U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and StatisticsAdministrationU.S. CENSUS BUREAUU.S. Department of Housingand Urban DevelopmentOFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCHH150/09



# USCENSUSBUREAU Current Housing Reports 

# American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 H150/09 2009American Housing Survey for theUnited States: 2009Current Housing ReportsIssued March 20114/7/2011 10:45:08 AM4/7/2011 10:45:08 AMCOVERAHS09.indd 1

## ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report presents data from the American Housing Survey, which was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Develop ment and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. It was prepared primarily under the direction of Edward J. Szymanoski, Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs, and David S. Johnson , Chief, Housing and Household Eco nomic Statistics Division, Census Bureau. Shawn Bucholtz , assisted by David Vandenbroucke, Carolyn Lynch , and Wendy Chi, was responsible for overseeing the American Housing Survey resultant report on behalf of the Depart ment of Housing and Urban Development. Within the Census Bureau, this report was devel oped in the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division. It was prepared under the oversight of Arthur R. Cresce, Jr. , Assistant Division Chief for Housing Characteristics. Man agement, coordination, and analysis of this report were under the supervi

sion of Tamara Cole , Chief, American Housing Survey Branch. Primary staff assis tance was pro

vided by George T. Boyd , George R. Carter III , Kwame Donaldson, Sydney England, Janet Freeland , Kimberly A. Geaghan, William L. Hartnett , Saundra Lord , Mousumi Sarkar, Matthew B. Streeter, and Salvatore Zagarella. Under the direction of Cheryl R. Landman , Chief, Demographic Surveys Division, Thomas L. Blatt , Assistant Division Chief, over saw the implementa

tion of the American Hous ing Survey operational activities and directed the systems and process

ing procedures. Under the supervision of Joe Huesman, Chief, Hous ing Surveys Branch, Victoria Bookhultz , Evan Brassell, Sydney Henderson, Nancy J. Midziolek , Kyle E. Moore, Serria Scott, Ariel L. Teichman , and Kenya D. Tyndle coordi nated the operational aspects of the American Housing Survey. Under the supervision of Debra K. P. Knoll , Chief, Housing Surveys Program ming Branch, Sharonica L. Baker , Ruth W. Coffie, Lisa A. Ferrer , Thomas A. Iseman , Cynfon L. Lyle , Jimmy T. Nguyen , Susan K. Peters , Diana A. Rubin , Diane S. Schwartz, and Kenneth Steuerman provided computer pro gramming and processing. Lewis S. Lenkey , Evelyn J. Lincoln , and Frederick L. McKee provided procedures for mailouts and schedul ing. The Demographic Statistical Methods Division, under the direction of Ruth Ann Killion , Chief, performed sampling, reinterview, and related activi

ties. Under the supervision of Aref Dajani , Chief, Longitudinal Surveys Branch, Robert Abramson , Stephanie Coffey, Matt Stevens, Toni Marie Warner, and Allison Zotti developed the sample design, weighting, and computation of sampling variances and standard errors. Shawn P. Barber , Debra A. Camper , Chongshan Chen , Marilyn E. Dorner , Leslie R. Flores , Kimberly Kochurka, Niki L. Lamas , Thomas G. L. Lee, Debi Mullen, Robert Sanders , Don Washington , Chengee B. White , and the Statistical Methods and Quality Assurance Branch (National Processing Center) implemented the sample selection and prepared sample controls. Deloris A. Cockrell , Nelson R. Freeze , Lorie McCray , Justin D. Nguyen , and Karen Lynn Spinosi conducted the reinterview design, pro cedures, analysis, and pr ogramming. Field Division, under the direction of Brian Monaghan , Chief, Michael J. Weiler , Assistant Division Chief for Surveys, and Medell E. Ford III , Branch Chief for Health and Housing Surveys, assisted by Altheria Y. Barnett, Clinton Borland , Gayle Marie , and Thomas O’Leary, administered the data collec tion, clerical processing, and data entry activi ties. The Technologies Management Office, under the direction of Barbara M. LoPresti , Chief, and assisted by Karen A. Bagwell , Robert McGrath, Geofrey Pejsa, and Steven W. Tornell , Assistant Division Chiefs, provided overall automation sup

port. Thomas R. Spaulding , Authoring Team Leader, provided the computer-assisted interviewing questionnaires used for data collection. Charles M. Tyler , Jr. , ROSCO Development Team Leader, Timothy S. McGarvey , Laptop Case Management Team Leader, and Joanne N. Carruba , Master Control System Team Leader, provided computer programming and systems support. Sean McLaren, Software Testing Team Leader, provided application and systems testing support. Christopher A. Garza , CAPI Telecommunications Team Leader, provided sys tems support for the CAPI telecom

munications system. Teresa Sparks, Technical Assistance Center Team Leader, provided help desk support to the Regional Office and field staff. Amanda J. Perryand Linda Chen of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Francis Grailand Hall , Chief, provided publica

tions and printing management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic media. General direction and production man agement was provided by Claudette E. Bennett , Assistant Division Chief. Special acknowledgment is also due to the many households whose cooperation contributed to the publication of these data.

# American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009
Current Housing Reports Issued March 2011

H150/09



## U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan , Secretary Ron Sims , Deputy Secretary

OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH Raphael W. Bostic ,

Assistant Secretary 

## U.S. Department of Commerce Gary Locke , Secretary Rebecca M. Blank , Acting Deputy Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration Rebecca M. Blank , Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Robert M. Groves , DirectorSUGGESTED CITATION U.S. Census Bureau, Current Housing Reports, Series H150/09, **American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009,** 

U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 20401. Printed in 2011. ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION



## Economics and Statistics Administration Rebecca M. Blank , Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Robert M. Groves , Director Thomas L. Mesenbourg , Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer Howard R. Hogan, Associate Director for Demographic Programs David S. Johnson , Chief, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division 

## OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH Raphael W. Bostic , Assistant Secretary Kurt G. Usowski , Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs Shawn Bucholtz Director, Housing and Demographic Analysis Division

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office: Internet: <bookstore.gpo.gov>; Phone: toll-free 1-866-512-1800; DC area: 202-512-1800; Fax: 202-512-2104. For sale also by HUD USER, P.O. Box 23268, Washington, DC 20026-3268; Internet: <www.huduser.org>; Phone: toll-free 1-800-245-2691.U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

# Availability

of Data Via

Electronic Media
In addition to the data shown in this report, users may access a wealth of information based on the American Housing Survey (AHS) by way of the Internet. National and Metropolitan publications dating back to 1973 are avail

able in PDF and scanned format within the AHS Web site at <www .census.gov/prod/www/abs/cons-hou.html>. Data tables dating back to 2005 are available in Excel and PDF at <www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html>. Also available on the same page are the Alterations and Replacements data tables. Public-use microdata files can be downloaded at <www.huduser.org /datasets/ahs.html> in SAS and ASCII formats. The AHS Web site also offers users the opportunity to download national microdata from 1993 to 2003 by using DataFerrett. Additional survey information including questionnaire text, microdata codebooks, and AHS-based analyses are available at <www.huduser .org/datasets/ahs.html>. Users may send requests for data or questions regarding the data via e-mail to <ahsn@census.gov>. 

# Comments From Data Users

We, in the American Housing Survey Branch, would like to hear any questions or comments that you might have about this report and welcome your recommendations for improving the usefulness of our products. If you would like to do so, please write to: Chief, American Housing Survey Branch Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division U.S. Census Bureau Washington, DC 20233-8500 or e-mail: <ahsn@census.gov> or call: 1-888-518-7365.U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Census Bureau Home Page www.census.gov

American Housing Survey Home Page www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## iii 

# CONTENTS

Introductio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Dates of Current AHS Metropolitan

Areas: 1974 to 2009 vi Dates of AHS Metropolitan Ar eas No

Longer in Sample: 1974 to 2009 vii Total Inventory and V acant Units All housing 1. Introductory Characteristics 1-1 2. Height and Condition of Building 1-2 3. Size of Unit and Lot 1-3 4. Selected Equipment and Plumbing 1-4 5. Fuel s . . . 1-5 6. Housing and Neighborhood Quality 1-6

Occupied Units Total occupied Owner occupied Renter occupied Tables with standard column headings 1. Introductory Characteristics 2-1 3-1 4-1 2. Height and Condition of Building 2-2 3-2 4-2 3. Size of Unit and Lot 2-3 3-3 4-3 4. Selected Equipment and Plumbing 2-4 3-4 4-4 5. Fuel s . . . 2-5 3-5 4-5 6. Failures in Equipment 2-6 3-6 4-6 7. Additional Indicators of Housing Quality 2-7 3-7 4-7 8. Neighborhood

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 3-8 4-8 9. Household Composition 2-9 3-9 4-9 10. Previous Unit of Recent Movers 2-10 3-10 4-10 11. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence 2-11 3-11 4-11 12. Income Characteristics 2-12 3-12 4-12 13. Selected Housing Costs 2-13 3-13 4-13 14. Value, Pur chase Price, and Source of Down Payment * 3-14 * 15. Mortgage Characteristics * 3-15 *
Appendixes A. Definitions A-1 B. Sample Design and Weighting B-1 C. Historical Changes: 2009 C-1 D. Errors D-1 Index for Table Numbers and Appendixes Index-1 * T able only applies to owner-occupied units.

## iv American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

# Introduction

This report presents data from the American Housing Survey (AHS). The survey is sponsored by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The AHS is the most comprehensive national housing survey in the United States. It provides data on a wide range of housing subjects, including single-family homes, apartments, manufactured housing, vacant units, family composition, income, housing and neighborhood quality, housing costs, equipment, fuel type, and recent moves. National data are collected every 2 years from a sample of housing units. The national survey, which began in 1973, has sampled the same units since 1985; it also samples new construction to ensure continuity and timeliness of the data. The AHS is a household survey conducted using a laptop survey questionnaire. Units in sample were interviewed between April and September 2009. Data are collected by census enumerators by telephone or personal visit. For unoccupied units, data are collected from landlords, rental agents, or neighbors.
THE AHS IS ACTUALLY TWO SURVEYS The AHS conducts a national survey and a metropolitan area survey. The national survey, whose data are pre

sented in this report, includes about 60,000 housing units. The metropolitan survey has changed many times, mostly in response to changes in the AHS budget. This report includes a table showing the years in which data were col

lected for each metropolitan area covered by the AHS. In 2009, estimates for the following metropolitan areas are available in a separate report: Chicago, Detroit, New Orleans, New York City, Northern New Jersey, Philadelphia, and Seattle. Only New Orleans and Seattle were designed as metropolitan surveys in the traditional sense. The other five areas were surveyed as part of the 2009 national, where the existing national sample was supplemented with new sample in order to produce reliable metropolitan esti

mates. For more information see Appendix B.
SAMPLE DESIGN Each housing unit in the AHS sample represents a large number of other units. Information regarding the sam

ple size and response rate can be found in Appendix B. Sample units are weighted and represent about 2,000 other units in the national survey. The weighting is designed to minimize sampling error and utilize independent estimates of occupied and vacant housing units. SAMPLING ERRORS The data in this report are subject to error from sampling and other causes, such as incomplete data and wrong answers. Appendix D contains a complete description of the types of errors and provides formulas for constructing confidence intervals.
2009 CHANGES When comparing the 2009 report to prior years, please note the following.

Chapter 1. The following tables are no longer included in the report: Tables 1B-1 to 1B-7 (Central Cities) Tables 1C-1 to 1C-7 (Suburbs) Tables 1D-1 to 1D-7 (Outside MSAs) Tables 1A-1 through 1A-6 have been renumbered as 1-1 through 1-6. Table 1-7 (Financial Characteristics—All Housing Units) is no longer included; this information can be found in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapters 2 through 7. In order to reduce the report table width some columns are no longer included. Also, Tables 17 through 25 have been deleted in each chapter and Chapters 5 through 7 are no longer included in the report. The content of the survey questionnaire remained largely the same as the prior year, except for the addition of a series of items to determine if any household members have a physical or mental disability. See Appendix C for a complete description of the 2009 changes.
SURVEY AUTHORITY Title 12, Sections 1701z-1 and 1701z-2(g) of the U.S. Code, authorizes the Secretary of HUD to collect data from the public and private agencies and protect the confidentiality of the data. Title 12, Section 1701z-10, mandates the col

lection of the data for the AHS. The guarantee of confi

dentiality made to respondents is provided by the Census Bureau. Title 13, Section 9(a) of the U.S. Code provides that all information that would permit the identification of individuals will be held in strict confidence. Such informa

tion may be seen only by sworn Census Bureau employees and may be used only for statistical purposes. Section 214 of Title 13 sets penalties for disclosing confidential infor

mation. Unauthorized disclosure of individual information is punishable by a fine of up to $5,000 or imprisonment of up to 5 years, or both. The Census Bureau is authorized

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 v U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## under Title 31, Section 1535 of the U.S. Code, to perform special work or services for other federal agencies.
AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL AHS DATA The following table shows various sources for obtaining AHS data. Each source shown sets its own charges, so prices may vary among the sources. For the data user whose needs are not met by the tables included in this report, public use microdata (also known as public use files or PUF) are available at <www.huduser.org/datasets /ahs.html>. Microdata files contain data on each sampled unit, with any information that might identify respondents removed.



## Sources for American Housing Survey Data Source Telephone Books Microdata HUD USER P.O. Box 23268 Washington, DC 20026-3268 1-800-245-2691 202-708-3178 TDD 1-800-927-7589 Fax 202-708-9981 National and Metropolitan $5 Codebooks

Volume I $30 Volume II $5 Volume III $20 National CD-ROM Before 1997 $50 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2003 $15 Metropolitan CD-ROM

Before 1996 $50 1996 to present $15 Table Generating Data Disk $15

CD-ROM 1 AVI-000102 HUD USER Home Page: www.huduser.org/datasets/ahs.html Codebooks Free 1995 and later National and Metropolitan Free

Customer Services U.S. Census Bureau Washington, DC 20233-0801 www.census.gov/mp/www/cat 301-763-INFO (4636) for general information Fax 301-763-3842, orders only Metropolitan Fees var y National and Metropolitan CD-ROMs Back to early 1970s Call customer services for infor mation Superintendent of Documents 2 P.O. Box 979050 St. Louis, MO 63197-9000 202-512-1800 Fax 202-512-2104 National $56

U.S. National Archives and Records

Administration Center for Electronic Records www.archives.gov 301-837-0470 National and Metropolitan Electronic data are available on removable media, such as CD-ROMs and DVDs. Call the Electronic and Special Media Record Services Division at 301-837-0470. Fees vary Internet Publications: www.census.gov/prod /www/abs

/cons-hou.html#house National, Metropolitan Analytical All reports since 1973 Interactive Internet Tools DataFerret—data extraction system 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2003 Free Data Extraction System (DES) 1993, 1995 Free American Housing Survey Home Page: www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html

1 The American Housing Surveys for 1999 and 2001 issued CD-ROMs titled ‘‘Table Generating Data Disk.’’ These CDs contain a special type of database file called an EXTRACT. This file allows users to create their own tables (cross tabulations) with the built-in software. On these CDs, there are data tables that users can manipulate to show selected information, to form graphs, and to print. Included also on these CDs is the microdata file in both SAS and ASCII formats along with the associated documentation. The publications also are included.

2 Ask for U.S. Census Bureau series H150 and H151. Depository libraries may order Superintendent of Documents prefix C3.215. Libraries often keep national books in a special catalog and section for U.S. government documents. Metropolitan reports may be located in the general catalog since these are not published by the Superintendent of Documents.

## vi American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

# Dates of Current AHS Metropolitan Areas: 1974 to 2009

(Data for each survey is published about 12 months later) Area 2008– 2009 2003– 2007 1998– 2002 1995– 1997 1 1992– 1994 1988– 1991 1984– 1987 1981– 1983 1980 1977– 1979 1974– 1976 Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA

PMSA 2

... ... 02

... 94 90 86 81

... 77 74 Atlanta, GA MSA

... 04

... 96

... 91 87 82

... 78 75 Baltimore, MD MSA

... 07 98

... ... 91 87 83

... 79 76 Birmingham, AL MSA

... ... 98

... 92 88 84

... 80

... 76 Boston, MA-NH CMSA

... 07 98

... 93 89 85 81

... 77 74 Buffalo, NY CMSA 2

... ... 02

... 94 88 84

... ... 79 76 Charlotte, NC-SC MSA

... ... 02 95

... ... ... ... ... ... ... Chicago, IL PMSA 09 03 99 95

... 91 87 83

... 79 75 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN PMSA 2

... ... 98

... ... 90 86 82

... 78 75 Cleveland, OH PMSA 2

... 04

... 96 92 88 84

... ... 79 76 Columbus, OH MSA

... ... 02 95

... 91 87 82

... 78 75 Dallas, TX PMSA 2

... ... 02

... 94 89 85 81

... 77 74 Denver, CO MSA

... 04

... 95

... 90 86 83

... 79 76 Detroit, MI PMSA 09 03 99 95 93 89 85 81

... 77 74 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX

PMSA 2

... ... 02

... 94 89 85 81

... 77 74 Hartford, CT MSA

... 04

... 96

... 91 87 83

... 79 75 Houston, TX (new sample in

1987) PMSAs

... 07 98

... ... 91 87 83

... 79 76 Indianapolis, IN MSA 2

... 04

... 96 92 88 84

... 80

... 76 Kansas City, MO-KS MSA

... ... 02 95

... 90 86 82

... 78 75 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA

PMSA 2

... 03 99 95

... 89 85

... 80 77 74 Memphis, TN-AR-MS MSA

... 04

... 96 92 88 84

... 80 77 74 Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL

CMSA

... 07 02 95

... 90 86 83

... 79 75 Milwaukee, WI PMSA 2

... ... 02

... 94 88 84

... ... 79 75 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI

MSA

... 07 98

... 93 89 85 81

... 77 74 New Orleans, LA MSA 09 04

... 95

... 90 86 82

... 78 75New York-Nassau-SuffolkOrange, NY PMSAs 09 03 99 95

... 91 87 83 80

... 76Norfolk-Virginia BeachNewport News, VA-NC 3

... ... 98

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Northern NJ PMSAs 09 03 99 95

... 91 87

... ... ... ... Oakland, CA PMSA 4

... ... 98

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Oklahoma City, OK MSA

... 04

... 96 92 88 84

... 80

... 76 Philadelphia, PA-NJ PMSA 2 09 03 99 95

... 89 85 82

... 78 75 Phoenix, AZ MSA 2

... ... 02

... 94 89 85 81

... 77 74 Pittsburgh, PA MSA

... 04

... 95

... 90 86 81

... 77 74 Portland, OR-WA PMSA

... ... 02 95

... 90 86 83

... 79 75Providence-PawtucketWarwick, RI-MA PMSAs

... ... 98

... 92 88 84

... 80

... 76Riverside-San BernardinoOntario, CA PMSA 2

... ... 02

... 94 90 86 82

... 78 75 Rochester, NY MSA

... ... 98

... ... 90 86 82

... 78 75 Sacramento, CA PMSA

... 04

... 96

... ... ... 83 80

... 76 St. Louis, MO-IL MSA

... 04

... 96

... 91 87 83 80

... 76 Salt Lake City, UT MSA

... ... 98

... 92 88 84

... 80 77 74 San Antonio, TX MSA

... 04

... 95

... 90 86 82

... 78 75 San Diego, CA MSA 2

... ... 02

... 94 91 87 82

... 78 75 San Francisco, CA PMSA 4

... ... 98

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... San Francisco-Oakland, CA

PMSAs

... ... ... ... 93 89 85 82

... 78 75 San Jose, CA PMSA

... ... 98

... 93 88 84

... ... ... ... Seattle-Tacoma, WA PMSA 5 09 04

... 96

... ... ... 83

... 79 76 Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL MSA

... 07 98

... 93 89 85

... ... ... ... Washington, DC-MD-VA MSA

... 07 98

... 93 89 85 81

... 77 74 ... Not applicable.
1 No areas surveyed for 1997.
2Same area since beginning. All other areas change boundaries over time; see map or list of counties in each report.
3Currituck County, NC, was added to the geographic definition in 1998.
4Formerly with San Francisco-Oakland, CA PMSAs.
5Formerly Seattle-Everett, WA PMSA.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 vii U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

# Dates of AHS Metropolitan Areas No Longer in Sample: 1974 to 2009

Area 1998– 2009 1995– 1997 1 1992– 1994 1988– 1991 1984– 1987 1981– 1983 1980 1977– 1979 1974– 1976 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 2 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton,

PA-NJ 2 Colorado Springs, CO 2 Grand Rapids, MI 2 Honolulu, HI 2 Las Vegas, NV 2 Louisville, KY-IN 2 Madison, WI 2 Newark, NJ (now covered by

Northern NJ) 2 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News, VA MSA Newport News-Hampton, VA MSA Omaha, NE-IA 2 Orlando, FL 2 Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, NJ (now

covered by Northern NJ) 2 Raleigh, NC 2 Saginaw, MI 2 Seattle-Tacoma, WA Spokane, WA Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke,

MA-CT 2 Tacoma, WA 2 Wichita, KS 2 ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... 92

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... 88

...

...

...

...

...

... 91

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... 84

...

...

...

...

...

... 87

...

...

...

... ...

...

...

... 83

... 83 81
81

...

...

... 81
82

...

...

... 81

... 81 81 80
80

... 80

...

... 80

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

... 80

...

...

...

...

... 77

... 78

... 79
79

... 77
77
78
78 79 77
78 79
77

... 77
78 77 77 74
76 75 76 76
76 76 75
74
75
75 76 74
75 76
74

... 74
75 74 74 ... Not applicable.
1 No areas surveyed for 1997.
2Same area since beginning. All other areas change bounda ries over time; se e map or list of cou nties in each report.Contents Availability of Data Via Electronic Media 4
Comments From Data Users 4 Introduction iv Sources for American Housing Survey Data v Dates of Current AHS Metropolitan Areas: 1974 to 2009 vi Dates of AHS Metropolitan Areas No Longer in Sample: 1974 to 2009 vii

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 1 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-1. 

## Introductory Characteristics—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Sea

sonal Year-round New con struc

tion 4 years Manu

fac

tured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occa

sional

use/ URE Other vacant
**T otal** 

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,112**  **4,618 125,494**  **111,806 76,428**  **35,378 13,688**  **4,018 10** 

**. 1**  **2,108 879**  **3,314 3,368**  **5,955 8,769**  **Units in Structure** 1, detached

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,472 2,795 79,677 73,079 63,324 9,755 6,598 820 7.7 1,477 471 1,713 2,118 3,967 (X) 1, attached

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,053 252 6,801 5,973 3,952 2,021 828 198 8.9 175 48 213 195 551 (X) 2 to 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,160 167 9,993 8,350 1,353 6,998 1,643 804 10.2 134 73 240 393 186 (X) 5 to 9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,347 143 6,204 5,269 632 4,637 935 573 10.9 41 74 137 110 167 (X) 10 to 19

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,722 127 5,595 4,661 483 4,178 934 620 12.8 42 50 152 70 212 (X) 20 to 49

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,525 182 4,342 3,630 499 3,131 713 394 11.0 31 55 160 73 203 (X) 50 or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,063 222 4,841 4,004 768 3,237 837 434 11.7 65 43 213 81 344 (X) Manufactured/mobile home or trailer

. . . . 8,769 730 8,040 6,839 5,418 1,421 1,201 176 11.0 143 65 487 329 324 8,769 **Cooperatives and Condominiums** Cooperatives

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 77 767 651 429 222 116 23 9.2 22 9 54 9 9 93 Condominiums

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,741 764 7,977 6,580 4,399 2,181 1,397 257 10.5 283 55 569 233 639 48 **Year Structure Built 1, 5** 
2005 to 2009

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,324 272 7,052 5,884 4,601 1,283 1,168 289 18.3 391 92 206 190 5,955 413 2000 to 2004

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,158 307 8,851 8,102 6,371 1,731 749 175 9.1 197 61 198 118 (X) 884 1995 to 1999

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,821 326 8,495 7,825 6,221 1,603 670 196 10.7 112 31 221 110 (X) 1,657 1990 to 1994

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,060 331 6,730 5,995 4,715 1,280 735 157 10.8 142 42 238 155 (X) 1,071 1985 to 1989

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,804 289 8,515 7,648 5,159 2,489 867 331 11.6 96 48 259 133 (X) 853 1980 to 1984

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,478 326 7,152 6,380 4,201 2,179 772 267 10.8 82 67 199 156 (X) 961 1975 to 1979

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,731 440 13,290 11,835 7,471 4,364 1,456 512 10.4 143 79 403 319 (X) 972 1970 to 1974

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,068 426 10,642 9,413 5,696 3,718 1,228 408 9.8 169 52 345 254 (X) 1,120 1960 to 1969

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,261 514 14,747 13,326 8,917 4,409 1,421 410 8.5 194 110 354 354 (X) 630 1950 to 1959

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,222 331 12,891 11,771 8,528 3,243 1,120 247 7.0 162 59 263 388 (X) 92 1940 to 1949

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,945 319 7,626 6,745 4,423 2,322 881 215 8.4 112 56 174 323 (X) 54 1930 to 1939

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,840 222 5,619 4,828 2,904 1,924 791 226 10.4 90 53 121 302 (X) 63 1920 to 1929

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,164 181 4,983 4,331 2,520 1,811 652 224 10.9 84 37 97 211 (X) (X) 1919 or earlier

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,235 334 8,902 7,724 4,703 3,021 1,178 362 10.6 133 92 237 355 (X) (X) **Median**

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1974**  **1975 1974**  **1974 1975**  **1971 1973**  **1974 (X)**  **1979 1973**  **1976 1963**  **2007 1988**  **Suitability for Year-Round Use 2**  Built and heated for year-round use

. . . . 128,908 3,414 125,494 111,806 76,428 35,378 13,688 4,018 10.1 2,108 879 3,314 3,368 5,929 8,595 Not suitable

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060 1,060

– – – – – – – – – – – 16 150 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 143

– – – – – – – – – – – 10 24 **Time Sharing**
V

acant, including URE

. . . . . . . . 18,306 4,618 13,688 (X) (X) (X) 13,688 4,018 92.0 2,108 879 3,314 3,368 1,184 1,930 Ownership time-shared

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 40 54 (X) (X) (X) 54 9 78.0 8 3 17 17 3 11 Not time-shared

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,212 4,577 13,634 (X) (X) (X) 13,634 4,009 92.0 2,100 877 3,297 3,352 1,181 1,920 **Duration of Vacancy**
V

acant units

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,535 3,933 12,602 (X) (X) (X) 12,602 4,018 92.1 2,108 879 2,228 3,368 1,085 1,735 Less than 1 month vacant

. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,054 518 1,536 (X) (X) (X) 1,536 808 89.6 121 149 240 219 151 180 1 month up to 2 months

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955 379 1,577 (X) (X) (X) 1,577 835 91.7 169 113 233 227 92 196 2 months up to 6 months

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,034 552 2,482 (X) (X) (X) 2,482 1,050 92.7 418 159 355 501 169 269 6 months up to 1 year

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 813 1,473 (X) (X) (X) 1,473 407 92.6 379 108 193 387 140 212 1 year up to 2 years

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,448 159 1,289 (X) (X) (X) 1,289 288 94.2 328 104 183 385 78 197 2 years or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,995 772 2,222 (X) (X) (X) 2,222 233 95.1 302 123 460 1,104 61 394 Never occupied

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 318 466 (X) (X) (X) 466 55 96.9 110 36 188 78 213 143 Don’t know

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,979 422 1,556 (X) (X) (X) 1,556 343 92.8 282 88 375 468 180 145 **Last Used as a Permanent Residence**
V

acant seasonal

. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,618 4,618 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 191 730 Less than 1 month since occupied as

permanent home

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 225 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 23 28 1 month up to 2 months

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 95 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 5 11 2 months up to 6 months

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 169 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 6 30 6 months up to 1 year

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 178 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 3 38 1 year up to 2 years

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 166 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 20 25 2 years or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165 1,165 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 14 210 Never occupied as permanent home

. . . . 2,062 2,062 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 117 332 Don’t know

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 546 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 4 50 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

– 6

See footnotes at end of table.

## 2 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-1. 

## Introductory Characteristics—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Sea

sonal Year-round New con struc

tion 4 years Manu

fac

tured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occa

sional

use/ URE Other vacant **Metropolitan/Nonmetropolitan Areas** Inside metropolitan statistical areas

. . . . 102,679 2,305 100,373 89,949 60,102 29,846 10,425 3,391 10.1 1,692 697 2,222 2,422 4,894 4,723 In central cities

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,604 413 37,191 32,645 17,809 14,837 4,545 1,834 10.9 554 309 805 1,044 1,753 669 Sub urbs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,075 1,892 63,183 57,303 42,294 15,009 5,879 1,557 9.3 1,138 389 1,418 1,378 3,141 4,054 Outside metropolitan statistical areas

. . . 27,433 2,312 25,121 21,857 16,326 5,532 3,263 627 10.1 416 182 1,092 946 1,061 4,046 **Regions**
Northeast

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,316 916 22,400 20,451 13,378 7,073 1,949 560 7.3 257 142 532 457 539 657 Midwest

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,403 930 28,473 25,368 18,249 7,119 3,105 1,039 12.6 528 209 628 700 953 1,505 South

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,372 1,774 47,598 41,586 29,193 12,392 6,012 1,702 12.0 903 340 1,468 1,599 3,030 5,042 West

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,021 997 27,023 24,401 15,607 8,794 2,623 718 7.5 420 188 685 612 1,433 1,565 **Place Size 3**  Less than 2,500 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,437 379 6,057 5,254 3,982 1,271 803 171 11.7 154 44 200 235 254 668 2,500 to 9,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,314 655 14,659 13,093 9,298 3,795 1,566 460 10.7 312 78 379 338 636 884 10,000 to 19,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,663 200 10,463 9,487 6,314 3,173 976 322 9.1 163 72 144 275 303 290 20,000 to 49,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . 16,712 217 16,495 14,846 9,643 5,204 1,649 573 9.8 297 127 328 324 526 329 50,000 to 99,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,083 115 11,968 10,783 6,549 4,235 1,184 437 9.3 138 103 226 280 434 227 100,000 to 249,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . 9,894 87 9,808 8,793 5,108 3,685 1,014 417 10.1 171 53 153 220 307 111 250,000 to 499,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . 7,057 52 7,005 6,110 3,329 2,781 895 408 12.6 84 61 116 225 367 84 500,000 to 999,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . 4,319 23 4,296 3,716 2,073 1,644 580 254 13.2 70 47 82 127 178 48 1,000,000 persons or more

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,826 53 7,773 6,906 2,928 3,978 867 385 8.8 78 47 186 171 171 15 **Homes Currently for Sale or Rent** Up for rent only

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 70 (X) 4,033 3,709 100.0

– – 324

– 238 164 Up for rent or for sale

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 47 (X) 325 309 100.0

– – 16

– 30 34 For sale only

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,245 (X) 2,168

– (X) 2,108

– 60

– 460 229 Not on the market

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 73,539 (X) 7,162

– (X)

– 879 2,914 3,368 4,029 6,121 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,527 (X)

– – (X)

– – – – 66 71 **Reasons Extra Unit Owned 4** 
Extra units

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,840 4,526 3,314 (X) (X) (X) 3,314 (X) (X) (X) (X) 3,314 (X) 341 1,190 Previous usual residence

. . . . . . . . . . . . 861 326 535 (X) (X) (X) 535 (X) (X) (X) (X) 535 (X) 13 158 Used for recreational purposes

. . . . . . . . 4,054 2,788 1,266 (X) (X) (X) 1,266 (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,266 (X) 177 714 Investment purposes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 409 346 (X) (X) (X) 346 (X) (X) (X) (X) 346 (X) 58 51 Unable to sell property

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 72 28 (X) (X) (X) 28 (X) (X) (X) (X) 28 (X) 11 7 Inherited property

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 319 185 (X) (X) (X) 185 (X) (X) (X) (X) 185 (X)

– 35 Other reasons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150 612 539 (X) (X) (X) 539 (X) (X) (X) (X) 539 (X) 88 184 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751 218 533 (X) (X) (X) 533 (X) (X) (X) (X) 533 (X) 25 60 **Location of Extra Unit** Within 150 miles of current residence

. . . 3,692 2,151 1,540 (X) (X) (X) 1,540 (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,540 (X) 155 622 150 miles or more from current

residence

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,985 1,949 1,036 (X) (X) (X) 1,036 (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,036 (X) 139 433 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,164 426 738 (X) (X) (X) 738 (X) (X) (X) (X) 738 (X) 47 135 **Nights Owner Spent at Extra Unit** 0 to 2 nights

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,765 1,053 712 (X) (X) (X) 712 (X) (X) (X) (X) 712 (X) 56 321 3 to 7 nights

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 200 116 (X) (X) (X) 116 (X) (X) (X) (X) 116 (X) 8 36 8 nights or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,390 2,677 1,713 (X) (X) (X) 1,713 (X) (X) (X) (X) 1,713 (X) 220 733 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370 597 773 (X) (X) (X) 773 (X) (X) (X) (X) 773 (X) 57 100 **Nights Owner Rented Extra Unit** 0 to 2 nights

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,661 3,500 2,161 (X) (X) (X) 2,161 (X) (X) (X) (X) 2,161 (X) 262 1,007 3 to 7 nights

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 29 7 (X) (X) (X) 7 (X) (X) (X) (X) 7 (X)

– 9 8 nights or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,007 511 496 (X) (X) (X) 496 (X) (X) (X) (X) 496 (X) 45 87 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,136 487 649 (X) (X) (X) 649 (X) (X) (X) (X) 649 (X) 34 87 **Manufactured/Mobile Home Size**
Man ufactured/mobile homes

. . . 8,769 730 8,040 6,839 5,418 1,421 1,201 176 11.0 143 65 487 329 324 8,769 Single-wide

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,343 523 4,820 3,923 2,867 1,056 897 147 12.1 97 38 361 253 151 5,343 Double-wide

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,289 206 3,082 2,803 2,444 358 280 29 7.5 45 27 103 76 171 3,289 Triple-wide or larger

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

– 118 106 103 3 12

– – – – 12

– 3 118 Size not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

– 20 8 4 4 12

– – 1

– 11 1

– 20

See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 3 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-1. 

## Introductory Characteristics—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Seasonal Year-round Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occasional

use/ URE Other vacant **Manufactured/Mobile Home Tiedowns** Manufactured/mobile homes . . 8,769 730 8,040 6,839 5,418 1,421 1,201 176 11.0 143 65 487 329 324 8,769 Anchored by tiedowns, bolts, or other

means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,622 567 7,055 6,136 4,914 1,222 918 134 9.8 116 49 394 225 297 7,622 Not anchored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854 134 720 545 426 119 176 30 19.6 13 14 47 73 19 854 Anchoring not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 29 265 158 78 79 107 12 13.4 14 3 46 32 8 294 **Manufactured/Mobile Home Setup** Manufactured/mobile homes . . 8,769 730 8,040 6,839 5,418 1,421 1,201 176 11.0 143 65 487 329 324 8,769 Set on permanent masonry

foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,558 76 1,481 1,367 1,158 209 115 25 10.4 29 22 33 6 50 1,558 Resting on concrete pad . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,524 192 1,332 1,076 870 206 256 22 9.8 22 9 124 78 77 1,524 Up on blocks, but not on concrete

pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,269 358 4,911 4,194 3,251 943 717 117 11.0 71 30 294 205 181 5,269 Setup in some other way . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 76 166 113 99 14 54 7 33.0 12 2 21 12 8 242 Setup not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 27 149 90 40 50 59 6 10.4 9 2 15 28 8 176

1 For manufactured/mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier. 2 If occupied year-round, assumed to be suitable for year-round use. 3 Does not add up to total because not all populations reside in a place; see Appendix A. 4 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 5 Median is estimated from the printed distribution; see Appendix A. 

## —Con.

## 4 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-2. 

## Height and Condition of Building—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Seasonal Year-round Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occasional

use/ URE Other vacant **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,112 4,618 125,494 111,806 76,428 35,378 13,688 4,018 10 .1 2,108 879 3,314 3,368 5,955 8,769 Stories in Structure**  **1** 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,537 1,880 39,657 35,364 26,216 9,148 4,292 815 8.1 745 266 1,031 1,435 1,554 (X) 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,447 1,145 42,302 37,867 25,210 12,657 4,435 1,536 10.7 727 288 939 945 2,392 (X) 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,574 542 27,031 24,508 16,721 7,787 2,524 988 11.2 373 162 494 506 1,205 (X) 4 to 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,051 160 5,891 5,134 2,349 2,785 757 320 10.2 77 69 185 106 288 (X) 7 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,734 160 2,573 2,094 515 1,580 479 182 10.3 42 29 178 48 192 (X) **Stories Between Main and**

**Apartment Entrances** Multiunits, 2 or more floors . . . 28,329 775 27,553 22,962 3,458 19,503 4,592 2,572 11.5 284 272 822 641 1,054 (X) None (on same floor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,076 159 8,916 7,616 1,187 6,429 1,300 718 10.0 76 76 197 233 249 (X) 1 (up or down) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,916 189 7,727 6,447 911 5,536 1,280 743 11.7 88 86 188 175 251 (X) 2 or more (up or down) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,337 427 10,910 8,899 1,361 7,538 2,012 1,111 12.7 120 110 437 233 553 (X)
**Elevator on Floor** Multiunits, 2 or more floors . . . 28,329 775 27,553 22,962 3,458 19,503 4,592 2,572 11.5 284 272 822 641 1,054 (X) With 1 or more elevators working . . . . . 5,585 311 5,274 4,348 1,045 3,303 926 426 11.3 80 41 276 103 400 (X) With elevator, none in working

condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 – 58 46 11 35 12 8 19.2 – – – 4 2 (X) No elevator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,686 464 22,222 18,568 2,403 16,165 3,654 2,138 11.6 204 231 546 535 652 (X) Units, 3 or more floors from main

entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,805 43 1,763 1,436 133 1,302 327 184 12.2 17 22 66 37 72 (X)
**Foundation** 1-unit building, excluding

manufactured/mobile homes . . 89,525 3,047 86,478 79,052 67,276 11,776 7,427 1,018 7.9 1,652 519 1,926 2,312 4,518 (X) With basement under all of building . . . 29,104 490 28,614 26,713 23,821 2,892 1,902 214 6.8 480 139 479 590 1,237 (X) With basement under part of building . . 8,991 170 8,821 8,208 7,350 858 613 82 8.6 135 64 157 176 156 (X) With crawl space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,955 965 19,991 18,022 14,783 3,240 1,968 280 7.9 360 92 538 698 727 (X) On concrete slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,693 1,011 27,682 24,917 20,431 4,486 2,765 405 8.2 655 217 717 771 2,327 (X) Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,782 411 1,371 1,192 892 300 179 37 11.0 22 7 35 77 71 (X) **External Building Conditions 2**  Sagging roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,765 249 2,516 1,888 1,370 517 628 82 13.4 83 50 76 338 3 491 Missing roofing material. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,805 252 5,553 4,640 3,682 958 914 110 10.3 146 85 143 429 82 496 Hole in roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,020 139 1,881 1,458 1,029 429 424 37 7.9 52 33 40 262 6 423 Missing bricks, siding, or other outside

wall material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,175 211 2,964 2,323 1,661 661 641 80 10.7 68 47 86 359 22 374 Sloping outside walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,687 164 1,523 1,167 781 386 356 42 9.9 40 26 55 193 10 317 Boarded up windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,511 180 1,331 821 558 262 510 58 18.1 42 44 65 301 13 273 Broken windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,850 201 3,649 2,984 2,112 872 666 91 9.4 65 48 97 364 37 703 Bars on windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,552 32 3,520 3,318 2,616 702 202 47 6.3 26 20 44 65 22 65 Foundation crumbling or has open

crack or hole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,822 160 2,662 2,227 1,687 540 435 53 8.9 53 21 65 243 17 152 None of the above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,826 3,031 75,795 69,766 60,037 9,730 6,029 860 8.1 1,419 401 1,890 1,458 4,555 6,807 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,591 102 2,489 2,173 1,832 341 315 29 7.8 48 7 78 153 115 189 **Site Placement** Manufactured/mobile homes. . 8,769 730 8,040 6,839 5,418 1,421 1,201 176 11.0 143 65 487 329 324 8,769 First site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,912 509 5,403 4,600 4,002 598 803 85 12.3 98 52 353 215 272 5,912 Moved from another site . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726 174 1,552 1,301 1,047 254 251 51 16.6 23 8 83 87 38 1,726 Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 46 506 362 97 265 144 41 13.3 22 5 48 28 9 553 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 – 579 576 272 304 2 – – – – 2 – 4 579

1 Figures exclude manufactured/mobile homes. 2 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. Figures do not include multiunit structures.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 5 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-3. 

## Size of Unit and Lot—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Seasonal Year-round Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occasional

use/ URE Other vacant **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,112 4,618 125,494 111,806 76,428 35,378 13,688 4,018 10 .1 2,108 879 3,314 3,368 5,955 8,769**
**Rooms**
1 room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 104 475 352 26 326 123 57 14.6 – 9 27 30 12 7 2 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,423 194 1,229 946 68 879 283 128 12.6 9 8 68 70 22 39 3 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,290 697 10,593 8,711 1,036 7,675 1,882 949 10.9 100 92 385 356 295 420 4 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,036 1,374 21,662 17,828 6,475 11,354 3,834 1,442 11.2 323 182 998 890 606 2,753 5 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,888 1,108 28,779 25,444 17,232 8,212 3,336 822 9.0 534 209 838 933 1,367 3,082 6 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,480 632 26,848 24,596 20,364 4,232 2,252 408 8.7 463 207 547 627 1,240 1,573 7 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,877 315 17,562 16,489 14,754 1,735 1,073 126 6.8 358 82 241 266 954 689 8 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,623 89 10,533 10,033 9,410 622 501 46 6.9 171 49 98 136 710 150 9 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,629 68 4,561 4,344 4,130 214 217 30 12.3 69 26 52 40 403 36 10 rooms or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,286 36 3,250 3,063 2,933 130 187 8 5.9 81 16 60 21 344 19
**Bedrooms** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,265 187 1,077 789 45 744 288 129 14.7 7 11 69 72 29 32 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,690 806 13,884 11,434 1,714 9,720 2,450 1,262 11.4 128 133 500 427 358 508 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,514 1,834 32,680 27,671 13,471 14,200 5,008 1,717 10.7 502 254 1,321 1,215 1,015 3,533 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,734 1,317 52,417 48,082 39,723 8,359 4,335 704 7.7 973 335 1,057 1,267 2,548 4,076 4 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,909 473 25,437 23,830 21,475 2,354 1,607 206 8.0 498 147 368 388 2,005 620 **Complete Bathrooms**
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,678 557 1,121 403 175 229 717 88 27.3 60 42 99 429 21 185 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,977 1,899 45,078 38,662 15,767 22,894 6,416 2,617 10.2 524 386 1,344 1,545 582 2,861 1 1/2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,233 363 16,870 15,656 12,081 3,575 1,214 335 8.5 228 77 260 314 213 796 2 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,223 1,798 62,425 57,085 48,405 8,680 5,340 978 10.0 1,296 375 1,611 1,080 5,138 4,927 **Square Footage of Unit** Single detached and

manufactured/mobile homes . . . 91,241 3,524 87,717 79,918 68,742 11,176 7,799 996 8.1 1,620 536 2,200 2,447 4,291 8,769 Less than 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 225 764 603 383 220 161 21 8.7 25 7 65 43 10 331 500 to 749 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,765 462 2,303 1,771 1,085 686 532 62 8.2 46 13 245 166 19 1,020 750 to 999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,440 593 5,847 5,014 3,519 1,495 833 179 10.6 100 31 238 285 68 1,935 1,000 to 1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,224 814 20,410 18,419 14,978 3,441 1,991 297 7.9 416 127 527 624 557 2,779 1,500 to 1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,636 521 20,115 18,519 16,284 2,235 1,596 165 6.8 391 143 435 461 827 1,309 2,000 to 2,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,361 284 14,077 13,190 12,057 1,134 886 103 8.2 199 88 236 260 813 334 2,500 to 2,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,589 141 7,448 7,050 6,622 429 398 35 7.5 128 15 111 109 535 126 3,000 to 3,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,252 137 7,115 6,692 6,391 301 424 39 11.3 102 35 101 146 751 54 4,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,456 113 4,343 4,030 3,787 243 313 25 9.2 103 39 85 62 469 146 Not reported (includes don’t know) . . . . . . 5,529 234 5,295 4,630 3,638 992 666 70 6.6 110 38 156 291 241 735 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,700 1,150 1,736 1,800 1,800 1,300 1,500 1,250 (X) 1,658 1,680 1,400 1,400 2,300 1,092 Lot Size** 
1-unit structures 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,216 3,512 91,704 83,466 70,643 12,823 8,239 1,157 8.2 1,680 556 2,274 2,571 4,550 8,628 Less than 1/8 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,931 515 13,416 11,824 9,107 2,717 1,593 295 9.7 309 106 447 435 698 1,891 1/8 up to 1/4 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,008 880 24,129 21,793 17,771 4,022 2,336 367 8.3 490 182 585 712 1,110 1,424 1/4 up to 1/2 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,825 518 17,307 15,921 13,837 2,084 1,386 188 8.2 359 87 349 402 931 732 1/2 up to 1 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,292 372 10,920 10,036 8,874 1,162 884 112 8.8 190 33 274 275 447 808 1 up to 5 acres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,172 754 18,418 17,014 14,895 2,120 1,404 157 6.9 247 106 411 483 922 2,700 5 up to 10 acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,104 120 2,984 2,750 2,545 205 234 20 8.7 44 14 70 86 205 509 10 acres or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,885 354 4,530 4,127 3,614 513 403 19 3.5 41 28 138 177 235 564 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 .26 0 .32 0 .26 0 .27 0 .32 0 .22 0 .25 0 .18 (X) 0 .25 0 .23 0 .25 0 .25 0 .27 0 .50**

1 Does not include cooperatives or condominiums.

## 6 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-4. 

## Selected
[Numbers in thousands. 

## Equipment and Plumbing—All Housing Units
**Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Seasonal Year-round Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occasional

use/ URE Other vacant
**Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment**  **1 130,112 4,618 125,494 111,806 76,428 35,378 13,688 4,018 10 .1 2,108 879 3,314 3,368 5,955 8,769** 

Lacking complete kitchen facilities . . . . .With complete kitchen (sink, refrigera5,586 667 4,919 1,751 378 1,374 3,168 677 32.2 678 243 298 1,272 299 367

tor, and oven or burners) . . . . . . . . . . . 124,526 3,951 120,575 110,054 76,050 34,004 10,520 3,342 8.9 1,430 636 3,017 2,096 5,656 8,402 Kitchen sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,769 4,291 124,478 111,510 76,329 35,180 12,968 3,914 9.9 2,044 821 3,215 2,974 5,914 8,613 Refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,534 4,056 122,478 111,530 76,336 35,193 10,948 3,527 9.0 1,462 669 3,104 2,185 5,726 8,429 Cooking stove or range . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,744 4,127 122,617 111,038 76,153 34,886 11,579 3,650 9.4 1,744 726 3,114 2,344 5,858 8,448 Burners, no stove or range . . . . . . . . . . 258 22 237 208 109 99 29 17 14.5 – – 2 11 5 17 Microwave oven only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 14 481 378 127 251 103 29 10.4 18 3 37 16 10 30 Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,397 2,111 80,286 73,584 57,191 16,393 6,702 1,919 10.4 1,305 489 1,820 1,168 5,533 3,831 Washing machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,387 2,482 98,905 93,372 73,826 19,545 5,534 963 4.7 849 333 2,132 1,257 5,279 7,324 Clothes dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,657 2,360 96,297 90,905 72,562 18,343 5,392 949 4.9 824 328 2,085 1,205 5,236 7,017 Disposal in kitchen sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,776 1,505 62,271 56,531 40,597 15,933 5,740 1,890 10.5 1,063 441 1,438 908 4,414 1,286 Trash compactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air conditioning: 2 4,511 146 4,365 3,896 3,166 730 469 105 12.5 98 38 158 69 415 62

Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,475 2,077 80,398 72,808 54,647 18,161 7,590 2,211 10.8 1,456 534 1,888 1,501 5,279 5,469 Additional central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,193 120 6,073 5,629 4,709 920 444 106 10.2 101 45 107 85 672 319 1 room unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,020 383 12,637 11,532 5,303 6,229 1,105 435 6.5 91 54 239 285 86 988 2 room units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,670 144 8,527 8,132 4,800 3,332 395 129 3.7 32 20 110 104 88 790 3 room units or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . **Safety Equipment 1**  Working smoke detector 5,160 54 5,105 4,918 3,604 1,314 187 41 3.0 17 14 84 31 32 301

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Powered by: 116,141 2,989 113,152 104,362 71,797 32,565 8,789 3,253 9.0 1,396 610 2,293 1,237 5,595 7,338 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,217 267 8,949 8,149 5,620 2,528 801 278 9.8 139 56 208 120 524 854 Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,868 1,547 71,321 66,536 43,210 23,326 4,785 1,785 7.1 701 303 1,252 744 1,832 4,263 Both . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,128 983 31,145 28,421 22,461 5,960 2,724 1,083 15.1 471 204 698 269 3,098 2,134 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928 191 1,736 1,257 506 751 480 108 12.4 85 47 136 104 142 87 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,101 824 8,276 6,157 3,686 2,472 2,119 356 12.5 280 126 284 1,073 142 911 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Batteries replaced in last 6 months 3 4,870 804 4,066 1,286 945 341 2,780 409 53.2 433 143 737 1,059 217 520

Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,933 1,626 76,308 71,505 50,073 21,432 4,803 2,146 9.0 606 361 1,236 453 3,371 4,506 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,706 579 23,127 21,466 14,678 6,788 1,661 367 5.1 362 103 455 374 1,415 1,632 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fire extinguisher purchased or 3,357 326 3,031 1,986 920 1,066 1,045 354 24.5 204 43 259 186 144 259

recharged in the last 2 years . . . . . . . . 49,902 (X) 49,902 49,902 37,922 11,980 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 2,298 2,983 Sprinkler system inside home . . . . . . . . 6,401 246 6,155 5,167 2,086 3,081 988 488 13.5 119 85 221 76 1,099 95 Working carbon monoxide detector . . . . **Main Heating Equipment** 43,494 673 42,822 40,698 31,691 9,007 2,123 762 7.7 294 164 647 255 2,107 1,676

Warm-air furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,629 2,034 79,595 71,141 51,691 19,450 8,454 2,442 11.1 1,523 588 1,941 1,961 4,037 6,306 Steam or hot water system . . . . . . . . . . 13,969 259 13,710 12,506 7,494 5,012 1,204 507 9.1 121 73 291 213 139 33 Electric heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,059 868 15,191 13,264 9,764 3,500 1,927 531 13.1 315 107 578 395 1,466 1,327 Built-in electric units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air 5,730 320 5,410 4,761 2,120 2,641 649 230 7.9 33 44 192 149 104 111

units without ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,525 202 5,322 4,802 2,043 2,760 520 167 5.7 46 31 105 170 79 220 Room heaters with flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173 73 1,100 950 580 370 150 23 5.6 15 15 37 61 23 68 Room heaters without flue . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365 99 1,266 1,109 694 414 157 25 5.6 9 1 45 77 13 148 Portable electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,405 107 1,298 1,167 535 632 131 44 6.4 12 3 24 48 6 234 Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364 203 1,160 1,035 845 190 125 4 2.0 13 8 59 41 28 98 Fireplaces with inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 10 182 172 155 18 10 – – 2 – 4 5 – 4 Fireplaces without inserts . . . . . . . . . . . 98 32 66 43 35 7 24 1 16.4 – – 2 20 – 8 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 69 501 386 232 154 115 22 12.2 6 4 16 67 22 79 Cooking stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 11 92 84 34 49 8 3 6.3 3 – 2 – – 10 None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930 330 600 386 206 180 215 20 10.0 11 4 18 161 38 123 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 7 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-4. 

## Selected Equipment and Plumbing—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Seasonal Year-round Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occasional

use/ URE Other vacant **Other Heating Equipment 1** 
Warm-air furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 – 258 251 225 26 7 – – – 1 6 – 15 19 Steam or hot water system . . . . . . . . . . 62 2 59 56 51 5 3 3 42.8 – – – – 3 – Electric heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 1 102 97 91 6 5 – – – – 3 2 9 16 Built-in electric units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,116 54 2,062 1,882 1,428 454 180 41 8.2 40 4 68 28 74 93 Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air

units without ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 – 78 75 63 12 3 3 18.3 – – – – 14 3 Room heaters with flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 21 858 822 716 106 36 9 7.4 6 2 18 – 23 65 Room heaters without flue . . . . . . . . . . . 1,540 15 1,525 1,471 1,207 264 54 8 2.9 1 7 17 20 20 260 Portable electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,290 174 14,116 13,719 9,886 3,832 397 135 3.4 61 25 119 58 365 922 Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,661 205 4,456 4,165 3,740 425 291 27 6.0 55 14 118 77 133 339 Fireplaces with inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,532 104 5,428 5,205 4,742 464 223 17 3.5 77 15 76 38 404 326 Fireplaces without inserts . . . . . . . . . . . 6,313 155 6,158 5,765 4,869 896 392 86 8.7 108 31 93 74 460 176 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 11 820 790 707 83 30 3 2.8 – 9 15 3 53 56 Cooking stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4 70 66 50 17 4 – – – – – 4 2 3 None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,453 3,142 90,311 80,034 51,171 28,863 10,277 3,438 10.5 1,546 684 2,370 2,240 4,403 6,305 **Plumbing** With all plumbing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . 127,290 4,006 123,284 110,574 75,852 34,722 12,710 3,872 9.9 2,036 825 3,195 2,783 5,928 8,452 Lacking some or all plumbing

facilities 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,822 611 2,210 1,232 576 656 978 146 17.8 72 55 119 586 27 317 No hot piped water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,395 516 879 113 54 58 766 76 52.9 52 39 75 524 12 244 No bathtub and no shower . . . . . . . . . 846 397 449 113 37 75 336 35 29.8 15 15 47 226 9 99 No flush toilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817 369 448 102 37 64 346 36 33.8 16 15 41 238 13 104 No exclusive use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,257 32 1,225 1,065 507 558 160 61 9.7 20 13 36 31 12 70 **Primary Source of Water** Public system or private company . . . . . 113,489 3,238 110,251 98,027 64,372 33,655 12,224 3,898 10.3 1,909 798 2,734 2,884 5,157 6,283 Well serving 1 to 5 units . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,846 1,070 14,776 13,430 11,769 1,660 1,346 113 6.3 192 77 538 426 774 2,318 Drilled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,141 892 13,249 12,175 10,772 1,404 1,074 90 6.0 150 68 442 324 673 2,048 Dug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999 106 892 822 700 122 70 6 4.6 8 – 26 30 38 163 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 72 634 432 298 135 202 17 11.0 34 9 70 72 63 107 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 309 467 349 287 63 118 7 9.6 7 4 42 58 23 169 **Safety of Primary Source of Water** Selected primary water

sources 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,054 4,594 125,460 111,772 76,406 35,366 13,688 4,018 10.1 2,108 879 3,314 3,368 5,951 8,765 Safe to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,091 3,885 114,206 102,247 71,152 31,095 11,959 3,737 10.6 1,881 778 2,819 2,745 5,436 7,656 Not safe to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,236 325 8,911 8,412 4,530 3,882 500 105 2.6 46 44 162 143 371 831 Safety not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,727 384 2,343 1,113 724 389 1,230 177 30.7 181 58 333 480 144 277 **Means of Sewage Disposal** Public sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,155 2,596 100,559 89,467 56,736 32,732 11,092 3,764 10.2 1,752 725 2,393 2,458 4,546 4,170 Septic tank, cesspool, or chemical

toilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,662 1,800 24,862 22,307 19,667 2,640 2,555 253 8.6 351 153 921 877 1,402 4,576 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 222 73 31 25 6 41 1 16.1 5 1 – 34 6 23

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Includes only those who responded they had some type of air conditioning. 3 Restricted to units with smoke detector powered by both electricity and batteries, or batteries only. 4 Excludes units where primary source of drinking water is commercial bottled water. 

## —Con.

## 8 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-5. 

## Fuels—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Seasonal Year-round Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occasional

use/ URE Other vacant **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,112 4,618 125,494 111,806 76,428 35,378 13,688 4,018 10 .1 2,108 879 3,314 3,368 5,955 8,769 Main House Heating Fuel**  Housing units with heating

fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,181 4,288 124,894 111,420 76,222 35,198 13,473 3,998 10.1 2,097 875 3,296 3,207 5,916 8,646 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,939 2,165 43,774 37,851 22,219 15,632 5,923 2,008 11.3 795 349 1,521 1,250 3,058 4,548 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,361 837 62,525 56,806 41,233 15,573 5,719 1,719 9.8 1,052 420 1,095 1,433 2,371 1,884 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,366 694 6,673 5,817 4,889 929 855 75 7.3 129 46 358 248 327 1,444 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,065 212 8,852 8,214 5,693 2,521 639 162 6.0 84 45 212 136 66 208 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . 732 56 675 599 444 154 76 9 5.7 16 3 22 26 24 335 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 5 122 98 91 7 24 2 24.4 2 – 8 11 3 – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,215 284 1,931 1,780 1,503 277 150 4 1.4 16 8 65 57 57 199 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7 11 11 8 3 – – – – – – – 3 – Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 28 330 243 142 101 87 20 16.2 3 5 15 44 9 29 **Cooking Fuel** With cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . 127,453 4,129 123,323 111,623 76,388 35,235 11,700 3,694 9.4 1,761 729 3,149 2,367 5,868 8,485 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,848 2,795 75,053 67,078 45,512 21,567 7,975 2,622 10.7 1,183 507 2,124 1,539 3,745 5,372 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,486 1,306 48,179 44,477 30,827 13,650 3,703 1,069 7.2 577 222 1,019 816 2,114 3,106 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . 27 5 22 14 7 7 8 1 8.6 – – 3 5 – 2 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 17 35 29 17 12 6 1 6.9 – – – 5 2 4 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6 33 25 25 – 8 1 100.0 1 – 4 2 7 1 **Water Heating Fuel** With hot piped water . . . . . . 128,676 4,100 124,575 111,691 76,371 35,319 12,885 3,939 9.9 2,048 838 3,233 2,826 5,942 8,522 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,871 2,706 52,164 45,435 29,341 16,095 6,729 2,054 11.2 981 376 1,929 1,389 3,034 6,416 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,198 1,252 66,946 61,202 43,645 17,556 5,745 1,773 9.1 1,027 435 1,158 1,351 2,828 2,049 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,126 97 5,029 4,692 3,087 1,604 337 98 5.7 38 23 124 55 52 37 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . 25 – 25 21 18 3 4 – – – – – 4 4 7 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3 28 23 23 – 5 2 100.0 2 – 1 – – – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 23 112 104 96 9 7 1 14.6 – – 1 5 10 10 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 12 147 135 121 14 11 – – – – 11 – 5 – Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 8 124 78 40 39 46 10 20.5 1 4 9 23 8 2 **Central Air Conditioning Fuel**
With central air

conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . 82,475 2,077 80,398 72,808 54,647 18,161 7,590 2,211 10.8 1,456 534 1,888 1,501 5,279 5,469 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,201 2,029 78,172 70,863 53,098 17,765 7,309 2,154 10.7 1,363 497 1,826 1,469 5,120 5,396 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175 40 2,135 1,891 1,502 389 244 52 11.5 88 28 50 26 146 73 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 8 91 54 48 6 37 5 45.2 5 10 11 5 13 – **Clothes Dryer Fuel** With clothes dryer. . . . . . . . 98,657 2,360 96,297 90,905 72,562 18,343 5,392 949 4.9 824 328 2,085 1,205 5,236 7,017 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,936 2,036 74,900 70,497 55,059 15,438 4,403 815 5.0 605 263 1,740 980 4,289 6,450 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,667 318 21,348 20,364 17,478 2,886 984 134 4.4 219 65 343 223 947 564 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 6 49 45 26 19 4 – – – – 1 3 – 3 **Units Using Each Fuel 1**  Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,483 3,743 123,740 111,746 76,378 35,368 11,994 4,014 10.4 1,811 786 2,945 2,438 5,886 8,460 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,285 2,114 86,171 77,702 55,091 22,611 8,469 2,718 11 .7 1,363 581 1,849 1,959 3,575 4,253 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,206 228 10,978 9,208 6,409 2,800 1,770 1,046 26 .9 143 139 304 138 150 361 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . 761 61 700 616 451 164 84 10 5.7 16 3 25 31 24 337 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 5 128 104 97 7 24 2 24.4 2 – 8 11 3 – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,226 287 1,940 1,787 1,510 278 153 5 1.7 16 8 65 59 57 203 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 19 158 147 130 17 11 – – – – 11 – 8 – Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 54 552 405 254 151 147 32 17.5 7 10 28 70 30 33 All electric units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,198 1,978 35,220 30,166 17,951 12,216 5,053 1,701 12.1 690 283 1,309 1,070 2,460 4,101

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 9 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-6. 

