241.4 275.8 289.5 297.2

Sleep Disorders 

Research

— — — 14.4 16.5 19.0 25.7 27.7 28.0 32.7 35.0

Women’s Health 

Initiative

— — — — — — 51.9 45.5 44.8 43.2 44.8

Intramural Research 98.2 97.9 92.0 92.4 92.1 95.3 98.4 96.5 101.3 107.2 111.8

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)

59.4 56.2 55.3 49.7 48.2 49.2 52.6 53.6 55.7 58.0 61.9

Total $1,214.7 $1,229.9 $1,223.0 $1,226.4 $1,263.6 $1,303.4 $1,471.6 $1,599.9 $1,740.9 $1,878.5 $1,980.0
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72

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Total Obligations by Budget Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes Research Career Programs.

† Excludes Office of the Director and DIR research contracts, which are included in R&D contracts.

NHLBI Employment: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Full-time equivalents.

Current Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Research Grants* $ 895.3 $ 951.2 $ 982.6 $1,025.4 $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3

Research and Development (R&D) Contracts117.5 118.3 125.9 120.9 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5

Training Programs 44.3 48.3 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8

Intramural Research and 

Research Management 

and Support (RMS)†

157.6 160.1 158.4 156.6 159.1 169.2 183.4 190.1 207.3 226.1 245.1

Total $1,214.7 $1,277.9 $1,314.9 $1,351.4 $1,431.7 $1,526.3 $1,788.0 $2,027.3 $2,298.0 $2,569.8 $2,793.7

Fiscal Year

Staff 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

FTEs* 911 854 822 834 829 840 847 865 868 880 880

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Research Grants

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research

and Research

Management and

Support (RMS)+

Dollars in Millions

Year

Research Grants

Research and

Development (R&D)

Contracts

Training Programs

Intramural Research

and Research

Management and

Suipport (RMS)+
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73

NHLBI Institute-Initiated and Investigator-Initiated Awards: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes Research Career Programs.

NHLBI Grants and Research and Development Contracts as Subsets of Institute-Initiated Awards: 

Fiscal Years 1993–2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Aw ards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Percent of Extramural Funds

Investigator-Initiated

Grants*

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Institute-Initiated

Aw ards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts

Percent of Extramural Funds

Institute-Initiated

Awards (Grants and

R&D Contracts)

Grants

R&D Contracts
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

74

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes all R18s.

† Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs), and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

‡ Numbers do not add to subtotal because line-items exclude NIH assessments.

NHLBI Extramural Programs: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes all R18s.

† Centers are a subset of Institute-Initiated Grants (RFAs), and are not added to the Institute-Initiated Awards subtotal as a distinct category.

‡ Numbers do not add to subtotal because line-items exclude NIH assessments.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* $ 663.2 $ 669.7 $ 725.0 $ 815.5 $ 835.3 $ 930.5 $1,023.6 $1,188.6 $1,388.8 $1,521.4 $1,616.1

Research Career Programs 23.1 25.1 25.7 28.9 28.9 36.1 46.3 53.0 57.5 63.5 65.8

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards 686.3 694.8 750.7 844.4 864.2 966.6 1,069.9 1,241.6 1,446.3 1,584.9 1,681.9

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 209.0 226.4 231.9 216.8 236.8 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4

 Centers† 96.6 101.5 107.0 87.5 87.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9

R&D Contracts (RFP) 117.5 118.3 125.9 116.7 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated 

Awards 326.5 344.7 357.8 333.5 358.7 339.9 473.9 530.2 570.8 679.6 780.9

Training

Individual Awards 6.2 7.2 7.1 7.3 6.8 7.6 9.2 8.9 8.9 9.5 8.6

Institutional Awards 37.2 40.0 40.0 40.2 42.0 42.0 50.3 55.2 63.4 69.7 75.5

Subtotal, Training‡ 44.3 48.2 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8

Total, Extramural $1,057.1 $1,087.7 $1,156.5 $1,226.4 $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Investigator-Initiated Awards

Investigator-Initiated Grants* 62.7% 61.6% 62.7% 66.5% 65.6% 68.6% 63.8% 64.7% 66.4% 64.9% 63.4%

Research Career Programs 

(K04, K06)

2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6

Subtotal, Investigator-Initiated 

Awards

64.9 63.9 64.9 68.9 67.9 71.2 66.7 67.6 69.2 67.6 66.0

Institute-Initiated Awards

Institute-Initiated Grants (RFA) 19.8 20.8 20.1 17.7 18.6 16.4 17.2 17.9 16.8 18.0 19.2

 Centers† 9.1 9.3 9.3 7.1 6.9 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5

R&D Contracts (RFP) 11.1 10.9 10.9 9.5 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4

Subtotal, Institute-Initiated Awards 30.9 31.7 30.9 27.2 28.2 25.0 29.5 28.9 27.3 29.0 30.6

Training

Individual Awards 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

Institutional Awards 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Subtotal, Training‡ 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
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Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

75

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Research Grants* $ 798.7 $ 849.7 $ 875.7 $ 918.7 $ 992.3 $1,075.4 $1,226.7 $1,446.7 $1,669.8 $1,878.0 $2,033.4

Centers 96.6 101.5 107.0 106.7 108.7 114.4 119.9 123.8 127.2 128.2 138.9

R&D Contracts 117.5 118.3 125.9 120.9 121.9 116.7 197.2 201.3 220.1 258.3 290.5

Research Training 44.3 48.2 48.0 48.5 49.8 50.6 60.8 65.4 73.7 79.2 85.8

Total, Extramural $1,057.1 $1,117.7 $1,156.6 $1,194.8 $1,272.7 $1,357.1 $1,604.6 $1,837.2 $2,090.8 $2,343.7 $2,548.6

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Research Grants*

(Excluding Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Dollars in Millions

Year
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 8. Long-Term Trends

76

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Extramural Research Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes Research Career Programs; does not include Centers.

Note: Numbers may not add to total due to rounding.

Percent of Total Extramural Budget

Fiscal Year

Funding Mechanism 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Research Grants* 75.6% 76.0% 75.7% 76.9% 78.0% 79.2% 76.4% 78.7% 79.9% 80.1% 79.8%

Centers 9.1 9.1 9.3 8.9 8.5 8.4 7.5 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.5

R&D Contracts 11.1 10.6 10.9 10.1 9.6 8.6 12.3 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.4

Research Training 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4

Total, Extramural 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

Research Grants*

(Excluding

Centers)

Centers

R&D Contracts 

Research Training

Percent of Extramural Funds
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

77

NHLBI Research Grants by Funding Mechanism: Fiscal Year 2003

NHLBI Total Research Grants by Category

Number of 

Grants

Total Cost 

(Dollars in 

Thousands)

Percent of Total 

NHLBI Research 

Grant Dollars

Research Project Grants (RPGs)

Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs)

Regular Research Grants (R01) 3,583 $1,270,296 58.48%

Small Research Grants (R03) 4 344 0.02

Program Project Grants (P01) 191 339,371 15.62

Cooperative Agreements (U01) 253 198,248 9.13

Area Grants (R15) 21 2,963 0.14

Explorative Developmental Grant (R21) 50 10,572 0.49

Method to Extend Research in Time (R37) 81 30,900 1.42

Exploratory/Developmental Grants Phase II (R33) 4 1,256 0.06

Subtotal, Research Project Grants (Excluding Small Business RPGs) 4,187 1,853,950 85.34

Small Business Research Project Grants

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase I) (R41) 11 1,400 0.06

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR Phase II) (R42) 7 2,438 0.11

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase I) (R43) 104 13,062 0.60

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR Phase II) (R44) 117 49,351 2.27

Subtotal, Small Business Research Project Grants 239 66,251 3.05

Subtotal, Research Project Grants 4,426 1,920,201 88.39

Research Center Grants 

Exploratory Grants (P20) 2 1,561 0.07

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) 65 114,044 5.25

Animal Model and Animal and Biological Material Resource Grants (P40) — 425 0.02

Sickle Cell Centers (U54) 10 20,605 0.95

Center for AIDS Research (P30) — 2,306 0.11

Subtotal, Research Center Grants 77 138,941 6.40

Research Career Programs 

Mentored Research Development Award for Minority Faculty (K01) 49 6,411 0.30

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Award (K01) 7 991 0.05

Independent Scientist Award (K02) 32 3,099 0.14

Research Career Award (K06) 2 69 0.00

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) 9 1,472 0.07

Clinical Investigator Scientist Award (K08) 240 30,288 1.39

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research (K18) 1 243 0.01

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23) 110 14,571 0.67

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24) 38 4,368 0.20

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25) 9 1,195 0.06

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) 55 3,110 0.14

Subtotal, Research Career Programs 552 65,817 3.03

Other Research Grants

Cooperative Clinical Research (U10, R10) 24 21,772 1.00

Minority Biomedical Research Support (S06, S14, R25) — 3,600 0.17

Biomedical Research Support (S07) — 3,171 0.15

Other (R09, R13, R18, R24, R25, T15, U09, U24, UH1) 53 18,812 0.87

Subtotal, Other Research Grants 77 47,355 2.18

Total, NHLBI Research Grants 5,132 $2,172,314 100%

9. Research Grants

Other Research 

Grants

2.2%

Research 

Career 

Programs

3.0%

Research 

Centers Grants

6.4%

Research 

Project Grants

88.4%
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

78

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Research Project Grant,* Research Centers Grant, and Other Research Grant Obligations: 

Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, R37, R43, and R44; R03 and R41 beginning in 1994; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and 

R33 beginning in 2001.

† Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessment of $4,435,000.

‡ Includes Research Career Programs; excludes General Research Support Grants.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996† 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Research 

Project 

Grants*

$752,978 $797,092 $819,674 $ 862,027 $ 935,322 $1,009,152 $1,142,473 $1,356,034 $1,580,751 $1,779,573 $1,920,201

Research 

Centers 

Grants

 96,628 101,535 106,980 106,688 108,665 114,397 119,889 123,803 127,232 128,161 138,941

Other 

Research 

Grants‡

 45,654 52,576 55,974 56,692 56,993 66,234 84,219 90,666 88,958 98,460 113,172

Total $895,260 $951,203 $982,628 $1,025,407 $1,100,980 $1,189,783 $1,346,581 $1,570,503 $1,796,941 $2,006,194 $2,172,314

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Research Project Grants

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants

Dollars in Millions

Year

†

Research Project Grants *

Research Centers Grants

Other Research Grants
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

79

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Total Cost Dollars Reviewed and Awarded

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, and R37; R03 beginning in 1994; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Applications Reviewed $724.3 $715.0 $710.3 $699.2 $802.1 $687.1 $867.1 $809.8 $851.7 $1,221.7 $1,262.5

Awarded 158.0 180.4 207.5 182.1 240.1 252.4 330.4 418.4 424.3 437.4 463.7

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Applications Review ed

Aw arded

Dollars in Millions

Year

Applications Reviewed
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

80

NHLBI Competing Research Project Grant Applications*: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Number Reviewed and Awarded

Number Reviewed and Awarded and Percent Funded

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, and R37; R03 beginning in 1994; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Percent of Reviewed Applications Funded (Success Rate)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Applications Reviewed 3,072 2,801 2,744 2,605 2,771 2,657 2,704 2,893 2,895 3,064 3,098

RPGs Awarded 673 655 740 652 821 837 959 1,003 1,033 1,018 1,064

Success Rate (percent) 21.9 23.4 27.0 25.0 29.6 31.5 35.5 34.7 35.7 33.2 34.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Percent

Year

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Review ed

Aw arded

Number of Applications

Year

Reviewed

Awarded
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Chapter 9. Research Grants

81

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated and Institute-Initiated Grant Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, R37, R43, and R44; R03 and R41 beginning in 1994; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; 

and R33 beginning in 2001.

† Includes Centers Grants and Cooperative Agreement RFAs. 

‡ Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $4,435,000.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Investigator-Initiated* $692.8 $724.8 $750.7 $ 804.1 $ 867.9 $ 966.6 $1,069.9 $1,241.6 $1,446.2 $1,584.9 $1,681.9

Institute-Initiated† 202.5 226.4 231.9 216.8 233.0 223.2 276.7 328.9 350.7 421.3 490.4

Total $895.3 $951.2 $982.6 $1,020.9‡ $1,100.9 $1,189.8 $1,346.6 $1,570.5 $1,796.9 $2,006.2 $2,172.3

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants

Dollars in Millions

Year

*

†

Investigator-Initiated

Research Grants

Institute-Initiated

Research Grants
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

82

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Amount Funded by Type of Award, Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, and R37; R03 beginning in 1994; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

Facility and Administrative (F&A)* Costs of NHLBI Research Project Grants†: 

Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Previously called Indirect Cost.

† Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, and R37; R03 beginning in 1994; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; and R33 beginning in 2001.

‡ Excludes Program Evaluation Assessment of $1,216,000.

Dollars (Millions)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Competing

New Competing $ 89.9 $ 99.7 $111.1 $ 90.5 $135.8 $147.5 $ 202.0 $ 266.4 $ 280.0 $ 291.2 $285.5

Renewal Competing 79.1 79.6 94.5 90.4 104.0 103.9 127.2 152.0 143.9 143.9 177.2

Competing Supplements 0.6 1.1 1.9 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.4 2.3 1.0

Subtotal, Competing 169.6 180.4 207.5 182.1 240.1 252.4 330.4 419.3 424.3 437.4 463.7

Noncompeting

Subtotal, Noncompeting 583.4 599.9 588.4 649.9 662.4 721.3 770.6 889.3 1,101.5 1,281.3 1,390.3

Total, Competing and 

Noncompeting $753.0 $780.3 $795.9 $832.0 $902.5 $973.7 $1,101.0 $1,308.6 $1,525.8 $1,718.7 $1,854.0

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year Direct Cost F&A Cost† Total Cost

F&A Cost as a 

Percent of Direct Cost

1993 $ 516,022 $ 236,956 $ 752,978 45.9%

1994 534,374 245,965 780,339 46.0

1995 543,502 252,423 795,925 46.4

1996 564,219 267,785 832,004 47.5

1997 611,576 290,915 902,491 47.6

1998 660,009 313,765 973,774 47.5

1999 764,198 336,756‡ 1,100,954 44.1

2000 891,244 417,312 1,308,556 46.8

2001 1,045,144 480,673 1,525,817 46.0

2002 1,182,408 536,324 1,718,732 45.4

2003 1,276,819 577,131 1,853,950 45.2
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

83

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Research Project Grants*: Average Costs, Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* Includes R01, U01, P01, R29, R37, R43, and R44; R03 and R41 beginning in 1994; R55 in 1995–1996; R15 and R42 beginning in 1996; R21 beginning in 1997; 

and R33 beginning in 2001.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Noncompeting $281.0 $294.8 $312.8 $317.5 $323.0 $322.6 $323.4 $346.6 $390.7 $418.8 $444.4

Competing 252.0 275.5 280.4 279.3 292.5 301.6 344.5 418.0 410.8 409.1 406.7

Total $273.9 $290.1 $303.7 $308.3 $314.2 $316.9 $329.4 $366.6 $396.1 $416.2 $433.8

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Noncompeting

Competing

Total

Dollars in Thousands

Year

Noncompeting

Competing

Total
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

84

NHLBI Cooperative Agreements (U01, U10) Programs

Cooperative Agreements were instituted to support discrete, circumscribed projects in areas of an investigator’s specific 

interest and competency with substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the activity.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2003

Total FY 2003 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION) $ 7,489,394 $ 9,581,688 $ 17,071,082

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study (ACES) 7,666,911 1,137,313 8,804,224

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics 

(BARI 2D)

19,099,816 8,189,120 27,288,936

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases 1,235,343 621,819 1,857,162

Dietary Macronutrients and Weight Loss — 1,211,724 1,211,724

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 3,197,140 774,582 3,971,722

Family Blood Pressure Program 67,501,440 8,903,639 76,405,079

Family Heart Study—Subclinical Atherosclerosis Network (FHS-SCAN) 6,692,242 2,172,221 8,864,463

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives (GOCADAN) 5,555,375 1,663,435 7,218,810

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS) 10,237,057 2,461,487 12,698,544

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery 1,626,224 589,621 2,215,845

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT) 3,566,730 5,433,157 8,999,887

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, 

Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders 

10,727,651 14,388,563 25,116,214

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dysplasia 3,345,345 1,433,590 4,778,935

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT) 14,298,450 1,963,003 16,261,453

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network 8,269,577 5,380,652 13,650,229

Pharmacogenetics Research Network 16,680,369 8,340,917 25,021,286

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy 37,097,010 12,063,952 49,160,962

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Diseases

110,366,659 36,811,188 147,177,847

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS) 2,409,835 2,164,849 4,574,684

Strong Heart Study 38,855,307 4,428,138 43,283,445

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) 9,855,175 1,929,664 11,784,839

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) 5,709,397 6,542,012 12,251,409

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 16,024,722 5,828,313 21,853,035

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM) — 3,686,738 3,686,738

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) 3,008,819 1,306,092 4,314,911

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 410,515,988 149,007,477 559,523,465

Lung Diseases

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), Phase II — 8,181,429 8,181,429

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities 5,933,220 6,118,604 12,051,824

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase 2

— 1,489,491 1,489,491

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 20,496,205 5,609,827 26,106,032

Collaborative Programs in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 16,233,278 4,912,409 21,145,687

COPD Clinical Research Network — 6,843,405 6,843,405

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease 5,526,692 1,441,567 6,968,259

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease 5,128,526 1,604,333 6,732,859

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis 2,047,291 708,660 2,755,951

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment 8,007,228 2,840,148 10,847,376

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis-II (PIOPED II) 9,028,494 471,625 9,500,119

Sarcoidosis Genetic Linkage Consortium 7,094,662 833,103 7,927,765

Scleroderma Lung Study 5,802,482 1,054,741 6,857,223

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 85,298,078 42,109,342 127,407,420
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

85

Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network $ 11,259,414 $ 5,949,873 $ 17,209,287

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia 1,014,151 526,886 1,541,037

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease 927,748 509,405 1,437,153

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation 2,445,687 1,285,569 3,731,256

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2) 10,827,025 2,320,327 13,147,352

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 6,679,892 2,319,991 8,999,883

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 6,052,717 6,240,913 12,293,630

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 39,206,634 19,152,964 58,359,598

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES) 3,223,476 3,020,963 6,244,439

Sleep Heart Health Study 14,304,831 2,326,850 16,631,681

Subtotal, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 17,528,307 5,347,813 22,876,120

Total, NHLBI Cooperative Agreements $552,549,007 $215,617,596 $768,166,603

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2003

Total FY 2003 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

86

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise 

(ACTION), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to determine the long-term 

safety and effectiveness of exercise training for patients 

with heart failure. Patients receiving the exercise regimen also will receive standard care and will be compared 

with patients receiving standard care alone. The secondary objective is to determine the incidence and significance of exercise-related complications, the effect of 

training on exercise tolerance and quality of life, and the 

cost-effectiveness of training. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$9,581,688

Fiscal Year 2002—$7,489,394

Total Funding to Date—$17,071,082

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-063747

2. Case Western Reserve University

Henry Ford Health System 

Detroit, Michigan —HL-064250

3. Oregon Health & Science University

Portland, Oregon —HL-064257

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-064264

5. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-064265

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-066461

7. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-066482

8. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-066491

9. Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HL-066494

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham 

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-066497

11. Case Western Reserve University 

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-066501

12. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068973

13. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-068990

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this study is to determine whether 

treatment with the antibiotic, azithromycin, for 1 year 

will reduce the rate of nonfatal MI and CHD deaths over 

31⁄2 years in patients with documented coronary artery 

disease and serologic evidence of past infection with 

Chlamydia pneumoniae.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,137,313

Fiscal Years 1998–2002—$7,666,911

Total Funding to Date—$8,804,224

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-058706

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objectives of this study are to determine in patients 

with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease 

(1) whether early elective revascularization (angioplasty 

or CABG, as clinically indicated) improves survival compared to a more conservative approach—revascularization 

performed only when medically necessary and 

(2) whether glycemic control achieved by decreasing 

insulin resistance improves survival compared to glycemic control achieved by increasing insulin levels; 34 participants are from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,189,120

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$19,099,816

Total Funding to Date—$27,288,936

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-061744

2. St. Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-061746

3. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-061748

4. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HL-063804
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

87

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this Center is to provide expertise, 

sources, and resources to NHLBI-supported investigators who wish to evaluate viral and nonviral gene transfer strategies in nonhuman primates.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$621,819

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$1,235,343

Total Funding to Date—$1,857,162

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-069748

Dietary Macronutrients and Weight Loss, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 

four diets low in saturated fat and differing in macronutrient composition on weight loss and its maintenance in 

800 overweight or obese adults. The diet consists of 

moderate fat (35 percent energy) or low fat (20 percent 

energy) with two different protein levels (15 and 25 percent). Approximately 20 percent of the participants will 

be minority.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,211,724

Total Funding to date—$1,211,724

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Harvard School of Public Health

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-073286

Dynamic Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary 

Intervention, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

This program, which complements prior NHLBI percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 

registries and the New Approaches to Coronary Intervention Registry, is evaluating patterns of device usage, 

as well as immediate and follow-up outcomes in patients 

undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization. Results will provide guidance to the cardiology community in selecting appropriate therapies and in 

designing clinical trials to evaluate competing devices.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$774,582

Fiscal Years 1997–2002—$3,197,140

Total Funding to Date—$3,971,722

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-033292

Family Blood Pressure Program, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1995

The objectives of this program are to identify major 

genes associated with high blood pressure and to investigate the interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in defined populations, 

many of which consist of specific minority groups. The 

study consists of collaborative networks that share technology, data, skills, biological materials, and population 

resources.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,903,639

Fiscal Years 1995–2002—$67,501,440

Total Funding to Date—$76,405,079

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-054457

2. University of Mississippi 

Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HL-054463

3. Mayo Foundation

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-054464

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-054466

5. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-054471

6. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-054472

7. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-054473

8. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-054481
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

88

9. Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois —HL-054485

10. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-054495

11. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-054496

12. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-054497

13. Staub Pacific Health Foundation

Health Research Institute

Honolulu, Hawaii —HL-054498

14. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-054504

15. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-054508

16. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-054509

17. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-054512

18. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-054526

19. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-054527

20. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-064777

Family Heart Study—Subclinical 

Atherosclerosis Network (FHS-SCAN),* 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this program is to examine vascular 

calcification and inflammation in patients who have previously been examined and extensively genotyped by the 

NHLBI Family Heart Study, in order to identify genetic 

factors influencing susceptibility to coronary and aortic 

atherosclerosis and individual variability in the inflammatory response. The study includes approximately 600 

blacks.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,172,221

Fiscal Years 2001–2002—$6,692,242

Total Funding to Date—$8,864,463

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-067893

2. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-067894

3. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-067895

4. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-067896

5. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-067897

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-067898 

7. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-067899

8. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-067900 

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-067901

10. University of Texas 

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HL-067902

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan 

Natives (GOCADAN), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The purpose of this study is to document CVD and 

CVD risk factors in approximately 40 extended families 

(1,200 members from villages in Northern Alaska). Scientists seek to identify and characterize genes that contribute to CVD in this unique and understudied 

population.

Obligations

Funding History

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,663,435

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$5,555,375

Total Funding to Date—$7,218,810

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute 

Washington, DC —HL-064244

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine which 

hematocrit level—30 versus 20 percent—provides the 

optimal degree of hemodilution during infant open heart 

surgery to repair congenital heart defects. Scientists will 

compare the effects of the two hematocrit levels with 

* Formerly called Genetics of Coronary and Aortic Calcification (GENCAC).
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

89

respect to cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the infants during the immediate postoperative 

period and at 1 year of age.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$589,621

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$1,626,224

Total Funding to Date—$2,215,845

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital, Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-063411

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this trial is to compare standard 

response (call 911 and give cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to sudden cardiac arrest to standard response 

augmented with automatic external defibrillator use provided by spouses or other family members in 7,000 survivors of an anterior wall MI. The primary end-point is 

mortality. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,433,157

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,566,730

Total Funding to Date—$8,999,887

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 

Seattle, Washington —HL-067972

Interaction of Genes and Environment in 

Shaping Risk Factors for Heart, Lung, Blood, 

and Sleep Disorders, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this study is to identify novel genes 

that interact with specific environmental exposures to 

modify risk factors for heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. The genetic aspects of response to environmental 

change, and related biological mechanisms, will be studied using short-term, focused interventions in families. 

Subgroups will be identified based on genotype who are 

most likely to benefit from targeted environmental 

changes designed to reduce the development or progression of heart, lung, blood, or sleep diseases. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$14,388,563

Fiscal Year 2002—$10,727,651

Total Funding to Date—$25,116,214

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Tulane University 

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072507

2. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-072510

3. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072525

4. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072518

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072524

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this multidisciplinary, multicenter 

study is to investigate the cardiac, clinical, and genetic 

aspects of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 

(ARVD). A North American ARVD registry of patients 

and their families will be established. Researchers seek 

to identify chromosomal loci and specific genetic mutations associated with this disorder.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,433,590

Fiscal Year 2001–2002—$3,345,345

Total Funding to Date—$4,778,935

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-065594

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-065652

3. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-065961

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1999

The objective of this study is to determine whether 

percutaneous revascularization to open an occluded 

artery within a few days or as long as a month following 

an acute MI in asymptomatic patients improves their out-
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

90

come. While the benefits of early restoration of blood 

flow following an acute MI have been well established, it 

is not known whether later intervention is also beneficial.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,963,003

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$14,298,450

Total Funding to Date—$16,261,453

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-062257

2. St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Institute 

for Health Science

New York, New York —HL-062509

3. Maryland Medical Research Institute

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-062511

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

 See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Initiated 

in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a network to 

systematically evaluate candidate genes that may influence pharmacologic response to drug treatments for 

arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, and lipid disorders. Investigators seek to identify gene polymorphisms 

capable of predicting drug toxicity and efficacy. One of 

the projects has 50-percent minority participation.

Obligations 

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,340,917

Fiscal Years 2001–2002—$16,680,369

Total Funding to Date—$25,021,286

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

2. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-065962

3. University of California, Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-069757

4. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-069758

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of these programs is to create an environment that will enable rapid translation of preclinical 

studies in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic 

diseases into human pilot experiments. In addition, the 

programs are offering training at the interface between 

basic science and clinical application. Six national cores 

provide access to specialized services, such as generating 

vectors for clinical use, performing morphologically based 

studies, producing and processing hematopoietic stem 

cells, and performing primate transplantation studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$12,063,952

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$37,097,010

Total Funding to Date—$49,160,962

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066947

2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-066948

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-066949

4. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-066952

5. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-067738

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for 

Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2000

The goal of this program is to develop information, 

tools, and resources to link genes to biological function. 

In addition, the PGAs will establish training programs 

for NHLBI-supported investigators in the use of 

genomic information and technologies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$36,811,188

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$110,366,659

Total Funding to Date—$147,177,847
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

91

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-066579

2. Institute for Genomic Research

Rockville, Maryland —HL-066580

3. Harvard University School of Medicine

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066582

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-066583

5. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-066588

6. University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, California —HL-066590

7. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-066600

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-066604

9. Jackson Laboratory

Bar Harbor, Maine —HL-066611

10. The George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-066613

11. Children’s Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-066614

12. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-066615

13. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066617

14. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-066618

15. Institute for Genomic Research

Rockville, Maryland —HL-066619

16. Jackson Laboratory

Bar Harbor, Maine —HL-066620

17. J. David Gladstone Institutes

San Francisco, California —HL-066621

18. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-066623

19. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-066642

20. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066678

21. University of California, Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066681

22. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-066682

23. University of California, Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066691

24. University of California, Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066713

25. University of California, Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066727

26. University of California, Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066728

27. University of California, Berkeley

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, California —HL-066729

28. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-066735

29. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066795

30. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066796

31. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066800

32. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066801

33. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066803

34. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066804

35. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-066805

36. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066806

37. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-066880

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study 

(SANDS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to compare a treatment of 

aggressively lowering LDL cholesterol (goal less than or 

equal to 75 mg/dL) and blood pressure (goal less than or 

equal to 115/75 mmHg) to standard care in a population 

of diabetic American Indians with CVD, but who have 

relatively low levels of LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,164,849

Fiscal Year 2002—$2,409,835

Total Funding to Date—$4,574,684

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. MedStar Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-067031

Strong Heart Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1988

The objectives of this study are to survey CVD morbidity and mortality rates among three geographically 

diverse groups of American Indians and to estimate their 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

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92

levels of CVD risk factors. Phases II and III of the 

cohort study extended surveillance of community mortality and assessed development of CVD and changes in 

CVD risk factors. In Phase III, investigators added a 

substudy of asthma and a pilot family study. The purpose of Phase IV is to enlarge the family study to 120 

families comprising 3,600 members to investigate 

genetic and environmental contributors of CVD.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2003—$4,428,138

Fiscal Years 1988–2002—$38,855,307

Total Funding to Date—$43,283,445

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. MedStar Research Institute

Washington, DC —HL-041642

2. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-041652

3. University of Oklahoma

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-041654

4. Southwest Foundation for

Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-065520

5. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-065521

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial 

(SCD-HeFT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

The purpose of this study is to determine whether survival among heart failure patients is improved by the 

treatment with amiodarone or implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator compared to conventional therapy.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,929,664

Fiscal Years 1997–2002—$9,855,175

Total Funding to Date—$11,784,839

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-055297

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-055496

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-055766

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The objectives of this multicenter, international, randomized trial are twofold: (1) to determine whether 

CABG plus intensive medical therapy compared to medical therapy alone improves long-term survival in 

patients with heart failure and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who have coronary artery disease amenable to 

surgical revascularization; and (2) to determine whether 

CABG plus surgical ventricular restoration to a more 

normal LV size compared to CABG alone improves survival free of subsequent hospitalization in patients with 

anterior LV dysfunction.