## Housing and Neighborhood Quality—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Seasonal Year-round Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occasional

use/ URE Other vacant **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,112 4,618 125,494 111,806 76,428 35,378 13,688 4,018 10 .1 2,108 879 3,314 3,368 5,955 8,769 Selected Amenities**  **1** Porch, deck, balcony, or patio . . . . . . . . 109,246 3,706 105,540 95,406 70,421 24,984 10,135 2,608 9.4 1,723 679 2,670 2,455 5,266 7,314 Usable fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,829 985 41,844 38,998 34,458 4,540 2,846 385 7.8 720 202 869 669 2,680 1,269 Separate dining room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,738 1,220 58,518 53,676 43,717 9,959 4,842 1,158 10.3 1,081 385 1,018 1,200 2,979 2,482With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,333 469 35,864 33,912 30,978 2,934 1,952 219 6.9 604 186 538 405 2,213 1,023 Garage or carport included with

home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,484 1,931 80,553 74,236 60,979 13,258 6,317 1,131 7.8 1,455 458 1,685 1,588 4,757 3,130 Not included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,421 2,668 44,753 37,525 15,420 22,105 7,227 2,862 11.3 641 413 1,597 1,716 1,188 5,636 Off-street parking included . . . . . . . . . 39,020 2,218 36,802 30,963 13,287 17,676 5,839 2,349 11.6 532 342 1,304 1,312 1,041 5,083 Off-street parking not reported . . . . . . 17 2 15 3 2 2 11 1 41.4 3 – – 7 1 – Garage or carport not reported . . . . . . . 206 18 188 44 29 15 144 26 58.2 12 9 32 64 10 4 **Owner or Manager on Property** Rental, multiunit 2. . . . . . . . . . . 25,502 (X) 25,502 22,181 (X) 22,181 3,321 2,824 11.2 (X) 245 252 (X) 778 (X) Owner or manager lives on property . . . 8,252 (X) 8,252 7,461 (X) 7,461 790 665 8.1 (X) 64 61 (X) 262 (X) Neither owner nor manager lives on

property. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,251 (X) 17,251 14,720 (X) 14,720 2,531 2,159 12.7 (X) 181 191 (X) 516 (X) **Selected Deficiencies 1**  Holes in floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,923 170 1,753 1,141 581 560 612 73 11.4 72 28 84 354 29 322 Open cracks or holes (interior) . . . . . . . 7,011 313 6,698 5,517 3,101 2,416 1,180 172 6.6 158 72 141 637 111 643 Broken plaster or peeling paint

(interior). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,339 220 3,118 2,378 1,246 1,132 741 76 6.2 85 51 94 435 42 267 No electrical wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 135 185 84 57 26 101 12 28.7 8 4 14 64 19 35 Exposed wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 81 536 355 221 134 182 17 10.7 11 25 23 105 28 73 Rooms without electric outlets . . . . . . . . 1,926 223 1,703 1,274 650 624 430 58 8.4 25 47 60 241 65 174 **Description of Area Within 300 Feet 1**  Single-family detached houses . . . . . . . 109,633 3,324 106,309 95,916 68,909 27,007 10,393 2,760 9.2 1,783 667 2,441 2,742 4,725 6,282 Single-family attached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,742 581 24,161 21,832 10,973 10,860 2,328 1,000 8.4 338 147 485 359 1,064 365 Multiunit residential buildings 3. . . . . . . . 39,210 797 38,413 33,635 11,514 22,121 4,778 2,486 10.0 397 298 860 737 1,296 658 1- to 3-story multiunit is tallest. . . . . . 28,805 410 28,395 25,143 9,014 16,130 3,252 1,773 9.8 262 197 467 552 841 591 4- to 6-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . 5,969 205 5,764 4,937 1,464 3,473 827 404 10.3 77 59 188 99 246 46 7-or-more-story multiunit is tallest . . . 3,997 180 3,817 3,172 929 2,243 645 282 11.1 45 34 204 80 206 10 Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . 16,360 1,081 15,280 13,388 10,276 3,112 1,892 308 8.9 256 99 625 603 656 7,003 Commercial or institutional . . . . . . . . . . 40,535 732 39,803 35,649 16,992 18,657 4,154 1,886 9.1 441 285 709 832 1,151 1,580 Industrial or factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,888 53 5,834 5,376 2,520 2,856 458 203 6.6 47 19 55 134 149 369 Open space, park, woods, farm, or

ranch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,290 2,482 50,808 45,816 33,110 12,706 4,992 1,215 8.7 725 323 1,444 1,285 3,140 5,155 4-or-more-lane highway, railroad, or

airport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,064 415 21,649 19,612 10,380 9,232 2,037 899 8.8 232 119 326 461 754 1,324 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,828 15 2,813 2,624 1,836 788 189 33 4.0 17 7 47 85 121 143 **Bodies of Water Within 300 Feet** Water in area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,326 2,053 21,273 18,656 13,824 4,832 2,617 630 11.4 315 134 1,067 472 1,367 2,105 With waterfront property . . . . . . . . . . . 5,483 1,217 4,266 3,331 2,653 678 934 129 15.7 89 39 545 133 300 371 Waterfront property not reported . . . . 403 11 392 360 266 94 32 2 2.5 2 – 13 14 15 28 With flood plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,971 674 3,297 2,622 1,929 692 675 106 13.1 74 12 348 135 194 416 Flood plain not reported . . . . . . . . . . . 166 11 155 116 41 74 39 8 9.4 7 6 12 7 28 14 Water not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 7 746 676 521 156 70 10 5.9 12 – 18 29 73 35 No water in area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,033 2,558 103,475 92,474 62,083 30,390 11,001 3,379 9.9 1,781 746 2,229 2,867 4,515 6,629 **Age of Other Residential Buildings**

**Within 300 Feet** Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,973 783 14,190 12,638 7,710 4,928 1,552 424 7.9 143 90 371 523 99 1,527 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,813 2,340 84,473 75,613 52,299 23,313 8,860 2,765 10.5 1,451 565 2,073 2,006 3,123 3,780 Newer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,371 409 10,962 9,774 7,126 2,648 1,188 341 11.3 261 98 314 175 2,181 1,615 Very mixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,264 514 7,750 6,701 4,582 2,120 1,049 250 10.4 116 66 293 323 110 1,150 No other residential buildings . . . . . . . . 4,412 498 3,914 3,316 2,425 891 598 136 13.0 78 45 178 160 309 481 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,279 73 4,205 3,764 2,286 1,478 441 102 6.4 59 14 84 183 133 216 See footnotes at end of table.

## 10 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1-6. 

## Housing and Neighborhood Quality—All Housing Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total housing

units Seasonal Year-round Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/ mobile homes Total Occupied Vacant

Total Owner Renter Total For rent Rental vacancy rate For sale only Rented or sold Occasional

use/ URE Other vacant **Manufactured/Mobile Homes in**

**Group** Manufactured/mobile

homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,769 730 8,040 6,839 5,418 1,421 1,201 176 11.0 143 65 487 329 324 8,769 1 to 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,084 425 5,658 4,918 3,952 966 740 119 10.9 64 50 244 262 270 6,084 7 to 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 43 420 370 217 153 50 29 15.8 7 – 7 7 23 463 21 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,222 261 1,961 1,550 1,249 301 411 28 8.5 72 15 236 60 30 2,222 **Other Buildings Vandalized or With**

**Interior Exposed Within 300 Feet**  None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,769 3,956 109,813 98,452 67,919 30,533 11,361 3,444 10.0 1,782 760 2,882 2,492 5,296 7,419 1 building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,759 79 3,680 3,246 2,034 1,211 435 119 8.9 56 19 65 175 96 336 More than 1 building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,847 67 4,780 3,856 2,031 1,825 924 270 12.8 113 50 105 386 118 355 No buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,832 467 3,364 2,871 2,245 626 493 87 11.9 71 37 161 138 272 476 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,905 48 3,857 3,381 2,198 1,182 476 98 7.6 86 13 101 178 173 184 **Bars on Windows of Buildings Within**

**300 Feet** No bars on windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,704 3,991 104,713 93,406 66,383 27,024 11,307 3,269 10.7 1,806 729 2,827 2,677 5,308 7,816 1 building with bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 15 2,271 2,108 1,256 851 163 59 6.5 19 4 24 57 41 119 2 or more buildings with bars. . . . . . . . . 10,230 60 10,170 9,101 3,927 5,174 1,069 439 7.8 116 85 155 274 144 147 No buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,832 467 3,364 2,871 2,245 626 493 87 11.9 71 37 161 138 272 476 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,061 85 4,975 4,320 2,617 1,703 656 165 8.8 96 25 147 223 190 211
**Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet** No repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,426 2,523 70,903 63,186 44,404 18,782 7,717 2,184 10.3 1,345 484 2,060 1,643 4,048 3,955 Minor repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,170 1,521 41,649 36,976 24,133 12,843 4,674 1,512 10.4 582 318 979 1,282 1,215 3,375 Major repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,523 268 7,255 6,604 4,375 2,228 651 183 7.6 82 42 118 227 381 1,029 No streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,158 241 1,916 1,678 1,259 419 238 56 11.8 34 15 79 53 140 205 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,835 64 3,771 3,362 2,257 1,106 408 82 6.9 65 20 78 163 170 205 **Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or**

**Any Properties Within 300 Feet** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,242 4,346 110,896 99,010 69,415 29,595 11,886 3,459 10.4 1,918 755 3,049 2,706 5,458 7,675 Minor accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,439 137 8,302 7,250 3,491 3,759 1,052 388 9.3 110 83 155 316 247 590 Major accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,007 85 2,921 2,519 1,426 1,093 403 112 9.3 31 26 45 189 86 324 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,424 49 3,374 3,027 2,096 931 348 59 5.9 49 16 66 157 164 181

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Two or more units of any tenure in the structure. 3 Figures do not add up because of nonrespondents. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 11 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-1. 

## Introductory Characteristics—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000**

**.** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter New con struction 4 years Manu

factured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Sample siz e**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . 45,057**  **30,228 14,829**  **1,692 2,048**  **5,555 5,276**  **10,152 6,377**  **10,279 11,575**  **14,543 8,660** 
**T otal** 

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806**  **76,428 35,378**  **4,771 6,839**  **13,993 12,739**  **23,095 15,739**  **20,451 25,368**  **41,586 24,401** 
**Tenure** Owner occupied

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 76,428 (X) 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607

Percent of all occupied

. . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 100.0 (X) 80.3 79.2 46.8 50.5 80.0 40.7 65.4 71.9 70.2 64.0 Renter occupied

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 (X) 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 **Race and Hispanic Origin**
White alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,137 65,935 25,202 3,838 5,953 (X) 11,804 19,943 10,840 16,971 21,801 32,251 20,115

Non-Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,333 59,905 19,427 3,432 5,272 (X) (X) 18,564 8,328 15,336 20,858 27,689 15,449 Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,804 6,030 5,775 406 681 (X) 11,804 1,379 2,512 1,634 943 4,562 4,666 Black alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,993 6,547 7,446 562 643 13,993 384 2,246 3,864 2,428 2,533 7,720 1,312

Non-Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,609 6,415 7,195 548 633 13,609 (X) 2,201 3,761 2,261 2,503 7,590 1,256 Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 132 252 14 10 384 384 44 103 168 31 130 56 American Indian or Alaska Native

alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 503 466 33 101 (X) 238 119 212 75 213 221 459 Asian alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,003 2,516 1,487 263 28 (X) 64 482 505 776 490 827 1,910 Pacific Islander alone 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 141 140 26

– (X) 40 47 49 14 24 55 189 Two or more races

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,423 786 637 50 114 (X) 210 258 268 187 308 512 416 Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2

. . . . . . . 12,739 6,439 6,300 438 722 384 12,739 1,482 2,717 1,879 1,057 4,851 4,952 **Units in Structure** 1, detached

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,079 63,324 9,755 3,311 (X) 6,850 6,807 15,913 6,949 11,431 17,944 28,063 15,642 1, attached

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,973 3,952 2,021 417 (X) 1,095 597 1,190 841 1,810 1,055 1,935 1,172 2 to 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,350 1,353 6,998 157 (X) 1,699 1,456 1,177 2,154 2,571 1,792 2,096 1,892 5 to 9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,269 632 4,637 116 (X) 1,184 1,061 672 1,382 944 1,043 1,818 1,465 10 to 19

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,661 483 4,178 144 (X) 1,004 815 474 1,022 741 962 1,819 1,139 20 to 49

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,630 499 3,131 136 (X) 719 724 628 859 914 673 1,049 994 50 or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,004 768 3,237 191 (X) 801 557 1,504 1,039 1,501 756 887 860 Manufactured/mobile home or

trailer

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,839 5,418 1,421 301 6,839 643 722 1,537 1,492 540 1,145 3,918 1,236 **Cooperatives and Condominiums** Cooperatives

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 429 222 3 23 101 66 216 71 440 79 67 65 Condominiums

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,580 4,399 2,181 406 15 593 810 1,577 728 1,312 1,291 2,075 1,902 **Year Structure Built 3, 5** 
2005 to 2009

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,884 4,601 1,283 4,771 378 687 557 496 429 533 957 2,921 1,473 2000 to 2004

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,102 6,371 1,731 (X) 768 783 841 1,105 782 719 1,671 3,764 1,947 1995 to 1999

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,825 6,221 1,603 (X) 1,459 757 669 1,386 797 690 1,603 3,774 1,756 1990 to 1994

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,995 4,715 1,280 (X) 811 592 546 1,047 571 607 1,337 2,556 1,495 1985 to 1989

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,648 5,159 2,489 (X) 669 836 753 1,427 856 1,132 1,358 3,184 1,974 1980 to 1984

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,380 4,201 2,179 (X) 697 734 787 1,229 1,016 627 1,023 3,254 1,477 1975 to 1979

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,835 7,471 4,364 (X) 701 1,458 1,484 2,450 2,006 1,476 2,692 4,823 2,843 1970 to 1974

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,413 5,696 3,718 (X) 795 1,385 1,190 2,303 1,578 1,389 1,989 3,938 2,097 1960 to 1969

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,326 8,917 4,409 (X) 401 1,865 1,530 3,692 2,052 2,451 2,957 4,832 3,086 1950 to 1959

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,771 8,528 3,243 (X) 56 1,579 1,530 3,112 1,609 2,609 3,002 3,591 2,569 1940 to 1949

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,745 4,423 2,322 (X) 54 1,121 1,087 1,570 1,235 1,645 1,503 2,110 1,488 1930 to 1939

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,828 2,904 1,924 (X) 49 737 608 949 894 1,411 1,292 1,192 933 1920 to 1929

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,331 2,520 1,811 (X) (X) 633 500 804 677 1,603 1,379 721 627 1919 or earlier

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,724 4,703 3,021 (X) (X) 827 658 1,524 1,235 3,560 2,604 924 635 **Median**

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1974**  **1975 1971**  **2007 1990**  **1971 1972**  **1970 1971**  **1958 1970**  **1979 1976**  **Metropolitan/Nonmetropolitan**

**Areas** Inside metropolitan statistical

areas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,949 60,102 29,846 3,965 3,807 12,529 11,644 17,483 12,232 18,029 18,611 32,121 21,188 In central cities

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,645 17,809 14,837 1,372 566 6,687 5,432 6,048 6,088 6,062 6,868 11,138 8,577 Sub urbs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,303 42,294 15,009 2,593 3,241 5,842 6,212 11,435 6,144 11,967 11,743 20,982 12,612 Outside metropolitan statistical

areas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,857 16,326 5,532 806 3,032 1,465 1,095 5,612 3,507 2,422 6,758 9,465 3,212 **Regions**
Northeast

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,451 13,378 7,073 412 540 2,428 1,879 4,638 2,632 20,451 (X) (X) (X) Midwest

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,368 18,249 7,119 763 1,145 2,533 1,057 5,364 3,385 (X) 25,368 (X) (X) South

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,586 29,193 12,392 2,414 3,918 7,720 4,851 8,505 6,695 (X) (X) 41,586 (X) West

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,401 15,607 8,794 1,181 1,236 1,312 4,952 4,587 3,027 (X) (X) (X) 24,401

See footnotes at end of table.

## 12 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-1. 

## Introductory Characteristics—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000**

**.** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter New con struction 4 years Manu

factured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Place Size 4**  Less than 2,500 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . 5,254 3,982 1,271 192 471 290 280 1,281 603 698 2,102 1,799 655 2,500 to 9,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,093 9,298 3,795 498 680 1,174 1,322 2,866 1,781 2,284 3,156 4,932 2,720 10,000 to 19,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . 9,487 6,314 3,173 265 245 1,047 868 1,925 1,290 1,776 2,581 3,707 1,422 20,000 to 49,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . 14,846 9,643 5,204 408 278 2,013 1,947 3,111 2,161 2,334 3,745 4,882 3,885 50,000 to 99,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . 10,783 6,549 4,235 362 204 1,328 1,819 1,932 1,518 1,710 2,703 2,727 3,643 100,000 to 249,999 persons

. . . . . . . . 8,793 5,108 3,685 242 99 1,569 1,285 1,626 1,361 1,021 1,567 2,961 3,244 250,000 to 499,999 persons

. . . . . . . . 6,110 3,329 2,781 284 70 1,310 955 936 1,140 338 1,112 2,353 2,307 500,000 to 999,999 persons

. . . . . . . . 3,716 2,073 1,644 144 44 920 749 737 671 225 837 1,523 1,130 1,000,000 persons or more

. . . . . . . . . 6,906 2,928 3,978 118 12 1,892 1,661 1,335 1,585 3,364 1,111 940 1,492

1 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. 2 Because Hispanics may be any race, data can overlap slightly with other groups. Most Hispanics report themselves as White, but some report themselves as Black or in other categories. 3 For manufactured/mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier. 4 Does not add up to total because not all populations reside in a place; see Appendix A. 5 Median is estimated from the printed distribution; see Appendix A. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 13 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-2. 

## Height and Condition of Building—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Stories in Structure**  **1** 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,364 26,216 9,148 1,240 (X) 4,512 5,359 8,757 5,340 1,109 4,072 19,803 10,381 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,867 25,210 12,657 2,004 (X) 4,388 3,960 6,886 4,677 6,291 10,192 12,065 9,320 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,508 16,721 7,787 954 (X) 3,172 1,731 4,023 2,824 8,689 8,530 4,611 2,678 4 to 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,134 2,349 2,785 179 (X) 777 712 1,152 868 2,813 1,045 721 554 7 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,094 515 1,580 93 (X) 501 255 740 538 1,009 385 469 231 **Stories Between Main and Apartment**

**Entrances** Multiunits, 2 or more floors . . . . . . . . . 22,962 3,458 19,503 692 (X) 4,780 4,034 3,764 5,458 6,514 4,638 6,382 5,428 None (on same floor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,616 1,187 6,429 184 (X) 1,505 1,320 1,290 1,842 1,921 1,476 2,255 1,964 1 (up or down) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,447 911 5,536 168 (X) 1,341 1,207 754 1,486 1,616 1,426 1,807 1,598 2 or more (up or down) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,899 1,361 7,538 339 (X) 1,934 1,507 1,720 2,129 2,976 1,735 2,320 1,867
**Elevator on Floor** Multiunits, 2 or more floors . . . . . . . . . 22,962 3,458 19,503 692 (X) 4,780 4,034 3,764 5,458 6,514 4,638 6,382 5,428 With 1 or more elevators working . . . . . . . . . . . 4,348 1,045 3,303 219 (X) 834 594 1,647 996 1,744 825 891 888 With elevator, none in working condition . . . . . . 46 11 35 – (X) 7 16 9 15 11 4 10 20 No elevator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,568 2,403 16,165 472 (X) 3,939 3,425 2,108 4,447 4,760 3,808 5,480 4,519 Units, 3 or more floors from main entrance . . 1,436 133 1,302 55 (X) 326 243 135 319 650 305 306 174
**Foundation** 1-unit building, excluding

manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . 79,052 67,276 11,776 3,727 (X) 7,944 7,404 17,102 7,790 13,240 18,999 29,999 16,814 With basement under all of building . . . . . . . . . 26,713 23,821 2,892 1,038 (X) 2,473 1,176 5,624 2,067 9,022 11,276 4,269 2,145 With basement under part of building . . . . . . . . 8,208 7,350 858 119 (X) 438 326 1,937 645 2,226 3,280 1,565 1,137 With crawl space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,022 14,783 3,240 602 (X) 1,961 1,692 4,229 2,029 740 2,523 9,517 5,242 On concrete slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,917 20,431 4,486 1,946 (X) 2,946 4,034 4,995 2,823 1,146 1,758 13,941 8,071 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,192 892 300 23 (X) 125 176 318 225 105 162 707 218 **External Building Conditions 2**  Sagging roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888 1,370 517 3 292 292 171 275 461 314 500 776 299 Missing roofing material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,640 3,682 958 71 342 573 506 836 752 673 1,312 1,761 893 Hole in roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458 1,029 429 6 307 296 186 232 370 202 356 639 260 Missing bricks, siding, or other outside wall

material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,323 1,661 661 21 252 363 240 329 545 401 678 806 437 Sloping outside walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,167 781 386 10 183 241 113 230 279 168 305 515 179 Boarded up windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 558 262 11 142 168 132 149 235 101 214 374 131 Broken windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,984 2,112 872 33 518 371 408 349 636 353 829 1,171 631 Bars on windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,318 2,616 702 17 60 954 1,018 896 600 362 425 1,422 1,110 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or

hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,227 1,687 540 17 71 306 165 354 373 382 820 650 375 None of the above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,766 60,037 9,730 3,794 5,416 6,128 5,901 15,628 6,456 11,449 16,245 27,575 14,497 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,173 1,832 341 98 143 278 161 431 371 376 403 954 441 **Previous Occupancy** Unit built 1990 or later . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,805 21,908 5,897 4,771 3,416 2,818 2,612 4,034 2,579 2,550 5,569 13,016 6,671 Not previously occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,223 10,515 708 3,295 1,581 1,045 909 1,941 732 1,142 2,460 5,464 2,157 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 242 55 43 8 35 20 36 46 49 46 147 55 **Site Placement** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . 6,839 5,418 1,421 301 6,839 643 722 1,537 1,492 540 1,145 3,918 1,236 First site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,600 4,002 598 259 4,600 463 467 1,228 894 390 705 2,630 874 Moved from another site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301 1,047 254 34 1,301 123 85 247 318 107 252 785 157 Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 97 265 3 362 28 37 29 98 25 73 188 75 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 272 304 4 576 29 134 32 182 18 115 314 130 **Manufactured/Mobile Home Size** Manufactured/mobile homes. . . . . . . . 6,839 5,418 1,421 301 6,839 643 722 1,537 1,492 540 1,145 3,918 1,236 Single-wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,923 2,867 1,056 133 3,923 363 475 779 1,029 366 766 2,319 472 Double-wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,803 2,444 358 165 2,803 267 233 704 454 174 370 1,544 715 Triple-wide or larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 103 3 3 106 13 14 53 8 – 2 55 49 Size not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 4 – 8 – – – 1 1 7 – – See footnotes at end of table.

## 14 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-2. 

## Height and Condition of Building—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Manufactured/Mobile Home Tiedowns** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . 6,839 5,418 1,421 301 6,839 643 722 1,537 1,492 540 1,145 3,918 1,236 Anchored by tiedowns, bolts, or other means . . 6,136 4,914 1,222 273 6,136 611 639 1,377 1,299 417 1,034 3,668 1,017 Not anchored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 426 119 19 545 27 66 141 139 91 88 204 161 Anchoring not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 78 79 8 158 4 17 19 55 32 22 46 57 **Manufactured/Mobile Home Setup** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . 6,839 5,418 1,421 301 6,839 643 722 1,537 1,492 540 1,145 3,918 1,236 Set on permanent masonry foundation . . . . . . . 1,367 1,158 209 50 1,367 101 85 364 171 119 303 659 285 Resting on concrete pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076 870 206 72 1,076 27 127 253 236 141 346 326 263 Up on blocks, but not on concrete pad . . . . . . . 4,194 3,251 943 166 4,194 499 477 886 1,048 260 455 2,851 628 Setup in some other way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 99 14 4 113 8 18 26 23 14 24 42 33 Setup not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 40 50 8 90 7 15 9 15 6 17 40 27

1 Figures exclude manufactured/mobile homes. 2 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. Figures do not include multiunit structures. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 15 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-3. 

## Size of Unit and Lot—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401**
**Rooms**
1 room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 26 326 7 3 45 56 82 141 111 60 33 149 2 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946 68 879 13 7 153 134 176 324 269 130 209 337 3 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,711 1,036 7,675 201 155 1,569 1,364 2,121 2,562 2,235 1,891 2,461 2,124 4 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,828 6,475 11,354 384 1,888 2,764 2,953 3,376 4,035 3,277 3,889 6,376 4,287 5 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,444 17,232 8,212 1,084 2,578 3,620 3,282 5,477 4,009 3,854 5,758 10,355 5,476 6 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,596 20,364 4,232 983 1,383 2,958 2,532 5,440 2,622 4,435 5,400 9,918 4,842 7 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,489 14,754 1,735 813 627 1,548 1,339 3,428 1,231 3,080 3,904 6,110 3,394 8 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,033 9,410 622 646 143 811 624 1,802 483 1,898 2,465 3,533 2,136 9 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,344 4,130 214 334 36 336 259 677 225 751 1,124 1,468 1,000 10 rooms or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,063 2,933 130 306 19 191 196 515 105 540 747 1,121 655 **Rooms Used for Business** Business only 1 or more rooms with direct access. . . . 8,518 6,120 2,398 420 701 1,076 901 1,914 1,394 1,363 1,764 3,654 1,737 1 or more rooms, no direct access . . . . . 6,718 5,359 1,359 460 187 726 573 872 505 1,063 1,439 2,389 1,828 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688 536 152 39 25 65 18 130 127 153 117 302 115
Business and other use 1 or more rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,912 14,629 4,283 1,041 797 1,830 1,577 2,721 1,672 2,796 4,329 6,833 4,954 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 580 181 47 27 72 30 131 135 187 150 308 115
**Bedrooms**
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 45 744 17 8 100 118 156 282 225 142 97 324 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,434 1,714 9,720 229 202 2,067 1,749 2,726 3,183 2,973 2,391 3,292 2,777 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,671 13,471 14,200 714 2,495 3,891 3,959 6,116 5,245 5,279 6,499 9,480 6,413 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,082 39,723 8,359 2,088 3,571 5,715 4,820 10,223 5,228 7,784 10,885 20,062 9,352 4 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,830 21,475 2,354 1,724 563 2,220 2,093 3,874 1,801 4,190 5,451 8,655 5,534 **Complete Bathrooms**
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 175 229 3 16 58 51 75 141 98 93 115 97 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,662 15,767 22,894 389 1,897 6,665 5,895 8,183 9,168 9,418 9,760 11,847 7,636 1 1/2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,656 12,081 3,575 149 671 2,130 1,330 3,929 1,934 4,066 4,770 4,217 2,603 2 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,085 48,405 8,680 4,231 4,254 5,140 5,462 10,908 4,496 6,869 10,746 25,406 14,064 **Square Footage of Unit** Single detached and

manufactured/mobile homes . . . 79,918 68,742 11,176 3,611 6,839 7,492 7,529 17,449 8,441 11,971 19,088 31,981 16,878 Less than 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 383 220 6 161 63 122 139 150 86 104 247 166 500 to 749 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,771 1,085 686 14 638 198 337 440 466 249 415 810 298 750 to 999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,014 3,519 1,495 67 1,500 614 720 1,088 1,096 614 1,340 2,086 973 1,000 to 1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,419 14,978 3,441 478 2,315 2,044 2,079 4,180 2,521 2,047 4,331 7,834 4,207 1,500 to 1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,519 16,284 2,235 667 1,082 1,605 1,733 4,162 1,708 2,458 4,039 7,564 4,457 2,000 to 2,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,190 12,057 1,134 697 307 908 936 2,888 830 2,000 3,282 5,165 2,743 2,500 to 2,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,050 6,622 429 455 112 501 363 1,365 308 1,211 1,594 2,819 1,426 3,000 to 3,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,692 6,391 301 643 54 422 390 1,237 308 1,119 1,700 2,488 1,385 4,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,030 3,787 243 399 120 314 225 813 231 805 994 1,519 712 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,630 3,638 992 186 550 823 625 1,138 823 1,382 1,288 1,449 510 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800 1,800 1,300 2,300 1,120 1,500 1,500 1,700 1,350 1,900 1,800 1,700 1,700 Lot Size** 
1-unit structures 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,466 70,643 12,823 3,814 6,800 8,433 7,914 18,024 9,052 13,297 19,555 33,222 17,392 Less than 1/8 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,824 9,107 2,717 552 1,346 1,654 1,849 2,478 1,603 2,146 2,577 3,439 3,661 1/8 up to 1/4 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,793 17,771 4,022 907 975 2,598 3,051 4,496 2,588 2,625 5,235 7,241 6,692 1/4 up to 1/2 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,921 13,837 2,084 805 529 1,645 1,351 3,296 1,450 2,383 4,044 6,523 2,970 1/2 up to 1 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,036 8,874 1,162 388 690 962 558 2,135 810 1,974 1,964 4,945 1,153 1 up to 5 acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,014 14,895 2,120 806 2,335 1,319 842 3,767 1,854 3,072 3,669 8,310 1,963 5 up to 10 acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,750 2,545 205 183 433 97 104 595 250 464 737 1,106 443 10 acres or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,127 3,614 513 173 492 157 158 1,258 497 633 1,329 1,656 509 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 .27 0 .32 0 .22 0 .30 0 .75 0 .24 0 .16 0 .32 0 .25 0 .34 0 .28 0 .36 0 .18 Persons per Room**  0.50 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,735 57,341 22,394 3,453 4,601 9,342 5,917 21,553 10,184 14,509 18,703 30,136 16,388 0.51 to 1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,566 18,082 11,484 1,267 1,998 4,292 5,521 1,496 4,587 5,548 6,343 10,600 7,075 1.01 to 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142 922 1,220 48 224 319 1,075 38 796 328 285 768 761 1.51 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 83 279 3 17 40 226 7 172 67 38 81 177 See footnotes at end of table.

## 16 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-3. 

## Size of Unit and Lot—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Persons per Bedroom** 0.50 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,101 22,004 6,097 1,242 1,936 3,366 1,675 9,987 4,450 4,774 6,609 11,111 5,607 0.51 to 1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,124 38,173 16,951 2,447 3,024 6,552 4,761 11,654 6,265 10,044 12,702 20,773 11,605 1.01 to 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,596 10,733 4,863 735 1,061 2,133 2,326 614 1,817 2,921 3,603 5,687 3,385 1.51 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,197 5,475 6,722 329 809 1,843 3,860 684 2,924 2,487 2,313 3,918 3,479 No bedrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 45 744 17 8 100 118 156 282 225 142 97 324 **Square Feet per Person** Single detached and

manufactured/mobile homes . . . 79,918 68,742 11,176 3,611 6,839 7,492 7,529 17,449 8,441 11,971 19,088 31,981 16,878 Less than 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502 955 548 52 394 241 585 93 489 184 255 687 376 200 to 299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,230 2,899 1,331 65 773 550 1,114 224 855 454 864 1,751 1,162 300 to 399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,326 4,932 1,394 191 887 677 945 463 779 816 1,444 2,577 1,489 400 to 499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,205 5,933 1,272 289 719 656 846 756 615 964 1,743 2,758 1,740 500 to 599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,115 6,018 1,097 255 584 682 641 936 587 1,021 1,768 2,764 1,561 600 to 699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,227 6,333 894 313 529 576 505 1,194 487 1,036 1,748 2,936 1,506 700 to 799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,848 5,257 591 362 468 502 427 1,273 438 759 1,423 2,406 1,261 800 to 899 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,764 4,255 509 249 372 390 319 1,065 346 710 1,082 1,893 1,079 900 to 999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,538 4,181 357 195 358 316 247 1,238 366 608 1,145 1,796 990 1,000 to 1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,582 13,289 1,293 790 781 1,083 769 4,540 1,300 2,090 3,513 6,053 2,927 1,500 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,950 11,052 899 665 424 997 506 4,530 1,356 1,948 2,815 4,911 2,276 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,630 3,638 992 186 550 823 625 1,138 823 1,382 1,288 1,449 510 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 800 520 850 550 675 490 1,035 690 800 750 750 717** 

1 Does not include cooperatives or condominiums. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 17 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-4. 

## Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Equipment**  **1** Lacking complete kitchen facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,751 378 1,374 39 28 315 329 243 461 487 385 406 474 With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven

or burners) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,054 76,050 34,004 4,732 6,811 13,679 12,410 22,852 15,277 19,964 24,984 41,180 23,927 Kitchen sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,510 76,329 35,180 4,766 6,830 13,953 12,695 23,019 15,638 20,344 25,308 41,532 24,326 Refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,530 76,336 35,193 4,762 6,824 13,941 12,702 23,049 15,639 20,372 25,328 41,502 24,328 Cooking stove or range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,038 76,153 34,886 4,761 6,790 13,878 12,622 22,906 15,451 20,329 25,207 41,347 24,155 Burners, no stove or range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 109 99 3 15 28 30 37 52 29 32 79 69 Microwave oven only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 127 251 3 26 60 64 102 159 40 103 108 127 Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,584 57,191 16,393 4,526 3,324 6,430 6,062 13,973 6,250 11,900 15,487 28,691 17,505 Washing machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,372 73,826 19,545 4,599 6,395 9,883 8,943 19,751 10,370 15,327 21,537 36,611 19,896 Clothes dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,905 72,562 18,343 4,561 6,210 9,104 8,208 18,982 9,454 14,512 21,327 35,578 19,489 Disposal in kitchen sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,531 40,597 15,933 3,525 1,058 5,604 6,332 10,495 5,435 5,332 13,048 20,217 17,934 Trash compactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,896 3,166 730 302 55 460 378 885 294 512 610 1,569 1,206 Air conditioning: 2 Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,808 54,647 18,161 4,240 4,406 8,668 7,312 14,807 8,237 6,600 17,684 35,825 12,699 Additional central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,629 4,709 920 576 269 607 576 986 541 331 656 3,676 966 1 room unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,532 5,303 6,229 71 793 1,727 1,515 2,707 2,696 3,895 3,186 1,765 2,686 2 room units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,132 4,800 3,332 85 713 1,261 1,117 1,672 1,426 3,846 1,717 1,891 677 3 room units or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,918 3,604 1,314 30 281 718 685 884 561 2,758 575 1,323 263 **Safety Equipment 1**  Working smoke detector Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,362 71,797 32,565 4,656 6,263 13,034 11,216 21,165 13,929 19,479 24,153 37,942 22,788 Powered by: Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,149 5,620 2,528 434 772 951 789 2,128 1,186 1,680 1,534 3,238 1,696 Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,536 43,210 23,326 1,626 3,547 9,365 8,243 13,996 10,050 12,985 16,379 22,831 14,341 Both . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,421 22,461 5,960 2,496 1,909 2,531 2,084 4,684 2,418 4,654 5,971 11,370 6,426 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,257 506 751 100 35 187 100 356 276 160 269 503 325 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,157 3,686 2,472 77 504 839 1,447 1,599 1,586 739 974 3,045 1,399 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286 945 341 38 72 121 76 331 224 233 241 598 214 Batteries replaced in last 6 months 3 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,505 50,073 21,432 2,808 4,022 8,871 7,869 14,146 9,341 14,175 17,336 25,312 14,682 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,466 14,678 6,788 1,257 1,328 2,809 2,253 4,218 2,718 3,133 4,557 8,179 5,597 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,986 920 1,066 57 106 217 205 317 410 331 457 710 488 Fire extinguisher purchased or recharged in the last

2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,902 37,922 11,980 2,298 2,983 5,518 4,304 9,625 5,422 9,405 11,183 19,118 10,196 Sprinkler system inside home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,167 2,086 3,081 773 69 830 533 1,313 877 938 877 1,845 1,507 Working carbon monoxide detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,698 31,691 9,007 1,833 1,506 4,395 3,121 8,250 4,055 12,483 12,688 9,927 5,600 **Main Heating Equipment** Warm-air furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,141 51,691 19,450 3,340 5,040 8,625 7,125 14,124 8,970 8,925 20,671 25,268 16,277 Steam or hot water system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,506 7,494 5,012 109 20 1,778 1,381 2,910 1,789 9,088 2,015 592 811 Electric heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,264 9,764 3,500 1,095 1,009 1,734 1,403 2,670 1,511 336 706 10,785 1,436 Built-in electric units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,761 2,120 2,641 77 83 453 444 1,115 890 1,159 1,134 827 1,641 Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air units without

ducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,802 2,043 2,760 68 152 593 1,438 951 1,140 435 388 1,154 2,825 Room heaters with flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 580 370 16 58 147 84 316 253 124 103 478 244 Room heaters without flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109 694 414 8 125 360 219 340 345 24 52 992 41 Portable electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,167 535 632 6 175 172 394 224 418 29 65 769 304 Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,035 845 190 14 92 29 61 233 200 226 158 341 310 Fireplaces with inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 155 18 – 2 8 11 56 4 24 34 38 76 Fireplaces without inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 35 7 – 5 2 3 16 5 3 6 16 18 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 232 154 22 55 58 59 63 111 57 35 212 82 Cooking stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 34 49 – 10 12 37 23 26 18 – 53 13 None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 206 180 17 12 21 82 56 76 3 3 58 321 See footnotes at end of table.

## 18 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-4. 

## Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Other Heating Equipment 1** 
Warm-air furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 225 26 14 16 5 4 53 21 50 62 65 74 Steam or hot water system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 51 5 3 – 2 3 12 7 27 18 7 4 Electric heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 91 6 9 16 2 11 26 – 9 31 36 20 Built-in electric units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,882 1,428 454 54 75 166 135 464 244 316 398 640 528 Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air units without

ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 63 12 14 – 3 7 21 15 12 16 28 20 Room heaters with flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 716 106 19 57 58 43 240 86 200 131 310 182 Room heaters without flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,471 1,207 264 20 236 156 70 381 226 218 370 745 138 Portable electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,719 9,886 3,832 335 854 1,712 1,318 3,028 1,773 2,188 4,082 4,406 3,043 Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,165 3,740 425 99 306 160 197 976 371 1,231 863 1,010 1,061 Fireplaces with inserts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,205 4,742 464 356 314 330 220 1,036 265 692 1,106 1,942 1,466 Fireplaces without inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,765 4,869 896 370 169 563 547 941 449 555 903 2,542 1,766 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 707 83 52 56 29 22 178 32 197 192 225 176 Cooking stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 50 17 2 3 4 7 18 12 9 14 29 14 None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,034 51,171 28,863 3,521 4,886 10,982 10,246 16,321 12,297 15,135 17,772 30,637 16,490 **Plumbing** With all plumbing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,574 75,852 34,722 4,768 6,782 13,768 12,555 22,815 15,446 20,040 25,128 41,249 24,158 Lacking some or all plumbing facilities 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,232 576 656 3 57 226 184 280 292 411 241 337 243 No hot piped water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 54 58 – 7 33 10 27 54 39 25 43 6 No bathtub and no shower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 37 75 – – 22 24 25 52 33 21 33 26 No flush toilet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 37 64 – – 16 21 18 42 29 20 23 29 No exclusive use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065 507 558 3 50 188 157 248 216 364 206 282 213 **Primary Source of Water** Public system or private company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,027 64,372 33,655 4,117 4,839 13,435 12,224 19,774 14,345 17,101 21,435 36,594 22,897 Well serving 1 to 5 units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,430 11,769 1,660 642 1,941 543 495 3,221 1,315 3,275 3,878 4,821 1,455 Drilled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,175 10,772 1,404 553 1,726 476 451 2,962 1,167 2,940 3,566 4,321 1,348 Dug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 700 122 35 146 52 26 220 116 244 192 316 70 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 298 135 54 69 14 18 38 32 92 120 183 38 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 287 63 12 59 15 20 101 78 75 55 171 48 **Safety of Primary Source of Water** Selected primary water sources 4 . . . . . . . . . 111,772 76,406 35,366 4,768 6,839 13,983 12,726 23,091 15,731 20,448 25,368 41,569 24,385 Safe to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,247 71,152 31,095 4,362 6,114 12,518 10,261 21,669 13,718 18,913 23,950 38,041 21,344 Not safe to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,412 4,530 3,882 344 646 1,362 2,378 1,203 1,764 1,304 1,243 3,074 2,790 Safety not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,113 724 389 61 79 102 87 220 249 231 176 455 251 **Source of Drinking Water** Primary source not safe to drink . . . . . . . . . 8,412 4,530 3,882 344 646 1,362 2,378 1,203 1,764 1,304 1,243 3,074 2,790 Drinking and primary water source the same . . . . . . 1,486 976 509 64 109 224 309 249 292 272 307 578 329 Public or private system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445 941 505 60 103 224 304 241 292 261 294 562 329 Individual well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 35 5 4 6 – 5 8 1 11 13 16 – Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – – – Cistern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – – – Stream or lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – –

– – – Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – – – Drinking and primary water source different . . . . . . . 6,926 3,554 3,372 280 537 1,138 2,069 954 1,471 1,032 936 2,497 2,462 Public or private system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8 2 – – – – – 2 5 2 3 – Individual well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 25 15 – 11 8 10 14 7 6 4 24 7 Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 69 61 3 10 24 20 25 34 71 9 37 13 Cistern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 16 9 – 3 – 12 6 5 2 2 3 18 Stream or lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4 6 3 – – – – 1 – 1 6 3 Commercial bottled water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,421 2,620 2,801 217 458 956 1,733 738 1,237 731 718 1,977 1,995 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,291 812 479 57 55 151 294 171 186 217 200 448 426 Source of drinking water not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – – – **Means of Sewage Disposal**
Public sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,467 56,736 32,732 3,558 3,153 12,961 11,791 17,583 13,435 16,263 20,432 31,288 21,484 Septic tank, cesspool, or chemical toilet . . . . . . . . . . 22,307 19,667 2,640 1,213 3,686 1,025 945 5,506 2,289 4,185 4,930 10,279 2,913 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 25 6 – – 7 3 6 15 3 6 18 3

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Includes only those who responded they had some type of air conditioning. 3 Restricted to units with smoke detector powered by both electricity and batteries, or batteries only. 4 Excludes units where primary source of drinking water is commercial bottled water. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 19 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-5. 

## Fuels—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000**

**.** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter New con struction 4 years Manu

factured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**T otal** 

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806**  **76,428 35,378**  **4,771 6,839**  **13,993 12,739**  **23,095 15,739**  **20,451 25,368**  **41,586 24,401**  **Main House Heating Fuel** Housing units with heating

fuel

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,420 76,222 35,198 4,755 6,826 13,973 12,657 23,039 15,662 20,448 25,366 41,527 24,079 Electricity

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,851 22,219 15,632 2,370 3,559 5,652 4,951 7,173 6,522 2,448 4,362 24,280 6,761 Piped gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,806 41,233 15,573 1,991 1,508 6,925 6,558 11,596 6,925 9,941 17,720 13,355 15,791 Bottled gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,817 4,889 929 259 1,107 435 267 1,521 758 691 2,163 2,179 784 Fuel oil

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,214 5,693 2,521 57 155 812 731 2,118 986 6,613 564 844 192 Kerosene or other liquid fuel

. . . . . . . . . . 599 444 154 21 299 97 57 141 161 236 12 322 29 Coal or coke

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 91 7 3

– – – 11 10 80 8 5 6 Wood

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,780 1,503 277 42 192 43 78 416 266 412 418 501 449 Solar energy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8 3 3

– 3

– 5

– 3 2

– 6 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 142 101 9 6 6 14 58 35 24 116 41 62 **Cooking Fuel** With cooking fuel

. . . . . . . . . . . . 111,623 76,388 35,235 4,767 6,831 13,967 12,716 23,045 15,661 20,398 25,341 41,534 24,351 Electricity

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,078 45,512 21,567 2,933 4,305 7,645 5,830 14,528 9,229 8,915 14,930 30,821 12,412 Piped gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,476 26,553 12,923 1,562 1,364 5,906 6,532 7,222 5,694 10,015 9,194 8,937 11,330 Bottled gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,001 4,274 726 268 1,158 413 349 1,278 716 1,451 1,193 1,758 599 Kerosene or other liquid fuel

. . . . . . . . . . 14 7 7

– – 3

– 3 1 6 4 4

– Coal or coke

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – – – Wood

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 17 12

– 4

– 4 10 20 4 8 12 4 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25

– 4

– 1 1 4

– 6 11 3 6 **Water Heating Fuel** With hot piped water

. . . . . . . . . 111,691 76,371 35,319 4,771 6,832 13,960 12,729 23,066 15,684 20,410 25,343 41,543 24,395 Electricity

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,435 29,341 16,095 2,316 5,135 6,051 4,464 9,723 7,432 4,558 7,532 26,921 6,424 Piped gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,145 40,280 16,865 2,119 1,149 7,194 7,445 11,216 7,162 10,476 16,391 13,222 17,056 Bottled gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,057 3,365 692 270 519 251 255 886 497 745 1,326 1,210 776 Fuel oil

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,692 3,087 1,604 43 10 450 546 1,138 572 4,529 27 132 4 Kerosene or other liquid fuel

. . . . . . . . . . 21 18 3 4 7 4

– 8 1 11

– 8 2 Coal or coke

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23

– – – – – 3 3 17 3 3

– Wood

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 96 9 10 9

– – 22 5 43 43 10 9 Solar energy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 121 14 5

– 9 10 48 6 14 5 23 93 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 40 39 4 2 1 8 22 6 16 17 15 31 **Central Air Conditioning Fuel**
With central air conditioning

. . . 72,808 54,647 18,161 4,240 4,406 8,668 7,312 14,807 8,237 6,600 17,684 35,825 12,699 Electricity

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,863 53,098 17,765 4,121 4,346 8,430 7,167 14,322 8,040 6,182 17,083 35,413 12,185 Piped gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,722 1,353 369 101 24 220 140 424 162 381 535 341 465 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 196 27 17 35 19 5 61 35 37 66 70 49 **Other Central Air Fuel**
With other central air

. . . . . . . . . 5,629 4,709 920 576 269 607 576 986 541 331 656 3,676 966 Electricity

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,466 4,563 903 561 267 589 566 948 523 305 627 3,598 936 Gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 134 14 15 3 18 10 39 18 25 26 76 21 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 12 3

– – – – – – 1 3 3 8 **Clothes Dryer Fuel**
With clothes dr yer

. . . . . . . . . . . 90,905 72,562 18,343 4,561 6,210 9,104 8,208 18,982 9,454 14,512 21,327 35,578 19,489 Electricity

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,497 55,059 15,438 3,713 5,689 7,327 5,770 14,749 7,807 9,878 14,843 32,930 12,846 Piped gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,111 16,326 2,785 787 368 1,733 2,387 3,878 1,548 4,203 6,086 2,391 6,431 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,298 1,178 120 62 152 44 51 354 100 431 399 256 212 **Units Using Each Fuel 1**  Electricity

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,746 76,378 35,368 4,763 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,093 15,727 20,431 25,342 41,572 24,401 Piped gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,886 46,700 21,186 2,507 1,723 8,838 8,701 13,548 8,940 13,048 19,005 17,083 18,750 Bottled gas

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,816 8,391 1,425 473 1,647 663 504 2,492 1,245 2,042 2,705 3,927 1,141 Fuel oil

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,208 6,409 2,800 74 249 912 818 2,369 1,172 7,274 694 1,019 222 Kerosene or other liquid fuel

. . . . . . . . . . 616 451 164 21 299 99 57 146 162 242 16 328 29 Coal or coke

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 97 7 3

– – – 11 10 82 8 8 6 Wood

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,787 1,510 278 42 197 43 78 417 270 413 418 507 449 Solar energy

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 130 17 8

– 12 10 54 6 17 8 23 99 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 254 151 19 9 13 40 98 50 61 148 85 111
All electric units

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,166 17,951 12,216 1,862 3,177 4,455 3,457 5,894 5,166 1,677 3,351 20,653 4,486

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

## 20 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-6. 

## Failures in Equipment—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Water Supply Stoppage**  With hot and cold piped water . . . . . . . . . . 111,691 76,371 35,319 4,771 6,832 13,960 12,729 23,066 15,684 20,410 25,343 41,543 24,395 No stoppage in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,864 73,494 33,370 4,595 6,249 13,469 12,269 22,217 14,824 19,582 24,333 39,755 23,194 With stoppage in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,632 2,031 1,601 111 517 352 387 609 607 612 826 1,188 1,006 No stoppage lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . 833 439 394 13 130 64 89 165 118 142 172 269 250 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,861 1,100 760 49 249 161 171 297 281 284 510 612 455 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 249 221 18 37 59 75 78 76 97 72 154 147 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 98 92 27 31 26 20 20 25 28 33 61 68 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 120 111 3 62 32 29 43 83 56 25 78 73 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 25 22 – 8 10 3 5 24 6 14 14 13 Stoppage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,194 846 348 65 65 139 73 239 253 216 184 599 194 **Flush Toilet Breakdowns** With one or more flush toilets . . . . . . . . . . 111,704 76,391 35,313 4,771 6,839 13,977 12,718 23,077 15,696 20,422 25,348 41,563 24,371 With at least one working toilet at all times in last

3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,440 74,674 33,766 4,694 6,631 13,382 12,303 22,528 14,879 19,833 24,724 40,200 23,683 None working some time in last 3 months . . . . . . . . 2,094 884 1,210 16 144 459 352 308 565 374 451 778 491 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . 568 197 371 10 16 117 99 110 143 107 151 178 133 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,061 512 549 3 90 229 157 163 265 198 224 407 231 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 95 167 3 10 59 38 28 78 36 33 103 89 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 12 30 – 8 7 14 – 17 4 4 25 9 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 55 83 – 18 43 37 5 58 21 30 65 23 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 13 9 – 3 4 6 2 4 8 9 – 6 Breakdowns not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,170 833 337 62 63 137 63 241 253 214 174 585 197 **Sewage Disposal Breakdowns** With public sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,467 56,736 32,732 3,558 3,153 12,961 11,791 17,583 13,435 16,263 20,432 31,288 21,484 No breakdowns in last 3 months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,307 56,096 32,211 3,538 3,095 12,703 11,572 17,394 13,157 16,093 20,118 30,893 21,203 With breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,160 640 521 20 58 258 220 189 278 171 314 395 281 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . 224 130 94 3 2 22 45 31 47 40 67 54 62 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 415 283 10 43 168 128 128 164 110 173 256 160 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 50 77 3 – 43 20 17 26 10 47 40 30 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 17 33 3 6 11 8 – 19 5 10 26 10 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 27 33 – 6 15 18 13 22 5 17 18 19 With septic tank or cesspool . . . . . . . . . . . 22,307 19,667 2,640 1,213 3,686 1,025 945 5,506 2,289 4,185 4,930 10,279 2,913 No breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,053 19,462 2,591 1,208 3,646 1,016 934 5,461 2,263 4,145 4,879 10,151 2,878 With breakdowns in last 3 months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 204 48 5 40 10 10 45 25 38 51 128 36 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . 35 31 3 – 3 – – 17 3 3 5 19 9 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 140 40 3 28 3 10 26 16 31 38 84 27 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 21 – – 7 7 – – 6 4 3 15 – 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 3 – 2 – – – – – – 6 – 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8 2 2 – – – 2 – – 5 5 – **Heating Problems** With heating equipment and occupied

last winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,459 75,215 31,244 4,375 6,590 13,135 11,786 22,827 14,437 19,761 24,385 39,640 22,673 Not uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more

last winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,725 67,769 26,957 4,080 5,654 11,375 10,666 20,906 12,149 17,018 21,528 35,788 20,391 Uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more

last winter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,677 6,055 3,622 232 799 1,485 986 1,441 1,856 2,245 2,522 2,959 1,951 Equipment breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,738 1,594 1,144 47 214 573 366 366 572 701 786 773 478 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . 27 14 12 – – 1 6 1 4 7 10 7 2 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719 1,119 600 39 117 319 190 245 308 405 516 482 315 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 208 191 9 34 91 53 57 71 115 124 100 60 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 120 86 – 23 44 20 26 53 64 58 71 13 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 125 214 – 38 95 84 35 113 101 70 95 73 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 8 41 – 2 22 13 3 23 10 7 18 14 Other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,152 4,571 2,581 185 598 964 646 1,086 1,343 1,626 1,792 2,234 1,501 Utility interruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,635 2,139 496 106 251 201 121 493 295 619 692 993 332 Inadequate heating capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025 350 675 13 55 235 174 128 348 215 234 281 295 Inadequate insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917 394 523 13 92 214 105 96 246 184 236 247 249 Cost of heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,200 778 421 32 99 159 103 167 242 258 304 295 343 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,699 1,022 677 33 128 226 186 248 304 398 430 486 384 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 7 3 – 2 – – 2 3 2 3 3 Reason for discomfort not reported . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2 24 – – 8 7 8 4 17 3 3 3 Discomfort not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,057 1,391 666 63 137 275 134 480 432 498 335 893 330 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 21 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-6. 

## Failures in Equipment—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Electric Fuses and Circuit Breakers** With electrical wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,722 76,371 35,351 4,760 6,837 13,991 12,722 23,091 15,724 20,428 25,348 41,556 24,391 No fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months . . . . . . 100,576 68,697 31,879 4,297 6,223 12,673 11,814 21,504 14,229 18,514 22,493 37,564 22,004 With fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months . . . . 9,767 6,685 3,082 400 549 1,166 817 1,285 1,233 1,710 2,641 3,273 2,143 1 time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,334 3,795 1,540 228 318 567 443 850 559 875 1,478 1,836 1,146 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,297 1,596 701 87 119 305 184 284 305 464 595 742 496 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 571 303 38 32 122 68 77 129 169 234 273 197 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,193 686 507 43 77 142 113 67 213 180 310 405 298 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 37 33 3 3 30 10 6 27 22 25 18 5 Problem not reported or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,380 989 391 63 65 153 91 303 262 204 214 718 244

1 Other causes and equipment breakdowns may not add to the total as both may be reported. 

## —Con.

## 22 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-7. 

## Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Selected Amenities**  **1** Porch, deck, balcony, or patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,406 70,421 24,984 4,246 5,955 10,717 9,798 19,712 11,854 15,067 21,854 37,281 21,204 Telephone available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,325 75,129 34,196 4,462 6,647 13,502 12,452 22,783 15,178 19,740 24,781 40,796 24,009 Usable fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,998 34,458 4,540 2,236 1,195 2,866 2,846 7,876 2,424 5,431 8,127 14,517 10,923 Separate dining room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,676 43,717 9,959 2,481 2,106 6,273 5,152 11,183 5,145 11,008 11,774 20,400 10,493 With 2 or more living rooms or recreation

rooms, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,912 30,978 2,934 1,879 918 2,578 2,071 7,092 1,794 5,852 8,705 11,923 7,431 Garage or carport included with home . . . . . . . 74,236 60,979 13,258 3,926 2,639 6,194 7,412 16,551 6,867 10,731 18,726 25,052 19,727 Not included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,525 15,420 22,105 843 4,200 7,792 5,327 6,525 8,868 9,701 6,629 16,528 4,667 Off-street parking included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,963 13,287 17,676 732 3,891 6,150 4,018 5,380 7,070 6,271 5,624 15,119 3,950 Off-street parking not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 2 – – 1 1 – 2 1 2 – – Garage or carport not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 29 15 3 – 7 – 19 4 18 13 5 7 **Cars and Trucks Available 1**  No cars, trucks, or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,738 2,069 6,669 116 308 2,541 1,398 3,084 3,946 3,232 1,658 2,450 1,398 Other households without cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,421 9,006 4,415 569 1,372 1,284 1,908 2,128 2,081 1,562 3,354 5,902 2,603 1 car with or without trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . 52,458 35,040 17,418 2,232 3,602 6,634 5,487 12,711 7,473 8,846 12,275 20,023 11,314 2 cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,103 22,384 5,719 1,438 1,160 2,793 2,871 4,255 1,872 5,180 6,178 10,195 6,550 3 or more cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,085 7,929 1,157 416 396 741 1,075 916 367 1,632 1,903 3,015 2,535 With cars, no trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,465 33,456 18,009 2,171 2,390 6,996 5,421 11,541 6,917 10,489 11,193 18,063 11,721 1 truck or van with or without cars . . . . . . . . . . . 35,951 28,026 7,925 1,724 2,693 3,279 3,969 6,244 3,593 4,802 8,800 14,305 8,044 2 or more trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,652 12,876 2,775 760 1,449 1,177 1,952 2,226 1,283 1,928 3,717 6,767 3,239 **Selected Deficiencies 1**  Signs of rats in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 354 258 7 63 124 139 111 148 85 56 295 177 Signs of mice in last 3 months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,122 3,984 2,138 90 690 905 703 1,140 1,134 1,709 1,465 2,117 831 Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last

3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 164 189 9 11 102 37 42 98 83 60 164 46 Holes in floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,141 581 560 14 190 255 177 157 343 231 208 478 225 Open cracks or holes (interior) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,517 3,101 2,416 75 472 999 690 646 1,295 1,081 1,338 2,049 1,049 Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) . . . . . . 2,378 1,246 1,132 27 158 495 311 343 606 531 642 819 386 No electrical wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 57 26 11 2 2 17 4 14 23 21 30 10 Exposed wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 221 134 13 33 68 50 79 81 63 85 155 52 Rooms without electric outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274 650 624 45 86 275 179 207 318 215 371 501 187 **Special Living 2**  Services available to residents 1 . . . . . . 1,077 101 976 27 (X) 168 80 878 342 246 328 310 193 Meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656 45 611 18 (X) 63 38 577 187 116 236 177 127 Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 76 686 18 (X) 119 55 652 226 162 243 229 127 Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 44 504 11 (X) 60 19 503 144 78 208 145 117 Financial management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 26 247 6 (X) 35 9 219 94 74 79 75 45 Aid with telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 16 251 12 (X) 23 15 225 76 48 84 83 53 Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 35 411 10 (X) 47 17 403 114 81 158 136 70 Services and assistance available to

residents 1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 18 308 8 (X) 25 8 299 86 54 124 93 54 Bathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 15 261 5 (X) 17 7 259 74 43 112 75 45 Eating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 13 234 4 (X) 20 4 231 61 36 102 66 42 Moving about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 15 259 2 (X) 24 6 251 70 46 111 70 47 Dressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 11 244 5 (X) 19 5 239 64 36 103 67 49 Toilet use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 11 223 2 (X) 18 5 218 59 36 96 59 43 **Access to Structure** Entering building from outside 4. . . . . . 25,915 3,734 22,181 743 – 5,407 4,613 4,456 6,457 6,671 5,225 7,669 6,350 Use of steps not required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,771 1,532 8,239 382 – 2,005 1,705 2,345 2,535 2,039 1,663 3,436 2,633 Use of steps required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,136 2,201 13,935 362 – 3,401 2,906 2,106 3,922 4,628 3,557 4,233 3,718 Use of steps not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 6 – – – 2 5 – 4 5 – – Entering home from outside 5. . . . . . . . 85,891 72,694 13,197 4,028 6,839 8,587 8,126 18,639 9,282 13,781 20,144 33,916 18,050 Use of steps not required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,011 32,654 5,357 2,151 1,135 3,657 4,304 8,805 3,900 4,860 6,641 16,898 9,611 Use of steps required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,752 39,928 7,824 1,877 5,704 4,926 3,820 9,799 5,362 8,891 13,477 16,973 8,411 Use of steps not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 112 16 – – 4 2 35 20 30 25 45 28 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 23 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-7. 

## Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Selected Physical Problems** Severe physical problems 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,864 870 994 11 128 392 294 346 490 596 398 533 337 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,232 576 656 3 57 226 184 280 292 411 241 337 243 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 245 300 – 61 139 104 60 166 165 128 166 86 Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 58 13 8 6 7 4 2 19 21 30 20 – Upkeep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 30 44 – 12 24 7 11 29 14 20 29 10 Moderate physical problems 1

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 3,893 1,625 2,269 52 285 896 697 642 1,064 723 695 1,800 676 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 62 101 – 23 44 46 – 58 26 24 82 32 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073 669 404 8 125 345 214 325 331 20 52 965 36 Upkeep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,177 616 560 11 145 267 154 125 345 267 277 459 174 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,629 335 1,293 37 19 291 314 218 409 443 357 374 455 **Overall Opinion of Structure** 1 (worst) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 203 327 – 44 154 114 84 240 114 94 222 100 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 122 209 9 49 93 56 30 99 33 79 123 96 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 175 436 6 50 151 74 42 230 129 110 194 179 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,153 444 708 14 147 229 111 115 309 209 261 431 251 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,275 2,365 2,910 77 595 969 733 825 1,365 864 1,204 2,071 1,137 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,208 2,655 2,553 75 436 889 608 706 963 966 1,237 1,820 1,185 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,045 8,899 6,146 377 898 2,037 1,653 1,835 2,074 2,724 3,461 5,391 3,468 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,667 21,042 9,625 1,006 1,640 3,582 3,426 5,459 3,654 5,599 7,212 10,987 6,870 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,844 13,627 4,217 880 739 1,568 1,978 3,936 1,716 3,323 3,989 6,434 4,099 10 (best) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,909 23,967 6,941 2,148 2,023 3,660 3,634 9,226 4,263 5,601 6,990 12,077 6,241 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,233 2,926 1,306 179 218 662 354 836 826 889 731 1,837 775 **Water Leakage During Last 12 Months** No leakage from inside structure . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,540 70,356 31,184 4,479 6,133 12,417 11,606 21,687 13,999 18,549 22,981 37,787 22,223 With leakage from inside structure 1 . . . . . . . . . . 9,007 5,170 3,836 227 635 1,439 1,063 1,123 1,483 1,679 2,199 3,179 1,951 Fixtures backed up or overflowed . . . . . . . . . 2,141 1,188 952 37 95 388 248 221 362 333 572 704 533 Pipes leaked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,809 2,145 1,664 100 328 617 466 465 639 838 830 1,349 791 Broken water heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041 714 327 31 144 132 123 177 140 154 219 436 233 Other or unknown (includes not reported) . . . 2,351 1,263 1,088 59 85 364 268 294 412 405 644 813 488 Interior leakage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,260 902 357 65 71 138 70 285 256 224 188 620 227 No leakage from outside structure. . . . . . . . . . . 99,592 67,686 31,906 4,484 5,943 12,382 11,678 21,049 13,860 17,947 21,473 37,587 22,586 With leakage from outside structure 1 . . . . . . . . . 10,963 7,842 3,121 222 825 1,474 997 1,778 1,620 2,285 3,694 3,383 1,600 Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,747 4,168 1,579 75 620 847 646 965 891 1,147 1,426 2,313 860 Basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,847 2,309 538 46 20 292 97 467 288 812 1,643 228 164 Walls, closed windows, or doors . . . . . . . . . . 1,960 1,165 795 78 134 292 174 255 369 317 632 625 386 Other or unknown (includes not reported) . . . 1,101 691 410 29 81 145 121 171 181 199 299 373 230 Exterior leakage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250 900 350 65 71 137 65 268 259 219 201 615 215

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Restricted to multiunits with five or more apartments with a resident 55 years of age or older. 3 Limited to units that reported meals, transportation, housekeeping, financial management, aid with telephone, or shopping. 4 Restricted to multiunits. 5 Restricted to single units. 

## —Con.

## 24 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-8. 

## Neighborhood—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Overall Opinion of Neighborhood**  1 (worst) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 338 499 24 72 291 148 116 354 164 201 323 149 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 289 348 29 59 170 94 65 166 105 156 268 108 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 459 543 15 100 195 111 99 263 184 229 372 217 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,633 766 867 58 132 291 190 178 429 217 419 536 462 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,332 3,356 2,976 176 474 1,250 964 1,003 1,526 980 1,323 2,554 1,476 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,919 3,454 2,465 210 380 959 735 823 972 1,080 1,285 2,120 1,434 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,767 9,603 5,164 489 808 2,028 1,633 2,194 1,828 2,628 3,324 5,344 3,472 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,794 20,808 8,986 1,156 1,646 3,379 3,373 5,394 3,467 5,506 6,751 10,793 6,745 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,017 13,454 4,563 776 874 1,725 1,902 3,821 1,804 3,243 4,220 6,472 4,082 10 (best) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,465 20,891 7,575 1,663 2,073 3,019 3,198 8,502 4,053 5,437 6,704 10,873 5,452 No neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 31 29 – 4 8 3 12 16 13 10 26 11 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,341 2,979 1,362 175 220 677 388 888 860 895 746 1,905 794 **Street Noise or Traffic** Bothersome street noise or heavy traffic

present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,381 15,223 10,158 716 1,335 4,099 3,143 4,574 4,659 5,203 6,006 8,466 5,706 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,122 60,264 24,858 4,009 5,442 9,731 9,517 18,242 10,812 15,052 19,132 32,519 18,418 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,303 941 362 46 62 163 79 279 268 196 230 600 276 **Neighborhood Crime** Serious crime in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,299 11,649 7,650 778 944 3,473 2,626 2,763 3,205 2,912 4,318 7,482 4,586 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,116 63,230 26,886 3,905 5,796 10,104 9,943 19,836 12,008 17,159 20,615 33,055 19,287 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,391 1,549 842 88 99 416 170 496 526 379 435 1,049 528 **Odors** Bothersome smoke, gas, or bad smells . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,434 3,278 2,156 159 386 944 725 827 1,115 1,053 1,379 1,732 1,271 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,015 72,168 32,847 4,563 6,385 12,890 11,931 21,974 14,347 19,194 23,756 39,229 22,836 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,356 982 375 49 68 159 83 293 276 205 233 625 293 **Other Bothersome Neighborhood**

**Conditions** No other problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,262 63,858 29,404 3,884 5,591 11,180 10,674 20,098 12,825 17,280 21,418 34,624 19,941 With other problems 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,876 11,359 5,517 838 1,163 2,595 1,961 2,650 2,566 2,926 3,663 6,150 4,137 Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,950 1,733 1,217 80 157 473 381 477 496 646 598 965 741 Litter or housing deterioration . . . . . . . . . . 1,691 1,101 590 26 97 399 212 309 333 300 376 659 356 Poor city or county services . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 440 254 11 74 181 86 91 161 110 170 292 123 Undesirable commercial, institutional, or

industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 247 168 27 17 62 52 60 73 104 91 133 87 People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,521 2,706 1,815 178 393 758 566 624 879 679 1,108 1,678 1,056 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,539 6,748 2,791 583 618 1,415 1,082 1,489 1,235 1,611 1,902 3,565 2,461 No problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 90 61 7 8 24 22 27 32 42 28 41 39 Type of problem not reported . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 5 – – 5 – 3 2 3 2 – – Other problems not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,667 1,210 457 49 84 219 104 347 348 245 288 811 323 **Public Elementary School 1**  Households with children aged

5 through 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,636 18,509 8,127 1,429 1,576 3,973 4,760 527 4,309 4,576 5,869 9,994 6,196 Attend public school (K–12) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,140 14,932 7,208 1,168 1,422 3,497 4,251 421 3,840 3,675 4,878 8,384 5,203 Attend private school (K–12) . . . . . . . . . . . 2,583 2,203 380 142 42 277 228 41 163 511 626 905 541 Attend ungraded school, preschool, etc . . . 438 327 111 30 7 46 52 22 78 105 83 136 114 Home schooled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 294 88 28 32 11 25 8 37 51 86 172 73 Not in school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 317 180 35 29 65 91 6 80 103 106 172 115 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208 922 286 70 54 157 184 33 166 239 237 457 275 Households with children aged

0 through 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,976 20,490 10,486 1,823 1,782 4,467 5,550 493 5,217 5,251 6,931 11,733 7,061 Satisfactory public elementary school . . . . 25,297 16,966 8,331 1,471 1,538 3,583 4,615 433 4,186 4,304 5,762 9,560 5,671 Unsatisfactory public elementary

school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,146 1,422 724 145 119 431 296 23 428 331 422 862 532 Not reported or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,532 2,102 1,431 207 125 453 638 36 603 616 747 1,311 859 Public elementary school less than

1 mile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,667 11,571 7,096 832 533 3,068 4,252 260 3,382 3,261 4,128 6,059 5,220 Public elementary school 1 mile or

more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,526 7,785 2,741 882 1,160 1,179 954 195 1,494 1,673 2,416 5,019 1,417 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,783 1,134 649 109 89 220 344 38 342 317 386 655 425 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 25 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-8. 

## Neighborhood—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Academic Comparison to Other Area**

**Elementary Schools** Households with children aged 0 through

13 dissatisfied with local elementary school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,146 1,422 724 145 119 431 296 23 428 331 422 862 532 Better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 154 63 16 12 53 40 3 56 30 34 103 50 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 490 224 59 48 115 86 12 119 124 149 287 154 Worse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082 696 386 53 60 237 151 2 230 155 202 428 297 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 83 51 16 – 26 19 6 22 21 37 44 31 **Building Neighbor Noise 2**  Neighbor noise present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,015 3,360 14,655 604 (X) 3,832 2,789 2,280 4,216 4,659 3,837 5,115 4,404 Loudness bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,189 717 4,472 152 (X) 1,258 974 422 1,467 1,172 1,104 1,527 1,385 Loudness not bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,820 2,641 10,180 453 (X) 2,572 1,815 1,857 2,749 3,485 2,733 3,588 3,015 Loudness bothersome not reported . . . . . . 6 3 3 – (X) 3 – 1 1 2 – – 3 Time of noise bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,219 736 4,483 150 (X) 1,311 974 434 1,498 1,179 1,114 1,584 1,342 Time of noise not bothersome . . . . . . . . . . 12,777 2,618 10,159 454 (X) 2,512 1,814 1,843 2,714 3,479 2,722 3,519 3,056 Time bothersome not reported . . . . . . . . . . 19 6 14 – (X) 8 – 3 4 1 – 12 7 Neighbor noise not present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,399 4,065 8,334 500 (X) 2,353 2,195 3,053 2,646 3,437 2,198 3,941 2,824 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,474 261 1,213 56 (X) 317 227 312 435 384 246 549 295 **Public Transportation** With public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,257 35,616 24,641 1,501 1,468 9,575 8,993 11,528 9,376 13,375 12,758 16,507 17,617 Travel time to nearest bus stop, train

station, or subway stop Less than 5 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,258 10,929 10,328 469 479 3,688 3,153 3,527 3,656 4,795 5,287 5,228 5,947 5–9 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,699 12,830 8,869 495 486 3,554 3,499 4,156 3,311 4,691 4,230 5,972 6,807 10–14 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,606 5,853 2,753 270 175 1,308 1,295 1,731 1,133 2,075 1,460 2,582 2,489 15–29 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,224 3,125 1,099 105 160 542 591 966 509 1,007 647 1,317 1,252 30 minutes or longer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 449 169 18 53 88 42 141 131 107 119 269 123

Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,852 2,430 1,422 144 115 395 414 1,007 636 700 1,014 1,139 999 Household uses public transportation

regularly for commuting to school or work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,212 3,817 6,395 200 157 2,679 2,252 1,146 2,397 3,639 1,738 1,948 2,887 Household does not use public

transportation regularly for commuting to school or work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,681 31,606 18,075 1,279 1,309 6,801 6,696 10,350 6,900 9,570 10,982 14,470 14,659 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 194 170 23 2 95 45 32 79 166 38 89 71 No public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,532 38,848 9,684 3,085 5,191 4,128 3,526 10,964 5,859 6,630 11,939 23,794 6,168 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,017 1,964 1,053 185 180 291 220 603 503 447 671 1,285 615 **Neighborhood Shopping** Grocery stores or drug stores within 15

minutes of your home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,737 72,548 34,189 4,433 6,142 13,275 12,346 21,692 14,669 19,618 24,433 39,153 23,532 Satisfactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,482 70,400 33,082 4,267 5,876 12,658 11,983 20,982 14,003 19,007 23,830 37,985 22,660 Not satisfactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,769 1,805 964 152 238 535 330 596 587 517 528 932 792 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 343 143 15 29 81 32 113 79 94 75 237 80 No grocery stores or drug stores within

15 minutes of your home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,596 2,819 777 201 549 519 276 1,116 734 609 700 1,728 560 Not reported or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,473 1,061 412 136 148 199 118 287 335 224 235 705 309 **Police Protection** Satisfactory police protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,373 69,633 31,740 4,245 5,992 12,163 11,365 21,223 13,526 18,594 23,406 37,316 22,056 Unsatisfactory police protection . . . . . . . . . . . 7,356 4,800 2,556 352 678 1,351 1,111 1,244 1,598 1,304 1,444 3,004 1,604 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,078 1,995 1,082 174 168 480 263 628 615 553 519 1,266 740 **Secured Communities** Community access secured with walls or

fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,759 5,337 5,422 736 566 1,738 1,992 2,339 1,832 1,355 883 4,346 4,175 Special entry system present . . . . . . . . . . . 6,091 2,682 3,410 529 133 940 1,061 1,405 923 613 320 2,651 2,507 Special entry system not present . . . . . . . . 4,653 2,648 2,005 207 433 791 931 934 910 742 559 1,688 1,664 Special entry system not reported . . . . . . . 14 7 7 – – 8 – – – – 3 8 3 Community access not secured . . . . . . . . . . 100,124 70,410 29,714 3,993 6,222 12,152 10,665 20,542 13,696 18,964 24,337 36,821 20,002 Community access not reported . . . . . . . . . . 923 682 242 42 51 104 82 214 211 132 149 418 224 **Secured Multiunits** Multiunit access secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,211 1,357 5,854 328 (X) 1,406 1,133 1,880 1,621 2,043 1,637 1,688 1,843 Multiunit access not secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,741 2,151 14,590 373 (X) 3,622 2,985 2,175 4,292 4,187 3,291 5,314 3,949 Multiunit access not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,963 226 1,737 42 (X) 378 495 401 544 440 297 667 558 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## 26 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-8. 

## Neighborhood—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Senior Citizen Communities** Households with person 55 and

over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,684 36,591 9,093 1,208 2,989 4,975 3,706 23,095 6,408 8,991 10,259 16,945 9,489 Community age restricted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,080 1,457 1,624 145 401 389 241 2,453 782 601 553 1,105 821 No age restriction or restriction not

reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,603 35,134 7,469 1,063 2,588 4,585 3,465 20,642 5,626 8,390 9,706 15,840 8,667 Community age specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,302 8,867 1,435 139 700 1,058 688 5,831 1,298 1,744 2,550 4,206 1,802 Community not age specific . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,683 24,100 5,583 854 1,706 3,174 2,572 13,624 3,873 6,085 6,706 10,591 6,302 Community age specific not reported . . . . 2,618 2,167 451 69 183 352 205 1,187 455 561 449 1,043 564 **Community Quality** Some or all community activities present 1 . . . 49,962 33,117 16,845 2,052 2,272 5,962 5,194 11,087 6,666 9,066 13,917 15,732 11,247 Community center or clubhouse . . . . . . . . 24,410 14,707 9,703 1,298 1,370 3,260 2,474 6,193 3,523 3,967 6,260 8,613 5,569 Golf in community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,709 12,762 3,947 384 528 1,082 1,192 4,015 1,712 3,058 6,507 3,890 3,254 Trails in community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,609 15,300 6,309 1,014 565 2,000 1,975 4,336 2,350 3,815 6,791 6,213 4,791 Shuttle bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,933 5,718 4,215 185 288 1,124 1,249 3,291 1,643 2,308 2,998 2,275 2,352 Daycare center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,883 10,633 5,249 322 441 2,454 1,728 2,938 2,390 3,734 5,844 3,646 2,658 Private or restricted beach, park, or

shoreline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,432 15,124 6,308 733 761 1,979 2,303 4,058 2,431 4,427 7,197 5,092 4,716 **Description of Area Within 300 Feet 1**  Single-family detached houses . . . . . . . . . . . 95,916 68,909 27,007 3,899 5,080 11,377 10,548 19,890 12,500 17,146 22,159 35,417 21,194 Single-family attached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,832 10,973 10,860 810 323 3,870 2,982 3,857 3,498 5,223 4,052 6,962 5,595 Multiunit residential buildings 3. . . . . . . . . . . . 33,635 11,514 22,121 930 578 6,524 5,709 5,779 7,283 7,455 7,311 10,123 8,747 1- to 3-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . . . . 25,143 9,014 16,130 664 525 4,638 4,160 3,951 5,409 3,838 5,936 8,134 7,235 4- to 6-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . . . . 4,937 1,464 3,473 138 34 1,056 914 964 1,023 1,997 739 1,202 1,000 7-or-more-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . 3,172 929 2,243 128 10 746 548 740 739 1,486 543 705 437 Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,388 10,276 3,112 590 5,413 1,272 1,361 3,087 2,472 1,205 2,022 7,346 2,815 Commercial or institutional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,649 16,992 18,657 840 1,336 6,563 5,566 6,183 7,048 8,083 7,766 11,498 8,302 Industrial or factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,376 2,520 2,856 110 342 1,147 954 810 1,289 1,450 1,365 1,627 934 Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch . . . 45,816 33,110 12,706 2,610 4,132 4,658 3,664 9,155 5,705 8,549 11,430 16,958 8,878 4-or-more-lane highway, railroad, or

airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,612 10,380 9,232 566 1,155 3,450 2,748 3,633 3,539 2,994 4,483 7,846 4,289 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,624 1,836 788 111 133 407 233 466 500 460 447 1,150 567 **Bodies of Water Within 300 Feet** Water in area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,656 13,824 4,832 1,050 1,541 1,548 1,332 3,818 1,980 3,548 4,498 8,188 2,422 With waterfront property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,331 2,653 678 166 197 152 187 991 294 555 800 1,595 382 Waterfront property not reported . . . . . . . . 360 266 94 15 24 26 36 83 52 59 81 182 38 With flood plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,622 1,929 692 114 268 232 241 614 300 487 318 1,477 340 Flood plain not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 41 74 21 10 17 20 12 17 18 17 66 15 Water not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 521 156 58 35 107 40 88 141 162 121 209 185 No water in area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,474 62,083 30,390 3,663 5,263 12,339 11,368 19,189 13,618 16,742 20,750 33,189 21,793 **Age of Other Residential Buildings**

**Within 300 Feet** Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,638 7,710 4,928 81 1,138 1,516 1,387 2,918 2,424 2,641 2,791 4,639 2,568 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,613 52,299 23,313 2,557 2,892 9,928 8,987 14,750 9,632 13,485 17,353 27,703 17,071 Newer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,774 7,126 2,648 1,716 1,382 988 876 1,974 1,307 1,886 2,151 3,893 1,844 Very mixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,701 4,582 2,120 81 867 697 722 1,800 1,072 1,225 1,386 2,576 1,515 No other residential buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,316 2,425 891 217 390 262 289 901 520 459 1,005 1,264 589 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,764 2,286 1,478 119 170 603 478 753 783 756 682 1,511 814 **Other Buildings Vandalized or With**

**Interior Exposed Within 300 Feet** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,452 67,919 30,533 4,242 5,762 11,263 11,151 20,573 12,918 18,277 22,080 36,453 21,643 1 building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,246 2,034 1,211 90 265 660 457 575 650 550 727 1,258 711 More than 1 building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,856 2,031 1,825 105 275 1,366 576 529 1,084 637 1,029 1,393 796 No buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,871 2,245 626 195 385 155 217 774 382 345 926 1,104 497 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,381 2,198 1,182 140 153 550 337 644 704 642 607 1,378 754 **Bars on Windows of Buildings Within**

**300 Feet** No bars on windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,406 66,383 27,024 4,267 6,045 9,933 9,012 19,383 11,822 16,564 22,498 35,261 19,083 1 building with bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,108 1,256 851 33 105 377 366 424 422 253 342 824 689 2 or more buildings with bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,101 3,927 5,174 126 135 2,721 2,654 1,618 2,209 2,481 841 2,730 3,049 No buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,871 2,245 626 195 385 155 217 774 382 345 926 1,104 497 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,320 2,617 1,703 151 169 807 490 896 903 808 762 1,667 1,083 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 27 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-8. 

## Neighborhood—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet** No repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,186 44,404 18,782 3,237 2,987 6,701 7,287 13,742 7,666 10,223 13,227 24,274 15,462 Minor repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,976 24,133 12,843 952 2,646 5,391 4,153 6,935 5,750 8,050 9,438 12,555 6,932 Major repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,604 4,375 2,228 336 864 1,221 818 1,389 1,385 1,239 1,762 2,673 930 No streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,678 1,259 419 99 166 182 170 363 255 279 358 636 405 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,362 2,257 1,106 147 174 499 312 665 683 660 583 1,446 672 **Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any**

**Properties Within 300 Feet** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,010 69,415 29,595 4,344 5,953 11,403 10,964 21,173 12,771 17,954 22,740 36,992 21,324 Minor accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,250 3,491 3,759 210 474 1,569 1,081 956 1,762 1,494 1,548 2,386 1,822 Major accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,519 1,426 1,093 81 261 552 428 390 624 438 540 917 623 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,027 2,096 931 136 151 469 267 576 582 565 540 1,290 631 **Parking Lots** With parking lots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,562 14,581 18,981 948 1,272 5,571 4,455 5,907 6,445 6,377 8,678 11,083 7,424 No parking lots within 300 feet . . . . . . . . . . . 75,433 59,870 15,563 3,708 5,433 7,989 8,038 16,660 8,770 13,554 16,201 29,298 16,380 Parking lots not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,811 1,977 833 116 133 434 246 528 523 520 489 1,205 597 **Manufactured/Mobile Homes in Group** Manufactured/mobile homes. . . . . . 6,839 5,418 1,421 301 6,839 643 722 1,537 1,492 540 1,145 3,918 1,236 1 to 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,918 3,952 966 251 4,918 546 399 1,010 1,093 312 707 3,135 764 7 to 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 217 153 19 370 46 64 61 86 46 49 228 48 21 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,550 1,249 301 30 1,550 50 260 465 313 182 389 555 424

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Limited to single attached and multiunits. 3 Figures do not add up because of nonrespondents. 

## —Con.

## 28 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-9. 

## Household Composition—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Population in housing units . . . 283,089 200,336 82,753 13,203 17,068 35,069 41,231 39,508 38,094 50,935 62,940 104,344 64,870 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401** 
**Persons** 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,108 16,777 13,331 977 1,940 4,499 2,171 10,312 6,823 5,829 7,015 11,082 6,182 2 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,086 27,633 9,453 1,557 2,343 3,767 3,019 10,462 3,211 6,550 8,723 13,976 7,837 3 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,568 12,223 5,345 770 960 2,409 2,330 1,576 1,892 3,234 3,644 6,933 3,757 4 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,807 11,791 4,016 881 845 1,855 2,355 417 1,684 2,957 3,626 5,719 3,505 5 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,117 5,207 1,910 348 454 848 1,580 192 1,147 1,226 1,574 2,484 1,833 6 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,577 1,797 780 159 203 353 718 90 532 407 494 880 797 7 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,543 1,000 543 80 93 262 567 45 450 248 293 512 490 **Number of Single Children Under**

**18 Years Old** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,604 50,579 23,026 2,669 4,619 8,399 6,305 22,323 9,426 13,917 16,843 27,138 15,706 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,145 10,796 5,349 781 925 2,477 2,248 503 2,335 2,738 3,467 6,457 3,484 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,934 9,828 4,106 805 724 1,822 2,310 176 1,904 2,502 3,263 5,050 3,119 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,689 3,760 1,928 352 383 866 1,205 69 1,267 990 1,244 2,026 1,429 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,672 1,040 632 119 143 259 439 16 489 204 389 628 451 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 281 222 32 26 115 165 6 196 71 97 187 148 6 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 143 115 14 19 56 69 2 123 29 65 100 64 **Persons 65 Years and Over** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,652 55,429 30,223 4,254 5,078 11,379 10,807 (X) 11,552 15,188 19,500 31,926 19,038 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,640 13,187 4,453 314 1,293 2,097 1,408 14,794 3,561 3,680 3,893 6,461 3,606 2 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,513 7,812 701 203 468 518 524 8,301 625 1,584 1,976 3,198 1,756 **Age of Householder** Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,083 1,284 4,799 310 395 949 955 (X) 2,104 807 1,490 2,399 1,386 25 to 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,614 3,541 5,072 634 410 1,245 1,418 (X) 1,325 1,293 2,053 3,343 1,924 30 to 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,093 5,532 4,561 726 624 1,287 1,712 (X) 1,313 1,653 2,161 3,812 2,467 35 to 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,908 14,932 6,976 1,247 1,259 3,005 3,128 (X) 2,444 4,129 4,798 8,034 4,947 45 to 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,505 17,743 5,762 808 1,427 3,049 2,441 (X) 2,493 4,404 5,387 8,537 5,177 55 to 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,509 14,924 3,585 635 1,186 2,214 1,604 (X) 2,150 3,525 4,115 6,955 3,913 65 to 74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,938 9,818 2,120 295 909 1,374 877 11,938 1,669 2,301 2,729 4,573 2,335 75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,157 8,653 2,503 115 628 872 604 11,157 2,240 2,337 2,635 3,933 2,252 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 52 39 39 50 46 42 74 47 50 48 48 47 Household Composition by Age of** 

**Householder** 2-or-more-person households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,698 59,651 22,047 3,795 4,899 9,494 10,568 12,783 8,915 14,622 18,354 30,503 18,219 Married-couple families, no nonrelatives . . . . 55,817 47,008 8,808 2,912 3,157 4,051 6,323 9,967 3,315 9,923 12,815 20,834 12,245 Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203 495 707 64 118 65 268 (X) 248 141 237 524 301 25 to 29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,320 2,007 1,313 358 167 221 647 (X) 298 441 789 1,312 778 30 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,143 3,646 1,497 473 358 335 889 (X) 335 755 1,158 1,960 1,269 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,504 10,336 2,168 867 619 992 1,799 (X) 719 2,366 2,781 4,546 2,812 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,681 21,352 2,329 930 1,278 1,865 2,092 (X) 1,050 4,428 5,516 8,655 5,082 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,967 9,174 793 220 616 572 628 9,967 665 1,793 2,334 3,837 2,003 Other male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,385 4,712 4,673 327 658 1,237 1,710 813 1,210 1,614 2,054 3,364 2,353 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,800 2,170 3,629 258 364 697 1,220 (X) 763 882 1,312 2,091 1,515 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,773 1,878 895 56 226 389 403 (X) 336 580 575 974 644 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 663 150 14 68 150 87 813 111 152 167 299 194 Other female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,496 7,931 8,565 555 1,084 4,207 2,536 2,004 4,391 3,085 3,485 6,306 3,620 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,066 2,948 6,119 384 538 2,450 1,488 (X) 2,952 1,590 2,082 3,430 1,964 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,426 3,397 2,030 150 403 1,371 824 (X) 1,071 1,109 1,025 2,073 1,219 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,004 1,587 417 22 144 385 224 2,004 368 386 377 802 438 1-person households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,108 16,777 13,331 977 1,940 4,499 2,171 10,312 6,823 5,829 7,015 11,082 6,182 Male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,357 6,770 6,588 438 860 1,940 1,154 2,754 2,577 2,470 3,095 4,816 2,976 Under 45 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,682 2,142 3,540 253 310 912 570 (X) 969 979 1,332 2,075 1,296 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,922 2,810 2,112 136 347 711 391 (X) 1,014 863 1,163 1,796 1,099 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,754 1,818 936 48 203 317 193 2,754 594 629 600 945 581 Female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,750 10,007 6,743 539 1,080 2,560 1,017 7,558 4,246 3,358 3,920 6,266 3,206 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,980 1,547 2,434 261 215 812 332 (X) 902 730 811 1,651 788 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,212 3,231 1,981 172 359 927 335 (X) 1,173 950 1,222 1,994 1,046 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,558 5,230 2,328 106 506 821 350 7,558 2,172 1,678 1,886 2,622 1,371 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 29 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-9. 

## Household Composition—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Adults and Single Children Under 18 Years**

**Old** Total households with children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,201 25,849 12,352 2,102 2,220 5,594 6,434 772 6,313 6,534 8,525 14,447 8,695 Married couples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,451 20,367 5,084 1,599 1,293 2,042 4,116 349 2,028 4,433 5,667 9,313 6,039 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,570 2,644 926 301 165 225 537 47 176 629 708 1,419 813 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . 4,291 3,254 1,037 301 266 376 1,024 42 501 727 904 1,524 1,136 Two or more under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,623 1,946 677 220 92 155 379 4 248 479 664 906 575 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . 1,299 898 401 128 124 102 360 8 265 193 275 478 353 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,669 11,626 2,043 649 646 1,184 1,817 247 839 2,406 3,116 4,985 3,161 Other households with two or more adults . . . 5,905 2,822 3,083 185 439 1,490 1,373 311 1,529 967 1,306 2,272 1,360 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,174 488 686 36 89 217 257 37 256 170 306 478 220 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . 849 367 483 26 56 234 256 17 267 139 193 319 199 Two or more under 6 only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 134 326 13 26 131 112 12 197 89 99 183 89 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . 312 122 190 14 46 98 127 20 142 40 74 133 65 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,109 1,711 1,398 96 221 810 621 224 666 529 634 1,158 788 Households with one adult or none . . . . . . . . 6,845 2,660 4,185 318 487 2,062 945 112 2,756 1,134 1,553 2,863 1,296 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 143 687 15 48 280 102 3 393 107 239 358 126 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . 903 294 609 34 81 341 144 6 440 173 212 364 154 Two or more under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 65 302 12 17 135 71 – 259 55 89 150 73 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . 276 54 221 18 20 129 64 3 207 30 47 154 45 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,469 2,104 2,365 238 321 1,177 564 101 1,457 768 965 1,837 898 Total households with no children . . . . . . . . . . . 73,604 50,579 23,026 2,669 4,619 8,399 6,305 22,323 9,426 13,917 16,843 27,138 15,706 Married couples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,036 27,102 3,934 1,336 1,896 2,031 2,402 9,689 1,367 5,594 7,291 11,744 6,408 Other households with two or more adults . . . 12,874 6,890 5,984 424 848 1,955 1,743 2,322 1,487 2,550 2,599 4,545 3,180 Households with one adult. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,694 16,587 13,108 909 1,874 4,412 2,160 10,312 6,572 5,773 6,953 10,850 6,117 **Own Never-Married Children Under 18 Years**

**Old** No own children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,557 53,128 24,429 2,836 4,932 9,327 6,975 22,981 10,477 14,517 17,629 28,884 16,527 With own children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . 34,249 23,300 10,949 1,935 1,906 4,666 5,764 114 5,262 5,934 7,739 12,701 7,874 Under 6 years only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,154 4,779 3,375 585 382 962 1,310 13 1,341 1,393 1,908 3,091 1,762 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,959 2,784 2,174 346 245 598 798 13 707 816 1,096 1,975 1,072 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,720 1,747 974 190 110 294 442 – 477 506 679 933 602 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 248 227 49 27 69 70 – 157 71 133 182 89 6 to 17 years only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,322 14,229 5,093 857 1,043 2,718 2,838 94 2,422 3,411 4,358 7,101 4,451 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,460 6,848 2,613 335 525 1,478 1,281 73 1,144 1,700 2,020 3,632 2,109 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,070 5,367 1,703 375 358 821 1,092 15 733 1,250 1,670 2,479 1,670 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,792 2,014 778 147 160 420 465 6 544 460 668 991 672 Both age groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,773 4,292 2,480 493 481 987 1,617 7 1,499 1,129 1,473 2,509 1,661 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,048 2,006 1,043 209 189 442 639 5 475 532 679 1,173 664 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,724 2,287 1,438 284 292 545 977 2 1,024 598 793 1,336 996 **Persons Other Than Spouse or Children 1**  With other relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,656 17,454 6,202 676 1,475 3,997 4,316 3,644 3,024 4,721 4,594 8,806 5,535 Single adult offspring 18 to 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,511 10,481 3,030 408 827 2,088 2,215 366 1,478 2,866 2,796 4,861 2,989 Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over . . 3,862 3,148 714 58 235 723 608 2,275 489 768 698 1,542 854 Households with three generations . . . . . . . . . . 3,301 2,342 958 90 197 749 762 569 675 572 586 1,292 850 Households with 1 subfamily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,622 1,837 784 76 173 551 730 466 570 397 452 1,000 772 Subfamily householder age under 30 . . . . . . 1,318 858 459 26 89 343 362 52 340 172 264 557 325 30 to 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,219 906 314 44 82 198 335 413 224 212 171 421 415 65 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 73 11 6 2 9 33 1 6 14 16 22 32 Households with 2 or more subfamilies. . . . . . . 111 74 37 – 4 27 55 10 18 20 22 30 39 Households with other types of relatives . . . . . . 7,165 4,543 2,622 223 488 1,481 1,689 1,172 1,213 1,332 1,213 2,756 1,865 With nonrelatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,717 4,816 5,901 439 825 1,153 1,705 607 1,521 1,819 2,406 3,702 2,790 Co-owners or co-renters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,428 1,000 2,427 165 192 281 440 137 477 505 852 1,079 992 Lodgers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,207 533 674 39 76 86 339 64 144 185 190 436 397 Unrelated children, under 18 years old . . . . . . . 1,133 647 486 36 75 140 166 57 214 180 293 409 250 Other nonrelatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,049 3,160 2,889 229 594 763 996 383 874 1,125 1,326 2,158 1,440 One or more secondary families . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 352 269 21 52 85 119 20 87 92 184 211 133 2-person households, none related to each

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,403 2,440 2,963 253 339 482 539 401 492 985 1,184 1,806 1,428 3-to-8-person households, none related to

each other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 190 672 22 50 64 132 11 184 144 167 292 260 **Educational Attainment of the Householder** Less than 9th grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,257 3,025 2,232 85 691 520 2,516 2,339 1,798 694 762 2,450 1,350 9th to 12th grade, no diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,972 5,517 4,455 228 1,222 1,985 2,089 3,047 3,124 1,763 2,021 4,425 1,763 High school graduate (includes equivalency) . . 34,389 22,665 11,724 1,131 2,957 4,916 3,775 8,155 5,576 6,605 8,819 12,757 6,208 Additional vocational training . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,697 2,553 1,144 151 277 465 332 729 455 602 1,054 1,304 736 Some college, no degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,583 12,659 6,924 868 998 2,877 1,790 3,480 2,693 2,797 4,575 7,220 4,991 Associate’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,244 6,722 2,522 517 519 1,106 736 1,064 826 1,762 2,162 3,208 2,111 Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,077 15,894 5,183 1,229 360 1,752 1,251 2,761 1,204 4,071 4,563 7,440 5,002 Graduate or professional degree . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,285 9,947 2,338 712 92 838 582 2,250 518 2,759 2,465 4,086 2,975 Percent high school graduate or higher . . . . . . . 86.4 88.8 81.1 93.4 72.0 82.1 63.9 76.7 68.7 88.0 89.0 83.5 87.2 Percent bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . 29.8 33.8 21.3 40.7 6.6 18.5 14.4 21.7 10.9 33.4 27.7 27.7 32.7 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## 30 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-9. 

## Household Composition—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Citizenship of Householder** Citizen of the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,356 73,334 31,022 4,481 6,482 13,330 8,527 22,643 14,092 19,064 24,563 38,943 21,786 Naturalized citizen of the United States . . . . . 6,861 4,732 2,129 267 167 669 2,150 1,551 1,062 1,671 795 1,917 2,478 **Year Householder Immigrated to the United**

**States** 2005 to 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,129 156 973 42 64 138 444 20 312 252 179 414 284 2000 to 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,060 659 1,402 105 91 174 1,016 55 421 434 262 783 580 1995 to 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056 998 1,058 122 106 232 1,022 58 429 408 268 755 625 1990 to 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,926 1,037 889 76 70 184 934 95 427 361 231 589 745 1980 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,342 2,175 1,167 112 107 358 1,487 284 522 675 270 1,003 1,393 1979 or before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,797 2,801 996 100 86 248 1,460 1,492 599 928 390 1,014 1,465 **Year Householder Moved Into Unit**
2005 to 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,108 20,126 25,982 4,712 2,609 7,023 6,664 3,507 8,148 7,185 9,917 18,062 10,944 2000 to 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,490 17,520 4,970 31 1,775 2,528 2,733 3,314 2,672 3,912 5,124 8,156 5,298 1995 to 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,131 11,217 1,914 13 1,262 1,391 1,251 2,697 1,352 2,509 3,002 4,793 2,827 1990 to 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,763 7,706 1,057 6 565 926 728 2,047 978 1,720 2,100 3,200 1,742 1985 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,844 5,362 482 6 290 515 447 1,734 590 1,210 1,430 2,057 1,146 1980 to 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,436 3,124 312 3 156 360 262 1,274 433 908 794 1,178 556 1975 to 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,978 3,734 244 – 99 411 256 1,969 430 905 1,039 1,383 651 1970 to 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,698 2,548 151 – 64 312 163 1,835 354 614 641 1,042 401 1960 to 1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,300 3,142 158 – 17 363 142 2,859 431 896 819 1,098 487 1950 to 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,592 1,522 70 – – 135 74 1,441 267 439 391 471 291 1940 to 1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 334 23 – 2 21 19 308 61 116 85 114 42 1939 or earlier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 93 17 – – 8 – 110 24 36 27 32 15 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003 1999 2007 2007 2002 2005 2005 1990 2005 2001 2002 2003 2004**
**Household Moves and Formation in Last**

**Year** Total with a move in last year . . . . . . . 22,726 8,394 14,332 1,809 1,366 3,586 3,703 1,301 4,658 3,186 4,954 8,822 5,764 Household all moved here from one unit . . . . . . 14,975 3,961 11,014 1,412 812 2,645 2,365 836 3,500 2,026 3,219 5,963 3,767 Householder of previous unit did not move

here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,808 460 2,349 148 172 601 507 71 932 380 644 1,149 636 Householder of previous unit moved here . . . 10,898 3,165 7,733 1,165 569 1,875 1,652 709 2,215 1,453 2,325 4,311 2,808 Householder of previous unit not reported . . . 1,269 337 932 100 71 169 207 56 354 193 250 503 323 Household moved here from two or more units . . . 1,691 304 1,387 82 95 204 307 24 237 167 445 561 517 No previous householder moved here . . . . . . 324 42 282 17 21 44 56 – 48 31 90 100 102 1 previous householder moved here . . . . . . . 438 79 359 27 26 43 82 6 57 37 135 170 96 2 or more previous householders moved

here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 156 523 32 39 82 118 11 84 70 158 223 227 Previous householder(s) not reported . . . . . . 251 28 223 7 8 34 51 8 48 29 62 68 92 Some already here, rest moved in . . . . . . . . . . . 6,057 4,129 1,928 315 459 737 1,031 442 921 993 1,289 2,294 1,480 No previous householder moved here . . . . . . 3,336 2,331 1,006 190 268 406 560 137 541 546 759 1,219 812 1 or more previous householders moved

here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,200 1,497 703 108 147 255 362 266 284 321 423 910 546 Previous householder(s) not reported . . . . . . 521 301 220 18 44 76 109 39 96 126 107 166 122 Number of previous units not reported . . . . . . . 4 – 4 – – – – – – – – 4 –
**Households with Disabled Persons** Households without a disabled person . . . . . . . 91,621 62,765 28,856 4,198 5,052 11,375 10,902 14,149 11,139 16,725 20,647 33,901 20,347 Households with a disabled person 1, 2. . . . . . . . 19,182 12,948 6,234 540 1,754 2,477 1,785 8,738 4,381 3,478 4,541 7,232 3,931 Hearing disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,077 4,498 1,578 185 561 412 494 3,581 1,073 1,077 1,472 2,159 1,370 Vision disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,993 1,940 1,053 61 306 413 372 1,383 792 509 612 1,212 661 Mental disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,817 3,498 2,320 208 600 825 561 1,842 1,626 1,022 1,400 2,184 1,211 Physical disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,651 7,880 3,771 319 1,115 1,704 1,039 5,938 2,804 2,118 2,739 4,603 2,192 Self-care disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,969 2,038 931 78 238 462 315 1,439 771 502 641 1,187 638 Go-outside-home disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,206 4,140 2,065 174 550 935 594 3,121 1,614 1,100 1,499 2,340 1,267 Disability not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,003 715 288 33 33 141 52 209 218 247 181 453 122

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Mental, physical, and self-care disabilities are limited to household members at least 5 years of age. Go-outside-home disabilities are limited to household members at least 15 years of age. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 31 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-10. 

## Previous Unit of Recent Movers—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**HOUSEHOLDER MOVED DURING PAST**

**YEAR FROM WITHIN THE UNITED STATES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,763 4,341 12,422 1,511 926 2,901 2,685 868 3,700 2,190 3,686 6,585 4,303**  **Structure Type of Previous Residence** Moved from within the United States. . 16,763 4,341 12,422 1,511 926 2,901 2,685 868 3,700 2,190 3,686 6,585 4,303 House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,531 2,595 5,936 897 438 1,245 1,212 486 1,708 991 1,956 3,391 2,193 Apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,437 1,208 5,228 442 157 1,381 1,253 261 1,490 1,058 1,363 2,373 1,643 Manufactured/mobile home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783 238 545 79 283 79 99 59 238 30 160 433 159 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 119 380 52 16 71 57 37 131 56 124 150 169 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 182 331 41 32 125 65 26 133 55 83 237 138 **Tenure of Previous Residence** House, apartment, manufactured/

mobile home in the United States . . . 15,751 4,041 11,710 1,418 878 2,705 2,563 805 3,435 2,079 3,479 6,198 3,996 Owner occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,023 2,032 2,991 701 322 552 569 431 831 628 1,166 2,026 1,203 Renter occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,728 2,009 8,719 717 556 2,153 1,994 375 2,605 1,450 2,313 4,172 2,793
**Persons—Previous Residence** House, apartment, manufactured/

mobile home in the United States . . . 15,751 4,041 11,710 1,418 878 2,705 2,563 805 3,435 2,079 3,479 6,198 3,996 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,414 579 1,835 234 72 438 232 369 520 336 570 943 565 2 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,390 1,420 2,970 449 247 595 463 336 591 629 903 1,769 1,089 3 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,257 778 2,480 262 190 567 536 54 734 428 788 1,232 809 4 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,733 654 2,080 264 168 494 530 14 638 337 618 1,095 683 5 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,408 353 1,055 121 98 278 320 6 416 178 296 538 396 6 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 122 589 53 50 137 218 12 271 69 139 285 220 7 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 98 469 15 39 132 209 4 220 54 126 218 168 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 38 232 20 13 65 55 9 46 48 38 119 66 **Previous Home Owned or Rented by**

**Someone Who Moved Here** House, apartment, manufactured/

mobile home in the United States . . . 15,751 4,041 11,710 1,418 878 2,705 2,563 805 3,435 2,079 3,479 6,198 3,996 Owned or rented by a mover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,933 3,420 8,513 1,211 626 1,969 1,879 716 2,340 1,572 2,575 4,689 3,098 Owned or rented by other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,463 540 2,923 192 211 684 628 71 1,033 441 851 1,333 838 By a relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,076 303 1,773 85 124 448 348 35 633 238 512 808 518 By a nonrelative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,387 238 1,149 107 86 235 280 36 400 202 340 525 320 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 1 – – 1 – – – 1 – – – Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 80 274 15 41 52 56 18 62 66 53 176 59 **Change in Housing Costs** House, apartment, manufactured/

mobile home in the United States . . . 15,751 4,041 11,710 1,418 878 2,705 2,563 805 3,435 2,079 3,479 6,198 3,996 Increased with move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,590 2,455 5,135 913 269 1,266 1,141 292 1,413 1,060 1,725 2,840 1,965 Decreased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,520 801 3,719 219 335 773 817 234 1,087 550 969 1,807 1,194 Stayed about the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,107 663 2,444 245 227 577 533 223 807 360 694 1,311 743 Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 60 250 23 28 42 57 30 80 68 57 115 69 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 62 161 18 20 47 15 27 48 41 33 125 24

## 32 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-11. 

## Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 . (**X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST YEAR Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,463 4,623 12,840 1,529 960 2,965 2,832 920 3,870 2,294 3,809 6,858 4,502**  **Reasons for Leaving Previous Unit 1**  Private displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 49 393 16 33 50 77 28 114 72 59 162 149 Owner to move into unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 13 129 8 11 9 27 2 33 17 24 56 45 To be converted to condominium or

cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4 20 – – – – – 14 14 – 3 7 Closed for repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2 17 – – 1 6 4 5 1 2 2 15 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 29 225 9 22 38 44 20 62 40 34 99 82 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 2 – – 2 – 2 – – – 2 – Government displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 22 138 19 7 30 46 10 52 13 39 49 60 Government wanted building or land . . . . . . . . 29 8 21 7 3 10 10 4 14 1 4 10 13 Unit unfit for occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 – 13 – 4 3 – – 7 – 3 8 2 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 15 105 12 – 18 36 5 30 11 32 31 44 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – – – Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 24 132 9 17 38 23 10 66 15 23 108 10 New job or job transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,734 408 1,326 215 23 213 238 22 137 172 345 783 434 To be closer to work/school/other . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,026 315 1,711 121 95 286 340 43 494 271 438 763 553 Other, financial/employment related . . . . . . . . . . 829 139 690 50 60 159 199 38 214 107 182 246 294 To establish own household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,163 719 1,445 197 155 385 325 33 502 248 554 826 535 Needed larger house or apartment . . . . . . . . . . . 1,951 589 1,362 233 74 401 402 43 358 286 447 763 455 Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 115 141 23 11 29 37 – 21 31 52 94 80 Widow ed, divorced, or separated . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 154 292 29 39 58 39 53 99 68 132 157 88 Other, family/person related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,649 431 1,218 99 119 205 218 204 395 254 384 630 381 Wanted better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,790 511 1,279 229 62 362 285 88 410 240 460 685 405 Change from owner to renter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 (X) 180 12 7 27 35 10 15 21 32 86 41 Change from renter to owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 775 (X) 105 53 79 89 2 19 86 152 278 259 Wanted lower rent or maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . 1,223 103 1,120 36 68 238 252 77 339 165 267 480 311 Other housing related reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,052 224 828 99 55 212 142 85 272 153 238 381 279 Evicted from residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 21 169 3 33 37 45 16 79 16 43 82 49 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,376 545 1,831 236 114 399 366 254 551 348 490 868 669 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 246 472 44 52 167 88 55 194 99 104 359 156 **Main Reason for Leaving Previous Unit** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 203 450 58 38 89 114 37 114 120 188 205 141 Private displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 5 118 5 9 18 30 – 30 28 9 35 51 Government displacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 8 45 7 3 8 13 4 20 1 10 19 21 Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 24 126 9 13 37 21 10 61 15 21 104 10 New job or job transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590 370 1,220 207 19 191 215 22 125 157 314 719 400 To be closer to work/school/other . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,634 217 1,416 97 75 237 275 38 432 211 342 629 452 Other, financial/employment related . . . . . . . . . . 646 119 527 47 52 125 157 28 176 76 149 191 229 To establish own household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,876 594 1,282 174 146 353 297 23 469 204 484 721 467 Needed larger house or apartment . . . . . . . . . . . 1,534 431 1,103 185 58 328 333 33 296 242 329 600 363 Married, widowed, divorced, or separated . . . . . . 912 284 628 59 63 113 92 44 148 118 224 327 243 Other, family/personal related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,372 368 1,004 85 102 183 188 180 347 225 315 529 303 Wanted better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,186 305 881 140 37 257 195 66 292 160 294 465 266 Change from owner to renter or renter to

owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804 685 120 98 44 86 91 9 28 86 143 307 269 Wanted lower rent or maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . 927 60 867 22 49 190 196 54 274 115 185 384 244 Other housing related reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 168 614 70 48 155 109 57 226 118 187 284 192 Evicted from residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 14 112 3 29 18 35 8 50 11 24 47 43 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,032 484 1,548 202 101 362 314 224 488 277 418 788 548 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065 286 779 62 77 215 159 84 294 129 171 504 261 **Choice of Present Neighborhood 1**  Convenient to job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,207 1,138 4,069 501 178 778 842 69 666 717 1,024 2,185 1,281 Convenient to friends or relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,039 1,030 3,009 247 325 646 738 336 1,002 595 1,017 1,459 967 Convenient to leisure activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,352 380 972 148 44 158 146 53 192 192 302 455 403 Convenient to public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . 928 176 753 63 19 195 179 35 235 188 166 289 285 Good schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,008 637 1,370 166 53 334 392 12 525 285 409 751 563 Other public services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 129 544 63 12 130 124 64 174 88 145 248 192 Looks/design of neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,288 1,242 2,046 419 128 509 501 169 507 386 769 1,280 852 House was most important consideration . . . . . . 2,761 1,238 1,523 358 142 421 392 122 489 346 656 993 767 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,806 875 2,931 314 243 686 510 244 1,084 472 801 1,555 978 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 264 493 60 62 161 99 71 208 106 116 372 163 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 33 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-11. 

## Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 . (**X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Main Reason for Choice of Present**

**Neighborhood** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,905 551 1,354 183 78 284 269 99 356 302 406 695 502 Convenient to job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,535 611 2,924 342 116 521 637 35 431 460 655 1,511 909 Convenient to friends or relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,485 570 1,915 131 270 432 459 255 765 314 650 934 586 Convenient to leisure activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 87 244 29 18 18 30 12 51 44 89 97 102 Convenient to public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . 266 29 237 6 3 73 61 11 94 54 51 78 83 Good schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,087 289 798 79 26 190 213 11 294 175 215 411 287 Other public services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 36 185 20 3 66 48 38 70 30 57 80 54 Looks/design of neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,798 635 1,163 215 79 316 299 99 284 188 426 717 467 House was most important consideration . . . . . . 1,765 801 964 203 100 285 277 89 337 211 451 592 510 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,313 750 2,563 261 209 620 440 201 980 410 693 1,371 839 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 264 493 60 62 161 99 71 208 106 116 372 163 **Neighborhood Search** Looked at just this neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,490 1,590 5,900 519 642 1,191 1,401 532 1,929 1,079 1,571 2,948 1,893 Looked at other neighborhood(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,335 2,802 6,533 966 272 1,619 1,347 327 1,775 1,132 2,143 3,592 2,468 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 231 407 44 47 155 85 62 166 83 95 318 142 **Choice of Present Home 1**  Financial reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,261 1,444 4,817 385 455 1,046 1,064 222 1,551 777 1,457 2,384 1,643 Room layout/design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,633 1,618 3,015 659 139 744 689 255 772 664 1,016 1,734 1,218 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758 321 437 87 41 95 138 32 160 138 190 248 183 Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,677 1,091 2,586 383 152 656 660 155 720 488 883 1,388 917 Exterior appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,619 657 963 189 72 230 242 107 258 227 316 638 438 Yard/trees/view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,987 856 1,131 152 72 199 232 105 266 286 471 759 471 Quality of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,346 674 671 293 41 139 165 82 168 194 328 476 348 Only one available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 107 764 23 73 171 141 73 273 129 171 353 219 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,286 741 2,545 230 178 478 466 223 713 442 656 1,245 943 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 284 540 74 62 185 110 71 207 115 129 407 174 **Main Reason for Choice of Present Home** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,256 808 1,448 257 104 304 315 135 391 349 557 807 544 Financial reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,854 1,008 3,846 248 390 852 886 162 1,294 575 1,139 1,864 1,277 Room layout/design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,540 797 1,743 405 66 467 386 136 455 336 526 995 682 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 33 65 5 1 22 22 6 30 20 28 26 24 Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,775 377 1,398 130 59 378 371 57 386 237 423 700 416 Exterior appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 125 350 42 19 87 91 38 91 58 81 215 121 Yard/trees/view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 287 412 43 31 60 71 46 92 97 151 275 176 Quality of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 186 231 112 15 53 57 15 65 62 91 168 96 Only one available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 76 608 15 60 135 117 60 218 93 128 277 187 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,834 636 2,198 198 153 423 406 193 633 352 556 1,125 801 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 290 540 74 62 185 110 71 213 115 129 407 180 **Home Search** Now in house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,129 3,929 4,200 1,084 (X) 1,143 1,104 368 1,248 934 1,702 3,383 2,110 Did not look at apartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,318 3,430 2,888 934 (X) 816 831 301 851 648 1,328 2,668 1,674 Looked at apartments too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,467 305 1,162 118 (X) 260 238 38 320 232 320 576 339 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 194 150 31 (X) 67 35 29 77 54 54 139 97 Now in manufactured/mobile home . . . . . . . . . . . 960 410 551 32 960 67 150 60 305 50 209 513 188 Did not look at apartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 304 360 22 663 50 110 43 180 32 116 383 133 Looked at apartments too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 69 181 7 250 17 37 3 112 18 89 100 43 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 37 10 3 47 – 3 15 13 – 4 31 12 Now in apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,374 285 8,090 413 (X) 1,756 1,579 491 2,318 1,310 1,898 2,962 2,204 Did not look at houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,907 181 5,726 255 (X) 1,195 1,132 427 1,643 959 1,444 2,029 1,475 Looked at houses too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148 92 2,056 145 (X) 465 396 37 573 303 404 785 656 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 12 308 13 (X) 96 51 27 102 48 50 148 73 **Recent Mover Comparison to Previous**

**Home** Better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,209 3,017 6,192 1,121 446 1,583 1,519 407 1,905 1,195 2,020 3,666 2,328 Worse home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,102 426 2,676 103 209 484 439 128 764 434 686 1,140 843 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,418 920 3,498 242 253 757 784 311 1,018 572 988 1,708 1,150 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 261 474 64 53 142 90 74 183 93 116 344 181 **Recent Mover Comparison to Previous**

**Neighborhood** Better neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,206 2,253 4,953 790 409 1,254 1,226 351 1,515 887 1,492 2,978 1,849 Worse neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,303 347 1,955 103 84 409 310 64 609 306 517 865 615 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,471 1,555 4,916 507 348 1,054 1,061 384 1,394 886 1,525 2,387 1,674 Same neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 179 520 63 67 97 145 47 151 104 133 269 192 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 290 496 66 53 151 91 74 200 111 142 360 173

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 

## —Con.

## 34 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-12. 

## Income Characteristics—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401**
**Household Income** Less than $5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,849 2,539 3,310 152 446 1,553 726 1,661 5,849 1,080 1,244 2,430 1,094 $5,000 to $9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,683 1,884 2,799 117 445 1,123 585 1,653 4,683 843 1,141 1,898 801 $10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,963 2,788 3,175 74 594 1,101 782 2,554 2,861 973 1,400 2,434 1,157 $15,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,062 3,123 2,940 183 644 1,014 884 2,334 1,106 1,046 1,281 2,598 1,137 $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,961 3,110 2,850 147 650 1,012 973 1,918 685 985 1,450 2,386 1,140 $25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,637 4,507 3,131 214 585 1,193 1,133 2,374 448 1,421 1,641 3,097 1,479 $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,966 3,600 2,366 190 586 881 891 1,424 73 911 1,417 2,403 1,235 $35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,593 3,482 2,111 189 434 650 732 1,344 15 906 1,306 2,274 1,106 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,290 6,852 3,438 364 816 1,286 1,317 2,099 19 1,714 2,500 3,894 2,182 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,654 6,328 2,326 338 512 882 984 1,401 – 1,473 2,113 3,191 1,877 $60,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,780 10,535 3,244 728 593 1,259 1,452 1,740 – 2,442 3,344 4,797 3,197 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,073 8,409 1,663 622 269 843 970 967 – 1,859 2,423 3,403 2,388 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,840 6,007 833 438 107 495 517 574 – 1,522 1,443 2,182 1,693 $120,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,456 13,264 1,192 1,016 159 702 792 1,050 – 3,277 2,665 4,600 3,914 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,000 60,000 28,400 70,200 30,000 30,000 37,000 27,000 7,688 50,100 46,309 42,000 53,300** As percent of poverty level: Less than 50 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,499 3,138 4,361 208 589 2,038 1,112 1,820 7,499 1,346 1,562 3,140 1,449 50 to 99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,240 3,267 4,973 161 904 1,826 1,604 2,089 8,240 1,286 1,823 3,555 1,577 100 to 149 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,449 5,456 4,993 261 1,045 1,771 1,859 3,227 (X) 1,649 2,286 4,341 2,173 150 to 199 percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,953 6,692 4,262 402 955 1,653 1,617 3,353 (X) 2,023 2,485 4,378 2,067 200 percent or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,665 57,875 16,790 3,740 3,347 6,705 6,547 12,605 (X) 14,147 17,212 26,172 17,133 **Income of Families and Primary Individuals** Less than $5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,728 2,714 4,014 171 495 1,661 915 1,687 6,219 1,210 1,415 2,745 1,357 $5,000 to $9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,176 2,024 3,152 121 517 1,176 687 1,690 4,712 898 1,286 2,074 918 $10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,377 2,941 3,436 70 660 1,128 814 2,590 2,679 1,017 1,509 2,577 1,274 $15,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,345 3,293 3,053 186 675 1,040 958 2,373 1,008 1,109 1,346 2,713 1,178 $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,310 3,204 3,106 180 677 1,024 1,073 1,908 608 1,066 1,534 2,474 1,236 $25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,943 4,725 3,218 241 591 1,206 1,164 2,383 414 1,472 1,734 3,194 1,543 $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,105 3,710 2,396 205 585 920 843 1,414 72 946 1,464 2,467 1,228 $35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,578 3,567 2,011 187 403 659 710 1,326 10 932 1,271 2,259 1,116 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,132 6,985 3,146 409 782 1,222 1,227 2,061 16 1,703 2,465 3,798 2,166 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,367 6,278 2,089 339 468 815 949 1,391 – 1,482 2,025 3,039 1,822 $60,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,096 10,346 2,751 696 506 1,219 1,346 1,731 – 2,332 3,127 4,596 3,042 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,509 8,100 1,409 594 250 798 870 962 – 1,768 2,250 3,204 2,287 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,458 5,790 668 426 96 451 474 565 – 1,431 1,369 2,044 1,614 $120,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,680 12,751 929 945 134 674 710 1,013 – 3,085 2,574 4,401 3,621 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,200 57,000 25,030 65,200 27,084 28,000 34,000 26,500 7,200 48,500 43,842 40,000 50,000 Income Sources of Families and Primary** 

**Individuals 1**  Wages and salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,121 56,438 25,683 4,037 4,600 9,915 10,284 6,126 5,880 14,703 18,712 30,465 18,242 Wages and salaries were majority of

income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,826 49,803 24,023 3,691 4,112 9,121 9,612 3,284 5,067 13,335 16,775 27,413 16,304 2 or more people each earned over 20

percent of wages and salaries . . . . . . . . . 14,814 11,622 3,191 687 850 1,445 1,716 1,552 329 2,746 3,450 5,468 3,149 Self-employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,966 10,387 2,578 659 550 884 1,154 1,396 917 2,112 2,929 4,487 3,437 Interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,637 21,120 3,517 1,062 642 1,092 1,057 7,961 1,128 5,064 6,197 7,993 5,382 Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,969 8,868 1,100 410 172 364 263 3,362 281 2,029 2,434 3,213 2,293 Rental income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,613 5,127 487 344 134 333 486 1,470 242 1,110 1,260 1,718 1,525 Social Security or Railroad Retirement . . . . . . . 28,043 22,201 5,843 638 2,168 2,919 1,931 20,975 4,501 5,406 6,481 10,649 5,507 Retirement or survivor pensions . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,878 13,755 2,122 453 906 1,465 749 10,550 943 3,073 3,865 5,680 3,260 Supplementary Security Income (SSI) . . . . . . . 4,430 2,081 2,350 95 459 1,102 704 1,334 2,095 817 870 1,710 1,033 Child support or alimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,272 2,350 1,922 204 242 789 559 158 907 660 1,159 1,649 804 Public assistance or public welfare . . . . . . . . . . 2,049 559 1,490 47 210 672 413 236 1,252 434 455 570 589 Food stamp benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,593 1,544 5,050 145 791 2,192 1,220 954 5,071 1,187 1,676 2,728 1,002 Disability payments, workers’ compensation,

veterans’ disability, other disability . . . . . . . . . 5,028 3,421 1,606 191 467 856 454 948 857 968 1,103 1,882 1,074 Other income (VA payments, unemployment,

royalty, estates, and more) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,426 5,056 2,370 322 508 820 704 862 847 1,354 2,159 2,028 1,886 **Food Stamps** Income of $25,000 or less . . . . . . . . . . 32,692 15,042 17,650 788 3,182 6,353 4,787 10,516 15,397 5,625 7,446 13,352 6,269 Family members received food stamps. . . . . . . 6,593 1,544 5,050 145 791 2,192 1,220 954 5,071 1,187 1,676 2,728 1,002 Did not receive food stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,021 12,429 11,592 583 2,280 3,721 3,366 8,993 9,144 4,033 5,394 9,667 4,927 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077 1,069 1,009 60 111 440 200 569 1,183 405 375 956 341

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. .

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 35 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-13. 

## Selected Housing Costs—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,806 76,428 35,378 4,771 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,095 15,739 20,451 25,368 41,586 24,401 Monthly Housing Costs**  Less than $100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 475 248 7 259 154 88 212 315 99 117 265 242 $100 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,889 2,161 728 60 927 538 297 1,168 1,171 282 580 1,454 573 $200 to $249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,114 2,376 738 118 783 414 294 1,483 1,045 393 631 1,629 460 $250 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,619 2,976 643 67 513 474 359 1,565 885 330 789 1,805 696 $300 to $349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,570 2,989 581 84 435 467 274 1,657 713 487 859 1,666 557 $350 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,811 3,033 778 79 347 389 343 1,603 704 518 1,061 1,611 621 $400 to $449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,823 2,830 993 83 275 450 376 1,509 730 536 1,083 1,575 629 $450 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,578 2,478 1,101 83 278 439 328 1,294 703 537 1,061 1,398 582 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,392 4,407 2,985 176 488 1,091 766 2,145 1,344 1,376 1,931 2,929 1,157 $600 to $699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,542 3,735 3,808 129 502 1,279 902 1,761 1,361 1,362 2,007 3,045 1,130 $700 to $799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,306 3,597 3,709 186 515 1,133 889 1,406 1,215 1,256 1,893 2,928 1,228 $800 to $999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,200 7,139 6,060 347 580 2,014 1,921 1,980 1,735 2,409 3,260 5,042 2,489 $1,000 to $1,249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,933 8,156 4,777 541 373 1,784 1,604 1,598 1,268 2,594 3,056 4,646 2,637 $1,250 to $1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,459 6,828 2,631 522 178 1,000 1,091 902 619 1,803 2,182 3,188 2,286 $1,500 to $1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,692 9,445 2,247 832 78 980 1,379 1,010 619 2,444 2,397 3,450 3,401 $2,000 to $2,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,140 5,422 718 512 10 466 633 500 260 1,476 1,037 1,763 1,864 $2,500 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,980 8,383 596 923 51 572 958 820 328 2,208 1,027 2,248 3,496 No cash rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,037 (X) 2,037 23 248 348 239 481 722 341 398 945 352 **Median (excludes no cash rent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 1,000 808 1,451 404 799 935 534 590 1,038 829 800 1,145**  **Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of Current**

**Income 1**  Less than 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,065 2,903 162 99 491 148 206 617 25 413 571 1,276 805 5 to 9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,334 9,614 721 356 1,190 722 644 2,737 70 1,534 2,362 4,538 1,899 10 to 14 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,111 11,147 1,964 420 1,075 1,137 967 3,103 156 2,351 3,380 5,216 2,164 15 to 19 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,210 10,986 3,224 514 683 1,367 1,169 2,644 302 2,543 3,850 5,195 2,622 20 to 24 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,271 9,589 3,682 728 573 1,451 1,319 2,295 350 2,426 3,215 4,817 2,813 25 to 29 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,775 7,167 3,608 652 512 1,333 1,202 1,975 628 2,059 2,432 3,775 2,510 30 to 34 percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,116 5,160 2,956 382 340 1,139 1,185 1,394 642 1,563 1,898 2,755 1,899 35 to 39 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,071 3,753 2,317 296 238 955 759 1,130 564 1,143 1,365 2,105 1,458 40 to 49 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,851 4,529 3,322 449 345 1,157 1,256 1,513 995 1,506 1,505 2,794 2,047 50 to 59 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,859 2,649 2,210 191 226 811 825 972 975 967 932 1,717 1,244 60 to 69 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,099 1,676 1,423 141 148 508 537 670 804 590 625 1,039 845 70 to 99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,795 2,380 2,415 184 226 844 864 1,047 1,793 988 853 1,642 1,311 100 percent or more 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,091 4,016 4,076 258 422 1,604 1,248 2,338 5,816 1,684 1,618 2,871 1,918 Zero or negative income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,119 859 1,261 78 123 471 319 177 1,897 342 364 898 515 No cash rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,037 (X) 2,037 23 248 348 239 481 722 341 398 945 352 **Median (excludes 2 previous lines) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 21 34 26 18 31 32 24 84 26 23 23 27**  **Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) . . . . . . 23 20 31 25 17 28 29 21 49 24 21 22 25 Rent Paid by Lodgers**  Lodgers in housing units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977 372 606 39 74 63 282 44 129 147 162 361 306 Less than $200 per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 71 104 7 35 20 67 5 30 20 37 78 40 $200 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 34 84 3 19 10 42 11 13 2 19 66 32 $300 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 66 93 10 10 7 50 3 20 25 32 46 56 $400 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 65 99 7 3 6 36 8 17 29 23 59 53 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 28 67 2 3 3 25 2 20 9 21 37 28 $600 to $799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 35 58 – – – 29 – 3 14 14 39 26 $800 or more per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 32 74 6 – 8 28 4 14 35 4 13 55 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 40 28 3 5 9 5 12 11 13 13 24 17 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 350 400 (Z) 156 250 350 (Z) 325 450 325 350 400**  **Monthly Cost Paid for Electricity** Electricity used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,746 76,378 35,368 4,763 6,839 13,993 12,739 23,093 15,727 20,431 25,342 41,572 24,401 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,701 442 1,259 34 52 203 324 450 402 194 527 77 903 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,851 4,425 5,426 224 377 1,157 1,549 2,482 1,967 2,333 2,767 990 3,762 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,551 11,016 6,535 528 895 2,069 2,131 4,448 2,778 4,140 4,887 3,719 4,805 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,444 12,975 5,469 728 1,062 2,086 2,095 3,859 2,363 3,599 4,946 5,829 4,070 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,826 21,237 6,589 1,505 1,928 3,287 2,826 5,236 3,180 4,337 6,354 12,534 4,600 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,959 12,164 2,795 844 1,221 1,828 1,428 2,520 1,618 2,052 2,562 8,019 2,325 $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,451 12,110 2,341 730 1,067 2,171 1,455 2,237 1,496 2,372 1,829 8,150 2,099 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 117 84 124 122 112 98 96 93 94 93 135 85** Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free . . . . . . . . 6,964 2,010 4,954 170 237 1,192 931 1,861 1,924 1,402 1,470 2,255 1,836 See footnotes at end of table.