Obligations:

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$6,542,012

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,709,397

Total Funding to Date—$12,251,409

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Jefferson Medical College 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069009

2. Mayo Clinic 

Rochester, Minnesota —HL-069010

3. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069011

4. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-069012

5. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069013

6. Duke University 

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069015

7. University of Southern California 

Los Angeles, California —HL-072683

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this multicenter trial is to evaluate the 

effectiveness of two strategies to maintain weight loss 

for 21⁄2 years in approximately 800 overweight or obese 

adults. Individuals who are taking medication for hypertension of dyslipidemia or who are diabetic will enter a 

6-month weight program. Those who lose at least 

9 pounds will be randomized into one of three groups: 
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one that provides monthly personal contacts with a 

trained interventionist, primarily by telephone; one that 

provides frequent contacts through an interactive Webbased program; or usual care. Forty percent of the participants will be black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$3,686,738

Total Funding to Date—$3,686,738

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Center for Health Research

Portland, Oregon —HL-068676

2. Duke Hypertensive Center

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068734

3. Center for Health Research

Portland, Oregon —HL-068790

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-068920

5. LSU Pennington Biomedical 

Research Center

Baton Rouge, Louisiana —HL-068955

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to extend the follow-up of 

WISE patients to determine the incremental long-term 

prognostic value of novel testing developed in WISE, 

develop sex-specific incremental outcome models to 

evaluate the prognostic value of female reproductive 

variables, and to maintain a WISE database and infrastructure to facilitate further investigations into the 

mechanisms underlying ischemic syndromes in women.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,306,092

Fiscal Years 2001–2003—$3,008,819

Total Funding to Date—$4,314,911

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-064829

2. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-064914

3. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-064924

Lung Diseases Program

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 

Phase II, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The objective of ACRN, Phase I was to establish a 

network of interactive asthma clinical research groups to 

assess novel treatment methods and to ensure that findings on optimal management of patients with asthma are 

rapidly disseminated to practitioners and health care professionals. A new program was funded in 2003 as a 

result of a national competition for participation in the 

successful 10-year-old asthma clinical research network. The minority patient population will be approximately 33 percent for each protocol.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,181,429

Total Funding to Date—$8,181,429

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Medical

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-074073

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074204

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074206

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-074208

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-074212

6. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-074218

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-074225

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074227

9. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-074231

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to establish cooperative 

centers of research to reduce asthma disparities between 

whites and minorities and economically disadvantaged 

populations. The mission of the centers, comprising 

partnerships between minority servicing medical institutions and research-intensive institutions, is to promote 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

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94

interdisciplinary investigation of factors that contribute 

to disparities in asthma, accelerate development and 

evaluation of strategies to promote effective asthma 

management among minority and economically disadvantaged populations, encourage training and career 

development for minority clinical research investigators, 

and improve the effectiveness of NHLBI-supported 

research-intensive institutions in developing and sustaining culturally appropriate research and demonstration 

activities on reducing disparities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$6,118,604

Fiscal Year 2002—$5,933,220

Total Funding to Date—$12, 051,824

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Meharry Medical College 

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-072431

2. Howard University 

Washington, DC —HL-072433

3. Rhode Island Hospital 

Providence, Rhode Island —HL-072438

4. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072455

5. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HL-072471

6. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-072478

7. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072494

8. Center for Community Health 

Education, Research, and Service 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072495

9. Hektoen Institute for Medical Research 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-072496

10. University of Puerto Rico 

Medical Sciences 

San Juan, Puerto Rico —HL-072519

Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase 2, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The objectives of this observational study are to follow the original CAMP cohort for 4 more years into 

early adulthood to determine the effects of long-term 

(3.5 to 5.5 years) corticosteroid therapy, started at ages 

5–12, on outcomes of pulmonary function, height, bone 

density, and clinical course of asthma; 31 percent of the 

participants are from minority groups.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,489,491

Total Funding to Date—$1,489,491

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-075232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-075407

3. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075408

4. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HL-075409

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-075415

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-075416

7. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-075417

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075419

9. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-075420

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary 

Dysplasia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objectives of this program are to support a multiinstitutional collaborative research effort—by providing 

a well-defined model of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia to investigators—and to study mechanisms of lung pathobiology that underlie development of 

chronic lung disease of prematurity.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2003—$4,912,409

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$16,223,278

Total Funding to Date—$21,145,687

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Southwest Foundation 

for Biomedical Research

San Antonio, Texas —HL-052636

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-052638
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3. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-056061

4. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-056263

5. Barnes Jewish Hospital

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-063387

6. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-063397

7. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-063399

8. University of Rochester

Rochester, New York —HL-063400

9. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-075900

10. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-075904

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether low-dose inhaled nitric oxide (NO), administered within the first 48 hours of life to premature newborns (weighing between 500 and 1,250 grams) with 

respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, will 

prevent development of chronic lung disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,441,567

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$5,526,692

Total Funding to Date—$6,968,259

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. The Children’s Hospital

University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HL-064857

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine 

whether low-dose inhaled NO, administered to preterm 

infants (weighing between 500 and 1,250 grams) who 

continue to require mechanical ventilation at 14 days of 

age, will reduce the incidence of chronic lung disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,604,333

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$5,128,526

Total Funding to Date—$6,732,859

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-062514

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify a group of 

genetic loci that may subsequently prove to contain 

novel genes involved in the development of familial pulmonary fibrosis. Investigators will use standard genetic 

methodology (linkage analysis) to determine the distribution of polymorphisms for genetic markers in families 

with familial pulmonary fibrosis.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$708,660

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$2,047,291

Total Funding to Date—$2,755,951

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-067467

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this project is to bring together 

research experts in asthma, epidemiology, statistics, bioinformatics, physiology, clinical trials, genetics, and 

genomics to focus on the pharmacogenetics of asthma 

treatment.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,840,148

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$8,007,228

Total Funding to Date—$10,847,376
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Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065899

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis-II (PIOPED II), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this multicenter collaborative study is 

to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and 

negative predictive values of spiral computed tomography for diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism; 30 percent of the patients are expected to be from minority 

populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$471,625

Fiscal Years 2000–2001—$9,028,494

Total Funding to Date—$9,500,119

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-063899

2. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-063928

3. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-063931

4. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-063932

5. University of Calgary

Calgary, Alberta —HL-063940

6. Henry Ford Health Sciences Center

Detroit, Michigan —HL-063941

7. The George Washington University

Washington, DC —HL-063942

8. Weill Medical College of

Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-063981

9. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-063982

10. St. Joseph Mercy-Oakland

Pontiac, Michigan —HL-067453

Sarcoidosis Genetic Linkage Consortium, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this multicenter study is to identify 

sarcoidosis susceptibility genes and determine how these 

genes and environmental risk factors interact to cause 

sarcoidosis.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2003—$833,103

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$7,094,662

Total Funding to Date—$7,927,765

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Case Western Reserve University

Henry Ford Health Sciences Center

Detroit, Michigan —HL-060263

Scleroderma Lung Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy 

and safety of cyclophosphamide versus placebo for the 

prevention and progression of symptomatic pulmonary 

disease in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,054,741

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$5,802,482

Total Funding to Date—$6,857,223

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Medicine 

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Piscataway, New Jersey —HL-060550

2. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-060587

3. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-060597

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-060606

5. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-060682

6. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-060750

7. Georgetown University

Washington, DC —HL-060794

8. University of Texas

Houston, Texas —HL-060839

9. University of Illinois

Chicago, Illinois —HL-060895
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Blood Diseases and Resources

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell 

Anemia, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate a transplant 

procedure for SCD that significantly reduces the toxicity 

of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation while 

retaining its therapeutic benefit. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$526,886

Fiscal Years 2001–2002—$1,014,151

Total Funding to Date—$1,541,037

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-068091

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for 

Sickle Cell Disease, Initiated Fiscal Year 1997

The purpose of this study is to establish a reference 

laboratory that will evaluate potentially useful compounds for the treatment of SCD.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$509,405

Fiscal Years 2001–2002*—$927,748

Total Funding to Date—$1,437,153

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-058930

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish a cord blood 

bank for collecting sibling donor cord blood in families 

that currently have a child with sickle cell anemia or 

thalassemia with the intent of future transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,285,569

Fiscal Years 2001–2002—$2,445,687

Total Funding to Date—$3,731,256

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-061877

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP 2), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this study is to optimize, in high-risk 

patients with sickle cell anemia, the primary prevention 

strategy proven effective in STOP. Ninety-eight percent 

of the patients are expected to come from minority populations.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,320,327

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$10,827,025

Total Funding to Date—$13,147,352

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-052016

2. Medical College of Georgia

Augusta, Georgia —HL-052193

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

See Chapter 11. Clinical Trials.

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 

therapy to provide significant, stable, and long-term 

* Became U01 in 2001.
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98

neurocognitive or other benefits to patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Investigators will identify specific neurocognitive deficits associated with OSA and 

determine which ones are reversible and most sensitive to 

the effects of CPAP therapy.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$3,020,963

Fiscal Year 2002—$3,223,476

Total Funding to Date—$6,244,439

Current Active Organization and Grant Number

1. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-068060

Sleep Heart Health Study, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this multicenter observational study is 

to determine the degree to which sleep apnea is an independent or contributing risk factor for the development of 

cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,326,850

Fiscal Years 1999–2001—$14,304,831

Total Funding to Date—$16,631,681

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HL-053916

2. New York University Medical Center

New York, New York —HL-053931

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-053934

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-053937

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-053938

6. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-053941

7. Missouri Breaks Research, Inc.

Timberlake, South Dakota —HL-063429

8. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-063463

9. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-064360
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99

NHLBI Research Centers (P50, U54, P30) Programs

Specialized Centers of Research (P50) and Specialized Centers of Clinical Research (P50) Programs

The NHLBI initiated the Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) program in 1971 to encourage translational 

research—converting basic science findings to the clinic—in high priority areas. The SCOR concept emphasizes multidisciplinary research (i.e., basic science and clinical investigations) on diseases relevant to the Institute’s mission. In 

2002, the NHLBI revised the SCOR program—primarily on recommendation from the NHLBAC—to place more 

emphasis on clinical research projects. The newly developed SCCOR program still requires clinical and basic scientists to work together on a unified theme, but now requires at least 50 percent of the projects to be clinical. Listed 

below is the funding history for the individual SCORs/SCCORs supported by the Institute.

Obligations (Dollars in Thousands)

Area of Concentration

Period of 

Operation

Prior to 

FY 2003 FY 2003

Total to 

Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks $ 1995– $ 21,316 $ 3,018 $ 24,334

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart Failure 1995– 113,769 14,846 128,615

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension 1996– 62,975 9,686 72,661

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis 1997– 43,572 8,280 51,852

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases 1993– 44,115 6,710 50,825

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 285,747 42,540 328,287

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Lung Injury 1994– 75,286 6,603 81,889

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis 1988– 51,821 3,425 55,246

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma 1996– 72,001 15,236 87,237

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease 1997– 28,561 5,166 33,727

Pathobiology of Lung Development 1996– 48,045 7,223 55,268

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury (SCCOR) 2003– — 11,502 11,502

Subtotal, Lung Diseases Program 275,714 49,155 324,869

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology 1995– 34,433 5,593 40,026

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders 1996– 155,221 7,218 162,439

Transfusion Biology and Medicine 1996– 55,745 3,094 58,569

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources Program 245,129 15,905 261,034

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea 1998– 22,820 6,210 29,030

Subtotal, National Center on Sleep Disorders Research 22,820 6,210 29,030

Total, Specialized Centers of Research (P50) $829,410 $113,810 $943,220
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100

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks

The purpose of this SCOR is to promote interdisciplinary study of issues surrounding ischemic heart disease 

in blacks. Investigators are using a combination of 

approaches, including molecular, cellular, and genetic 

studies; animal experiments; and human studies to 

advance knowledge in this area.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$3,017,569

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Boston University 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-055993

2. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-065203

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, 

Heart Failure

 The purpose of this SCOR is to encourage creative, 

interdisciplinary approaches to elucidation of the etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels and the translation of 

research findings into improved diagnosis, treatment, 

and prevention. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$14,846,487

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University 

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-052307

2. University of Cincinnati 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-052318

3. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HL-052319

4. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-052320

5. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-052338

6. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-053773

7. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —HL-054313

8. New England Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-063494

9. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-063609

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension

The goals of five SCOR projects are to study the 

molecular genetics of hypertension, to provide understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension, and to apply new knowledge for the improved 

diagnosis and management of the disease.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$9,685,907

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-054998

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-055000

3. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-055001

4. University of Iowa Hospitals

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-055006

5. Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut —HL-055007

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis

The goal of this SCOR is to advance understanding of 

the etiology and pathobiology of the atherosclerotic 

lesion at the molecular level through modern methods 

and approaches of molecular medicine. Some of the subprojects have a large minority patient population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,280,229

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Columbia University

New York, New York —HL-056984

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-056985

3. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-056989

4. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070128

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases

The purpose of this SCOR is to apply innovative 

approaches to elucidate the etiology and pathophysiology of pediatric CVD. Research findings will be trans-
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

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101

lated into improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention 

of CVD in children.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$6,709,649

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-061006

2. University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-061033

3. Harvard University

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-061036

4. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-062177

5. University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-062178

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Lung Injury

The objective of this SCOR is to examine biochemical, immunological, and physiological mechanisms associated with acute lung injury and repair to improve the 

diagnosis, management, and prevention of ARDS.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$6,602,741

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of California, San Diego 

La Jolla, California —HL-023584

2. University of Washington 

Seattle, Washington —HL-030542

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-050152

4. University of Utah 

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-050153

5. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-060289

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic 

Fibrosis

The goals of this SCOR are to investigate the basic 

mechanisms underlying cystic fibrosis, develop new 

hypotheses, and apply innovative strategies for 

approaching clinical and fundamental issues.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$3,424,909

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-060280

2. University of Iowa 

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-061234

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma

The objective of this SCOR program is to apply critical science and technology to increase understanding of 

cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma, including 

those mechanisms underlying the biological impact of 

environmental factors.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$15,236,019

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HL-056384

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-056385

3. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-056396

4. University of Chicago 

Chicago, Illinois —HL-056399

5. Washington University 

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-056419

6. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-067663

7. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-067664

8. University of Arizona 

Tucson, Arizona —HL-067672

9. Stanford University 

Stanford, California —HL-067674

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease

The purpose of this SCOR is to study cellular and 

molecular mechanisms involved in transition from 

inflammatory events associated with early fibrotic disease to later processes involving wound healing, repair, 

and fibrosis.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,165,589
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

102

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Michigan 

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-056402

2. University of California, Los Angeles 

Los Angeles, California —HL-067665

3. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center 

Denver, Colorado —HL-067671

Pathobiology of Lung Development

The objective of this program is to foster multidisciplinary research enabling basic science findings to be 

more rapidly applied to clinical problems related to lung 

development. The program focuses on identification of 

the molecular variables involved in lung development 

and assessment of the impact of injury during critical 

periods.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$7,223,228

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital Medical Center 

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-056387

2. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-056401

3. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-057144

4. Children’s Hospital of Boston 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-067669

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury

The purpose of this SCCOR is to foster multidisciplinary research to improve the prevention, diagnosis, 

and treatment of acute lung injury and its more severe 

form—adult respiratory distress syndrome. This program includes phase II clinical trials and studies of 

molecular mechanisms of inflammation and coagulation, 

gene and protein expression, and cell and animal models 

of lung injury.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$11,502,100

Current Active Organization and Grant Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-073994

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HL-073996

3. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074005

4. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-074024

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology

The goal of this SCOR is to advance knowledge of 

basic stem cell biology in areas of stem cell isolation, 

quantitation by in vivo assay, in vitro and in vivo growth 

and replication, gene insertion, and engraftment.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,592,552

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Dana Farber Cancer Institute 

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-054785

2. Children’s Hospital 

Los Angeles, California —HL-054850

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-054881

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders

The purpose of this SCOR is to investigate pathogenic 

mechanisms involved in human thrombotic disease and 

to develop improved methods for its diagnosis and treatment. One of the studies has a large minority patient 

population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$7,227,831

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Mt. Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HL-054469

2. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-054500

3. University of Oklahoma 

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-054502

4. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HL-065967

Transfusion Biology and Medicine

This SCOR has been established to foster new 

approaches for improving the availability, efficacy, 

safety, and quality of blood and blood products for 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

103

therapeutic uses. One of the centers has a large minority 

population.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$3,094,110

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York Blood Center 

New York, New York —HL-054459

2. University of California, San Francisco 

San Francisco, California —HL-054476

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea

The objective of this SCOR is to integrate molecular, 

cellular, and genetic approaches to sleep control with 

clinical investigations on the etiology and pathogenesis 

of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. 

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$6,209,618

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Pennsylvania 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-060287

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-060292

3. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HL-060296
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 9. Research Grants

104

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (U54) Program

The Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers (CSCC) were instituted in FY 1972 to bridge the gap between research and 

service by combining basic and clinical research, clinical trials and applications training, and community service 

projects into one program. The patients recruited for the clinical studies are primarily from minority populations.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$20,604,758

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital and Research Center

Oakland, California —HL-070583

2. Thomas Jefferson University 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070585

3. Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc.

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-070587

4. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HL-070588

5. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-070590

6. University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California —HL-070595

7. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-070596

8. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-070769

9. Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —HL-070817

10. Boston Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-070819

11. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —HL-070994

Centers for AIDS Research (P30) Program

The NHLBI, along with five other NIH Institutes, contributes to the support of six Centers for AIDS Research that 

were established to provide a multidisciplinary environment that promotes basic, clinical, behavioral, and translational 

research activities in the prevention, detection, and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Almost half of the patient 

population comes from minority groups.

Obligations

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,306,271

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. New York University 

School of Medicine

New York, New York —AI-27742

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —AI-27757

3. University of California, San Francisco 

Givi Center for AIDS Research

San Francisco, California —AI-27763

4. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —AI-27767

5. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —AI-28697

6. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —AI-36214

7. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —AI-36219

8. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —AI-42845

9. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —AI-42851

10. Miriam Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island —AI-42853

11. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —AI-42855

12. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —AI-49366

13. Emory University 

Atlanta, Georgia —AI-50409

14. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —AI-50410

15. Yeshiva University

New York, New York —AI-51519

16. University of Colorado 

Health Sciences Center

Denver Colorado —AI-54907

17. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —AI-54999
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

105

NHLBI Research and Development Contract Obligations*: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* For detailed data on contract-supported clinical trials, see Chapter 11.

NHLBI Total Research and Development Contract Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

A Includes Program Evaluation Assessment of $4,250,000.

B Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $8,986,000.

C Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $12,589,000.

D Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $14,904,000.

E Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $17,944,000.

F Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $24,579,000.

G Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $35,827,000.

H Includes Program Evaluation and IMPAC II Assessments of $54,550,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Heart $ 66,717 $ 67,173 $ 70,178 $ 80,373 $ 84,820 $ 77,886 $ 93,270 $ 98,715 $125,291 $155,971 $195,425

Lung 18,552 21,957 15,414 21,032 18,183 13,123 25,432 23,341 10,993 16,578 11,745

Blood 32,280 29,122 40,324 19,522 18,934 25,695 15,436 21,538 24,572 26,751 20,082

Women’s 

Health 

Initiative

— — — — — — 63,100 57,700 59,200 59,000 63,222

Total $117,549 $118,252 $125,916 $120,927A $121,937B $116,704C $197,238D $201,294E $220,056F $258,300G $290,474H

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

Other R&D

Contracts

Major ContractSupported Clinical

Trials*

Dollars in Millions

10. Research and Development Contracts
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

106

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program 

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1985

The ARIC program is a large-scale, long-term program that is measuring associations of CHD risk factors 

with atherosclerosis by race, gender, and geographic 

location. It focuses on early detection of CVD before 

symptoms, heart attacks, or strokes occur. The project 

consists of two groups: a community surveillance component and a cohort component from four communities. 

Three of the cohort components represent the racial mix 

of their community, whereas the fourth is exclusively 

black.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,407,517

Fiscal Years 1985–2002—$113,055,635

Total Funding to Date—$118,463,152

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55015

2. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HC-55016

3. University of North Carolina

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55018

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-55019

5. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-55020

6. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-55021

7. University of Texas

Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HC-55022

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1988

The CHS is a population-based, longitudinal study of 

risk factors for the development and progression of CHD 

and stroke in elderly adults. Specific objectives for this 

phase of the project include identifying risk association 

with clinical disease by accumulation of events; determining whether presence or progression of subclinical 

disease (abnormalities detected noninvasively without 

signs or symptoms) are better predictors of clinical disease than traditional risk factors; identifying determinants of change in subclinical disease; and identifying 

Major NHLBI Research and Development Contracts by Program*: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2003

Total FY 2003 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) $113,055,635 $5,407,517 $118,463,152

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) 71,496,419 1,106,411 72,602,830

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA) 58,848,946 1,348,491 60,197,437

Framingham Study 43,564,115 12,584,106 56,148,221

Jackson Heart Study (JHS) 12,318,000 1,973,000 14,291,000

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS) 21,519,750 — 21,519,750

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 40,642,999 8,099,000 48,741,999

Protemomics Initiative 27,477,000 43,520,890 72,997,890

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium 4,185,000 5,815,000 10,000,000

Lung Diseases

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center — 2,700,000 2,700,000

Blood Diseases and Resources

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study 

(HEIRS) 20,949,352 2,983,300 23,932,652

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository 4,622,565 981,255 5,603,820

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) 67,796,152 977,973 68,774,125

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities — 4,095,764 4,095,764
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

107

characteristics of subgroups at low risk for developing 

CVD (in whom preventive measures may be unnecessary). Minority representation is sufficient to assess 

black-white differences.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,106,411

 Fiscal Years 1988–2002—$71,496,419

Total Funding to Date—$72,602,830

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-15103

2. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HC-75150

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-85079

4. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-85080

5. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-85081

6. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HC-85082

7. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —HC-85083

8. University of Vermont

Burlington, Vermont —HC-85086

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young 

Adults (CARDIA), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1984

The purpose of this study is to increase understanding 

of contributors to changes in CVD risk factors that occur 

during the critical years of transition from adolescence 

through young adulthood to middle age in a cohort of 

black and white young adults, aged 18 to 30 years in 

1985–1986. Currently, CARDIA is addressing questions 

about lifestyle/psychosocial/socioeconomic risk factors, 

race, genes, and inflammation in relation to subclinical 

disease.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,348,491

Fiscal Years 1984–2002—$58,848,946

Total Funding to Date—$60,197,437

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute 

Torrance, California —HC-05187

2. University of California at Irvine

Irvine, California —HC-45134

3. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-48047

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-48048

5. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-48049

6. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research

Oakland, California —HC-48050

7. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-95095

Framingham Study

The orginal Framingham Study was designed as a longitudinal investigation of constitutional and environmental factors influencing the development of CVD in 

individuals free of these conditions at the outset. Of the 

original 5,209 subjects, 500 members still remain. In 

1971, the Framingham Offspring Study was initiated to 

assess familial and genetic factors associated with CHD. 

More than 5,000 offsprings (and their spouses) were 

included. A third-generation cohort (consisting of 3,500 

grandchildren) has been added to permit examination of 

numerous hypotheses about the familial clustering of 

CVD and CVD risk factors. Additional goals include 

identifying new risk factors for cardiovascular, lung, and 

blood diseases and developing new imaging tests that 

can detect very early stages of coronary atherosclerosis 

in otherwise healthy adults.

Obligations

Funding History:

 Fiscal Year 2003—$12,584,106

 Fiscal Years 1983–2002—$43,564,115

Total Funding to Date—$56,148,221

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Boston University Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-38038

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), Initiated in Fiscal 

Year 1998

The JHS is a single-site epidemiologic study of CVD 

in blacks, similar to established studies in Framingham, 

Massachusetts, and Honolulu, Hawaii, with primary 

goals of identifying risk factors for development and 

progression of CVD; enhancing recruitment, cohort 

retention, and scientific productivity of the existing Jackson site of the ARIC study; building research capabilities 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

108

at minority institutions; developing partnerships between 

minority and majority institutions; and expanding minority investigator participation in large-scale epidemiologic 

studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,973,000*

Fiscal Years 1998–2002—$12,318,000

Total Funding to Date—$14,291,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Jackson State University

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95170

2. Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HC-95171

3. Tougaloo College

Tougaloo, Mississippi —HC-95172

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The MGS provides genotyping to meritorious projects 

involving humans, mice, rats, zebrafish, and dogs in all 

disease areas. It provides genome-wide screens, using 

short tandem repeat polymorphisms, to assist in finding 

genes associated with health and disease. Currently, the 

capacity of the MGS is 7.7 million genotypes per year.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$0

Fiscal Years 1994–2002—$21,519,750

Total Funding to Date—$21,519,750

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Marshfield Medical Research and 

Educational Foundation

Marshfield, Wisconsin —HV-48141

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical CVD, 

i.e., disease detected noninvasively before it has produced clinical signs and symptoms, in a population that 

is 38 percent white, 28 percent black, 22 percent Hispanic, and 12 percent Asian. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,099,000

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$40,642,999

Total Funding to Date—$48,741,999

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95159

2. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HC-95160

3. Columbia University

New York, New York —HC-95161

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95162

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95163

6. Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois —HC-95164

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95165

8. University of Vermont

Colchester, Vermont —HC-95166

9. New England Medical Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HC-95167

10. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HC-95168

11. Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute

Los Angeles, California —HC-95169

Proteomics Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 

2002

The purpose of this program is to establish highly 

interactive, multidisciplinary centers to enhance and 

develop innovative proteomic technologies directed to 

relevant biologic questions associated with heart, lung, 

blood, and sleep health and disease. Scientists will focus 

on the cells’ protein machinery directed towards understanding the molecular basis of the causes and progression of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders and 

identifying targets for therapeutic interventions.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$43,520,890

Fiscal Year 2002—$29,477,000

Total Funding to Date—$72,997,890

* Additional funding is provided by the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD).
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

109

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HV-28178

2. Institute for Systems Biology

Seattle, Washington —HV-28179

3. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-28180

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HV-28181

5. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HV-28182

6. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HV-28183

7. University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas —HV-28184

8. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HV-28185

9. Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut —HV-28186

10. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the

Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. 

Rockville, Maryland —HV-28187

Translational Behavioral Science Research 

Consortium, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of interdisciplinary basic and applied social scientists to conduct research related to developing and testing 

theories from the behavioral or social sciences concerning cognitive, affective, motivational, developmental, 

and other factors and processes underlying human 

behavior. Acquired knowledge will be used to develop 

and test methods to encourage individuals to adopt and 

maintain a healthy lifestyle and manage behavioral risk 

factors for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep 

disorders.

Obligations

Funding History: 

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,815,000

Fiscal Year 2002—$4,185,421

Total Funding to Date—$10,000,000

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Weill Medical College 

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HC-25196

2. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

New York, New York —HC-25197

Lung Diseases Program

Tuberculosis Curriculum Coordinating Center, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this program is to establish a consortium of five Tuberculosis Curriculum Centers to 

strengthen and increase access to the best ongoing educational and training opportunities in TB for medical, 

nursing, and allied health schools, especially those that 

provide primary care to communities where TB is 

endemic and the population is at high risk.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,700,000

Total Funding to Date—$2,700,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-36157

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening 

Study (HEIRS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this project is to determine the prevalence of iron overload and hereditary hemochromatosis 

and to study genetic and environmental determinants and 

potential clinical, personal, and societal impact of the 

disorder.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,983,300

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$20,949,352

Total Funding to Date—$23,932,652

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-05185

2. Howard University

Washington, DC —HC-05186

3. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HC-05188

4. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —HC-05189

5. University of California at Irvine

Irvine, California —HC-05190

6. London Health Science Centre

Ontario, Canada —HC-05191
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 10. Research and Development Contracts

110

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-05192

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen 

Repository, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1998

The purpose of this project is to establish an NHLBI 

Biological Specimen Repository for blood specimens 

from Institute-supported research. The Repository monitors storage, labeling, and testing of the specimens, as 

well as administers safe shipment of precise sample aliquots to approved investigators for future studies.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$981,255

Fiscal Years 1998–2002—$4,622,565

Total Funding to Date—$5,603,820

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. BBI-Biotech Research Laboratories, Inc.

Gaithersburg, Maryland —HB-87144

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1989

This program was established to determine the prevalence of retrovirus positivity in blood donors, a majority 

of whom are minority. Researchers are evaluating the 

demographic, risk factor, and behavioral characteristics 

of blood donors with high risks who continue to donate. 

A blood specimen repository is also being established as 

a mechanism for evaluating new tests for known viruses 

and as a sentinel for as-yet-unrecognized viruses.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$977,973

Fiscal Years 1989–2002—$67,796,152

Total Funding to Date—$68,774,125

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HB-47114

2. Oklahoma Blood Institute

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HB-97078

3. American Red Cross, Greater

Chesapeake and Potomac Region

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-97079

4. American Red Cross

Southern California

Los Angeles, California —HB-97080

5. American Red Cross

Southeastern Michigan Region

Detroit, Michigan —HB-97081

6. Westat, Inc.

Rockville, Maryland —HB-97082

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

This program is designed to develop novel somatic 

cellular therapies in areas ranging from basic science 

through animal studies to proof-of-principle and eventually human trials for heart, lung, and blood diseases and 

sleep disorders. The goal is to provide rapid, safe translation of basic research ideas in to clinical practice.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$4,095,764

Total Funding to Date—$4,095,764

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HB-37163

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-37164

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HB-37165
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

111

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Program on Surgical Control of 

Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)

$ 485 $ 500 $ 538 $ 566 $ 294 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial 

(EAST)

277 288 296 296 — — — — — — —

Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study 

(ACAPS)

— — 66 70 — — — — — — —

Infant Heart Surgery: Central Nervous 

System Sequelae of Circulatory Arrest

756 516 598 699 685 582 584 392 75 — —

Prevention of Early Readmission in Elderly 

Congestive Heart Failure Patients

112 77 — — — — — — — — —

MRFIT Follow-up and Analysis 402 418 — — — — — — — — —

Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial* 2,092 2,095 1,958 504 — — — — — — —

Trial of Aspirin and Vitamin E in Nurses 1,393 1,488 1,426 1,434 1,473 1,536 1,530 1,594 — — —

Diet and Exercise for Elevated Risk (DEER) 805 703 — — — — — — — — —

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the 

Menopause

610 601 451 478 494 528 186 — — — —

Sodium Sensitivity in African Americans 492 97 249 — — — — — — — —

Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment Trial 

(M-HART)

298 340 — — — — — — — — —

Stress Reduction in Elderly Blacks With 

Hypertension

321 338 321 — — — — — — — —

Trial of Nonpharmacologic Intervention in the 

Elderly (TONE)

1,038 796 729 — — — — — — — —

CABG Patch Trial* 3,362 3,117 1,344 988 1,171 — — — — — —

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular 

Study (WACS)

586 612 620 643 501 525 540 556 572 598 592

Oral Calcium in Pregnant Women With 

Hypertension

280 290 306 320 332 — — — — — —

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD in 

Blacks

— 219 330 403 407 40 326 339 360 376 394

Enalapril After Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity — 587 647 707 724 789 — — — — —

Stress and Anger Management for Blacks 

With Hypertension

— 221 232 241 250 — — — — — —

Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis 

(ERA) Trial*

— 1,123 260 1,213 965 1,668 1,017 — — — —

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently 

Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

— 1,070 1,022 1,008 826 874 — 440 362 298 291

HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study — 484 480 427 445 340 — 326 — — —

Influence of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) 

Temperature on CABG Morbidity

— 118 107 118 — — — — — — —

Women’s Estrogen/Progestin Lipid Lowering 

Hormone Atherosclerosis Regression Trial 

(WELL-HART)*

— — 798 508 1,196 1,269 1,131 — 32 — —

A clinical trial is defined as a scientific research 

study undertaken with human subjects to evaluate 

prospectively the diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic effect of a drug, device, regimen, or procedure 

used or intended ultimately for use in the practice of 

medicine or the prevention of disease. A clinical trial 

is planned and conducted prospectively and includes 

a concurrent control group or other appropriate comparison group.

11. Clinical Trials

* Paid by U01/U10.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

112

Heart and Vascular Diseases (continued)

Mode Selection Trial in Sinus Node 

Dysfunction (MOST)*

— — 2,163 1,857 2,096 1,700 2,879 1,136 154 — —

Antioxidants and Prevention of Early 

Atherosclerosis*

— — 793 240 603 — — — — — —

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy In 

Unstable Angina

— — 253 258 264 271 276 — — — —

Estrogen and Graft Atherosclerosis Research 

Trial (EAGER)*

— — — 476 488 305 — 361 371 — —

Soy Estrogen Alternative Study (SEA) — — — 219 217 221 — — — — —

REMATCH Trial* — — — — 1,258 1,798 1,333 825 750 — —

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and Blood 

Pressure (DASH Sodium)*†

— — — — 2,233 3,693 3,646 1,247 151 387 376

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial 

(SCD-HeFT)*

— — — — 1,571 1,667 1,709 1,698 1,798 1,412 1,930

CVD Risk and Health in Post-Menopausal 

Phytoestrogen Users

— — — — 631 662 574 244 — 304 152

Treatment of Hypertension With Two Exercise 

Intensities

— — — — 359 474 473 481 420 — —

Prevention of Recurrent Venous 

Thromboembolism (PREVENT)

— — — — — 1,242 894 521 543 1,272 —

PREMIER: Lifestyle Interventions for Blood 

Pressure Control*

— — — — — 2,234 3,425 3,595 2,925 1,505 —

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study 

(ACES)*

— — — — — 847 2,663 2,182 720 1,254 1,137

Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids — — — — — — 514 542 529 647 —

Fatty Acid Antiarrhythmia Trial (FAAT) — — — — — — 519 605 — — —

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* — — — — — — 4,892 5,079 2,604 1,724 1,963

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D)*

— — — — — — — 3,942 6,515 9,342 8,189

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* — — — — — — — 473 557 596 590

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral 

Regurgitation

— — — — — — — — 553 610 629

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial 

(HART)

— — — — — — — — 795 1,617 1,453

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT — — — — — — — — 708 746 555

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation 

(WISE)†

— — — — — — — — 1,502 1,506 1,643

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular 

Risk Factors

— — — — — — — — — 694 656

 A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise (ACTION)*

— — — — — — — — — 7,471 9,582

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood 

Pressure

— — — — — — — — — 655 610

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial 

(HAT)*

— — — — — — — — — 3,567 5,433

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection 

Trial (POINT)

— — — — — — — — — 553 553

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics 

Study (SANDS)*

— — — — — — — — — 2,410 2,165

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure 

(STICH)*

— — — — — — — — — 5,709 4,495

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — — — — — — — — — — 3,687

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 13,309 16,098 15,987 13,673 19,483 23,265 29,111 26,578 22,996 45,253 47,075

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 (continued)

* Paid by U01/U10.

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

113

* Paid by U01/U10.

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.

Lung Diseases

Emphysema: Physiologic Effects of 

Nutritional Support

246 155 — — — — — — — — —

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Ibuprofen in 

Human Sepsis*

886 683 — — — — — — — — —

Inhaled Beclomethasone to Prevent Chronic 

Lung Disease*

583 690 738 551 436 — — — — — —

Lung Health Study II*† 594 3,307 4,434 3,183 3,508 980 — — — — —

Lung Health Study III*† — — — — — 1,997 1,986 1,616 1,672 927 —

Asthma Clinical Research Network 

(ACRN)*†

— — — — — 4,934 5,399 5,686 5,705 5,863 —

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion for Severe 

Diaphragmatic Hernia*

— — — — — — 419 429 181 — —

Scleroderma Lung Study* — — — — — — 1,040 1,501 1,761 1,501 1,055

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease*

— — — — — — — 1,959 1,803 1,764 1,442

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic 

Lung Disease*

— — — — — — — 1,548 1,742 1,839 1,604

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)*

— — — — — — — 2,190 3,667 3,388 472

Randomized Trial to Reduce ETS in Children 

With Asthma

— — — — — — — 555 545 468 277

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy 

Study (APPLES)*

— — — — — — — — — 3,224 3,034

Childhood Asthma Management Program–

Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase 2*†

— — — — — — — — — — 1,489

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy in 

Asthma*

— — — — — — — — — — 736

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men — — — — — — — — — — 4,163

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E and 

Pulmonary Function

— — — — — — — — — — 698

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 2,309 4,835 5,172 3,734 3,944 7,911 8,844 15,484 17,076 18,974 14,970

Blood Diseases and Resources

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Patients 

With Sickle Cell Anemia—Phase II*

3,221 3,271 1,238 — — — — — — — —

Chelation Therapy of Iron Overload With 

Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone (PIH)

218 — — — — — — — — — —

Trial to Reduce Alloimmunization to Platelets 

(TRAP)—Extension†

— 2,510 1,246 263 — — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP)*

— 2,751 3,257 2,435 2,584 2,036 — 293 — — —

Pediatric Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(PED HUG)

— 146 250 260 270 — — — — — —

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia 

(STOP 2)*

— — — — — — — 4,493 3,166 3,168 2,320

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell 

Anemia

— — — — — — — — 489 525 527

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation

— — — — — — — — 1,222 1,224 1,286

FOCUS — — — — — — — — — — 1,639

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 3,439 8,678 5,991 2,958 2,854 2,036 — 4,786 4,877 4,917 5,772

Total, NHLBI $19,057 $29,611 $27,150 $20,365 $26,281 $33,212 $37,955 $46,848 $44,949 $69,144 $67,817

Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements (Dollars in Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 (continued)
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

114

NHLBI Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2003: Summary by Program

* Indicates paid by U01/U10.

† Previously an Institute-Initiated Clinical Trial.

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2003

FY 2003 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date 

Heart and Vascular Diseases

ACE Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors $ 693,661 $ 655,802 $ 1,349,463

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION)* 7,470,793 9,581,688 17,052,481

Angiotensin-II Blockade in Mitral Regurgitation 1,163,680 629,466 1,793,146

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study (ACES)* 7,666,911 1,137,313 8,804,224

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics (BARI 2D)* 19,799,816 8,189,120 27,288,936

Clinical Trial of Dietary Protein on Blood Pressure 655,198 610,220 1,265,418

CVD Risk and Health in Postmenopausal Phytoestrogen Users 2,414,940 152,000 2,566,940

Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, and Blood Pressure (DASH Sodium)* 11,356,389 376,544 11,732,933

Heart Failure Adherence and Retention Trial (HART) 2,411,452 1,453,194 3,864,646

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery* 1,626,224 589,621 2,215,845

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT)* 3,566,730 5,433,157 8,999,887

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT)* 14,298,450 1,963,006 16,261,456

Perioperative Interventional Neuroprotection Trial (POINT) 552,597 553,104 1,105,701

Reduction of Triglycerides in Women on HRT 1,454,599 555,615 2,010,214

Shock Trial: Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for 

Cardiogenic Shock?

5,898,147 291,066 6,189,213

Stress Reduction and Atherosclerotic CVD in Blacks 2,800,034 393,634 3,193,668

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS)* 2,409,835 2,164,849 4,574,684

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT)* 9,855,175 1,929,664 11,784,839

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH)* 5,709,397 4,494,631 10,204,028

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM)* — 3,686,738 3,686,738

Women’s Antioxidant and Cardiovascular Study (WACS) 5,752,366 591,750 6,344,116

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)*† 3,008,819 1,642,655 4,651,474

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 110,565,213 47,074,837 156,940,050

Lung Diseases

 Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES)* 3,223,476 3,033,620 6,257,096

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study (CAMP–CS)/Phase 2* — 1,489,491 1,489,491

Clinical Trial of Acid Reflux Therapy in Asthma* — 736,466 736,466

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease* 5,526,692 1,441,567 6,968,259

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease* 5,128,526 1,604,333 6,732,859

Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men — 4,162,661 4,162,661

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II)* 9,245,335 471,625 9,716,960

Randomized Trial to Reduce ETS in Children With Asthma 1,567,347 277,065 1,844,412

Scleroderma Lung Study* 5,802,482 1,054,739 6,857,221

Supplemental Selenium and Vitamin E and Pulmonary Function — 698,489 698,489

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 30,493,858 14,970,056 45,463,914

Blood Diseases and Resources

FOCUS — 1,639,478 1,639,478

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia 1,014,151 526,886 1,541,037

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation 2,445,687 1,285,569 3,731,256

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2)* 10,534,463 2,320,327 12,854,790

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 13,994,301 5,772,260 19,766,561

Total, NHLBI $155,053,372 $67,817,153 $222,170,525
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

115

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Contracts

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Lipid Research Clinics $ 11 $ 622 $ 583 $ 660 $ 650 $ 685 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) 369 — — — — — — — — — —

Cardiac Arrythmia Suppression Trial 

(CAST)

— 29 — — — — — — — — —

Postcoronary Artery Bypass Graft 

(CABG) Study*

 213 — — — — — — — — — —

Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension Study (PATHS) 585 — — — — — — — — — —

Effects of Digitalis on Survival in 

Patients With Congestive Heart Failure

 3,464 270 2,235 — — — — — — — —

Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot 

Study (ACIP)

 630 210 7 — — — — — — — —

Psychophysiological Investigations of 

Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI)

 1,400 433 165 — — — — — — — —

Arterial Disease Multifactorial Intervention Trial (ADMIT) 2,062 2,341 395 — — — — — — — —

Raynaud’s Treatment Study 1,131 2,532 1,664 221 19 — — — — — —

Antiarrhythmic vs. Implantable 

Defibrillator (AVID)

 1,203 1,068 5,348 2,475 — 871 548 — — — —

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT)

 2,760 10,914 3,412 9,676 15,943 17,119 — 6,259 7,000 3,980 2,761

Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) — 1,260 5,000 — 2,167 2,439 — — — — —

Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin 

Interventions (PEPI)

— 600 1,305 — 3 170 — — — — —

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart 

Disease Patients (ENRICHD)

— — 1,871 6,993 6,837 5,904 3,303 3,487 596 425 70

Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up: 

Investigation in Rhythm Management 

(AFFIRM)

— — 883 2,510 6,330 — 3,785 1,239 2,401 802 —

Beta-Blocker Evaluation Survival Trial 

(BEST)

— — 2,500 1,435 2,300 2,448 — — — — —

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial (WAVE)

— — — 731 2,891 1,917 3,878 886 756 — 32

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome 

Evaluation (WISE)

— — — 1,577 133 2,932 856 1,424 10 50 —

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy 

(PEACE)

— — — 3,632 2,838 2,836 2,850 5,988 — 2,849 558

Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) — — — — — 1,169 2,009 1,243 — 238 —

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness 

(ESCAPE)

— — — — — — 1,750 1,820 — 1,129 —

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD) 

— — — — — — 4,130 6,590 — 1,750 18,521

Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) 

Community Trial

— — — — — — 2,923 2,414 3,058 1,101 —

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 13,828 20,279 25,368 29,910 40,111 38,490 26,032 31,350 13,821 12,324 21,942
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

116

 * Gift Fund (unappropriated) used: $4,662,000—FY 1994; $1,320,000—FY 1995; and $917,720—FY 1996. 

Lung Diseases

Lung Health Study I — 3,398 650 350 — — — — — — —

Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiac 

Complications of HIV Infection 

(P2C2)

7,814 10,550 2,627 4,033 668 1,979 — 315 — 113 —

Childhood Asthma Management 

Program (CAMP)

 11,361 9,745 5,096 7,977 5,695 — 6,551 729 1,330 2,786 2,287

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network (ARDSNET)

— 1,800 4,170 4,337 4,510 4,880 6,837 5,587 2,667 1,502 4,402

National Emphysema Treatment Trial 

(NETT)

— — — — 2,710 3,367 7,545 4,047 6,989 7,910 1,630

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in 

Emphysema (FORTE)

— — — — — — 884 7,711 — 2,429 725

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 19,175 25,493 12,543 16,697 13,583 10,226 21,817 18,389 10,986 14,740 9,044

Blood Diseases and Resources

Clinical Course of Sickle Cell Disease 1,756 2,390 4,375 376 205 2,144 350 106 — — —

Penicillin Prophylaxis in Sickle Cell 

Disease (PROPS II)

 1,095 226 — — — — — — — — —

Anti-HIV Immunoglobulin (HIVIG) in 

Prevention of Maternal-Fetal HIV 

Transmission

— 3,016 1,819 706 — — — — — — —

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor 

Marrow Transplantation

— 1,310 1,917 1,461 639 2,228 690 1,085 1,144 557 774

Viral Activation Transfusion Study 

(VATS)

— — 5,000 5,647 2,353 1,668 — 339 — — —

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation 

Study (COBLT)

— — — 1,419 6,573 12,530 1,456 5,122 1,846 2,166 588

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea 

(MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-up 

— — — 703 472 475 469 — — 588 994

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial (BABY HUG)

— — — — — — — 1,606 405 3,100 1,112

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 2,851 6,942 13,111 10,312 10,242 19,045 2,965 8,258 3,395 6,411 3,468

Women’s Health Initiative

Subtotal, Women’s Health Initiative — — — — — — 59,100 57,700 59,200 59,010 63,222

Total, NHLBI Clinical Trials Contracts $35,854 $52,714 $51,022 $56,919 $63,936 $67,761 $109,914 $115,697 $87,402 $92,485 $97,676

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 (continued)

Contracts (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

117

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

Trials of Hypertension 

Prevention (TOHP)

$5,111 $4,385 $1,240 $ 649 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

Dietary Intervention Study 

in Children (DISC)

1,686 1,615 1,625 1,625 746 — — — — — —

Bypass Angioplasty 

Revascularization 

Investigation (BARI)

3,978 3,965 3,882 2,757 2,894 1,360 1,609 1,634 1,549 1,456 —

Postmenopausal Estrogen/

Progestin Interventions 

(PEPI)

1,516 1,109 584 331 — — — — — — —

Child and Adolescent 

Trial for Cardiovascular 

Health (CATCH)

6,077 2,586 2,342 2,682 3,956 572 210 — — — —

Cholesterol Reduction in 

Seniors Program 

(CRISP)

———————————

Dietary Effects on 

Lipoproteins and 

Thrombogenic Activity 

(DELTA)

3,213 3,121 2,485 132 290 — — — — — —

Obesity Prevention in 

Young American 

Indians (PATHWAYS)

1,689 1,814 2,150 3,432 4,119 3,945 4,196 2,459 — — —

Dietary Approaches to 

Stop Hypertension 

(DASH)

1,650 2,350 2,513 899 — — — — — — —

Rapid Early Action for 

Coronary Treatment 

(REACT)

— 2,609 5,091 4,992 2,866 496 — — — — —

Girls Health Enrichment 

Multisite Studies 

(GEMS) 

— — — — — — 2,282 2,365 2,877 2,713 2,461

Trial of Activity for 

Adolescent Girls 

(TAAG)

— — — — — — — 5,274 4,831 5,919 5,828

Pediatric Cardiovascular 

Clinical Research 

Network 

— — — — — — — — 3,447 4,822 5,381

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular 

Diseases

24,920 23,554 21,912 17,499 14,871 6,373 8,297 11,732 12,704 14,910 13,670

Lung Diseases

 Asthma Clinical Research 

Network (ACRN)*

2,500 3,694 3,640 4,526 4,479 — — — — — 8,181

 Asthma and Pregnancy 

Studies

— 1,000 991 1,000 913 — — — — — —

 Childhood Asthma 

Research and Education 

(CARE) Network

— — — — — — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 5,610

* Investigator-Initiated from 1998 to 2002.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

118

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials: Fiscal Years 1993–2003 (continued)

Cooperative Agreements (continued)

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

COPD Clinical Research 

Network

— — — — — — — — — — 6,843

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 2,500 4,694 4,631 5,526 5,392 — 4,175 5,002 5,314 6,005 20,634

Blood Diseases and 

Resources

Trial to Reduce 

Alloimmunization to 

Platelets (TRAP)

1,422 — — — — — — — — — —

Thalassemia (Cooley’s 

Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network 

— — — — — — — 2,192 2,219 2,269 2,320

Blood and Marrow 

Transplant Clinical 

Research Network 

— — — — — — — — 5,360 5,899 5,950

Transfusion Medicine/

Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network

— — — — — — — — — 6,053 6,241

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and 

Resources

1,422 — — — — — — 2,192 7,579 14,221 14,511

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials, 

Cooperative Agreements 

$28,842 $28,248 $26,543 $23,025 $20,263 $6,373 $12,472 $18,926 $25,597 $35,136 $48,815

Total, NHLBI-Initiated 

Clinical Trials

$64,696 $80,962 $77,565 $79,944 $84,199 $74,134 $122,386 $134,623 $112,999 $127,621 $146,491
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

119

Institute-Initiated Clinical Trials, Fiscal Year 2003: Summary by Program 

Contracts

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2003

Total FY 2003 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

 Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) $ 12,469,570 $ 18,520,563 $30,990,133

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack 

Trial (ALLHAT) 

77,063,355 2,760,704 $79,824,059

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) 29,417,300 69,624 $29,486,924

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) 

4,699,537 — $4,699,537

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor 

Therapy (PEACE) 

20,992,437 557,563 $21,550,000

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen Trial (WAVE) 11,058,620 32,000 $11,090,620

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 155,700,819 21,940,454 $177,641,273

Lung Diseases 

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNET) 36,290,000 4,402,155 40,692,155

Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) 52,558,800 2,286,805 54,845,605

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE) 11,024,001 725,282 11,749,283

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) 32,568,000 1,630,310 34,198,310

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 132,440,801 9,044,552 141,485,353

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study (COBLT) 31,111,172 588,193 31,699,365

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle Cell Anemia Adult 

Follow-up 

2,706,820 993,923 3,700,743

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG) 5,111,192 1,112,376 6,223,568

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow Transplantation 11,031,223 773,695 11,804,918

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 49,960,407 3,468,187 53,428,594

Women’s Health Initiative

 Subtotal, Women’s Health Initiative 551,910,108 63,222,053 615,132,161

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Contracts $890,012,135 $97,675,246 $987,687,381

Cooperative Agreements

Total Obligations 

Prior to FY 2003

Total FY 2003 

Obligations

Total Obligations 

to Date

Heart and Vascular Diseases 

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS) 10,237,057 2,461,487 12,698,544

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network 8,269,577 5,380,652 13,650,229

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) 16,024,722 5,828,313 21,853,035

Subtotal, Heart and Vascular Diseases 34,531,356 13,670,452 48,201,808

Lung Diseases 

Asthma Clinical Research Network — 8,181,429 8,181,429

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network 20,496,205 5,609,827 26,106,032

COPD Clinical Research Network — 6,843,405 6,843,405

Subtotal, Lung Diseases 20,496,205 20,634,661 41,130,866

Blood Diseases and Resources 

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network 11,259,414 5,949,873 17,209,287

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network 6,679,892 2,319,991 8,999,883

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network 6,052,717 6,240,913 12,293,630

Subtotal, Blood Diseases and Resources 23,992,023 14,510,777 38,502,800

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials, Cooperative Agreements $79,019,584 $48,815,890 $127,835,474

Total, NHLBI-Initiated Clinical Trials $969,031,719 $146,491,136 $1,115,522,855
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

120

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in 

Diabetes (ACCORD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate three diabetic 

treatment strategies (intensive glycemic control, blood 

pressure control, and fibrate treatment to raise HDLcholesterol and lower triglycerides) to prevent major 

cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes 

mellitus. The primary outcome measure is CVD mortality or major morbidity (MI and stroke). A vanguard 

phase of about 1,000 participants was completed in 

FY 2002, and the main trial proceeded in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$18,520,563

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$12,469,570

Total Funding to Date—$30,990,133

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95178

2. McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario —HC-95179

3. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HC-95180

4. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HC-95181

5. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HC-95182

6. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HC-95183

7. Trustees of Columbia University 

of New York

New York, New York —HC-95184

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment 

to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1993

The ALLHAT is a practice-based, randomized clinical 

trial to determine whether combined incidence of fatal 

CHD and nonfatal MI differs between diuretic-based and 

newer antihypertensive treatments (ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker, alpha blocker) in high-risk hypertensive patients. The objective of the lipid-lowering 

component of the study is to determine whether lowering 

serum cholesterol with an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor 

reduces the total mortality in a subset of hypertensive 

patients with moderately elevated LDL cholesterol. 

Because blacks and Hispanics are at high risk for hypertension and CHD, investigators recruited a high percentage of minorities into the study.

In February 2000, the alpha blocker arm of the study 

was discontinued at the recommendation of the Data 

Safety Monitoring Committee and an independant expert 

review committee because the CVD event rate was significantly greater among those patients compared to the 

control group.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,760,704 

Fiscal Years 1993–2002—$77,063,355

Total Funding to Date—$79,824,059

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. University of Texas Health Science Center

Houston, Texas —HC-35130

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease 

Patients (ENRICHD), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1995

The objective of this multicenter, randomized clinical 

trial was to test whether treating symptoms of depression 

and low social support with cognitive behavior therapy 

and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors immediately 

after MI reduces morbidity and mortality. The primary 

endpoint was a combination of reinfarction and death. 

Secondary outcomes included changes in cardiovascular 

mortality, depression, social support, and quality of life. 

The cohort included 34 percent minorities. Results 

showed that the treatment did not lower mortality or the 

risk of a second heart attack. However, the intervention 

reduced patients’ depression and increased their level of 

social support.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$69,624

Fiscal Years 1995–2002—$29,417,300

Total Funding to Date—$29,486,924

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HC-55140

2. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HC-55142

3. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HC-55146
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Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure 

and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization 

Effectiveness (ESCAPE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1999

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of 

pulmonary artery catheterization-directed treatment 

strategy to a noninvasive treatment strategy on morbidity 

and mortality in patients with severe CHF.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$0

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$4,699,537

Total Funding to Date—$4,699,537

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HV-98177

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies 

(GEMS), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The objective of this project is to develop and test 

interventions to prevent obesity by decreasing weight 

gain during the high-risk transitional period from prepuberty to puberty in black girls who are at high risk for 

developing obesity. Phase 1 (developmental and pilot 

studies) was completed in FY 2002. Two sites began 

Phase 2 trials in FY 2003.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,461,487

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$10,237,057

Total Funding to Date—$12,698,544

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee —HL-062662

2. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-062663

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The objective of this study is to establish a clinical 

network to evaluate novel treatment methods and management strategies for children with structural congenital 

heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, heart muscle 

disease, or arrhythmias. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,380,652

Fiscal Years 2001–2002—$8,269,577

Total Funding to Date—$13,650,229

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-068269

2. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-068270

3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-068279

4. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HL-068281

5. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-068285

6. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-068288

7. Columbia University

Health Sciences

New York, New York —HL-068290

8. University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah —HL-068292

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy 

(PEACE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

This multicenter, randomized trial is determining 

whether addition of an ACE inhibitor to standard therapy in patients with known coronary artery disease and 

preserved left ventricular function will prevent CVD 

mortality and reduce risk of MI and the need for revascularization.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$557,563

Fiscal Years 1996–2002—$20,992,437

Total Funding to Date—$21,550,000

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. The George Washington University 

Biostatistics Center

Rockville, Maryland —HC-65149

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

This community-based study is testing the effects of a 

school-community linked intervention to prevent decline 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

122

in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness seen 

during adolescence in girls. The study will be conducted 

in 36 schools; 30 percent of the population will be 

minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,828,313

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$16,024,722

Total Funding to Date—$21,853,035

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-066845

2. University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina —HL-066852

3. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-066853

4. Tulane University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-066855

5. San Diego State University

San Diego, California —HL-066856

6. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-066857

7. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-066858

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen 

Trial (WAVE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

This multicenter, randomized trial is assessing 

whether or not HRT and/or antioxidant treatment stabilize or inhibit progression and induce regression of coronary plaques in women. The trial is also examining the 

mechanisms by which these treatments modify atherosclerosis. The primary end points are angiographic 

changes.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$32,000

Fiscal Years 1996–2002—$11,058,620

Total Funding to Date—$11,090,620

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. The George Washington University

Washington, DC —HV-68165

2. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HV-68166

3. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HV-68167

4. Medlantic Research Institute

Washington, DC —HV-68168

5. Hartford Hospital

Hartford, Connecticut —HV-68169

6. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HV-68170

Lung Diseases Program

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical 

Network (ARDSNET), Initiated in Fiscal Year 

1994

The objective of this network is to test new therapeutic 

agents with a potential for improving the outcome of 

patients with ARDS and those at risk of developing 

ARDS. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$4,402,155

Fiscal Years 1994–2002—$36,290,000

Total Funding to Date—$40,692,155

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee —HR-46054

2. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-46055

3. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-46056

4. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-46057

5. University of Pennsylvania Hospital

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-46058

6. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HR-46059

7. Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-46060

8. University of Colorado

Denver, Colorado —HR-46061

9. Latter Day Saints Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah —HR-46062

10. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-46063

11. Coordinating Center 

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-46064

12. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HR-16146

13. Baystate Medical Center

Springfield, Massachusetts —HR-16147
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

123

14. University of British Columbia

Vancouver, Canada —HR-16148

15. University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois —HR-16149

16. Louisiana State University

New Orleans, Louisiana —HR-16150

17. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-16152

18. University of Texas

San Antonio, Texas —HR-16153

19. University of Virginia

Charlottesville, Virginia —HR-16154

20. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HR-16155

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to evaluate current and 

novel therapies and management strategies for adult 

asthma and to ensure that findings are rapidly disseminated to the medical community. Approximately 33 percent of the participants will be minorities.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$8,181,429

Total Funding to Date—$8,181,429

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-074073

2. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074204

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-074206

4. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-074208

5. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-074212

6. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-074218

7. Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —HL-074225

8. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074227

9. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey Medical Center

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-074231

Childhood Asthma Management Program 

(CAMP), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1991

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term 

effects of anti-inflammatory therapy compared to bronchodilator therapy on the course of asthma, particularly 

on lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and 

on physical and psychosocial growth and development. 

Results showed that 4 1⁄2 to 6 years of daily treatment 

with inhaled corticosteroids was safe and provided 

superior control of asthma compared to a different antiinflammatory medication or treatment only when symptoms occurred. The CAMP study will continue to 

observe the children for 5 years to determine the effect of 

early treatment on maximum lung growth and on height.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,286,805

Fiscal Years 1991–2002—$52,558,800

Total Funding to Date—$54,845,605

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-16044

2. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-16045

3. University of New Mexico

Albuquerque, New Mexico —HR-16046

4. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HR-16047

5. National Jewish Medical

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-16048

6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-16049

7. Asthma, Inc.

Seattle, Washington —HR-16050

8. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-16051

9. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-16052

Childhood Asthma Research and Education 

(CARE) Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate current and 

novel therapies and management strategies for children 

with asthma. Emphasis is on clinical trials that help 

identify optimal therapy for children with different 

asthma phenotypes, genotypes, and ethnic backgrounds 

and children at different developmental stages. 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

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124

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,609,827

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$20,496,205

Total Funding to Date—$26,106,032

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Washington University

St. Louis, Missouri —HL-064287

2. National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HL-064288

3. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-064295

4. University of Wisconsin

Madison, Wisconsin —HL-064305

5. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —HL-064307

6. Pennsylvania State University

Hershey, Pennsylvania —HL-064313

COPD Clinical Research Network, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 2003

The purpose of this network is to investigate disease 

management approaches in patients with moderate-tosevere COPD and to ensure that the findings are rapidly 

disseminated to the medical community.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$6,843,405

Total Funding to Date—$6,843,405

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute

Torrance, California —HL-074407

2. Denver Health and Hospital Authority

Denver, Colorado —HL-074409

3. Minnesota Veterans Research Institute

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074416

4. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —HL-074418

5. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-074424

6. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-074428

7. University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California —HL-074431

8. University of Maryland

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-074441

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema 

(FORTE), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1999

The purpose of this program is to conduct preliminary 

studies to identify optimal patient populations, drugs and 

dosing schedules, and outcome measures before conducting a larger clinical trial on retinoid treatment for 

emphysema.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$725,282

Fiscal Years 1999–2002—$11,024,001

Total Funding to Date—$11,749,283

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HR-96140

2 Boston University

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-96141

3. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-96142

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HR-96143

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-96144

6. Columbia University

New York, New York —HR-96145

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 

Initiated in Fiscal Year 1997

The NETT is a multicenter trial designed to evaluate 

the efficacy and role of lung volume reduction surgery 

(a procedure in which part of the lung is removed in an 

attempt to improve breathing) in the treatment of severe 

emphysema. If surgery proves to be effective, a major 

secondary objective is to determine which patients are 

most likely to benefit.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,630,310

Fiscal Years 1997–2002—$32,568,000

Total Funding to Date—$34,198,310
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

125

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas —HR-76101

2. Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HR-76102

3. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HR-76103

4. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Los Angeles, California —HR-76104

5. Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Cleveland, Ohio —HR-76105

6. Columbia University

New York, New York —HR-76106

7. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HR-76107

8. University of Maryland

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76108

9. Mayo Foundation

Rochester, Minnesota —HR-76109

10. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HR-76110

11. National Jewish Medical 

and Research Center

Denver, Colorado —HR-76111

12. The Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio —HR-76112

13. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76113

14. University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HR-76114

15. Saint Louis University

St. Louis, Missouri —HR-76115

16. Temple University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HR-76116

17. University of Washington

Seattle, Washington —HR-76118

18. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HR-76119

Blood Diseases and Resources Program

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research 

Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2001

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient 

comparison of novel treatment methods and management strategies of potential benefit for children and 

adults undergoing blood or marrow transplantation.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$5,949,873

Fiscal Year 2001–2002—$11,259,414

Total Funding to Date—$17,209,287

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha, Nebraska —HL-069233

2. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-069246

3. Dana Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-069249

4. Children’s Mercy Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri —HL-069254

5. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —HL-069273

6. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-069274

7. City of Hope Medical Center

Duarte, California —HL-069278

8. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-069286

9. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-069290

10. Stanford University

Stanford, California —HL-069291

11. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-069294

12. University of Florida

Gainesville, Florida —HL-069301

13. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-069310

14. Sloan Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research

New York, New York —HL-069315

15. University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan —HL-069330

16. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-069348

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study 

(COBLT), Initiated in Fiscal Year 1996

This multicenter study is designed to show whether 

umbilical cord blood stem cell transplants from unrelated, 

newborn donors are a safe and efficient alternative to bone 

marrow transplantation for children and adults with a variety of cancers, blood diseases, and genetic disorders. 