## 36 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2-13. 

## Selected Housing Costs—Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Tenure Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Owner Renter Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Monthly Cost Paid for Piped Gas** Piped gas used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,886 46,700 21,186 2,507 1,723 8,838 8,701 13,548 8,940 13,048 19,005 17,083 18,750 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,856 1,410 2,447 118 104 450 982 724 796 635 289 920 2,013 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,402 7,933 4,469 542 476 1,427 2,292 2,464 1,833 1,006 2,297 3,555 5,544 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,777 11,196 3,581 601 455 1,605 1,993 2,803 1,599 1,320 3,858 4,024 5,575 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,648 8,595 2,054 422 253 1,291 918 2,123 1,073 1,747 3,522 3,205 2,174 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,578 9,694 1,884 482 185 1,297 810 2,439 1,002 3,196 4,546 2,534 1,302 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,341 3,698 643 112 51 714 275 903 414 1,525 1,638 812 366 $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,200 2,682 518 107 30 659 237 673 360 1,268 1,042 621 269 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 80 55 70 58 79 54 75 63 106 89 70 54** Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free . . . . . . . . 7,082 1,494 5,588 123 169 1,394 1,194 1,420 1,863 2,352 1,814 1,410 1,507 **Average Monthly Cost Paid for Fuel Oil** Fuel oil used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,208 6,409 2,800 74 249 912 818 2,369 1,172 7,274 694 1,019 222 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 176 52 – 18 15 4 49 47 102 64 54 9 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 325 70 6 20 23 17 85 54 219 68 96 12 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 490 91 3 40 52 40 165 81 374 63 118 26 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 725 100 5 40 45 22 252 103 546 89 158 32 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,566 1,403 163 12 72 64 81 448 137 1,072 182 249 62 $150 to $199

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161 1,052 108 7 32 58 51 295 78 965 57 117 22 $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,848 1,701 146 16 10 107 76 504 107 1,671 71 90 15 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 133 100 138 96 125 125 125 100 154 100 100 100** Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free . . . . . . . . 2,604 536 2,068 26 17 547 528 571 564 2,325 99 135 45 **Property Insurance** Property insurance paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,711 72,313 9,397 4,116 4,330 7,484 6,372 18,829 6,553 14,462 20,152 30,222 16,874 **Median per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 55 16 52 38 45 50 50 39 51 44 52 54 Monthly Costs Paid for Selected Utilities and** 

**Fuels** Water paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,789 53,552 9,237 3,007 3,111 6,889 6,281 13,128 6,283 9,350 14,380 25,721 13,338 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 38 29 35 30 33 40 33 30 37 33 33 43** Trash paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,525 44,974 7,551 2,686 2,481 4,525 5,193 10,922 4,957 5,357 13,125 20,327 13,716 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 21 20 21 17 22 27 20 20 21 19 21 25**  Bottled gas paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,632 5,902 730 376 977 394 337 1,716 752 1,176 1,632 3,012 812 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 63 54 64 53 56 44 62 57 63 76 59 52** Other fuel paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,786 3,117 669 85 510 248 244 689 403 1,280 500 1,079 926 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 25 25 33 33 25 25 27 30 50 21 17 21**

1 Beginning with 1989, this item uses current income in its calculation; see Appendix A. 2 May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings, or response error. 

## —Con. Contents Introductory Characteristics—Occupied Units 11 —Con. 12 Height and Condition of Building—Occupied Units 13 —Con. 14 Size of Unit and Lot—Occupied Units 15 —Con. 16 Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Occupied Units 17 —Con. 18 Fuels—Occupied Units 19 Failures in Equipment—Occupied Units 20 —Con. 21 Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Occupied Units 22 —Con. 23 Neighborhood—Occupied Units 24 —Con. 25 —Con. 26 —Con. 27 Household Composition—Occupied Units 28 —Con. 29 —Con. 30 Previous Unit of Recent Movers—Occupied Units 31 Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Occupied Units 32 —Con. 33 Income Characteristics—Occupied Units 34 Selected Housing Costs—Occupied Units 35 —Con. 36

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 37 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-1. 

## Introductory Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000**

**.** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions New con struction 4 years Manu

factured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**Total**

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428**  **3,830 5,418**  **6,547 6,439**  **18,472 6,405**  **13,378 18,249**  **29,193 15,607**  **Race and Hispanic Origin**
White alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,935 3,171 4,745 (X) 6,030 16,387 5,026 11,904 16,589 24,114 13,327

Non-Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,905 2,856 4,285 (X) (X) 15,460 4,265 11,450 16,062 21,481 10,912 Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,030 315 460 (X) 6,030 927 761 454 528 2,633 2,416 Black alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,547 364 503 6,547 132 1,460 1,024 903 1,120 4,014 510

Non-Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,415 356 498 6,415 (X) 1,436 1,012 863 1,101 3,955 496 Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 8 5 132 132 24 12 40 19 59 14 American Indian or Alaska Native alone

. . 503 26 62 (X) 108 98 69 32 82 138 250 Asian alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,516 217 14 (X) 32 306 165 444 309 558 1,206 Pacific Islander alone 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 18

– (X) 14 32 25 7 9 24 101 Two or more races

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 34 94 (X) 123 189 96 89 140 344 213 Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2

. . . . . . . . . . 6,439 339 490 132 6,439 995 810 522 589 2,788 2,540 **Units in Structure** 1, detached

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,324 3,067 (X) 5,100 5,249 14,990 4,732 10,439 15,964 23,924 12,998 1, attached

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952 324 (X) 594 298 961 343 1,294 682 1,265 711 2 to 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353 41 (X) 165 185 396 97 607 251 221 274 5 to 9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 38 (X) 43 69 150 64 114 102 186 230 10 to 19

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 26 (X) 42 41 121 53 75 102 166 140 20 to 49

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 17 (X) 44 45 169 36 133 64 177 124 50 or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 46 (X) 57 62 306 71 281 142 181 164 Manufactured/mobile home or trailer

. . . . . 5,418 272 5,418 503 490 1,379 1,009 436 943 3,072 966 **Cooperatives and Condominiums** Cooperatives

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 1 23 60 28 165 29 305 51 49 24 Condominiums

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,399 301 15 237 397 1,253 355 844 935 1,297 1,323 **Year Structure Built 3, 5** 
2005 to 2009

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,601 3,830 301 419 413 390 204 387 797 2,342 1,075 2000 to 2004

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,371 (X) 650 503 613 852 417 555 1,348 3,021 1,447 1995 to 1999

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,221 (X) 1,272 484 463 1,128 430 607 1,269 3,022 1,324 1990 to 1994

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,715 (X) 607 322 387 846 298 494 1,066 2,017 1,137 1985 to 1989

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,159 (X) 511 337 356 1,058 368 884 970 2,202 1,102 1980 to 1984

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,201 (X) 545 297 367 904 410 448 727 2,067 960 1975 to 1979

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,471 (X) 532 527 592 1,827 664 906 1,708 3,135 1,722 1970 to 1974

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,696 (X) 595 529 513 1,736 542 791 1,260 2,439 1,205 1960 to 1969

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,917 (X) 263 860 713 3,109 828 1,664 2,132 3,277 1,844 1950 to 1959

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,528 (X) 48 757 878 2,750 772 1,969 2,306 2,559 1,693 1940 to 1949

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,423 (X) 48 588 508 1,295 516 1,063 1,123 1,370 867 1930 to 1939

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,904 (X) 46 355 229 740 342 787 860 733 524 1920 to 1929

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,520 (X) (X) 261 213 609 218 854 909 414 342 1919 or earlier

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,703 (X) (X) 308 195 1,228 395 1,970 1,774 593 366 **Median**

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975**  **2007 1991**  **1971 1975**  **1968 1971**  **1960 1970**  **1980 1978**  **Metropolitan/Nonmetropolitan Areas** Inside metropolitan statistical areas

. . . . . 60,102 3,150 2,961 5,691 5,791 13,676 4,708 11,575 13,063 22,085 13,380

In central cities

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,809 930 434 2,617 2,328 4,219 1,706 2,549 3,999 6,425 4,836 Suburbs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,294 2,220 2,527 3,074 3,462 9,457 3,001 9,026 9,064 15,660 8,544 Outside metropolitan statistical areas

. . . . 16,326 680 2,457 857 649 4,796 1,697 1,803 5,187 7,108 2,227 **Regions**
Northeast

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,378 317 436 903 522 3,368 875 13,378 (X) (X) (X) Midwest

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,249 642 943 1,120 589 4,277 1,310 (X) 18,249 (X) (X) South

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,193 1,972 3,072 4,014 2,788 7,239 3,090 (X) (X) 29,193 (X) West

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,607 899 966 510 2,540 3,588 1,130 (X) (X) (X) 15,607

See footnotes at end of table.

## 38 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-1. 

## Introductory Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000**

**.** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions New con struction 4 years Manu

factured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Place Size 4**  Less than 2,500 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,982 156 391 187 207 1,093 267 553 1,598 1,341 490 2,500 to 9,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,298 412 501 582 763 2,345 799 1,667 2,319 3,362 1,950 10,000 to 19,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,314 197 143 448 472 1,459 421 1,178 1,861 2,426 849 20,000 to 49,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,643 295 210 891 954 2,406 777 1,514 2,587 3,104 2,437 50,000 to 99,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,549 271 140 535 832 1,446 473 957 1,792 1,567 2,232 100,000 to 249,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . 5,108 136 78 629 570 1,185 445 451 979 1,686 1,992 250,000 to 499,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . 3,329 203 67 426 489 620 262 140 616 1,288 1,285 500,000 to 999,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . 2,073 92 37 432 436 548 214 77 406 909 681 1,000,000 persons or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,928 58 9 707 450 766 364 1,274 546 467 641

1 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. 2 Because Hispanics may be any race, data can overlap slightly with other groups. Most Hispanics report themselves as White, but some report themselves as Black or in other categories. 3 For manufactured/mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier. 4 Does not add up to total because not all populations reside in a place; see Appendix A. 5 Median is estimated from the printed distribution; see Appendix A. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 39 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-2. 

## Height and Condition of Building—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Stories in Structure**  **1** 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,216 1,053 (X) 2,684 3,531 7,499 2,740 807 2,882 15,155 7,372 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,210 1,709 (X) 1,611 1,552 5,717 1,555 4,404 7,633 7,671 5,502 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,721 702 (X) 1,482 698 3,102 925 6,333 6,072 2,846 1,469 4 to 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,349 68 (X) 225 128 589 134 1,193 630 324 202 7 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 25 (X) 43 39 186 43 205 88 124 97 **Stories Between Main and Apartment Entrances** Multiunits, 2 or more floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,458 160 (X) 329 340 1,019 276 1,181 628 815 835 None (on same floor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,187 29 (X) 97 106 322 83 399 187 270 330 1 (up or down) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 53 (X) 102 103 268 64 306 165 200 239 2 or more (up or down) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,361 78 (X) 130 132 429 128 476 275 344 265
**Elevator on Floor** Multiunits, 2 or more floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,458 160 (X) 329 340 1,019 276 1,181 628 815 835 With 1 or more elevators working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045 63 (X) 79 86 427 80 356 180 284 225 With elevator, none in working condition . . . . . . . . . . 11 – (X) – 3 2 – – 2 5 4 No elevator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403 97 (X) 250 252 590 196 825 446 525 607 Units, 3 or more floors from main entrance . . . . . . 133 5 (X) 19 11 19 13 52 52 12 18
**Foundation** 1-unit building, excluding manufactured/

mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,276 3,391 (X) 5,694 5,547 15,951 5,075 11,732 16,645 25,189 13,709 With basement under all of building . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,821 986 (X) 1,897 901 5,350 1,447 8,056 10,066 3,805 1,893 With basement under part of building . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,350 113 (X) 363 254 1,824 463 2,017 2,941 1,398 993 With crawl space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,783 554 (X) 1,348 1,167 3,914 1,259 655 2,123 7,715 4,290 On concrete slab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,431 1,717 (X) 2,026 3,113 4,568 1,764 927 1,371 11,758 6,374 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 20 (X) 59 113 295 143 77 145 512 159 **External Building Conditions 2**  Sagging roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370 – 199 196 115 252 270 252 350 561 207 Missing roofing material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,682 52 254 415 338 747 493 564 1,073 1,401 644 Hole in roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 3 220 194 118 210 210 141 258 465 165 Missing bricks, siding, or other outside wall

material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,661 17 193 225 128 289 309 315 486 569 291 Sloping outside walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781 7 146 172 63 207 144 116 204 354 107 Boarded up windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 8 96 112 84 131 119 62 136 268 93 Broken windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,112 30 377 236 242 304 346 274 591 809 438 Bars on windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,616 14 54 739 743 835 363 281 353 1,188 794 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole . . . . 1,687 15 48 191 111 319 209 316 631 468 272 None of the above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,037 3,456 4,357 4,468 4,469 14,563 4,292 10,243 14,471 23,268 12,055 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,832 92 101 174 129 407 279 327 340 792 374 **Previous Occupancy** Unit built 1990 or later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,908 3,830 2,829 1,728 1,876 3,215 1,349 2,042 4,480 10,403 4,982 Not previously occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,515 2,953 1,506 897 795 1,737 545 1,053 2,326 5,158 1,978 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 36 – 18 17 27 16 45 39 104 53 **Site Placement** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,418 272 5,418 503 490 1,379 1,009 436 943 3,072 966 First site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,002 242 4,002 405 368 1,135 716 348 620 2,280 755 Moved from another site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,047 30 1,047 88 71 207 226 71 223 630 123 Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 – 97 – 5 17 16 6 31 35 25 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 – 272 9 45 19 50 11 69 128 64 **Manufactured/Mobile Home Size** Manufactured/mobile homes. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,418 272 5,418 503 490 1,379 1,009 436 943 3,072 966 Single-wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,867 122 2,867 242 313 652 634 277 599 1,643 347 Double-wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,444 148 2,444 249 167 673 367 159 338 1,375 572 Triple-wide or larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 3 103 13 11 53 8 – 2 55 47 Size not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 4 – – – – – 4 – – **Manufactured/Mobile Home Tiedowns** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,418 272 5,418 503 490 1,379 1,009 436 943 3,072 966 Anchored by tiedowns, bolts, or other means . . . . . . 4,914 253 4,914 476 442 1,240 886 344 874 2,900 796 Not anchored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 19 426 23 43 127 87 80 65 143 137 Anchoring not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 – 78 4 5 12 36 12 4 29 32 See footnotes at end of table.

## 40 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-2. 

## Height and Condition of Building—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Manufactured/Mobile Home Setup** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,418 272 5,418 503 490 1,379 1,009 436 943 3,072 966 Set on permanent masonry foundation . . . . . . . . . . . 1,158 33 1,158 93 56 341 135 104 260 575 219 Resting on concrete pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870 68 870 21 90 235 153 116 283 249 223 Up on blocks, but not on concrete pad . . . . . . . . . . . 3,251 163 3,251 377 326 774 695 207 369 2,195 480 Setup in some other way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4 99 8 16 24 18 8 24 34 33 Setup not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4 40 3 3 5 7 1 8 19 11

1 Figures exclude manufactured/mobile homes. 2 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. Figures do not include multiunit structures. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 41 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-3. 

## Size of Unit and Lot—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607**
**Rooms**
1 room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5 3 – 3 3 7 5 7 3 11 2 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3 5 6 9 16 28 21 3 24 21 3 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036 41 100 90 82 358 184 303 220 230 283 4 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,475 147 1,349 401 691 2,037 1,067 1,147 1,576 2,379 1,372 5 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,232 825 2,028 1,635 1,731 4,698 1,968 2,431 4,151 7,052 3,598 6 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,364 821 1,213 2,004 1,841 5,128 1,616 3,645 4,582 8,234 3,903 7 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,754 739 531 1,263 1,092 3,312 875 2,815 3,552 5,498 2,890 8 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,410 628 139 682 559 1,746 394 1,789 2,344 3,304 1,973 9 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,130 323 32 295 242 670 174 714 1,086 1,404 926 10 rooms or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,933 298 19 172 190 503 91 509 728 1,067 629 **Rooms Used for Business** Business only 1 or more rooms with direct access. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,120 342 601 523 433 1,596 676 944 1,347 2,658 1,171 1 or more rooms, no direct access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,359 409 154 454 395 723 284 801 1,180 1,929 1,449 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 39 23 25 8 102 83 94 95 257 90
Business and other use 1 or more rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,629 925 677 1,059 962 2,362 889 2,148 3,493 5,331 3,657 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 43 23 28 11 106 81 113 116 261 90
**Bedrooms**
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5 5 – 5 7 10 16 10 5 14 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,714 43 142 140 124 602 282 526 366 409 413 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,471 400 1,854 902 1,197 4,530 1,795 2,595 3,444 4,487 2,945 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,723 1,746 2,938 3,752 3,360 9,626 3,147 6,457 9,413 16,501 7,353 4 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,475 1,636 479 1,753 1,754 3,707 1,171 3,785 5,017 7,791 4,883 **Complete Bathrooms**
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 3 13 17 10 53 51 25 51 72 27 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,767 106 1,286 1,681 1,607 4,714 2,374 3,705 4,668 4,955 2,440 1 1/2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,081 112 535 1,277 821 3,547 1,061 3,411 3,875 2,957 1,838 2 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,405 3,610 3,584 3,573 4,002 10,159 2,919 6,237 9,656 21,211 11,302 **Square Footage of Unit** Single detached and manufactured/mobile

homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,742 3,339 5,418 5,603 5,739 16,368 5,741 10,875 16,907 26,996 13,964 Less than 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 6 114 42 52 112 66 58 86 146 93 500 to 749 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085 10 452 83 173 338 257 182 264 493 146 750 to 999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,519 67 1,052 316 469 943 632 493 986 1,391 650 1,000 to 1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,978 434 1,956 1,507 1,504 3,857 1,670 1,828 3,684 6,193 3,273 1,500 to 1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,284 593 916 1,252 1,453 3,959 1,224 2,248 3,672 6,585 3,778 2,000 to 2,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,057 618 288 759 818 2,801 666 1,896 3,054 4,677 2,429 2,500 to 2,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,622 430 108 398 329 1,320 252 1,162 1,529 2,623 1,308 3,000 to 3,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,391 634 51 384 349 1,196 256 1,069 1,617 2,400 1,304 4,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,787 391 103 295 185 790 195 751 951 1,442 644 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,638 157 379 566 408 1,051 521 1,189 1,063 1,047 339 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800 2,400 1,200 1,656 1,600 1,764 1,470 2,000 1,800 1,800 1,800**  **Lot Size**
1-unit structures 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,643 3,472 5,380 6,095 5,874 16,769 5,917 11,742 17,073 27,712 14,116 Less than 1/8 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,107 474 1,059 1,077 1,250 2,209 896 1,710 2,075 2,581 2,742 1/8 up to 1/4 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,771 795 657 1,802 2,284 4,128 1,521 2,305 4,371 5,693 5,401 1/4 up to 1/2 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,837 730 375 1,208 1,035 3,099 979 2,176 3,655 5,493 2,513 1/2 up to 1 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,874 366 534 769 466 2,035 587 1,803 1,818 4,262 991 1 up to 5 acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,895 780 1,936 1,028 640 3,525 1,351 2,771 3,281 7,204 1,638 5 up to 10 acres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,545 176 390 88 87 565 208 424 693 1,012 416 10 acres or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,614 152 428 122 112 1,208 375 551 1,181 1,466 416 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 .32 0 .32 1 .00 0 .25 0 .17 0 .32 0 .29 0 .39 0 .32 0 .50 0 .19 Persons per Room**  0.50 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,341 2,823 3,833 4,747 3,462 17,430 4,809 9,972 13,780 22,278 11,312 0.51 to 1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,082 971 1,422 1,697 2,539 1,011 1,327 3,284 4,296 6,496 4,006 1.01 to 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 34 153 94 391 31 244 117 161 381 264 1.51 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3 10 9 48 – 26 6 13 39 26 See footnotes at end of table.

## 42 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-3. 

## Size of Unit and Lot—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Persons per Bedroom** 0.50 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,004 1,058 1,595 2,116 1,177 8,694 2,962 3,722 5,204 8,719 4,359 0.51 to 1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,173 1,988 2,470 2,952 2,692 8,874 2,100 6,520 9,069 14,905 7,679 1.01 to 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,733 573 778 977 1,255 503 559 2,056 2,685 3,834 2,159 1.51 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,475 206 570 502 1,310 394 774 1,064 1,282 1,731 1,397 No bedrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5 5 – 5 7 10 16 10 5 14 **Square Feet per Person** Single detached and manufactured/mobile

homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,742 3,339 5,418 5,603 5,739 16,368 5,741 10,875 16,907 26,996 13,964 Less than 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955 49 292 124 335 77 233 128 190 409 227 200 to 299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,899 55 498 288 714 189 429 371 680 1,093 756 300 to 399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,932 166 681 446 701 417 446 706 1,163 1,943 1,120 400 to 499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,933 257 527 464 653 672 341 876 1,497 2,227 1,333 500 to 599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,018 216 491 512 507 830 367 955 1,554 2,240 1,269 600 to 699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,333 297 470 443 443 1,130 312 953 1,528 2,558 1,294 700 to 799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,257 337 391 412 370 1,194 330 710 1,290 2,157 1,099 800 to 899 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,255 218 302 272 276 1,005 239 648 995 1,665 948 900 to 999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,181 191 298 277 225 1,203 293 570 1,043 1,625 943 1,000 to 1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,289 756 703 918 659 4,290 1,073 1,963 3,285 5,459 2,583 1,500 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,052 641 385 883 448 4,310 1,155 1,806 2,619 4,576 2,052 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,638 157 379 566 408 1,051 521 1,189 1,063 1,047 339 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 894 600 750 533 1,050 840 800 800 800 750** 

1 Does not include cooperatives or condominiums. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 43 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-4. 

## Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Equipment**  **1** Lacking complete kitchen facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 13 22 29 53 99 65 106 83 120 69 With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven or

burners) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,050 3,817 5,396 6,518 6,386 18,373 6,340 13,272 18,167 29,074 15,538 Kitchen sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,329 3,827 5,409 6,537 6,423 18,437 6,386 13,350 18,221 29,158 15,601 Refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,336 3,821 5,409 6,540 6,435 18,451 6,384 13,364 18,232 29,151 15,589 Cooking stove or range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,153 3,824 5,382 6,522 6,408 18,402 6,331 13,344 18,194 29,084 15,530 Burners, no stove or range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 – 12 2 13 26 11 14 11 50 34 Microwave oven only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 2 20 18 14 28 47 16 30 45 36 Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,191 3,651 2,912 3,579 3,722 12,351 3,298 9,885 12,704 21,879 12,723 Washing machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,826 3,780 5,169 6,142 6,081 17,696 5,963 12,576 17,763 28,400 15,088 Clothes dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,562 3,771 5,056 5,806 5,783 17,191 5,599 12,221 17,620 27,858 14,864 Disposal in kitchen sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,597 2,786 903 2,570 3,485 8,512 2,159 4,110 9,911 14,506 12,071 Trash compactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,166 249 39 261 254 799 150 375 500 1,265 1,026 Air conditioning: 2 Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,647 3,442 3,589 4,482 4,500 12,505 3,860 5,371 14,165 25,902 9,209 Additional central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,709 516 221 358 414 884 307 298 572 3,018 821 1 room unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,303 49 591 537 342 1,670 760 1,820 1,324 819 1,340 2 room units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,800 59 541 542 410 1,310 598 2,250 1,071 1,121 358 3 room units or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,604 24 208 481 362 791 275 2,109 422 902 171 **Safety Equipment 1**  Working smoke detector Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,797 3,730 5,032 6,092 5,749 16,858 5,531 12,821 17,411 26,833 14,733 Powered by: Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,620 337 683 492 399 1,505 516 1,103 1,081 2,317 1,119 Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,210 1,186 2,666 4,099 3,967 11,264 3,809 8,094 11,393 15,160 8,564 Both . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,461 2,143 1,652 1,458 1,361 3,900 1,146 3,547 4,852 9,127 4,935 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 64 31 43 23 190 60 77 85 230 115 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,686 67 336 413 647 1,343 744 389 660 1,908 729 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945 33 50 43 42 271 130 169 179 452 145 Batteries replaced in last 6 months 3 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,073 2,298 3,215 4,094 4,107 11,405 3,737 9,533 12,680 18,220 9,641 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,678 1,008 1,027 1,404 1,162 3,513 1,150 1,962 3,322 5,737 3,657 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 23 75 59 59 245 69 147 243 330 200 Fire extinguisher purchased or recharged in the last

2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,922 1,914 2,469 3,095 2,567 8,329 2,702 7,146 8,860 14,434 7,481 Sprinkler system inside home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,086 358 46 220 180 456 150 295 308 766 717 Working carbon monoxide detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,691 1,579 1,264 2,453 1,727 7,020 1,971 8,757 10,421 8,130 4,383 **Main Heating Equipment** Warm-air furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,691 2,701 3,986 4,336 4,196 11,881 3,987 6,459 15,653 17,862 11,717 Steam or hot water system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,494 80 20 649 344 2,083 524 5,541 1,072 388 494 Electric heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,764 877 832 844 843 2,222 716 260 547 7,995 962 Built-in electric units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120 44 62 118 106 627 165 545 460 502 612 Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air units without ducts . . . 2,043 54 112 174 486 602 302 200 177 678 987 Room heaters with flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 13 48 78 33 253 120 71 69 303 138 Room heaters without flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 8 94 218 132 286 188 13 29 633 19 Portable electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 6 119 71 152 143 152 8 43 364 120 Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 14 80 27 44 197 143 213 132 266 234 Fireplaces with inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 – 2 8 9 55 4 21 34 32 68 Fireplaces without inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 – 5 2 3 16 5 3 6 16 11 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 20 42 13 30 49 55 41 28 106 57 Cooking stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 – 7 4 26 17 15 – – 29 5 None

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 14 8 7 35 42 29 3

– 19 183

See footnotes at end of table.

## 44 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-4. 

## Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Other Heating Equipment 1** 
Warm-air furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 12 16 5 4 49 16 47 55 53 70 Steam or hot water system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3 – 2 – 12 5 27 18 4 3 Electric heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 9 13 2 8 26 – 9 31 31 20 Built-in electric units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,428 46 61 95 76 381 125 256 331 492 348 Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air units without ducts . . . 63 14 – – 4 18 7 9 13 28 13 Room heaters with flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 19 51 47 24 220 56 186 122 273 136 Room heaters without flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,207 20 207 114 46 335 154 184 315 611 98 Portable electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,886 292 675 966 759 2,570 891 1,533 3,130 3,240 1,983 Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,740 85 238 126 154 942 270 1,142 806 890 901 Fireplaces with inserts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,742 316 260 263 175 1,002 182 660 1,035 1,751 1,297 Fireplaces without inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,869 345 154 455 427 909 328 499 803 2,213 1,354 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 48 52 18 16 163 15 177 170 205 155 Cooking stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2 3 – 3 18 3 7 9 26 7 None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,171 2,708 3,814 4,653 4,877 12,422 4,454 9,041 11,972 20,356 9,802 **Plumbing** With all plumbing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,852 3,830 5,381 6,466 6,396 18,285 6,311 13,225 18,122 28,994 15,510 Lacking some or all plumbing facilities 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 – 37 81 43 187 94 153 127 199 97 No hot piped water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 – 3 14 3 20 22 5 14 30 6 No bathtub and no shower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 – – 3 1 14 20 3 11 24 – No flush toilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 – – 3 – 11 19 2 13 19 3 No exclusive use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 – 33 67 38 165 64 147 111 162 87 **Primary Source of Water** Public system or private company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,372 3,238 3,733 6,117 6,050 15,385 5,356 10,416 14,720 24,892 14,345 Well serving 1 to 5 units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,769 580 1,635 422 373 2,991 998 2,904 3,479 4,164 1,222 Drilled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,772 495 1,447 372 352 2,753 902 2,615 3,234 3,781 1,142 Dug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 34 131 44 18 202 86 219 162 257 62 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 51 57 7 3 36 9 70 84 126 17 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 12 50 8 16 95 52 58 50 138 41 **Safety of Primary Source of Water** Selected primary water sources 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,406 3,827 5,418 6,541 6,426 18,468 6,402 13,378 18,249 29,184 15,594 Safe to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,152 3,507 4,865 5,942 5,334 17,478 5,689 12,571 17,368 27,081 14,132 Not safe to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,530 267 490 568 1,058 816 591 661 773 1,798 1,299 Safety not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724 53 63 31 34 174 121 146 109 305 164 **Source of Drinking Water** Primary source not safe to drink . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,530 267 490 568 1,058 816 591 661 773 1,798 1,299 Drinking and primary water source the same . . . . . . . . . 976 62 91 124 161 200 131 177 207 392 200 Public or private system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941 58 85 124 156 192 131 168 194 379 200 Individual well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4 6 – 5 8 1 9 13 13 – Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Cistern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Stream or lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Drinking and primary water source different . . . . . . . . . . 3,554 205 398 444 897 616 460 484 566 1,406 1,098 Public or private system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – – – – – – 5 – 3 – Individual well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 – 7 2 4 11 1 4 4 10 7 Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3 6 11 6 14 16 30 6 26 6 Cistern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 – 3 – 6 4 5 2 2 3 10 Stream or lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 – – – – 1 – 1 3 – Commercial bottled water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,620 148 336 364 717 462 387 333 416 1,070 800 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 51 46 67 163 126 49 109 137 291 275 Source of drinking water not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – **Means of Sewage Disposal**
Public sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,736 2,700 2,363 5,702 5,697 13,296 4,670 9,662 13,797 20,173 13,103 Septic tank, cesspool, or chemical toilet . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,667 1,130 3,055 842 742 5,170 1,724 3,716 4,447 9,004 2,500 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 – – 3 – 6 12 – 5 16 3

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Includes only those who responded they had some type of air conditioning. 3 Restricted to units with smoke detector powered by both electricity and batteries, or batteries only. 4 Excludes units where primary source of drinking water is commercial bottled water. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 45 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-5. 

## Fuels—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Main House Heating Fuel**  Housing units with heating fuel . . . . . . . . 76,222 3,816 5,410 6,540 6,404 18,430 6,376 13,375 18,249 29,174 15,424 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,219 1,750 2,847 2,175 2,203 5,045 2,211 1,140 2,112 15,644 3,323 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,233 1,726 1,147 3,632 3,724 9,750 2,903 6,596 13,353 10,386 10,897 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,889 231 881 296 183 1,400 511 554 1,881 1,788 665 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,693 47 124 338 206 1,675 430 4,416 438 696 143 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 18 249 57 27 131 105 200 8 218 18 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 3 – – – 11 5 75 8 3 6 Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 28 157 41 59 377 199 375 385 406 338 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 – – – 2 – 3 2 – 3 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 9 6 1 3 40 11 16 62 33 31 **Cooking Fuel** With cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,388 3,826 5,413 6,541 6,435 18,456 6,388 13,374 18,234 29,179 15,601 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,512 2,227 3,452 3,442 2,806 11,552 3,640 6,291 10,351 21,255 7,614 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,553 1,348 1,016 2,804 3,372 5,742 2,218 5,853 6,810 6,427 7,463 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,274 247 942 295 255 1,153 522 1,220 1,056 1,482 516 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – – – – 3 – 3 4 – – Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – 4 – 2 2 8 1 2 12 2 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4 – 1 1 4 – 6 11 3 6 **Water Heating Fuel** With hot piped water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,371 3,830 5,415 6,533 6,436 18,450 6,383 13,371 18,235 29,164 15,601 Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,341 1,710 4,076 2,651 2,082 7,500 3,031 3,000 4,772 18,029 3,539 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,280 1,814 886 3,574 4,058 9,226 2,808 6,744 12,240 9,975 11,322 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,365 251 424 162 164 805 334 577 1,140 1,006 642 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,087 32 10 136 122 835 198 2,956 27 104 – Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4 7 4 – 5 1 11 – 5 2 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 – – – – 3 3 17 3 3 – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 10 9 – – 19 5 38 43 10 6 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 5 – 6 7 46 3 14 5 21 81 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4 2 – 3 10 – 13 6 11 9 **Central Air Conditioning Fuel** With central air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . 54,647 3,442 3,589 4,482 4,500 12,505 3,860 5,371 14,165 25,902 9,209 Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,098 3,343 3,536 4,337 4,404 12,085 3,728 5,039 13,676 25,594 8,789 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353 82 20 136 93 367 105 296 430 252 375 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 17 32 10 2 53 27 37 58 56 44 **Other Central Air Fuel** With other central air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,709 516 221 358 414 884 307 298 572 3,018 821 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,563 501 218 341 406 846 289 276 547 2,947 794 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 15 3 17 8 38 18 21 25 68 19 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 – – – – – – 1 – 3 8 **Clothes Dryer Fuel** With clothes dryer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,562 3,771 5,056 5,806 5,783 17,191 5,599 12,221 17,620 27,858 14,864 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,059 3,031 4,615 4,547 3,916 13,177 4,479 8,179 11,887 25,526 9,467 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,326 680 316 1,230 1,827 3,677 1,042 3,635 5,370 2,108 5,212 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,178 60 124 29 40 337 78 407 362 224 184 **Units Using Each Fuel 1**  Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,378 3,822 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,470 6,397 13,364 18,223 29,183 15,607 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,700 2,125 1,306 4,263 4,486 10,939 3,443 7,819 13,959 12,638 12,284 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,391 441 1,343 463 337 2,302 864 1,724 2,370 3,332 966 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,409 55 212 373 229 1,887 513 4,846 550 845 167 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 18 249 57 27 133 105 203 12 218 18 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 3 – – – 11 5 78 8 6 6 Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,510 28 161 41 59 377 203 375 385 412 338 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 8 – 6 7 48 3 17 8 21 84 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 19 6 6 17 71 12 49 83 63 59 All electric units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,951 1,331 2,541 1,744 1,506 4,200 1,772 840 1,611 13,268 2,232

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

## 46 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-6. 

## Failures in Equipment—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Water Supply Stoppage**  With hot and cold piped water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,371 3,830 5,415 6,533 6,436 18,450 6,383 13,371 18,235 29,164 15,601 No stoppage in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,494 3,687 4,956 6,381 6,280 17,819 6,061 12,888 17,566 28,034 15,007 With stoppage in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,031 93 414 102 123 427 189 337 519 713 461 No stoppage lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 8 87 13 26 104 38 71 95 161 112 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100 40 213 52 60 219 92 160 337 381 223 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 18 25 21 23 57 8 66 44 92 48 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 27 28 3 5 12 7 8 19 36 35 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 – 52 10 7 32 34 29 16 37 38 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 – 8 4 3 4 9 4 8 7 6 Stoppage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 50 45 50 33 204 133 147 150 417 133 **Flush Toilet Breakdowns** With one or more flush toilets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,391 3,830 5,418 6,544 6,439 18,461 6,387 13,376 18,236 29,175 15,604 With at least one working toilet at all times in last 3 months . . 74,674 3,771 5,265 6,373 6,311 18,083 6,137 13,092 17,901 28,412 15,269 None working some time in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 12 110 123 103 174 113 138 192 351 203 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 6 5 27 25 53 25 35 49 78 35 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 3 74 62 56 105 57 77 107 210 118 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 3 9 11 6 12 11 9 12 34 40 3 times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 – 5 5 2 – 5 – 3 10 – 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 – 14 13 12 3 13 11 17 20 8 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 – 3 4 3 – 3 5 5 – 3 Breakdowns not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 47 43 48 25 204 136 146 143 412 132 **Sewage Disposal Breakdowns** With public sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,736 2,700 2,363 5,702 5,697 13,296 4,670 9,662 13,797 20,173 13,103 No breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,096 2,687 2,312 5,596 5,621 13,163 4,584 9,572 13,604 19,953 12,967 With breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 13 51 106 77 133 86 89 194 221 136 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 3 2 2 11 26 13 25 45 36 24 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 7 36 95 62 89 62 61 108 158 88 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3 – 7 – 9 3 3 28 11 8 3 times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – 6 – 1 – – 1 4 6 6 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 – 6 2 2 9 8 – 9 9 9 With septic tank or cesspool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,667 1,130 3,055 842 742 5,170 1,724 3,716 4,447 9,004 2,500 No breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,462 1,127 3,020 832 742 5,125 1,710 3,682 4,398 8,903 2,479 With breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 3 35 10 – 45 12 32 49 101 21 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 – 3 – – 17 – 3 5 15 9 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 3 23 3 – 26 6 26 36 65 13 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 – 7 7 – – 6 4 3 15 – 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 2 – – – – – – 2 – 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – – – – 2 – – 5 3 – **Heating Problems** With heating equipment and occupied last winter. . 75,215 3,626 5,329 6,465 6,319 18,370 6,260 13,220 18,033 28,839 15,123 Not uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last winter . . . . 67,769 3,390 4,638 5,763 5,838 16,815 5,348 11,565 16,140 26,272 13,791 Uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more last winter 1 . . . . . . 6,055 190 586 602 413 1,181 677 1,364 1,649 1,945 1,098 Equipment breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,594 39 168 224 158 304 157 363 494 460 277 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 – – 1 1 – – 3 6 5 – 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,119 30 103 158 112 222 108 245 362 305 207 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 9 30 32 11 40 12 47 66 62 33 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 – 14 15 8 22 14 35 28 51 7 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 – 19 18 22 16 21 30 33 35 27 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 2 – 3 3 2 3 – 2 3 Other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,571 151 429 390 258 891 528 1,034 1,190 1,504 843 Utility interruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,139 88 171 124 75 444 168 495 579 793 272 Inadequate heating capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 8 47 39 52 69 68 62 93 106 89 Inadequate insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 7 55 80 39 53 56 88 94 106 105 Cost of heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 32 79 92 39 139 131 173 202 203 200 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,022 30 90 74 64 203 122 235 258 313 215 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – – – – – – – – 3 – Reason for discomfort not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – – – – 2 – 2 – – – Discomfort not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,391 46 105 100 68 375 235 291 244 621 234 **Electric Fuses and Circuit Breakers**

With electrical wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,371 3,822 5,416 6,547 6,429 18,470 6,394 13,363 18,229 29,175 15,604 No fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,697 3,431 4,953 5,911 5,938 17,113 5,808 12,059 16,144 26,408 14,085 With fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . 6,685 339 425 560 449 1,094 437 1,158 1,922 2,254 1,351 1 time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,795 206 255 289 281 715 204 626 1,114 1,298 757 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596 71 93 165 100 255 136 325 416 544 311 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 19 23 51 28 69 35 102 175 175 118 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 40 50 45 39 50 57 94 198 232 162 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3 3 10 1 5 5 10 19 6 2 Problem not reported or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989 52 39 77 42 263 150 146 163 512 168

1 Other causes and equipment breakdowns may not add to the total as both may be reported.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 47 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-7. 

## Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Selected Amenities**  **1** Porch, deck, balcony, or patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,421 3,506 4,774 5,668 5,732 16,876 5,690 11,742 16,799 27,257 14,623 Telephone available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,129 3,601 5,277 6,388 6,329 18,286 6,245 13,054 17,904 28,752 15,419 Usable fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,458 2,085 1,072 2,207 2,222 7,563 1,799 5,096 7,578 12,728 9,056 Separate dining room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,717 2,208 1,820 3,975 3,372 10,171 2,982 8,906 9,812 16,781 8,219 With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms, etc. . . . 30,978 1,736 829 2,156 1,773 6,842 1,444 5,462 8,088 10,863 6,565 Garage or carport included with home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,979 3,429 2,357 4,257 5,030 14,988 4,275 9,346 15,978 21,441 14,214 Not included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,420 398 3,061 2,287 1,409 3,472 2,129 4,017 2,262 7,750 1,391 Off-street parking included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,287 352 2,843 1,824 1,227 2,942 1,783 3,083 1,907 7,089 1,209 Off-street parking not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – – – – – 2 – 2 – – Garage or carport not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 – 3 – 12 1 15 9 3 2 **Cars and Trucks Available 1**  No cars, trucks, or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,069 22 177 400 159 1,251 743 701 391 716 261 Other households without cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,006 471 1,024 609 934 1,789 999 998 2,375 4,098 1,535 1 car with or without trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,040 1,704 2,891 3,111 2,663 10,616 3,352 5,868 8,687 13,576 6,909 2 cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,384 1,252 1,005 1,842 1,843 3,935 1,081 4,317 5,087 8,148 4,832 3 or more cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,929 381 321 584 839 882 231 1,494 1,710 2,655 2,070 With cars, no trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,456 1,602 1,840 3,223 2,541 9,536 2,947 7,276 7,547 11,680 6,952 1 truck or van with or without cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,026 1,519 2,212 2,066 2,388 5,683 1,974 3,834 7,106 11,197 5,889 2 or more trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,876 688 1,188 858 1,351 2,003 741 1,566 3,206 5,600 2,504 **Selected Deficiencies 1**  Signs of rats in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 7 45 36 58 96 59 29 29 182 114 Signs of mice in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,984 78 500 356 239 915 445 1,002 1,050 1,443 489 Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last 3 months . . 164 9 5 27 13 34 18 27 29 79 30 Holes in floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 14 151 78 61 115 119 96 129 234 122 Open cracks or holes (interior) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,101 57 350 383 288 496 433 536 814 1,188 562 Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,246 24 110 189 101 269 183 263 373 444 166 No electrical wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 8 2 – 10 2 11 15 21 18 3 Exposed wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 10 28 37 23 52 34 24 61 112 24 Rooms without electric outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 33 58 88 58 151 86 116 227 228 78 **Special Living 2**  Services available to residents 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 1 (X) 3 4 76 11 17 21 39 25 Meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1 (X) – – 40 9 6 15 11 13 Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 1 (X) 3 4 65 11 14 16 29 17 Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1 (X) – – 37 9 7 13 13 12 Financial management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 – (X) – – 21 4 8 8 6 4 Aid with telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1 (X) – – 14 6 3 8 3 2 Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1 (X) – 4 35 8 6 14 12 2 Services and assistance available to

residents 1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 – (X) – – 15 5 2 7 9 – Bathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 – (X) – – 12 5 2 7 5 – Eating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 – (X) – – 13 5 2 7 3 – Moving about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 – (X) – – 15 5 2 7 6 – Dressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – (X) – – 11 5 2 7 3 – Toilet use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – (X) – – 11 5 2 7 3 – **Access to Structure** Entering building from outside 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,734 167 – 351 401 1,142 321 1,210 661 932 932 Use of steps not required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,532 90 – 91 186 565 149 388 225 465 453 Use of steps required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,201 78 – 260 216 577 172 819 435 467 479 Use of steps not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – – – – – – 2 – – – Entering home from outside 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,694 3,663 5,418 6,196 6,038 17,330 6,084 12,169 17,589 28,261 14,675 Use of steps not required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,654 1,921 939 2,706 3,354 8,253 2,668 4,369 5,888 14,518 7,879 Use of steps required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,928 1,742 4,479 3,487 2,681 9,048 3,406 7,770 11,679 13,711 6,768 Use of steps not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 – – 4 2 28 10 30 22 32 28 See footnotes at end of table.

## 48 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-7. 

## Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Selected Physical Problems** Severe physical problems 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870 8 77 125 78 228 142 234 210 296 130 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 – 37 81 43 187 94 153 127 199 97 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 – 33 34 31 39 36 65 60 86 33 Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 8 4 4 4 2 12 14 30 14 – Upkeep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 – 9 7 – 8 8 4 12 14 – Moderate physical problems 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,625 26 221 345 254 436 333 258 259 943 164 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 – 16 19 14 – 13 11 14 30 8 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 8 94 203 132 271 179 12 29 609 19 Upkeep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 11 117 112 64 99 123 136 155 253 73 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 11 17 26 53 83 51 104 66 96 69 **Overall Opinion of Structure** 1 (worst) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 – 23 38 15 55 62 28 43 95 38 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 4 32 20 26 14 25 2 25 45 50 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 4 40 21 15 16 27 29 41 56 49 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 9 105 48 29 88 71 71 110 192 70 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,365 57 399 271 209 568 396 381 601 946 436 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,655 49 279 290 162 472 268 482 686 967 520 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,899 261 715 791 672 1,344 674 1,584 2,225 3,247 1,843 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,042 794 1,311 1,660 1,732 4,368 1,437 3,666 5,255 7,690 4,431 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,627 684 609 923 1,183 3,248 872 2,424 3,184 5,062 2,957 10 (best) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,967 1,821 1,742 2,206 2,211 7,598 2,143 4,169 5,547 9,606 4,646 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,926 149 162 279 184 700 430 542 531 1,286 568 **Water Leakage During Last 12 Months** No leakage from inside structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,356 3,595 4,898 6,013 5,964 17,375 5,833 12,345 16,695 26,922 14,394 With leakage from inside structure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,170 185 467 480 443 861 424 893 1,406 1,825 1,047 Fixtures backed up or overflowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,188 33 68 137 104 177 90 168 349 369 302 Pipes leaked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,145 78 228 187 185 341 179 443 526 797 379 Broken water heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 29 122 60 86 148 47 94 169 283 169 Other or unknown (includes not reported) . . . . . . . . . . 1,263 45 65 108 87 224 120 212 401 418 232 Interior leakage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 50 53 53 32 236 148 141 149 446 167 No leakage from outside structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,686 3,593 4,748 5,686 5,848 16,698 5,508 11,578 15,346 26,381 14,381 With leakage from outside structure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,842 187 617 808 562 1,548 746 1,660 2,750 2,365 1,067 Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,168 65 480 487 387 856 473 841 1,040 1,683 603 Basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,309 38 18 200 65 426 159 655 1,329 190 135 Walls, closed windows, or doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165 71 79 129 85 201 107 189 385 367 225 Other or unknown (includes not reported) . . . . . . . . . . 691 18 60 59 49 139 63 119 219 230 123 Exterior leakage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 50 53 53 29 227 151 140 153 447 159

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Restricted to multiunits with five or more apartments with a resident 55 years of age or older. 3 Limited to units that reported meals, transportation, housekeeping, financial management, aid with telephone, or shopping. 4 Restricted to multiunits. 5 Restricted to single units. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 49 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-8. 

## Neighborhood—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Overall Opinion of Neighborhood**  1 (worst) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 10 41 51 31 91 78 41 77 160 61 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 24 51 34 28 48 24 40 77 120 52 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 12 67 71 37 72 48 62 132 192 73 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 35 99 77 70 138 112 84 220 246 216 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,356 144 368 438 346 713 437 477 768 1,399 713 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,454 151 272 388 321 618 292 590 791 1,322 751 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,603 371 627 931 848 1,716 702 1,643 2,250 3,571 2,138 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,808 891 1,305 1,709 1,746 4,346 1,477 3,678 4,966 7,778 4,386 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,454 628 744 953 1,084 3,136 831 2,287 3,308 4,945 2,915 10 (best) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,891 1,419 1,678 1,605 1,723 6,860 1,962 3,934 5,118 8,120 3,718 No neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 – 4 4 1 8 1 4 1 20 6 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,979 145 164 284 203 725 440 541 542 1,320 577 **Street Noise or Traffic** Bothersome street noise or heavy traffic present . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,223 482 1,008 1,639 1,419 3,497 1,549 2,926 3,793 5,343 3,161 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,264 3,313 4,361 4,836 4,972 14,744 4,692 10,316 14,269 23,435 12,245 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941 35 49 72 48 231 164 136 188 415 202 **Neighborhood Crime** Serious crime in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,649 598 739 1,428 1,223 2,105 951 1,567 2,679 4,779 2,624 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,230 3,165 4,605 4,958 5,129 15,983 5,194 11,581 15,283 23,703 12,663 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,549 67 74 161 87 383 259 230 288 711 320 **Odors** Bothersome smoke, gas, or bad smells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,278 125 311 330 367 663 389 563 895 1,071 749 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,168 3,669 5,054 6,142 6,024 17,567 5,843 12,673 17,156 27,686 14,653 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982 35 52 76 48 243 174 142 198 437 205 **Other Bothersome Neighborhood Conditions** No other problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,858 3,125 4,411 5,217 5,316 15,939 5,319 11,378 15,425 24,369 12,687 With other problems 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,359 666 944 1,235 1,058 2,239 872 1,843 2,578 4,254 2,684 Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,733 58 114 176 165 382 156 344 402 541 446 Litter or housing deterioration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,101 18 78 196 85 266 121 160 268 444 229 Poor city or county services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 11 67 80 49 70 72 59 106 199 77 Undesirable commercial, institutional, or industrial . . . . 247 20 14 25 15 52 20 65 56 77 49 People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,706 129 303 298 269 510 249 372 704 1,042 587 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,748 475 537 705 638 1,272 452 1,091 1,403 2,564 1,691 No problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 7 6 12 11 19 8 23 15 24 27 Type of problem not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Other problems not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,210 39 63 95 64 294 213 157 247 570 236 **Public Elementary School 1**  Households with children aged 5 through 15 . . . . . . . . . . 18,509 1,180 1,168 1,759 2,442 452 1,503 3,163 4,432 6,928 3,986 Attend public school (K–12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,932 948 1,054 1,486 2,148 352 1,309 2,488 3,599 5,638 3,206 Attend private school (K–12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,203 125 32 180 149 37 75 415 568 774 446 Attend ungraded school, preschool, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 25 6 20 26 22 23 80 63 104 80 Home schooled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 25 23 5 20 8 19 45 62 130 57 Not in school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 28 15 21 41 6 22 55 75 115 71 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 65 45 80 107 31 82 163 190 346 223 Households with children aged 0 through 13 . . . . . . . . . . 20,490 1,520 1,235 1,786 2,651 420 1,549 3,485 4,995 7,654 4,355 Satisfactory public elementary school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,966 1,223 1,078 1,462 2,203 370 1,323 2,924 4,246 6,302 3,494 Unsatisfactory public elementary school . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422 119 88 172 164 19 106 218 265 587 353 Not reported or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102 178 69 153 284 31 120 343 484 766 508 Public elementary school less than 1 mile . . . . . . . . . . . 11,571 662 346 1,110 1,985 210 845 1,969 2,820 3,656 3,125 Public elementary school 1 mile or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,785 756 846 589 500 177 598 1,318 1,921 3,592 955 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,134 102 43 87 165 32 106 198 255 406 276 **Academic Comparison to Other Area Elementary**

**Schools** Households with children aged 0 through 13 dissatisfied

with local elementary school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422 119 88 172 164 19 106 218 265 587 353 Better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 16 12 15 24 – 17 19 25 76 34 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 55 35 53 47 12 26 88 102 201 99 Worse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696 41 41 91 80 1 56 95 110 287 204 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 7 – 13 13 6 7 15 27 23 17 See footnotes at end of table.

## 50 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-8. 

## Neighborhood—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Building Neighbor Noise 2**  Neighbor noise present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,360 207 (X) 422 295 696 277 1,096 618 832 814 Loudness bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 50 (X) 94 85 117 71 236 121 163 197 Loudness not bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,641 157 (X) 325 210 579 207 860 497 669 615 Loudness bothersome not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – (X) 3 – – – – – – 3 Time of noise bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 54 (X) 98 95 114 82 243 115 169 210 Time of noise not bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618 152 (X) 322 200 582 195 853 503 660 602 Time bothersome not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – (X) 3 – – – – – 3 3 Neighbor noise not present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,065 273 (X) 488 386 1,322 332 1,333 697 1,246 789 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 11 (X) 34 19 85 55 74 27 119 40 **Public Transportation** With public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,616 994 1,183 3,719 3,998 8,283 2,815 7,543 8,055 9,598 10,421 Travel time to nearest bus stop, train station, or

subway stop Less than 5 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,929 278 385 1,221 1,174 2,309 873 2,392 2,947 2,606 2,983 5–9 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,830 346 378 1,438 1,574 2,994 1,015 2,619 2,744 3,392 4,075 10–14 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,853 175 144 570 721 1,351 429 1,303 1,079 1,757 1,715 15–29 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,125 76 139 305 316 794 220 740 524 968 892 30 minutes or longer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 13 37 42 25 121 44 70 83 203 94 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,430 105 99 144 188 714 233 419 679 671 661 Household uses public transportation regularly for

commuting to school or work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,817 100 117 720 569 582 308 1,260 726 726 1,104 Household does not use public transportation regularly

for commuting to school or work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,606 887 1,063 2,963 3,411 7,679 2,473 6,204 7,311 8,826 9,265 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 8 2 37 17 21 33 78 18 45 52 No public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,848 2,686 4,110 2,689 2,309 9,728 3,337 5,570 9,757 18,754 4,767 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,964 150 126 138 132 461 254 266 437 842 419 **Neighborhood Shopping** Grocery stores or drug stores within 15 minutes of your

home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,548 3,537 4,860 6,155 6,240 17,257 5,781 12,732 17,526 27,288 15,002 Satisfactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,400 3,386 4,632 5,922 6,042 16,688 5,523 12,374 17,153 26,473 14,401 Not satisfactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,805 135 207 202 177 493 216 300 318 643 543 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 15 21 31 22 77 42 58 56 172 58 No grocery stores or drug stores within 15 minutes of

your home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,819 182 451 293 130 968 415 499 537 1,398 385 Not reported or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,061 111 107 100 69 246 209 148 186 508 219 **Police Protection** Satisfactory police protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,633 3,399 4,753 5,837 5,742 16,929 5,501 12,283 16,927 26,267 14,156 Unsatisfactory police protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,800 294 544 516 568 1,051 608 786 943 2,072 999 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,995 138 121 194 129 492 296 309 380 854 453 **Secured Communities** Community access secured with walls or fences . . . . . . . 5,337 459 487 367 656 1,512 440 606 480 2,281 1,969 Special entry system present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,682 284 121 150 273 829 184 239 113 1,281 1,048 Special entry system not present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,648 175 366 213 383 683 257 367 364 996 921 Special entry system not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – – 4 – – – – 3 4 – Community access not secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,410 3,336 4,893 6,124 5,736 16,783 5,831 12,680 17,644 26,614 13,472 Community access not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 35 39 56 47 177 134 92 126 297 166 **Secured Multiunits** Multiunit access secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,357 79 (X) 106 135 454 118 366 281 334 375 Multiunit access not secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,151 82 (X) 216 237 608 163 774 348 524 506 Multiunit access not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 6 (X) 29 30 81 40 70 32 74 51 **Senior Citizen Communities** Households with person 55 and over . . . . . . . . . 36,591 1,021 2,669 3,132 2,451 18,472 3,763 6,629 8,363 14,189 7,409 Community age restricted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,457 94 366 89 71 1,079 194 223 113 683 437 No age restriction or restriction not reported . . . . . . . . . . . 35,134 927 2,303 3,043 2,379 17,393 3,569 6,406 8,250 13,506 6,972 Community age specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,867 125 637 793 551 5,031 884 1,393 2,164 3,726 1,584 Community not age specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,100 735 1,513 2,006 1,667 11,359 2,364 4,588 5,700 8,881 4,931 Community age specific not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,167 67 154 244 161 1,003 321 424 386 899 457 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 51 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-8. 

## Neighborhood—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Community Quality** Some or all community activities present 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,117 1,460 1,854 2,570 2,547 8,356 2,468 5,860 9,765 10,437 7,054 Community center or clubhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,707 818 1,178 1,181 1,127 4,306 1,177 2,307 4,016 5,260 3,125 Golf in community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,762 329 447 611 694 3,410 832 2,307 5,041 3,064 2,350 Trails in community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,300 839 451 983 1,099 3,509 981 2,619 4,925 4,416 3,339 Shuttle bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,718 106 216 422 536 2,033 482 1,303 1,923 1,196 1,297 Daycare center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,633 251 339 1,157 795 2,392 822 2,318 4,242 2,441 1,632 Private or restricted beach, park, or shoreline . . . . . . . . 15,124 584 592 925 1,158 3,327 964 2,982 5,282 3,693 3,167 **Description of Area Within 300 Feet 1**  Single-family detached houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,909 3,347 4,020 5,906 5,760 16,439 5,400 12,034 16,618 26,160 14,097 Single-family attached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,973 521 242 1,330 1,021 2,522 889 2,583 2,075 3,662 2,653 Multiunit residential buildings 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,514 364 438 1,457 1,383 2,805 1,228 2,507 2,801 3,346 2,860 1- to 3-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,014 259 398 1,046 1,100 2,098 981 1,567 2,352 2,682 2,413 4- to 6-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,464 65 28 263 170 412 141 562 245 385 271 7-or-more-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929 40 6 130 96 264 95 348 174 242 165 Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,276 512 4,318 824 877 2,758 1,464 969 1,630 5,713 1,964 Commercial or institutional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,992 492 1,023 2,240 1,841 3,820 1,703 3,641 4,158 5,590 3,603 Industrial or factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,520 81 269 401 311 515 317 585 743 830 363 Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,110 2,169 3,281 2,289 1,894 7,548 2,540 6,027 8,566 12,502 6,015 4-or-more-lane highway, railroad, or airport . . . . . . . . . . . 10,380 324 882 1,215 1,112 2,513 1,015 1,569 2,529 4,218 2,065 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836 96 91 184 132 408 285 315 320 793 408 **Bodies of Water Within 300 Feet**
Water in area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,824 859 1,294 714 727 3,192 990 2,575 3,454 6,126 1,668 With waterfront property. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,653 139 163 59 132 846 178 423 623 1,322 286 Waterfront property not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 12 16 10 22 62 29 39 62 136 30 With flood plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,929 77 215 115 144 539 169 360 236 1,108 225 Flood plain not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 11 10 6 2 2 2 7 6 21 7 Water not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 51 30 64 29 83 101 120 96 169 135 No water in area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,083 2,920 4,094 5,769 5,683 15,197 5,314 10,683 14,699 22,898 13,803 **Age of Other Residential Buildings Within 300 Feet** Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,710 67 892 527 556 2,351 1,003 1,601 1,823 2,991 1,295 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,299 2,097 2,198 4,836 4,704 12,054 3,806 8,975 12,558 19,445 11,322 Newer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,126 1,311 1,216 487 518 1,452 526 1,263 1,602 3,042 1,218 Very mixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,582 59 690 331 349 1,377 461 815 1,025 1,833 909 No other residential buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,425 192 305 131 133 707 253 288 822 918 398 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 103 118 235 180 530 355 436 420 964 466 **Other Buildings Vandalized or With Interior Exposed**

**Within 300 Feet** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,919 3,400 4,572 5,398 5,666 16,456 5,352 12,186 15,974 25,871 13,888 1 building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,034 70 215 294 226 464 228 326 490 805 414 More than 1 building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,031 68 225 528 267 391 282 245 589 741 457 No buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,245 177 300 91 113 646 220 240 786 856 363 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,198 116 106 236 167 515 324 381 411 921 486 **Bars on Windows of Buildings Within 300 Feet** No bars on windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,383 3,427 4,831 4,888 4,840 15,868 5,118 11,849 16,458 25,220 12,856 1 building with bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,256 21 63 181 187 326 155 119 184 495 459 2 or more buildings with bars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,927 81 106 1,058 1,092 987 533 708 356 1,568 1,295 No buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,245 177 300 91 113 646 220 240 786 856 363 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,617 124 118 330 206 645 379 461 466 1,055 635 **Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet** No repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,404 2,581 2,355 3,294 3,795 11,022 3,190 7,018 9,874 17,383 10,129 Minor repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,133 757 2,059 2,406 1,984 5,515 2,182 5,019 6,490 8,448 4,175 Major repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,375 279 749 545 423 1,132 577 752 1,187 1,851 586 No streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,259 81 134 104 77 287 129 190 300 501 269 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,257 132 121 198 160 517 327 400 398 1,010 447 **Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any Properties**

**Within 300 Feet** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,415 3,481 4,748 5,639 5,752 17,001 5,507 12,189 16,765 26,480 13,981 Minor accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,491 167 367 505 342 673 396 611 779 1,274 828 Major accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426 62 197 201 193 318 187 208 316 544 357 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,096 120 106 202 151 479 315 370 389 895 441 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## 52 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-8. 

## Neighborhood—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Parking Lots** With parking lots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,581 456 964 1,435 1,296 3,223 1,246 2,799 4,145 4,595 3,041 No parking lots within 300 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,870 3,274 4,363 4,914 5,000 14,799 4,868 10,228 13,747 23,757 12,138 Parking lots not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,977 100 91 198 143 450 292 351 357 841 428 **Manufactured/Mobile Homes in Group** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,418 272 5,418 503 490 1,379 1,009 436 943 3,072 966 1 to 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952 234 3,952 440 269 903 756 256 572 2,557 567 7 to 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 19 217 35 38 47 28 29 35 119 34 21 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,249 19 1,249 28 183 429 225 152 337 396 365

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Limited to single attached and multiunits. 3 Figures do not add up because of nonrespondents. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 53 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-9. 

## Household Composition—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Population in housing units . . . . . . 200,336 10,956 13,179 17,149 21,623 33,085 14,795 35,269 47,621 74,798 42,647 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607** 
**Persons** 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,777 653 1,555 1,725 890 7,048 2,915 2,944 3,986 6,619 3,227 2 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,633 1,286 1,978 1,962 1,593 9,381 1,541 4,615 6,785 10,717 5,516 3 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,223 626 738 1,148 1,160 1,380 563 2,233 2,657 4,871 2,461 4 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,791 760 585 987 1,195 368 554 2,206 2,937 4,300 2,348 5 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,207 297 349 445 886 170 445 943 1,283 1,760 1,222 6 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,797 145 154 170 396 84 206 281 392 587 537 7 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 63 59 111 319 41 181 156 209 339 296 **Number of Single Children Under 18 Years Old** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,579 2,089 3,821 4,167 3,286 17,825 4,396 8,980 11,986 19,482 10,130 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,796 645 689 1,132 1,085 421 776 1,785 2,460 4,347 2,204 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,828 670 499 830 1,116 143 596 1,746 2,481 3,579 2,022 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,760 292 264 294 624 63 367 697 946 1,253 864 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,040 103 114 73 220 16 166 112 273 374 281 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 27 15 37 80 3 57 44 60 108 70 6 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 3 16 14 29 – 47 14 43 51 35 **Persons 65 Years Old and Over** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,429 3,412 3,833 4,846 5,122 (X) 3,791 9,515 13,542 20,989 11,383 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,187 241 1,145 1,255 893 10,842 2,085 2,478 2,862 5,209 2,638 2 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,812 177 440 446 424 7,630 529 1,385 1,846 2,995 1,586 **Age of Householder** Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284 139 179 74 136 (X) 344 180 347 516 241 25 to 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,541 480 240 240 426 (X) 219 466 986 1,384 705 30 to 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,532 590 436 352 668 (X) 297 782 1,365 2,159 1,227 35 to 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,932 1,060 937 1,399 1,682 (X) 846 2,709 3,597 5,551 3,075 45 to 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,743 684 1,169 1,669 1,487 (X) 1,103 3,224 4,248 6,563 3,708 55 to 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,924 554 1,079 1,352 1,046 (X) 1,149 2,650 3,430 5,781 3,063 65 to 74. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,818 242 814 887 606 9,818 1,007 1,733 2,294 3,932 1,860 75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,653 81 565 573 389 8,653 1,441 1,636 1,983 3,307 1,728 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 40 52 52 47 74 58 52 51 52 51 Household Composition by Age of** 

**Householder** 2-or-more-person households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,651 3,177 3,863 4,822 5,549 11,424 3,490 10,434 14,263 22,575 12,380 Married-couple families, no nonrelatives . . . . . . . 47,008 2,627 2,673 2,936 4,054 9,174 1,946 8,207 11,418 17,724 9,658 Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 38 60 13 63 (X) 88 77 127 219 73 25 to 29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,007 305 114 80 261 (X) 55 243 564 795 405 30 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,646 431 272 147 455 (X) 118 516 930 1,396 804 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,336 792 488 701 1,166 (X) 385 1,930 2,482 3,793 2,131 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,352 867 1,160 1,503 1,596 (X) 733 3,883 5,133 7,904 4,432 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,174 195 579 492 514 9,174 566 1,559 2,184 3,617 1,814 Other male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,712 219 448 480 579 663 424 811 1,124 1,722 1,054 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,170 160 214 195 327 (X) 193 314 568 790 498 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,878 48 172 179 186 (X) 152 384 419 676 399 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 11 62 106 65 663 80 113 136 256 158 Other female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,931 330 743 1,405 916 1,587 1,120 1,415 1,721 3,128 1,667 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,948 205 282 486 399 (X) 431 484 705 1,148 611 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,397 108 329 646 389 (X) 448 657 710 1,323 706 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,587 17 131 273 128 1,587 240 274 306 656 351 1-person households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,777 653 1,555 1,725 890 7,048 2,915 2,944 3,986 6,619 3,227 Male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,770 272 662 660 439 1,818 936 1,140 1,637 2,582 1,410 Under 45 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142 151 209 214 144 (X) 183 326 576 778 462 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,810 99 291 305 193 (X) 444 436 673 1,100 601 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,818 22 163 142 102 1,818 309 378 389 704 347 Female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,007 381 893 1,065 452 5,230 1,979 1,805 2,349 4,037 1,817 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,547 187 153 229 98 (X) 252 247 343 691 266 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,231 117 296 389 168 (X) 474 514 744 1,339 633 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,230 77 444 446 185 5,230 1,253 1,044 1,262 2,006 918 See footnotes at end of table.