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$588,193

Fiscal Years 1996–2002—$31,111,172

Total Funding to Date—$31,699,365
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

126

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The EMMES Corporation

Potomac, Maryland —HB-67132

2. Dana Farber Cancer Center

Boston, Massachusetts —HB-67133

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center

Seattle, Washington —HB-67134

4. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HB-67135

5. Indiana University

Indianapolis, Indiana —HB-67137

6. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-67138

7. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-67139

8. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-67141

9. University of California, Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California —HB-67142

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in 

Sickle Cell Anemia Adult Follow-up, Initiated in 

Fiscal Year 1996

The purpose of this trial is to determine the long-term 

effects of hydroxurea. Patients were examined annually 

to determine their health status, quality of life, incidence 

of malignancies, and birth defects in their offspring(s). 

Mortality rates from this cohort were compared to mortality data from the CSSCD cohort and the normal black 

population mortality. Results showed that patients who 

took hydroxyurea over a 9-year period experienced a 40 

percent reduction in deaths. Improved survival was 

related to benefits of drug therapy—an increase in fetal 

hemoglobin level and reduced episodes of severe pain 

“crises” and acute chest syndrome.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$993,923

Fiscal Year 1996–2002—$2,706,820

Total Funding to Date—$3,700,743

Current Active Organization and Contract Number

1. Maryland Medical Research Institute 

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-67129

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial 

(BABY HUG), Initiated in Fiscal Year 2000

The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if 

hydroxyurea therapy is effective in prevention of chronic 

end organ damage in pediatric patients with sickle cell 

anemia.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$1,112,376

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$5,111,192

Total Funding to Date—$6,223,568

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Children’s Research Institute

Washington, DC —HB-07150

2. Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina —HB-07151

3. Howard University

Washington, DC —HB-07152

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07153

5. Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina —HB-07154

6. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee —HB-07155

7. The Research Foundation of SUNY

New York, New York —HB-07156

8. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —HB-07157

9. University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi —HB-07158

10. University of Texas 

Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas —HB-07159

11. Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation

Baltimore, Maryland —HB-07160

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow 

Transplantation, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1994

The purpose of this randomized multicenter clinical 

trial is to determine whether a reduction in morbidity and 

mortality from acute and chronic graft-versus-host 

disease can be achieved without a counterbalancing 

increase in relapse of leukemia in patients receiving an 

unrelated donor marrow transplant.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$773,695

Fiscal Years 1994–2002—$11,031,223

Total Funding to Date—$11,804,918

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. The EMMES Corporation

Potomac, Maryland —HB-47094
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

127

2. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HB-47095

3. University of Kentucky

Lexington, Kentucky —HB-47097

4. Sloan-Kettering Institute 

for Cancer Research

New York, New York —HB-47098

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated Fiscal Year 2000

The purpose of this network is to accelerate research 

in the management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones in a network of clinical centers.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$2,319,991

Fiscal Years 2000–2002—$6,679,892

Total Funding to Date—$8,999,883

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-065232

2. Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario —HL-065233

3. New England Research Institute, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-065238

4. Children’s Hospital Oakland

Oakland, California —HL-065239

5. Weill Medical College

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-065244

6. Children’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-065260

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical 

Research Network, Initiated in Fiscal Year 2002

The purpose of this network is to promote the efficient 

comparison of new management strategies for individuals with hemostatic disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 

and to evaluate new and existing blood products and 

cytokines for treatment of hematologic disorders.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$6,240,913

Fiscal Year 2002—$6,052,717

Total Funding to Date—$12,293,630

Current Active Organizations and Grant Numbers

1. University of Iowa

Iowa City, Iowa —HL-072028

2. Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio —HL-072033

3. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —HL-072072

4. The Johns Hopkins University

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072191

5. Weill Medical College 

of Cornell University

New York, New York —HL-072196

6. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —HL-072248

7. New England Research Institutes, Inc.

Watertown, Massachusetts —HL-072268

8. Tulane University of Louisiana

New Orleans, Louisiana —HL-072274

9. University of Oklahoma 

Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma —HL-072283

10. Duke University

Durham, North Carolina —HL-072289

11. Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —HL-072290

12. Children’s Hospital Boston

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072291

13. Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts —HL-072299

14. Puget Sound Blood Center

Seattle, Washington —HL-072305

15. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —HL-072331

16. University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania —HL-072346

17. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —HL-072355

18. University of Maryland 

Baltimore Professional School

Baltimore, Maryland —HL-072359
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Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

128

Women’s Health Initiative, Initiated in Fiscal Year 1992

The purpose of the WHI is to study cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The 

program consists of three major components: a randomized controlled clinical trial of HRT, dietary modification, and 

calcium/vitamin D supplementation; an observational study to identify predictors of disease; and a study of community 

approaches to developing healthful behaviors.

Obligations

Funding History:

Fiscal Year 2003—$63,222,053

Fiscal Years 1992–2002*—$551,910,108

Total Funding to Date—$615,132,161

Current Active Organizations and Contract Numbers

1. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-22110

2. University of Medicine

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-24152

3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer 

Research Center 

Seattle, Washington —WH-32100

4. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Minneapolis, Minnesota —WH-32101

5. University of Iowa 

College of Medicine 

Iowa City, Iowa —WH-32102

6. University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama —WH-32105

7. Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem, North Carolina —WH-32106

8. Northwestern University 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-32108

9. Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Boston, Massachusetts —WH-32109

10. University of Medicine 

and Dentistry of New Jersey

Newark, New Jersey —WH-32110

11. Emory University

Atlanta, Georgia —WH-32111

12. University of Pittsburgh 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania —WH-32112

13. University of California, Davis

Davis, California —WH-32113

14. University of Arizona

Tucson, Arizona —WH-32115

15. University of Tennessee 

Memphis, Tennessee —WH-32118

16. Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island

Pawtucket, Rhode Island —WH-32119

17. University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California —WH-32120

18. State University of New York at Buffalo 

Buffalo, New York —WH-32122

19. American College of Obstetricians

and Gynecologists

Washington, DC —WH-34205

20. University of California, Irvine

Irvine, California —WH-42107

21. The George Washington University 

Washington, DC —WH-42108

22. Stanford University

Stanford, California —WH-42109 

23. Baylor College of Medicine 

Houston, Texas —WH-42110

24. University of Texas 

Health Science Center 

San Antonio, Texas —WH-42111

25. The Ohio State University 

Columbus, Ohio —WH-42112

26. University of Nevada 

School of Medicine 

Reno, Nevada —WH-42113

27. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42114

28. State University of New York 

at Stony Brook 

Stony Brook, New York —WH-42115

29. University of Massachusetts 

Medical School 

Worcester, Massachusetts —WH-42116

30. University of North Carolina 

at Chapel Hill 

Chapel Hill, North Carolina —WH-42117

31. Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan —WH-42118

32. Albert Einstein College of Medicine

New York, New York —WH-42119

* This figure reflects funding for the clinical trials and observational studies only. From 1992–98, major support was provided through the Office of the Director, 

NIH. The Community Prevention Study receives funding through an interagency agreement with the CDC: $4,000,000 in FY 1999 and $12,000,000 from 

FY 1996–98.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 11. Clinical Trials

129

33. Harbor-UCLA Research 

and Education Institute

Torrance, California —WH-42120

34. Kaiser Foundation Research Institute

Oakland, California —WH-42121

35. Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin —WH-42122

36. Medlantic Research Institute 

Washington, DC —WH-42123

37. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s 

Medical Center 

Chicago, Illinois —WH-42124

38. University of California, Los Angeles

School of Medicine

Los Angeles, California —WH-42125

39. University of Cincinnati 

Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio —WH-42126

40. University of Florida 

College of Medicine 

Gainesville, Florida —WH-42129

41. University of Hawaii at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawaii —WH-42130

42. University of Miami

Miami, Florida —WH-42131

43. University of Wisconsin 

Madison, Wisconsin —WH-42132

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Throughout its history, the NHLBI has been a 

leader in conducting and supporting research to 

eliminate health disparities that exist between various segments of the U.S. population. The Institute 

has not only initiated research projects with significant minority participation in order to compare 

health status between various populations, but also 

has given high priority to programs that focus exclusively on minority health issues. 

Since FY 1991, the Institute has had procedures in 

place to ensure full compliance with the NIH Policy 

on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. As a result, all NHLBI-supported 

research that involves human subjects includes 

minorities, with the exception of a very few projects 

for which a compelling justification for limited 

diversity in the study population exists. Thus, all 

segments of the population, both minority and nonminority, stand to benefit from the Institute's 

research programs. 

It has long been a goal of the NHLBI to increase 

the number of underrepresented minorities in scientific research. In 2001, the NHLBI conducted a 

workshop on Recruitment and Retention of African 

Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans in Scientific Research Careers Relevant to 

Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders: What 

Works, What Doesn’t, and What Should We Do? 

Several recommendations from the workshop 

addressed efforts to increase the “science career 

pipeline,” and suggested actions that were consolidated into an initiative.

• Minority K–12 Initiative for Teachers and 

Students (MKITS): Supports research, 

development, and evaluation of innovative 

science training programs to provide minority 

students in grades K–12 with the exposure, 

skills, and knowledge that will encourage them 

to pursue advanced studies in the biomedical 

and behavioral sciences. 

Additional training programs have been initiated 

recently to provide career development for minorities in biomedical science.

• Sickle Cell Scholars Program: Supports career 

development for young or new investigators in 

SCD research. 

• Research Scientist Award for Minority 

Institutions: Develops, expands, or improves 

didactic programs in clinical research at 

minority institutions so that clinical 

investigators can compete more effectively for 

research funding. 

The Office of Minority Health Affairs (OMHA) 

within the OD was established in July 2002 to oversee, coordinate, support, and evaluate Institute programs related to minority health outcomes, including 

research, research training and career development, 

public outreach, and translation of research findings. 

Among its roles, the OMHA coordinates activities to 

improve the health of racial and ethnic populations 

for heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders by fostering greater participation of underrepresented minorities in NHLBI research and research 

training programs. Selected activities in FY 2003 

included:

• Issuing four minority training and career 

development RFAs to increase the number of 

highly trained minority individuals conducting 

biomedical and behavioral research.

• Participating in DHHS-Endorsed Minority 

Organization Internship Programs by providing 

positions in NHLBI extramural divisions to 

students from the National Association for 

Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, the 

Hispanic Association of Colleges and 

Universities, and the Washington Internships 

for Native Students programs. 

• Providing support to the MARC U*STAR 

Program to enable minority students to work in 

NHLBI intramural laboratories during the 

summer. 

• Supporting the African-American, Hispanic, 

and Native American Youth Initiatives to bring 

minority students to the NIH campus for 

scientific presentations, an introduction to 

NHLBI research training and career 

12. Minority Activities
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

132

development programs, and a tour of NHLBI 

laboratories. 

See Chapter 13 for additional NHLBI-supported 

minority research training and career development programs. 

The NHLBI has contributed to an NIH-wide effort to 

formulate a comprehensive plan to address health disparities. This plan, which identified ongoing Institute activities and described goals and objectives for the future, 

serves as a guide for many NHLBI programs targeted to 

minority communities.

The following text describes selected current projects 

that focus on minority populations and reflect the Institute’s research portfolio related to minority health; additional information can be found in Chapters 9 through 11.

Heart and Vascular Diseases

Risk Factors

Epidemiology

Long-term epidemiologic studies are pivotal in uncovering risk factors that lead to disease. The Institute has 

initiated several major studies of heart disease focused 

significantly or completely on minority populations.

• CARDIA (see Chapter 10): Determines the 

evolution of CHD risk factors and lifestyle 

characteristics in young adults that may influence 

development of risk factors prior to middle age; 

50 percent of the participants are black. 

• ARIC (see Chapter 10): Investigates the association 

of CHD risk factors with development of atherosclerosis and CVD in an adult population; 

38 percent of the participants are black.

• CHS (see Chapter 10): Examines risk factors for 

CHD and stroke in the elderly; 20 percent of the 

participants are minorities.

• Strong Heart Study (see Chapter 9): Compares risk 

factor levels and morbidity and mortality from CVD 

among American Indians from three different 

geographic locations.

• JHS (see Chapter 10): Identifies environmental and 

genetic factors influencing evolution and 

progression of CVD in blacks.

• MESA (see Chapter 10): Examines the characteristics of subclinical CVD that predict progression to 

clinically overt CVD and related risk factors that 

predict subclinical disease in blacks, whites, 

Hispanics, and Asians; 62 percent of the participants 

are minorities.

• GOCADAN (see Chapter 9): Documents CVD risk 

factors and measures of subclinical disease in 

approximately 40 extended Alaska Native families. 

Identifies and characterizes genes that contribute to 

CVD.

• HEIRS (see Chapter 10): Determines the 

prevalence of hereditary hemochromatosis; 

identifies genetic and environmental determinants 

and potential clinical, personal, and societal impact 

of iron overload in an adult population consisting of 

28 percent blacks, 13 percent Asians, and 13 percent 

Hispanics.

Several investigator-initiated epidemiologic studies are 

examining gene-environment interactions that increase 

CVD risk factors among various racial groups. Included 

are studies that compare gene-environment interactions 

in black populations in Africa, the Caribbean, and 

selected areas of the United States; compare the genes 

responsible for CVD risk factor response to dietary fat 

changes in blacks; investigate genes influencing changes 

in blood pressure in response to high- and low-salt diets 

in a rural Chinese population; and seek to identify and 

map specific genes that contribute to CVD risk in 

Mexican-Americans.

A study of the etiology of atherosclerosis focusing on 

diet and oxidative mechanisms examines new risk factors 

that promote or inhibit LDL damage and inflammatory 

responses in the artery wall. Investigators are seeking to 

determine the relationship between longitudinal change 

in atherosclerosis and dietary antioxidants, antioxidant 

enzymes, and genetic polymorphisms; 43 percent of the 

participants are Hispanic.

The NHLBI supports research on the impact of adolescent lifestyle on the development of CVD. One project 

being conducted in youths, half of whom are black, 

examines the influences of diet and exercise on adiposity 

and regional fat distribution and the subsequent relationship between the two factors and development of CVD. 

Another is tracking development of cardiovascular, 

behavioral, and physiological risk factors in Hispanic 

children and adolescents.
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An ancillary study to MESA is seeking to determine 

whether impairment of myocardial perfusion reserve can 

serve as a marker of CHD. Scientists hypothesize that 

impaired myocardial perfusion reserve indicates the presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and coronary 

microvascular disease. Developing a new measure of 

subclinical disease would enable early interventions and 

lifestyle modifications to prevent CHD. Fifty percent of 

the population will be Hispanic. Other ancillary studies 

to MESA are investigating progression of carotid atherosclerosis, association of risk factors with arteriosclerosis 

measured in retinal vessels, and the relationship of sex 

hormones to subclinical cardiovascular disease and other 

risk factors in both men and women.

Additional epidemiologic studies being supported 

include (1) a multicenter study to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic responses to endurance training, contribution of genetic factors to the accompanying response 

of CVD, and type 2 diabetes risk factors in a population 

that is 46 percent black; (2) a study of Chagas’ disease—

a leading cause of heart disease throughout Latin America—to identify genetic determinants of susceptibility to 

infection and differential disease pathogenesis in a black 

population residing in rural Brazil; (3) a project to use 

pooled data from nine existing U.S. studies to compare, 

between blacks and whites, CHD incidence and mortality 

rates, exposure-outcome relationship, patterns of comorbidity, and population attributable risk; and (4) a project 

to examine the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and the prevalence and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in an ethnically diverse 

population consisting of approximately 30 percent 

blacks, 10 percent Asians, and 20 percent Hispanics.

Treatment and Prevention

Many evidence-based guidelines have been developed 

for the treatment of cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases, but they are often not adopted in routine clinical 

practice. In addition, recent studies have shown substantial differences in physician decision-making for cardiac 

diagnostic and therapeutic interventions after controlling 

or adjusting for SES and reimbursement system. Differences based on race and sex have been demonstrated, but 

the reasons behind them and possible avenues for modifying them have not been articulated. In 2002, the Institute launched a program to identify obstacles to the 

implementation of national evidence-based guidelines 

and to develop effective interventions to stimulate their 

use. 

Because CVD evolves over decades, early intervention 

programs to reduce multiple risk factors can aid in preventing CVD in later years. The Institute supports several investigator-initiated early intervention studies 

among diverse populations. Included among them is a 

project to compare the effectiveness of a communitybased intervention using neighborhood health care workers to a program that provides assistance through referral 

to primary care resources. High-risk siblings of blacks 

with premature coronary disease are targeted. Another 

project works with black churches in Atlanta to promote 

adoption of a healthy lifestyle among blacks. A third 

project is examining the contribution of demographic and 

cultural factors to diet and sedentary practices that lead to 

CVD among Hispanic women to enable development of 

a cardiovascular intervention program specifically for 

them. 

Education

The NHLBI, through its education programs (see 

Chapter 2), disseminates health information to physicians, health care professionals, patients, and the public 

on ways to prevent or treat diseases within the Institute’s 

mandate. It has developed the following programs to 

combat cardiovascular health disparities among four 

major cultural/ethnic groups: blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and Asian Americans 

and Pacific Islanders.

• Cardiovascular Health Outreach and Education in 

Public Housing Communities: Empowers blacks 

who reside in Baltimore City public housing 

developments to take charge of improving their 

cardiovascular health by adopting a heart healthy 

lifestyle.

• Salud para su Corazón: Disseminates information 

on CVD prevention, intervention, and treatment and 

promotes heart healthy behaviors in Hispanic 

communities. 

• NHLBI-Indian Health Service Partnership to 

Strengthen the Heartbeat of American Indian and 

Alaska Native Communities: Plans, develops, and 

implements effective approaches to improve the 

cardiovascular health of American Indians and 

Alaska Natives within three tribal communities.

• NHLBI Asian American and Pacific Islanders Heart 

Health Outreach Project: Develops culturally and 

linguistically appropriate outreach activities and 

tools (e.g., CVD risk factor fact sheets) to increase 

community awareness of heart disease and its 
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134

associated risk factors and promotes heart healthy 

lifestyles among a diverse Asian American and 

Pacific Islander population. 

In addition to the activities mentioned above, the Institute prepares publications on CVD prevention for minority populations. They may be obtained from the NHLBI 

public Web site or through the NHLBI online catalog. 

Examples include:

• Improving Cardiovascular Health in African 

Americans Package of Seven Easy-To-Read 

Booklets

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Treat Your Heart to a Healthy Celebration

• Package of Eight Easy-To-Read Booklets in Spanish 

and English on Preventing Heart Disease

• Bringing Heart Health to Latinos: A Guide for 

Building Community Programs.

High Blood Pressure

Etiology and Pathophysiology

High blood pressure is a serious health problem that is 

especially prevalent and severe among minorities. Institute-initiated studies in the etiology and pathophysiology 

of high blood pressure include:

• Molecular Genetics of Hypertension (see 

Chapter 9): Determines the etiology and 

pathogenesis of hypertension and its complications 

in order to improve diagnosis and treatment of the 

disease. Many of the subprojects have a high 

percentage of minority participation; others target 

blacks or Hispanics exclusively.

• Family Blood Pressure Program (see Chapter 9): 

Uses a network of investigators to identify genes 

associated with high blood pressure and to examine 

interactions between genetic and environmental 

determinants of hypertension in specific minority 

populations.

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated projects to examine antecedents of hypertension 

in children to determine racial differences in blood pressure regulation. Researchers are investigating relationships between cardiovascular reactivity in adolescent 

normotensive blacks and development of pathobiologic 

markers of hypertension risk (i.e., increased resting 

blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and relative wall 

thickness) later in life. 

Impaired sodium regulation also appears to be linked 

to the development of hypertension. Scientists are investigating various kidney proteins that regulate sodium 

reabsorption and have found associations of some 

genetic variants of the proteins among blacks with 

hypertension. Another group of scientists is investigating the effects of stress on salt retention and measuring 

hormonal variables known to influence sodium regulation in a population of obese and nonobese black youths. 

They are seeking to determine whether the mechanisms 

regulating sodium retention differ between the two 

groups. A third group is examining the role of sodium 

and obesity in hypertension development among blacks 

living in three different environments: Nigeria, Jamaica, 

and Chicago. 

Investigators have observed that blacks have an augmented blood pressure response to salt. A study has 

been initiated to improve understanding of the genetic 

basis and phenotypic characterization of salt-sensitive 

hypertension in blacks. 

Researchers are also examining the influence of SES 

and ethnic discrimination on stress reactivity to determine if it provides a pathophysiologic link to CVD in 

blacks. One group is studying the combined influence of 

low SES and ethnicity on development of behavioral risk 

factors and testing the extent to which they mediate associations between sociodemographic factors, stress, and 

cardiovascular markers in adolescents. Another group is 

assessing the relationship between early life exposure to 

socioeconomic stressors, such as adverse socioeconomic 

conditions, low levels of social integration, and racial 

discrimination, and development of hypertension in 

blacks. A new project was launched to study the genetics of cardiovascular reactivity in black youth.

The role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of high blood pressure is another 

area of investigation. Scientists are conducting epidemiologic studies among participants with diverse ethnicity, 

SES, and dietary habits in four countries to determine the 

impact of dietary components (i.e., proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, 

potassium, antioxidants, fiber, and caffeine) on blood 

pressure.

The NHLBI supports a number of studies to identify 

genes linked to hypertension in blacks, Mexican-
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135

Americans, and whites to determine if part of the 

disparity in prevalence can be attributed to genetic 

differences among the groups. Genes under investigation 

include those associated with the renin-angiotensin 

system, the kallikrein-kinin system, and sodium 

transport.

Treatment and Prevention

Identifying effective treatment strategies for various 

populations requires large-scale studies with representative populations in sufficient numbers. 

• ALLHAT (see Chapter 11): Compares the 

combined incidence of fatal CHD and nonfatal MI 

among patients receiving ACE inhibitors, calcium 

antagonists, or alpha-1-blockers and patients in a 

control group receiving a diuretic. Also, in a subset 

of these groups, determines whether cholesterollowering therapy reduces mortality in moderately 

hypercholesterolemic individuals compared with a 

control group; 32 percent of the participants are 

black and 19 percent are Hispanic. 

Understanding racial differences in blood pressure 

control is an area of major interest for the Institute. Scientists are examining whether variations in genes of the 

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system predict differences 

in blood pressure response to diuretic therapy among 

hypertensive blacks and whites. Another group is focusing on variations in the ACE gene between blacks and 

whites to explain racial differences in the antihypertensive responsiveness to ACE inhibitors.

Because stress may be a major contributor to CVD 

among blacks, interventions to reduce stress, such as 

Transcendental Meditation and aerobic activities, are 

being tested in this population to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing blood pressure levels. Another intervention being evaluated concerns the efficacy of emotional 

disclosure writing in lowering lower blood pressure; 71 

percent of the participants are minorities. 

Stress also may be a major contributor to CVD among 

American Indians. Investigators are evaluating the longterm effects of posttraumatic stress disorder—a common 

disorder among reservation-dwelling Indians—on the 

cardiovascular system and the role of lifestyle, cultural, 

and biological mediators in the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorders with coronary flow reserve and 

heart rate variability.

The NHLBI is concerned about the lack of treatment 

adherence in minorities and individuals living in poverty. 

To address this issue, it has initiated a program to evaluate innovative methods to overcome patient, provider, 

and medical systems barriers that obstruct treatment 

adherence among racial and ethnic minorities and persons living in poverty. One project is determining 

whether an electronic home monitor that can transmit 

vital signs from a patient’s home to a physician’s office 

can improve hypertension care among a black patient 

population. Another project is testing the effectiveness 

of a multicomponent adherence promotion intervention 

among low-income blacks. It incorporates individual 

assessment and tailored feedback to help patients develop 

behavior management skills that enhance consistent medication use. Other studies are evaluating lifestyle adherence in blacks, and evaluating adherence to weight loss in 

black women. 

Education

The NHLBI (see Chapter 2) has developed a number 

of outreach activities to inform minority populations of 

the importance of blood pressure control. Included 

among them are a toll-free number that provides material 

on hypertension in English or Spanish; mini-telenovelas 

(Más vale prevenir que lamentar), “health moments” to 

reinforce CVD prevention for local Spanish-language 

television stations; a Spanish version of the High Blood 

Pressure Education Month Kit; and several publications 

for health professionals, patients, and the public. Publications are available from the NHLBI public Web site or 

through the NHLBI online catalog. Below are some 

examples:

• Control de la Presión Arterial Alta: Guía Para La 

Mujer de Edad Mayor

• Controlling High Blood Pressure: A Guide for Older 

Women in English and Spanish

• Take Steps to Prevent High Blood Pressure in 

English and Spanish

• Cut Down on Salt and Sodium in English and 

Spanish

• Churches as an Avenue to High Blood Pressure 

Control 

• Working With Religious Congregations: A Guide for 

Health Professionals

• Protect Your Heart! Prevent High Blood Pressure

• Spice up Your Life! Eat Less Salt and Sodium
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

136

• Keep the Harmony Within You—Check Your Blood 

Pressure.

NHBPEP Coordinating Committee Activities

 The organizations that belong to the NHBPEP coordinating committee have continuing education programs 

on the prevention and treatment of hypertension focusing 

on their minority members. They also support hypertension prevention and awareness in community-based settings such as screening, church activities, community 

awareness campaigns, and media events. 

High Serum Cholesterol

Etiology

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated projects to identify genes that influence the lipoprotein profile within various racial and ethnic groups. 

Research findings could offer an explanation for differences in susceptibility to CHD found among these populations.

Scientists are also interested in the protective effect of 

high-density lipoproteins (HDL). One study is focusing 

on isolating and characterizing native HDL species to 

determine their structure and function. Research findings may lead to new strategies to prevent and treat arteriosclerotic heart disease. Thirty-eight percent of the 

participants are minorities.

Variation in hepatic lipase activity is associated with 

differences in plasma concentrations of HDL and LDL 

synthesis and catabolism. Researchers are investigating 

whether ethnic differences in hepatic lipase activity are 

responsible for the well-known differences in plasma 

HDL concentrations found in blacks and whites. Genetic 

studies are being conducted on a population that is 39 

percent black.

Prevention

The NHLBI is supporting an investigator-initiated 

study among minority preschool children to track the 

long-term effectiveness of nutrition interventions on 

blood cholesterol and diet. Additional potential risk factors, such as increased blood pressure, obesity, and intention to smoke, also will be monitored.

Education

The NCEP (see Chapter 2) has prepared the following 

publications on blood cholesterol for minority audiences. 

• Learn Your Cholesterol Number in Spanish and 

English

• Protect Your Heart—Lower Your Blood Cholesterol 

in Spanish and English

• Heart-Healthy Home Cooking African American 

Style

• Delicious Heart-Healthy Latino Recipes

• Cut Down on Fat—Not on Taste in Spanish and 

English

• Empower Yourself! Learn Your Cholesterol Number

• Be Heart Smart! Eat Foods Lower in Saturated Fats 

and Cholesterol

• American Indian Alaska Native People: Treat Your 

Heart to a Healthy Celebration

Publications are available from the NHLBI public 

Web site or through the NHLBI online catalog. 

Obesity

Etiology 

The latest NHANES data show a continued rise in the 

proportion of Americans who are overweight; black 

women are especially at risk. To understand the reasons 

for racial disparity among women, the Institute initiated 

a long-term program, the NHLBI Growth and Health 

Study (NGHS), to examine the development of obesity 

and CVD risk factors in a biracial cohort of young girls. 

The study, which ended in FY 2000, found black girls 

consumed more calories and a higher percentage of calories from fat and watched more television than white 

girls. An investigator-initiated study using the NGHS 

cohort, starting at ages 18 to 19 years, is examining the 

changes in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance 

that occur with developing obesity and the influence of 

these changes on ethnic difference in blood pressure regulation. Another project, using data from the NHGS, is 

examining CHD risk factors in black and white girls to 

identify genes involved in black-white differences in 

lipid metabolism and obesity. 

Pregnancy is often associated with excess weight gain 

and postpartum weight retention that can lead to obesity. 

Understanding the determinants of pregnancy-associated 

weight gain and retention is the focus of a project being 

conducted within a predominantly black and Hispanic 

population of pregnant adolescents.
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Prevention and Treatment

The NHLBI has initiated a program to prevent obesity 

in high-risk children.

• GEMS (see Chapter 11): Tests the effectiveness of 

weight-control interventions (involving diet, 

physical activity, and psychosocial and familial 

influences) administered during the critical 

transition period from prepuberty to puberty in black 

girls at high risk for obesity.

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies on the effectiveness of obesity prevention and control interventions among diverse populations. 

Black and Hispanic parents and children at Head Start 

sites are participating in a nutrition education and weightcontrol program; 70 percent of the participants will be 

minorities. Another study will test the effectiveness of a 

family-based intervention to prevent obesity in lowincome Latino children. 

A school-based study involving predominantly minority children is determining whether reducing the amount 

of time children spend watching television and videos 

and playing video games prevents obesity. A project with 

a subject population consisting of Asians, Hispanics, and 

whites is testing an integrated school- and communitybased intervention involving physical activity and diet to 

reduce the prevalence of obesity. An ancillary study to 

an Institute-initiated program to reduce the decline in 

physical activity in adolescent girls (TAAG) is investigating the role of community characteristics (e.g., street 

design, access to public transportation, facilities for physical activity, population mix, and socioeconomic mix of 

the neighborhood) to physical activity levels and body 

mass index; approximately 50 percent of the girls are 

minority.

The Institute is supporting a weight loss maintenance 

trial to test the effectiveness of two strategies to promote 

the long-term maintenance of weight loss in adults who 

recently lost weight; about 40 percent of the population 

will be blacks. Another study will evaluate the effectiveness of diets of different macronutrient compositions to 

promote and sustain weight loss in adults; approximately 

25 percent of the population will be black.

Black women are the subjects of a weight management 

program specifically tailored to their psychosocial, sociocultural, and health perspectives and life circumstances. 

A study, using data from the NHANES III, seeks to determine whether multiple perceptions and behaviors related 

to weight loss cluster according to sociodemographic 

characteristics. Research findings may lead to the design 

of culturally sensitive intervention strategies for minorities. Blacks and Mexican-Americans at various SES levels constituted the major portion of the population 

surveyed. 

Education

The NHLBI OEI (see Chapter 2) has prepared health 

information on losing excess weight targeted to minorities. 

• Watch Your Weight in English and Spanish

• Embrace Your Health! Lose Weight if You Are 

Overweight

Publications are available from the NHLBI public Web 

site or through the NHLBI online catalog. 

Physical Inactivity

The Institute has initiated research on the effectiveness 

of intervention programs to encourage greater physical 

activity within selected groups. 

• TAAG (see Chapter 11): Tests the effectiveness of 

school-community linked interventions to reduce 

the decline in physical activity in adolescent girls, 

from grades 6 through 8. Of 3,600 girls from 36 

schools, approximately 30 percent will be 

minorities.

The NHLBI supports several investigator-initiated 

studies on strategies to increase physical activity among 

minority populations. Included among them are studies 

to examine the effect of vigorous exercise on reduction of 

childhood obesity in black girls. Adolescent girls are the 

focus of a number of projects that seek to determine the 

optimal amount of exercise required for primary prevention of CHD, provide culturally relevant physical activities, enhance social support for exercise, and test the 

effects of different amounts and intensities of physical 

activity on CVD risk factors. Hispanic women and 

women with low SES and literacy skills are subjects in 

two intervention projects to encourage sustained 

increases in physical activity among sedentary and 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

138

underserved groups. One of the projects is also seeking 

to determine the degree of generalization of activity from 

wife to husband and mother to child. 

Education

The Institute has prepared the publications listed 

below for minorities on the importance of physical activity and ways to become more physically active. 

• Stay Active and Feel Better in English and Spanish

• Energize Yourself! Stay Physically Active

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Be 

Active for Your Heart!

Publications are available through the NHLBI public 

Web site or from the NHLBI online catalog. 

Smoking 

The Institute supports a number of investigatorinitiated smoking intervention and follow-up cessation 

maintenance studies that specifically target minorities. 

Two studies are directed toward minority pregnant 

women. One is evaluating the effectiveness of a smoking cessation program for pregnant smokers delivered as 

part of routine care by nurses. The other is bringing 

together prenatal care providers with researchers to 

assess the effectiveness of three programs to reduce 

smoking among pregnant women; a significant portion 

of the participants are black or Hispanic.

Investigators also are evaluating the effectiveness of 

two smoking cessation programs for smokers who seek 

treatment at the hospital emergency department. One 

study involves patients who suffer from acute respiratory 

illness; approximately 35 percent are minorities. The 

other targets Chinese-American patients hospitalized 

with CVD, pulmonary disease, or diabetes mellitus.

Other projects being supported include a study to 

assess the extent of smoking onset and cessation in 

minority youths, identify determinants of smoking onset, 

and determine predictors of cessation; a study of elderly 

smokers (40 percent minority) to evaluate the effectiveness of three smoking cessation strategies; and an intervention study tailored to an underserved population at 

risk for smoking relapse, smoking onset, and smokeless 

tobacco use.

Education

The Institute has prepared the following publications 

on smoking cessation for minorities. 

• Kick the Smoking Habit in English and Spanish

• Refresh Yourself! Stop Smoking

• American Indian and Alaska Native People: Help 

Your Heart

Publications are available from the NHLBI public 

Web site or through the NHLBI online catalog.

Psychosocial Factors

The NHLBI has initiated research on the impact of 

depression, anxiety, and lack of social support on prognosis after a CHD event.

• ENRICHD (see Chapter 11): Determined the 

effects of psychosocial interventions on morbidity 

and mortality in post-MI patients who were 

depressed and socially isolated and/or who 

perceived themselves as lacking support from 

family and friends; 34 percent of the participants are 

minorities.

The Institute supports investigator-initiated research 

on the role of race and ethnicity, psychosocial and environmental factors, and low SES in the development of 

CHD. Scientists are investigating the contribution of 

biobehavioral factors in the etiology, pathogenesis, and 

course of CHD.

Investigators are also interested in the effects of race 

and psychosocial factors, such as hostility, on glucose 

metabolism. A study was initiated to study how hostility 

is differentially related to glucose metabolism in blacks 

and whites. Research findings may increase understanding of the differences in the etiology of diabetes in the 

two groups.

Additional areas of focus include the genetic basis of 

aggression and the relationships between behavioral 

risk-promoting variables (psychosocial stress, smoking, 

poor diet, physical inactivity); presumed mediating variables (sympathetic nervous system activity and insulin 

metabolism); and CHD risk factors; 50 to 65 percent of 

the population within these projects are black or 

Hispanic.
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Ischemic Heart Disease

The NHLBI supports a major multicenter program 

involving basic and clinical research on ischemic heart 

disease in blacks.

• Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks (see Chapter 9): 

Elucidates the pathophysiological basis for excess 

morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease 

in blacks, and subsequently develops therapeutic 

strategies to address these problems. 

Diabetes

Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians have a high 

prevalence of diabetes. The NHLBI supports research to 

elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the 

relationship between diabetes mellitus and elevated risk 

for CVD. 

Several investigator-initiated studies are examining the 

genetic relationships between noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and atherosclerosis. They 

include a study among two sets of Hispanic families with 

NIDDM, one with CHD and one without; a study in 

Mexican-Americans to determine common genes linking 

insulin resistance and coronary artery disease; a project 

in Japanese-American families to characterize the genetic 

epidemiology of CHD risk factors (high LDL, risk factors that characterize the insulin resistance syndrome and 

NIDDM, and lipoprotein(a) levels and apo-lipoprotein(a) 

phenotypes); and a project in blacks and Hispanics to 

examine genetic determinants of insulin resistance and 

visceral adiposity as intermediate components in the 

pathways that lead to type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.

In addition, the Institute supports research on the role 

of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the development of vascular disease. A study in American Indians 

with NIDDM is seeking to elucidate the underlying biological processes and their interaction in the acceleration 

of atherogenesis. A project in a diverse diabetic patient 

population of blacks, whites, and Hispanics with and 

without carotid atherosclerosis is seeking to understand 

the atherogenicity of hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes by 

focusing on the size and number of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

Hypertension and diabetes are major contributors to 

CVD and occur disproportionately in blacks. In particular, black women seem to have earlier disease onset and 

poorer outcomes. Scientists are investigating the link 

between hypertension and type 2 diabetes and the relative 

excess of androgen found in black women to determine 

whether insulin resistance, excess androgen, and endothelial dysfunction contribute to accelerated vascular 

injury in blacks.

Other investigator-initiated studies on diabetes and 

CVD risk among minority populations include a survey 

to compare the prevalence of diabetes and CVD risk factors among native Mexicans and Mexican-Americans 

and a study among blacks, whites, and Hispanics with 

existing insulin resistance, including impaired glucose 

tolerance and NIDDM, to identy dietary factors that may 

contribute to elevated risk for CVD.

Treatment

The NHLBI supports clinical trials to determine the 

benefits of various strategies to reduce CVD among 

patients with diabetes or treat patients with coronary 

artery disease and diabetes.

• ACCORD (see Chapter 11): Evaluates the benefits 

of different therapies to reduce CVD in type 2 

diabetes; 33 percent of the participants are 

minorities.

• BARI 2D (see Chapter 9): Evaluates whether urgent 

revascularization offers an advantage over medical 

therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and 

diabetes. In addition, for a given level of glycemic 

control, determines if insulin-providing drugs offer 

advantages or risks compared to insulin-sensitizers 

(drugs that enhance insulin action); 33 percent of the 

participants will be from minority populations.

• SANDS (see Chapter 9): Compares intensive treatment (pharmacologic agents, such as ACE inhibitors 

and simvastatin for high blood pressure and LDL 

cholesterol) to conventional treatment in 488 American Indians with diabetes, ages 40 or older. The primary outcome measure is change in carotid 

intimal-medial thickness.

 Lung Diseases

The NHLBI supports research on a number of lung 

diseases, such as asthma, sarcoidosis, and TB, that disproportionately affect minorities. The following section 

provides examples of research to address health disparities in lung diseases. 
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Asthma

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by 

inflammation of the airways. Various genetic and environmental factors contribute to the severity of symptoms. 

The Institute has launched a collaborative program to 

investigate the mechanistic basis for severe asthma and 

to determine how it differs from mild-to-moderate 

asthma.

The NHLBI is supporting a number of investigatorinitiated projects on the etiology and pathophysiology of 

asthma. Two studies are using genomic screening to 

search for the genetic basis of asthma, one in a large 

sample of Asian siblings who are already known to differ 

widely in their airway responsiveness (sensitivity to histamine) and lung function and another in a homogeneous 

Hispanic population in Costa Rica. 

Other projects are focusing on understanding the 

mechanisms by which environmental factors trigger the 

onset of asthma. One study is investigating the role of 

viruses in the exacerbation of asthma; 50 percent of the 

participants are minorities. Another is examining how 

pulmonary infection caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae 

exacerbates asthma and prolongs abnormalities in lung 

function; 40 percent of the participants are minority. A 

third study is seeking to understand the role of geneenvironment interactions in the development of immune 

responses in a pediatric population that is genetically 

predisposed to asthma; 40 percent of the participants are 

Hispanic.

Occupational or environmental induced asthma is a 

major problem, especially among low-income, urban 

blacks and Hispanics. The NHLBI is supporting a 

project to examine work-related asthma in those populations.

Circadian change in airway function is an important 

aspect of asthma; more than 70 percent of deaths and 80 

percent of respiratory arrests occur during sleep. 

Researchers are investigating the mechanisms that cause 

the changes in airway function in nocturnal asthma that 

lead to exacerbation of symptoms; 36 percent of the participants are minority.

Treatment and Control

The Institute has initiated research to identify optimal 

drug strategies for treatment and management of asthma. 

Because the disorder disproportionately affects minority 

children, it is important for them to be well represented 

in clinical trials.

• ACRN (see Chapter 9): Established an interactive 

network of asthma clinical research groups to 

conduct studies of new therapies for asthma and 

disseminate findings to the practicing community. 

Overall, 37 percent of the participants are from 

minority populations.

• CAMP (see Chapter 11): Determined that inhaled 

corticosteroids are safe and effective for long-term 

treatment of children with mild-to-moderate 

asthma. The therapy proved more effective than 

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication and 

significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness. 

The only side-effect was a transient slowing in 

growth rate during the first year of treatment; 31 

percent of the participants were minorities.

• CARE (see Chapter 11): Established a network of 

pediatric clinical care centers to determine optimal 

treatment and management strategies for children 

with asthma. The study will attempt to customize 

therapy based on specific asthma phenotypes and 

genotypes; 30 percent of the population will be 

minorities.

• Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities (see 

Chapter 9): Establishes partnerships between 

minority-serving institutions and research-intensive 

institutions to conduct studies on causes of and 

corrections for disparities in asthma among racial/

ethnic and low SES populations. Reciprocal 

training is encouraged to ensure culturally sensitive 

projects and enhance research capabilities. 

The Institute is also supporting an investigatorinitiated study on the effect of steroids on enhanced 

alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness in asthma; 77 

percent of the participants are minority.

Translational Activities

Ensuring full use of modern asthma treatment strategies is an important goal of the NHLBI. An investigatorinitiated study, conducted in black communities in 

Baltimore, is examining the effectiveness of two asthma 

interventions to reduce emergency room visits, improve 

adherence to medication schedules, and lower asthma 

morbidity. One strategy provides assistance to families 

in accessing medical care; the other combines this assistance with a family intervention to encourage consistent 
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use of asthma medication. Another study examines 

whether shared decision-making between patient and 

physician in choosing asthma therapy improves adherence; 82 percent of the participants are minority.

A New York City-based study is establishing a collaboration between school nurses and primary care physicians to form a network of care focused on prevention of 

asthma attacks. The project seeks to identify school children with asthma and work with their families and physicians to develop an asthma management plan that 

includes supervision of drug treatment at school. The 

project is referring children who lack continuing care to 

physicians who follow the NAEPP Guidelines.

In San Diego, scientists are evaluating an intervention 

project to reduce tobacco-related morbidity among low 

SES Hispanic children with asthma. By collaborating 

with Hispanic counselors, researchers have developed a 

behavioral program that seeks to reduce environmental 

tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children with asthma. 

In Ohio, investigators are testing the effects of reducing indoor ETS on asthma symptoms, pulmonary function, airway inflammation, and health services use; 44 

percent of the participants are minorities. 

Another ETS intervention program is being tested 

among predominately low SES black and Hispanic children in Los Angeles. Researchers are evaluating the 

effectiveness of two low-cost interventions (one involving counseling and booster telephone calls, and the other 

involving a video and household reminder kit) to reduce 

asthma morbidity. 

In St. Louis, a randomized controlled trial is being 

conducted among young black children recruited at the 

time of an emergency department visit for asthma exacerbation. Investigators are testing the effectiveness of an 

intervention strategy that includes case management, 

telephone contacts, and a monetary incentive to increase 

follow-up visits to primary care providers.

Education

The NAEPP (see Chapter 2) has developed easy-toread materials on asthma treatment and control directed 

to audiences with low literacy. 

• Facts About Controlling Your Asthma

• El asthma: cómo controlar esta enfermedad

Publications are available from the NHLBI public 

Web site or through the NHLBI online catalog. 

Chronic Lung Disease in Premature Infants

The NHLBI supports research on prevention of 

chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) in 

preterm infants.

• Inhaled Nitric Oxide (NO) for the Prevention of 

Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) (see Chapter 9): 

Determines if low-dose inhaled NO will reduce 

CLD in premature newborns (gestational age less 

than 34 weeks and birth weight between 500 and 

1250 grams at birth) with respiratory failure that 

required mechanical ventilation in the first 48 hours 

of life; 27 percent of the infants will be from 

minority populations.

• Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung 

Disease (see Chapter 9): Investigates whether lowdose inhaled NO administered to preterm infants 

between 500 and 1250 grams birth weight who 

continue to require mechanical ventilation at 10 

days of age increases survival without CLD at 36 

weeks postmenstrual age; 55 percent of the infants 

will be from minority populations. 

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown 

etiology that affects the lungs. Institute-initiated 

research includes:

• Sarcoidosis Genetic Linkage Consortium (see 

Chapter 9): Identifies genes linked to sarcoidosis 

susceptibility and determines how they interact with 

environmental risk factors to cause sarcoidosis; 

100 percent of the participants are black. 

Investigator-initiated studies on the causes of sarcoidosis include a study to identify genes linked to sarcoidosis susceptibility in blacks and to determine if 

hereditary susceptibility predisposes blacks to sarcoidosis and a project to elucidate the mechanisms involved in 

the immunologic and inflammatory processes that ultimately lead to end-stage fibrosis in progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis; 50 percent of the participants are black.

Sleep Disorders

The NHLBI supports research on the etiology, pathophysiology, and consequences of sleep-disordered 

breathing (SDB), a condition characterized by repetitive 

interruptions in breathing. Sleep apnea, a common disorder that disproportionately affects blacks, is associated 
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142

with an increased risk of CVD, and is particularly prevalent in heart failure patients. An Institute-initiated program is developing new approaches to measure the 

interrelationship between sleep disorders and heart, lung, 

and blood diseases. One study will examine the interrelationship between sleep apnea and heart failure and 

the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular stress when the 

two occur together. 

The Institute also supports a wide spectrum of 

investigator-initiated projects to elucidate cardiovascular 

and other health consequences of SDB. Ongoing studies 

of SDB in various community settings are assessing its 

health risks within specific ethnic populations, including 

blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. A 

study of sleep in black families will investigate whether 

sleep problems contribute to diabetes and the potential 

relationship to CVD. Characterization of how SDB 

occurs within family groups is helping to identify potential genetic risk factors that may allow early identification and treatment of high-risk individuals. 

Treatment strategies for SDB are another area of interest. A multisite clinical trial was initiated to determine 

whether continuous positive airway pressure is an effective treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairment associated with moderate-to-severe 

SDB; 30 percent of the participants are minority. 

Tuberculosis

Beginning in1993, the NHLBI funded five annual 

competitions for Tuberculosis Academic Awards 

(TBAAs). The broad goal of the TBAA program was to 

improve prevention, management, and control of TB by 

supporting increased opportunities for health-care practitioners to learn modern principles and practices. The 

TBAA program promoted coordinated clinical 

approaches to the care of patients of various ethnic backgrounds who have TB; raised awareness among health 

care providers of unique ethnic cultural, and socioeconomic dimensions of TB; focused educational efforts in 

areas where TB incidence is persistently high (e.g., immigrant communities, refugee centers, homeless shelters, 

correctional facilities); promoted development of minority faculty capable of providing appropriate instruction in 

diagnosis and management of TB; and enhanced TB education programs in minority medical schools and in the 

communities they serve. The program ended in 2002. 

Building on the foundation laid by the TBAA program, 

the NHLBI funded a contract in 2003 for a TB Curriculum Coordinating Center to provide access to the best TB 

educational and training opportunities in the United 

States. The program is directed to medical schools, nursing schools, and allied health schools—especially those 

that provide primary care to communities where TB is 

endemic and the population is at high risk.

In 2001, the Institute initiated a program on Genetic 

Aspects of Tuberculosis in the Lung. Four of the 10 

awards were given to institutions conducting genetic 

studies in humans to characterize genes associated with 

TB susceptibility and host immune responses to infection. A large number of the participants are being 

recruited from minority populations. 

The NHLBI supports a number of investigatorinitiated studies focused on understanding the relationship of the immune system to TB. Most of the patients 

are from minority populations with HIV. One group is 

seeking to identify the correlates of protective immunity 

in a Mexican population in order to aid development of 

anti-TB vaccines. Another group will conduct a Phase I 

safety trial on a vaccine with a patient population consisting of 85 percent minorities. A third group is examining 

the role of interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of TB 

among Hispanics with and without HIV. A fourth group 

is identifying and characterizing host factors that predispose Asians to develop TB. 

The NHLBI also supports research to improve TB control among minority populations. One project is evaluating educational strategies to improve adherence to 

medication regimes and regular clinic visits among TBinfected adolescents in California. The program, based 

in San Diego, is specifically directed towards Hispanic 

adolescents. Another study, located in the Harlem community of New York City, is testing a new strategy to 

promote adherence to therapy among inner-city TB 

patients. Both programs are outgrowths of behavioral 

research programs begun by the Institute in 1995. 

Blood Diseases

Sickle Cell Disease

SCD is an inherited blood disorder that produces 

chronic anemia, end organ damage, and periodic episodes of pain. It affects about 1 in 500 blacks and 1 in 

1,000 Hispanics. Since 1972, the NHLBI has supported 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

143

an extensive research program to improve understanding 

of the pathophysiology of SCD and uncover better 

approaches for its diagnosis and treatment and for prevention of complications. 

• Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program (see 

Chapter 9): Provides a multidisciplinary and 

multilevel research approach to expedite 

development and application of new knowledge for 

improved diagnosis and treatment of SCD and 

prevention of its complications. 

Basic Research

Basic research often uncovers new clues that lead to 

the development of improved therapies. Recent findings 

from research on coagulation and vascular systems have 

suggested new targets to pursue in the development of 

potential therapeutic agents to alleviate chronic painful 

episodes linked to SCD.

The NO pathway for modulation of blood flow has 

become another area of focus. In a recent advance, 

researchers have linked the premature destruction of red 

blood cells in SCD with release of free hemoglobin into 

blood, which leads to reduced NO activity and blood 

vessel blockage. This observation identifies the root 

causes of vessel blockage in SCD patients and may 

reveal new molecules and processes to pursue. It also 

suggests therapies to restore NO activity in the body may 

prove beneficial for patients with SCD.

Gene transfer and therapy research continues as an 

approach to finding a cure for SCD patients. Under 

NHLBI support, this technically difficult work is 

actively pursued by researchers throughout the United 

States. 

Another area of concentration is developing improved 

drugs to induce fetal hemoglobin. Hydroxyurea does not 

benefit all patients. In 2003, the NHLBI released two 

initiatives, Mechanisms of Fetal Hemoglobin Gene 

Silencing for Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and 

Cooley’s Anemia and Chemical Screen for New Inducers of Fetal Hemoglobin, as part of an ongoing strategic 

plan for a gene-based cure for beta chain hemoglobinopathies. 

The NHLBI continues to support the Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for SCD, which uses a battery of standardized tests for preclinical evaluation of 

potential new therapeutic agents for SCD.

In 2003, several published papers concerning the 

genetic component of stroke in SCD indicated that stroke 

events, as well as cerebral vasculopathy, occur in families. This strengthens the rationale for identifying 

genetic factors that predispose a patient to stroke in SCD.

Clinical Research

The NHLBI is committed to finding improved treatments and ultimately a cure for SCD and other hemoglobinopathies. Institute-initiated studies have begun to 

yield therapies that will alleviate the symptoms of sickle 

cell anemia and procedures that should ultimately provide a cure.

• Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) Patients’ 

Follow-up (see Chapter 11): Seeks to determine the 

toxic effects of long-term hydroxyurea use in the 

patients who participated in the adult hydroxyurea 

clinical trial that ended successfully in 1995; 

100 percent of the participants are black. 

• BABY HUG (see Chapter 11): Determines the 

effectiveness of hydroxyurea in preventing onset of 

chronic organ damage in young black children with 

end-stage sickle cell anemia. 

• STOP 2 (see Chapter 9): Optimizes primary 

prevention treatment strategy proven effective in 

STOP 1 in a minority pediatric population. 

The NHLBI is supporting several transplant-related 

clinical studies that are seeking to reach minority populations. To ensure increased awareness and equitable 

opportunities for participation, the studies support bilingual transplant center personnel and provide public Web 

pages, educational material, and informed consent documents in Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese. In addition, focus groups have been held to 

identify barriers to participation.

• Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study 

(COBLT) (see Chapter 11): Determines whether 

umbilical cord blood (UBC) can substitute for 

marrow in children with leukemia who need a 

transplant; approximately 57 percent of the cord 

blood units are from minority donors. In FY 2003, 

63 Hispanics and 17 Asian Americans received a 

transplant through the COBLT study—19 percent of 

the total transplants performed. 

Each year in the United States, approximately 1,500 

children are diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, and 30 to 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

144

50 children with thalassemia. A recent retrospective 

analysis of 44 children who have been transplanted with 

sibling cord blood for SCD or thalassemia showed that 

matched sibling cord blood transplantation offers the 

potential for a cure. 

• Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and 

Transplantation (see Chapter 9): Establishes a cord 

blood bank for collecting sibling donor cord blood 

in families that currently have a child with sickle 

cell anemia or thalassemia. Investigators will 

evaluate the safety and effectiveness of matched 

sibling cord blood transplantation for treatment of 

children with SCD or thalassemia. A majority of 

the participants are black.

Transplants for patients with sickle cell anemia are 

performed at many centers across the United States, with 

few performed at a single center. To promote a unified 

strategy for sharing data, the NHLBI, with support from 

the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities, awarded a grant supplement to the International 

Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR) to collect 

data on demographics and outcome of patients with 

sickle cell anemia who have received a blood or marrow 

transplant. Recognizing that the registry by itself may 

not be sufficient to instill a sense of collaboration among 

investigators, the Institute, with support from the NIH 

Office of Rare Diseases, recently sponsored a meeting to 

bring together transplant investigators to review data collected by the IBMTR and to develop a systematic plan to 

sustain an infrastructure for collaboration among U.S. 

centers treating and transplanting patients with sickle 

cell anemia. 

Additional clinical transplantation research is conducted through the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN), a joint effort with the 

National Cancer Institute. This network will promote the 

efficient comparison of novel treatment methods and 

management strategies for patients undergoing blood or 

marrow transplantation. It has developed strategies and 

has implemented procedures to enroll patients from 

minority groups.

The life span of individuals with SCD has increased 

due to the significant improvement in available treatment 

modalities. However, the increased longevity has raised 

quality-of-life issues and psychosocial problems for 

patients—nonmedical issues (e.g., social, family, work 

environment, health insurance) that arise from living 

with SCD as a chronic disease. To address the issues, the 

NHBLI recently supported two meetings on quality-oflife concerns for adults with SCD. The first meeting 

brought together consumers affected by SCD (patient, 

families, health care personnel), and the second assembled researchers with psychosocial expertise. Both 

worked toward the goal of developing, testing, and 

implementing a psychometrically sound sickle cellspecific quality-of-life questionnaire that can be used in 

research and clinical settings. The ultimate objective is 

to create a comprehensive care model of SCD.

Education

The NHLBI has developed a number of publications 

on SCD that target minorities. 

• Datos Sobre La Anemia Falciforme (Facts About 

Sickle Cell Anemia) 

• Fact Sheet: Hydroxyurea in Pediatric Patients With 

Sickle Cell Disease 

• Facts About Sickle Cell Anemia

• Patient Fact Sheet: The Multicenter Study of 

Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia (MSH) 

• Management and Therapy of Sickle Cell Disease

Publications are available from the NHLBI public 

Web site or through the NHLBI online catalog. 

Cooley’s Anemia

Cooley’s anemia is an inherited disorder of the red 

blood cell that affects primarily people of Mediterranean, 

African, Southeast Asian, Chinese, and Asiatic Indian 

origin. In 2000, the Institute initiated a program to establish a network of clinical research centers to evaluate 

new therapeutic agents.

• Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research 

Network (see Chapter 11): Establishes a group of 

clinical centers to accelerate research in the 

management of thalassemia, standardize existing 

treatments, and evaluate new ones.

Investigator-initiated studies include efforts to develop 

oral chelators to remove the iron overload caused by 

repetitive transfusion therapy, exploration of hormone 

therapy for patients surviving into their teens, testing of 

drugs to enhance fetal hemoglobin production (hydroxyurea and butyrate), investigation of gene therapy 

approaches to cure the disease, prevention of bone diseases, optimum treatment of hepatitis, treatment of heart 
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Chapter 12. Minority Activites

145

disease and iron overload, noninvasive ways of measuring iron burden, and efforts to improve the safety of the 

Nation’s blood supply.

Women’s Health Initiative

Coronary heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis are 

the most common causes of death, disability, and 

impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. The 

WHI (see Chapters 2 and 11) seeks to answer questions 

on benefits and risks of HT, changes in dietary patterns, 

and calcium/vitamin D supplements in disease prevention. Several of the centers have recruited primarily 

minority populations: blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians. The Clinical Trial recruited 12,607 minorities and the Observational Study 15,658. Overall, of the 161,809 postmenopausal women recruited into the WHI, 17 percent were 

minorities. 

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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

147

NHLBI Research Training and Career Development Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Full-Time Training Positions: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

* National Research Service Awards (NRSA).

Note: Numbers of awards and trainees may not agree with other tables due to the method of counting supplements.

13. Research Training and Career 

Development Programs

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellow ships

Dollars in Millions

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellow ships

Number of Trainees

Year

Graduate Training

Programs (NRSA)*

Research Career

Programs

Fellowship Programs

(NRSA)*
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

148

Training Awards, Full-Time Training Positions, and Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Year 2003

* Excludes assessment of $1,716,000.

Number of 

Awards 

Obligated

Trainees 

(Full-time 

Training 

Positions) Direct Cost

Indirect 

Cost Total Cost

Percent of 

Total NHLBI 

Training 

Program 

Dollars

Fellowship Programs

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship Award (F31) 19 19 $ 562,958 $ — $ 562,958 0.7%

Individual NRSA (F32) 164 164 7,867,728 — 7,867,728 9.4

Senior Fellowships NRSA (F33) 2 2 112,616 — 112,616 0.1

Subtotal, Fellowships 185 185 8,543,302 — 8,543,302 10.2

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 214 1,542 64,804,679 5,146,036 69,950,715 83.2

Minority Institutional NRSA (T32) 6 42 919,348 86,432 1,005,780 1.2

Off-Quarter Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, T35 

16 93 1,817,327 157,735 1,975,062 2.3

Short-Term Training for Minority

Students (T35M)

32 107 2,382,465 211,978 2,594,443 3.1

Subtotal, Graduate Training Programs 268 1,784 69,923,819 5,602,181 75,526,000 89.9

Total, Training Programs 453 1,969 $78,467,121 $5,602,181 $84,069,302 100.0%
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

149

History of Training Obligations by Activity: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

A Excludes Assessment of $888,000.

B Excludes Assessment of $864,000.

C Excludes Assessment of $964,000.

D Excludes Assessment of $982,000.

E Excludes Assessment of $1,004,000.

F Excludes Assessment of $1,032,000.

G Excludes Assessment of $1,216,000.

H Excludes Assessment of $1,280,000.

I Excludes Assessment of $1,424,000.

J Excludes Assessment of $1,584,000.

K Excludes Assessment of $1,716,000.