## 54 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-9. 

## Household Composition—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Adults and Single Children Under 18 Years Old** Total households with children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,849 1,741 1,597 2,380 3,154 647 2,009 4,398 6,263 9,711 5,477 Married couples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,367 1,433 1,002 1,398 2,439 315 971 3,580 4,933 7,465 4,389 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,644 271 125 127 278 43 61 456 601 1,021 566 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . . . . 3,254 278 196 253 582 37 217 552 773 1,170 759 Two or more under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,946 194 51 68 168 4 61 366 560 641 379 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . 898 113 96 45 201 8 121 138 215 329 216 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,626 578 536 904 1,209 223 512 2,069 2,784 4,305 2,467 Other households with two or more adults . . . . . . 2,822 134 307 535 459 259 420 424 729 1,086 583 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 26 37 72 69 28 51 62 155 187 84 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . . . . 367 13 46 90 75 15 68 52 92 157 66 Two or more under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 10 6 16 24 12 35 29 42 46 17 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17. . . . 122 12 39 19 47 18 36 13 38 51 20 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,711 74 180 337 243 186 231 268 402 645 396 Households with one adult or none . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660 174 288 447 256 73 617 393 602 1,160 506 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 7 17 27 9 3 33 20 42 62 19 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . . . . 294 17 40 65 26 6 73 32 59 149 54 Two or more under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3 6 13 4 – 12 15 13 20 17 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . 54 3 4 12 19 3 30 2 17 21 14 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,104 144 222 330 197 62 469 324 471 907 402 Total households with no children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,579 2,089 3,821 4,167 3,286 17,825 4,396 8,980 11,986 19,482 10,130 Married couples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,102 1,215 1,692 1,551 1,701 8,925 1,016 4,700 6,589 10,415 5,399 Other households with two or more adults . . . . . . 6,890 277 625 896 695 1,852 570 1,347 1,444 2,572 1,526 Households with one adult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,587 597 1,504 1,720 890 7,048 2,811 2,934 3,953 6,495 3,205 **Own Never-Married Children Under 18 Years**

**Old** No own children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,128 2,221 4,079 4,620 3,628 18,385 4,879 9,307 12,532 20,637 10,653 With own children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,300 1,609 1,339 1,927 2,811 87 1,526 4,072 5,717 8,557 4,954 Under 6 years only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,779 498 192 214 463 10 167 853 1,241 1,708 976 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,784 294 128 130 291 10 81 465 660 1,067 592 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,747 163 56 82 157 – 70 341 495 564 347 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 41 8 3 16 – 16 47 87 77 37 6 to 17 years only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,229 698 806 1,364 1,584 72 932 2,526 3,422 5,243 3,037 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,848 264 418 804 697 60 454 1,219 1,548 2,672 1,410 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,367 319 273 392 624 6 278 954 1,348 1,898 1,167 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,014 115 114 167 263 6 200 353 527 673 460 Both age groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,292 414 342 350 764 5 427 693 1,054 1,606 941 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,006 172 130 198 293 5 142 319 479 797 412 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,287 242 212 152 471 – 285 374 575 809 529 **Persons Other Than Spouse or Children 1**  With other relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,454 568 1,152 2,288 2,479 3,094 1,405 3,368 3,632 6,638 3,817 Single adult offspring 18 to 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,481 343 669 1,203 1,423 301 631 2,149 2,346 3,836 2,150 Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over . . . . . 3,148 48 216 518 399 1,965 342 599 592 1,290 666 Households with three generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,342 75 156 413 449 506 304 383 453 887 619 Households with 1 subfamily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,837 63 137 287 408 429 259 260 340 690 547 Subfamily householder age under 30 . . . . . . . . . 858 21 63 168 198 49 129 104 190 353 211 30 to 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 36 72 113 183 380 127 145 134 317 310 65 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 6 2 6 27 1 3 11 16 20 26 Households with 2 or more subfamilies . . . . . . . . . . 74 – 4 14 37 6 5 6 14 24 29 Households with other types of relatives. . . . . . . . . 4,543 189 327 774 824 958 528 800 812 1,795 1,137 With nonrelatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,816 290 577 348 491 486 390 794 1,184 1,686 1,152 Co-owners or co-renters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 81 118 45 110 96 44 196 227 349 228 Lodgers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533 22 50 18 112 51 37 68 98 194 173 Unrelated children, under 18 years old . . . . . . . . . . 647 25 54 62 55 48 82 107 185 200 155 Other nonrelatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,160 182 421 266 288 313 277 523 826 1,093 718 One or more secondary families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 15 42 36 32 17 31 60 124 109 59 2-person households, none related to each other . . . . 2,440 160 261 135 153 311 145 415 566 845 614 3-to-8-person households, none related to each

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 2 14 11 19 4 29 42 27 59 61 **Educational Attainment of the Householder** Less than 9th grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,025 64 527 240 1,222 1,597 748 243 485 1,655 641 9th to 12th grade, no diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,517 148 937 737 794 2,205 1,143 817 1,204 2,681 816 High school graduate (includes equivalency) . . . . . 22,665 840 2,311 2,116 1,746 6,627 2,241 4,290 6,244 8,501 3,630 Additional vocational training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,553 127 211 192 190 585 171 408 795 905 446 Some college, no degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,659 654 790 1,253 983 2,873 994 1,727 3,000 4,802 3,129 Associate’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,722 448 458 566 449 919 383 1,246 1,638 2,393 1,444 Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,894 1,040 311 1,025 818 2,334 605 2,862 3,605 5,806 3,620 Graduate or professional degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,947 635 85 610 427 1,917 291 2,192 2,073 3,354 2,327 Percent high school graduate or higher . . . . . . . . . . 88.8 94.5 73.0 85.1 68.7 79.4 70.5 92.1 90.7 85.1 90.7 Percent bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 43.7 7.3 25.0 19.3 23.0 14.0 37.8 31.1 31.4 38.1 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 55 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-9. 

## Household Composition—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Citizenship of Householder** Citizen of the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,334 3,596 5,215 6,352 4,839 18,226 6,007 12,968 17,904 27,981 14,481 Naturalized citizen of the United States . . . . . . . . 4,732 229 125 360 1,355 1,090 446 1,023 597 1,383 1,728 **Year Householder Immigrated to the**

**United States**
2005 to 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 29 12 14 57 – 19 31 27 72 27 2000 to 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659 93 45 24 250 13 82 79 104 302 174 1995 to 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998 98 69 99 392 12 117 165 156 361 315 1990 to 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,037 59 46 73 405 37 119 164 148 332 392 1980 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175 92 74 200 892 151 191 372 184 723 896 1979 or before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,801 92 81 146 959 1,123 317 622 324 804 1,051 **Year Householder Moved Into Unit**
2005 to 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,126 3,787 1,546 1,622 2,015 1,678 1,417 2,898 4,558 8,170 4,500 2000 to 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,520 17 1,544 1,452 1,837 2,261 1,325 2,697 4,120 6,760 3,944 1995 to 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,217 13 1,206 1,009 927 2,091 840 1,965 2,660 4,282 2,310 1990 to 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,706 3 527 654 550 1,691 671 1,353 1,914 2,946 1,494 1985 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,362 6 276 417 357 1,530 430 1,042 1,345 1,926 1,048 1980 to 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,124 3 140 272 193 1,108 340 763 737 1,121 503 1975 to 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,734 – 96 346 202 1,861 363 766 1,009 1,330 629 1970 to 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,548 – 64 287 142 1,746 315 550 622 1,000 376 1960 to 1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,142 – 17 336 135 2,735 379 802 805 1,063 472 1950 to 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,522 – – 130 63 1,386 248 408 380 454 280 1940 to 1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 – 2 15 19 291 53 110 78 109 37 1939 or earlier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 – – 8 – 93 24 24 22 32 15 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999 2007 2000 1999 2002 1985 1997 1997 1999 2000 2001**
**Household Moves and Formation in Last Year** Total with a move in last year . . . . . . . . . . 8,394 1,211 713 681 949 675 737 1,173 1,916 3,239 2,067 Household all moved here from one unit . . . . . . . . . 3,961 912 342 303 365 281 348 533 887 1,544 997 Householder of previous unit did not move

here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 75 74 39 60 20 71 53 123 193 91 Householder of previous unit moved here . . . . . . 3,165 775 222 245 266 235 227 450 700 1,210 805 Householder of previous unit not reported . . . . . . 337 63 46 19 39 26 50 30 64 141 101 Household moved here from two or more units . . . . 304 31 31 19 35 5 12 31 77 87 108 No previous householder moved here . . . . . . . . . 42 6 10 – – – 3 4 15 12 11 1 previous householder moved here . . . . . . . . . . 79 12 14 2 5 – 2 10 27 21 21 2 or more previous househo lders moved here . . . 156 13 4 11 24 5 3 13 29 46 67 Previous householder(s) not reported . . . . . . . . . 28 – 3 6 6 – 3 4 7 8 9 Some already here, rest moved in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,129 267 340 359 549 390 377 608 952 1,608 961 No previous householder moved here . . . . . . . . . 2,331 171 187 185 306 111 221 334 588 877 532 1 or more previous householders moved here . . . 1,497 81 125 132 205 242 120 218 301 634 344 Previous householder(s) not reported . . . . . . . . . 301 15 28 42 38 36 36 56 63 97 85 Number of previous units not reported . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – –
**Households With Disabled Persons** Households without a disabled person . . . . . . . . . . 62,765 3,388 3,946 5,295 5,433 11,681 4,446 11,076 14,990 23,717 12,981 Households with a disabled person 1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . 12,948 424 1,453 1,213 973 6,614 1,845 2,161 3,113 5,154 2,520 Hearing disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,498 151 480 216 272 2,827 535 749 1,162 1,595 992 Vision disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,940 38 257 166 193 995 327 293 398 835 415 Mental disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,498 148 446 346 294 1,377 553 549 852 1,411 686 Physical disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,880 243 945 900 587 4,357 1,244 1,296 1,835 3,357 1,392 Self-care disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,038 68 210 255 165 1,066 338 314 426 893 405 Go-outside-home disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,140 129 450 504 335 2,251 689 648 1,015 1,680 797 Disability not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715 18 19 39 34 177 114 141 146 321 107

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Mental, physical, and self-care disabilities are limited to household members at least 5 years of age. Go-outside-home disabilities are limited to household members at least 15 years of age. 

## —Con.

## 56 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-10. 

## Previous Unit of Recent Movers—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**HOUSEHOLDER MOVED DURING PAST**

**YEAR FROM WITHIN THE UNITED STATES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,341 956 388 336 412 294 358 582 966 1,665 1,129**  **Structure Type of Previous Residence**
Moved from within the

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,341 956 388 336 412 294 358 582 966 1,665 1,129 House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,595 631 187 145 215 225 189 339 615 986 655 Apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208 213 60 149 144 28 86 210 233 459 306 Manufactured/mobile home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 56 108 22 19 15 30 7 63 123 45 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 25 11 9 11 11 6 9 25 27 58 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 31 21 11 23 15 46 17 30 70 65 **Tenure of Previous Residence** House, apartment, manufactured/

mobile home in the United States . . . 4,041 900 356 316 379 268 306 556 911 1,568 1,006 Owner occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,032 538 185 96 177 222 150 284 475 811 463 Renter occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,009 362 171 220 201 46 156 272 436 757 544
**Persons—Previous Residence** House, apartment, manufactured/

mobile home in the United States . . . 4,041 900 356 316 379 268 306 556 911 1,568 1,006 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 127 25 67 31 73 64 64 107 244 163 2 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,420 316 145 110 77 167 68 187 293 594 346 3 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 165 75 46 82 14 46 107 219 283 169 4 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 162 50 48 64 6 42 110 155 241 147 5 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 92 19 32 67 – 43 64 75 105 109 6 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 25 24 4 31 5 15 11 28 46 38 7 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3 16 – 25 3 22 7 24 37 31 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 10 3 9 2 2 6 6 11 18 3 **Previous Home Owned or Rented by**

**Someone Who Moved Here** House, apartment, manufactured/

mobile home in the United States . . . 4,041 900 356 316 379 268 306 556 911 1,568 1,006 Owned or rented by a mover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,420 801 238 268 312 234 226 488 733 1,309 890 Owned or rented by other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 90 95 44 62 20 74 61 167 207 105 By a relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 31 58 24 42 3 45 37 91 102 72 By a nonrelative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 59 37 21 20 16 30 24 76 104 33 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 9 24 4 4 14 6 6 10 52 12 **Change in Housing Costs** House, apartment, manufactured/

mobile home in the United States . . . 4,041 900 356 316 379 268 306 556 911 1,568 1,006 Increased with move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,455 648 128 220 214 94 124 364 564 918 609 Decreased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 94 148 35 114 50 97 87 173 354 186 Stayed about the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 127 65 54 38 88 62 86 153 246 179 Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 19 – 4 9 16 14 10 9 19 22 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 11 15 3 4 20 9 9 12 30 11

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 57 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-11. 

## Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST YEAR Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,623 965 410 353 451 342 401 603 1,030 1,802 1,188**  **Reasons for Leaving Previous Unit 1**  Private displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 – 23 1 5 10 3 5 16 12 16 Owner to move into unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 – 7 – 3 2 – 3 7 – 3 To be converted to condominium or

cooperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – – – – – – – – – 4 Closed for repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – – – – – – – – – 2 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 – 16 1 2 8 3 1 9 12 6 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Government displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 11 3 8 8 2 3 – 3 14 5 Government wanted building or land . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 3 2 – 2 3 – – 8 – Unit unfit for occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 9 – 6 8 – – – 3 6 5 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 9 4 – 3 – 3 4 3 16 – New job or job transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 105 2 27 27 9 14 41 107 193 67 To be closer to work/school/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 65 25 24 32 20 28 33 76 130 76 Other, financial/employment related . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 27 6 8 33 13 28 5 40 36 59 To establish own household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 151 73 73 91 6 62 90 183 258 189 Needed larger house or apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 165 21 65 62 18 11 94 158 202 135 Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 20 8 8 4 – 3 12 29 48 26 Widowed, divorced, or separated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 25 22 12 8 16 22 26 50 46 32 Other, family/person related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 54 60 9 23 71 44 75 89 158 109 Wanted better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 157 25 45 59 25 36 67 138 196 109 Change from owner to renter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Change from renter to owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 105 53 79 89 2 19 86 152 278 259 Wanted lower rent or maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 10 22 3 17 18 15 22 22 33 26 Other housing related reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 55 20 16 13 27 16 46 55 76 47 Evicted from residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 – 11 – 3 3 – 1 5 6 9 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 144 49 47 24 98 43 79 101 239 126 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 32 37 15 20 40 63 24 34 114 73 **Main Reason for Leaving Previous Unit** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 36 15 16 20 13 6 35 68 63 37 Private displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 3 – 2 – 3 – – 2 3 Government displacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 3 2 – 2 3 – – 8 – Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 9 4 – 3 – 3 4 3 16 – New job or job transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 101 2 18 27 9 14 36 94 177 64 To be closer to work/school/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 41 15 19 26 17 28 18 52 94 54 Other, financial/employment related . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 27 6 8 32 10 27 2 36 36 45 To establish own household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 138 65 59 81 5 60 70 147 218 158 Needed larger house or apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 129 17 35 46 15 10 72 107 148 103 Married, widowed, divorced, or separated . . . . . . . . . 284 41 39 20 14 13 29 37 80 99 69 Other, family/personal related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 44 55 9 20 63 38 71 72 133 91 Wanted better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 103 12 19 40 22 34 41 65 124 76 Change from owner to renter or renter to owner . . . . 685 88 41 70 70 2 17 70 120 255 239 Wanted lower rent or maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3 13 3 11 10 11 11 10 18 20 Other housing related reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 39 13 9 12 20 16 38 47 55 29 Evicted from residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 – 7 – 3 – – 1 1 6 6 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 128 47 46 20 93 39 69 78 224 113 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 35 54 19 23 48 63 29 48 127 81 **Choice of Present Neighborhood 1**  Convenient to job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,138 288 45 81 90 24 57 175 249 479 236 Convenient to friends or relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030 148 127 46 120 106 90 168 264 355 242 Convenient to leisure activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 81 23 7 26 25 20 42 103 127 107 Convenient to public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 34 6 13 15 5 16 40 27 58 51 Good schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 110 22 39 81 7 57 105 144 230 158 Other public services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 30 8 4 10 13 6 16 39 34 41 Looks/design of neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,242 295 76 90 133 72 49 165 292 465 319 House was most important consideration . . . . . . . . . 1,238 265 80 107 123 64 87 174 313 416 336 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 211 120 88 61 78 93 91 156 421 207 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 43 37 15 23 55 66 24 36 121 83 See footnotes at end of table.

## 58 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-11. 

## Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Main Reason for Choice of Present**

**Neighborhood** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 108 38 22 50 33 39 89 117 202 143 Convenient to job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 183 15 44 64 6 45 98 104 280 129 Convenient to friends or relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 79 102 36 61 79 51 80 141 221 128 Convenient to leisure activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 15 6 – 7 11 8 1 28 28 30 Convenient to public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 – – 4 4 1 3 6 1 12 10 Good schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 48 7 24 35 6 16 51 62 116 60 Other public services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 12 3 4 5 6 – 1 10 5 20 Looks/design of neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 145 41 55 74 46 30 71 171 216 176 House was most important consideration . . . . . . . . . 801 153 59 75 70 41 52 111 221 247 222 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 179 102 74 59 58 91 71 138 355 186 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 43 37 15 23 55 66 24 36 121 83 **Neighborhood Search** Looked at just this neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590 314 249 98 181 170 224 247 328 644 370 Looked at other neighborhood(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,802 619 124 239 250 133 117 337 669 1,046 750 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 32 37 16 20 39 60 19 32 112 67 **Choice of Present Home 1**  Financial reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444 240 170 99 138 63 160 171 337 549 387 Room layout/design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,618 459 84 95 165 91 88 209 347 618 444 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 50 23 20 46 13 41 60 66 111 84 Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,091 263 75 90 130 57 72 134 272 411 273 Exterior appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657 119 38 41 67 51 47 104 127 262 164 Yard/trees/view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856 111 38 36 84 47 51 153 204 317 181 Quality of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 205 29 37 65 41 59 97 156 256 165 Only one available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 13 18 2 12 16 6 21 17 38 31 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 115 69 66 46 61 59 104 170 281 186 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 60 37 16 26 50 56 33 34 131 87 **Main Reason for Choice of Present Home** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 178 49 45 75 45 36 105 214 297 192 Financial reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008 143 150 82 114 48 135 97 236 393 282 Room layout/design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 276 38 64 81 55 37 89 160 313 234 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 – 1 7 7 – 10 11 12 10 – Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 75 24 50 44 21 27 53 106 123 96 Exterior appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 14 6 11 21 17 10 15 21 65 24 Yard/trees/view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 30 12 7 17 22 9 67 47 105 68 Quality of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 85 15 12 14 13 18 33 39 86 28 Only one available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 10 18 – 9 14 3 15 11 24 26 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 94 60 59 42 56 55 87 149 254 146 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 60 37 16 26 50 62 33 34 131 92 **Home Search** Now in house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,929 893 (X) 314 400 249 285 505 864 1,538 1,023 Did not look at apartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,430 796 (X) 273 358 203 213 412 767 1,366 884 Looked at apartments too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 68 (X) 25 24 18 24 70 70 90 75 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 29 (X) 16 17 28 48 22 27 82 63 Now in manufactured/mobile home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 29 410 9 37 52 76 31 121 181 76 Did not look at apartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 22 304 9 25 37 37 23 79 149 53 Looked at apartments too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3 69 – 10 – 26 8 37 12 11 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3 37 – 3 15 13 – 4 20 12 Now in apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 44 (X) 31 14 42 40 67 45 83 89 Did not look at houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 22 (X) 17 9 36 29 48 39 46 49 Looked at houses too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 19 (X) 13 4 2 7 16 5 31 40 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 (X) – – 3 5 3 2 7 – **Recent Mover Comparison to Previous Home** Better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,017 756 211 253 291 131 187 385 660 1,206 765 Worse home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 40 80 18 45 38 47 63 89 178 97 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 122 82 74 85 122 108 130 244 310 235 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 47 36 8 29 50 59 25 37 107 91 **Recent Mover Comparison to Previous**

**Neighborhood** Better neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,253 544 149 187 232 125 143 286 439 977 551 Worse neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 42 34 19 30 18 41 31 87 134 96 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,555 279 141 132 140 141 134 236 412 501 406 Same neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 49 50 5 18 13 17 16 39 80 44 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 52 36 9 32 46 66 35 53 111 92

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 59 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-12. 

## Income Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607**
**Household Income** Less than $5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,539 68 327 404 234 1,058 2,539 369 516 1,147 508 $5,000 to $9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,884 59 280 294 147 952 1,884 286 377 905 316 $10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,788 31 426 382 212 1,679 1,066 393 679 1,320 397 $15,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,123 127 491 299 294 1,776 364 514 678 1,410 521 $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,110 92 468 335 401 1,476 276 490 833 1,305 482 $25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,507 142 458 458 424 2,024 209 794 1,067 1,899 747 $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,600 117 494 393 437 1,208 47 461 934 1,580 625 $35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,482 132 356 325 353 1,140 10 517 891 1,481 593 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,852 268 721 676 645 1,842 11 1,035 1,791 2,783 1,243 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,328 283 416 541 573 1,287 – 1,026 1,665 2,453 1,184 $60,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,535 636 524 815 938 1,595 – 1,758 2,764 3,775 2,239 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,409 538 243 617 700 899 – 1,485 2,163 2,902 1,859 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,007 387 87 383 419 540 – 1,290 1,323 1,973 1,421 $120,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,264 950 127 625 663 995 – 2,962 2,570 4,260 3,472 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,000 78,000 32,000 44,793 50,000 30,400 7,130 68,000 57,000 52,000 70,000** As percent of poverty level: Less than 50 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,138 101 399 495 321 1,190 3,138 431 642 1,431 634 50 to 99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,267 80 610 529 489 1,258 3,267 445 668 1,658 497 100 to 149 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,456 151 776 622 745 2,258 (X) 729 1,311 2,508 909 150 to 199 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,692 307 772 734 708 2,691 (X) 1,180 1,620 2,790 1,103 200 percent or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,875 3,191 2,861 4,168 4,176 11,074 (X) 10,594 14,009 20,806 12,465 **Income of Families and Primary Individuals** Less than $5,000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,714 70 354 407 263 1,081 2,602 402 552 1,211 549 $5,000 to $9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,024 65 318 311 161 977 1,880 298 423 977 327 $10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,941 31 463 389 226 1,711 1,032 412 720 1,367 442 $15,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,293 135 518 310 329 1,800 354 539 734 1,473 547 $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,204 116 484 341 419 1,474 263 516 847 1,319 522 $25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,725 159 467 467 463 2,036 210 831 1,128 1,982 784 $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,710 123 497 409 416 1,205 49 469 958 1,653 629 $35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,567 132 350 333 358 1,125 8 534 897 1,511 625 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,985 321 714 670 640 1,807 7 1,056 1,828 2,808 1,293 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,278 284 378 526 577 1,278 – 1,050 1,672 2,385 1,171 $60,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,346 604 452 831 929 1,586 – 1,753 2,671 3,707 2,215 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,100 500 222 586 649 888 – 1,447 2,045 2,785 1,822 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,790 385 85 360 394 539 – 1,237 1,277 1,888 1,388 $120,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,751 903 114 607 615 967 – 2,834 2,497 4,128 3,293 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,000 75,000 30,001 43,600 48,001 30,000 7,000 65,000 55,000 50,000 66,400 Income Sources of Families and Primary** 

**Individuals 1**  Wages and salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,438 3,282 3,598 4,842 5,249 5,198 1,878 9,876 13,768 21,209 11,585 Wages and salaries were majority of

income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,803 2,978 3,161 4,392 4,795 2,713 1,525 8,830 12,169 18,739 10,065 2 or more people each earned over 20

percent of wages and salaries . . . . . . . . . 11,622 621 709 907 939 1,352 116 2,097 2,890 4,350 2,285 Self-employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,387 574 472 505 736 1,269 480 1,676 2,495 3,618 2,599 Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,120 957 608 807 827 7,088 770 4,272 5,439 6,979 4,430 Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,868 383 159 295 221 3,033 206 1,770 2,234 2,874 1,990 Rental income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,127 329 129 284 430 1,392 200 1,010 1,195 1,558 1,363 Social Security or Railroad Retirement . . . . . . . 22,201 518 1,887 1,826 1,326 17,046 2,635 3,962 5,068 8,842 4,328 Retirement or survivor pensions . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,755 398 853 1,108 612 9,121 682 2,505 3,364 5,051 2,836 Supplementary Security Income (SSI) . . . . . . . 2,081 68 325 397 303 719 583 299 404 910 468 Child support or alimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,350 135 164 258 239 137 213 380 694 848 428 Public assistance or public welfare . . . . . . . . . . 559 35 131 117 99 115 196 86 123 194 156 Food stamp benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,544 51 471 365 229 360 1,105 177 388 776 204 Disability payments, workers’ compensation,

veterans’ disability, other disability . . . . . . . . . 3,421 157 400 422 253 753 328 610 784 1,318 709 Other income (VA payments, unemployment,

royalty, estates, and more) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,056 258 365 361 386 728 377 921 1,587 1,360 1,188 **Food Stamps** Income of $25,000 or less. . . . . . . . . . 15,042 446 2,256 1,867 1,502 7,268 6,197 2,295 3,500 6,744 2,502 Family members received food stamps . . . . . . . 1,544 51 471 365 229 360 1,105 177 388 776 204 Did not receive food stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,429 364 1,706 1,368 1,191 6,496 4,497 1,974 2,902 5,444 2,109 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,069 31 79 135 82 413 595 145 210 524 190

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

## 60 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-13. 

## Selected Housing Costs—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Monthly Housing Costs**  Less than $100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 3 257 63 47 170 128 43 61 182 190 $100 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,161 36 919 259 207 949 598 149 369 1,186 457 $200 to $249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,376 101 759 197 171 1,194 540 158 442 1,442 334 $250 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,976 65 494 270 281 1,393 494 207 645 1,584 539 $300 to $349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,989 74 408 301 198 1,491 431 328 708 1,481 472 $350 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,033 72 267 199 246 1,406 387 325 841 1,355 513 $400 to $449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,830 69 214 252 219 1,293 337 376 815 1,205 434 $450 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,478 62 194 218 152 1,102 273 361 713 986 418 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,407 127 289 396 279 1,756 439 898 1,130 1,715 663 $600 to $699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,735 86 283 405 224 1,324 338 784 962 1,547 442 $700 to $799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,597 97 320 363 246 1,040 338 698 998 1,451 449 $800 to $999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,139 196 397 678 664 1,462 555 1,239 2,073 2,824 1,003 $1,000 to $1,249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,156 366 333 743 619 1,219 436 1,440 2,388 3,109 1,219 $1,250 to $1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,828 422 156 570 567 748 286 1,139 1,910 2,454 1,326 $1,500 to $1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,445 719 77 718 918 814 375 1,877 2,223 2,949 2,396 $2,000 to $2,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,422 466 10 381 501 420 174 1,316 988 1,615 1,502 $2,500 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,383 870 41 537 900 692 275 2,039 982 2,111 3,251 No cash rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) **Median (excludes no cash rent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 1,572 332 901 1,113 512 502 1,196 937 827 1,389 Median Monthly Housing Costs for Owners**  **Monthly costs including all mortgages plus**

**maintenance costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,049 1,607 370 959 1,177 548 541 1,255 981 881 1,438** **Monthly costs excluding second and subse**

**quent mortgages and maintenance costs . . . 984 1,538 332 882 1,080 511 501 1,173 915 819 1,340**  **Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of Current**

**Income 1**  Less than 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,903 92 488 133 171 594 8 364 550 1,231 758 5 to 9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,614 334 1,134 617 561 2,658 49 1,358 2,237 4,283 1,736 10 to 14 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,147 361 973 842 711 2,932 109 1,923 2,910 4,601 1,713 15 to 19 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,986 437 607 814 719 2,410 215 1,911 3,112 4,062 1,902 20 to 24 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,589 635 467 754 716 1,966 191 1,693 2,478 3,584 1,834 25 to 29 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,167 514 398 625 586 1,481 262 1,336 1,648 2,604 1,578 30 to 34 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,160 299 248 488 579 1,024 282 925 1,289 1,763 1,182 35 to 39 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,753 225 168 429 370 818 242 717 834 1,277 925 40 to 49 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,529 358 219 468 551 1,119 434 856 992 1,598 1,084 50 to 59 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,649 129 151 268 332 675 317 566 510 916 657 60 to 69 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676 109 83 192 229 443 285 343 380 553 401 70 to 99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,380 142 137 300 324 664 548 493 416 812 658 100 percent or more 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,016 157 263 516 486 1,577 2,660 776 747 1,546 947 Zero or negative income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 39 82 102 103 109 803 118 146 363 232 No cash rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) **Median (excludes 2 previous lines) . . . . . . . . . . 21 25 15 25 27 21 89 23 20 20 24 Median (excludes 3 lines before medians) . . . . 20 24 14 23 25 19 42 21 19 19 22**  **Rent Paid by Lodgers** Lodgers in housing units . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 22 47 13 70 34 32 41 79 150 101 Less than $200 per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 2 23 2 16 5 11 9 13 29 21 $200 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3 12 1 10 4 4 1 7 20 6 $300 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 7 5 – 12 3 3 9 17 16 25 $400 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4 3 6 10 8 5 13 18 23 12 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2 – – 7 2 4 – 6 22 – $600 to $799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 – – – 7 – 1 1 8 20 7 $800 or more per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 – – – 8 1 5 7 3 6 16 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3 5 4 – 12 – 2 8 15 15 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 (Z) (Z) (Z) 350 (Z) (Z) (Z) 325 400 347**  **Monthly Cost Paid for Electricity** Electricity used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,378 3,822 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,470 6,397 13,364 18,223 29,183 15,607 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 12 43 23 65 190 72 65 116 28 234 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,425 144 292 288 489 1,622 609 945 1,363 477 1,640 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,016 385 728 762 964 3,600 1,155 2,611 3,397 1,994 3,014 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,975 540 833 904 1,093 3,289 1,078 2,559 3,889 3,582 2,944 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,237 1,251 1,545 1,806 1,684 4,728 1,580 3,311 5,237 9,145 3,543 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,164 742 1,003 1,178 913 2,355 895 1,732 2,187 6,397 1,849 $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,110 674 849 1,381 1,088 2,105 816 2,018 1,530 6,791 1,770 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 129 123 133 115 102 105 105 100 145 97**  Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free . . . . . . 2,010 75 125 206 144 581 192 123 504 770 613 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 61 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-13. 

## Selected Housing Costs—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Monthly Cost Paid for Piped Gas** Piped gas used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,700 2,125 1,306 4,263 4,486 10,939 3,443 7,819 13,959 12,638 12,284 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,410 81 50 100 250 375 185 169 112 547 581 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,933 439 370 581 1,208 2,001 766 475 1,573 2,494 3,391 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,196 511 339 834 1,314 2,495 796 598 2,959 3,156 4,481 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,595 394 211 801 641 1,912 583 1,235 2,854 2,656 1,850 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,694 440 144 876 543 2,243 519 2,523 3,845 2,192 1,133 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,698 102 47 501 192 856 250 1,300 1,403 685 309 $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,682 99 23 421 159 621 173 1,094 851 490 247 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 75 60 91 61 79 71 118 92 73 59**  Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free . . . . . . 1,494 59 121 149 179 437 170 426 360 417 291 **Average Monthly Cost Paid for Fuel Oil** Fuel oil used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,409 55 212 373 229 1,887 513 4,846 550 845 167 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 – 15 13 2 46 30 90 39 44 3 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 6 16 12 3 80 37 179 63 74 10 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 1 34 43 22 162 65 307 60 101 22 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 5 40 33 16 237 79 480 81 139 26 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,403 12 67 52 60 427 108 945 164 241 52 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,052 7 27 50 35 276 62 886 50 95 22 $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,701 16 6 93 55 476 92 1,540 64 82 15 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 (Z) 96 142 133 125 100 167 100 100 117**  Included in rent, other fee, or obtained free . . . . . . 536 9 6 77 35 182 39 419 30 68 18 **Property Insurance** Property insurance paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,313 3,749 4,173 5,972 5,615 17,351 5,220 12,930 17,676 26,972 14,736 **Median per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 56 38 54 54 50 48 58 50 58 58 Monthly Costs Paid for Selected Utilities and** 

**Fuels** Water paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,552 2,686 2,566 5,033 4,892 12,366 4,136 8,710 12,504 20,914 11,424 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 38 30 35 45 33 33 38 35 35 46** Trash paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,974 2,458 2,068 3,267 4,063 10,253 3,282 4,921 11,498 16,876 11,679 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 21 17 23 29 20 21 21 20 21 25** Bottled gas paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,902 349 804 320 231 1,626 589 1,057 1,485 2,662 698 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 64 54 56 43 62 62 64 76 59 57**  Other fuel paid separately. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,117 79 414 165 173 631 243 1,189 391 828 709 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 33 33 25 25 25 30 42 21 17 21 Cost and Ownership Sharing**  Ownership shared by person not living here . . . . . 2,527 93 193 279 289 666 472 481 535 906 604 Costs shared by person not living here . . . . . . . 476 31 21 38 56 73 130 121 66 127 162 Costs not shared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,035 63 173 237 233 593 339 354 467 775 439 Cost sharing not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 – – 3 – – 3 6 2 5 3 Ownership not shared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,124 3,643 5,135 6,105 6,050 17,438 5,660 12,566 17,424 27,470 14,664 Costs shared by person not living here . . . . . . . 1,008 53 115 116 109 153 142 169 191 493 156 Costs not shared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,949 3,589 5,016 5,980 5,942 17,241 5,481 12,357 17,212 26,881 14,499 Cost sharing not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 – 4 9 – 44 36 41 21 96 9 Ownership sharing not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777 94 90 163 100 368 274 331 290 817 339 **Monthly Payment for Principal and Interest** One or more regular mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,945 3,197 2,039 4,242 4,410 4,936 2,589 8,237 11,775 17,118 10,815 Less than $100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,327 140 132 131 120 229 118 279 265 580 203 $100 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,072 49 162 171 82 236 167 208 290 438 136 $200 to $249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 42 139 88 50 166 96 145 208 321 102 $250 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981 27 156 143 77 168 121 127 307 471 75 $300 to $349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,323 40 156 189 98 280 94 260 413 516 134 $350 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,550 49 219 163 159 292 205 191 467 724 168 $400 to $449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,631 16 200 194 119 228 135 219 558 718 136 $450 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,707 49 79 173 123 269 161 282 561 674 189 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,816 75 251 388 331 482 220 511 1,239 1,647 420 $600 to $699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,859 159 165 365 367 442 157 540 1,143 1,580 596 $700 to $799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,443 185 157 314 271 305 198 493 1,084 1,372 493 $800 to $999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,162 377 125 508 479 513 212 1,016 1,648 2,372 1,126 $1,000 to $1,249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,879 478 56 438 540 405 247 1,054 1,443 1,897 1,485 $1,250 to $1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,059 371 23 306 398 265 144 796 810 1,247 1,207 $1,500 to $1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,786 489 8 300 525 305 129 1,019 759 1,325 1,682 $2,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,574 649 11 370 672 352 185 1,097 578 1,236 2,663 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 1,198 403 739 977 625 583 966 736 760 1,275** See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## 62 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-13. 

## Selected Housing Costs—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Average Monthly Cost Paid for**

**Real Estate Taxes** Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,751 423 2,688 1,210 631 2,700 1,558 479 1,056 5,107 1,110 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,017 214 1,071 680 456 1,964 816 361 1,232 3,495 929 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,565 240 654 721 578 1,886 718 483 1,508 3,455 1,119 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,883 231 238 547 536 1,612 537 573 1,478 2,575 1,257 $100 to $124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,494 272 225 543 641 1,567 541 629 1,828 2,585 1,452 $125 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,880 193 122 400 410 1,124 304 593 1,518 1,680 1,089 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,140 434 147 699 873 2,124 593 1,442 2,677 2,904 2,117 $200 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,727 605 136 756 953 2,317 567 2,581 3,216 3,313 2,617 $300 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,171 379 29 327 487 1,107 237 1,783 1,581 1,411 1,397 $400 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,655 257 37 221 305 674 154 1,264 768 864 759 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,884 181 20 183 204 476 130 1,103 532 598 652 $600 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,260 401 51 261 366 921 250 2,088 854 1,207 1,110 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 183 25 100 146 114 77 280 154 99 167 Annual Taxes Paid Per $1,000 Value**  Less than $5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,710 804 1,606 1,440 1,011 4,686 1,684 796 1,227 7,266 3,422 $5 to $9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,383 1,057 904 1,694 1,621 4,995 1,555 2,129 3,355 9,467 6,431 $10 to $14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,473 854 769 1,343 1,309 3,756 1,215 3,417 5,018 5,539 3,499 $15 to $19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,992 407 458 717 871 1,999 598 2,798 3,830 2,376 988 $20 to $24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,058 301 287 493 607 1,134 406 1,777 2,191 1,692 399 $25 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,812 408 1,394 859 1,021 1,902 947 2,462 2,628 2,854 868 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 10 10 11 9 9 15 14 8 8**
**Routine Maintenance in Last Year** Less than $25 per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,139 2,479 3,127 2,682 2,378 8,948 2,972 3,809 7,554 11,986 5,791 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,691 509 1,092 1,475 1,461 3,503 1,104 3,032 4,333 6,513 3,814 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,887 48 133 288 341 593 205 567 640 1,087 593 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,768 198 235 470 643 1,199 399 1,701 1,735 2,787 1,545 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,655 73 69 271 202 478 160 583 563 981 529 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,460 48 93 281 297 549 160 840 680 1,151 789 $200 or more per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,885 46 128 352 413 692 247 907 773 1,322 883 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,942 430 540 728 705 2,509 1,157 1,939 1,973 3,366 1,664 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4 17 25 29 17 17 42 25 25 33**  **Condominium and Cooperative Fee** Fee paid by owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,790 302 (X) 296 425 1,386 374 1,149 982 1,328 1,331 Less than $50 per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 8 (X) 24 37 51 10 46 19 82 59 $50 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 33 (X) 12 32 66 32 23 57 87 87 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 53 (X) 14 56 118 40 105 172 131 127 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 74 (X) 37 67 147 45 122 175 192 196 $200 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016 55 (X) 44 95 279 48 173 241 265 337 $300 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 44 (X) 51 65 275 65 176 114 253 296 $500 or more per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 19 (X) 27 8 174 16 205 62 85 92 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 16 (X) 87 64 276 119 299 142 232 137 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 180 (X) 220 187 252 200 270 198 215 230**  **Other Housing Costs Per Month** Homeowner association fee paid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,397 1,409 – 732 675 1,651 337 581 1,614 4,797 2,405 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 42 (Z) 31 36 42 33 58 17 33 47** Manufactured/mobile home park fee paid . . . . . . . 310 – 310 6 40 120 64 15 63 158 73 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 (Z) 120 (Z) (Z) 105 120 (Z) 240 25 250** Land rent fee paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4 7 9 2 19 10 10 19 33 23 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) Government Subsidy for Repairs**  Units with major repairs in the last

2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,019 1,453 2,874 3,446 3,659 9,280 3,010 7,366 11,136 15,742 8,775 Received low interest loan or grant . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 14 77 113 107 203 120 166 189 265 175 No low interest loan or grant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,002 1,417 2,792 3,318 3,532 9,045 2,871 7,176 10,882 15,382 8,563 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 22 6 15 20 32 19 24 65 96 36

1 Beginning with 1989, this item uses current income in its calculation; see Appendix A. 2 May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings, or response error. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 63 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-14. 

## Value, Purchase Price, and Source of Down Payment—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607**
**Value** Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,696 17 1,256 157 203 360 400 209 323 783 381 $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,311 64 1,001 129 115 364 259 154 307 660 190 $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073 18 581 157 96 321 248 134 251 577 110 $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,187 47 429 121 120 351 241 174 261 620 131 $40,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,155 77 611 501 347 1,090 566 410 968 1,468 309 $60,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,261 159 584 690 496 1,561 634 633 1,841 2,341 447 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,002 118 290 795 594 1,624 684 754 1,958 2,882 409 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,980 122 214 551 431 1,397 468 524 1,728 2,281 447 $120,000 to $149,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,629 310 251 693 625 1,680 504 836 2,487 3,573 732 $150,000 to $199,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,141 644 158 882 866 2,483 775 1,682 3,162 4,494 1,803 $200,000 to $299,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,494 984 34 893 1,114 2,942 735 2,640 2,857 4,549 3,447 $300,000 to $399,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,924 512 5 463 701 1,681 393 2,025 1,087 2,390 2,421 $400,000 to $499,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,200 288 – 236 285 884 202 1,342 415 993 1,449 $500,000 to $749,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,577 290 2 211 313 1,069 202 1,268 400 980 1,930 $750,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798 179 1 67 133 666 94 591 204 602 1,402 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170,000 220,000 25,000 120,000 150,000 150,000 100,000 230,000 134,000 140,000 270,000 Ratio of Value to Current Income**  Less than 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,304 512 3,528 1,443 1,183 2,230 505 2,245 4,561 6,660 1,839 1.5 to 1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,070 461 447 737 746 1,258 63 1,377 2,816 3,684 1,193 2.0 to 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,281 516 277 668 589 1,170 161 1,342 2,369 3,245 1,325 2.5 to 2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,123 499 157 612 607 1,243 99 1,225 1,814 2,652 1,432 3.0 to 3.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,044 666 271 874 892 2,093 229 1,732 2,260 3,781 2,270 4.0 to 4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,844 317 169 413 548 1,626 217 1,080 1,055 2,004 1,706 5.0 to 6.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,220 368 157 560 634 2,560 477 1,469 1,368 2,525 1,858 7.0 to 8.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,486 168 66 258 359 1,428 324 692 545 1,152 1,098 9.0 to 10.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,975 56 29 176 165 957 317 464 285 702 523 11 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,222 226 235 704 613 3,799 3,210 1,635 1,031 2,426 2,131 Zero or negative income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 39 82 102 103 109 803 118 146 363 232 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .8 2 .9 0 .8 2 .7 3 .0 4 .7 15 .0 3 .2 2 .3 2 .6 3 .8 Other Activities on Property** 
Medical or commercial establishment . . . . . . . 652 19 25 38 32 142 44 199 162 206 86 Neither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,776 3,811 5,393 6,509 6,407 18,330 6,361 13,179 18,088 28,987 15,521 **Year Unit Acquired**
2005 to 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,482 3,830 1,539 1,600 1,892 1,527 1,405 2,769 4,452 7,949 4,312 2000 to 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,794 (X) 1,474 1,448 1,867 2,245 1,376 2,841 4,165 6,749 4,039 1995 to 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,722 (X) 1,264 1,106 961 2,151 858 2,038 2,791 4,534 2,359 1990 to 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,681 (X) 506 612 577 1,727 581 1,371 1,954 2,870 1,485 1985 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,501 (X) 304 418 391 1,610 477 1,105 1,363 1,992 1,041 1980 to 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,166 (X) 150 290 202 1,145 345 737 715 1,184 531 1975 to 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,763 (X) 96 338 190 1,895 371 778 1,002 1,318 665 1970 to 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,545 (X) 60 275 152 1,753 312 552 616 1,011 366 1960 to 1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,102 (X) 21 326 140 2,817 379 755 785 1,056 506 1950 to 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,405 (X) 2 118 58 1,361 256 343 351 450 261 1940 to 1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 (X) 2 13 10 225 38 77 51 73 36 1939 or earlier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 (X) (X) 3 – 15 8 12 3 8 6 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999 2007 2000 1999 2001 1985 1997 1997 1999 2000 2000 First-Time Owners**  First home ever owned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,676 1,066 2,196 4,155 3,639 5,851 3,102 6,761 7,362 11,616 5,938 Not first home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,233 2,648 3,128 2,233 2,741 12,366 3,061 6,243 10,625 16,995 9,370 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,519 117 94 158 59 255 243 374 263 583 300

## 64 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-14. 

## Value, Purchase Price, and Source of Down Payment—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Purchase Price** Home purchased or built . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,877 3,706 5,076 5,904 6,148 17,250 5,532 12,346 17,380 27,307 14,843 Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,799 13 912 270 331 1,432 625 460 694 1,265 381 $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,229 8 863 512 320 2,528 631 747 1,174 1,684 625 $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,648 12 750 357 270 1,697 421 683 979 1,515 472 $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,489 44 510 380 252 1,339 394 682 958 1,429 421 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,002 17 427 254 244 957 292 511 850 1,239 403 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,076 23 279 365 226 855 293 459 945 1,335 337 $60,000 to $69,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,126 29 258 269 310 735 264 450 921 1,343 411 $70,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,968 37 190 332 270 673 238 412 805 1,333 418 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,662 136 236 531 562 931 300 780 1,569 2,426 887 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,288 109 126 341 370 684 254 643 1,210 1,685 751 $120,000 to $149,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,691 262 97 532 594 991 317 962 1,806 2,647 1,275 $150,000 to $199,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,055 602 19 490 805 1,152 312 1,408 1,939 2,755 1,953 $200,000 to $249,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,029 521 9 263 374 577 203 886 1,006 1,680 1,457 $250,000 to $299,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,024 335 – 163 240 375 89 553 565 1,004 902 $300,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,594 1,266 3 353 765 911 287 1,766 1,032 2,238 3,558 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,196 293 399 491 214 1,416 612 944 928 1,729 595 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,500 240,000 27,000 78,000 110,000 49,000 50,000 115,000 89,900 91,500 165,000** Received as inheritance or gift . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,388 16 292 526 235 1,032 676 729 683 1,411 564 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,163 108 50 117 56 189 197 303 186 475 200 **Down Payment** Home purchased or built . . . . . . . . . . 71,877 3,706 5,076 5,904 6,148 17,250 5,532 12,346 17,380 27,307 14,843 Percent of purchase price No down payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,346 602 893 883 797 1,785 889 871 2,049 3,808 1,619 Less than 3 percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,034 239 274 663 606 967 437 622 1,185 2,232 996 3–5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,289 401 295 961 972 858 427 1,031 1,703 2,985 1,570 6–10 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,895 504 566 1,017 1,057 1,547 531 1,617 2,427 3,762 2,088 11–15 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,946 173 294 305 389 750 243 796 910 1,393 846 16–20 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,200 452 258 347 549 1,332 304 1,521 2,038 2,645 1,995 21–40 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,999 384 402 272 450 1,847 433 1,682 2,006 2,405 1,906 41–99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,478 227 260 130 222 1,569 280 1,007 1,167 1,336 969 Bought outright. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,377 257 1,081 297 393 3,199 827 990 1,503 2,682 1,201 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,308 467 754 1,031 712 3,395 1,158 2,209 2,391 4,055 1,653 **Major Source of Down Payment** Home purchased or built . . . . . . . . . . 71,877 3,706 5,076 5,904 6,148 17,250 5,532 12,346 17,380 27,307 14,843 Sale of previous home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,946 1,330 962 711 1,203 6,381 1,133 3,387 5,861 7,760 4,938 Savings or cash on hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,437 1,193 2,152 3,357 3,299 6,894 2,399 6,474 7,094 11,680 6,189 Sale of other investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 42 53 22 61 219 59 106 150 247 246 Borrowing, other than mortgage on this

property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,409 88 264 247 262 590 263 385 589 959 477 Inheritance or gift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 44 72 77 92 226 133 271 355 390 343 Land where building built used for

financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 83 93 57 37 131 39 64 142 378 55 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,125 145 383 344 293 573 337 430 786 1,279 630 No down payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,346 602 893 883 797 1,785 889 871 2,049 3,808 1,619 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,867 181 205 205 104 451 281 359 354 808 347 **How Acquired** First occupant in single-family

unit built 1990 or later . . . . . . . . . . . 8,811 2,627 (X) 679 720 1,326 364 891 2,080 4,089 1,751 Already built . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,022 1,015 (X) 323 307 396 87 240 595 1,396 791 Sales agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395 731 (X) 216 241 356 76 272 513 1,107 502 Contr actor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,113 481 (X) 87 118 413 88 248 653 974 238 Built it yourself. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,176 337 (X) 43 54 150 113 123 301 555 198 Received as inheritance or gift . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 (X) 3 – 1 – 1 6 3 – Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 61 (X) 8 – 10 1 8 12 53 21 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 65 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-15. 

## Mortgage Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,428 3,830 5,418 6,547 6,439 18,472 6,405 13,378 18,249 29,193 15,607 Mortgages Currently on Property**  **1** None, owned free and clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,206 499 3,237 2,073 1,752 12,071 3,466 4,122 5,566 10,502 4,015 Reverse mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 3 11 17 24 241 36 33 33 106 80 Regular and/or home-equity mortgage 2 . . . . . 50,300 3,251 2,107 4,338 4,525 5,804 2,710 8,839 12,357 17,900 11,203 Regular mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,703 3,174 2,002 4,153 4,325 4,604 2,509 7,848 11,461 16,753 10,640 Home-equity lump-sum mortgage . . . . . . . . 4,022 154 57 241 300 522 156 984 1,139 1,084 816 Home-equity line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,184 297 106 426 579 1,527 334 1,935 2,408 2,681 2,160 Line of credit not reported, no regular or lump

sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670 78 64 120 139 356 193 384 294 684 308**Number of Regular Mortgages and Home**

**Equity Mortgages** 1 mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,274 2,391 1,830 3,329 3,307 4,322 1,940 6,067 8,650 12,984 7,573 2 mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,896 621 98 646 928 833 321 2,003 2,835 3,288 2,770 3 mortgages or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 20 2 43 67 76 25 121 255 192 233 Number not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000 297 240 440 361 928 617 1,033 910 2,121 936 **Types of Mortgages** Regular and home-equity lump sum . . . . . . . . 2,779 131 20 152 215 189 76 595 825 719 640 With home-equity line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . 429 11 2 16 40 52 10 71 151 99 108 No home-equity line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,341 120 17 135 173 137 65 519 672 620 530 Home-equity line of credit not reported . . . . 10 – – 2 2 – 1 5 2 – 2 Regular, no home-equity lump sum . . . . . . . . . 43,923 3,043 1,982 4,001 4,110 4,415 2,433 7,253 10,637 16,034 10,000 With home-equity line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . 6,153 230 36 294 407 527 189 1,178 1,615 1,733 1,627 No home-equity line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,513 2,594 1,773 3,390 3,486 3,330 1,835 5,453 8,422 12,882 7,757 Home-equity line of credit not reported . . . . 3,258 219 173 317 217 558 409 622 600 1,419 616 Home-equity lump sum, no regular . . . . . . . . . 1,243 22 37 89 85 333 80 389 314 365 175 With home-equity line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . 248 2 – 20 17 80 14 84 61 65 37 No home-equity line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . . 989 20 37 69 68 252 67 301 251 299 138 Home-equity line of credit not reported . . . . 6 – – – – – – 4 2 – – No regular or home-equity lump sum . . . . . . . 28,483 634 3,379 2,305 2,029 13,535 3,816 5,141 6,474 12,076 4,792 With home-equity line of credit . . . . . . . . . . . 2,355 54 68 96 115 867 121 602 581 783 388 No home-equity line of credit. . . . . . . . . . . . 24,458 501 3,247 2,089 1,776 12,312 3,502 4,155 5,599 10,609 4,096 Home-equity line of credit not reported . . . . 1,670 78 64 120 139 356 193 384 294 684 308 **OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE REGULAR**

**OR LUMP-SUM HOME–EQUITY MORTGAGES**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,945 3,197 2,039 4,242 4,410 4,936 2,589 8,237 11,775 17,118 10,815 Land Contract**  Units with one regular mortgage

only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,024 2,316 1,725 3,165 3,127 3,232 1,767 5,195 7,842 11,926 7,060 Mortgage is a land contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,488 309 250 367 542 351 185 528 400 1,646 915 Not a land contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,694 1,930 1,423 2,711 2,521 2,781 1,510 4,467 7,297 9,987 5,942 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 78 52 86 65 100 71 200 146 293 204 **Type of Primary Mortgage** FHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,272 457 112 1,038 801 443 352 645 1,300 2,897 1,430 VA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,660 273 207 316 312 356 140 554 858 1,442 805 RHS/RD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 63 36 51 51 49 41 43 138 153 101 Other types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,021 2,161 1,490 2,449 3,001 3,463 1,603 6,332 8,851 11,049 7,789 Don’t know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 8 18 26 10 18 12 10 23 47 19 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,460 235 176 363 236 608 441 653 606 1,530 671 **Lower Cost State and Local Mortgages** State or local program used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,709 219 123 428 382 176 203 430 637 1,131 512 Not used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,789 2,744 1,724 3,440 3,765 4,164 1,937 7,171 10,490 14,481 9,648 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,447 233 192 374 263 597 449 637 649 1,506 656 **Mortgage Origination** Placed new mortgage(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,616 3,188 2,007 4,212 4,344 4,891 2,556 8,205 11,710 16,986 10,716 Primary obtained when property acquired . . 35,884 3,005 1,744 3,436 3,570 3,010 2,075 6,188 8,436 13,745 7,515 Obtained later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,733 183 263 776 773 1,881 481 2,017 3,274 3,241 3,201 Assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 8 28 19 51 40 25 24 58 110 67 Wrap-around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 – 4 4 8 – 3 4 4 9 10 Combination of the above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 – – 7 8 5 6 4 4 14 22 See footnotes at end of table.

## 66 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-15. 

## Mortgage Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Payment Plan of Primary Mortgage** Fixed payment, self-amortizing . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,055 2,664 1,713 3,472 3,686 3,820 1,861 6,935 10,048 14,259 8,813 Adjustable rate mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,942 80 58 201 238 187 97 271 464 634 573 Adjustable term mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 14 3 3 5 26 15 14 31 28 7 Graduated payment mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 48 – 48 62 26 17 62 126 86 249 Balloon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 10 14 5 16 21 13 22 86 49 64 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 3 – – 3 – – – 3 4 Combination of the above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 9 – 9 14 21 5 11 30 47 81 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,950 373 248 504 390 832 581 923 991 2,012 1,024 **Payment Plan of Secondary Mortgage** Units with two or more mortgages . . 5,520 418 67 404 601 309 159 883 1,467 1,744 1,427 Fixed payment, self-amortizing . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,514 359 58 342 482 221 117 756 1,171 1,482 1,104 Adjustable rate mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 15 – 32 53 32 16 39 135 100 119 Adjustable term mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 1 – 1 3 15 3 12 24 26 9 Graduated payment mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 10 – 3 16 6 – 9 14 13 35 Balloon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 20 4 6 8 12 4 11 39 38 55 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – – – – – – – 2 – – Combination of the above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 9 – – 4 1 6 19 24 22 35 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 4 5 20 34 22 13 37 57 63 69 **Lenders of Primary and Secondary**

**Mortgages** Only borrowed from firm(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,467 2,897 1,707 3,762 4,023 4,231 2,063 7,475 10,941 15,158 9,894 Only borrowed from seller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 4 73 19 41 15 19 29 90 128 36 Only borrowed from other individual(s) . . . . . . 238 28 48 28 33 41 16 23 50 85 80 Borrowed from a firm and seller . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – – – – – – 3 3 8 3 Borrowed from a firm and other individual . . . . 36 – – – 9 – – – 16 9 12 Borrowed from seller and other individual . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – One or both sources not reported . . . . . . . . . . 3,904 267 211 434 306 649 492 707 676 1,731 790 **Items Included in Primary Mortgage**

**Payment 2**  Principal and interest only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,050 758 894 950 1,066 1,948 710 2,171 3,337 4,110 3,431 Property taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,542 1,986 558 2,538 2,829 2,029 1,230 4,874 7,265 10,201 6,202 Property insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,595 1,855 820 2,453 2,674 1,809 1,183 4,037 6,671 10,119 5,769 Private mortgage insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,205 599 137 795 604 297 258 982 1,629 2,430 1,164 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 52 12 33 36 30 14 86 82 143 66 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,224 347 268 530 434 830 599 1,021 994 2,135 1,074 **Year Primary Mortgage Originated** 2005 to 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,064 3,192 779 1,671 1,878 1,393 939 3,147 5,145 7,558 5,213 2000 to 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,175 5 545 1,105 1,459 1,286 762 2,444 3,631 4,868 3,233 1995 to 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,152 (X) 544 651 516 715 396 1,200 1,457 2,328 1,167 1990 to 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,953 (X) 83 326 302 414 169 651 676 1,057 569 1985 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,808 (X) 41 191 150 389 139 401 431 629 347 1980 to 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 (X) 27 119 52 239 53 183 174 307 103 1975 to 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 (X) 15 83 30 188 56 115 153 201 94 1970 to 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 (X) 6 93 18 292 73 83 103 165 83 1969 or earlier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 (X) – 2 5 20 1 13 5 6 5 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2004 2007 2002 2003 2004 2000 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 Term of Primary Mortgage at Origination** 

**or Assumption** Less than 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 32 120 52 66 101 58 91 182 231 191 8 to 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,159 42 167 62 111 182 101 242 327 425 165 13 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,501 217 370 243 340 629 254 953 1,517 2,024 1,007 18 to 22 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,421 89 289 209 144 333 181 485 666 908 362 23 to 27 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929 33 114 89 37 134 52 166 262 409 91 28 to 32 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,845 2,743 940 3,363 3,562 3,023 1,760 6,031 8,491 12,645 8,677 33 years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,251 19 35 216 145 490 167 246 294 431 280 Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 22 3 8 6 45 15 23 36 43 43 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30**

See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 67 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-15. 

## Mortgage Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Remaining Years Mortgaged** Less than 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,160 53 535 607 431 1,363 496 1,276 1,506 2,378 1,001 8 to 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,188 97 312 348 368 813 313 974 1,404 1,831 978 13 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,077 162 277 463 436 630 285 998 1,291 1,787 1,001 18 to 22 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,568 63 393 755 699 640 373 1,186 1,590 2,427 1,366 23 to 27 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,948 971 310 1,201 1,632 974 703 2,369 3,732 5,187 3,660 28 to 32 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,569 1,808 200 837 778 448 380 1,369 2,137 3,393 2,670 33 years or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 16 8 22 57 8 21 21 37 30 76 Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 26 3 9 10 62 19 44 78 85 64 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 28 16 22 24 14 21 21 23 23 24**  **Current Interest Rate** Less than 5 percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,220 470 225 341 440 719 246 1,090 1,596 2,021 1,512 5 to 5.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,659 1,070 393 1,170 1,341 1,604 804 3,248 4,295 5,632 4,484 6 to 6.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,940 1,228 504 1,502 1,571 1,601 854 2,678 4,008 5,860 3,394 7 to 7.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,619 269 318 584 595 537 341 704 1,098 1,930 887 8 to 8.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,772 80 228 312 251 230 125 243 427 801 302 9 percent or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,735 80 371 332 212 244 219 274 351 873 236 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .0 6 .0 6 .5 6 .2 6 .0 6 .0 6 .0 5 .9 5 .9 6 .0 5 .8 Total Outstanding Principal Amount**  Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,797 24 423 382 217 813 320 525 701 1,218 353 $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,972 95 327 210 128 410 158 386 522 838 226 $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,877 32 246 236 148 394 162 354 566 732 225 $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,978 32 191 249 185 345 241 343 536 854 245 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,338 37 171 224 189 315 174 424 734 864 316 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,328 39 73 266 228 307 171 334 733 967 294 $60,000 to $69,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,504 73 140 257 298 259 201 350 756 1,027 370 $70,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,484 124 140 228 202 213 127 371 785 979 349 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,420 161 165 426 389 433 217 719 1,343 1,662 696 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,751 212 64 349 315 243 146 604 1,096 1,440 611 $120,000 to $149,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,029 314 48 320 427 335 168 741 1,332 1,879 1,076 $150,000 to $199,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,926 587 42 440 547 325 185 1,090 1,319 1,950 1,567 $200,000 to $249,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,575 447 3 248 377 177 121 714 664 965 1,232 $250,000 to $299,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,267 273 – 123 234 131 69 428 238 657 944 $300,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,700 745 8 284 525 239 128 855 450 1,085 2,310 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,909 189,805 31,214 83,099 114,364 55,911 63,675 110,806 88,069 93,171 170,531**  **Current Total Loan as Percent of Value** Less than 20 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,174 94 240 647 413 1,629 474 1,489 1,316 2,072 1,297 20 to 39 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,478 167 219 616 618 1,032 383 1,669 1,488 2,557 1,763 40 to 59 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,524 330 229 634 672 859 478 1,635 2,090 2,973 1,826 60 to 79 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,924 647 295 740 836 601 439 1,536 2,684 3,713 1,991 80 to 89 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,128 521 195 451 433 266 248 732 1,453 1,956 987 90 to 99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,928 671 170 504 516 226 212 556 1,346 1,873 1,154 100 percent or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,789 766 691 650 922 324 355 620 1,398 1,974 1,797 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 .0 86 .0 82 .0 66 .0 72 .0 35 .0 58 .0 51 .0 67 .0 65 .0 65 .0**  **Reason Primary Mortgage Refinanced** Units with a refinanced primary

mortgage 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,220 224 269 792 947 1,337 429 1,950 3,337 3,321 3,613 To get lower interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,228 174 172 563 666 832 246 1,505 2,595 2,490 2,638 To reduce the monthly payment. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552 32 43 99 142 177 59 215 413 469 456 To increase payment period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 4 9 4 16 6 11 32 47 27 74 To reduce payment period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 5 9 25 40 37 19 67 158 188 160 To renew or extend a loan that has fallen due . 123 3 2 7 15 20 8 21 38 35 29 To receive cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,587 16 32 147 153 265 72 265 333 443 546 Other reason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,655 32 58 96 170 211 65 234 466 403 551 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## 68 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-15. 