Dollars (Thousands)

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

$ 97 $ 199 $ 304 $ 551 $ 388 $ 466 $ 346 $ 248 $ 264 $ 478 $ 563

Individual NRSA (F32) 5,867 6,853 6,651 6,483 6,281 6,969 8,807 8,517 8,515 8,887 7,868

Senior Fellowships 

NRSA (F33)

141 99 99 233 179 125 90 92 147 84 112

Intramural NRSA (F35) 70 69 49 — — — — — — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 6,175 7,220 7,103 7,267 6,848 7,560 9,243 8,857 8,926 9,449 8,543

Graduate Training 

Programs

Institutional NRSA 

(T32)

34,846A 36,534B 36,270C 36,718D 38,253E 37,904F 45,551G 50,507H 58,516I 62,999J 69,951K

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

35 735 982 679 898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006

Off-Quarter 

Professional Student 

Training NRSA (T34, 

T35)

1,744 1,132 951 1,001 1,216 1,435 1,384 966 1,974 1,987 1,975

MARC (T36) 15 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 — —

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students 

(T35M)

573 1,616 1,760 1,834 1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,877 2,057 2,594

Subtotal, Training 

Grants

37,213 40,022 39,968 40,237 41,984 42,014 50,335 55,215 63,368 68,135 75,526

Total, Training 

Programs

$43,388A $47,242B $47,071C $47,504D $48,832E $49,574F $59,578G $64,072H $72,294I $77,585J $84,069K
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

150

Full-Time Training Positions by Activity: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Number of Positions

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Fellowship Programs

Predoctoral Fellowship 

Award (F31)

4 7 13 21 15 19 13 11 12 18 19

Individual NRSA (F32) 200 229 222 220 210 225 237 225 208 194 164

Senior Fellowships NRSA 

(F33)

4447542232 2

Intramural NRSA (F35) 3 2 2 — — — — — — — —

Subtotal, Fellowships 211 242 241 248 230 248 252 238 223 214 185

Graduate Training Programs

Institutional NRSA (T32) 1,124 1,237 1,201 1,216 1,179 1,423 1,185 1,368 1,425 1,482 1,542

Minority Institutional 

NRSA (T32)

1 30 47 30 43 52 53 48 43 39 42

Off-Quarter Professional 

Student Training NRSA 

(T34, T35)

181 100 76 78 68 — — 51 109 179 93

Short-Term Training for 

Minority Students (T35M)

40 102 125 113 75 — — 136 93 30 107

Subtotal, Training Grants 1,346 1,469 1,449 1,437 1,365 1,475 1,238 1,603 1,670 1,730 1,784

Total, Training Positions 1,557 1,711 1,690 1,685 1,595 1,723 1,490 1,841 1,893 1,944 1,969
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151

NHLBI Research Career Programs: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01)

— — — — 5 19 30 29 44 54 47

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research 

Scientist Development Award (K01)

———— 1——11927

Mentored Scientist Development Award in Research 

Ethics (K01)

—————————— 2

Independent Scientist Award (K02) — — — 3 8 14 18 27 34 33 32

Research Career Development Award (K04) 40 34 30 25 18 10 6 1 — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 6 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2

Preventive Cardiology Academic Award (K07) 14 11 7 — — — — — — — —

Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award (K07) 11 8 4 — — — — — — — —

Transfusion Medicine Academic Award (K07) 12 9 5 2 ———————

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular Disease Academic 

Award (K07)

11 11 15 11 9 3 3 1 — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 3 6 9 9 9 6 3 — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 6 12 15 19 23 20 13 9 5 — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) — — — 8 12 20 20 20 12 8 —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — — — — — 10 10 19 19 19 9

Clinical Investigator Development Award (K08) 180 208 222 254 267 278 262 257 241 236 240

Physician Scientist Award (K11) 60 46 22 12 — — — — — — —

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14) 15 12 11 15 9 — — 4 1 — —

Research Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K14)

— 13 28 36 34 37 22 7 — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18)

—————————— 1

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career 

Development Award (K23)

— — — — — — 13 36 58 90 110

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24)

— — — — — — 11 20 27 37 38

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development 

Award (K25)

———————— 2 7 9

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30) — — — — — — 9 16 55 55 55

Total, Research Career Programs 358 373 371 397 398 420 422 459 509 543 552
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Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

152

NHLBI Research Career Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for Minority 

Faculty (K01)

$ — $ — $ — $ — $ 460 $ 1,723 $ 2,738 $ 3,650 $ 5,556 $ 5,711 $ 6,156

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Award (K01)

— — — — 106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991

Mentored Scientist Development 

Award in Research Ethics (K01)

— — — — — — — — — — 255

Independent Scientist Award (K02) — — — 207 545 933 1,548 2,350 3,202 3,130 3,099

Research Career Development 

Award (K04)

2,595 2,224 2,006 1,693 1,226 684 568 69 — — —

Research Career Award (K06) 194 102 104 105 103 103 70 70 70 69 69

Preventive Cardiology Academic 

Award (K07)

1,801 1,397 957 — — — — — ———

Preventive Pulmonary Academic 

Award (K07)

1,040 726 309 — — — — — ———

Transfusion Medicine Academic 

Award (K07)

1,155 868 485 326 — — — — ———

Systemic Pulmonary and Vascular 

Diseases Academic Award (K07)

1,820 1,863 2,295 1,715 1,415 386 423 113 — — —

Asthma Academic Award (K07) 233 502 749 740 764 509 248 — — — —

Tuberculosis Academic Award (K07) 454 906 1,155 1,496 1,831 1,566 1,161 745 396 — —

Sleep Academic Award (K07) — — — 699 1,027 1,734 1,736 1,760 1,081 722 —

Nutrition Academic Award (K07) — — — — — 1,491 1,480 2,829 2,869 2,906 1,472

Clinical Investigator Development 

Award (K08)

14,125 16,635 18,090 21,093 22,238 23,122 29,741 30,189 29,263 29,295 30,288

Physician Scientist Award (K11) 5,110 3,993 1,903 1,023 — — — — — — —

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award (K14)

1,081 893 810 1,158 729 618 445 862 98 — —

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K14)

— 1,289 2,812 3,607 3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — — —

Career Enhancement Award for Stem 

Cell Research (K18)

— — — — — — — — — — 243

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research 

Career Development Award (K23)

— — — — — — 1,687 4,619 7,570 11,909 14,571

Midcareer Investigator Award in 

Patient-Oriented Research (K24)

— — — — — — 1,054 2,072 2,877 4,058 4,368

Mentored Quantitative Research 

Career Development Award (K25)

— — — — — — — — 272 921 1,195

Clinical Research Curriculum Award 

(K30)

— — — — — — 1,772 3,163 3,073 3,090 3,110

Total, Research Career Program 

Obligations

$29,608 $31,398 $31,675 $33,862 $33,912 $36,069 $47,670 $54,184 $57,470 $63,514 $65,817
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153

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Minority Biomedical Research Training, Career Development, and Research Supplements 

Program Obligations: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

MARC Summer Research Training 

Program

$ 48 $ 31 $ 28 $ 32 $ 17 $ — $ 10 $ 4 $ 20 $ 15 $ 4

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

— — — — 460 1,723 2,738 3,650 5,556 5,711 6,156

MARC — — — 5 5 5 — 5 5 — —

Minority Biomedical Research 

Support (MBRS)

2,540 2,433 2,313 2,503 2,722 2,978 3,423 3,873 3,165 2,793 3,600

Minority Institution Faculty 

Mentored Research Scientist 

Development Award

— — — — 106 101 905 1,300 1,143 1,703 991

Minority Institution Research 

Training Program

741 735 982 679 898 706 901 1,167 996 1,092 1,006

Minority Predoctoral Fellowship 114 199 304 551 388 436 345 248 264 278 308

Minority Research Supplements 

Program

6,273 6,754 7,265 6,714 7,070 7,043 7,440 8,304 8,587 9,822 9,323

Minority School Faculty 

Development Award

1,081 893 810 1,158 729 618 445 862 98 — —

Reentry Supplements — — — 140 152 249 106 176 384 — —

Research Development Award for 

Minority Faculty

— 1,289 2,812 3,607 3,468 3,099 2,093 393 — — —

Short-Term Training for Minority 

Students

573 1,616 1,760 1,834 1,612 1,964 2,494 2,570 1,876 2,057 2,594

Total, Minority Programs $11,370 $13,950 $16,274 $17,223 $17,627 $18,922 $20,900 $22,552 $22,095 $23,471 $23,982

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Dollars in Millions

Year
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 13. Research Training and Career Development Programs

154

NHLBI Research Supplements Program by Award Type: 

Fiscal Years 1993–2003

NHLBI Research Supplements Program Obligations by Award Type: Fiscal Years 1993–2003

Number of Awards

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Minority Supplements

Investigator 51 46 49 42 38 31 32 33 33 46 47

Postdoctoral 29 31 39 49 47 50 47 42 41 33 38

Graduate 45 55 42 37 36 48 53 47 43 45 57

Undergraduate 20 35 27 12 23 25 17 19 12 17 18

High School 5 15 10 8 9 11 6 — 3 3 4

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate————————— 2 8

Reentry Supplements — — — 2 2 3 2 1 3 — —

Disability Supplements — 8433215454

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

150 190 171 153 158 170 158 147 139 151 176

Dollars (Thousands)

Fiscal Year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Minority Supplements

Investigator $3,270 $2,894 $3,319 $2,552 $2,412 $2,185 $2,331 $3,262 $3,430 $5,046 $3,844

Postdoctoral 1,574 1,882 2,153 2,899 3,172 3,032 3,110 3,053 3,086 2,554 2,655

Graduate 1,263 1,585 1,402 1,116 1,181 1,527 1,806 1,791 1,818 1,864 2,181

Undergraduate 150 332 351 120 273 246 166 198 235 260 301

High School 16 61 40 27 32 53 27 — 18 33 33

Post-Master/PostBaccalaureate— — — — — — — — — 65 309

Reentry Supplements — — — 140 152 249 106 176 384 — —

Disability Supplements — 357 277 194 165 96 72 282 187 474 360

Total, Research Supplements 

Program

$6,273 $7,111 $7,542 $7,048 $7,387 $7,388 $7,618 $8,762 $9,158 $10,296 $9,683
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

155

14. Geographic Distribution of Awards:

Fiscal Year 2003

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State: Fiscal Year 2003

Dollars in Millions

$67.0 to 265.0 (11)

$38.0 to 66.9 (11)

$16.0 to 37.9 (7)

$4.0 to 15.9 (10)

$0 to 3.9 (12)

$100 to $300

$36 to 99

$16 to 35

$5 to 15

0 to 4

(9)

(10)

(11)

(9)

(12)
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

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156

Geographic Distribution of Awards by State or Country: Fiscal Year 2003

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar

Alabama

Auburn University at Auburn 2 225,170 1 178,750 1 46,420 — —

CFD Research Corporation 1 444,565 1 444,565 — — — —

Gem Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 278,764 1 278,764 — — — —

Tuskegee University 1 24,000 1 24,000 — — — —

University of Alabama at Birmingham 74 28,082,360 64 23,773,654 5 1,212,560 5 3,096,146

University of South Alabama 10 4,048,936 10 4,048,936 — — — —

Total Alabama 89 33,103,795 78 28,748,669 6 1,258,980 5 3,096,146

Arizona

Arete Associates 1 425,604 1 425,604 — — — —

Arizona State University 4 1,182,669 4 1,182,669 — — — —

Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center 1 225,000 1 225,000 — — — —

Intrinsic Bioprobes, Inc. 2 550,761 2 550,761 — — — —

Mayo Clinic Scottsdale 3 1,044,500 3 1,044,500 — — — —

St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical 

Center

1 308,558 1 308,558 — — — —

University of Arizona 42 17,105,798 36 15,192,254 5 831,700 1 1,081,844

Total Arizona 54 20,842,890 48 18,929,346 5 831,700 1 1,081,844

Arkansas

Arkansas Children’s Hospital 

Research Institute

2 415,250 2 415,250 — — — —

University of Arkansas for Medical 

Sciences, Little Rock

4 923,488 4 923,488 — — — —

Total Arkansas 6 1,338,738 6 1,338,738 — — — —

California

Advanced Biomedical Monitoring, 

Inc.

3 1,693,472 3 1,693,472 — — — —

Ansata Therapeutics, Inc. 1 240,894 1 240,894 — — — —

Beckman Research Institute 4 2,651,209 4 2,651,209 — — — —

Blaufuss Multimedia 1 98,612 1 98,612 — — — —

Burnham Institute 9 2,880,829 8 2,834,409 1 46,420 — —

California Institute of Technology 1 381,401 1 381,401 — — — —

California State University, 

Northridge

— 110,795 — 110,795 — — — —

California State University, 

Sacramento

1 132,000 1 132,000 — — — —

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 10 4,612,691 10 4,612,691 — — — —

Cellerant Therapeutics, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Children’s Hospital and Research 

Center at Oakland

14 8,974,183 12 8,738,516 2 235,667 — —

Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles 12 6,405,794 12 6,405,794 — — — —

Children’s Hospital of Orange County 1 39,807 — — 1 39,807 — —

Chimeric Technologies, Inc. 1 315,490 1 315,490 — — — —
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

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157

Cytograft Tissue Engineering, Inc. 1 429,750 1 429,750 — — — —

Diagnostics for the Real World 3 1,275,684 3 1,275,684 — — — —

Dimx, Inc. 1 134,090 1 134,090 — — — —

Fallbrook Engineering, Inc. 1 572,131 1 572,131 — — — —

Functional Insect Genomics Institute 1 161,471 1 161,471 — — — —

Gen-Probe, Inc. 1 2,469,071 — — — — 1 2,469,071

Good Samaritan Hospital 3 776,680 3 776,680 — — — —

Harbor-UCLA Research and 

Education Institute

10 3,509,264 8 2,682,425 — — 2 826,839

House Ear Institute 1 333,500 1 333,500 — — — —

HTD Biosystems, Inc. 1 99,693 1 99,693 — — — —

Institute of Critical Care Medicine 1 175,971 1 175,971 — — — —

Ichor Medical Systems 2 213,400 2 213,400 — — — —

Irwin Memorial Blood Centers 1 357,063 1 357,063 — — — —

Ischem Corporation 1 99,850 1 99,850 — — — —

J. David Gladstone Institutes 13 7,499,538 12 7,453,118 1 46,420 — —

Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 9 5,654,499 4 2,871,282 — — 5 2,783,217

La Jolla Bioengineering Institute 1 408,656 1 408,656 — — — —

La Jolla Institute for Experimental 

Medicine

2 777,375 2 777,375 — — — —

LaunchPoint Technologies, LLC 1 370,076 1 370,076 — — — —

LDM Associates 1 100,336 1 100,336 — — — —

Loma Linda University 7 1,763,000 7 1,763,000 — — — —

MedicalWorks, Inc. 1 315,044 1 315,044 — — — —

Northern California Institute for 

Research and Education

7 5,281,323 7 5,281,323 — — — —

Oncosis, Inc. — 1,000,000 — 1,000,000 — — — —

Palo Alto Institute for Research and 

Education, Inc.

1 223,200 1 223,200 — — — —

Palo Alto Medical Foundation 2 1,203,084 2 1,203,084 — — — —

Panorama Research, Inc. 1 98,007 1 98,007 — — — —

Physical Optics Corporation 1 99,995 1 99,995 — — — —

Polymer Technology Group, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Prizm Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 112,789 1 112,789 — — — —

Pulmonetic Systems, Inc. 1 476,925 1 476,925 — — — —

Rand Corporation 2 856,747 2 856,747 — — — —

Salk Institute for Biological Studies 2 938,720 2 938,720 — — — —

San Diego State University 8 5,157,277 8 5,157,277 — — — —

Scripps Research Institute 40 21,254,738 35 20,208,845 5 1,045,893 — —

SeQual Technologies, Inc. 1 99,081 1 99,081 — — — —

Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center 3 1,359,675 3 1,359,675 — — — —

SRI International 2 830,875 2 830,875 — — — —

Stanford University 64 34,327,219 53 28,865,889 8 1,602,294 3 3,859,036

Steritech, Inc. 3 300,000 3 300,000 — — — —

SurroMed, Inc. 1 92,655 1 92,655 — — — —

University of California, Berkeley 5 1,596,890 4 1,331,248 1 265,642 — —

University of California, Davis 29 9,310,643 28 8,388,860 — — 1 921,783

University of California, Irvine 14 5,380,715 11 3,672,629 1 41,608 2 1,666,478

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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158

University of California, Lawrence 

Berkeley National Laboratory

12 5,072,369 11 4,780,847 1 291,522 — —

University of California, Los Angeles 64 32,283,117 55 28,181,972 5 1,311,420 4 2,789,725

University of California, Riverside 3 881,484 3 881,484 — — — —

University of California, San Diego 97 50,769,268 81 43,768,459 12 2,695,570 4 4,305,239

University of California, San 

Francisco

95 39,421,356 88 37,590,396 7 1,830,960 — —

University of California, Santa 

Barbara

1 234,247 1 234,247 — — — —

University of the Pacific 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

University of Southern California 24 9,159,288 23 9,105,344 1 53,944 — —

Veterans Medical Research 

Foundation, 

San Diego

2 767,898 2 767,898 — — — —

WebSciences International 1 551,075 1 551,075 — — — —

Total California 611 285,473,979 543 256,345,424 46 9,507,167 22 19,621,388

Colorado

Aerophase, Inc. 1 366,475 1 366,475 — — — —

Colorado State University 2 615,710 2 615,710 — — — —

Denver Health and Hospital Authority 1 915,645 1 915,645 — — — —

Keystone Symposia 1 15,000 1 15,000 — — — —

Kestrel Labs, Inc. 1 99,976 1 99,976 — — — —

Myogen, Inc. 4 473,898 4 473,898 — — — —

National Jewish Medical and 

Research Center

36 16,993,254 33 16,828,570 2 102,728 1 61,956

Rose Biomedical Development 

Corporation

1 377,073 1 377,073 — — — —

Source Precision Medicine 1 161,668 1 161,668 — — — —

TDA Research, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

University of Colorado at Boulder 9 1,695,906 4 1,244,483 5 451,423 — —

University of Colorado Health 

Sciences Center

65 23,437,451 57 21,929,814 8 1,507,637 — —

Visible Productions, LLC 1 284,742 1 284,742 — — — —

Total Colorado 124 45,536,798 108 43,413,054 15 2,061,788 1 61,956

Connecticut

John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc. 6 1,580,790 5 1,534,370 1 46,420 — —

L2 Diagnostics, LLC 2 238,237 2 238,237 — — — —

University of Connecticut, Storrs 1 178,750 1 178,750 — — — —

University of Connecticut Health 

Center

16 6,893,577 16 6,893,577 — — — —

US Nanocorp, Inc. 1 326,445 1 326,445 — — — —

Wesleyan University 1 284,000 1 284,000 — — — —

Yale University 69 30,246,611 59 24,801,133 8 2,098,042 2 3,347,436

Total Connecticut 96 39,748,410 85 34,256,512 9 2,144,462 2 3,347,436

Delaware

Compact Membrane Systems, Inc. 1 118,220 1 118,220 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

159

University of Delaware 2 602,250 2 602,250 — — — —

Total Delaware 3 720,470 3 720,470 — — — —

District of Columbia

American Institutes for Research 1 21,653 — — — — 1 21,653

American Registry of Pathology, Inc. 1 279,087 1 279,087 — — — —

Children’s Research Institute 5 2,111,658 4 2,063,510 1 48,148 — —

International Society for Cellular 

Therapy

— 6,600 — 6,600 — — — —

Georgetown University 14 5,870,768 14 5,870,768 — — — —

George Washington University 13 4,145,042 9 2,749,706 — — 4 1,395,336

Howard University 4 2,212,861 2 1,397,255 1 122,401 1 693,205

MedStar Research Institute 1 907,989 — — — — 1 907,989

Millennium Health Multimedia 1 297,751 1 297,751 — — — —

State of the Art, Inc. 1 333,894 1 333,894 — — — —

U.S. Department of Agriculture 1 1200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

Medical Center

1 162,410 — — — — 1 162,410

Total District of Columbia 43 16,549,713 33 13,198,571 2 170,549 8 3,180,593

Florida

Applied Genetic Technologies 

Corporation

1 131,711 1 131,711 — — — —

Florida Agricultural and Mechanical 

University

— 329,775 — 329,775 — — — —

Florida Atlantic University 3 662,350 3 662,350 — — — —

Florida Institute of Technology 1 243,250 1 243,250 — — — —

Florida International University — 189,897 — 189,897 — — — —

Florida State University 3 1,245,354 3 1,245,354 — — — —

Innovia, LLC 1 99,345 1 99,345 — — — —

Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami 

Beach

— 3,000,000 — 3,000,000 — — — —

Nanoptics, Inc. 1 587,422 1 587,422 — — — —

Nemours Children’s Clinics 2 836,770 2 836,770 — — — —

Nova Southeastern University 1 111,993 1 111,993 — — — —

University of Central Florida 3 753,567 3 753,567 — — — —

University of Florida 41 13,462,325 37 12,267,013 3 204,814 1 990,498

University of Miami 20 8,678,112 17 7,234,901 2 681,464 1 761,747

University of South Florida 5 1,514,164 5 1,514,164 — — — —

Vicor Technologies, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Total Florida 83 31,946,035 76 29,307,512 5 886,278 2 1,752,245

Georgia

American Cardiovascular Research 

Institute

2 379,271 2 379,271 — — — —

AuraZyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

CryoFacets, Inc. 1 99,997 1 99,997 — — — —

Emory University 70 23,214,376 63 21,745,788 6 515,395 1 953,193

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
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Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

160

Georgia Institute of Technology 7 3,220,792 6 3,174,372 1 46,420 — —

Georgia State University 3 785,576 3 785,576 — — — —

Medical College of Georgia 31 12,675,731 29 12,316,721 2 359,010 — —

Mercer University, Macon 1 164,028 1 164,028 — — — —

Morehouse School of Medicine 11 4,290,334 10 4,004,754 1 285,580 — —

NitrOSystems, Inc. 1 139,306 1 139,306 — — — —

Transfusion and Transplantation 

Technology (3Ti)

2 502,682 2 502,682 — — — —

University of Georgia 3 525,775 2 487,400 1 38,375 — —

U.S. Centers for Disease Control 

and Prevention

1 725,000 — — — — 1 725,000

Total Georgia 134 46,822,868 121 43,899,895 11 1,244,780 2 1,678,193

Hawaii

Staub Pacific Health FoundationHealth Research Institute2 1,253,951 2 1,253,951 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Hilo — 308,164 — 308,164 — — — —

University of Hawaii at Manoa 2 1,312,449 1 284,450 — — 1 1,027,999

Total Hawaii 4 2,874,564 3 1,846,565 — — 1 1,027,999

Illinois

AJ Medical Engineering 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

American Academy of Pediatrics 1 261,714 1 261,714 — — — —

BioTechPlex Corporation 2 754,695 2 754,695 — — — —

Children’s Memorial Hospital, 

Chicago

1 98,010 1 98,010 — — — —

Evanston Northwestern Healthcare 

Research Institute

2 666,260 2 666,260 — — — —

Finch University Health Sciences, 

Chicago

Medical School

2 507,000 2 507,000 — — — —

Hektoen Institute for Medical 

Research

1 593,564 1 593,564 — — — —

Howard Brown Health Center — 94,531 — 94,531 — — — —

Illinois Institute of Technology 1 286,570 1 286,570 — — — —

Loyola University Medical Center 23 7,722,826 21 7,634,978 2 87,848 — —

Midwestern University 1 127,360 1 127,360 — — — —

Nanosphere, Inc. 1 344,348 1 344,348 — — — —

Northwestern University 65 21,920,932 58 19,580,347 4 515,101 3 1,825,484

Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical 

Center

12 5,361,952 11 4,608,558 — — 1 753,394

SloWave, Inc. 1 287,771 1 287,771 — — — —

Southern Illinois University, 

Carbondale

2 586,550 2 586,550 — — — —

Southern Illinois University School 

of Medicine

1 246,750 1 246,750 — — — —

SSC Small Business Illinois 1 99,907 — — — — 1 99,907

University of Chicago 38 13,131,557 31 11,584,582 5 1,403,726 2 143,249

University of Illinois at Chicago 41 16,360,907 37 15,044,176 4 1,316,731 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

161

University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign5 1,724,802 5 1,724,802 — — — —

Total Illinois 202 71,328,006 180 65,182,566 15 3,323,406 7 2,822,034

Indiana

Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. 1 118,934 1 118,934 — — — —

Clarian Health Partners 1 257,360 1 257,360 — — — —

General Biotechnology, LLC 1 501,561 1 501,561 — — — —

Indiana University Bloomington 1 34,157 1 34,157 — — — —

Indiana University-Purdue University 

Indianapolis

49 16,261,342 44 15,640,567 4 618,590 1 2,185

Purdue University, West Lafayette 2 638,024 2 638,024 — — — —

Space Hardware Optimization 

Technology, Inc.

1 92,549 1 92,549 — — — —

University of Notre Dame 4 1,677,052 4 1,677,052 — — — —

Total Indiana 60 19,580,979 55 18,960,204 4 618,590 1 2,185

Iowa

Drake University 2 257,283 2 257,283 — — — —

Maharishi University of Management 2 904,337 2 904,337 — — — —

University of Iowa 76 31,992,471 69 31,446,931 6 2,329,722 1 1,215,818

Total Iowa 80 36,154,091 73 32,608,551 6 2,329,722 1 1,215,818

Kansas

Kansas State University 5 535,397 2 436,500 3 98,897 — —

University of Kansas, Lawrence 2 713,293 2 713,293 — — — —

University of Kansas Medical Center 9 2,304,897 9 2,304,897 — — — —

Wichita State University 1 178,820 1 178,820 — — — —

Total Kansas 17 3,732,407 14 3,633,510 3 98,897 — —

Kentucky

Cardiojustable, LLC 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

University of Kentucky 37 9,655,853 36 9,600,190 — — 1 55,663

University of Louisville 34 9,532,827 30 9,342,523 4 190,304 — —

Vitatech, LLC 1 107,000 1 107,000 — — — —

Total Kentucky 73 19,395,680 68 19,149,713 4 190,304 1 55,663

Louisiana

Louisiana State University Health 

Sciences, New Orleans

9 2,078,460 6 1,654,608 — — 3 423,852

Louisiana State University Health 

Sciences, Shreveport

4 863,162 4 863,162 — — — —

Louisiana State University Pennington 

Biomedical Research Center

3 3,763,658 3 3,763,658 — — — —

Tulane University of Louisiana 20 7,800,388 18 7,609,625 2 190,763 — —

Xavier University of Louisiana — 108,344 — 108,344 — — — —

Total Louisiana 36 14,614,012 31 13,999,397 2 190,763 3 423,852

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

162

Maine

Jackson Laboratory 11 7,734,359 9 7,593,656 2 140,703 — —

Maine Medical Center 6 2,083,450 6 2,083,450 — — — —

University of Maine 1 459,194 1 459,194 — — — —

University of New England 1 358,787 1 358,787 — — — —

Total Maine 19 10,635,790 17 10,495,087 2 140,703 — —

Maryland

American National Red Cross 20 7,175,175 19 6,818,276 1 356,899 — —

Amulet Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 207,500 1 207,500 — — — —

Biotech Research Laboratories 

(BTRL)

1 981,255 — — — — 1 981,255

Claragen, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Clearant, Inc. 2 682,589 2 682,589 — — — —

Clinical Trials and Surveys Corp. 7 810,815 — — — — 7 810,815

Computers in Cardiology, Inc. 1 10,000 1 10,000 — — — —

EMMES Corporation 2 626,240 — — — — 2 626,240

Federation of American Societies for 

Experimental Biology

2 35,000 2 35,000 — — — —

Fogarty International Center 1 300,000 — — — — 1 300,000

Gallup Indian Medical Center 1 6,688,984 — — — — 1 6,688,984

Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the 

Advancement of Military Medicine

8 4,517,740 5 1,796,080 1 174,272 2 2,547,388

Individual Monitoring Systems, Inc. 1 481,611 1 481,611 — — — —

Institute for Genomic Research 3 2,589,079 3 2,589,079 — — — —

Intronn LLC 1 596,898 1 596,898 — — — —

Johns Hopkins Hospital 2 3,379,994 — — — — 2 3,379,994

Johns Hopkins University 180 79,684,248 160 72,434,901 12 3,682,376 8 3,566,971

Lexmed Technologies, Inc. 1 99,128 1 99,128 — — — —

Maryland Medical Research Institute 3 1,988,595 2 994,672 — — 1 993,923

MaxCyte, Inc. 1 95,725 1 95,725 — — — —

MedStar Research Institute 4 5,311,708 4 5,311,708 — — — —

National Cancer Institute 2 600,000 — — — — 2 600,000

National Center for Complementary 

and Alternative Medicine

1 200,000 — — — — 1 200,000

National Center for Health Statistics 1 245,760 — — — — 1 245,760

National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute

2 2,552,757 — — — — 2 2,552,757

National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

1 4,000,000 — — — — 1 4,000,000

National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

1 3,000,000 — — — — 1 3,000,000

Peace Technology, Inc. 2 2,468,034 — — — — 2 2,468,034

Perinatronics Medical Systems, Inc. 1 535,918 1 535,918 — — — —

Prospect Associates, Ltd. 2 7,525,000 — — — — 2 7,525,000

Robin Medical, Inc. 1 586,250 1 586,250 — — — —

ROW Sciences, Inc. 1 652,388 — — — — 1 652,388

Society for Leukocyte Biology — 5,000 — 5,000 — — — —

Take Aim Media, Inc. 1 247,626 1 247,626 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

163

U.S. Bureau of the Census 2 654,000 — — — — 2 654,000

University of Maryland, Baltimore 

County Campus

1 309,510 1 309,510 — — — —

University of Maryland Baltimore 

Professional School

34 13,359,282 32 12,881,932 2 477,350 — —

University of Maryland, College Park 

Campus

2 1,021,257 2 1,021,257 — — — —

University of Maryland 

Biotechnology Institute

3 974,803 3 974,803 — — — —

U.S. Agricultural Research Center 2 800,000 — — — — 2 800,000

U.S. PHS Public Advisory Groups — 3,282,000 — 3,282,000 — — — —

Westat, Inc. 2 1,554,682 1 576,709 — — 1 977,973

Total Maryland 315 222,528,726 246 112,674,172 16 4,690,897 53 105,163,657

Massachusetts

ABIOMED, Inc. 2 199,525 2 199,525 — — — —

Baystate Medical Center 1 281,638 — — — — 1 281,638

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 56 23,386,844 52 22,485,172 4 901,672 — —

Biomod Surfaces 2 621,949 2 621,949 — — — —

BioPhysics Assay Laboratory, Inc. 