## Mortgage Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Cash Received in Primary Mortgage**

**Refinance** Received refinance cash . . . . . . . . . . 1,587 16 32 147 153 265 72 265 333 443 546 Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 – 8 30 6 23 9 12 23 61 29 $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 3 15 25 26 25 9 13 90 75 53 $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 3 – 15 12 22 14 34 51 52 89 $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 – – 16 22 20 8 32 20 46 59 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 – 4 2 7 8 – 11 20 23 39 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 – – 5 8 23 2 22 15 22 41 $60,000 to $69,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 – – – 9 14 – 3 10 8 25 $70,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2 – – 8 1 – 8 3 6 8 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4 – 3 5 15 6 12 16 25 40 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 – – 4 12 16 5 11 5 18 57 $120,000 to $149,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 – – – 3 8 8 6 5 10 10 $150,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 4 – 5 21 24 – 19 10 34 32 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 – 5 41 15 65 10 82 65 63 65 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,000 (Z) (Z) 18,000 40,000 50,000 25,000 37,500 20,000 30,000 40,000 Percent of Primary Mortgage Refinanced** 

**Cash Used for Home Additions, Improvements, or Repairs**  Received refinance cash . . . . . . . . . . 1,587 16 32 147 153 265 72 265 333 443 546 Zero percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 10 21 56 63 113 34 85 116 242 204 1 to 9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 – 3 10 5 8 8 9 13 13 17 10 to 19 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 – 3 4 6 16 3 14 5 19 31 20 to 29 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 – – 3 13 6 5 7 3 16 27 30 to 39 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 – – 3 3 5 – 1 8 6 3 40 to 49 percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 – – 3 5 7 – 2 2 3 8 50 to 59 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 – – 5 6 13 7 16 17 27 39 60 to 69 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 – – – 2 3 – 5 4 – 2 70 to 79 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 – – 8 11 6 3 11 6 11 24 80 to 89 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 – – 4 10 7 – 1 8 5 7 90 to 99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 – – 4 2 5 – 21 8 6 11 100 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 6 6 31 24 55 3 74 124 67 161 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 – – 15 2 21 8 18 17 27 11 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 .0 (Z) (Z) 7 .0 20 .0 10 .0 – 50 .0 50 .0 – 25 .0 Percent of Nonrefinanced Primary** 

**Mortgage, Including Home-Equity Lump Sum, Used for Home Purchase and**  **Improvement** Units with a nonrefinanced primary mortgage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,898 2,739 1,555 3,062 3,153 2,916 1,682 5,579 7,729 12,165 6,425 Zero percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,901 468 341 681 687 765 381 927 1,162 2,378 1,435 1 to 9 percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 80 82 89 110 96 42 131 134 277 207 10 to 19 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 10 5 29 31 31 5 37 34 95 40 20 to 29 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 6 9 8 10 33 10 29 39 51 33 30 to 39 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 11 15 – 4 35 – 21 13 18 23 40 to 49 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 6 – 11 3 9 3 9 5 31 5 50 to 59 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 5 7 8 21 25 23 44 28 66 21 60 to 69 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 5 8 1 10 18 5 11 4 24 17 70 to 79 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 7 13 7 6 20 13 15 29 39 38 80 to 89 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 22 4 14 32 19 10 42 31 67 84 90 to 99 percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 14 3 15 20 7 7 49 68 69 35 100 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,611 2,031 1,016 1,975 2,040 1,663 1,039 3,960 5,944 8,512 4,195 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376 75 52 223 177 196 144 304 239 539 293 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0** See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 69 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 3-15. 

## Mortgage Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **OWNERS WITH ONE OR MORE HOME–**

**EQUITY LINE-OF-CREDIT MORTGAGES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,184 297 106 426 579 1,527 334 1,935 2,408 2,681 2,160**  **Total Home-Equity Line-of-Credit Limit** Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 11 7 18 25 40 19 55 76 105 59 $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 15 10 42 56 115 23 141 266 241 119 $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014 28 11 66 43 126 34 210 329 288 187 $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794 45 7 41 39 122 26 129 269 248 148 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 16 23 15 49 54 6 86 155 141 109 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 30 8 53 52 163 30 204 207 320 184 $60,000 to $69,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 10 2 27 20 48 10 93 114 94 104 $70,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 11 – – 25 45 16 77 63 81 106 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 14 4 13 30 62 2 84 69 102 81 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836 14 – 24 48 183 30 181 167 243 244 $120,000 to $149,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 10 – 9 13 50 6 62 54 67 71 $150,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,013 40 – 16 39 193 34 257 158 203 394 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739 54 33 103 140 325 98 358 481 547 354 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,000 50,000 40,000 39,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 40,000 50,000 68,000 Total Outstanding Line-of-Credit Loans**  Outstanding loan(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306 148 37 185 277 789 171 1,179 1,395 1,431 1,301 Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 16 10 31 36 160 28 174 289 265 109 $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982 9 5 27 45 166 23 199 312 287 183 $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 19 5 22 28 87 10 162 195 222 168 $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 15 – 29 16 63 6 106 137 99 117 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 14 – 16 23 47 17 70 100 88 96 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 14 7 3 22 38 8 61 42 62 62 $60,000 to $69,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 7 4 8 24 26 2 44 43 63 87 $70,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1 3 5 10 29 3 36 29 30 56 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 9 2 13 20 49 10 44 44 74 102 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 3 – 2 9 21 3 48 17 40 54 $120,000 to $149,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 2 – 2 14 12 6 17 9 39 45 $150,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 12 – 3 13 24 19 61 47 35 102 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 25 – 24 17 68 34 152 132 124 115 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,000 40,000 (Z) 30,000 40,000 21,659 40,000 27,000 20,000 23,000 40,000 Current Line-of-Credit Interest Rate**  Outstanding loan(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306 148 37 185 277 789 171 1,179 1,395 1,431 1,301 Less than 3 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 4 3 20 30 81 5 145 92 138 99 3 to 3.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 22 2 12 44 180 23 261 223 223 233 4 to 4.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 32 7 15 43 114 28 136 192 201 231 5 to 5.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 9 5 39 33 104 21 132 217 181 120 6 to 6.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 17 2 14 44 75 31 90 125 164 137 7 to 7.9 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 17 3 15 13 34 3 52 106 115 83 8 percent or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 11 6 18 21 24 7 34 120 96 90 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,271 35 9 52 48 179 53 329 320 314 307 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .5 4 .5 (Z) 5 .5 4 .8 4 .3 5 .0 4 .0 5 .0 4 .9 4 .5**  **Line-of-Credit Monthly Payment** Outstanding loan(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306 148 37 185 277 789 171 1,179 1,395 1,431 1,301 Less than $100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 16 – 17 21 100 9 128 156 138 110 $100 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010 34 5 48 68 163 53 176 303 297 234 $200 to $249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 25 12 16 32 80 13 96 196 194 150 $250 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 5 – 12 6 53 7 75 78 91 86 $300 to $349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 10 4 9 19 56 17 89 101 109 115 $350 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 5 – 9 18 23 7 45 26 53 55 $400 to $449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 3 – 10 18 26 3 41 61 84 52 $450 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 – 5 3 10 12 2 29 30 19 33 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 – – 12 17 43 12 97 97 125 96 $600 to $699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 6 – 3 17 38 2 37 35 42 69 $700 to $799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 3 3 7 10 16 7 20 27 27 35 $800 to $999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 10 – 6 4 22 8 29 41 30 46 $1,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 9 – 18 21 80 10 126 127 101 103 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 22 7 16 17 76 20 190 117 122 118 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 220 (Z) 250 300 250 255 300 240 250 300**  **Line-of-Credit Amount Used for Home**

**Additions, Improvements, or Repairs** Outstanding loan(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306 148 37 185 277 789 171 1,179 1,395 1,431 1,301 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,695 28 20 69 137 328 79 637 692 646 720 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,569 117 17 111 140 449 92 529 696 770 574 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4 – 6 – 12 – 13 7 15 6

1 Regular mortgages include all mortgages not classified as home-equity or reverse. 2 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 

## —Con.

## 70 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## This page is intentionally blank. Contents Introductory Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units 37 —Con. 38 Height and Condition of Building—Owner-Occupied Units 39 —Con. 40 Size of Unit and Lot—Owner-Occupied Units 41 —Con. 42 Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Owner-Occupied Units 43 —Con. 44 Fuels—Owner-Occupied Units 45 Failures in Equipment—Owner-Occupied Units 46 Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Owner-Occupied Units 47 —Con. 48 Neighborhood—Owner-Occupied Units 49 —Con. 50 —Con. 51 —Con. 52 Household Composition—Owner-Occupied Units 53 —Con. 54 —Con. 55 Previous Unit of Recent Movers—Owner-Occupied Units 56 Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Owner-Occupied Units 57 —Con. 58 Income Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units 59 Selected Housing Costs—Owner-Occupied Units 60 —Con. 61 —Con. 62 Value, Purchase Price, and Source of Down Payment—Owner-Occupied Units 63 —Con. 64 Mortgage Characteristics—Owner-Occupied Units 65 —Con. 66 —Con. 67 —Con. 68 —Con. 69

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 71 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-1. 

## Introductory Characteristics—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000**

**.** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

New con struction 4 years Manu

factured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**T otal** 

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378**  **941 1,421**  **7,446 6,300**  **4,623 9,334**  **7,073 7,119**  **12,392 8,794**  **Race and Hispanic Origin**
White alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,202 667 1,207 (X) 5,775 3,555 5,814 5,067 5,212 8,137 6,787

Non-Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,427 576 987 (X) (X) 3,104 4,062 3,886 4,797 6,208 4,537 Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,775 91 221 (X) 5,775 451 1,751 1,181 415 1,929 2,250 Black alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,446 198 140 7,446 252 786 2,841 1,525 1,413 3,706 802

Non-Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,195 192 135 7,195 (X) 765 2,749 1,398 1,402 3,635 760 Hispanic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 6 5 252 252 20 91 127 11 71 42 American Indian or Alaska Native alone

. . . . 466 7 39 (X) 130 21 143 43 131 82 209 Asian alone

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487 46 14 (X) 31 176 340 333 181 269 704 Pacific Islander alone 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 8

– (X) 26 15 24 7 15 31 87 Two or more races

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 16 20 (X) 87 70 172 98 168 168 203 Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2

. . . . . . . . . . . . 6,300 98 232 252 6,300 487 1,906 1,358 468 2,062 2,412 **Units in Structure** 1, detached

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,755 244 (X) 1,750 1,558 923 2,217 992 1,980 4,140 2,644 1, attached

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,021 93 (X) 501 299 228 498 516 374 670 461 2 to 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,998 116 (X) 1,533 1,271 782 2,057 1,964 1,541 1,874 1,619 5 to 9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,637 78 (X) 1,141 993 522 1,318 830 940 1,632 1,235 10 to 19

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,178 118 (X) 962 774 352 969 666 860 1,653 999 20 to 49

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,131 119 (X) 674 679 460 823 781 609 872 870 50 or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,237 145 (X) 745 495 1,198 968 1,220 614 707 696 Manufactured/mobile home or trailer

. . . . . . . 1,421 28 1,421 140 232 158 483 104 201 845 270 **Cooperatives and Condominiums** Cooperatives

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 3

– 42 38 51 43 135 28 18 41 Condominiums

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,181 105

– 356 413 324 374 468 355 778 579 **Year Structure Built 3, 5** 
2005 to 2009

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,283 941 77 268 144 106 224 146 160 579 397 2000 to 2004

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 (X) 118 279 227 254 365 165 324 743 500 1995 to 1999

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,603 (X) 187 273 206 259 367 84 335 753 433 1990 to 1994

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,280 (X) 204 270 159 201 273 113 271 539 358 1985 to 1989

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,489 (X) 158 499 398 369 488 248 388 982 872 1980 to 1984

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,179 (X) 153 437 421 325 606 179 296 1,187 517 1975 to 1979

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,364 (X) 169 931 892 623 1,342 570 984 1,688 1,121 1970 to 1974

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,718 (X) 200 857 677 567 1,037 597 729 1,499 893 1960 to 1969

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,409 (X) 138 1,005 817 583 1,225 787 824 1,555 1,242 1950 to 1959

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,243 (X) 7 822 652 362 837 641 696 1,031 876 1940 to 1949

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,322 (X) 6 533 579 275 719 581 380 740 621 1930 to 1939

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,924 (X) 3 383 378 208 552 624 433 459 409 1920 to 1929

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,811 (X) (X) 372 287 195 459 749 470 307 285 1919 or earlier

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,021 (X) (X) 519 463 297 839 1,590 830 331 270 **Median**

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1971**  **2007 1986**  **1971 1970**  **1973 1970**  **1950 1969**  **1976 1974**  **Metropolitan/Nonmetropolitan Areas** Inside metropolitan statistical areas

. . . . . . . 29,846 815 846 6,838 5,854 3,807 7,524 6,454 5,548 10,036 7,808

In central cities

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,837 442 132 4,070 3,104 1,829 4,381 3,513 2,869 4,714 3,740 Sub urbs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,009 373 714 2,768 2,750 1,978 3,143 2,941 2,679 5,322 4,068 Outside metropolitan statistical areas

. . . . . . 5,532 126 575 608 446 816 1,809 619 1,571 2,357 985 **Regions**
Northeast

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,073 95 104 1,525 1,358 1,270 1,757 7,073 (X) (X) (X) Midwest

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,119 121 201 1,413 468 1,088 2,075 (X) 7,119 (X) (X) South

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,392 442 845 3,706 2,062 1,267 3,605 (X) (X) 12,392 (X) West

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,794 282 270 802 2,412 999 1,896 (X) (X) (X) 8,794 **Place Size 4**  Less than 2,500 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,271 35 79 104 73 188 336 145 504 457 165 2,500 to 9,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,795 86 179 592 559 520 982 618 838 1,570 770 10,000 to 19,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,173 68 102 599 396 465 869 598 721 1,281 574 20,000 to 49,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,204 114 68 1,122 993 705 1,384 820 1,157 1,779 1,448 50,000 to 99,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,235 91 64 793 987 486 1,045 753 911 1,160 1,411 100,000 to 249,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,685 106 21 940 715 441 917 570 588 1,276 1,252 250,000 to 499,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,781 81 2 884 466 316 878 198 496 1,065 1,023 500,000 to 999,999 persons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,644 52 7 487 313 189 457 148 432 615 449 1,000,000 persons or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,978 60 3 1,185 1,211 570 1,220 2,090 565 473 851

1 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. 2 Because Hispanics may be any race, data may overlap slightly with other groups. Most Hispanics report themselves as White, but some report themselves as Black or in other categories. 3 For manufactured/mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier. 4 Does not add up to total because not all populations reside in a place; see Appendix A. 5 Median is estimated from the printed distribution; see Appendix A.

## 72 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-2. 

## Height and Condition of Building—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000**

**.** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

New con struction 4 years Manu

factured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**T otal** 

**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378**  **941 1,421**  **7,446 6,300**  **4,623 9,334**  **7,073 7,119**  **12,392 8,794**  **Stories in Structure 1** 
1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,148 186 (X) 1,828 1,828 1,258 2,600 302 1,189 4,648 3,010 2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,657 295 (X) 2,777 2,408 1,169 3,122 1,887 2,559 4,393 3,818 3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,787 251 (X) 1,691 1,033 921 1,899 2,356 2,458 1,765 1,209 4 to 6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,785 111 (X) 553 584 563 734 1,621 415 397 353 7 or more

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,580 68 (X) 458 216 554 495 804 297 345 134 **Stories Between Main and Apartment Entrances**
Multiunits , 2 or more floors

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,503 532 (X) 4,451 3,694 2,745 5,182 5,333 4,010 5,567 4,593 None (on same floor)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,429 155 (X) 1,408 1,214 968 1,759 1,522 1,289 1,985 1,633 1 (up or down)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,536 116 (X) 1,239 1,105 486 1,422 1,310 1,261 1,607 1,358 2 or more (up or down)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,538 261 (X) 1,804 1,376 1,290 2,000 2,500 1,460 1,976 1,602
**Elevator on Floor**
Multiunits , 2 or more floors

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,503 532 (X) 4,451 3,694 2,745 5,182 5,333 4,010 5,567 4,593 With 1 or more elevators working

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,303 156 (X) 755 508 1,220 916 1,387 645 607 664 With elevator, none in working condition

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

– (X) 7 14 7 15 11 2 5 17 No elevator

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,165 375 (X) 3,689 3,173 1,518 4,251 3,935 3,363 4,955 3,912

Units , 3 or more floors from main entrance

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,302 49 (X) 307 232 116 305 598 253 295 156 **Foundation**
1-unit b uilding, excluding manufactured/mobile

homes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,776 337 (X) 2,251 1,857 1,151 2,715 1,508 2,353 4,810 3,105 With basement under all of building

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,892 51 (X) 576 275 273 620 966 1,210 464 252 With basement under part of building

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 5 (X) 75 72 113 183 209 339 166 144 With crawl space

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,240 48 (X) 614 525 315 771 85 400 1,801 952 On concrete slab

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,486 229 (X) 920 921 427 1,059 219 387 2,183 1,697 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 3 (X) 66 64 24 83 28 17 195 60 **External Building Conditions 2**  Sagging roof

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 3 93 96 56 23 192 62 149 214 91 Missing roofing material

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 19 89 158 168 89 259 110 239 360 249 Hole in roof

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 3 87 102 68 23 160 61 99 175 95 Missing bricks, siding, or other outside wall material

. . . . . . . 661 5 59 138 112 40 235 87 192 237 146 Sloping outside walls

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 3 37 69 50 22 135 52 101 161 72 Boarded up windows

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 3 46 56 48 18 116 39 79 107 38 Broken windows

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 3 141 135 166 45 290 79 238 362 193 Bars on windows

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 3 6 215 276 60 237 81 72 234 316 Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole

. . . . . . . . . . 540 2 23 115 54 36 164 66 189 182 102 None of the above

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,730 338 1,059 1,660 1,432 1,065 2,164 1,207 1,774 4,307 2,442 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 6 42 104 32 24 92 50 63 161 67 **Previous Occupancy**
Unit b uilt 1990 or later

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,897 941 587 1,090 736 819 1,230 507 1,089 2,613 1,688 Not previously occupied

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 342 75 148 115 204 187 89 134 306 179 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7 8 17 3 10 30 5 7 42 1 **Site Placement**
Man ufactured/mobile homes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421 28 1,421 140 232 158 483 104 201 845 270 First site

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 17 598 58 99 93 178 43 85 350 120 Moved from another site

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 4 254 35 14 40 92 36 29 155 34 Don’t know

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 3 265 28 31 12 81 19 42 154 51 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 4 304 19 88 13 132 6 46 186 66 **Manufactured/Mobile Home Size**
Man ufactured/mobile homes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421 28 1,421 140 232 158 483 104 201 845 270 Single-wide

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,056 11 1,056 121 162 127 395 88 167 676 125 Double-wide

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 17 358 19 67 31 87 15 31 169 143 Triple-wide or larger

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

– 3

– 3

– – – – – 3 Size not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

– 4

– – – 1 1 3

– – **Manufactured/Mobile Home Tiedowns**
Man ufactured/mobile homes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421 28 1,421 140 232 158 483 104 201 845 270 Anchored by tiedowns, bolts, or other means

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,222 20 1,222 135 197 137 412 73 160 768 221 Not anchored

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

– 119 5 23 14 52 11 23 61 24 Anchoring not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 8 79

– 12 6 19 20 18 16 25

See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 73 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-2. 

## Height and Condition of Building—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Manufactured/Mobile Home Setup** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421 28 1,421 140 232 158 483 104 201 845 270 Set on permanent masonry foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 17 209 8 29 23 35 16 43 84 65 Resting on concrete pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 4 206 6 37 18 83 25 63 77 40 Up on blocks, but not on concrete pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943 4 943 122 151 111 352 52 87 656 149 Setup in some other way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 – 14 – 2 2 5 6 – 8 – Setup not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4 50 4 12 4 8 5 9 20 16

1 Figures exclude manufactured/mobile homes. 2 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. Figures do not include multiunit structures. 

## —Con.

## 74 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-3. 

## Size of Unit and Lot—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794**
**Rooms**
1 room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 2 – 45 54 79 134 106 53 30 137 2 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 10 2 147 125 160 297 248 128 186 317 3 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,675 160 55 1,479 1,282 1,763 2,378 1,932 1,670 2,231 1,841 4 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,354 237 539 2,363 2,262 1,340 2,968 2,130 2,312 3,997 2,915 5 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,212 260 550 1,984 1,551 779 2,041 1,423 1,608 3,303 1,878 6 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,232 161 170 954 691 312 1,007 791 817 1,685 939 7 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,735 75 96 285 247 116 355 265 352 613 505 8 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 18 4 129 65 55 89 110 121 229 162 9 rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 10 5 41 18 7 51 37 38 64 74 10 rooms or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 8 – 18 6 12 14 31 19 55 25 **Rooms Used for Business** Business only 1 or more rooms with direct access. . . . 2,398 78 100 553 468 318 718 419 417 996 565 1 or more rooms, no direct access . . . . . 1,359 52 33 272 177 148 221 261 258 461 379 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 – 2 40 10 27 44 59 22 45 26
Business and other use 1 or more rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,283 116 119 771 615 359 783 649 836 1,501 1,297 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 4 3 44 19 25 54 74 34 47 26
**Bedrooms**
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 12 2 100 113 149 273 209 132 92 311 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,720 185 60 1,927 1,626 2,123 2,900 2,447 2,026 2,883 2,364 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,200 314 642 2,989 2,762 1,586 3,450 2,684 3,055 4,993 3,468 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,359 341 634 1,963 1,460 598 2,081 1,327 1,472 3,561 1,999 4 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,354 88 83 467 339 167 630 406 434 863 652 **Complete Bathrooms**
None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 – 3 42 42 22 90 73 42 43 70 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,894 284 612 4,984 4,288 3,469 6,794 5,713 5,093 6,893 5,196 1 1/2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,575 36 136 853 509 383 872 654 895 1,261 765 2 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,680 621 670 1,567 1,461 749 1,577 632 1,090 4,196 2,762 **Square Footage of Unit** Single detached and

manufactured/mobile homes . . 11,176 272 1,421 1,890 1,790 1,081 2,700 1,096 2,181 4,985 2,914 Less than 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 – 47 21 70 27 84 28 18 101 73 500 to 749 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 4 186 115 164 101 209 67 150 318 151 750 to 999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,495 – 449 298 251 145 464 122 354 695 324 1,000 to 1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,441 44 359 537 575 323 850 219 647 1,641 934 1,500 to 1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,235 74 166 353 279 203 484 211 367 979 679 2,000 to 2,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,134 79 19 149 118 87 164 104 228 487 314 2,500 to 2,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 25 4 102 34 45 55 49 65 196 118 3,000 to 3,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 9 3 38 41 41 52 49 83 88 81 4,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 8 17 19 40 23 36 54 43 77 68 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992 29 171 257 218 86 302 193 225 403 171 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300 1904 980 1280 1200 1205 1200 1500 1248 1280 1400 Lot Size** 
1-unit structures 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,823 342 1,421 2,338 2,040 1,255 3,135 1,554 2,482 5,510 3,276 Less than 1/8 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,717 78 287 577 600 269 707 435 503 859 920 1/8 up to 1/4 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,022 112 318 796 766 368 1,067 320 863 1,548 1,291 1/4 up to 1/2 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,084 75 154 437 317 198 471 207 390 1,030 457 1/2 up to 1 acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162 23 156 194 92 100 223 171 146 683 162 1 up to 5 acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120 26 399 291 202 241 503 301 388 1,106 325 5 up to 10 acres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 7 43 9 18 29 43 39 44 94 28 10 acres or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 21 64 34 46 50 122 82 149 190 93 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 .22 0 .21 0 .32 0 .14 0 .13 0 .23 0 .15 0 .25 0 .20 0 .25 0 .13**
**Persons Per Room** 0.50 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,394 631 768 4,595 2,455 4,123 5,375 4,537 4,923 7,858 5,076 0.51 to 1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,484 296 576 2,595 2,982 486 3,260 2,264 2,047 4,104 3,069 1.01 to 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220 14 71 225 684 7 553 211 125 387 498 1.51 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 – 6 31 179 7 146 60 25 43 151 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 75 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-3. 

## Size of Unit and Lot—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Persons per Bedroom** 0.50 or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,097 184 341 1,251 497 1,293 1,488 1,052 1,405 2,392 1,248 0.51 to 1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,951 459 555 3,600 2,069 2,780 4,165 3,524 3,633 5,868 3,926 1.01 to 1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,863 162 284 1,155 1,071 112 1,258 865 918 1,853 1,227 1.51 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,722 123 239 1,341 2,550 290 2,150 1,423 1,031 2,187 2,082 No bedrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744 12 2 100 113 149 273 209 132 92 311 **Square Feet per Person** Single detached and

manufactured/mobile homes . . . . 11,176 272 1,421 1,890 1,790 1,081 2,700 1,096 2,181 4,985 2,914 Less than 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 3 102 117 251 16 256 56 64 278 149 200 to 299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,331 10 275 262 401 34 426 83 185 658 405 300 to 399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,394 25 206 231 244 46 333 110 281 634 369 400 to 499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,272 32 191 192 193 84 274 88 245 531 407 500 to 599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,097 39 92 170 133 107 220 66 215 525 292 600 to 699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894 16 59 133 62 63 174 83 219 378 213 700 to 799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 25 77 90 56 79 107 48 133 249 162 800 to 899 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 30 70 119 43 60 107 62 88 228 131 900 to 999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 4 60 39 23 35 73 38 102 171 47 1,000 to 1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,293 34 79 165 110 250 227 127 228 594 344 1,500 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 25 39 114 58 220 201 143 196 336 224 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992 29 171 257 218 86 302 193 225 403 171 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 625 400 500 340 900 450 625 567 500 500** 

1 Does not include cooperatives or condominiums. 

## —Con.

## 76 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-4. 

## Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Equipment**  **1** Lacking complete kitchen facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,374 26 6 286 276 144 396 381 302 286 404 With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, and oven or

burners) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,004 915 1,415 7,161 6,024 4,479 8,937 6,692 6,817 12,106 8,389 Kitchen sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,180 939 1,421 7,417 6,273 4,582 9,251 6,994 7,087 12,374 8,725 Refrigerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,193 941 1,415 7,401 6,267 4,598 9,255 7,007 7,097 12,351 8,738 Cooking stove or range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,886 937 1,409 7,357 6,213 4,504 9,121 6,985 7,013 12,263 8,625 Burners, no stove or range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 3 3 26 18 12 41 14 21 29 34 Microwave oven only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 1 6 42 50 74 112 24 73 64 91 Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,393 874 413 2,851 2,340 1,621 2,953 2,016 2,783 6,813 4,782 Washing machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,545 819 1,225 3,741 2,862 2,056 4,407 2,751 3,775 8,211 4,808 Clothes dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,343 791 1,153 3,297 2,425 1,791 3,855 2,291 3,707 7,720 4,625 Disposal in kitchen sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,933 739 155 3,034 2,847 1,983 3,276 1,222 3,137 5,711 5,863 Trash compactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730 54 15 199 124 86 145 137 110 304 180 Air conditioning **:** 2 Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,161 797 817 4,186 2,812 2,302 4,377 1,229 3,519 9,923 3,490 Additional central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 60 48 249 162 102 235 33 84 658 145 1 room unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,229 22 202 1,190 1,173 1,036 1,936 2,075 1,862 946 1,346 2 room units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,332 26 172 719 707 362 828 1,596 647 770 319 3 room units or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,314 6 73 237 323 93 286 649 153 421 92 **Safety Equipment 1**  Working smoke detector Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,565 926 1,231 6,942 5,467 4,307 8,398 6,659 6,742 11,109 8,055 Powered by: Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,528 97 89 459 390 623 670 577 453 921 577 Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,326 440 881 5,266 4,276 2,733 6,241 4,892 4,986 7,671 5,777 Both . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,960 353 257 1,073 723 785 1,272 1,107 1,119 2,244 1,491 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751 36 4 145 78 166 216 83 184 273 210 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,472 10 168 426 799 256 842 350 314 1,137 669 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 5 21 78 34 59 93 64 62 146 69 Batteries replaced in last 6 months 3 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,432 510 807 4,777 3,761 2,741 5,603 4,643 4,656 7,093 5,040 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,788 250 301 1,405 1,091 705 1,568 1,171 1,235 2,442 1,940 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,066 34 31 158 146 72 341 184 214 380 288 Fire extinguisher purchased or recharged in the last

2 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,980 385 513 2,423 1,738 1,296 2,719 2,259 2,323 4,684 2,715 Sprinkler system inside home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,081 415 23 611 353 857 726 643 570 1,078 790 Working carbon monoxide detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,007 254 242 1,943 1,393 1,230 2,084 3,726 2,268 1,797 1,216 **Main Heating Equipment** Warm-air furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,450 639 1,054 4,289 2,930 2,243 4,983 2,466 5,017 7,406 4,560 Steam or hot water system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,012 29 – 1,129 1,036 827 1,264 3,547 943 204 318 Electric heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500 218 178 890 561 447 795 75 160 2,790 474 Built-in electric units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,641 33 21 336 338 488 725 614 674 325 1,029 Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air units without ducts . . . . . 2,760 15 39 420 952 349 838 235 211 476 1,838 Room heaters with flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 3 11 69 51 63 133 54 34 176 107 Room heaters without flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 – 31 142 87 53 157 11 23 358 22 Portable electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 – 55 102 241 81 266 22 22 405 184 Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 – 12 2 16 36 57 14 25 76 76 Fireplaces with inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 – – – 2 1 – 3 – 6 9 Fireplaces without inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – – – – – – – – – 7 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 2 12 45 29 14 57 16 8 106 24 Cooking stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 – 3 9 11 5 11 18 – 24 8 None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 3 5 14 47 14 47 – 3 39 138 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 77 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-4. 

## Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Other Heating Equipment 1** 
Warm-air furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2 – – – 4 5 3 7 11 4 Steam or hot water system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – – – 3 – 2 – – 3 2 Electric heat pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 3 – 3 – – – – 6 – Built-in electric units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 8 15 71 60 83 119 60 66 148 180 Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air units without ducts . . . . . 12 – – 3 3 3 7 3 3 – 7 Room heaters with flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 – 6 11 19 20 30 15 9 37 46 Room heaters without flue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 – 29 43 24 46 71 34 55 134 41 Portable electric heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,832 42 179 747 559 458 882 655 952 1,166 1,059 Stoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 13 69 34 43 33 102 89 57 119 160 Fireplaces with inserts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 41 54 68 44 35 83 32 72 191 169 Fireplaces without inserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 25 15 109 121 32 121 56 99 329 412 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 4 4 11 7 15 18 20 22 20 21 Cooking stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – – 4 4 – 9 2 4 3 6 None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,863 813 1,072 6,329 5,369 3,899 7,843 6,094 5,800 10,281 6,688 

## —Con.

**Plumbing** With all plumbing facilities

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,722 938 1,400 7,302 6,160 4,530 9,135 6,814 7,005 12,254 8,648 Lacking some or all plumbing facilities 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656 3 21 145 140 93 198 259 114 138 146

No hot piped water

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

– 3 19 7 8 32 35 11 13

– No bathtub and no show er

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

– – 19 22 12 32 30 10 9 26 No flush toilet

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

– – 13 21 7 24 27 7 4 26 No exclusive use

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 3 17 121 119 83 153 217 95 120 125 **Primary Source of Water** Public system or private company

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,655 879 1,106 7,318 6,174 4,388 8,990 6,685 6,715 11,702 8,552 Well serving 1 to 5 units

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,660 62 306 121 123 229 318 371 399 657 234

Drilled

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,404 58 279 105 99 209 265 324 332 541 206 Dug

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 2 15 8 8 18 30 25 30 59 8 Not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 3 12 8 16 2 23 22 36 56 20 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

– 9 7 4 5 26 17 5 34 8 **Safety of Primary Source of Water** Selected primar y water sources 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,366 941 1,421 7,442 6,300 4,623 9,329 7,070 7,119 12,386 8,791 Safe to drink

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,095 855 1,249 6,576 4,927 4,191 8,029 6,342 6,582 10,959 7,212 Not safe to drink

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,882 77 156 795 1,320 387 1,173 643 470 1,276 1,492 Safety not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 8 16 71 53 46 128 85 67 150 87 **Source of Drinking Water**
Primar y source not safe to drink

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,882 77 156 795 1,320 387 1,173 643 470 1,276 1,492 Drinking and primary water source the same

. . . . . . . . . . . . 509 3 17 100 148 49 161 95 100 186 128

Public or private system

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 3 17 100 148 49 161 93 100 183 128 Individual well

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

– – – – – – 2

– 3

– Spring

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Cistern

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Stream or lake

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Drinking and primary water source different

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,372 75 139 695 1,172 338 1,012 548 370 1,091 1,364

Public or private system

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

– – – – – 2

– 2

– – Individual well

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

– 4 6 6 3 6 2

– 13

– Spring

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

– 4 13 13 11 18 40 3 11 6 Cistern

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

– – – 6 2

– – – – 9 Stream or lake

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

– – – – – – – – 3 3 Commercial bottled water

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,801 69 122 591 1,016 276 849 397 302 907 1,195 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 6 9 84 132 45 137 108 62 157 151 Source of drinking water not reported

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – **Means of Sewage Disposal**
Public sewer

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,732 858 790 7,259 6,094 4,287 8,765 6,602 6,635 11,114 8,381 Septic tank, cesspool, or chemical toilet

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,640 83 631 184 203 336 566 468 483 1,276 413 Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

– – 3 3

– 3 3 1 2

–

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Includes only those who responded they had some type of air conditioning. 3 Restricted to units with smoke detector powered by both electricity and batteries, or batteries only. 4 Excludes units where primary source of drinking water is commercial bottled water.

## 78 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-5. 

## Fuels—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Main House Heating Fuel**  Housing units with heating fuel . . . 35,198 938 1,416 7,432 6,253 4,609 9,286 7,073 7,116 12,353 8,655 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,632 619 712 3,477 2,749 2,129 4,311 1,307 2,250 8,637 3,438 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,573 265 362 3,293 2,834 1,845 4,022 3,344 4,367 2,969 4,893 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929 28 226 139 84 122 247 138 282 390 119 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,521 9 31 474 525 444 556 2,197 126 148 50 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 3 50 39 30 10 56 36 3 103 11 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – – – – – 4 5 – 2 – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 13 35 2 19 39 67 38 33 96 110 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – – 3 – 3 – – – – 3 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 – – 5 11 18 24 8 54 8 31 **Cooking Fuel** With cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,235 941 1,417 7,425 6,281 4,589 9,273 7,024 7,107 12,355 8,750 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,567 706 853 4,203 3,025 2,976 5,589 2,624 4,579 9,566 4,798 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,923 214 348 3,102 3,160 1,480 3,476 4,162 2,384 2,510 3,867 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 21 217 117 94 124 194 230 138 275 83 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – – 3 – – 1 4 – 4 – Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 – – – 3 9 12 4 6 – 3 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – **Water Heating Fuel** With hot piped water . . . . . . . . . . . 35,319 941 1,417 7,427 6,293 4,616 9,301 7,038 7,108 12,379 8,794 Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,095 605 1,059 3,400 2,383 2,223 4,401 1,558 2,760 8,892 2,885 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,865 305 263 3,620 3,387 1,989 4,354 3,732 4,151 3,247 5,734 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 19 95 88 91 81 164 167 186 204 134 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,604 11 – 314 424 302 374 1,573 – 28 4 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – – – – 3 – – – 3 – Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – – – – 3 – 6 – – 3 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 – – 3 3 2 3 – – 2 12 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 – – 1 6 12 6 2 11 4 22 **Central Air Conditioning Fuel** With central air conditioning . . . . . 18,161 797 817 4,186 2,812 2,302 4,377 1,229 3,519 9,923 3,490 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,765 778 811 4,093 2,762 2,238 4,313 1,143 3,407 9,819 3,396 Piped gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 19 4 85 47 57 57 86 105 89 89 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 – 3 8 2 8 7 – 8 14 5 **Other Central Air Fuel**
With other central air . . . . . . . . . . . 920 60 48 249 162 102 235 33 84 658 145 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 60 48 248 160 102 235 29 80 651 143 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 – – 1 2 1 – 4 1 7 2 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – – – – – – – 3 – – **Clothes Dryer Fuel** With clothes dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,343 791 1,153 3,297 2,425 1,791 3,855 2,291 3,707 7,720 4,625 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,438 682 1,074 2,780 1,854 1,572 3,328 1,699 2,956 7,405 3,378 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,785 107 51 502 560 202 505 568 715 283 1,219 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 2 28 15 11 17 22 24 36 32 28 **Units Using Each Fuel 1**  Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,368 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,330 7,067 7,119 12,389 8,794 Piped gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,186 381 417 4,575 4,215 2,610 5,497 5,230 5,046 4,444 6,466 Bottled gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,425 32 304 200 167 189 382 318 336 595 175 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,800 19 37 539 589 482 659 2,428 144 174 55 Kerosene or other liquid fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 3 50 42 30 13 57 40 3 110 11 Coal or coke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – – – – – 4 5 – 2 – Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 13 35 2 19 40 67 38 33 96 110 Solar energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – – 6 3 5 3 – – 2 15 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 – 3 8 23 27 38 11 65 22 52 All electric units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,216 531 637 2,711 1,952 1,694 3,394 836 1,740 7,385 2,254

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 79 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-6. 

## Failures in Equipment—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Water Supply Stoppage**  With hot and cold piped water . . . . . . . . . 35,319 941 1,417 7,427 6,293 4,616 9,301 7,038 7,108 12,379 8,794 No stoppage in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,370 908 1,294 7,088 5,989 4,397 8,763 6,694 6,768 11,722 8,187 With stoppage in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,601 18 103 251 264 182 418 275 306 475 545 No stoppage lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . 394 5 43 51 63 61 80 71 77 108 139 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 10 36 109 111 79 190 124 173 231 232 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 – 12 39 53 22 69 31 28 63 99 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 – 3 24 15 8 17 20 14 24 34 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 3 10 22 23 12 48 27 9 41 35 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 – – 6 – 1 15 2 6 8 6 Stoppage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 15 20 89 40 36 120 69 34 183 62 **Flush Toilet Breakdowns** With one or more flush toilets . . . . . . . . . 35,313 941 1,421 7,434 6,279 4,616 9,310 7,046 7,112 12,388 8,768 With at least one working toilet at all times in

last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,766 923 1,366 7,008 5,992 4,445 8,742 6,741 6,823 11,788 8,415 None working some time in last 3 months . . . . . . . 1,210 3 34 336 249 134 452 237 258 427 288 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . 371 3 11 90 74 57 118 71 102 100 98 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 – 16 167 101 57 208 122 117 198 113 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 – 1 47 33 16 67 26 22 69 50 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 – 3 2 12 – 12 4 2 15 9 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 – 4 30 25 2 44 10 13 45 16 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – – – 4 2 1 3 4 – 3 Breakdowns not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 15 20 89 38 37 116 68 31 173 65 **Sewage Disposal Breakdowns** With public sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,732 858 790 7,259 6,094 4,287 8,765 6,602 6,635 11,114 8,381 No breakdowns in last 3 months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,211 851 783 7,108 5,951 4,231 8,573 6,520 6,515 10,941 8,236 With breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 7 6 151 143 55 192 81 120 174 145 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . 94 – – 20 34 5 34 15 22 18 38 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 3 6 72 66 39 102 49 65 98 71 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 – – 35 20 8 23 8 19 29 22 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3 – 11 6 – 19 4 6 20 3 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 – – 13 16 4 14 5 8 10 10 With septic tank or cesspool . . . . . . . . . . 2,640 83 631 184 203 336 566 468 483 1,276 413 No breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,591 81 626 184 193 336 552 463 481 1,249 399 With breakdowns in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2 5 – 10 – 13 6 2 27 14 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . 3 – – – – – 3 – – 3 – 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 – 5 – 10 – 10 6 2 18 14 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – 3 times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – – – – – – – – 3 – 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 – – – – – – – 2 – **Heating Problems** With heating equipment and occupied

last winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,244 749 1,261 6,670 5,467 4,457 8,177 6,541 6,352 10,802 7,550 Not uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more

last winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,957 689 1,016 5,612 4,828 4,091 6,801 5,452 5,388 9,516 6,601 Uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more

last winter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,622 43 212 883 573 260 1,179 881 873 1,014 853 Equipment breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,144 9 46 349 208 62 415 338 292 313 201 No breakdowns lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . 12 – – – 5 1 4 3 4 2 2 1 time lasting 6 hours or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 9 14 161 78 23 200 160 154 177 108 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 – 4 59 42 17 59 68 58 38 27 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 – 9 28 12 3 38 29 31 20 6 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 – 19 77 61 18 92 71 37 60 46 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 – – 22 10 – 21 7 7 16 11 Other causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,581 34 169 574 388 196 815 592 602 730 657 Utility interruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 18 81 78 46 49 126 123 113 200 60 Inadequate heating capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 5 8 196 121 59 280 153 141 176 205 Inadequate insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 6 37 134 65 43 189 96 142 141 144 Cost of heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 – 19 68 63 28 111 85 102 92 142 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 3 38 153 122 45 183 163 172 173 169 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 – 2 – – 2 3 2 – 3 Reason for discomfort not reported . . . . . . . . . . 24 – – 8 7 6 4 15 3 3 3 Discomfort not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 17 33 175 66 105 198 207 91 272 96 See footnotes at end of table.

## 80 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-6. 

## Failures in Equipment—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Electric Fuses and Circuit Breakers** With electrical wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,351 938 1,421 7,444 6,293 4,621 9,330 7,065 7,119 12,381 8,787 No fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months . . . . . 31,879 867 1,271 6,762 5,876 4,391 8,422 6,455 6,349 11,156 7,919 With fuses or breakers blown in last 3 months . . . . . 3,082 61 124 606 368 191 796 552 719 1,019 792 1 time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,540 23 62 278 162 135 356 249 364 538 388 2 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 17 26 141 84 29 169 139 179 198 185 3 times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 19 9 71 40 8 94 67 59 98 79 4 times or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 3 27 97 74 17 155 86 112 172 137 Number of times not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 – – 19 8 1 23 11 6 12 3 Problem not repor ted or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . 391 11 26 76 49 39 112 58 51 206 77

1 Other causes and equipment breakdowns may not add to the total as both may be reported. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 81 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-7. 

## Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Selected Amenities**  **1** Porch, deck, balcony, or patio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,984 740 1,181 5,049 4,066 2,836 6,164 3,325 5,055 10,024 6,580 Telephone available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,196 861 1,369 7,114 6,123 4,498 8,933 6,685 6,877 12,044 8,590 Usable fireplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,540 151 123 659 625 314 626 335 550 1,789 1,866 Separate dining room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,959 273 287 2,298 1,780 1,012 2,163 2,103 1,963 3,620 2,274 With 2 or more living rooms or recreation rooms, etc. . . 2,934 143 89 421 298 250 350 390 618 1,060 866 Garage or carport included with home . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,258 497 281 1,937 2,382 1,563 2,592 1,385 2,748 3,612 5,513 Not included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,105 444 1,139 5,505 3,918 3,053 6,739 5,685 4,367 8,778 3,276 Off-street parking included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,676 380 1,048 4,326 2,790 2,439 5,287 3,188 3,717 8,030 2,742 Off-street parking not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – – 1 1 – 1 1 1 – – Garage or carport not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 – – 4 – 7 2 3 5 3 5 **Cars and Trucks Available 1**  No cars, trucks, or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,669 94 130 2,141 1,238 1,834 3,203 2,531 1,267 1,734 1,136 Other households without cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,415 98 348 674 974 340 1,082 564 979 1,804 1,068 1 car with or without trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,418 528 712 3,523 2,824 2,095 4,121 2,978 3,588 6,447 4,405 2 cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,719 186 155 951 1,027 320 791 862 1,091 2,047 1,718 3 or more cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,157 35 75 156 236 35 136 138 194 360 465 With cars, no trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,009 569 550 3,772 2,880 2,005 3,970 3,213 3,645 6,383 4,768 1 truck or van with or without cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,925 206 480 1,214 1,581 561 1,619 968 1,695 3,107 2,155 2 or more trucks or vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,775 72 260 319 601 223 541 362 512 1,168 734 **Owner or Manager on Property** Rental, multiunit 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,181 576 (X) 5,056 4,212 3,314 6,136 5,461 4,564 6,737 5,419 Owner or manager lives on property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,461 198 (X) 1,419 1,568 1,182 1,838 1,615 1,176 1,966 2,704 Neither owner nor manager lives on property . . . . . . . . 14,720 378 (X) 3,636 2,644 2,132 4,298 3,846 3,388 4,771 2,715 **Selected Deficiencies 1**  Signs of rats in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 – 18 87 82 15 90 55 26 114 63 Signs of mice in last 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,138 13 190 549 464 225 689 707 415 674 342 Signs of rodents, not sure which kind in last

3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 – 6 75 24 8 81 57 31 85 16 Holes in floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 – 38 177 116 42 223 134 80 244 103 Open cracks or holes (interior) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,416 18 123 617 402 149 862 545 524 861 487 Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,132 3 48 306 210 74 423 269 270 375 219 No electrical wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3 – 2 7 2 4 8 – 12 6 Exposed wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 4 5 31 27 27 46 40 23 43 28 Rooms without electric outlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 11 28 187 121 56 232 99 144 272 109 **Special Living 3**  Services available to residents 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 976 26 (X) 165 76 802 331 229 307 271 168 Meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 17 (X) 63 38 537 178 110 221 166 114 Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 17 (X) 115 51 587 215 148 227 200 110 Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 10 (X) 60 19 466 135 71 195 132 105 Financial management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 6 (X) 35 9 198 91 66 71 69 41 Aid with telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 11 (X) 23 15 211 71 45 76 79 51 Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 9 (X) 47 13 369 106 75 144 124 68 Services and assistance available to

residents 1, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 8 (X) 25 8 284 81 51 118 85 54 Bathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 5 (X) 17 7 247 69 41 105 70 45 Eating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 4 (X) 20 4 218 56 34 95 63 42 Moving about. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 2 (X) 24 6 236 65 44 104 64 47 Dressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 5 (X) 19 5 227 59 34 97 65 49 Toilet use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 2 (X) 18 5 206 53 34 89 57 43 **Access to Structure** Entering building from outside 5. . . . . . . . . . . . 22,181 576 – 5,056 4,212 3,314 6,136 5,461 4,564 6,737 5,419 Use of steps not required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,239 292 – 1,915 1,519 1,780 2,386 1,650 1,438 2,972 2,180 Use of steps required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,935 284 – 3,141 2,690 1,529 3,750 3,809 3,122 3,766 3,239 Use of steps not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – – – 2 5 – 2 5 – – Entering home from outside 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,197 365 1,421 2,391 2,089 1,309 3,198 1,612 2,555 5,655 3,375 Use of steps not required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,357 230 196 951 950 551 1,231 491 754 2,380 1,732 Use of steps required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,824 135 1,225 1,439 1,139 751 1,956 1,121 1,798 3,262 1,643 Use of steps not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 – – – – 7 11 – 4 13 – See footnotes at end of table.

## 82 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-7. 

## Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Selected Physical Problems** Severe physical problems 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 3 51 267 216 118 348 363 188 236 207 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656 3 21 145 140 93 198 259 114 138 146 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 – 28 105 73 22 130 100 68 79 53 Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 – 3 3 1 – 6 7 – 7 – Upkeep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 – 3 17 7 2 21 10 9 15 10 Moderate physical problems 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,269 26 64 551 443 206 731 466 435 856 511 Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 – 7 26 33 – 45 14 10 53 24 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 – 31 142 82 53 152 7 23 356 18 Upkeep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 – 28 155 90 27 222 131 122 206 101 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,293 26 3 265 261 135 358 339 291 278 386 **Overall Opinion of Structure** 1 (worst) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 – 21 117 98 29 178 86 51 127 62 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 5 16 73 29 16 74 31 54 78 45 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 2 9 129 59 26 203 100 69 138 129 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 5 42 181 81 27 238 138 151 239 180 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,910 20 196 698 524 257 969 482 603 1,124 701 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,553 27 156 598 446 235 695 484 551 852 665 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,146 116 183 1,246 981 490 1,400 1,140 1,236 2,144 1,625 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,625 212 330 1,922 1,695 1,091 2,217 1,933 1,956 3,296 2,439 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,217 196 130 645 794 688 844 899 805 1,371 1,143 10 (best) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,941 328 282 1,454 1,424 1,628 2,120 1,432 1,443 2,471 1,596 Not Reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306 30 56 383 170 136 396 348 200 551 208 **Water Leakage During Last 12 Months** No leakage from inside structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,184 884 1,234 6,404 5,643 4,312 8,166 6,204 6,287 10,864 7,829 With leakage from inside structure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,836 42 168 958 620 262 1,059 786 792 1,354 904 Fixtures backed up or overflowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 4 28 251 143 44 271 164 223 335 231 Pipes leaked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,664 22 100 430 282 124 460 395 304 552 413 Broken water heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 2 22 72 37 29 93 60 50 153 64 Other or unknown (includes not reported) . . . . . . . . . 1,088 14 20 256 181 70 291 193 243 395 256 Interior leakage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 15 18 84 38 49 108 83 40 174 60 No leakage from outside structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,906 891 1,195 6,696 5,830 4,352 8,352 6,369 6,126 11,206 8,205 With leakage from outside structure 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,121 35 208 667 434 230 874 625 945 1,019 533 Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579 10 140 360 259 109 418 306 386 631 257 Basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 8 2 92 32 41 129 157 314 38 29 Walls, closed windows, or doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795 6 56 163 89 54 262 128 247 258 162 Other or unknown (includes not reported) . . . . . . . . . 410 11 20 86 72 32 117 80 80 142 108 Exterior leakage not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 15 18 84 36 41 107 79 48 168 56 **Renter Maintenance Quality** Major repairs needed 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,554 514 938 5,512 4,577 3,664 6,744 5,225 5,281 8,814 6,234 Work usually started quickly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,183 455 837 4,495 3,831 3,412 5,634 4,544 4,692 7,548 5,398 Management solved problem quickly . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,246 484 865 4,849 4,078 3,484 5,976 4,750 4,865 7,929 5,702 Management polite and considerate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,967 505 926 5,338 4,473 3,596 6,568 5,107 5,168 8,613 6,079 Minor repairs needed 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,123 590 956 5,761 4,839 3,897 7,084 5,565 5,605 9,261 6,693 Started quickly enough usually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,940 541 868 4,897 4,214 3,649 6,078 4,829 5,008 8,209 5,894 Solved the problem quickly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,190 563 907 5,268 4,410 3,731 6,437 5,084 5,310 8,596 6,200 Polite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,624 586 935 5,611 4,731 3,854 6,922 5,482 5,495 9,081 6,566 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 83 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-7. 

## Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Building and Ground Maintenance** Building Maintenance Quality Completely satisfied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,026 781 956 4,791 4,411 3,822 6,163 4,839 5,054 8,799 6,334 Partly satisfied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,809 105 212 1,795 1,266 504 2,003 1,485 1,445 2,200 1,679 Dissatisfied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,939 11 63 580 392 119 735 475 381 628 455 Landlord not responsible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 28 161 107 157 98 226 101 170 464 233 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 16 29 173 74 79 207 173 69 302 92 Ground Maintenance Quality Completely satisfied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,997 695 884 4,612 4,252 3,695 6,111 4,931 4,829 8,192 6,044 Partly satisfied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,392 100 129 1,424 1,055 445 1,529 1,226 1,130 1,625 1,412 Dissatisfied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,813 16 77 607 395 137 657 427 339 618 429 Landlord not responsible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,564 113 301 646 531 268 830 313 772 1,659 819 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 16 29 158 67 78 205 176 48 298 90 Building and Ground Maintenance Quality Completely satisfied with both . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,201 648 790 3,951 3,789 3,463 5,294 4,379 4,232 7,236 5,354 Completely dissatisfied with both . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 5 38 350 247 67 419 284 168 295 247

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Two or more units of any tenure in structure. 3 Restricted to multiunits with five or more apartments with a resident 55 years of age or older. 4 Limited to units that reported meals, transportation, housekeeping, financial management, aid with telephone, or shopping. 5 Restricted to multiunits. 6 Restricted to single units. 7When landlord responsible for repairs and when at least 1 condition answered. 

## —Con.

## 84 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-8. 

## Neighborhood—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Overall Opinion of Neighborhood**  1 (worst) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 13 31 240 118 24 276 124 124 163 88 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 5 8 136 66 16 142 65 78 148 56 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 3 33 124 74 27 215 123 98 179 144 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867 23 32 214 121 41 317 133 199 289 246 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,976 32 106 812 618 290 1,089 503 555 1,155 763 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,465 60 108 571 413 205 680 490 494 798 683 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,164 118 180 1,097 784 478 1,126 984 1,073 1,773 1,334 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,986 265 341 1,670 1,627 1,048 1,989 1,828 1,785 3,015 2,359 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,563 149 130 772 818 684 973 957 912 1,527 1,167 10 (best) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,575 244 395 1,414 1,475 1,642 2,090 1,503 1,586 2,752 1,733 No neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 – – 3 2 4 15 9 10 6 5 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362 30 56 393 184 164 420 355 205 586 217 **Street Noise or Traffic** Bothersome street noise or heavy traffic

present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,158 234 326 2,460 1,725 1,077 3,110 2,277 2,213 3,123 2,546

No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,858 696 1,081 4,895 4,545 3,498 6,119 4,736 4,863 9,084 6,174 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 11 14 91 30 48 104 60 42 185 74 **Neighborhood Crime** Serious crime in past 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,650 179 205 2,045 1,403 658 2,254 1,345 1,639 2,702 1,963 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,886 740 1,190 5,146 4,814 3,853 6,813 5,578 5,333 9,351 6,623 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 21 25 255 83 112 267 149 147 338 208 **Odors** Bothersome smoke, gas, or bad smells . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Yes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,156 34 74 614 359 164 727 490 484 661 522 No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,847 894 1,331 6,749 5,907 4,408 8,505 6,521 6,600 11,543 8,184 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 13 16 83 35 51 102 63 35 189 88 **Other Bothersome Neighborhood Conditions** No other problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,404 759 1,181 5,963 5,357 4,159 7,505 5,903 5,993 10,255 7,253 With other problems 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,517 172 219 1,360 903 411 1,694 1,083 1,085 1,896 1,453 Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,217 22 43 296 217 95 340 302 195 424 296 Litter or housing deterioration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 8 19 203 127 43 213 140 109 215 127 Poor city or county services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 – 7 101 37 21 89 52 64 93 46 Undesirable commercial, institutional, or

industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 6 3 37 36 8 53 39 35 56 38 People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,815 49 90 460 297 115 630 307 403 636 468 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,791 108 81 710 444 217 782 521 499 1,001 770 No problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 – 3 12 11 8 24 19 13 17 12 Type of problem not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – – 5 – 3 2 3 2 – – Other problems not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 11 21 124 40 53 135 88 41 241 87 **Public Elementary School 1**  Households with children aged 5 through 15 . . . . 8,127 249 408 2,214 2,319 74 2,807 1,413 1,438 3,066 2,210 Attend public school (K–12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,208 220 368 2,011 2,103 69 2,531 1,187 1,279 2,746 1,996 Attend private school (K–12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 16 10 96 79 3 88 96 58 131 95 Attend ungraded school, preschool, etc. . . . . . . 111 5 1 27 26 – 55 25 20 32 34 Home schooled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 2 9 5 4 – 17 6 24 41 16 Not in school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 7 14 43 50 – 58 49 31 56 44 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 4 9 77 78 2 84 76 47 110 53 Households with children aged 0 through 13 . . . . 10,486 303 547 2,681 2,899 73 3,668 1,766 1,935 4,079 2,706 Satisfactory public elementary school . . . . . . . . 8,331 248 460 2,121 2,413 64 2,863 1,380 1,516 3,258 2,177 Unsatisfactory public elementary school . . . . . . 724 26 31 259 132 4 322 113 157 275 179 Not reported or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,431 29 55 300 354 5 483 273 262 546 350 Public elementary school less than 1 mile . . . . . 7,096 170 187 1,957 2,267 50 2,536 1,292 1,308 2,402 2,094

Public elementary school 1 mile or more . . . . . . 2,741 127 314 590 454 17 896 355 496 1,428 463 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 7 46 134 178 5 236 119 131 249 149 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 85 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-8. 

## Neighborhood—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Academic Comparison to Other Area**

**Elementary Schools** Households with children aged 0 through 13

dissatisfied with local elementary school . . . . . . 724 26 31 259 132 4 322 113 157 275 179 Better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 – – 38 16 3 40 11 9 27 16 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 4 13 62 39 – 93 36 47 86 55 Worse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 13 18 146 71 1 175 60 92 141 93 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9 – 13 6 – 15 6 9 21 15 **Building Neighbor Noise 2**  Neighbor noise present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,655 398 (X) 3,410 2,494 1,584 3,939 3,563 3,219 4,283 3,590 Loudness bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,472 102 (X) 1,163 889 305 1,396 936 983 1,364 1,189 Loudness not bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,180 296 (X) 2,246 1,604 1,278 2,542 2,625 2,236 2,919 2,400 Loudness bothersome not reported . . . . . . . . . . 3 – (X) – – 1 1 2 – – 1 Time of noise bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,483 96 (X) 1,214 880 320 1,416 936 1,000 1,415 1,132 Time of noise not bothersome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,159 302 (X) 2,190 1,614 1,261 2,519 2,626 2,219 2,859 2,454 Time bothersome not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 – (X) 5 – 3 4 1 – 9 4 Neighbor noise not present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,334 227 (X) 1,865 1,809 1,731 2,314 2,104 1,501 2,695 2,035 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213 45 (X) 282 208 227 381 310 218 430 255 **Public Transportation** With public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,641 507 285 5,856 4,996 3,245 6,562 5,832 4,703 6,909 7,196 Travel time to nearest bus stop, train station, or

subway stop Less than 5 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,328 191 93 2,468 1,978 1,218 2,783 2,403 2,340 2,622 2,964 5–9 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,869 149 108 2,116 1,925 1,162 2,296 2,072 1,486 2,580 2,732 10–14 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,753 95 30 738 574 380 704 772 382 825 774 15–29 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,099 29 22 237 275 172 288 267 123 348 360 30 minutes or longer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 5 16 46 17 20 87 37 37 66 29 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422 38 16 251 227 293 404 281 336 468 337 Household uses public transportation regularly

for commuting to school or work . . . . . . . . . . . 6,395 100 39 1,959 1,682 564 2,089 2,378 1,012 1,221 1,783 Household does not use public transportation

regularly for commuting to school or work . . . . 18,075 392 246 3,838 3,285 2,670 4,427 3,366 3,672 5,644 5,394 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 15 – 59 28 11 46 88 19 44 19 No public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,684 399 1,081 1,438 1,217 1,236 2,522 1,060 2,182 5,040 1,401 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053 35 54 152 88 142 250 181 234 443 196 **Neighborhood Shopping** Grocery stores or drug stores within 15 minutes

of your home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,189 896 1,282 7,120 6,106 4,434 8,888 6,887 6,907 11,866 8,530 Satisfactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,082 880 1,244 6,736 5,941 4,294 8,481 6,634 6,677 11,511 8,259 Not satisfactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 16 31 334 153 104 371 216 210 289 249 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 – 8 50 11 36 37 36 20 65 22 No grocery stores or drug stores within 15

minutes of your home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 20 98 226 146 148 319 110 162 330 174 Not reported or don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 25 41 100 49 41 126 76 50 197 90
**Police Protection** Satisfactory police protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,740 846 1,240 6,325 5,623 4,294 8,025 6,311 6,479 11,049 7,900 Unsatisfactory police protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,556 58 134 835 543 193 990 518 501 931 606 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082 36 47 286 135 135 319 244 139 412 287 **Secured Communities** Community access secured with walls or

fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,422 277 79 1,371 1,336 827 1,392 749 403 2,065 2,205 Special entry system present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,410 245 13 790 788 576 739 374 207 1,370 1,459 Special entry system not present . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,005 32 67 577 547 251 653 375 195 692 743 Special entry system not reported . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – – 4 – – – – – 4 3 Community access not secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,714 657 1,329 6,028 4,930 3,758 7,865 6,284 6,693 10,207 6,530 Community access not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 7 12 48 35 38 76 40 23 121 58 **Secured Multiunits** Multiunit access secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,854 249 (X) 1,301 998 1,426 1,503 1,677 1,356 1,354 1,467 Multiunit access not secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,590 290 (X) 3,406 2,749 1,567 4,129 3,414 2,943 4,790 3,444 Multiunit access not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,737 37 (X) 349 465 321 504 370 266 593 508 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## 86 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-8. 

## Neighborhood—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Senior Citizen Communities** Households with person 55 and over . . . 9,093 186 320 1,842 1,255 4,623 2,645 2,362 1,895 2,757 2,080 Community age restricted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,624 51 35 300 169 1,374 588 377 440 422 384 No age restriction or restriction not reported . . . . . 7,469 135 285 1,542 1,086 3,249 2,057 1,984 1,455 2,334 1,695 Community age specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,435 14 63 265 137 800 414 351 386 480 218 Community not age specific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,583 119 193 1,168 906 2,265 1,509 1,497 1,006 1,710 1,371 Community age specific not reported . . . . . . . . 451 3 29 109 43 184 134 137 63 144 106 **Community Quality** Some or all community activities present 1 . . . . . . . 16,845 592 418 3,392 2,647 2,731 4,197 3,206 4,151 5,294 4,193 Community center or clubhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,703 479 192 2,078 1,347 1,888 2,346 1,660 2,245 3,354 2,445 Golf in community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,947 55 82 471 499 604 880 751 1,466 826 904 Trails in community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,309 175 113 1,017 876 826 1,369 1,196 1,865 1,797 1,451 Shuttle bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,215 79 72 702 713 1,258 1,161 1,005 1,075 1,080 1,055 Daycare center. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,249 70 102 1,297 934 546 1,568 1,416 1,602 1,205 1,026 Private or restricted beach, park, or shoreline . . 6,308 149 168 1,053 1,145 731 1,466 1,445 1,916 1,399 1,548 **Description of Area Within 300 Feet 1**  Single-family detached houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,007 552 1,060 5,471 4,789 3,451 7,099 5,112 5,540 9,258 7,097 Single-family attached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,860 289 81 2,541 1,961 1,336 2,609 2,640 1,977 3,300 2,942 Multiunit residential buildings 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,121 566 140 5,067 4,326 2,974 6,055 4,948 4,510 6,777 5,887 1- to 3-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,130 405 127 3,592 3,060 1,853 4,428 2,271 3,583 5,452 4,823 4- to 6-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,473 73 6 793 744 552 883 1,435 493 816 728 7-or-more-story multiunit is tallest . . . . . . . . . . . 2,243 88 4 615 452 476 644 1,138 369 463 272 Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,112 78 1,096 448 484 329 1,007 236 392 1,633 851 Commercial or institutional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,657 348 313 4,324 3,726 2,363 5,345 4,442 3,608 5,909 4,699 Industrial or factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,856 29 72 746 642 295 972 865 622 798 571 Open space, park, woods, farm, or ranch . . . . . . . 12,706 441 851 2,369 1,770 1,606 3,165 2,522 2,864 4,456 2,863 4-or-more-lane highway, railroad, or airport . . . . . 9,232 242 273 2,236 1,636 1,121 2,524 1,425 1,955 3,628 2,224 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 15 42 222 101 59 215 145 126 357 159 **Bodies of Water Within 300 Feet**
Water in area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,832 191 247 834 605 626 990 973 1,044 2,062 754 With waterfront property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 28 34 93 55 145 116 131 177 273 96 Waterfront property not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 3 8 16 15 21 23 20 19 47 8 With flood plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 36 53 117 96 74 132 128 82 369 114 Flood plain not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 10 – 11 18 10 15 11 11 45 7 Water not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 7 5 42 11 5 40 42 24 40 49 No water in area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,390 743 1,169 6,570 5,684 3,992 8,304 6,059 6,051 10,290 7,990 **Age of Other Residential Buildings Within 300**

**Feet** Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,928 14 245 989 831 566 1,421 1,040 968 1,648 1,273 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,313 459 694 5,092 4,283 2,696 5,826 4,510 4,795 8,259 5,750 Newer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,648 405 166 501 358 521 781 623 549 851 625 Very mixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120 22 177 365 374 423 611 410 361 742 606 No other residential buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 26 85 131 156 194 266 171 184 346 191 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,478 15 52 368 299 223 428 320 262 547 348 **Other Buildings Vandalized or With Interior**

**Exposed Within 300 Feet** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,533 842 1,190 5,864 5,485 4,117 7,566 6,091 6,105 10,582 7,755 1 building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,211 20 50 365 231 112 422 224 237 453 297 More than 1 building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825 37 50 838 310 138 802 392 441 652 339 No buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 18 84 65 104 128 163 105 139 248 134 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,182 24 47 314 170 129 380 261 196 457 268 **Bars on Windows of Buildings Within 300 Feet** No bars on windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,024 840 1,215 5,046 4,172 3,515 6,703 4,715 6,041 10,041 6,227 1 building with bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 12 42 196 178 98 267 133 158 330 230 2 or more buildings with bars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,174 44 29 1,663 1,562 631 1,676 1,773 485 1,162 1,754 No buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 18 84 65 104 128 163 105 139 248 134 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,703 27 50 477 284 251 524 347 296 612 448 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 87 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-8. 