(BioPAL)

1 98,567 1 98,567 — — — —

BioSurfaces 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

BIOTEK, Inc. 1 99,975 1 99,975 — — — —

Boston Biomedical Research Institute 11 4,185,513 10 4,135,649 1 49,864 — —

Boston Medical Center 17 8,946,768 17 8,946,768 — — — —

Boston University 4 16,184,330 — — — — 4 16,184,330

Boston University, Charles River 

Campus

7 1,727,387 6 1,694,350 1 33,037 — —

Boston University Medical Campus 73 32,751,608 64 29,696,710 9 3,054,898 — —

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 136 65,265,580 116 58,776,976 17 3,565,409 3 2,923,195

Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Center for Blood Research 10 10,882,447 10 10,882,447 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Boston 58 20,382,902 52 18,762,004 6 1,620,898 — —

Covalent Associates, Inc. 1 361,589 1 361,589 — — — —

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 18 8,496,878 18 8,496,878 — — — —

Engineering Partnership, Ltd. 1 459,838 1 459,838 — — — —

Eukarion, Inc. 1 155,941 1 155,941 — — — —

Foster-Miller, Inc. 1 206,459 1 206,459 — — — —

Gene Regulation Laboratories 1 450,000 1 450,000 — — — —

Giner Electrochemical Systems, LLC 1 369,780 1 369,780 — — — —

Giner, Inc. 1 376,219 1 376,219 — — — —

Green Lights, Inc. 1 99,619 1 99,619 — — — —

Haitian Community AIDS Outreach 

Project

1 365,452 1 365,452 — — — —

Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Inc. 2 1,203,011 2 1,203,011 — — — —

Harvard University 14 8,733,020 14 8,733,020 — — — —

Harvard University Medical School 6 992,814 — — 6 992,814 — —

Harvard University School of Public 

Health

27 14,118,853 25 13,505,063 2 613,790 — —

Inotek Corporation 5 2,531,009 5 2,531,009 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

164

Institute for the Study and Treatment 

for Cardiovascular Diseases

1 1,230,000 1 1,230,000 — — — —

IQuum, Inc. 3 1,614,291 3 1,614,291 — — — —

Joslin Diabetes Center 1 552,558 1 552,558 — — — —

Levitronix, LLC 2 422,439 2 422,439 — — — —

Marine Biological Laboratory 1 310,000 1 310,000 — — — —

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 1 125,771 1 125,771 — — — —

Massachusetts General Hospital 77 27,305,591 67 23,341,852 8 1,237,025 2 2,726,714

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 11 7,517,194 11 7,517,194 — — — —

Massachusetts Mental Health Institute 1 200,550 1 200,550 — — — —

Melville Biologics, Inc. 2 463,432 2 463,432 — — — —

New England Medical Center 30 9,108,496 25 8,676,460 2 248,999 3 183,037

New England Research Institutes, Inc. 5 4,673,884 5 4,673,884 — — — —

Northeastern University 1 237,750 1 237,750 — — — —

Physical Sciences, Inc. 2 802,351 2 802,351 — — — —

St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center of 

Boston

5 3,130,433 5 3,130,433 — — — —

Tufts University, Boston 16 4,610,036 14 4,407,730 2 202,306 — —

University of Massachusetts Medical 

School

21 7,684,380 19 6,799,451 1 126,509 1 758,330

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 1 25,773 — — 1 25,773 — —

Verax Biomedical, Inc. 2 642,950 2 642,950 — — — —

ViaCell, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical 

Research

1 251,500 1 251,500 — — — —

Total Massachusetts 647 295,244,804 573 259,514,566 60 12,672,994 14 23,057,244

Michigan

Aastrom Biosciences, Inc. 1 99,840 1 99,840 — — — —

Case Western Reserve University, 

Henry Ford Health Sciences

13 6,233,766 13 6,233,766 — — — —

Eastern Michigan University 1 160,709 1 160,709 — — — —

Human Proteome Organization — 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

MedArray, Inc. 1 387,380 1 387,380 — — — —

Michigan Critical Care Consultants, 

Inc.

3 917,673 3 917,673 — — — —

Michigan State University 9 3,149,868 8 3,113,472 1 36,396 — —

Molecular Innovations, Inc. 1 437,057 1 437,057 — — — —

MRI Institute for Biomedical 

Research

1 344,499 1 344,499 — — — —

Neural Intervention Technologies, Inc. 1 137,520 1 137,520 — — — —

Oakland University 1 71,000 1 71,000 — — — —

Pixel Velocity, Inc. 1 99,650 1 99,650 — — — —

Sentec Corporation 1 164,235 1 164,235 — — — —

St. Joseph Mercy Community Health 

Care System

1 177,470 1 177,470 — — — —

TSRL, Inc. 1 205,333 1 205,333 — — — —

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 103 42,143,793 96 39,945,384 6 2,056,858 1 141,551

Wayne State University 16 4,624,826 15 3,939,337 — — 1 685,489

Western Michigan University 1 181,875 1 181,875 — — — —

Total Michigan 156 59,546,494 147 56,626,200 7 2,093,254 2 827,040

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

165

Minnesota

Advanced Medical Electronics 

Corporation

6 2,073,696 6 2,073,696 — — — —

BSI Corporation 1 366,024 1 366,024 — — — —

CPRX LLC — 50,000 — 50,000 — — — —

Discovery Genomics, Inc. 1 145,095 1 145,095 — — — —

Gel-Del Technologies, Inc. 1 149,800 1 149,800 — — — —

Mayo Clinic, Rochester 58 20,422,107 52 19,458,961 6 963,146 — —

Mayo Foundation 1 50,189 — — — — 1 50,189

Minneapolis Medical Research 

Foundation, Inc.

3 3,092,119 1 127,845 — — 2 2,964,274

Minnesota Veterans Reserach Institute 1 790,100 1 790,100 — — — —

Paradigm Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2 200,000 2 200,000 — — — —

Restore Medical, Inc. 1 98,114 1 98,114 — — — —

University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 91 37,257,917 74 31,853,570 8 1,529,441 9 3,874,906

Wilson Wolf Manufacturing Corp. 1 591,876 1 591,876 — — — —

Total Minnesota 167 65,287,037 141 55,905,081 14 2,492,587 12 6,889,369

Mississippi

Tougaloo College 1 397,668 — — — — 1 397,668

University of Mississippi 1 56,091 — — 1 56,091 — —

University of Mississippi Medical 

Center

16 7,969,090 11 5,649,455 3 102,752 2 2,216,883

Total Mississippi 18 8,422,849 11 5,649,455 4 158,843 3 2,614,551

Missouri

Barnes-Jewish Hospital — 155,681 — 155,681 — — — —

Cardiovascular Imaging 

Technologies, LLC

1 97,423 1 97,423 — — — —

Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas 

City

2 423,790 2 423,790 — — — —

Engineering Software Research and 

Development, Inc.

1 252,696 1 252,696 — — — —

Lifeline Technologies, Inc. 1 235,129 1 235,129 — — — —

St. Louis University 19 5,148,120 19 5,148,120 — — — —

University of Missouri, Columbia 19 5,657,939 14 5,347,368 5 310,571 — —

University of Missouri, St. Louis 1 232,955 1 232,955 — — — —

Washington University 125 48,623,983 111 45,245,680 13 2,915,903 1 462,400

Total Missouri 169 60,827,716 150 57,138,842 18 3,226,474 1 462,400

Montana

Montana State University-Bozeman 2 641,200 2 641,200 — — — —

Total Montana 2 641,200 2 641,200 — — — —

Nebraska

Creighton University 1 39,645 — — 1 39,645 — —

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 1 288,000 1 288,000 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

166

University of Nebraska Medical 

Center

10 4,676,768 10 4,676,768 — — — —

Total Nebraska 12 5,004,413 11 4,964,768 1 39,645 — —

Nevada

Sierra Biomedical Research 

Corporation

2 807,393 2 807,393 — — — —

University of Nevada at Reno 9 3,262,422 8 2,517,735 — — 1 744,687

Total Nevada 11 4,069,815 10 3,325,128 — — 1 744,687

New Hampshire

Creare, Inc. 1 137,018 1 137,018 — — — —

Dartmouth College 17 4,655,450 16 4,605,946 1 49,504 — —

Psychological Applications, LLC 1 412,752 1 412,752 — — — —

University of New Hampshire 2 288,253 2 288,253 — — — —

Total New Hampshire 21 5,493,473 20 5,443,969 1 49,504 — —

New Jersey

Coecare.Com, LLC 1 99,944 1 99,944 — — — —

Collagen Matrix, Inc. 1 162,005 1 162,005 — — — —

DVX, LLC 2 199,656 2 199,656 — — — —

Genome Data Systems, Inc. 1 140,238 1 140,238 — — — —

LifeCell Corporation 1 98,050 1 98,050 — — — —

Life Recovery Systems, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Public Health Research Institute of the 

City of New York

3 1,421,883 3 1,421,883 — — — —

PharmaSeq, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

PortaScience, Inc. 1 338,441 1 338,441 — — — —

Princeton University 2 619,382 2 619,382 — — — —

Rutgers, The State University of New 

Jersey, New Brunswick

3 481,463 2 256,608 1 224,855 — —

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey

16 9,242,232 13 7,694,597 1 98,531 2 1,449,104

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey, R.W. Johnson 

Medical School

9 4,084,198 9 4,084,198 — — — —

University of Medicine and Dentistry 

of New Jersey, School of 

Osteopathic Medicine

1 155,500 1 155,500 — — — —

VueSonix Sensors, Inc. 1 347,750 1 347,750 — — — —

Xechem, Inc. 1 99,372 1 99,372 — — — —

Total New Jersey 45 17,690,114 41 15,917,624 2 323,386 2 1,449,104

New Mexico

Diné College — 411,710 — 411,710 — — — —

Lovelace Biomedical and 

Environmental Research

7 2,398,359 7 2,398,359 — — — —

New Mexico Resonance 1 479,387 1 479,387 — — — —

Southwest Sciences, Inc. 1 418,878 1 418,878 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

167

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

Medical Center, Albuquerque

3 3,590,680 — — — — 3 3,590,680

University of New Mexico, 

Albuquerque

10 3,714,151 8 3,397,924 1 1 1 316,226

Total New Mexico 22 11,013,165 17 7,106,258 1 1 4 3,906,906

New York

Accountants for the Public Interest 1 271,044 1 271,044 — — — —

Albany Medical College of Union 

University

8 2,274,337 7 1,703,771 1 570,566 — —

American Thoracic Society 1 30,000 1 30,000 — — — —

Angion Biomedica Corporation 2 997,069 2 997,069 — — — —

Circulatory Technology, Inc. 1 380,525 1 380,525 — — — —

City College of New York 5 1,459,563 5 1,455,783 — 3,780 — —

Columbia University, New York 

Morningside

4 1,469,648 4 1,469,648 — — — —

Columbia University, New York 1 117,976 — — — — 1 117,976

Columbia University Health Sciences 69 32,511,954 65 31,425,271 4 1,086,683 — —

Cornell University, Ithaca 6 2,241,513 6 2,241,513 — — — —

Cornell University Medical Center 3 3,063,582 — — — — 3 3,063,582

CUNY Graduate School and 

University Center

1 312,500 1 312,500 — — — —

Dawkins Productions, Inc. 1 97,907 1 97,907 — — — —

Foster-Miller Technologies, Inc. 4 2,149,093 4 2,149,093 — — — —

Hofstra University 2 199,255 1 152,835 1 46,420 — —

Hospital for Special Surgery 1 135,540 1 135,540 — — — —

Queens College, CUNY 2 469,450 2 469,450 — — — —

Masonic Medical Research 

Laboratory, Inc.

3 1,033,401 3 1,033,401 — — — —

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. 1 99,454 1 99,454 — — — —

Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx 2 413,742 2 413,742 — — — —

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 30 15,463,826 27 11,877,784 2 557,052 1 3,028,990

National Neurofibromatosis 

Foundation

— 10,000 — 10,000 — — — —

New York Blood Center 4 2,296,721 4 2,296,721 — — — —

New York Medical College 24 10,585,249 24 10,585,249 — — — —

New York University 1 221,250 1 221,250 — — — —

New York University School of 

Medicine

25 8,315,310 23 8,091,212 2 224,098 — —

North Shore-Long Island Jewish 

Research Institute

2 731,990 2 731,990 — — — —

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1 257,185 1 257,185 — — — —

Rockefeller University 7 4,063,150 7 4,063,150 — — — —

Roswell Park Cancer Institute 

Corporation

3 1,056,724 3 1,056,724 — — — —

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer 

Research

9 2,206,812 7 2,140,735 — — 2 66,077

State University of New York at 

Albany

1 257,510 1 257,510 — — — —

State University of New York 

Binghamton

1 150,500 1 150,500 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

168

State University of New York at 

Buffalo

17 5,450,809 15 4,474,649 1 115,625 1 860,535

State University of New York Stony 

Brook

19 6,060,653 18 5,320,147 — — 1 740,506

St. John’s University 1 626,546 1 626,546 — — — —

St. Lawrence University 1 114,290 1 114,290 — — — —

St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center 7 2,383,430 7 2,383,430 — — — —

STS duoTEK, Inc. 1 399,609 1 399,609 — — — —

SUNY Health Science Center at 

Brooklyn

6 1,875,751 6 1,875,751 — — — —

SUNY Health Science Center at 

Syracuse

7 4,035,182 7 4,035,182 — — — —

Syracuse University 1 226,500 1 226,500 — — — —

Transonic Systems, Inc. 2 777,513 2 777,513 — — — —

Trudeau Institute, Inc. 5 3,240,752 5 3,240,752 — — — —

Trustees of Columbia University of 

New York City

4 1,389,982 — — — — 4 1,389,982

University of Rochester 47 17,769,952 40 16,301,611 7 1,468,341 — —

Vascular Therapies, LLC 1 125,000 1 125,000 — — — —

Weill Medical College of Cornell 

University

42 23,853,561 40 23,614,774 2 238,787 — —

Winthrop-University Hospital 2 717,981 2 717,981 — — — —

Yeshiva University 25 15,790,257 22 14,231,803 2 242,458 1 1,315,996

Total New York 414 180,181,548 378 165,044,094 22 4,553,810 14 10,583,644

North Carolina

Biomarck Pharmaceuticals 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

BreathQuant Medical Systems, Inc. 1 106,486 1 106,486 — — — —

Campbell University 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

Carolinas Medical Center 2 608,183 2 608,183 — — — —

Clinical Tools, Inc. 1 402,129 1 402,129 — — — —

Duke University 132 59,551,735 117 57,603,207 12 1,442,143 3 506,385

East Carolina University 1 124,665 1 124,665 — — — —

H-Cubed, Inc. 1 104,998 1 104,998 — — — —

Healthcare Corporation — 73,057 — 73,057 — — — —

Nekton Research, LLC 1 109,888 1 109,888 — — — —

Nobex Corporation 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

North Carolina State University at 

Raleigh

5 1,188,546 4 1,066,336 1 122,210 — —

North Carolina Central University 1 500,000 1 500,000 — — — —

Oriel Therapeutics, Inc. 1 97,211 1 97,211 — — — —

Rho Federal Systems Division, Inc. 1 1,049,982 1 1,049,982 — — — —

University of North Carolina at 

Chapel Hill

80 36,179,124 74 31,761,146 6 1,608,881 4 2,809,097

Wake Forest University Health 

Sciences

53 30,597,514 40 19,980,437 3 583,160 10 10,033,917

Williams LifeSkills, Inc. 2 474,986 2 474,986 — — — —

Winston-Salem State University 1 114,509 1 114,509 — — — —

Total North Carolina 290 131,658,013 251 114,552,220 22 3,756,394 17 13,349,399

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

169

North Dakota

North Dakota State University 2 279,540 2 279,540 — — — —

Total North Dakota 2 279,540 2 279,540 — — — —

Ohio

BIOMEC, Inc. 4 1,900,533 4 1,900,533 — — — —

Bowling Green State University 1 136,200 1 136,200 — — — —

CardioEnergetics, Inc. 1 290,489 1 290,489 — — — —

Case Western Reserve University 71 29,308,913 62 24,344,494 7 969,614 2 3,994,805

Celsus Laboratories, Inc. 1 223,787 1 223,787 — — — —

ChanTest, Inc. 1 379,815 1 379,815 — — — —

Children’s Hospital Medical Center of 

Cincinnati

49 21,019,941 45 20,685,699 4 334,242 — —

Children’s Research Institute 2 631,693 2 631,693 — — — —

Cleveland Clinic Foundation 41 13,214,051 36 12,910,032 5 304,019 — —

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of 

Medicine of Case Western Reserve 

University

18 7,713,419 18 7,713,419 — — — —

Cleveland Medical Devices, Inc. 1 616,795 1 616,795 — — — —

Deca-Medics, Inc. 1 151,452 1 151,452 — — — —

Enable Medical Corporation 1 366,848 1 366,848 — — — —

IVR, Inc. 2 437,654 2 437,654 — — — —

Medical College of Ohio at Toledo 9 3,567,235 9 3,567,235 — — — —

Ohio State University 29 9,297,714 26 8,316,365 2 261,236 1 720,113

Ohio University, Athens 1 328,814 1 328,814 — — — —

Spectra Research, Inc. 1 432,778 1 432,778 — — — —

The Lam Foundation 1 12,000 1 12,000 — — — —

University of Cincinnati 49 19,592,570 45 17,963,758 3 943,951 1 684,861

Wright State University 5 1,788,139 4 1,702,815 1 85,324 — —

Total Ohio 289 111,410,840 263 103,112,675 22 2,898,386 4 5,399,779

Oklahoma

Langston University 1 466,083 1 466,083 — — — —

Oklahoma Medical Research 

Foundation

8 4,347,234 8 4,347,234 — — — —

Oklahoma State University College of 

Osteopathic Medicine

1 144,100 1 144,100 — — — —

Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 2 586,354 2 586,354 — — — —

University of Oklahoma Health 

Sciences Center

14 4,775,293 12 4,731,429 2 43,864 — —

Total Oklahoma 26 10,319,064 24 10,275,200 2 43,864 — —

Oregon

Dimera, LLC 2 526,257 2 526,257 — — — —

Inovise Medical, Inc. 1 513,892 1 513,892 — — — —

Oregon Research Institute 1 359,638 1 359,638 — — — —

Oregon State University 1 250,250 1 250,250 — — — —

Oregon Health & Science University 36 12,555,192 30 11,903,910 6 651,282 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

170

Portland State University 1 336,590 1 336,590 — — — —

University of Oregon 3 799,380 3 799,380 — — — —

Total Oregon 45 15,341,199 39 14,689,917 6 651,282 — —

Pennsylvania

Allegheny-Singer Research Institute 1 396,905 1 396,905 — — — —

APD Life Sciences, Inc. 1 524,184 1 524,184 — — — —

Carnegie-Mellon University 5 1,615,453 4 1,561,509 1 53,944 — —

Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia 38 23,332,875 35 22,851,129 3 481,746 — —

Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh 5 1,165,062 4 1,113,158 1 51,904 — —

Drexel University 4 1,079,148 4 1,079,148 — — — —

Ension, Inc. 2 892,027 2 892,027 — — — —

Fluent Cardiovascular Solutions, Inc. 1 100,000 1 100,000 — — — —

Fox Chase Cancer Center 2 720,333 2 720,333 — — — —

Guthrie Foundation for Education and 

Research

2 558,684 2 558,684 — — — —

Industrial Science and Technology 

Network, Inc.

1 383,517 1 383,517 — — — —

InSight TeleHealth Systems, LLC 1 348,638 1 348,638 — — — —

Institute for Cancer Research 1 449,721 1 449,721 — — — —

Integral Molecular 1 139,885 1 139,885 — — — —

Magainin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1 152,967 1 152,967 — — — —

Magee-Women’s Health Corporation 2 567,447 2 567,447 — — — —

MCP Hahnemann University 2 629,000 2 629,000 — — — —

Medical Diagnostic Research 

Foundation

1 300,350 1 300,350 — — — —

Pennsylvania State University, Milton 

S. Hershey Medical Center

22 6,986,200 20 6,893,079 2 93,121 — —

Pennsylvania State University, 

University Park

3 890,038 3 890,038 — — — —

Spectrasonics Imaging, Inc. 1 87,640 1 87,640 — — — —

Temple University 14 6,279,212 12 5,683,383 2 595,829 — —

Thomas Jefferson University 20 6,798,611 17 6,634,621 3 163,990 — —

University of Pennsylvania 134 54,790,633 114 50,584,003 19 4,152,299 1 54,331

University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 96 47,694,606 83 43,960,685 8 1,337,802 5 2,396,119

Vascor, Inc. 1 329,588 1 329,588 — — — —

Weis Center for Research, Geisinger 

Clinic

1 266,600 1 266,600 — — — —

Wistar Institute 4 1,157,076 4 1,157,076 — — — —

Total Pennsylvania 367 158,636,400 322 149,255,315 39 6,930,635 6 2,450,450

Rhode Island

BCR Diagnostics 1 329,872 1 329,872 — — — —

Brown University 7 2,758,075 6 2,701,704 1 56,371 — —

Gordon Research Conferences 2 36,600 2 36,600 — — — —

Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island 2 1,826,984 1 670,746 — — 1 1,156,238

Miriam Hospital 6 2,074,493 5 2,034,793 1 39,700 — —

Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc. 2 620,018 2 620,018 — — — —

Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 6 2,512,581 6 2,472,881 1 39,700 — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

171

Roger Williams Hospital 2 571,859 2 571,859 — — — —

Total Rhode Island 29 10,730,482 25 9,438,473 3 135,771 1 1,156,238

South Carolina

Clemson University 3 720,000 3 720,000 — — — —

Medical University of South Carolina 43 21,005,474 32 13,467,509 5 668,801 6 6,869,164

Organ Recovery Systems, Inc. 3 636,901 3 636,901 — — — —

University of South Carolina at 

Columbia

11 3,705,647 10 3,687,221 1 18,426 — —

Total South Carolina 60 26,068,022 48 18,511,631 6 687,227 6 6,869,164

South Dakota

Missouri Breaks Research, Inc. 2 343,944 2 343,944 — — — —

South Dakota Health Research 

Foundation

— 193,239 — 193,239 — — — —

University of South Dakota 3 1,011,307 3 1,011,307 — — — —

Total South Dakota 5 1,548,490 5 1,548,490 — — — —

Tennessee

East Tennessee State University 6 1,374,293 6 1,374,293 — — — —

GeneRx+, Inc. 2 616,220 2 616,220 — — — —

Meharry Medical College 10 2,508,475 7 1,910,677 3 597,798 — —

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 7 5,510,019 5 4,960,019 — — 2 550,000

University of Memphis 3 1,750,848 3 1,750,848 — — — —

University of Tennessee at Knoxville 2 328,614 1 278,750 1 49,864 — —

University of Tennessee at Memphis 1 932,529 — — — — 1 932,529

University of Tennessee Health 

Sciences Center

25 6,984,725 22 6,657,601 3 327,124 — —

Vanderbilt University 78 32,657,179 66 30,581,359 12 2,075,820 — —

Total Tennessee 134 52,662,902 112 48,129,767 19 3,050,606 3 1,482,529

Texas

Ambion, Inc. 1 371,379 1 371,379 — — — —

Baylor College of Medicine 84 34,357,215 71 30,480,231 9 1,672,970 4 2,204,014

Baylor Research Institute 2 435,335 2 435,335 — — — —

Cardiac Screening Partners 1 99,723 1 99,723 — — — —

Cooper Institute for Aerobics 

Research

3 1,491,393 3 1,491,393 — — — —

Lynntech, Inc. 1 572,013 1 572,013 — — — —

NanoMatrix, Inc. 1 124,521 1 124,521 — — — —

Prairie View A&M University — 146,487 — 146,487 — — — —

Rice University 3 767,938 3 767,938 — — — —

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical 

Research

9 12,522,499 8 10,122,499 — — 1 2,400,000

Texas A&M University System 3 388,990 3 388,990 — — — —

Texas A&M University Health 

Science Center

12 3,638,397 11 3,590,249 1 48,148 — —

Texas Engineering Experiment Station 2 773,005 2 773,005 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

172

Texas Southern University 1 540,802 1 540,802 — — — —

Texas Technical University Health 

Sciences Center

3 973,387 3 973,387 — — — —

University of North Texas Health 

Sciences Center

10 2,705,032 9 2,576,501 1 128,531 — —

University of Texas at Austin 2 418,298 1 388,500 1 29,798 — —

University of Texas at Dallas 3 979,302 3 979,302 — — — —

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center at Tyler

7 1,620,912 7 1,620,912 — — — —

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center Houston

37 14,231,710 34 11,013,397 1 41,886 2 3,176,427

University of Texas Health Sciences 

Center San Antonio

21 4,775,292 18 3,752,161 2 278,849 1 744,282

University of Texas M.D. Anderson 

Cancer Center

4 1,579,293 4 1,579,293 — — — —

University of Texas Medical Branch 

Galveston

13 7,646,521 11 2,812,786 — — 2 4,833,735

University of Texas-Pan American — 360,755 — 360,755 — — — —

University of Texas Southwestern 

Medical Center at Dallas

61 34,285,992 52 27,374,798 7 1,400,022 2 5,511,172

Total Texas 284 125,806,191 250 103,336,357 22 3,600,204 12 18,869,630

Utah

Brigham Young University 1 219,000 1 219,000 — — — —

LDS Hospital 1 119,978 1 119,978 — — — —

Medical Physics, Inc. 1 96,425 1 96,425 — — — —

Thrombodyne, Inc. 1 288,900 1 288,900 — — — —

University of Utah 47 19,104,713 43 18,639,598 4 465,115 — —

Total Utah 51 19,829,016 47 19,363,901 4 465,115 — —

Vermont

Haematologic Technologies, Inc. 2 149,217 2 149,217 — — — —

University of Vermont and State 

Agricultural College

39 16,931,453 35 15,291,104 3 791,981 1 848,368

Total Vermont 41 17,080,670 37 15,440,321 3 791,981 1 848,368

Virginia

Adenosine Therapeutics, LLC 1 100,885 1 100,885 — — — —

Arete Associates 1 374,902 1 374,902 — — — —

CEL-SCI Corporation 1 134,469 1 134,469 — — — —

Cottler Technologies, LLC 1 435,775 1 435,775 — — — —

CW Optics, Inc. 1 381,881 1 381,881 — — — —

Eastern Virginia Medical School 2 465,605 2 465,605 — — — —

Fiber And Sensor Technologies, Inc. 1 132,827 1 132,827 — — — —

Hampton University — 95,533 — 95,533 — — — —

Personal Improvement Computer 

Systems

2 912,088 2 912,088 — — — —

Talisman, Ltd 2 633,905 2 633,905 — — — —

Targeted Dietetics, Inc. 1 99,620 1 99,620 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

173

University of Virginia, Charlottesville 60 20,061,224 51 18,450,120 6 1,331,978 3 279,126

Virginia Commonwealth University 19 5,887,888 18 5,852,848 1 35,040 — —

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 

State University

— 342,796 — 342,796 — — — —

Total Virginia 92 30,059,398 82 28,413,254 7 1,367,018 3 279,126

Washington

Asthma, Inc. 2 566,949 1 181,792 — — 1 385,157

Avatar Design and Development, Inc. 1 120,327 1 120,327 — — — —

Barlow Scientific 2 464,465 2 464,465 — — — —

Battelle Pacific Northwest 

Laboratories

1 478,625 1 478,625 — — — —

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research 

Center

18 34,987,534 16 8,900,531 — — 2 26,087,003

Icogen Corporation 1 200,993 1 200,993 — — — —

Institute for Systems Biology 3 6,116,872 1 121,500 — — 2 5,995,372

King County Public Health 

Department

1 356,523 1 356,523 — — — —

MathSoft, Inc. 1 99,621 1 99,621 — — — —

Phantoms By Design 2 500,556 2 500,556 — — — —

Puget Sound Blood Center 4 1,021,861 4 1,021,861 — — — —

Quantigraphics, Inc. 2 344,072 2 344,072 — — — —

Seattle Institute for Cardiac Research 2 5,775,358 2 5,775,358 — — — —

Spencer Technologies 1 393,117 1 393,117 — — — —

Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. 1 163,329 1 163,329 — — — —

The Hope Heart Institute 2 454,250 2 454,250 — — — —

Therus Corporation 1 487,265 1 487,265 — — — —

University of Washington 125 69,796,614 109 56,312,042 9 2,960,480 7 3,524,092

Washington State University 4 1,178,871 4 1,178,871 — — — —

Total Washington 174 116,507,202 153 77,555,098 9 2,960,480 12 35,991,624

West Virginia

West Virginia University 9 2,491,082 8 2,442,934 1 48,148 — —

Total West Virginia 9 2,491,082 8 2,442,934 1 48,148 — —

Wisconsin

Blood Center of Southeastern 

Wisconsin

9 4,537,936 8 4,356,936 1 181,000 — —

EraGen Biosciences, Inc. 1 98,482 1 98,482 — — — —

Marquette University 1 219,313 1 219,313 — — — —

Medical College of Wisconsin 67 36,797,824 60 30,481,363 4 590,414 3 5,726,047

University of Wisconsin, La Crosse 1 120,790 1 120,790 — — — —

University of Wisconsin, Madison 51 22,835,777 45 20,710,673 5 1,448,741 1 676,363

Total Wisconsin 130 64,610,122 116 55,987,557 10 2,220,155 4 6,402,410

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

174

Wyoming

University of Wyoming 1 140,500 1 140,500 — — — —

Total Wyoming 1 140,500 1 140,500 — — — —

Puerto Rico

Ponce School of Medicine 1 126,631 1 126,631 — — — —

Universidad Central del Caribe — 183,265 — 183,265 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez — 204,751 — 204,751 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico Medical 

Sciences

1 607,560 1 607,560 — — — —

University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 1 402,472 1 402,472 — — — —

Total Puerto Rico 3 1,524,679 3 1,524,679 — — — —

Total US 5,765 2,533,054,391 5,077 2,159,982,970 456 84,906,750 232 288,164,671

Australia

Child Health Research Institute 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

Children’s Hospital at Westmead 1 108,000 1 108,000 — — — —

National Centre/HIV Epidemiology 

Clinical Research

1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

Royal Melbourne Hospital 1 175,000 1 175,000 — — — —

St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical 

Research

1 103,380 1 103,380 — — — —

University of Sydney 2 317,600 2 317,600 — — — —

University of Western Australia 1 243,000 1 243,000 — — — —

Victor Chang Cardiac Research 

Institute

2 142,364 1 95,944 1 46,420 — —

Total Australia 11 1,639,344 10 1,592,924 1 46,420 — —

Belgium

Flanders Interuniversity Institute of 

Biotechnology

2 216,608 1 175,000 1 41,608 — —

Free University of Brussels 1 297,000 1 297,000 — — — —

University of Antwerp 1 124,263 1 124,263 — — — —

Total Belgium 4 637,871 3 596,263 1 41,608 — —

Brazil

Federal University of Bahia — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Total Brazil — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Canada

Clinical Research Institute of 

Montreal

3 655,629 3 655,629 — — — —

Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto 4 960,290 3 746,838 — — 1 213,452

London Health Sciences Center 1 32,093 — — — — 1 32,093

McGill University 1 300,000 1 300,000 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

175

McMaster University 2 2,048,704 — — — — 2 2,048,704

Ontario Cancer Institute 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

Ottawa Health Research Institute 1 250,000 1 250,000 — — — —

Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center 1 199,403 1 199,403 — — — —

UHN Toronto General Hospital 1 360,600 1 360,600 — — — —

University Health Network 1 250,000 1 250,000 — — — —

University of Calgary 2 291,357 2 291,357 — — — —

University of British Columbia 1 225,000 1 225,000 — — — —

Total Canada 19 5,773,076 15 3,478,827 — — 4 2,294,249

China

Chinese Center, Disease Control and 

Prevention

— 24,300 — 24,300 — — — —

Total China — 24,300 — 24,300 — — — —

Finland

University of Helsinki 1 250,000 1 250,000 — — — —

University of Turku 1 49,864 — — 1 49,864 — —

Total Finland 2 299,864 1 250,000 1 49,864 — —

India

Center for DNA Fingerprinting/

Diagnostics

— 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Total India — 39,000 — 39,000 — — — —

Israel

Technion-Israel Institute of 

Technology

3 509,533 2 494,032 1 15,501 — —

Total Israel 3 509,533 2 494,032 1 15,501 — —

Italy

University of Parma 1 369,543 1 369,543 — — — —

Total Italy 1 369,543 1 369,543 — — — —

Netherlands

Erasmus University of Rotterdam 1 216,000 1 216,000 — — — —

State University at Groningen 1 270,000 1 270,000 — — — —

University of Amsterdam 1 56,308 — — 1 56,308 — —

Total Netherlands 3 542,308 2 486,000 1 56,308 — —

Russia

Central Institute for Tuberculosis 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Total Russia 1 150,000 1 150,000 — — — —

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Chapter 14. Geographic Distribution of Awards

176

Sweden

Migramed 1 452,144 1 452,144 — — — —

Total Sweden 1 452,144 1 452,144 — — — —

Thailand

Chiang Mai University — 16,200 — 16,200 — — — —

Total Thailand — 16,200 — 16,200 — — — —

United Kingdom

King’s College London 1 250,000 1 250,000 — — — —

MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit 1 56,308 — — 1 56,308 — —

University College London 1 281,149 1 281,149 — — — —

University of Bristol 1 487,123 1 487,123 — — — —

University of Cambridge 1 296,256 1 296,256 — — — —

University of Edinburgh 1 200,000 1 200,000 — — — —

University of Leicester 1 41,608 — — 1 41,608 — —

University of London National Heart 

and Lung Institute

1 332,263 1 332,263 — — — —

University of Sheffield 1 125,000 1 125,000 — — — —

University of Southampton 1 309,750 1 309,750 — — — —

Total United Kingdom 10 2,379,457 8 2,281,541 2 97,916 — —

Total Other 55 $ 12,871,640 44 $ 10,269,774 7 $ 307,617 4 $ 2,294,249

Grand Total 5,820 $2,545,926,031 5,121 $2,170,252,744 463 $85,214,367 236 $290,458,920

Institution Totals Grants

Research Training 

and Career 

Development Contracts

No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar No. Dollar
Appendixes

Types of Research Activity

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

Index

NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

179

Research Projects

Research Project Grants (R01): To support discrete and specific projects to be performed by one or 

several investigators in areas of the investigator's 

particular interests and competencies.