## Neighborhood—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Condition of Streets Within 300 Feet** No repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,782 656 633 3,406 3,492 2,721 4,476 3,205 3,353 6,892 5,333 Minor repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,843 194 588 2,985 2,169 1,421 3,568 3,032 2,948 4,107 2,757 Major repairs needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,228 57 115 676 394 257 807 487 575 823 344 No streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 18 33 78 93 76 126 89 58 135 136 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106 15 53 300 153 148 357 260 185 436 225 **Trash, Litter, or Junk on Streets or Any**

**Properties Within 300 Feet** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,595 864 1,205 5,764 5,211 4,172 7,264 5,765 5,975 10,512 7,344 Minor accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,759 43 107 1,064 738 283 1,366 883 769 1,112 994 Major accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,093 19 64 351 235 72 437 230 224 373 266 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 15 45 268 116 96 267 195 151 395 190 **Parking Lots** With parking lots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,981 492 308 4,136 3,160 2,684 5,199 3,578 4,533 6,488 4,382 No parking lots within 300 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,563 433 1,071 3,075 3,038 1,861 3,903 3,326 2,454 5,541 4,242 Parking lots not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 15 42 236 103 78 232 169 132 363 169 **Manufactured/Mobile Homes in Group** Manufactured/mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . 1,421 28 1,421 140 232 158 483 104 201 845 270 1 to 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966 17 966 107 130 107 337 57 135 577 197 7 to 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 – 153 11 25 15 58 17 14 109 14 21 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 11 301 22 77 36 88 30 53 159 59

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Limited to single attached and multiunits. 3 Figures do not add up because of nonrespondents. 

## —Con.

## 88 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-9. 

## Household Composition—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Population in housing units . . . . . . . 82,753 2,247 3,889 17,919 19,608 6,424 23,299 15,666 15,319 29,546 22,223 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794** 
**Persons** 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,331 323 385 2,774 1,280 3,264 3,908 2,884 3,029 4,463 2,954 2 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,453 271 365 1,805 1,426 1,082 1,669 1,935 1,938 3,259 2,321 3 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,345 145 222 1,261 1,170 195 1,329 1,001 986 2,062 1,296 4 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,016 121 260 868 1,160 49 1,130 751 689 1,418 1,157 5 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,910 50 105 403 694 22 702 284 291 725 611 6 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 13 50 183 322 6 326 125 102 292 261 7 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 17 33 151 248 5 269 92 84 173 194 **Number of Single Children Under 18 Years Old** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,026 580 798 4,232 3,020 4,498 5,029 4,937 4,857 7,656 5,575 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,349 136 236 1,345 1,163 81 1,558 953 1,007 2,109 1,280 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,106 135 225 992 1,194 32 1,308 756 782 1,471 1,097 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928 60 120 571 581 7 900 293 298 773 565 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 15 29 186 219 – 323 91 116 255 170 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 5 11 78 85 2 139 28 37 79 77 6 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 10 3 42 40 2 77 15 22 49 29 **Persons 65 Years Old and Over** None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,223 842 1,244 6,533 5,685 (X) 7,761 5,673 5,958 10,937 7,655 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,453 73 148 842 516 3,952 1,476 1,202 1,031 1,252 968 2 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 26 28 71 100 671 97 199 130 203 170 **Age of Householder** Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,799 171 216 874 819 (X) 1,760 628 1,143 1,883 1,145 25 to 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,072 154 170 1,005 993 (X) 1,106 827 1,068 1,959 1,219 30 to 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,561 137 188 934 1,044 (X) 1,016 871 796 1,653 1,240 35 to 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,976 187 323 1,606 1,446 (X) 1,598 1,420 1,202 2,482 1,872 45 to 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,762 124 258 1,379 954 (X) 1,390 1,181 1,139 1,974 1,469 55 to 64. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,585 81 107 861 558 (X) 1,001 875 685 1,175 850 65 to 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120 53 95 487 271 2,120 662 569 435 641 475 75 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,503 35 63 298 216 2,503 799 701 652 626 524 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 35 38 40 36 75 39 43 39 37 38 Household Composition by Age of Householder**  2-or-more-person households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,047 618 1,036 4,672 5,020 1,359 5,426 4,189 4,090 7,929 5,839 Married-couple families, no nonrelatives . . . . . . . . 8,808 285 484 1,115 2,269 793 1,369 1,716 1,397 3,109 2,587 Under 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 26 58 52 205 (X) 160 64 110 305 228 25 to 29 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313 52 53 141 386 (X) 243 198 225 517 373 30 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,497 43 87 188 433 (X) 217 239 229 564 465 35 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,168 75 130 291 634 (X) 334 436 299 753 681 45 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329 63 119 362 496 (X) 316 546 383 750 650 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 25 38 80 114 793 99 234 150 220 189 Other male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,673 108 210 756 1,131 150 786 803 930 1,642 1,299 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,629 97 150 502 893 (X) 570 568 743 1,301 1,018 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 8 54 210 217 (X) 185 196 156 298 246 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 2 6 44 22 150 31 39 31 44 36 Other female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,565 225 341 2,801 1,620 417 3,271 1,670 1,764 3,178 1,953 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,119 178 255 1,964 1,089 (X) 2,520 1,106 1,378 2,282 1,353 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,030 42 73 725 435 (X) 623 452 315 750 513 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 5 13 112 95 417 128 113 71 146 87 1-person households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,331 323 385 2,774 1,280 3,264 3,908 2,884 3,029 4,463 2,954 Male householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,588 165 198 1,280 715 936 1,641 1,330 1,457 2,234 1,566 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,540 102 101 698 427 (X) 787 653 756 1,297 835 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,112 37 57 406 198 (X) 570 427 491 696 498 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936 26 40 175 91 936 285 251 211 241 234 Female householder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,743 158 187 1,495 565 2,328 2,267 1,554 1,571 2,230 1,388 Under 45 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,434 75 62 583 234 (X) 650 484 468 959 523 45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981 55 63 537 166 (X) 698 436 479 654 412 65 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,328 29 62 375 165 2,328 919 634 624 616 453 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 89 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-9. 

## Household Composition—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Adults and Single Children Under 18 Years Old** Total households with children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,352 361 623 3,214 3,281 125 4,304 2,136 2,262 4,736 3,218 Married couples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,084 166 291 644 1,677 34 1,057 853 734 1,847 1,650 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926 30 40 97 259 5 115 173 107 399 247 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,037 22 70 123 441 5 284 175 131 354 376 Two or more under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 27 41 87 211 – 187 113 104 265 196 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . 401 15 29 57 159 – 144 55 59 150 137 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043 71 110 280 607 24 327 338 332 680 694 Other households with two or more adults . . . . . . . 3,083 51 132 955 914 52 1,109 543 577 1,186 778 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 10 53 144 188 9 206 108 151 291 137 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . . . . . 483 13 10 144 180 2 199 87 101 162 133 Two or more under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 3 20 115 88 – 162 60 57 138 71 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17. . . . . 190 2 8 80 80 2 106 27 36 82 45 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,398 23 41 473 378 38 435 261 232 513 392 Households with one adult or none . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,185 144 200 1,615 689 39 2,139 740 951 1,703 790 One child under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 8 31 253 93 – 360 87 197 296 107 One under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . . . . . . . 609 18 42 276 117 – 366 141 153 215 100 Two or more under 6 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 9 12 122 67 – 247 40 77 129 57 Two or more under 6, one or more 6 to 17 . . . . . 221 14 16 116 45 – 177 27 31 133 31 One or more 6 to 17 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,365 95 98 847 367 39 988 445 495 931 496 Total households with no children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,026 580 798 4,232 3,020 4,498 5,029 4,937 4,857 7,656 5,575 Married couples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,934 121 204 480 702 764 350 894 702 1,329 1,009 Other households with two or more adults . . . . . . . 5,984 146 224 1,060 1,048 470 918 1,204 1,154 1,972 1,654 Households with one adult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,108 313 371 2,692 1,270 3,264 3,761 2,840 3,001 4,355 2,912 **Own Never-Married Children Under 18 Years Old** No own children under 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,429 615 854 4,707 3,347 4,596 5,598 5,211 5,097 8,248 5,874 With own children under 18 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,949 326 567 2,739 2,953 27 3,735 1,862 2,022 4,145 2,920 Under 6 years only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,375 87 190 748 847 3 1,174 540 667 1,383 786 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,174 52 117 469 508 3 626 351 435 908 480 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974 27 54 212 285 – 407 165 185 369 255 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 8 19 67 54 – 141 24 47 106 51 6 to 17 years only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,093 159 237 1,355 1,254 22 1,489 885 936 1,858 1,414 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,613 71 107 673 584 13 690 482 472 960 699 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,703 57 85 428 468 8 455 297 323 581 503 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 32 46 253 202 – 344 107 141 318 212 Both age groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,480 79 139 637 852 2 1,072 437 419 904 720 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,043 38 60 243 346 – 333 213 201 376 253 3 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,438 42 80 393 506 2 739 224 219 527 467 **Persons Other Than Spouse or Children 1**  With other relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,202 108 323 1,709 1,837 550 1,619 1,353 962 2,168 1,718 Single adult offspring 18 to 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,030 65 158 886 792 64 847 717 450 1,025 839 Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over . . . . . . 714 10 19 205 208 310 147 169 106 251 188 Households with three generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 14 41 337 313 63 371 189 133 405 231 Households with 1 subfamily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 13 36 263 322 37 311 137 111 310 225 Subfamily householder age under 30 . . . . . . . . . . 459 5 25 175 165 3 211 68 74 204 114 30 to 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 7 11 86 152 33 97 67 37 104 106 65 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 – – 3 5 – 3 3 – 3 6 Households with 2 or more subfamilies. . . . . . . . . . . 37 – – 13 18 4 13 14 8 6 10 Households with other types of relatives . . . . . . . . . . 2,622 34 161 708 865 214 685 532 402 961 728 With nonrelatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,901 149 247 805 1,214 122 1,131 1,025 1,222 2,016 1,638 Co-owners or co-renters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,427 84 74 236 330 41 433 309 624 730 764 Lodgers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 17 26 67 227 13 107 117 91 242 224 Unrelated children, under 18 years old . . . . . . . . . . . 486 11 21 78 110 9 132 73 108 210 94 Other nonrelatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,889 46 173 497 707 70 597 602 500 1,065 722 One or more secondary families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 6 10 49 87 3 56 32 60 102 74 2-person households, none related to each other . . . . . 2,963 93 78 347 386 90 347 569 618 961 814 3-to-8-person households, none related to each

other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 20 36 54 113 7 155 102 139 233 198 **Educational Attainment of the Householder** Less than 9th grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,232 21 164 279 1,294 742 1,050 451 277 795 709 9th to 12th grade, no diploma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,455 80 285 1,247 1,294 842 1,981 946 817 1,744 947 High school graduate (includes equivalency) . . . . . . 11,724 291 647 2,801 2,029 1,527 3,335 2,315 2,576 4,255 2,578 Additional vocational training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,144 24 66 273 142 144 284 195 260 399 290 Some college, no degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,924 214 208 1,624 807 607 1,699 1,069 1,575 2,418 1,862 Associate’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,522 69 61 539 286 145 444 516 524 815 667 Bachelor’s degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,183 189 49 728 433 427 599 1,209 959 1,634 1,382 Graduate or professional degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,338 77 7 228 155 333 226 567 391 732 648 Percent high school graduate or higher . . . . . . . . . . . 81.1 89.3 68.4 79.5 58.9 65.7 67.5 80.2 84.6 79.5 81.2 Percent bachelor’s degree or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 28.3 4.0 12.8 9.3 16.4 8.8 25.1 19.0 19.1 23.1 See footnotes at end of table. 

## —Con.

## 90 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-9. 

## Household Composition—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Citizenship of Householder** Citizen of the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,022 885 1,267 6,978 3,688 4,417 8,085 6,096 6,659 10,962 7,305 Naturalized citizen of the United States . . . . . . . . . 2,129 38 43 308 795 461 616 648 198 534 749 **Year Householder Immigrated to the**

**United States**
2005 to 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973 12 52 124 387 20 293 221 152 342 257 2000 to 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,402 13 46 150 766 42 339 355 159 481 407 1995 to 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058 23 37 133 630 46 312 243 112 393 309 1990 to 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 17 24 110 529 58 308 197 83 257 353 1980 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,167 20 33 158 595 133 331 303 86 280 497 1979 or before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996 8 5 102 501 369 282 305 66 210 414
**Year Householder Mo ved Into Unit** 
2005 to 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,982 924 1,063 5,401 4,649 1,829 6,731 4,286 5,359 9,892 6,444 2000 to 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,970 13 231 1,076 896 1,052 1,347 1,216 1,004 1,396 1,354 1995 to 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,914 – 56 382 324 606 512 544 342 511 517 1990 to 1994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057 3 38 272 178 356 307 367 186 254 249 1985 to 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 – 14 98 91 204 160 168 84 131 98 1980 to 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 – 16 87 69 166 93 145 56 58 53 1975 to 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 – 3 66 54 108 67 139 30 53 22 1970 to 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 – – 24 22 88 39 64 19 42 25 1960 to 1969 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 – – 28 7 124 52 94 15 34 15 1950 to 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 – – 6 11 55 19 31 11 16 11 1940 to 1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 – – 5 1 18 7 6 7 4 6 1939 or earlier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – – – – 17 – 12 5 – – **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007 2008 2007 2007 2007 2003 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007**
**Household Moves and Formation in Last Year** Total with a move in last year . . . . . . . . . . . 14,332 598 653 2,905 2,754 626 3,920 2,013 3,038 5,584 3,698 Household all moved here from one unit . . . . . . . . . . 11,014 500 470 2,343 2,000 555 3,152 1,493 2,332 4,419 2,770 Householder of previous unit did not move here . . . . 2,349 73 97 562 447 51 860 327 522 956 544 Householder of previous unit moved here . . . . . . . 7,733 390 347 1,630 1,385 474 1,987 1,003 1,625 3,102 2,003 Householder of previous unit not reported . . . . . . . 932 37 25 150 168 30 304 163 186 361 222 Household moved here from two or more units . . . . . 1,387 51 64 185 272 19 225 135 368 474 409 No previous householder moved here . . . . . . . . . . 282 11 11 44 56 – 45 27 76 89 90 1 previous householder moved here . . . . . . . . . . . 359 15 12 41 77 6 55 27 108 148 75 2 or more previous householders moved here. . . . . . 523 19 35 71 94 6 81 57 129 177 160 Previous householder(s) not reported . . . . . . . . . . 223 7 6 29 45 8 45 25 55 60 83 Some already here, rest moved in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928 48 120 378 482 52 543 385 337 686 519 No previous householder moved here . . . . . . . . . . 1,006 19 81 221 254 25 320 212 171 342 280 1 or more previous householders moved here. . . . . . 703 26 23 123 157 24 164 103 122 276 202 Previous householder(s) not reported . . . . . . . . . . 220 2 15 34 72 2 60 70 44 69 37 Number of previous units not reported . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – – – – – – – – 4 –
**Households With Disabled Persons** Households without a disabled person . . . . . . . . . . . 28,856 810 1,106 6,080 5,469 2,467 6,693 5,649 5,657 10,184 7,367 Households with a disabled person 1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . 6,234 117 302 1,264 813 2,124 2,537 1,317 1,427 2,078 1,411 Hearing disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,578 34 81 195 222 755 537 327 310 563 378 Vision disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053 23 49 247 179 387 465 216 214 377 246 Mental disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,320 60 154 478 267 465 1,073 473 549 773 525 Physical disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,771 76 170 804 452 1,581 1,560 822 904 1,246 800 Self-care disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 10 28 207 150 373 433 189 215 295 232 Go-outside-home disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,065 44 100 431 259 870 925 452 484 660 470 Disability not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 15 13 102 19 32 104 107 35 131 16

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 2 Mental, physical, and self-care disabilities are limited to household members at least 5 years of age. Go-outside-home disabilities are limited to household members at least 15 years of age. 

## —Con.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 91 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-10. 

## Previous Unit of Recent Movers—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**HOUSEHOLDER MOVED DURING PAST YEAR FROM**

**WITHIN THE UNITED STATES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,422 555 538 2,565 2,273 574 3,341 1,608 2,720 4,920 3,173**  **Structure Type of Previous Residence** Moved from within the United States. . . . . . . . . . 12,422 555 538 2,565 2,273 574 3,341 1,608 2,720 4,920 3,173 House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,936 266 250 1,101 996 261 1,518 652 1,341 2,406 1,538 Apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,228 229 96 1,232 1,109 233 1,403 848 1,129 1,914 1,337 Manufactured/mobile home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 23 175 56 79 44 208 23 97 311 114 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 28 5 63 46 26 125 47 99 123 111 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 10 11 114 43 10 87 38 53 167 72 **Tenure of Previous Residence** House, apartment, manufactured/mobile home

in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,710 518 522 2,388 2,184 537 3,129 1,523 2,568 4,630 2,990 Owner occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,991 163 136 456 392 208 681 344 691 1,215 740 Renter occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,719 355 385 1,932 1,793 329 2,449 1,179 1,877 3,415 2,249
**Persons—Previous Residence** House, apartment, manufactured/mobile home

in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,710 518 522 2,388 2,184 537 3,129 1,523 2,568 4,630 2,990 1 person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,835 107 47 371 201 297 457 272 463 699 402 2 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,970 133 102 486 386 170 522 442 611 1,174 743 3 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,480 96 116 520 454 40 689 321 569 949 640 4 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,080 102 118 446 466 9 595 227 463 854 536 5 persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,055 29 79 246 253 6 373 114 221 433 287 6 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 28 26 133 188 7 256 58 111 238 182 7 persons or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 12 24 132 184 1 198 47 103 182 137 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 10 10 56 53 8 39 41 27 101 63 **Previous Home Owned or Rented by Someone Who**

**Moved Here** House, apartment, manufactured/mobile home

in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,710 518 522 2,388 2,184 537 3,129 1,523 2,568 4,630 2,990 Owned or rented by a mover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,513 411 389 1,700 1,567 482 2,115 1,084 1,841 3,380 2,208 Owned or rented by other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,923 102 116 639 566 51 959 380 684 1,126 733 By a relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,773 54 66 424 306 32 588 201 420 705 446 By a nonrelative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,149 48 49 214 260 19 371 177 264 421 287 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – – 1 – – – 1 – – – Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 5 17 49 52 4 55 60 42 124 48 **Change in Housing Costs** House, apartment, manufactured/mobile home

in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,710 518 522 2,388 2,184 537 3,129 1,523 2,568 4,630 2,990 Increased with move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,135 265 141 1,046 927 198 1,290 696 1,161 1,922 1,356 Decreased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,719 125 187 738 703 184 990 463 796 1,453 1,008 Stayed about the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,444 118 161 523 496 135 745 274 541 1,065 564 Don’t know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 3 28 38 47 14 66 59 49 96 47 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 7 5 44 11 7 39 32 21 94 14

## 92 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-11. 

## Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West
**RESPONDENT MOVED DURING PAST YEAR Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,840 564 551 2,613 2,381 577 3,469 1,690 2,780 5,056 3,314**  **Reasons for Leaving Previous Unit 1**  Private displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 16 10 49 72 17 111 67 44 150 133 Owner to move into unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 8 4 9 24 – 33 14 17 56 43 To be converted to condominium or cooperative . . . 20 – – – – – 14 14 – 3 3 Closed for repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – – 1 6 4 5 1 2 2 12 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 9 6 36 42 11 59 38 25 87 75 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – – 2 – 2 – – – 2 – Government displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 8 4 22 38 7 49 13 36 36 54 Government wanted building or land . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5 – 7 10 2 12 1 4 3 13 Unit unfit for occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 – 4 3 – – 7 – 3 8 2 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 3 – 12 28 5 30 11 29 26 39 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – – – – – Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 – 13 38 20 10 64 11 20 91 10 New job or job transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326 111 20 187 211 12 122 130 238 590 367 To be closer to work/school/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,711 56 70 261 308 24 466 238 363 633 477 Other, financial/employment related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 23 53 151 166 25 186 102 142 210 235 To establish own household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445 46 81 313 234 27 440 159 372 568 346 Needed larger house or apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362 69 53 335 340 25 347 192 289 561 320 Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 3 3 21 33 – 18 18 23 46 54 Widowed, divorced, or separated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 5 17 46 31 37 77 42 83 111 56 Other, family/person related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,218 45 59 196 196 133 351 179 295 472 272 Wanted better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279 71 37 317 226 63 373 172 322 489 296 Change from owner to renter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 12 7 27 35 10 15 21 32 86 41 Change from renter to owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Wanted lower rent or maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,120 25 45 235 235 59 324 143 245 447 285 Other housing related reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 45 34 197 129 58 256 107 184 305 233 Evicted from residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 3 22 37 42 13 79 15 37 76 40 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,831 93 65 351 342 156 509 270 389 630 543 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 12 15 152 68 15 131 74 70 245 83 **Main Reason for Leaving Previous Unit** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 22 24 73 94 24 107 85 120 141 104 Private displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 5 6 18 27 – 27 28 9 33 48 Government displacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5 – 5 13 2 17 1 10 12 21 Disaster loss (fire, flood, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 – 9 37 19 10 59 11 18 87 10 New job or job transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,220 106 17 173 188 12 110 122 220 542 336 To be closer to work/school/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,416 56 60 217 249 21 404 193 290 535 398 Other, financial/employment related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 19 46 117 124 18 148 74 113 156 184 To establish own household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,282 35 81 294 216 19 409 134 337 503 309 Needed larger house or apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,103 56 41 293 287 18 286 170 222 452 259 Married, widowed, divorced, or separated . . . . . . . . . . 628 18 24 93 78 31 119 82 144 228 174 Other, family/personal related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004 41 47 174 168 117 310 154 243 396 212 Wanted better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 37 25 238 155 44 258 119 230 342 190 Change from owner to renter or renter to owner . . . . . 120 10 3 16 20 6 11 16 22 52 30 Wanted lower rent or maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867 19 36 187 185 44 263 104 174 366 223 Other housing related reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 30 34 147 96 37 210 80 140 230 163 Evicted from residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 3 22 18 32 8 50 10 24 41 37 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,548 74 54 315 293 131 449 208 341 564 436 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 26 23 196 136 36 231 100 123 377 179 **Choice of Present Neighborhood 1**  Convenient to job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,069 213 133 698 752 45 609 542 775 1,706 1,046 Convenient to friends or relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,009 99 198 600 617 230 913 427 753 1,104 725 Convenient to leisure activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972 67 21 151 121 28 172 149 199 328 296 Convenient to public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 29 13 182 164 31 218 148 140 231 234 Good schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370 56 31 295 310 5 468 179 265 521 405 Other public services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 32 5 126 114 51 168 72 107 214 151 Looks/design of neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046 124 52 419 368 98 458 221 477 815 533 House was most important consideration . . . . . . . . . . 1,523 92 63 314 269 58 402 172 343 577 431 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,931 102 122 598 449 166 992 381 644 1,135 771 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 18 25 146 76 16 142 82 80 251 80 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 93 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-11. 

## Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Main Reason for Choice of Present Neighborhood** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,354 74 40 262 219 66 317 213 289 493 359 Convenient to job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,924 159 101 477 573 29 386 362 551 1,231 781 Convenient to friends or relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,915 52 168 396 398 176 714 235 509 714 457 Convenient to leisure activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 14 12 18 23 1 42 42 60 69 72 Convenient to public transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 6 3 69 57 10 91 48 50 67 73 Good schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 31 18 166 179 5 278 124 153 295 226 Other public services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 7 – 63 43 32 70 30 47 74 34 Looks/design of neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,163 70 38 260 224 53 254 117 255 501 290 House was most important consideration . . . . . . . . . . 964 50 41 210 208 47 285 100 230 346 288 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563 82 106 546 381 143 889 339 555 1,016 653 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 18 25 146 76 16 142 82 80 251 80 **Neighborhood Search** Looked at just this neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,900 206 392 1,093 1,219 361 1,705 832 1,242 2,304 1,522 Looked at other neighborhood(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,533 347 148 1,380 1,097 194 1,658 795 1,474 2,546 1,718 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 12 10 140 65 22 106 64 63 206 74 **Choice of Present Home 1**  Financial reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,817 146 285 946 926 159 1,390 606 1,120 1,835 1,256 Room layout/design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,015 200 55 649 524 163 684 455 669 1,117 774 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 37 18 75 93 20 119 78 123 137 99 Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,586 120 78 566 530 97 648 354 611 977 644 Exterior appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963 70 35 189 176 55 210 123 189 376 275 Yard/trees/view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,131 41 34 163 148 59 215 134 266 442 290 Quality of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 88 12 102 100 40 108 97 172 220 183 Only one available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 10 54 169 129 57 266 107 155 315 187 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,545 115 109 412 421 161 655 338 485 964 757 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 14 25 169 84 22 151 82 95 276 87 **Main Reason for Choice of Present Home** All reported reasons equal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,448 80 55 259 240 89 355 244 343 510 351 Financial reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,846 105 241 770 771 115 1,160 479 902 1,470 995 Room layout/design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,743 129 27 404 304 81 418 247 367 682 448 Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5 – 15 15 6 21 9 16 16 24 Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,398 55 35 328 328 36 359 184 317 577 320 Exterior appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 27 13 76 71 20 82 43 60 150 97 Yard/trees/view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 13 20 53 54 24 83 30 104 170 108 Quality of construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 27 – 41 43 2 47 29 51 82 68 Only one available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 5 42 135 108 46 214 78 117 253 161 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,198 104 92 363 364 137 578 266 407 871 655 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 14 25 169 84 22 151 82 95 276 87 **Home Search** Now in house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,200 191 (X) 829 704 119 963 429 838 1,845 1,087 Did not look at apartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,888 138 (X) 543 473 98 638 235 561 1,302 790 Looked at apartments too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162 50 (X) 235 213 20 295 162 250 486 263 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 3 (X) 51 17 1 29 32 27 57 34 Now in manufactured/mobile home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 4 551 58 112 9 229 19 89 332 111 Did not look at apartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 – 360 41 85 6 143 9 37 234 80 Looked at apartments too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 4 181 17 27 3 86 10 52 88 32 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 – 10 – – – – – – 10 – Now in apartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,090 369 (X) 1,725 1,565 449 2,277 1,242 1,853 2,879 2,116 Did not look at houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,726 233 (X) 1,177 1,123 391 1,614 911 1,405 1,983 1,427 Looked at houses too . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056 127 (X) 451 392 35 566 287 400 754 616 Search not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 9 (X) 96 51 23 97 44 48 142 73 **Recent Mover Comparison to Previous Home**
Better home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,192 365 235 1,330 1,228 276 1,718 810 1,359 2,460 1,563 Worse home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,676 63 129 466 394 90 718 371 597 961 746 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,498 120 171 683 699 189 909 442 743 1,398 915 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 16 16 134 61 23 124 67 79 237 90 **Recent Mover Comparison to Previous**

**Neighborhood** Better neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,953 246 260 1,067 994 226 1,372 601 1,053 2,001 1,298 Worse neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955 62 49 389 280 46 568 275 431 731 519 About the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,916 228 207 922 921 243 1,260 650 1,112 1,885 1,268 Same neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 14 18 92 127 34 134 88 94 189 149 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 15 16 142 60 28 134 76 89 250 81

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 

## —Con.

## 94 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-12. 

## Income Characteristics—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794**
**Household Income** Less than $5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,310 85 119 1,148 492 603 3,310 711 729 1,283 586 $5,000 to $9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,799 57 164 829 438 701 2,799 557 763 993 486 $10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,175 42 168 719 570 875 1,795 580 721 1,115 760 $15,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,940 56 153 715 590 558 742 532 603 1,188 616 $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,850 55 182 677 572 442 409 495 617 1,080 658 $25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,131 72 126 734 710 351 239 626 574 1,198 733 $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,366 73 92 488 453 216 26 450 483 823 610 $35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,111 57 79 325 379 204 5 389 415 793 513 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,438 96 96 610 672 257 9 679 710 1,111 939 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,326 55 96 342 412 115 – 448 449 737 693 $60,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,244 93 68 444 515 145 – 684 581 1,022 958 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663 84 26 226 270 68 – 374 260 501 528 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 51 21 113 98 34 – 231 120 209 272 $120,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,192 66 32 76 129 55 – 315 94 340 442 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,400 37,000 23,000 21,280 27,000 15,744 8,000 30,000 25,200 25,670 34,000** As percent of poverty level: Less than 50 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,361 107 190 1,543 791 630 4,361 916 920 1,709 816 50 to 99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,973 80 294 1,298 1,115 832 4,973 841 1,155 1,896 1,081 100 to 149 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,993 109 269 1,149 1,114 969 (X) 920 975 1,833 1,264 150 to 199 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,262 95 183 919 909 662 (X) 843 865 1,588 965 200 percent or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,790 549 486 2,538 2,371 1,531 (X) 3,553 3,203 5,366 4,668 **Income of Families and Primary**

**Individuals** Less than $5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,014 101 141 1,254 652 606 3,618 808 864 1,534 808 $5,000 to $9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152 56 199 865 526 714 2,832 601 863 1,097 591 $10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,436 38 198 740 587 879 1,647 606 788 1,211 832 $15,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,053 51 157 730 629 574 654 570 612 1,240 630 $20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,106 63 193 683 653 435 345 550 687 1,155 714 $25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,218 82 123 739 701 346 204 641 606 1,212 759 $30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,396 82 88 511 427 209 23 477 506 814 599 $35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,011 56 53 326 352 201 2 398 374 748 491 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,146 87 67 552 587 255 9 647 636 990 873 $50,000 to $59,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,089 54 90 289 372 113 – 432 353 654 651 $60,000 to $79,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,751 92 54 388 417 145 – 578 456 889 828 $80,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,409 94 27 212 221 75 – 321 204 419 465 $100,000 to $119,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 41 11 91 80 27 – 194 92 156 226 $120,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929 42 20 67 96 46 – 251 77 273 328 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,030 34,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 15,600 7,378 26,100 22,800 24,400 30,000**  **Income Sources of Families and**

**Primary Individuals 1**  Wages and salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,683 755 1,002 5,073 5,035 928 4,002 4,827 4,944 9,255 6,656 Wages and salaries were majority of

income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,023 712 951 4,728 4,817 571 3,542 4,504 4,606 8,674 6,239 2 or more people each earned over

20 percent of wages and salaries . . . . . . 3,191 66 141 538 777 200 213 649 560 1,118 864 Self-employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,578 85 79 380 418 127 436 436 434 870 838 Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,517 105 35 285 230 873 357 792 759 1,015 952 Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100 27 14 69 42 329 75 259 200 339 303 Rental income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 15 5 49 56 78 43 100 65 160 162 Social Security or Railroad Retirement . . . . 5,843 121 281 1,093 605 3,929 1,866 1,444 1,413 1,808 1,179 Retirement or survivor pensions . . . . . . . . . 2,122 55 54 357 137 1,430 262 568 501 629 425 Supplementary Security Income (SSI) . . . . . . 2,350 27 133 705 400 615 1,513 518 466 800 565 Child support or alimony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,922 69 78 532 319 22 695 281 465 800 376 Public assistance or public welfare . . . . . . . 1,490 13 79 555 314 121 1,056 348 333 377 433 Food stamp benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,050 94 320 1,827 992 594 3,966 1,010 1,289 1,952 798 Disability payments, workers’

compensation, veterans’ disability, other disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606 34 67 434 202 195 530 358 319 564 365Other income (VA payments, unemployment, royalty, estates, and more) . . . . . . . 2,370 64 143 460 319 134 470 433 572 667 698 **Food Stamps** Income of $25,000 or less . . . . . . . 17,650 341 926 4,486 3,284 3,248 9,201 3,329 3,946 6,608 3,767 Family members received food stamps . . . . 5,050 94 320 1,827 992 594 3,966 1,010 1,289 1,952 798 Did not receive food stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,592 219 574 2,353 2,174 2,497 4,647 2,059 2,492 4,223 2,818 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009 28 33 306 119 156 588 261 165 432 150 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 95 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-12. 

## Income Characteristics—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000** . (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions

Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Rent Reductions** No subsidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,706 758 1,311 5,055 5,231 3,097 5,911 5,288 5,734 10,171 7,514 Rent control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 9 – 75 136 101 99 193 – 25 310 No rent control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,067 746 1,307 4,967 5,079 2,986 5,796 5,081 5,713 10,096 7,177 Reduced by owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,996 38 221 208 250 375 505 401 389 751 455 Not reduced by owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,063 708 1,086 4,756 4,827 2,609 5,287 4,674 5,324 9,345 6,720 Owner reduction not reported . . . . . . . 8 – – 2 2 2 4 6 – – 2 Rent control not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 4 5 13 17 10 16 14 20 49 26 Owned by public housing authority . . . . . . . 1,679 20 – 659 250 476 1,005 499 432 499 250 Government subsidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,185 117 41 1,233 520 808 1,947 800 677 1,007 700 Other income verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 30 22 260 208 163 248 269 162 352 205 Subsidy not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820 15 46 240 91 78 223 217 114 363 125

1 Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. 

## —Con.

## 96 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-13. 

## Selected Housing Costs—Renter-Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics Total occupied units Housing unit characteristics Household characteristics Regions Newconstruction 4 years Manufactured/

mobile homes Black alone Hispanic Elderly (65 years and over) Below poverty

level Northeast Midwest South West **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,378 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,334 7,073 7,119 12,392 8,794 Monthly Housing Costs**  Less than $100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 5 3 91 41 42 186 56 56 83 52 $100 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728 24 8 279 91 219 573 134 211 268 116 $200 to $249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 17 24 218 122 289 505 235 189 187 126 $250 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 2 19 204 78 172 390 122 143 221 156 $300 to $349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 10 26 166 76 166 282 159 151 185 86 $350 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 6 80 191 96 197 317 193 220 256 109 $400 to $449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993 14 61 198 157 216 393 160 267 370 195 $450 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,101 21 83 222 176 192 430 175 348 413 164 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,985 49 200 696 487 389 906 477 800 1,214 493 $600 to $699 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,808 43 219 874 678 438 1,023 578 1,044 1,498 688 $700 to $799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,709 89 195 770 644 366 877 558 895 1,477 779 $800 to $999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,060 151 183 1,337 1,257 517 1,180 1,170 1,187 2,218 1,486 $1,000 to $1,249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,777 174 40 1,041 985 379 833 1,154 668 1,537 1,417 $1,250 to $1,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,631 100 22 430 523 154 333 664 272 734 960 $1,500 to $1,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,247 114 2 262 461 196 244 567 174 501 1,005 $2,000 to $2,499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 46 – 86 132 80 87 160 48 147 363 $2,500 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 53 10 35 58 129 53 169 45 137 245 No cash rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,037 23 248 348 239 481 722 341 398 945 352 **Median (excludes no cash rent) . . . . . . . . 808 1,045 623 746 854 640 629 877 691 764 956 Monthly Housing Costs as Percent of** 

**Current Income 1**  Less than 5 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 7 3 15 35 23 17 50 21 45 47 5 to 9 percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 22 55 105 83 79 21 176 126 256 163 10 to 14 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,964 60 102 295 256 170 47 428 470 615 451 15 to 19 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,224 77 77 553 450 235 87 632 738 1,133 720 20 to 24 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,682 93 105 697 603 329 159 733 736 1,234 979 25 to 29 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,608 138 114 708 615 494 366 722 783 1,170 932 30 to 34 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,956 82 92 651 606 370 360 638 609 992 717 35 to 39 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,317 71 69 525 388 312 322 426 531 828 532 40 to 49 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,322 91 126 689 704 394 561 650 513 1,196 963 50 to 59 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,210 62 75 542 493 298 658 401 422 800 587 60 to 69 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,423 32 65 316 308 227 519 247 245 487 444 70 to 99 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,415 42 89 544 540 383 1,245 495 437 830 653 100 percent or more 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,076 102 159 1,089 762 761 3,156 908 871 1,325 971 Zero or negative income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,261 40 41 369 216 68 1,094 224 217 536 283 No cash rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,037 23 248 348 239 481 722 341 398 945 352 **Median (excludes 2 previous lines) . . . . . 34 31 36 38 38 40 82 33 32 35 35**  **Median (excludes 3 lines before**

**medians) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 29 31 33 33 34 53 30 29 31 31 Rent Paid by Lodgers**  Lodgers in housing units . . . . . . . . 606 17 26 50 211 10 97 106 84 211 205 Less than $200 per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 5 12 17 51 – 19 11 24 49 19 $200 to $299 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 – 7 9 32 7 10 1 11 46 26 $300 to $399 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 3 5 7 38 – 18 16 15 30 32 $400 to $499 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 3 – – 26 – 12 16 5 35 42 $500 to $599 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 – 3 3 18 – 16 9 15 15 28 $600 to $799 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 – – – 22 – 3 13 6 20 19 $800 or more per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 6 – 8 20 3 9 27 1 7 38 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 – – 5 5 – 11 11 5 9 2 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 (Z) (Z) (Z) 332 (Z) 350 500 300 300 450**  **Monthly Cost Paid for Electricity** Electricity used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,368 941 1,421 7,446 6,300 4,623 9,330 7,067 7,119 12,389 8,794 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,259 22 9 181 259 260 330 129 411 49 670 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,426 80 85 869 1,060 860 1,358 1,389 1,403 513 2,122 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,535 144 167 1,307 1,167 848 1,623 1,529 1,490 1,725 1,791 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,469 188 229 1,182 1,002 570 1,284 1,040 1,057 2,248 1,125 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,589 254 383 1,480 1,142 508 1,600 1,026 1,118 3,388 1,057 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,795 102 218 651 515 165 723 320 376 1,622 477 $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,341 56 218 790 368 132 680 354 299 1,359 329 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 98 118 94 82 64 84 71 70 111 62**  Included in rent, other fee, or obtained

free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,954 94 112 986 787 1,280 1,732 1,279 966 1,485 1,224 See footnotes at end of table.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 97 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 4-13. 

## Selected Housing Costs—Renter-Occupied Units —Con.
[Numbers in thousands. **Weighting consistent with Census 2000 .** (X) means not applicable; (Z) means sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero] Housing unit Household characteristics Regions characteristics New Manu- Characteristics Total con- factured/ Elderly Below occupied struction mobile Black (65 years poverty units 4 years homes alone Hispanic and over) level Northeast Midwest South West **Monthly Cost Paid for Piped Gas** Piped gas used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,186 381 417 4,575 4,215 2,610 5,497 5,230 5,046 4,444 6,466 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,447 36 54 350 732 349 612 466 176 373 1,432 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,469 103 107 847 1,083 462 1,067 531 725 1,060 2,153 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,581 90 116 771 679 309 803 722 898 867 1,094 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,054 28 41 490 277 211 490 513 667 550 324 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,884 43 41 421 268 197 483 673 701 342 168 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 10 4 213 83 48 163 225 234 127 57 $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 7 6 238 78 51 187 174 191 130 23 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 54 54 64 44 50 56 71 74 56 37** Included in rent, other fee, or obtained

free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,588 64 48 1,245 1,014 982 1,693 1,927 1,454 993 1,215 **Average Monthly Cost Paid for Fuel Oil** Fuel oil used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,800 19 37 539 589 482 659 2,428 144 174 55 Less than $25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 – 2 2 2 3 17 11 25 10 6 $25 to $49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 – 4 11 13 5 16 40 5 23 3 $50 to $74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 3 6 9 17 3 15 68 3 17 4 $75 to $99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 – – 12 6 15 25 66 9 19 6 $100 to $149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 – 5 12 21 20 30 127 19 8 10 $150 to $199 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 – 5 9 16 19 16 79 8 22 – $200 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 – 4 14 21 28 15 131 7 8 – **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 (Z) (Z) 100 125 150 83 125 75 83 (Z)** Included in rent, other fee, or obtained

free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,068 17 11 471 493 389 525 1,905 69 67 27 **Property Insurance** Property insurance paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,397 367 157 1,512 757 1,478 1,333 1,532 2,476 3,250 2,138 **Median per month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 17 17 17 17 14 15 17 13 16 17 Monthly Costs Paid for Selected Utilities** 

**and Fuels** Water paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,237 321 545 1,857 1,389 762 2,148 640 1,877 4,807 1,913 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 25 27 29 29 25 25 33 28 26 33** Trash paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,551 228 414 1,258 1,129 669 1,675 436 1,627 3,451 2,037 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 20 17 21 20 19 19 18 17 20 23** Bottled gas paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730 27 173 74 106 90 163 119 147 350 115 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 (Z) 44 54 44 43 53 48 64 54 41** Other fuel paid separately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 6 96 83 71 58 160 90 109 252 218 **Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 (Z) 25 19 15 33 (Z) 67 29 17 21**

1 Beginning with 1989, this item uses current income in its calculation; see Appendix A. 2 May reflect a temporary situation, living off savings, or response error.

## 98 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## This page is intentionally blank. 

## Contents Introductory Characteristics—Renter-Occupied Units 71 Height and Condition of Building—Renter-Occupied Units 72 —Con. 73 Size of Unit and Lot—Renter-Occupied Units 74 —Con. 75 Selected Equipment and Plumbing—Renter-Occupied Units 76 —Con. 77 Fuels—Renter-Occupied Units 78 Failures in Equipment—Renter-Occupied Units 79 —Con. 80 Additional Indicators of Housing Quality—Renter-Occupied Units 81 —Con. 82 —Con. 83 Neighborhood—Renter-Occupied Units 84 —Con. 85 —Con. 86 —Con. 87 Household Composition—Renter-Occupied Units 88 —Con. 89 —Con. 90 Previous Unit of Recent Movers—Renter-Occupied Units 91 Reasons for Move and Choice of Current Residence—Renter-Occupied Units 92 —Con. 93 Income Characteristics—Renter-Occupied Units 94 —Con. 95 Selected Housing Costs—Renter-Occupied Units 96 —Con. 97

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Appendix A A-1 

# Appendix A. Definitions

The definitions and explanations given here are, to a con

siderable extent, drawn from the AHS questionnaire and the **AHS Field Representative Manual.** The definitions are alphabetized by the titles used in summary tables. Some cross-references are provided. If a specific definition is not located, try related definitions. The definitions apply to summary tables and to the computer files (“microdata”), unless they are marked “not applicable.” Academic comparison to other area elementary schools. The respondents were asked to rate the public elementary school attended by the child or children of the household. This rating was made in comparison to other elementary schools in the area.
Access to structure. The purpose for asking members of the household if they enter or exit their home by climbing up or down steps or stairs is to find out if they have wheel

chair accessibility. Respondents were asked, “Is it possible to enter [your/this] home/apartment from the outside with

out climbing up or down any steps or stairs?” Additional central air. See the definition “Equipment.” Additions, alterations, remodeling, repairs, and replacements. **Publications.** Internet tables only. Tables are available at <www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/ahs/nationaldata .html>. **Microdata.** The statistics are restricted to owner-occupied units. The respondents were first asked if, in the last 2 years, a major disaster, such as an earthquake, tornado, hurricane, landslide, fire, or flood, required them to make extensive repairs to their homes. Replacements and addi

tions were counted as disaster-required repairs only if the damage involved at least two rooms or a majority of the home. The microdata file also shows the total number of replace

ments/additions reported by all households, and the total cost of these replacements/additions. Each household could name as many as 47 jobs done in their home. Questions were asked about where the work was done, if any rooms were created or attached and if the bathroom or kitchen had been remodeled within the last 2 years. Respondents also were asked if they added or replaced their roofs, siding, interior water pipes; electrical wir

ing, fuse boxes, or breaker switches; doors or windows; plumbing fixtures, such as sinks or bath tubs; insulation; wall-to-wall carpeting, flooring; paneling or ceiling tiles; air conditioning; built-in heating equipment; septic tanks; water heaters; dishwashers, garbage disposals; drive

ways or walkways; fencing or walls; patios, terraces, or detached decks; swimming pools, tennis courts, and other recreational structures; sheds, detached garages, or other buildings. Respondents also had the opportunity to report up to three miscellaneous inside and outside jobs not previously reported. For each job, respondents were asked for the cost of the job including the amount any insurance covered, and whether the job was performed by someone in the household. The microdata file also includes information about whether the household got a low interest loan or grant to pay for the work and the amount spent in a typical year on routine repairs and maintenance. Adults and single children under 18 years old. See the definition “Household composition.” Age of householder. The classification refers to the age reported for the householder as of that person’s last birthday. Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet. The respondent was asked to describe the age of other residential buildings within a half block. For this survey, a half a block is about 300 feet in length. The responses were then classified as **“Older,” “Newer,” “About the same,”**
or **“Very mixed.”** “Very mixed” indicates that the ages vary. If there are no other residential buildings within 300 feet, “No other residential buildings” is indicated. Air conditioning. See the definition “Equipment.” Alterations. See the definition “Additions, alterations, remodeling, repairs, and replacements.” Amenities. See the definition “Selected amenities.” Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value. **Publications.** Real estate taxes paid per $1,000 value of the house (and lot, except for manufactured/mobile homes) are presented. Medians for taxes per $1,000 value are rounded to the nearest dollar. **Microdata.** Not applicable, can be calculated from taxes and value. Bars on windows of buildings within 300 feet. The respondent was asked if any of the buildings within 300 feet of the sample unit have metal bars on the windows. For this survey, a half a block is about 300 feet in length.

## A-2 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## The condition of the windows has no bearing on this item. The windows might be in perfect condition, but the bars might be there to protect against vandalism. Windows that are boarded up or covered with metal sheeting are not included in this category. Bathrooms. See the definition “Complete bathrooms.” Bedrooms. The number of bedrooms in a housing unit includes those rooms that are used mainly for sleeping or designed to be a bedroom, even if used for other purposes. A room reserved only for sleeping, such as a guest room, even if used infrequently, is considered a bedroom. A room built as a bedroom, although not used for that purpose, such as a room meant to be a bedroom but used as a sew

ing room, is counted as a bedroom. On the other hand, a room designed and used mainly for other purposes, such as a den with a sleep sofa used mainly for watching televi

sion, is not considered a bedroom. A housing unit consist

ing of only one room, such as a one-room efficiency apart

ment, is classified by definition as having no bedroom. Bodies of water within 300 feet. These questions deter

mine the proximity of the respondent’s property to bodies of water such as ponds, lakes, rivers, or ocean. Swimming pools and temporary pools of water are not included in this definition. The respondent was also asked if the property is waterfront property and whether the property is on a flood plain. Building and ground maintenance. Renters were asked their level of satisfaction with the maintenance of the grounds and building in which they lived. The responses could have been “completely satisfied,” “partly satisfied,” “dissatisfied,” or “landlord not responsible for ground maintenance.” Building neighbor noise. Respondents in multiunit buildings were asked about noise heard through floors, walls, or ceilings of their units. Respondents were also asked about the frequency of noise. The survey also asked the respondents’ opinions of the loudness of noise as well as whether it was bothersome or not bothersome. Buildings. See the definitions “Bars on windows of build

ings within 300 feet,” “External building conditions,” and “Year structure built.” Business. See the definitions “Income,” “Other activities on property,” and “Rooms used for business.” Cars and trucks available. Included are passenger cars and station wagons owned or regularly used by one or more household members and ordinarily kept at home. Company cars are counted (if used regularly for nonbusi

ness purposes and kept at home), as are taxicabs (if they are owned by a household member and kept at home). The total number of vehicles is not published, since cars are counted separately from “trucks or vans.” In the publications, to obtain a count of all units lacking cars specifically, the lines “no cars, trucks, or vans” and “other households without cars” must be added together. Included are pickups and small panel trucks of one-ton capacity or less, and small vans that were owned or regu

larly used by one or more members of the household and ordinarily kept at home. Company trucks and vans are included if used regularly for nonbusiness purposes and kept at home. To obtain a count of all units lacking trucks or vans, the lines “no cars, trucks, or vans” and “with cars, no trucks or vans” must be added together. Except for units falling in the category “no cars, trucks, or vans,” all units will fall into two categories. For example, a unit with one car only would fall both in the category “1 car with or without trucks or vans” and “with cars, no trucks or vans.” Cash received in primary mortgage refinance. An owner can receive cash from a mortgage lender by refi

nancing the primary mortgage. This increases the out

standing balance of the loan.
Census. See the definition “Comparability with Census 2000 of Population and Housing data.” Central cities. Since 1985, the National AHS has used the official list of central cities published on June 27, 1983, by the Office of Management and Budget as **OMB Bulletin 83-20.**  That list was developed from definitions published January 3, 1980, in the **Federal Register,** Volume 45, and pages 956–963. AHS still uses these 1983 boundaries for data in the microdata files to measure change consistently over time. However, AHS uses the 1990 census-based geography for the data in the 2009 national publication. Most metropolitan statistical areas had at least one central city, which was usually its largest city. In addition, any city with at least 250,000 population or at least 100,000 peo

ple working within its corporate limits qualified as a central city. Smaller cities were also identified as central cities if they had at least 25,000 population and (1) had at least 75 jobs for each 100 residents who were employed, and (2) 60 percent or fewer of the city’s resident workers commuted to jobs outside the city. Finally, in certain smaller metro

politan statistical areas, there were places with between 15,000 and 25,000 population that qualified as central cities because they were at least one-third the size of the metropolitan statistical area’s largest city and met the two commuting requirements. See also the definitions “Place size” and “Urban and rural residence.” Change in housing costs. For the householder and those who moved with the householder, a comparison is made between the share of the housing costs paid in the previous unit and the share paid in the present residence.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-3 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Housing costs include mortgage and rent payment, real center or clubhouse, golf course, walking/jogging trails, estate taxes, insurance, utilities, land rent, and mobile shuttle bus, day care center, private or restricted-access home park fees. beach, park, or shoreline. Choice of present home and home search. Commuting. See the definitions “Journey to work” and **Publications.** These data are shown for units where the “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services.” respondent moved during the 12 months prior to the inter- Comparability with Census 2000 Population and view. The respondent was asked a four-part question on Housing data. The concepts and definitions are largely choice of present home: (1) whether the respondent looked the same for items that appeared in Census 2000 with the at both houses or manufactured/mobile homes, and apart- following main exceptions. ments; (2) the reasons the respondent chose the present home; (3) the main reason the present home was chosen;and (4) how the respondent found their home. The distribution for choice of present home may not add to the total because the respondent was not limited to one response. See the definition “Reasons for leaving previous unit.” In the AHS publications, recent movers are householders who moved into their unit during the 12 months prior to the interview. In Census 2000, mover households were those who moved between January 1, 1999, and March 31, 2000, a period of 15 months or less.

**Microdata.** The statistics are shown for units where therespondent moved during the 24 months prior to the interview. Respondents are also asked for the number of houses involved in the search, why they stopped looking, and how they heard about the unit. In the AHS, the number of bedrooms in the housing unit is the count of rooms used mainly for sleeping, even if theyalso are used for other purposes. In Census 2000, the number of bedrooms was the number that the owner would have listed if the house or apartment were on the market for sale or rent. Choice of present neighborhood and neighborhood search. Data on poverty status in Census 2000 were compiled using the same approach as the official poverty measure. **Publications.** These data are shown for units where the Since poverty is a family-based measure, this means that respondent moved during the 12 months prior to the household members who were unrelated to the houseinterview. The respondent was asked a three-part ques- holder had a poverty status based on their own individual tion on choice of present neighborhood: (1) whether the incomes, whereas household members related to the respondent looked for a house/apartment in any other householder had a poverty status based on the combined neighborhood; (2) the reasons the respondent chose the family income. Furthermore, Census 2000 did not evaluate present neighborhood; and (3) the main reason the present the poverty status of unrelated individuals under the age neighborhood was chosen. The distribution for choice of of 15. In the AHS, data on poverty status are based on the present neighborhood may not add to the total because the household as a unit. As a result, the total income of the respondent was not limited to one response. household—the sum of the income of all household mem**Microdata.** The statistics are shown for units where the respondent moved during the 24 months prior to the interview. bers whether or not they are related to the householder—is used to determine the poverty status of the household and all the members living in it. (See the definition “Poverty status” for additional details.) Citizenship. Income data in the AHS are based on income for the 12 **Citizenship of householder.** Place of birth was asked for months prior to interview for those household members each householder and every household member. There are 16 years and older. The Census 2000 income data are for five categories of citizenship status: (1) born in the United calendar year 1999 and for income of household members States, (2) born in Puerto Rico or another U.S. outlying area, 15 years and older.(3) born abroad of U.S. citizen parents, (4) naturalized citizens, or (5) noncitizens. People born in the United States are citizens at birth. Differences between the AHS and Census 2000 data also may be attributed to the method of data collection (mailedquestionnaires in the census, personal and telephone inter**Year householder immigrated to the United States.** The data views in the AHS); differences in processing procedures and are based on information reported for the householder and sample designs; the sampling variability associated with refer to the year the householder immigrated to the United the sample data from both the AHS and the census; and the States. nonsampling errors associated with the survey estimates Community quality. Data are shown for units in comand the census data. munities that have one or more of the following amenities A variety of data on mortgages and owner-occupied propfor the use of its members and their guests: a community erties are presented in the Residential Finance Survey, a

## A-4 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## specialized study done as part of Census 2000. Differences Consolidated metropolitan statistical areas. A include the fact that the basic unit of tabulation in the AHS consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA) is made is the housing unit and in Residential Finance publications up of at least two primary metropolitan statistical areas. it is the property. Also, all the data in the AHS are provided The microdata identify specific CMSAs. See the definition by the occupant; in Residential Finance publications, mort- “Metropolitan areas.” gage is reconciled with responses from the lender. Construction. See the definitions “Comparability Comparability with Current Construction Reports with Current Construction Reports from the Survey of from the Survey of Construction. The U.S. Census Construction” and “Year structure built.” Bureau issues several publications under the series title, Cooling degree days. See the definition “Heating and **Current Construction Reports.** The data for these reports cooling degree days.” are primarily from the Survey of Construction. Cooperatives and condominiums. A cooperative is a The major difference with the AHS is that the Survey of type of ownership whereby a group of housing units is Construction shows counts and characteristics of housing owned by a corporation of member-owners. Each individual units in various stages of construction through completion. member is entitled to occupy or rent out an individual The AHS shows only counts and characteristics of com- housing unit and is a shareholder in the corporation that pleted housing. Additional differences may be attributed to owns the property, but does not own the unit directly. The factors such as the sampling variability and nonsampling corporation may have a mortgage on the whole group of errors of the data from the two surveys, survey procedures units. The member may have a loan or mortgage to buy his and techniques, and processing procedures. or her shares in the corporation. Complete bathrooms. A housing unit is classified as hav- A condominium is a type of ownership that enables a ing a complete bathroom if it has a room or adjoining areas person to own an apartment or house directly in a project with a flush toilet, bathtub or shower, sink, and hot and of similarly owned units. The owner’s name is on the deed, cold-piped water. A half bathroom has hot and cold piped and the owner may have a mortgage on the unit occupied. water and either a flush toilet or a bathtub or shower, but The owner also may hold common or joint ownership in does not have all the facilities for a complete bathroom. some or all-common areas such as grounds, hallways, Condition of streets within 300 feet. The respondent entrances, and elevators. was asked if any of the streets within half a block of the Cooperative or condominium ownership may apply to sample unit need major repairs, minor repairs, or no repair various types of structures such as single-family houses, work. Major repairs include large potholes, badly crum- rowhouses, and townhouses, as well as apartment units. bling or deteriorating shoulders and roadsides, and deep ruts. Minor repairs include small cracks, shallow holes, or Cost. See the definitions “Annual taxes paid per $1,000 missing minor surfacing. value,” “Change in housing costs,” “Monthly housing costs,” “Mortgages currently on property,” “Other housing costs Condominiums. See the definition for “Cooperatives and per month,” and “Real estate taxes.” condominiums.” Cost and ownership sharing. This item is restricted to Condominium and cooperative fee. A condominium fee owner-occupied housing units. Shared ownership is two or is charged to the owners of the individual condominium more names on a deed or title. Shared costs include only unit on a regular basis. The fee covers operating and main- payments designated for mortgage or utility costs (not tenance costs of the common property; for example: halls, taxes or insurance), whether paid directly to a mortgage or lobby, parking areas, laundry room, swimming pool; as utility company, or to household members. Not living here well as related administrative costs, such as utilities billed means that one of the people sharing the ownership or communally and management fees. costs is not a household member. A cooperative maintenance fee (also called carrying charge) Crime. See the definition “Neighborhood crime.” is a fee charged to the owners of the cooperative on a regular basis. It covers a share of the annual amount paid Crop sales. by the cooperative for real estate taxes, mortgage inter- **National microdata.** Data on sales of $1,000 or more of est, and operating cost. In the publications, medians for agricultural products during the 12-month period prior to condominium fees and cooperative fees are rounded to the the interview were collected in rural areas. nearest dollar. **Metropolitan microdata.** Not applicable.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-5 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Current income. Current income for families and primary **Commercial or institutional** refers to nonresidential buildindividuals for most respondents is defined as the total ings such as offices, stores, restaurants, hotels, banks, income of the family and any primary individuals in the churches, parking garages, hospitals, schools, and prisons. past year. **Industrial or factory** refers to nonresidential buildings such Upon completion of the detailed income questions, as factories, barns, junkyards, water treatment plants, and respondents were asked, “Is your total family income THIS pumping stations. MONTH about the same as it was a year ago?” “About thesame” was defined as within 10 percent, or just cost of living adjustments. If the respondent answered “no,” a second question was asked, “What do you expect your total family income to be in the NEXT 12 MONTHS?” If the total income **Open space** refers to areas such as a park, woods, farm, or ranch within half a block of the home/building. It includes other areas such as cemeteries, golf courses, woods, forest preserves, vacant lots, undeveloped land, airport land, ball of the family and any primary individuals in the past year fields, and school fields. is unknown, the estimate of the total family income in the **4-or-more-lane highway, railroad, airport, bodies of water** next 12 months is used as the current income. include divided or undivided highways of at least four Current income is not published separately. It is used only in the calculation of “Ratio of value to current income” and lanes, railroad or streetcar tracks, public, private, or military airfields. “Monthly housing costs as percent of current income.” Disability. Current interest rate. This item refers to the annual **Households with disabled persons.** Disability status is colpercentage rate of the mortgage in effect as of the date of lected for each member of the household. There are six the interview, not the rate when the mortgage was made, categories of disabilities: hearing and vision disabilities are nor any future changes of variable rates of which the collected for all household members; mental, physical, and respondent may be aware. In the publications, medians for self-care disabilities are collected for household members current interest rate are rounded to the nearest tenth of a at least 5 years of age; and go-outside-home disabilities are percent. collected for members at least 15 years of age. Current line-of-credit interest rate. This item refers **Hearing disability.** A person with a hearing disability is deaf to the annual percentage rate in effect on current line-of- or has a hearing impairment that makes it very difficult to credit outstanding balances. hear conversations, televisions, or radio broadcasts. Current total loan as percent of value. **Vision disability.** A person with a vision disability is blind **Publications.** This percentage is computed by dividing the outstanding principal amount by the value of the housing or has serious difficulty reading or driving due to a visual impairment even when wearing glasses. unit. These medians are rounded to the nearest tenth of a **Mental disability.** A person with a mental disability has percent. serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making **Microdata.** Not applicable. decisions. This includes Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and serious learning disabilities. Dependent interviewing. Dependent interviewing is theprocess by which data from surveys conducted in previous years are used instead of, in addition to, or to verify data collected during the current interview. The first use of dependent interviewing in AHS was for the item “Year **Physical disability.** A person with a physical disability has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs. This is defined as difficulty walking up to three city blocks or climbing one flight of stairs. structure built” in the year 1984. See Appendix C for **Self-care disability.** A person with a self-care disability has dependent interviewing items that were added in 2009. serious difficulty dressing or bathing oneself. Description of area within 300 feet. The respondent **Go-outside-home disability.** A person with a go-outsidewas asked to describe the area within half a block of the home disability has difficulty doing errands such as visiting sample unit. The categories include: single-family detached a doctor’s office or shopping by oneself. houses, single-family attached houses, low-rise (1–3 story)multiunit buildings, mid-rise (4–6 story) multiunit buildings, high-rise (7-or-more story) multiunit buildings, and manufactured/mobile homes. It also includes the following categories: Down payment. This item refers to the total amount of money used for the down payment or outright purchase of the home. Respondents were allowed to answer by givinga total dollar amount or by giving a percent of the purchase price. See also the definition “Major source of down payment.”