Research Projects (Cooperative Agreements) 

(U01): To support discrete, circumscribed projects 

in areas of an investigator's specific interest and 

competency involving substantial programmatic participation by the NHLBI during performance of the 

activity.

Research Program Projects (P01): To support 

broadly based, multidisciplinary, often long-term 

research projects that have specific major objectives 

or basic themes directed toward a well-defined 

research program goal. Usually, a relatively large, 

organized group of researchers conducts individual 

subprojects, the results of which help achieve objectives of the program project.

Small Research Grants (R03): To provide limited 

support for extended analyses of research data generated by clinical trials, population research, and demonstration and education studies.

Academic Research Enhancement Awards 

(AREA) (R15): To support small-scale research 

projects conducted by faculty in primarily baccalaureate degree-granting domestic institutions. Awards 

are for up to $75,000 for direct costs (plus applicable 

indirect costs) for periods not to exceed 36 months.

Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21): To 

encourage the development of new research activities in heart, lung, and blood diseases and sleep disorders program areas.

Resource-Related Research Projects (R24): To 

support research projects that will enhance the capability of resources to serve biomedical research in 

areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood health 

and diseases; blood resources; and sleep disorders. 

First Independent Research Support and Transition (FIRST) Award (R29): To provide a sufficient 

initial period of research support for newly independent biomedical investigators to develop their 

research capabilities and demonstrate the merit of 

their research ideas.

Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R33): To provide phase II support for innovative exploratory and 

developmental research activities initiated under the 

R21 mechanism.

Method To Extend Research in Time (MERIT) 

Award (R37): To provide long-term research grant 

support to investigators whose research competency 

and productivity are distinctly superior and thus are 

likely to continue to perform in an outstanding manner. Investigators may not apply for a MERIT 

award; instead, they are selected by the NHLBI on 

the basis of their current grant applications and their 

present and past grant support.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase I (R41): To support cooperative 

R&D projects between small business concerns and 

research institutions, limited in time and amount, to 

establish the technical merit and feasibility of ideas 

that have potential for commercialization. Awards 

are made to small business concerns only.

Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) 

Grants—Phase II (R42): To support in-depth 

development of cooperative R&D projects between 

small business concerns and research institutions, 

limited in time and amount, whose feasibility has 

been established in Phase I and that have potential 

for commercialization. Awards are made to small 

business concerns only.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase I (R43): To support projects, limited 

in time and amount, to establish the technical merit 

and feasibility of research and development ideas 

that may ultimately lead to commercial products or 

services.

Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

Grants, Phase II (R44): To support research 

project ideas that have been shown to be feasible in 

Phase I and that are likely to result in commercially 

marketable products or services.

Types of Research Activity
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

180

Research Centers

Exploratory Grants (P20): To support planning for 

new programs, expansion or modification of existing 

resources, and feasibility studies to explore various 

approaches to the development of interdisciplinary programs that offer potential solutions to problems of special significance to the mission of the NHLBI.

Center Core Grants (P30): To support shared 

resources and facilities for basic, clinical, behavioral, 

and translational research in the prevention, detection, 

and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. 

Animal (Mammalian and Nonmammalian) Model 

and Animal and Material Resource Grant (P40): To 

develop and support animal models, or animal or biological materials resources. Nonmammalian resources 

include nonmammalian vertebrates, invertebrates, cell 

systems, and nonbiological systems.

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) Grants 

(P50): To support both basic and clinical research 

related to an Institute-identified theme. The spectrum of 

SCOR activities comprises multidisciplinary approaches 

to specific disease entities or biomedical problem areas. 

The SCOR grants differ from research program projects 

in that they are in response to an announcement of programmatic needs of the Institute. Centers may be asked 

to perform additional studies because of urgently needed 

information or may serve as a regional or national 

resource for special purpose research.

Comprehensive Specialized Research Center Grants 

(U54): To support a large, interrelated biomedical 

research program focused on a disorder within the Institute’s mandate; to initiate and expand community education, screening, and counseling programs; and to educate 

medical and allied health professionals concerning problems of diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases such 

as sickle cell anemia.

Research Career Programs

Mentored Research Scientist Development Award for 

Minority Faculty (K01): To support underrepresented 

minority faculty members with varying levels of 

research experience to prepare them for research careers 

as independent investigators.

Minority Institution Faculty Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01): To support at 

minority institutions faculty members who have the 

interest and potential to conduct state-of-the-art research 

in the areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or hematologic disease, or in sleep disorders.

Independent Scientist Award (K02): To enhance the 

research capability of promising individuals in the formative stages of their careers of independent research in 

the sciences related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; 

blood resources; and sleep disorders.

Research Career Development Award (RCDA) 

(K04): To foster the development of young scientists 

with outstanding research potential for careers of independent research in the sciences related to heart, lung, 

and blood diseases and blood resources. New grants are 

no longer awarded.

Research Career Award (RCA) (K06): To assist institutions in supporting established investigators of high 

competency for the duration of their careers. New grants 

are no longer awarded.

Academic Award (K07): To support an individual with 

an academic appointment to introduce or improve a disease curriculum that will enhance the academic or 

research environment of the applicant institution as well 

as further the individual's own career. This award series 

includes the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award, 

the Preventive Pulmonary Academic Award, the Transfusion Medicine Academic Award, and the Systemic 

Pulmonary and Vascular Diseases Academic Awards, the 

Asthma Academic Award, the Tuberculosis Academic 

Award, the Sleep Academic Award, and the Nutrition 

Academic Award. Currently, only the Sleep Academic 

Award and the Nutrition Academic Award programs are 

being supported.

Clinical Investigator Development Award (CIDA) 

(K08): To provide an opportunity for clinically trained 

physicians to develop research skills and gain experience 

in advanced research methods and experimental 

approaches in basic and applied sciences relevant to 

cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological diseases. 

This award was developed as a means to encourage clinical investigators to engage in research in specific areas 

designated by the Institute.

Physician Scientist Award (PSA) (K11): To encourage 

newly trained clinicians to develop independent research 

skills and experience in one of the fundamental sciences. 

New grants are no longer awarded.

Minority School Faculty Development Award (K14): 

To develop faculty investigators at minority schools and 

to enhance their research capabilities in areas related to 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

181

heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood resources; and 

sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Research Development Award for Minority Faculty 

(K14): To encourage the development of minority faculty investigators and to enhance their research capabilities in areas related to cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders. New grants are no longer awarded.

Career Enhancement Award for Stem Cell Research 

(K18): To enable established investigators to acquire 

new research capabilities in the use of human or animal 

embryonic, adult, or cord blood stem cells. All candidates must have a sponsor, either within their own or at 

another institution, who is a well qualified stem cell 

expert to serve as a mentor.

Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23): To provide support for career 

development to investigators who have made a commitment to focus their research endeavors on patientoriented research. 

Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented 

Research (K24): To provide support for clinicians to 

allow them “protected time” to devote to patient-oriented 

research and to act as mentors for beginning clinical 

investigators. 

Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (K25): To provide support to investigators 

with quantitative science or engineering backgrounds 

who have made a commitment to focus their research on 

basic or clinical biomedicine, bioengineering, bioimaging, or behavioral sciences.

Clinical Research Curriculum Award (CRCA) (K30): 

To stimulate inclusion of high-quality, multidisciplinary 

didactic training in fundamental skills, methodology, 

theories, and conceptualization as part of the career 

development of clinical investigators. 

Other Research Grants

Scientific Evaluation (R09): To provide funds to the 

chairman of an initial review group for operation of the 

review group.

Cooperative Clinical Research (R10) (U10): To support studies and evaluations of relevant clinical problems. These grants usually involve collaborative efforts 

among several institutions and principal investigators 

and are conducted under a formal protocol.

Conference Grants (R13): To support national and 

international scientific meetings, conferences, or workshops at which research is discussed.

Research Demonstration and Education Projects 

(R18): To provide support designed to develop, test, and 

evaluate health-related activities and to foster application 

of existing knowledge to the control of heart, lung, and 

blood diseases and sleep disorders.

Education Projects (R25): To provide support for the 

development and implementation of a program as it 

relates to a category in one or more of the areas of education, information, training, technical assistance, coordination, or evaluation.

Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS) 

Grants (S06) (S14): To strengthen the biomedical 

research and research training capability of minority 

institutions and to assist in increasing the involvement of 

minority faculty and students in biomedical research.

Biomedical Research Support Grants (S07): To 

strengthen, balance, and stabilize supported biomedical 

and behavioral research programs through flexible funds 

that permit institutions to respond quickly and effectively to emerging needs and opportunities; to enhance 

creativity and innovation, to support pilot studies, and to 

improve research resources.

Continuing Education Training Grant (T15): To 

assist professional schools and other public and nonprofit institutions to establish, expand, or improve programs of continuing professional education, especially 

for programs dealing with new scientific developments.

Scientific Review and Evaluation (U09): To support 

an initial Scientific Review Group responsible for the 

assessment of scientific and technical merit of grant 

applications.

Conference (Cooperative Agreements) (U13): To support international, national, or regional meetings; conferences; and workshops where substantial programmatic 

involvement is planned to assist the recipient.

Resource-Related Research Projects (U24): To support research projects contributing to improvement of the 

capability of resources to serve biomedical research.

Historical Black College and University Scientist 

Award (UH1): To strengthen and augment the human 

resources at historically black colleges and universities 

(HBCUs) by recruiting an established research scientist 

into their biomedical or behavioral sciences department; 
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Types of Research Activity

182

to enhance the career of the recruited research scientist; 

and to strengthen other HBCU resources for the conduct 

of biomedical or behavioral research in areas related to 

cardiovascular, lung, and blood health and disease; transfusion medicine; and sleep disorders.

Individual National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA) 

Predoctoral Individual NRSA (F31): To provide predoctoral individuals with supervised research training in 

areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases; blood 

resources; and sleep disorders leading toward the 

research degree (e.g., Ph.D.).

Postdoctoral Individual NRSA (F32): To provide 

postdoctoral research training to individuals to broaden 

their scientific background and extend their potential for 

research in areas related to heart, lung, and blood diseases and blood resources.

NRSA for Senior Fellows (F33): To provide experienced scientists with an opportunity to make major 

changes in the direction of their research careers, to 

broaden their scientific background, to acquire new 

research capabilities, to enlarge their command of an 

allied research field, or to take time from regular professional responsibilities for the purpose of broadening their 

research capabilities.

Intramural NRSA Individual Postdoctoral Program 

Appointee (F35): To offer research health scientists, 

research clinicians, and others the opportunity to receive 

full-time research training in intramural laboratories of 

the NHLBI and of other Institutes of the NIH.

Institutional National Research Service 

Awards (NRSA)

Institutional NRSA (T32): To enable institutions to 

make awards to individuals selected by them for predoctoral and postdoctoral research training in areas related 

to heart, lung, and blood diseases, blood resources, and 

sleep disorders.

Minority Institutional Research Training Program 

(T32M): To support full-time research training for 

investigative careers at minority schools in areas of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic diseases and 

sleep disorders. Graduate students, postdoctoral students, or health professions students may be supported 

under this program.

MARC Undergraduate NRSA Institutional Grants 

(T34): To support institutional training grants for underrepresented minority undergraduates to obtain research 

training and improve their preparation for graduate training in the biomedical and behavioral sciences.

NRSA Short-Term Research Training (T35 and 

T35S): To provide individuals with research training 

during off-quarters or summer periods to encourage 

research careers or to encourage research in areas of 

national need. This program includes the Short-Term 

Training for Minority Students Program and short-term 

training for students in health professional schools.

MARC Visiting Professors for Minority Institutions 

(T36): To increase the number of well-trained minority 

scientists in biomedical disciplines and to strengthen the 

research and teaching capabilities of minority institutions.

Other Support

Research and Development Contracts (N01): To 

develop or apply new knowledge or test, screen, or evaluate a product, material, device, or component for use by 

the scientific community.

Small Business Innovation Research (N43): To support projects, limited in time and amount, to establish the 

technical merit and feasibility of R&D ideas that may 

ultimately lead to a commercial product(s) or services(s).

NIH Interagency Agreements (Y01): To provide a 

source of funds to another Federal agency to acquire specific products, services, or studies.

NIH Intra-Agency Agreements (Y02): To provide a 

source of funds to another NIH component to acquire 

specific products, services, or studies.

Minority Research Supplements Programs: To 

provide supplemental funds to active NHLBI grants to 

support the research of minority high school, undergraduate, and graduate students; postdoctoral trainees; and 

investigators.
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

183

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACCORD Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk 

in Diabetes

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme

ACES Azithromycin and Coronary Events 

Study

ACRN Asthma Clinical Research Network

ACTION A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of 

Exercise

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALLHAT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering 

Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial

APPLES Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term 

Efficacy Study

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

ARDSNET Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 

Clinical Network

ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities

ATP III Adult Treatment Panel III

BABY HUG Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical 

Trial

BEA Board of Extramural Advisors

BARI 2D Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization 

Investigation in Type 2 Diabetics

CABG coronary artery bypass graft

CAMP–CS Childhood Asthma Management

/Phase 2 Program–Continuation Study/Phase 2

CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in 

Young Adults

CARE Childhood Asthma Research and 

Education Network

CF cystic fibrosis

CHD coronary heart disease

CHF congestive heart failure

CHS Cardiovascular Health Study

COBLT Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation 

Study

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CSCC Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers

CVD cardiovascular diseases

DBDR Division of Blood Diseases and 

Resources

DECA Division of Epidemiology and Clinical 

Applications

DHHS Department of Health and Human 

Services

DHVD Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases

DIR Division of Intramural Research

DLD Division of Lung Diseases

EDUC Enhanced Dissemination and Utilization 

Center

ENRICHD Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart 

Disease

ESCAPE Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart 

Failure and Pulmonary Artery 

Catheterization Effectiveness

FDA Food and Drug Administration

FHS–SCAN Family Heart Study–Subclinical 

Atherosclerosis Network

FIRST First Independent Research Support and 

Transition

FORTE Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in 

Emphysema

FY fiscal year

GEMS Girls Health Enrichment Multisite 

Studies

GOCADAN Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in 

Alaskan Natives
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

184

HAT Home Automatic External Defibrillator 

Trial

HBCU historically black colleges and 

universities

HDL high-density lipoprotein

HEIRS Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload 

Screen Study

HEW Department of Health, Education, and 

Welfare (now HHS)

HHS Health and Human Services (formerly 

HEW)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HT hormone therapy

ICD International Classification of Diseases; 

also, implantable cardiac defibrillator

JHS Jackson Heart Study

LAM lymphangioleiomyomatosis

LDL low-density lipoprotein

MARC Minority Access to Research Careers

MBRS Minority Biomedical Research Support

MERIT Method to Extend Research in Time

MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

MGS Mammalian Genotyping Service

MI myocardial infarction 

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

MSH Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea

NAEPP National Asthma Education and 

Prevention Program

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics

NCI National Cancer Institute

NCSDR National Center on Sleep Disorders 

Research

NETT National Emphysema Treatment Trial

NHAAP National Heart Attack Alert Program

NHANES National Health and Nutrition 

Examination Survey

NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education 

Program

NHI National Heart Institute

NHIS National Health Interview Survey

NHLBAC National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Advisory Council

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute (formerly NHI and NHLI)

NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute

NIA National Institute on Aging

NICHD National Institute of Child Health and 

Human Development

NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and 

Digestive and Kidney Diseases

NIDDM noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

NIH National Institutes of Health

NIMH National Institute of Mental Health

NLMS National Longitudinal Mortality Study

NO nitric oxide

NRSA National Research Service Award

OAR Office of AIDS Research

OAT Occluded Artery Trial

OD Office of the Director

OEI Obesity Education Initiative

OMHA Office of Minority Health

OPEC Office of Prevention, Education, and 

Control

OSA obstructive sleep apnea

PA Program Announcement

PAD Public Access Defibrillation

PAHI Pan American Hypertension Initiative
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

185

PAHO Pan American Health Organization

PEACE Prevention of Events With Angiotensin 

Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy

PEGT Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy

PGA Programs for Genomic Applications

PHS Public Health Service

PIOPED-II Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary 

Embolism Diagnosis-II

PTCA percutaneous translumina coronary 

angioplasty

R&D research and development

REDS Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study

RFA Request for Applications

RFP Request for Proposals

RMS research management and support

RPG research project grant

SANDS Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetic 

Study

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research

SCD sickle cell disease

SCCOR Specialized Centers of Clinically 

Oriented Research

SCD-HeFT Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure 

Trial

SCOR Specialized Centers of Research

SDB Sleep Disordered Breathing

SEP Special Emphasis Panel

SES socioeconomic status

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

SRG Scientific Research Group

STICH Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart 

Failure

STOP Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer

TAAG Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls

TB tuberculosis

WAVE Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and 

Estrogen Trial

WHI Women’s Health Initiative

WHL World Health League

WLM Weight Loss Maintenance

WISE Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation

WHO World Health Organization

NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Index

187

Index

A

A CHF Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise (ACTION), 

84, 86, 112, 114

Abbreviations, 183–185

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD), 

115, 119, 120, 139

Acute Lung Injury, 99, 101

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network 

(ARDSNET), 116, 119, 122–123

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis, 99, 101

Ancillary Pharmacogenetics Studies in Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Disease Trials, 57

Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent 

Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 33, 115, 119, 120

Apnea Positive Pressure Long-Term Efficacy Study (APPLES), 

85, 97–98, 113–114

Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN), 30, 56, 84, 93, 

113, 140

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), 106, 132

Azithromycin and Coronary Events Study (ACES), 84, 86, 112, 

114

B

Basic Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology, 57

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Research Network, 85, 

97, 118, 119, 125

Blood diseases (See also Disease statistics), deaths, and 

economic costs, 36–38, 53

Blood Diseases and Resources Program, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 67

Budget History, FY 1950–2003, 69

Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 

Diabetics (BARI 2D), 84, 86–87, 112, 114, 139

C

Cardiovascular Diseases (See Heart and vascular diseases)

Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 106–107, 132

Cell-Based Therapies for Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep 

Disorders, 57

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma, 99, 101

Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and 

Blood Diseases, 84, 87

Centers for AIDS Research Program, 65, 67, 77, 104

Centers for Reducing Asthma Disparities, 84, 94, 140

Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), 116, 119, 

123, 140

Childhood Asthma Management Program–Continuation Study 

(CAMP–CS)/Phase 2, 84, 94

Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network, 

84, 94, 117, 119, 123–124, 140

Clinical Research in Peripheral Artery Disease, 55

Clinical Trials (See also individual trials), 111–129

Institute-initiated: contracts, FY 1993–2003, 115–116

cooperative agreements, FY 1993–2003, 117–118

summary by program, FY 2003, 119

Investigator-initiated, FY 1993–2003, 111–113

summary by program, FY 2003, 114

Collaborative Program in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, 84, 

94–95

Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers Program, 56, 104, 143

Contract obligations (See Research and development contracts)

Cooperative Agreements, 77, 84–98, 111–113, 117–118, 119, 

121–125, 127, 179

Coordination of Vascularization and Lung Development, 56

COPD Clinical Research Network, 56

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study (COBLT), 116, 

119, 125–126

Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults 

(CARDIA), 106, 107,132

D

Dietary Macronutrients and Weight Loss, 84, 87

Directory of Personnel, 1–8

Disease statistics (See also Blood diseases, Heart and vascular 

diseases, Lung diseases)

adult population with hypertension, 51

change in death rates for selected causes, 45

death rates for cardiovascular diseases, 39, 41

death rates for heart diseases, 39, 41–44

death rates for lung diseases, 45, 47–48

death rates for stroke, 39, 41–42

deaths by major causes, 37

deaths from blood diseases, 37–38

deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 37–39, 46

deaths from congestive heart failure, 41

deaths from lung diseases, 37–38, 46

discharged dead from hospital with cardiovascular and lung 

diseases, 43

economic costs of illness, 53

hospitalization rates for congestive heart failure, 52
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Index

188

physician office visits for sleep disorders, 48

prevalence of asthma, 52

prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, 50

prevalence of common cardiovascular, lung, and blood 

diseases, 49–50, 52

ten leading causes of death among minority groups, 40

ten leading causes of death, 40

E

Employment, FY 1993–2003, 72

Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients 

(ENRICHD), 115, 119, 120, 138

Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, obligations by 

funding mechanism, 66

Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary 

Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE), 115, 119, 

121

Extramural research funding

dollars funded by funding mechanism, FY 1993–2003, 

74–75

percentage trends by funding mechanism, FY 1993–2003, 

74, 76

F

Family Blood Pressure Program, 84, 87–88, 134

Family Heart Study—Subclinical Atherosclerosis Network 

(FHS-CAN), 84, 88

Feasibility of Retinoid Treatment in Emphysema (FORTE), 

116, 119, 124

Framingham Study (Framingham Heart Study), 28, 30, 106, 

107

Functional Heterogeneity of the Peripheral, Pulmonary, and 

Lymphatic Vessels, 57

G

Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives 

(GOCADAN), 84, 88, 132

Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS), 84, 88, 

117, 119, 121, 137

H

Heart and vascular diseases (See also Disease statistics), 

cardiovascular diseases, 35–36

Heart and Vascular Diseases Program, obligations by funding 

mechanism, 66

Hematocrit Strategy in Infant Heart Surgery, 84, 88–89, 112, 

114

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology, 99, 102

Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening Study 

(HEIRS), 106, 109–110

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders, 99, 102

Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT), 84, 89, 

114

I

Important events in NHLBI history, 25–33

Individual National Research Service Awards (NRSA), 147–

150, 182

Induction of Stable Chimerism for Sickle Cell Anemia, 85, 97, 

113, 114

Inhaled Nitric Oxide for the Prevention of Chronic Lung 

Disease, 84, 95, 113, 114, 141

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease, 

84, 95, 113, 114, 141

Institutional National Research Training Awards (NRSA), 147–

150, 182

Interaction of Genes and Environment in Shaping Risk Factors 

for Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Disorders, 84, 89

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks, 99, 100, 139

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart Failure, 

99, 100

J

Jackson Heart Study (JHS), 106, 107–108, 132

L

Linkage Study in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis, 84, 95

Lung diseases (See also Disease statistics), deaths and 

economic costs, 38, 40, 43, 45–48, 53

Lung Diseases Program, obligations by funding mechanism, 67

M

Maintenance of NHLBI Biological Specimen Repository, 106, 

110

Mammalian Genotyping Service (MGS), 106, 108

Mechanisms of Fetal Hemoglobin Gene Silencing for 

Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease and Cooley's Anemia, 57, 

143

Minority Activities, 131–144

Minority K-12 Initiative for Teachers and Students (MKITS), 

57

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension, 99, 100, 134

Molecular Mechanism of Mucous Cell Metaplasia and Excess 

Mucous Secretion in Human Airway Diseases, 56

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis, 99, 100

Molecular Target and Drug Discovery for Idiopathic 

Pulmonary Fibrosis, 56
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Index

189

Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH) in Sickle Cell 

Anemia Adult Follow-up, 33, 116, 119, 126

Multidisciplinary Study of Right Ventricular Dysplasia, 84, 

89

Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 106, 108, 132

N

National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, obligation by 

funding mechanism, 67

National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT), 32, 33, 116, 

119, 124–125

National Swine Research and Resource Center, 58

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea, 99, 103

NHLBI Competitive Supplements for Human Embryonic Stem 

Cell Research, 57

NHLBI Innovative Research Grant Program, 57

Nonhuman Primate Models of HIV-Associated Pulmonary, 

Cardiovascular, and Hematological Disorders, 57–58

O

Obligations by funding mechanism, FY 2003, 65–68

Obligations by program, FY 2003, 65–68

Obligations trends, FY 1993–2003,

budget category:

constant dollars, 70–71

current dollars, 70–71

budget history, 69

funding mechanism, 72, 74–76

Institute-initiated awards and investigator-initiated awards, 

73–74

Obligations, extramural, by state and institution, FY 2003 (See 

Funding of grants, contracts, and training)

Occluded Artery Trial (OAT), 84, 89–90, 112, 114

P

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease, 99, 101–102

Pathobiology of Lung Development, 99, 102

Pathophysiologic Mechanism of Obesity-Associated 

Cardiovascular Disease, 55

Pediatric Cardiovascular Clinical Research Network, 84, 90, 

117, 119, 121

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases, 99, 100–101

Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG), 

116, 119, 126, 143

Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Treatment, 84, 95–96

Pharmacogenetics Research Network, 84, 90

Prevention of Events With Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 

Inhibitor Therapy (PEACE), 115, 119, 121

Program Overview, 9–23

Program Project Grants (P01), 77, 179

Programs of Excellence in Gene Therapy, 84, 90

Programs of Genomic Applications (PGAs) for Heart, Lung, 

and Blood Diseases, 84, 90–91

Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis-II 

(PIOPED II), 84, 96, 113, 114

Proteomics Initiative, 106, 108–109

Pulmonary diseases (See Lung Diseases)

R

Rat Genome Database, 58

Reference Laboratory to Evaluate Therapies for Sickle Cell 

Disease, 85, 97, 143

Research Activity, types of, 179–182

Research and development contracts (See also individual 

programs and studies), 105–110

by program, FY 2003, 65–68

Institute-initiated clinical trials, 115–116, 119

Research Career Programs, 65–68, 180–181

awards, FY 1993–2003, 151

minority biomedical research, FY 1993–2003, 153

obligation trends, FY 1993–2003, 152

Research grants,

by category, FY 2003, 77

by funding mechanism, 77

clinical trials, 111–114

investigator-initiated and Institute-initiated, FY 1993–2003, 

81

obligation trends, FY 1993–2003, 78

Research project grants

amount funded, FY 1993–2003, 82

applications reviewed and awarded, FY 1993–2003, 80

average costs, FY 1993–2003, 83

by category, 77

by funding mechanism, 77

by program, 66–68

facility and administrative costs, 82

Research Training and Career Development (See also Research 

Career Programs),

full-time training positions, FY 1993–2003, 147–148, 150

history of training obligations, FY 1993–2003, 149

minority biomedical obligations, 153

research career programs: awards and obligations, FY 1993–

2003, 151–153

supplements program: awards and obligations, FY 1993–

2003, 153–154

Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS), 56–57, 106, 

110
NHLBI FY 2003 Fact Book

Index

190

S

Sarcoidosis Genetic Linkage Consortium, 84, 96, 141

Scleroderma Lung Study, 84, 96, 113, 114

Sibling Donor Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation, 85, 

97, 113, 114, 144

Sleep Heart Health Study, 85, 98

Somatic Cell Therapy Processing Facilities, 57

Specialized Centers of Clinical Research (SCCOR) in 

Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury, 56, 102

Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR),

Acute Lung Injury, 99, 101

Airway Biology and Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis, 56, 99, 

101

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma, 99, 101

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology, 99, 102

Hemostatic and Thrombotic Disorders, 99, 102

Ischemic Heart Disease in Blacks, 99, 100, 139

Ischemic Heart Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, Heart 

Failure, 99, 100

Molecular Genetics of Hypertension, 99, 100, 134

Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis, 99, 100

Neurobiology of Sleep and Sleep Apnea, 56, 99, 103

Pathobiology of Fibrotic Lung Disease, 99, 101–102

Pathobiology of Lung Development, 99, 102

Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases, 99, 100–101

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 99, 102–103

Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study (SANDS), 84, 

91, 112, 114

Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2), 85, 97, 113, 

114

Strong Heart Study, 29, 84, 91–92, 132

Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT), 84, 

92, 112, 114

Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH), 84, 92, 

112, 114

T

T-Cell Depletion in Unrelated Donor Marrow Transplantation, 

116, 119, 126–127

Thalassemia (Cooley’s Anemia) Clinical Research Network, 

85, 97, 118, 119, 127, 144

Transfusion Biology and Medicine, 99, 102–103

Transfusion Medicine/Hemostasis Clinical Research Network, 

85, 97, 118, 119, 127

Translational Behavioral Science Research Consortium, 106, 

109

Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), 84, 92–93, 117, 

119, 121–122, 137

W

Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM), 84, 92–93, 112, 114

Women’s Angiographic Vitamin and Estrogen Trial (WAVE), 

115, 119, 122

Women’s Health Initiative, 9, 10, 18–19, 31, 33, 68, 116, 119, 

128–129, 145

Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE), 84, 93, 112, 

114, 115