## Educational attainment. Data on educational attainment or the breaker switch reset. Blown fuses inside major are derived from a question that asks, “What is the highest pieces of installed equipment (such as some air condilevel of school . . . completed or the highest degree . . . has tioners) are counted as blown fuses or tripped breaker received?” The question on educational attainment applies switches. The item may identify inadequate wiring, but it only to progress in “regular” schools. Regular schools also happens commonly when people move into houses include public, private, and parochial elementary and high and are unfamiliar with which items can be turned on at schools (both junior and senior), colleges and universities, the same time. professional, vocational, trade, and business schools. The Electricity. See the definition “Monthly costs paid for elec- credits obtained are regarded as transferable in the regular tricity and piped gas.” school system. Elevator on floor. Statistics are shown for housing units Other schools include schools available for children 4 in structures with two or more floors that have one or more through 16 years of age that are not public or private passenger elevators in working condition on the same graded schools. Some examples are ungraded schools, spe- floor as the sample unit. Elevators used only for freight are cial schools, preschools, and early learning centers. excluded. The category “high school graduate” includes people Equipment. This item refers to selected equipment that is who received either a high school diploma or the equiva- not shared with other households. Refrigerators, burners, lent; for example, passed the Test of General Educational ovens, and disposals are counted only if they were in work- Development (GED) and did not attend college. The cat- ing order or the household planned to have them repaired egory “Associate’s degree” includes people whose high- or replaced soon. est degree is an associate’s degree in (1) an occupational program that prepares them for a specific occupation and **Complete kitchen facilities.** A housing unit has complete the course work may or may not be creditable toward a kitchen facilities when it has all of the following: (1) bachelor’s degree or (2) an academic program primarily kitchen sink; (2) burners, cook stove, or microwave oven; in the arts and sciences, and the course work is transfer- and (3) refrigerator. These terms are further defined below. able to a bachelor’s degree. Some examples of professional The same criteria are used for occupied and vacant units degrees include medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and law. in determining complete kitchen facilities. In some areas of the country it is common for the occupant to bring a refrig- In the publications, to obtain the total number of house- erator. In these cases, the vacant unit, lacking a refrigera- holders who are high school graduates, add (1) high school tor, has an incomplete kitchen. graduates only (includes equivalency), (2) graduates with some college, no degree, (3) with an associate’s degree, (4) **Kitchen sink.** Only a sink in the unit or on an enclosed with a bachelor’s degree, and (5) with a graduate or profes- porch is counted, but it does not matter whether it is in sional degree. To obtain the total number of householder the kitchen. However a bathroom sink does not count as a graduates with a bachelor’s degree, add (1) with a bache- kitchen sink. lor’s degree and (2) with a graduate or professional degree. **Refrigerator.** It may or may not have a freezer. Kerosene The microdata have similar information on other household refrigerators are counted, but not ice boxes. members aged 14 years and older. **Cooking stove or range.** The cook stove or range can be Elderly. mechanical or wood burning. **Publications.** Data for the elderly include all households **Burners.** Data for burners were collected only if the respon- with householders 65 years and older. Note that this defini- dent did not report having a cooking stove with oven. tion is narrower than in Department of Housing and Urban Burners built into a stove or counter top are counted, as Development housing programs, which count as elderly all are burners on a wood burning stove. households where the householder or spouse is 62 or older or has a disability. **Microwave oven.** Data for microwave ovens were collected only if the respondent did not report having a cooking **Microdata.** Not applicable; data can be classified at any stove with oven or burners. Prior to 1997, the data col- age. lected included all types of ovens except toaster ovens. Electric fuses and circuit breakers. These statistics **Dishwasher.** Counter top dishwashers are not counted. are presented for occupied housing units. The data show whether an electric fuse has blown or circuit breaker has **Washing machine.** Any kind with a motor is counted. tripped in the home in the 3 months prior to the interview, or while the household was living in the unit if less than 3 **Clothes dryer.** Only clothes dryers with motors are counted, months. A blown fuse or tripped breaker switch results in not hand-operated wringers or hand-turned spin dryers. the temporary loss of electricity until the fuse is replaced A-6 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-7 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Disposal in sink. A disposal is a motorized device that grinds waste so it can flow through the waste water pipe. **Trash compactor.** Only built-in motorized trash compactors are counted. **Air conditioning.** Air conditioning is defined as the cooling of air by a refrigeration unit. This definition excludes evap

orative coolers, fans, or blowers that are not connected to a refrigeration unit. **Central air conditioning** refers to a central system, which air-conditions the entire housing unit or major portions of it. In an apartment building, a central system may cool all apartments in the building, each apartment may have its own central system, or there may be several systems that provide central air conditioning for a group of apartments. A central installation with individual room controls is a central air conditioning system. **Additional central** refers to a second central air condition

ing system (e.g., a dual zone heat pump system).
**Room** (air conditioning) **unit** refers to an individual air conditioner installed in a window or an outside wall and is generally intended to cool one room, although it may be used to cool several rooms. External building conditions. The external condition of the building that contains the sample unit is determined by direct questions asked of the respondent. The categories were grouped into the following: roof, walls, windows, and foundation. **Roof.** A “sagging roof” is a critical defect indicating continu

ous neglect, or deep or serious damage to the structure. Only roofs with substantial sagging are included. “Missing roofing material” includes rotted, broken, loose or missing shingles, tiles, slate, shake, and tin, caused by extensive damage from fire, storm, or serious neglect. “Hole in roof” occurs when the missing roof materials expose the interior of the unit directly to weather. Holes caused by construc

tion activity are not counted unless the construction has been abandoned. **Walls.** “Missing bricks, siding, other outside wall mate

rial” applies to the exterior wall (including chimney) of the structure. These defects may be caused by storm, fire, flood, extensive neglect, vandalism, and so forth. Materials may include clapboard siding, shingles, boards, brick, con

crete, and stucco. The missing materials do not necessarily expose the interior of the unit directly to weather. Missing materials resulting from construction activity are not counted unless construction has been abandoned. “Sloping outside walls” is a critical defect indicating continuous neglect or serious damage to the structure. Only walls with substantial sagging are included. **Windows.** “Boarded-up windows” have been sealed off to protect against weather or entry and include windows and/ or doors covered by board, brick, metal, or some other material. “Broken windows” indicate several broken or missing window panes. “Bars on windows” are to protect against unlawful entry. The condition of the windows has no bearing on this item. The bars can be vertical, horizon

tal, or a metal grating. Windows completely covered with metal sheeting are not included in this category. **Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole.** This category includes large cracks, holes, and rotted, loose, or missing foundation material. Extra unit. Extra units include units classified as usual residence elsewhere (URE), vacant units designated as occasional use, and seasonal units (excluding migratory). A series of four questions was asked concerning these units. **Reasons for extra unit owned:**

• Previous usual residence—never sold the unit after mov

ing from the unit into a new permanent residence.

• Recreational purposes—used for vacations, weekends,

sports, and holidays, but not anyone’s usual residence currently.

• Investment purposes—kept currently for investment pur

poses regardless of why it was obtained originally.

• Unable to sell the property—the owner is currently

attempting to sell the unit but has not been successful.

• Inherited property—received as an inheritance in the set

tling of an estate.

• Other reasons—used if none of the other designations

applied. **Location of extra unit.** Designates how close the unit is to the owner’s current residence. **Nights owner spent at extra unit.** Indicates how often the extra unit was used by the owner during the 12 months prior to the interview. **Nights owner rented extra unit.** Determines how often the extra unit was used by people other than the owner during the 12 months prior to the interview. Family or primary individual. While any occupant of a housing unit is called a household member, each house

hold includes either one of the following:

• A**family,** which is the householder and all (one or

more) other people living in the same household who are related to the householder by blood, marriage, or adoption.

## A-8 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## • A **primary individual,** which is a householder who lives

alone or with nonrelatives only. In any case, the house

hold also may include one or more roommates, lodg

ers, resident employees, or other people unrelated to the householder. These are considered members of the household but not of the family. Married couples related to the householder of a family are included in the family and are not considered as separate families unless they reside in separate living quarters. While they are part of the **family,** they are also usually a **subfamily** (see the definition “Persons other than spouse or children”). By definition, families include the householder and at least one relative, so in the statistics on household composition, families are always included in the various categories of two-or-more-person households. Primary individuals withnonrelatives living with them also are tabulated as two-ormore-person households. Primary individuals living alone are tabulated as one-person households. The definition of families and primary individuals is sig

nificant in that some income items are collected only for the family or primary individual; these are current income and food stamps. For other household members 16 years and older, who are not related to the householder, total income is collected for each person, but current changes in income are not identified, and their income is not included in comparisons with monthly housing costs or value. The distinction is meant to approximate whose income may be available for housing and other shared living expenses. However it is imperfect in the case of roommates who share more or less equally. See also the definition “Household composition.”
Farm. See the definition “Crop sales.” Fire extinguisher. See the definition “Safety equipment.” First-time owners. If neither the owner nor any co-owner has ever owned or co-owned another home as a usual residence, then the housing unit is reported as the first home ever owned. Previous homes purchased solely as vacation homes or homes purchased for commercial rental purposes are not considered usual residences. However, if a previously owned home was originally purchased as a usual residence and later used as a vacation home or for commercial or rental purposes, the owner is not a first time
owner. Flush toilet and flush toilet breakdowns. A privy or chemical toilet is not considered a flush toilet. Flush toilets outside the unit are not counted. The statistics on break

downs of flush toilet are shown for housing units with at least one flush toilet for the household’s use only. The flush toilet may be completely unusable because of a faulty flushing mechanism, broken pipes, stopped up sewer pipe, lack of water supplied to the flush toilet, or some other rea

son. For households with more than one toilet, the ques

tion asked about times when all toilets were unusable. Food stamps. These data are restricted to families and primary individuals with total incomes of $25,000 per year or less. Housing units are counted in these data if the householder or any relative currently living in the unit received food stamps in the past year, even at another address. Throughout most of the United States, stamps have been replaced by the electronic benefit transfer (EBT) which is a system allowing transfer via debit card of gov

ernment benefits from a federal account to a retail outlet’s account. The food stamp program is a joint federal-state program that is administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and state and local governments. Foundation. This item is restricted to one-unit buildings and excludes mobile homes. A structure has a basement if there is an enclosed space at least partially underground in which a person can walk upright under all or part of the building. The basement is under all the building if it is under the entire main structure, excluding garages, car

ports, and porches. A crawl space is space between the ground and the first floor of the house, but it is not high enough for a person to walk upright. A house is built on a concrete slab if it is built on concrete that has been poured on the ground. The “other” category refers to boats, motor homes, or houses built on stilts or pilings (for example, beach houses). Fuels. **Electricity** may be supplied by above- or underground elec

tric power lines or generated at the housing unit. **Piped gas** is gas piped through underground pipes from a central system to serve the neighborhood. **Bottled gas** is pressurized gas stored in tanks or bottles that are filled or exchanged when empty. **Fuel oil** is heating oil normally supplied by truck to a stor

age tank for use by the heating system. **Kerosene or other liquid fuel** includes kerosene, gasoline, alcohol, and other similar combustible liquids. **Coal or coke** is usually delivered by truck. **Wood** refers to the use of wood or wood charcoal as a fuel. **Solar energy** refers to the use of energy available from sunlight as a heating fuel source. **Other** includes briquettes made of pitch and sawdust, coal dust, waste material like corncobs, purchased steam, or any other fuel not listed.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-9 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Fuels, other house heating. These are the same types of fuels mentioned above but used in addition to and/or supplementing the main house heating fuel.
Gas. See the definition “Monthly costs paid for electricity and piped gas.” Go-outside-home disability. See the definition “Disability.” Government subsidy for repairs. “Government subsidy for repairs” refers to an assistance program provided by the federal, state, or local government for the purpose of obtaining or installing energy conservation products for low-income households. The money must be spent that way. The type of products include insulation, storm doors, storm windows, weather stripping, caulking, furnace tune ups, or for repair of broken doors and windows. Ground anchors. See the definition “Manufactured/mobile home tiedowns.” Group quarters. See the definition “Housing units.” Hearing disability. See the definition “Disability.” Heating and cooling degree days. **National publications.** Not available. **Microdata.** Each degree that the average temperature for a day is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit produces one **heating degree day (HDD)**  . For example, if the maximum tem

perature is 70 degrees F and the minimum temperature is 52 degrees F, the average temperature for the day is 61 degrees, resulting in four heating degree days. A day when the average temperature is 65 or more has zero heating degree days. Each degree that the average temperature for a day is above 65 degrees Fahrenheit produces one cooling degree day (CDD). For example, if the maximum temperature is 80 degrees F and the minimum temperature is 62 degrees F, the average temperature for the day is 71 degrees, result

ing in six cooling degree days. A day when the average temperature is 65 or less has zero cooling degree days. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provided the information on degree days, based on averages for 1951–80. Each sample unit was assigned heating and cooling degree days using average NOAA data for counties. **Metropolitan publications and microdata.** Not applicable. Heating equipment. Data are shown for the main heating equipment and other heating equipment used in addition to the main heating equipment. More than one category of “Other heating equipment” could be reported for the same household. Only one type of equipment was shown as the “Main heating equipment.” **Warm-air furnace** refers to a central system that provides warm air through ducts leading to various rooms. **Steam or hot water system** refers to a central heating system in which heat from steam or hot water is delivered through radiators or other outlets. It also includes solar heated hot water that is circulated throughout the home. **Electric heat pump** refers to a heating and cooling system that utilizes indoor and outdoor coils, a compressor, and a refrigerant to pump in heat during the winter and pump out heat during the summer. Only heat pumps that are cen

trally installed with ducts to the rooms are included in this category. Others are included in wall units. **Built-in electric units** refer to units permanently installed in floors, walls, ceilings, or baseboards. **Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air unit without ducts** refers to a system that delivers warm air to the room right above the furnace or to the room(s) on one or both sides of the wall in which the furnace is installed. **Room heater with flue** refers to nonportable room heaters in the wall or freestanding heaters that burn liquid fuel, and which are connected to a flue, vent, or chimney to remove smoke and fumes. **Room heater without flue** refers to any room heater that burns kerosene, gas, or oil, and that does not connect to flue, vent, or chimney. **Portable electric heater** refers to heaters that receive cur

rent from an electrical wall outlet. **Fireplace with inserts** refers to a fan-forced air circulation system installed in the fireplace to force the heat into the
room. **Fireplace without inserts** refers to glass door fire screens or fire backs inserted in the back of the fireplace to passively reflect heat. **Cooking stove** refers to gas or electric ranges or stoves originally manufactured to cook food.
**Stove** refers to any range or stove that burns solid fuel including wood burning, potbelly, and Franklin stoves. **Other** includes any heating equipment that does not fit the definition for any of the previous definitions. Heating problems. Statistics are shown for housing units occupied by the householder during the winter prior to the interview and refer only to the main heating equipment. The data are classified by whether the housing unit was uncomfortably cold for 24 hours or more, the number of times equipment breakdowns lasted 6 hours or more, and causes for the breakdowns. The heating equipment is bro

ken down if it is not providing heat at its normal heating capacity through some fault in the equipment.

## A-10 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Utility interruptions occur when there is a cutoff in the gas, electricity, or other fuel supplying the heat. **Inadequate heating capacity** refers to heating equipment that is providing heat at its normal capacity, but the hous

ing unit is still too cold for the occupants. **Inadequate insulation** refers to air drafts through window frames, electrical outlets, or walls that are cold. **Cost of heating** refers to the occupants turning down their thermostat or turning the equipment off altogether to save money. This category includes utilities/fuels that are unavailable due to unpaid bills. Hispanic. “Hispanic” refers to the origin of the house

holder, and was determined by asking respondents to iden

tify people living in the unit who were Hispanic or SpanishAmerican. There is no intent to include people of Brazilian or Portuguese ancestry. Hispanics may be of any race. Home-equity line-of-credit. This revolving home-equity loan allows the property owner to borrow against the equity up to a fixed limit set by the lender without reapply

ing for a loan. Home-equity lump-sum loan. This home-equity loan is paid out in a one-time lump-sum amount and must be repaid over a set period. Home-equity mortgage. See the definition “Mortgages currently on property.” Homes currently for sale or rent. The data are pre

sented in the publication for owner-occupied units, year round units temporarily occupied by people who have a usual residence elsewhere, and vacant units. The owner may offer the unit up for rent only, up for rent or for sale, or for sale only. In addition, the owner may have con

tracted to rent or sell the unit, but the transfer has not yet taken place. Finally, the housing unit may be not on the market at all. Household. A household consists of all people who occupy a particular housing unit as their usual residence, or who live there at the time of the interview and have no usual residence elsewhere. The usual residence is the place where the person lives and sleeps most of the time. This place is not necessarily the same as a legal residence, vot

ing residence, or domicile. Households include not only occupants related to the householder but also any lodgers, roomers, boarders, part

ners, wards, foster children, and resident employees who share the living quarters of the householder. It includes people temporarily away for reasons such as visiting, traveling in connection with their jobs, attending school, in general hospitals, and in other temporary relocations. By definition, the count of households is the same as the count of occupied housing units. Household composition. **Publications.** The following categories are published: **Married-couple families.** Each household in this group includes the householder and spouse, and other people, if any, who are related to the householder and live in the household. If the householder’s spouse is not present, butanother married couple is present; for example, daughterand son-in-law or mother- and father-in-law, the household is not counted here as a married-couple family. **Other male householder.** This category includes house

holds with male householders who are widowed, divorced, separated, or single, or who are married with wife absent for other reasons. **Other female householder.** This category includes house

holds with female householders who are widowed, divorced, separated, or single, or who are married with husband absent for other reasons. **No nonrelatives.** When this phrase modifies married-couple households, then households that include householder, spouse, nonrelatives, and other relatives, if any, are included with other male and other female householder, rather than with married-couples, no nonrelatives. The data are published both ways, in the data tables, so readers can see whether their findings are affected by the presence of nonrelatives with married couples. **Single children under 18 years old.** This category includes all household members less than 18 years, whether related to the householder or not, who are not currently married (they have never been married, or are divorced, separated, or widowed). For example, it includes currently unmarried children of lodgers and foster children. **Own never-married children under 18 years old.** This cat

egory includes any household member under 18 years old, if he or she has never been married, and is a son, daughter, stepchild, or adopted child of the householder. By defini

tion, children of subfamilies are not children of the house

holder, so they are excluded from this count. The data are published for both this definition of children and the definition above (based on age and current marital status) in different tables (2–9, 3–9, and 4–9) so readers can see whether the definition of children affects their findings. See also the definitions “Family or primary individual” and “Persons other than spouse or children.” **Microdata.** Not applicable; researchers may calculate these and other categories from the data on each person. Household moves and formation. **Publications.** Data are shown for households that moved into the present unit during the 12 months prior to the date of the interview. The distribution is further classified

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-11 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## by whether the household moved together from the same unit, from two or more units or moved at separate times. The total does not measure net household formation, since it omits deaths, moves to institutions, and moves abroad, and it does not show whether all occupants of the previous unit moved here; some may have stayed there, or moved elsewhere. The categories do indicate people moving out of units where they were not the householder (divorce or children setting out on their own), and people moving in with oth

ers (marriage, roommates, children moving from one par

ent to another, or to a grandparent). **Microdata.** Data are shown for households that moved into the present unit during the 24 months prior to the date of the interview. Householder. The householder is the first household member listed on the questionnaire who is an owner or renter of the sample unit and is 18 years or older. An owner is a person whose name is on the deed, mortgage, or contract to purchase. A renter is a person whose name is on the lease. If there is no lease, a renter is a person responsible for paying the rent. If no one meets the full criteria, the age requirement is relaxed to 14 years or older before the owner/renter requirement. Where the respon

dent is one of several unrelated people who all could meet the criteria, the interviewer will select one of them to be listed first who then becomes the householder. The house

holder is not necessarily the one answering the survey questions. See also the definition “Respondent.” Housing units. A housing unit is a house, apartment, group of rooms, or single room occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. **Living quarters** is a general term that includes both **hous**

  ** ing units** and **group quarters.** Living quarters include structures intended for residential use (such as a house, apartment building, boarding house, or mobile home). Living quarters also include the following, but only if they are occupied as usual residences: (a) places such as tents, caves, boats, and railroad cars; and (b) structures intended for nonresidential use (such as rooms in a warehouse where a guard lives). Living quarters exclude quarters being used entirely for nonresidential purposes, such as a store, an office, or quarters used for storing business sup

plies, machinery, or agricultural products. **Separate** living quarters are those in which the occupants live **separately** from any other people in the structure and that have **direct access** from the outside of the structure or through a common hall, lobby, or vestibule that is used or intended for use by the occupants of more than one unit or by the general public. This means that the hall, lobby, or vestibule is not part of any unit, and must be clearly separate from all units in the structure. For vacant units, the criteria of **separateness** and **direct access** are applied to the intended occupants whenever possible. If the infor

mation cannot be obtained, the criteria are applied to the previous occupants. **Group quarters.** The following types of living quarters are not classified as housing units and are not covered by the AHS interviews (some are in the microdata as noninterviews): **Institutional group quarters** are living quarters occupied by one or more people under care or custody, such as children in an orphanage, people in a nursing home, and prisoners in a penitentiary. **Noninstitutional group quarters** do not involve skilled medical care or custody, and do not have separate living. They include college dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, and nurse’s dormitories. Note that institutional and commercial establishments that have single-family houses or individual apartments with direct access, where staff lives separately, such as some residential hotels, and units for college professors, are housing units. Military housing for singles is not covered, but housing where civilian family members live is, if it meets the definition of a housing unit. **Hotels.** Occupied rooms or suites of rooms in hotels, motels, and similar places are classified as housing units only when occupied by permanent residents; that is, peo

ple who consider the hotel as their usual residence or have no usual residence elsewhere. Vacant rooms or suites of rooms are classified as housing units only in those hotels, motels, and similar places in which 75 percent or more of the accommodations are occupied by permanent residents. **Rooming houses.** If any of the occupants in a rooming or boarding house live separately from everyone else in the building and have direct access, their quarters are clas

sified as separate housing units. The remaining quarters are combined. If the combined quarters contain eight or fewer roomers unrelated to the householder, or a person in charge, they are counted as one housing unit. Otherwise they are noninstitutional group quarters. **New housing units.** Units being built are classified as hous

ing units (though they may be vacant) if construction has reached a point where all exterior windows and doors are installed and final usable floors are in place. Note this stage of construction is earlier than the one used in dura

tion of vacancy (see the definition “Vacancy, seasonality”), which measures when construction was completed. The occupants of each housing unit may be a single fam

ily, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated people who share living arrangements.

## A-12 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Both occupied and vacant units are counted, except that the following are excluded if they are vacant: (a) tents, caves, boats, railroad cars, and the like; (b) structures intended for nonresidential use; (c) units used for business storage (storage of personal furniture does not disqualify a unit); and (d) units unfit for human habitation (roof, walls, windows, or doors no longer protect the interior from weather, or there is positive evidence, such as a sign on the house or block, that the unit is to be demolished or is condemned). How the housing unit was acquired. The householder obtained the housing unit by one of several options: by buying a house already built; by signing a sales agreement that included the land as well as the cost of building a house; by having a contractor build it on the householder’s land; by the householder building it on the householder’s own land (this includes a person acting as own contrac

tor and includes leased land); or by receiving it as a gift or inheritance.
Income. The survey covers total money income in the 12 months before the interview. It covers people aged 16 and older (aged 14 and older before 1999) currently living in the housing unit, even if they lived elsewhere during some of the previous 12 months. The figures represent the amount of income before any deductions such as taxes, social security, union dues, bonds, and insurance. The figures exclude capital gains; lump-sum payments from inheritances or insurance; occasional gifts; other spo

radic payments; money borrowed; tax refunds; withdrawal of bank deposits; accrued interest on un-cashed savings bonds; payments between household members except wages in a family business; income “in kind,” such as free living quarters, housing subsidies, food stamps, or food produced and consumed in the home; and money from the sale of property (unless the recipient was in the business of selling such property). Figures also exclude income of people who have died or moved out of the housing unit, even if they lived in it for part of the previous 12 months. For household members related to the householder, the interview asks the respondent for the information. For people not related to the householder, the interviewer tries to ask them directly about their income, but if they are not available, the interviewer asks the respondent. Medians for income are rounded to the nearest dollars. Figures are shown separately for household income and income of families and primary individuals (see the defi

nition “Family or primary individual”). Each has its own advantages. Only household income includes the income of lodgers, roommates, employees, and other household members who are not related to the householder. **Wage or salary income** includes total money earnings received for work performed as an employee during the past 12 months. It includes wages, salary, armed forces pay, commissions, tips, piece-rate payments, and cash bonuses earned before deductions were made for taxes, bonds, pensions, and union dues. **Self-employment income** includes net money income (gross receipts minus expenses) from one’s own business, profes

sional practice, partnership, farm, or ranch.
**Interest** is money received or credited to checking and sav

ings accounts, money market funds, certificates of deposit (CDs), IRAs, KEOGHs, and government bonds. **Dividends** are money received, credited, or reinvested from ownership of stocks or mutual funds. **Rental income** is money (profits or losses) received from renting land, buildings, real estate, or from roomers or boarders. **Social security income or Railroad retirement. Social secu** 

**** **rity income** includes social security pensions and survivor benefits, permanent disability insurance payments made by the Social Security Administration prior to deductions for medical insurance. **Railroad retirement** insurance checks come from the U.S. Government. Medicare reimbursements are not included. **Supplemental security income (SSI)** is a nationwide U.S. assistance program administered by the Social Security Administration that guarantees a minimum level of income for needy, aged, blind, or disabled individuals. **Public assistance income** includes general assistance and temporary assistance for needy families (TANF). Separate payments received for hospital or other medical care (ven

dor payments) is excluded. This does not include SSI or noncash benefits such as food stamps. **Retirement pensions and survivor benefits** include benefits from a former employer, companies, labor union, or fed

eral, state, or local government, and the U.S. military. Also included are periodic receipts from annuities and insur

ance, and regular income from IRA and KEOGH plans. This does not include social security income. **Disability payments, workers’ compensation, veterans’ dis**

  ** ability, other disability** include payments from companies, unions, and the federal, state, or local government, such as payments from the Social Security Disability Insurance program. Workers’ compensation benefits are paid by state workers’ compensation programs, and veterans’ disability income is paid by the U.S. military. **Child support or alimony.** Child support is money received for the support of children not living with their father or mother as a result of a legal separation. Respondents are asked if they received in the past 12 months alimony or child support. They then report the amount. Alimony is

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-13 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## money received periodically from a former spouse after a divorce or legal separation. **All other income.** All other income includes unemployment compensation, Veterans Administration (VA) payments, royalties, contributions received periodically from people not living in the household, military family allotments, and other kinds of periodic income other than earnings. There may be significant differences in the income data between the AHS and other surveys and censuses. For example, the time period for income data in the AHS is the 12 months prior to the interview, while other income data generally refer to the calendar year prior to the date of the interview. Additional differences in the income data may be attributed to how income questions are asked, levels of missing data (usually high on questions about income), whether missing data are estimated or ignored, sampling variability, and nonsampling errors. See also the definition “Current income.”
Insurance. See the definition “Property insurance.”
Interest rate. See the definition “Current interest rate.” Items included in primary mortgage payment. The respondent was asked to indicate which items were included in the monthly mortgage payment besides prin

cipal and interest. These items include property taxes, property insurance, private mortgage insurance, and other charges. Other charges may include disability insurance or life insurance. Journey to work. **Publications.** Not available. **Microdata.** The publications report data on householders. The microdata have similar information on all workers. **Workers.** This includes all people 16 years and older who held a job in the United States any time the week before the interview. **Householders who worked last week.** This includes house

holders who reported having a job in the United States any time the week before the interview. **Principal means of transportation to work last week.** This refers to the principal mode of travel used to get from home to work. People who use different means of trans

portation on different days of the week were asked to specify the one used most often. People who used more than one means of transportation to get to work each day were asked to specify the one used for the longest distance during the trip to work. “Mass transportation” refers to bus, streetcar, subway, or trains. “Other means” includes ferryboats, air transport, or motorized carts. See also the definition “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services.” **Travel time from home to work.** This refers to the total elapsed time in minutes to usually get from home to work during the week prior to interview. The elapsed time includes time spent waiting for public transportation and picking up members of carpools. Respondents were instructed to report travel time to the nearest minute. **No fixed place of work.** Workers with no fixed place of work are those who did not usually work at the same location each day and do not usually report to a central location to begin work each day. **Distance from home to work.** This is the usual one-way, “door-to-door” distance in miles from home to work during the week prior to interview. Respondents were instructed to report travel to the nearest mile. **Departure time to work.** This refers to the time (hour and minutes) the respondent left for work. The categories begin with midnight and progress to 11:59 p.m. Kitchen. See the definition “Equipment.” Land contract. A land contract is an arrangement for the sale of real estate whereby the buyer may use, occupy, and enjoy land, but no deed is given by the seller (and no title passes) until all of the sale price has been paid. Land rent. In some parts of the country people own their homes, but rent the land on which their homes sit. Mobile homes, cooperatives, and condominiums are not asked if land rent is paid. Last used as a permanent residence. See the definition “Vacancy, seasonality.” Lenders of primary and secondary mortgages. This item is presented for units with two or more mortgages. The data are classified by whether the money was bor

rowed from a firm (bank or other organization), the seller of the property, or from another individual. Other organi

zations consist of mortgage corporations, pension plans, credit unions, and savings and loan associations. **Other individual(s)**  includes anyone who was not the most recent
owner. Line of credit. See the definition “Home-equity line-of-credit.” Line-of-credit amount used for home additions, improvements, or repairs. This is the percentage of the dollar amount of home-equity loans used for home addi

tions, improvements, or repairs. Line-of-credit interest rate, current. See the definition “Current line-of-credit interest rate.”

## A-14 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Line-of-credit monthly payment. This is the monthly payment on the line-of-credit paid to the bank at the pres

ent interest rate. Living quarters. See the definition “Housing units.” Lodgers. See the definitions “Household,” “Persons other than spouse or children,” and “Rent paid by lodgers.” Lot size. Lot size includes all connecting land that isowned or rented with the home. Excluded are two-or moreunit buildings and two-or-more-unit mobile homes. In the publication, median lot size is shown to hundredths of an
acre. Lower cost state and local mortgages. Data are shown for owner-occupied units with one or more mortgages. These are loans generally 1 percent to 3 percent below the current mortgage interest rate at the time the loan was made. The loans are managed through state or local governments. Excluded are federally funded programs of the Veterans Administration and RHS/RD, formerly Farmers Home Administration. Lump-sum loan. See the definition “Home-equity lumpsum loan.” Maintenance cost. See the definition “Maintenance in last year.” Maintenance in last year. Routine maintenance consists of regular maintenance activities necessary for the preven

tive care of the structure, property, and fixed equipment items. Included are such things as painting; papering; floor sanding; restoring of shingles; fixing water pipes; replac

ing parts of large equipment, such as a furnace; repair

ing fences, gutters, sidewalks, decks or patios; removing dangerous trees; or termite inspection. Housecleaning is not included. Routine maintenance does not include work reported under the section on replacements and altera

tions. Medians for routine maintenance are rounded to the nearest dollar. Major source of down payment. This item refers to the source of the cash used for down payment or outright purchase of the property (house or lot). If more than one source applied, the one providing the largest amount was recorded. **Sale of previous home** was reported only if the previous home was sold during the 12 months preceding the acqui

sition of the present home. **Savings, or cash on hand,** includes money drawn as bank deposits, credit unions, share accounts, saving bonds, certificates of deposits (CDs), money market funds, and IRA or KEOGH accounts. **Sale of other investment** includes the sale of other real property or real estate other than the previous home or from the sale of other investments such as stocks, munici

pal or corporate bonds, mutual funds, or dissolved busi

ness ventures. **Borrowing other than a mortgage on this property** is shown if the present owner borrowed the down payment, even if the property was mortgaged. **Money received as a gift** regardless of the source was cat

egorized inheritance or gift. **Land where building built used for financing** means the land on which the structure was built was used as the pres

ent owner’s equity in the property. Sources of down payment that do not fit any of the above categories were recorded in the **other** category. Manager. See the definition “Owner or manager on property.” Manufactured/mobile homes. A manufactured/mobile home is defined as a housing unit that was originally con

structed to be towed on its own chassis (also called HUD Code homes). It may be built in one or more sections. Since the sections are attached side-by-side at the home site, the final home comprises the number of sections referring to as house “wide.” A unit composed of two sections is adouble-wide; three sections is a triple-wide, etc. Singlewide units come from the factory as one section. It also may have permanent rooms attached at its present site or other structural modifications. The term does not include prefabricated buildings, modular homes, travel campers, boats, or self-propelled vehicles like motor homes. Some people use the terms trailer or manufactured housing in the same sense as mobile homes. Manufactured/mobile home set up. Manufactured/ mobile homes are placed on a permanent masonry founda

tion; rest on concrete pads; or are up on blocks, but not on concrete pads. Manufactured/mobile home tiedowns. Manufactured/ mobile home or trailer tiedowns are ground-anchor founda

tion systems that give physical stability to manufactured/ mobile homes. Manufactured/mobile homes in group. Manufactured/ mobile homes or mobile home sites gathered close together are considered to be in a “group.” This may be a mobile home park or it may be a number grouped together on adjacent individually owned lots not in a mobile home park. See also the definition “Site placement.” Means of sewage disposal. A **public sewer** is connected to a city, county, sanitary district, neighborhood, or sub

division sewer system, serving six or more units. A **septic tank**  or **cesspool** is an underground tank or pit used for disposal of sewage (serving five or fewer units). A **chemi**

  ** cal toilet,** which may be inside or outside the unit, uses

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-15 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## chemicals to break down or dissolve sewage. Housing units for which sewage is disposed of in some other way are included in the **Other** category. See also the definition “Sewage disposal breakdowns.” Medians. **Publications.** Median is the 50th percentile and is often the better measure of “typical” than is the mean or average. It is found by ordering all values in a data set from low

est to highest and then finding the value that lies in the exact middle. If there is an even number of cases, then the average of the two values in the middle is considered the median. In other words, 50 percent of the values in the data set are lower than the median and 50 percent are higher. All medians, except the median for “Year Structure Built” are calculated in this way. As “Year Structure Built” is categorical for years prior to 2000, we estimate the median from the distribution (an interpolated median). For example, if there are 10 million homes built, then the median is the 5 millionth, or halfway point of these homes. Therefore, if 5 million homes were built before between 1975 and 1979, then the median is the halfway point between 1975 and 1979. Similarly, if one-third of the homes were built between 1980 and 1984, then the median is one-third of the way between 1980 and 1984, which would be 1981. We do not show the median at all if the distribution is esti

mated to have fewer than 25 sample cases (50,000 homes in the national publications). **Microdata.** Not applicable; no medians are shown in the public use file. Median monthly housing costs for owners. **Publications.** In addition to the median for “Monthly hous

ing costs,” this item gives two additional medians for **owner-occupied units.** The first median includes mainte

nance costs in addition to those items included in “Monthly housing costs.” The second median excludes second and subsequent mortgages, installment loans or contracts, and maintenance costs, but includes all remaining items listed in “Monthly housing costs.” Because neither of these medians includes costs for renter-occupied units, they are not comparable to the median presented in “Monthly hous

ing costs,” except in the “Owner column” and the “Owneroccupied chapter.” **Microdata.** Not applicable. Metropolitan areas. Metropolitan areas are composed of whole counties (towns in New England) that have signifi

cant levels of commuting and contiguous urban areas in common. They may cross state lines, and usually include large amounts of rural land and farmland, provided the county or town as a whole qualifies. See also the definitions “Central cities,” “Place size,” and “Urban and rural residence,” which is based on much higher population density than metropolitan areas. **National publications and microdata.** Since 1985, the National AHS has used the official list of metropolitan areas published on June 27, 1983, by the Office of Management and Budget as OMB Bulletin 83–20. That list was developed from definitions published January 3, 1980, in the Federal Register, Volume 45, pages 956–963. AHS still uses these 1983 boundaries for data in the microdata files to measure change consistently over time. However, AHS uses the 1990 census-based geography for the data in the 2003 national publication and beyond. The definitions do not conform with our 2003 OMB definitions. National microdata identify parts of many metropolitan areas. The sample size is usually too small for analysis, but researchers may group the areas (by growth rate, turnover rate, or size for example) to have enough cases in each group to analyze. Metropolitan area codes are shown for (a) central cities of a metropolitan area where they had total 1980 population of 100,000 or more, and (b) urbanized suburbs of a metropolitan area where they had total 1980 population of 100,000 or more. In some areas, only central cities or only suburbs met the cutoff, so only those sample cases show metropolitan codes. Other sample cases show 9999 as their metropolitan code, which is a suppression for confidentiality that does not affect the printed publications. **Metropolitan publications and microdata.** Since 1995, the metropolitan AHS has used HUD definitions of metropoli

tan areas. These start from the definitions of the Office of Management and Budget, but some outlying areas are omit

ted from the HUD definitions. Those counties have enough commuting to meet the OMB definition, but HUD believes they are not part of the same housing market as the rest of the area and need to be omitted for housing analysis. The areas for a given year included in and excluded from each metropolitan area are listed in the front of the publications for that year. Monthly costs paid for electricity and piped gas. Three separate procedures are used to estimate monthly costs of electricity and piped gas. All respondents are asked if they have records available showing their costs for electricity (or piped gas) separate from other utilities. If they respond “yes,” they are asked the amount of their electric (or piped gas) bill for the most recent months of January, April, August, and December. These months are the best predictors of annual costs. On average, more than one-third of respondents provide answers for at least 1 of

## A-16 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## the 4 months. In some cases, respondents are also asked the amount of the most recent bill, the month that it cov

ered, and the average monthly cost. 1. If the respondent provides data for only 1 month, the

following procedure is used. The monthly data are adjusted using regression formulas to estimate yearly costs that are then divided by 12. These formulas are derived from the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. These formulas take into account the following char

acteristics of the unit: presence of both electricity and piped gas, the census division where it is located, elec

tric heat, electric water heating, natural gas heat, natural gas water heating, year built, type of unit, number of rooms, number of bathrooms, number of appliances, and number of household members. The usage of the detailed characteristics of the unit varies according to the number of months provided by the respondent. 2. If the respondent provides data for 2, 3, 4, or 5 months, the second procedure is used. As with the first proce

dure, the monthly data are adjusted using regression formulas, derived from the RECS data, to estimate yearly costs that are then divided by 12. Because more than 1 month’s worth of real costs are available, it is rarely nec

essary to take into account detailed characteristics of the unit as is done in procedure one. (In some cases where 2 months of data are provided, detailed characteristics of the unit are taken into account.) 3. If the respondent answers “no,” that he or she does

not have separate records for the electricity (or gas), the respondent is asked to provide an estimate of the average monthly costs. In this case, a procedure simi

lar to the first is used. As in the case where 1 month of billing data is provided, the reported monthly aver

age is adjusted using regression formulas derived from the RECS data, that take into account both the reported amount of electricity charges and detailed characteristics of the unit. Finally, a factor is applied to the electricity and gas costs to benchmark them to RECS averages. Monthly expenses, additional help with. **Publications.** Not applicable. **Microdata.** Additional questions are asked of renters when the ratio of monthly housing costs as percent of current income is high. Rental households receiving housing assis

tance that report spending more than 35 percent of their incomes on housing, or rental households not receiving housing assistance with incomes less than $15,000 that report spending more than 50 percent of their incomes on housing were asked whether they received outside help to meet monthly housing expense for food, clothing, car payments, public transportation, child care, medical care or medicine, and utility bills. They were asked to specify the type of help they received. Monthly housing costs. The data are presented for owner-occupied and renter-occupied housing units as well as vacant-for-rent units. Monthly housing costs for owner-occupied units include the sum of monthly payments for all mortgages or install

ment loans or contracts, except reverse annuity mortgages and home-equity lines of credit. Costs also include real estate taxes (including taxes on manufactured/mobile homes, and manufactured/mobile home sites if the site is owned), property insurance, homeowner association fees, cooperative or condominium fees, mobile home park fees, land rent, and utilities. Costs do not include maintenance and repairs, but see the definition “Median monthly hous

ing costs for owners.” Monthly housing costs for **renter-occupied** housing units include the contract rent, utilities, property insurance, and mobile home park fee. Renter housing units occupied with

out payment of cash rent are shown separately as “No cash rent.” For rental units subsidized by a housing authority, the federal government, or state or local governments, the monthly rental costs reflect only the portion paid by the household and not the portion subsidized. The figures do not adjust for lost security deposits or the benefit of free rent offered by some owners. Monthly housing costs for **vacant-for-rent** housing units include rent asked, but not utilities or other charges. The category, **Depends on income of the occupants,** means the rent charged will vary depending on the occupant’s income, such as in public housing or some military housing. The term **utilities** here include electricity, gas, fuels (oil, coal, kerosene, or wood), water, sewage disposal, garbage and trash collection, but not telephones or cable television. Utility costs are counted if they are paid by the occupant or by someone else, such as a relative, welfare agency, or friend. They may be paid separately or included in rent, condominium fee, or mobile home park fee. The AHS questions take care to avoid double counting. Monthly housing costs as percent of current income. **Publications.** The yearly housing costs (monthly hous

ing costs multiplied by 12) are expressed as a percentage of the total current income (see the definition “Current income”). The percentage was computed separately for each unit and rounded to the nearest percent, so **25 to 29 percent**  means 24.5 to 29.49 percent. The percentage was not computed for units where occupants reported no income, a net loss, or no cash rent. The category **100 percent or more**  counts units with housing costs exceed

ing income. This situation may mean inaccurate income or

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-17 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## housing costs data, or true but temporary situations. For most purposes, readers may wish to treat this line as miss

ing or unreliable data. **Microdata.** Not applicable; may be calculated as needed. Monthly payment for principal and interest. The data present the monthly dollar amount paid on the mortgage for principal and interest only. They do not include that portion of the monthly payment used for property taxes, homeowner’s insurance, and/or other charges. In the publi

cations, medians for monthly payment for principal and for interest are rounded to the nearest dollar. Mortgage origination. Data are shown for owner occu

pied units with one or more mortgages. **Placed new mortgages data** are classified by the date the new mortgage was obtained in relation to the date the property was acquired.
An **assumed** mortgage indicates that the current owner assumed the previous owner’s mortgage when the property was acquired and has not been refinanced.
A **wrap-around** mortgage is a mortgage with a face value that encompasses the unpaid balance of the first mortgage(s), plus the amount of any new funds extended by the wrap-around lender. **Combination of the above** means that there was more than one method of origination for the outstanding mortgages on the property. Mortgages. **Total amount of down payment.** All sources of money are considered when determining the total amount of the down payment on the property. The amount of the purchasing price can be reported in dollars or percent. Mortgages currently on property. **Publications.** The owner or the owner’s spouse was asked the number of mortgages or similar loans (including home equity loans) currently in effect on the home. Data are shown for the number of units with the following mortgage categories: **owned free and clear, reverse mortgages, regu**

  ** lar, and home equity.**
A **mortgage or similar debt** refers to all forms of debt for which the property is pledged as security for payment of the debt. It includes such debt instruments as deeds of trust, trust deeds, mortgage bonds, home-equity lines of credit, home-equity lump-sum loans, and vendors’ liens. In trust arrangements, usually a third party, known as the trustee, holds the title to the property until the debt is paid. In home-equity lines of credit, home-equity lump sum loans, and vendors’ lien arrangements, the title is kept by the buyer but the seller (vendor) reserves, in the deed to the buyer, a lien on the property to secure payment of the balance of the purchase price. Also included, as a **mortgage or similar debts are**contracts to purchase, land contracts, and lease-purchase agreements where the title to the property remains with the seller until the agreed upon payments have been made by the buyer. See also the definitions “Cash received in primary mort

gage refinance,” “Current interest rate,” “Current line-ofcredit interest rate,” “Items included in primary mortgage payment,” “Lenders of primary and secondary mortgage,” “Line-of-credit amount used for home additions, improve

ments, or repairs,” “Line-of-credit monthly payment,” “Lower cost state and local mortgages,” “Major source of down payment,” “Monthly payment for principal and inter

est,” “Percent of non refinanced primary mortgage, includ

ing home-equity lump-sum, used for home purchase and improvement,” “Percent of primary mortgage refinanced cash used for home additions, improvements, or repairs,” “Primary mortgage,” “Reason primary mortgage refi

nanced,” “Remaining years mortgaged,” “Term of primary mortgage at origination or assumption,” “Total home-equity line-of-credit limit,” “Total outstanding line-of-credit loans,” “Total outstanding principal amount,” “Type of primary mortgage,” and “Year primary mortgage originated.” **Microdata** . Not applicable.
Moves. See the definitions “Choice of present home and home search,” “Household moves and formation,” “Persons—previous residence,” “Present and previous units,” “Reasons for leaving previous unit,” “Recent mover comparison to previous home,” “Recent mover comparison to previous neighborhood,” “Structure type of previous resi

dence,” “Tenure of previous unit,” and “Year householder moved into unit.” Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood ser

vices. The statistics are based on the respondent’s opinion. He or she may define the neighborhood as any size. Some topics are collected by an open-ended question on what, if anything bothers the respondent about the neighborhood. Others come from questions about specific topics. **Street noise or heavy street traffic.** Street noise refers to noise in outdoor public areas made by children playing outdoors, noise from a factory or business, or any other sounds that the respondent considers street noise. Traffic refers to the amount of vehicular traffic that the respon

dent considers “heavy.” **Neighborhood crime.** This category refers to any serious crimes that occurred in the respondent’s neighborhood in the past 12 months. For example, burglary, robbery, theft, rape, or murder. **Odors.** This category refers to smoke, gas, or bad smells. These three specific questions are followed by

## A-18 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## an open-ended question about what (else) bothers the respondent. **People** includes such complaints as unfriendly neighbors, noisy children, other races, or specific neighbors. **Public transportation.** The respondent answers (1) if ser

vice is available; (2) if any member of the household uses the service for commuting to work or school, and (3) how many minutes does it take to get to the nearest bus stop, train station, or subway stop. **Shopping.** The respondent answers whether grocery stores or drug stores were satisfactory and were within 15 min

utes of the housing unit. **Police protection.** The respondent was asked if police pro

tection was satisfactory. **Elementary schools.** Respondents were asked (1) if young children in the household attended public school, private school, ungraded school, special schools, preschools, early learning centers, were schooled at home, or not in school; and (2) if the public elementary school for this address was satisfactory. If at least one child in the household is 13 or younger and there is a child in the household, the respon

dent was asked (1) how the public elementary school com

pares academically to other public elementary schools in the area; and (2) if that public elementary school is within one mile from their home. If the household was previously interviewed in prior enumeration and a child lives in the household, then respondents were asked to verify what was recorded previously that the public elementary school is within one mile of household, is correct. See also the definitions “Bars on windows of build

ings within 300 feet,” “Condition of streets within 300 feet,” “Description of area within 300 feet,” “Educational attainment,” “Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed,” “Overall opinion of neighborhood,” and “Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties within 300 feet.” Neighborhood crime. This category refers to any serious crimes that occurred in the respondent’s neighborhood in the past 12 months. For example, burglary, robbery, theft, rape, or murder. Neighborhood odors. This category refers to smoke, gas, fumes from motor vehicles, industrial, commercial operations, odors from sewers, septic tanks, aerial spray

ing, or bad smells the respondent finds bothersome in the neighborhood. Neighborhood shopping. Satisfactory neighbor

hood shopping could reflect the availability of goods offered, hours of service, prices, or the service available. Respondent are asked only about the quality of grocery stores and drug stores and if the stores are within 15 minutes of their home. A convenience store, such as a 7-Eleven, is not a grocery store. Shopping at other types of neighborhood businesses do not count as neighborhood shopping. Noise inside building. Respondents were asked (1) if they hear neighbors through floors, walls, or ceilings, (2) if the loudness of neighbor’s noise is bothersome, and (3) if the time of neighbor’s noise is bothersome. The question was only asked of respondents in one unit attached or 2 or more unit buildings. Noninterview. **Publications.** Not applicable. **Microdata.** Noninterview cases are classified as Type A, Type B, or Type C. Type A noninterviews are units occupied by people eligible for interview who were not interviewed. A noninterview means that valuable information was lost and the sample returns may not be representative of the population. It is very important to keep noninterviews to a minimum. Type A noninterview categories include (1) no one home, (2) temporarily absent, (3) refused, (4) unable to locate, (5) language problems, and (6) other occupied—specify. Type B noninterviews are units not eligible for interview at present, but which could become eligible for interviews in the future. Type B noninterview categories include (1) per

mit granted, construction not started, (2) under construc

tion, not ready, (3) permanent or temporary business or commercial storage, (4) unoccupied site for mobile home or tent, (5) other unit or converted to institutional unit, (6) occupancy prohibited, (7) interior exposed to the elements, and (8) Type B, not classified. Type C noninterviews are units ineligible for sample, either because they no longer exist or because of sampling rea

sons. Type C noninterview categories include: (1) demol

ished or disaster loss, (2) house or mobile home moved, (3) unit eliminated in structural conversion, (4) merged, not in current sample, (5) permit abandoned, (6) Type C not clas

sified elsewhere, and (7) unit eliminated in sub sampling. Number of regular mortgages and home-equity mortgages. See the definition “Mortgages currently on property.” Number of single children under 18 years old. See the definition “Household composition.” Occupied housing units. A housing unit is classified as occupied if there is at least one person who lives in the unit as a usual resident at the time of the interview, or if the occupants are only temporarily absent, for example, on vacation. However, if the unit is occupied entirely by people with a usual residence elsewhere, the unit is classi

fied as vacant. By definition, the count of occupied housing units is the same as the count of households.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-19 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Other activities on property. Data presented exclude rental units. Property consists of one or more tracts of land that the respondent considers the same property, farm, ranch, and estate. The tracts may be adjoining or they may be separated by a road, creek, or other piece of land. For a condominium, this item refers to the sample unit only. **Medical** includes a doctor or dentist’s office regularly vis

ited by patients. **Commercial establishment** includes establishments located in the same building as the sample unit or located else

where on the property (such as grocery store, restaurant, gasoline station, and veterinary office). Those housing units that have no recognizable alterations to the outside of the house are not considered as having a commercial establishment. A farm is not classified as a commercial establishment. Other bothersome neighborhood conditions. The respondent was asked if there were other conditions of the neighborhood that were bothersome, e.g., noise, litter, or housing deterioration, poor city/county services, undesir

able commercial, institutional, or industrial property, or people. The respondent is to describe the condition. Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed. The respondent was asked if there were any vandalized or abandoned buildings within 300 feet of the sample unit. A unit is counted as vandalized if it has most of the visible windows broken, doors missing, has been badly burned, has words or symbols printed on it, has portions of the roof missing, or in some other way has the interior exposed to weather. Other housing costs per month. A homeowner’s asso

ciation fee (excludes condominium and cooperative fees) is a fee charged for services such as upkeep of common property, including painting hallways, cleaning lobbies, mowing lawns, repairing laundry facilities, paving parking areas, and repairing street lights. The fee may include the use and maintenance of either indoor or outdoor swim

ming facilities or other recreational facilities (party rooms, tennis courts, basketball courts, exercise rooms, and playground areas). In addition, the homeowner association fee can include payments for security personnel such as security guards or services such as telephone answering service, maid service, or other domestic help. Mobile home park fees are regular payments to the park management that could include site rental, utility charges, mail handling, and/or fees for the maintenance of common areas. Aside from mobile homes (where site rent is covered in mobile home park fees), in a few areas of the country, occupants may own the unit, but not the land on which it stands. Land rent refers to land that is rented or leased from the land owner, and “ground rent” is paid. These leases are for long periods of time (50–100 years) when originated. The lease obligation transfers with the property and cannot be canceled. The medians for other housing costs are rounded to the nearest dollar. Overall opinion of neighborhood. The data presented are based on the respondent’s overall opinion of the neighborhood. The respondent defines neighborhood. The respondent was asked to rate the neighborhood based on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is the best and 1 is the worst. Overall opinion of structure. The data presented are based on the respondent’s overall opinion of the house or apartment as a place to live. The respondent was asked to rate the structure based on a scale from 1 to 10, where 10 is the best and 1 is the worst. Own never-married children under 18 years old. See the definition “Household composition.” Owner-occupied. See the definition “Tenure.” Owner or manager on property. For structures of two or more units, these statistics show the number of rental housing units with the owner or resident manager living on the property. Parking lots. Parking lots refer to a cleared level area intended for parking vehicles. There are public and private for pay parking lots. Payment plans of primary and secondary mortgages. Data are presented separately for primary and secondary mortgages. The term “payment” refers to regular principal and interest payments only, and not to payments for real estate taxes and property insurance. **Fixed payment, self-amortizing** mortgages have payments that do not change during the term of the loan, with the principal payments sufficient to pay off the loan completely within the stated term. **Adjustable rate mortgages** have interest rates that could be changed during the life of the mortgage, changing the amount of the payments required.
In **adjustable term mortgages** the amount of the payment stays constant, but the number of payments required to pay off the loan can change over time as interest rates change. **Graduated payment mortgages** allow monthly payments to change during the term of the mortgage by means other than a change in interest rate. These mortgages begin with lower payments that rise later in the life of the mortgage. **Balloon** mortgages are those in which only part or none of the principal is paid off during the term of the loan (which commonly is about 5 years). At the end of the term, the

## A-20 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## principal is paid off in one lump sum, refinanced with a new loan, or extended by renewal of the loan. Percent of nonrefinanced primary mortgage, includ

ing home-equity lump sum, used for home purchase and improvement. This question is asked of homeowners who have a primary mortgage that is not a refinance of a previous mortgage. These homeowners were asked what percentage of this loan was used for the purchase of the home or additions, improvements, or repairs to the home. Percent of primary mortgage refinanced cash used for home additions, improvements, or repairs. This question is asked of homeowners who reported “to receive cash” as a reason for the refinance of their mortgage. These homeowners were asked what percentage was used for additions, improvements, or repairs to the home.
Persons. See the definition “Household.” Persons other than spouse or children. **Publications.** Data are shown for households with the fol

lowing types of people: **Other relatives of householder.** This category counts house

holds that include any person related to the householder by blood, marriage, or adoption, except spouse, son, daughter, stepchild, or adopted child under 18 years old (regardless of marital status). **Single adult offspring 18 to 29.** This category counts households with at least one member aged 18–29, if he or she is not currently married (that is, they have never been married or are divorced, separated, or widowed), and is a son, daughter, stepchild, or adopted child of the house

holder. Note this category has the same marital status categories as **Single children under 18 years old,** but the same relationship to householder categories as **Own never married children.**  These are defined under “Household composition.” **Single adult offspring 30 years of age or over.** This cate

gory counts households with at least one member aged 30 or older, if he or she is not currently married (that is, never been married or are divorced, separated, or widowed), and is a son, daughter, stepchild, or adopted child of the householder. **Households with three generations.** For each person whose parent lives in the household, the parent (biological, adop

tive, or stepparent) is identified in the questionnaire. Each person who is a child or grandchild of the householder is also identified. These codes keep count of households where the following live in the unit: 1. One or more sons, daughters, stepchildren, or adopted

children of the householder or spouse (regardless of marital status or age), and one or more parents of the householder or spouse, or 2. One or more parents of the householder or spouse, and one or more parents of these parents, or 3. One or more sons, daughters, stepchildren, or adopted

children of the householder or spouse (regardless of marital status or age), and one or more of these chil

dren’s children (grandchildren of the householder or spouse, regardless of marital status or age). Note that the definition of children is different from thosein “Single children under 18 years old,” and “Own nevermarried children.” The first does not involve relationship to householder, and neither one involves marital status or age. Also note that if a household has more than three generations, it is still counted here. In addition to the three generations, there also may be other relatives in the household. **Subfamily.** A subfamily is one of the following groups that do not include the householder or spouse, but are related to the householder and live in the household: (1) a married couple (with or without children of any type), or (2) one parent with one or more of his or her own never-married children under 18 years old. A common example of a sub

family is a young married couple sharing the home of the husband or wife’s parents. **Subfamily householder.** For subfamilies that include a cou

ple, the husband is defined as the subfamily householder; for other subfamilies the parent is the householder. **Households with other types of relatives.** This category counts households with relatives of the householder, other than the spouse, children, three generations, or subfamilies already counted. Therefore, it includes relatives such as uncles, nieces, cousins, or grandchildren present withouttheir parents. A household already counted in the abovementioned categories may be counted again, as long as it has some additional relatives not counted above. **Nonrelatives.** A nonrelative of the householder is any per

son in the household who is not related to the householder by blood, marriage, or adoption. Roomers, boarders, lodgers, partners, resident employees, wards, and foster children are included in this category.
**Co-owners or co-renters.** This category includes households for which the names of two or more unrelated household members are on the deed of ownership, mortgage, land contract, contract to purchase or similar document, or lease; or, if there is no lease, two or more unrelated house

hold members are responsible for paying the rent. **Lodgers.** This category is restricted to members of the household who pay rent to another household member and are 16 years or older; nonrelatives of the householder; not sons, daughters, stepchildren, or adopted children of a co-owner or co-renter; and not co-owners or co-renters themselves. This item does not use the “lodger” answer

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-21 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## on relationship to the householder since it is less carefully defined than the question on lodgers rent. See also the definitions “Household” and “Rent paid by lodgers.” **Unrelated children, under 18 years old.** This category counts households with members under 18 years old who are unrelated to the householder and are not co-owners, co-renters, or lodgers, regardless of marital status. Thus, it includes foster children and children of lodgers and employees as long as they are under 18. **Other nonrelatives.** This category counts households with nonrelatives of the householder who are not co-owners, co-renters, lodgers, or under 18. For example, it includes employees and housemates who do not pay a regular rent as lodgers. It also may include households with nonrela

tives counted in the categories below. **One or more secondary families.** A secondary family is a group of two or more people who are related to each other by birth (Parent/child, child less than 18 years old), mar

riage, or adoption, but who are not related to the house

holder or co-owner or co-renter. The unrelated secondary family may include people such as guests, roomers, board

ers, or resident employees and their relatives living in a household. **Two- to eight-person households, none related to each other.**  None of the household members are related to any other household member. They may be co-owners, co-rent

ers, lodgers, partners, employees, or foster children. The publications make no distinction between housemates and unmarried partners. **Microdata.** Not applicable; may be calculated from house

hold relationships. See also the definition “Household composition.” Persons per room. **Publications.** Persons per room are computed for each occupied housing unit by dividing the number of people in the unit by the number of rooms in the unit. The figures shown refer, therefore, to the number of housing units hav

ing the specified ratio of people per room. **Microdata.** Not applicable; may be calculated from house

hold size and rooms. Persons per bedroom. Persons per bedroom are com

puted for each occupied housing unit by dividing the num

ber of people in the unit by the number of bedrooms in the unit. The figures shown refer, therefore, to the number of housing units having the specified ratio of people per bedroom. **Microdata.** Not applicable; may be calculated from house

hold size and bedrooms. Persons—previous residence. All people were counted who lived at the previous residence at the time of the move, as well as those who usually lived there but were temporarily away. Persons who were staying there at the time of move, but who had a usual residence elsewhere, were not counted. Physical problems—severe. A unit has **severe** physical problems if it has any of the following four problems: **Plumbing.** Lacking hot or cold piped water or a flush toilet, or lacking both bathtub and shower, all inside the structure (and for the exclusive use of the unit, unless there are two or more full bathrooms). **Heating.** Having been uncomfortably cold last winter for 24 hours or more because the heating equipment broke down, and it broke down at least three times last winter for at least 6 hours each time. **Electricity.** Having no electricity, or all of the following three electric problems: exposed wiring, a room with no working wall outlet, and three blown fuses or tripped circuit break

ers in the last 90 days. **Upkeep.** Having any five of the following six maintenance problems: (1) water leaks from the outside, such as from the roof, basement, windows, or doors; (2) leaks from inside structure, such as pipes or plumbing fixtures; (3) holes in the floors; (4) holes or open cracks in the walls or ceilings; (5) more than 8 by 11 inches of peeling paint or broken plaster; or (6) signs of rats in the last 90 days. Physical problems—moderate. A unit has **moderate** physical problems if it has any of the following four prob

lems, but none being severe: **Plumbing.** On at least three occasions during the last 3 months, all the flush toilets were broken down at the same time for 6 hours or more (see the definition “Flush toilet and flush toilet breakdowns”). **Heating.** Having unvented gas, oil, or kerosene heaters as the primary heating equipment. **Kitchen.** Lacking a kitchen sink, refrigerator, or cooking equipment (stove, burners, or microwave oven) inside the structure for the exclusive use of the unit. **Upkeep.** Having any three or four of the six problems listed under “Physical problems—severe” under **Upkeep.** See also the definitions “Bars on windows of buildings within 300 feet,” “Equipment,” “External building condi

tions,” “Heating equipment,” “Heating problems,” “Overall opinion of structure,” “Primary source of water,” “Selected deficiencies,” “Water leakage during last 12 months,” and “Water supply stoppage.”

## A-22 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Place. A concentration of populations, which may or may not have legally, prescribed limits, powers, or functions. This concentration of population must have a name, be locally recognized, and not be a part of any other state. Examples of nonplaces include the following: (1) popula

tions living in the open countryside, (2) the densely settled fringe of large cities that were built up, but not identified as places. For further explanation of the definition of place,
see **1994 Geographic Areas Reference Manual,** Chapter 9 available at <www.census.gov /geo/www/garm.html>. Place size. **National publications.** The geographic variable place size, as shown in national reports, shows the current count of housing units in places as defined in the 1990 census. **Microdata and metropolitan publications.** Not applicable. See also the definitions “Central cities,” “Place,” and “Urban and rural residence.” Plumbing facilities. The category “With all plumbing facilities” consists of housing units that have hot and cold piped water as well as a flush toilet and a bathtub or shower. For units with less than two full bathrooms, the facilities are only counted if they are for the exclusive use of the occupants of the unit. Plumbing facilities need not be in the same room. Lacking some plumbing facilities or having no plumbing facilities for exclusive use means that the housing unit does not have all three specified plumbing facilities (hot and cold piped water, flush toilet, and bath

tub or shower) inside the housing unit, or that the toilet or bathing facilities are also for the use of the occupants of other housing units. See also the definitions “Complete bathrooms,” “Flush toilet and flush toilet breakdowns,” “Means of sewage disposal,” and “Sewage disposal breakdowns.” Police protection. See the definition “Neighborhood con

ditions and neighborhood services.” Population in housing units. **Publications.** Included are all people living in housing units. Persons living in group quarters are excluded. **Microdata.** Not applicable; can be calculated by adding weight times household size, for all occupied units. Poverty status. The poverty data differ from official pov

erty estimates in two important respects: 1. Interest in housing affordability made it appropriate for

AHS to adopt a poverty definition based on household income. The official method is based on the income of families, and of individuals living without relatives. (Under the official approach, the poverty status of two unrelated individuals living together would be deter

mined by comparing the income of each individual to the one-person poverty threshold. The result might be that both were in poverty, both were out of poverty, or one was in poverty and one was not. In the AHS publications, their poverty status was determined by comparing their combined income to the two-person poverty threshold.) The effect of using household income is to count about 6 percent fewer people in poverty than the official esti

mate. See Technical Paper X, “Effect of Using a Poverty Definition Based on Household Income,” U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1976. 2. The official poverty estimates are based on the Annual

Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Income questions in that survey measure income received during the previous calendar year. Income questions in the AHS are measure income received during the 12 months just before the interview. Because interviews were conducted over several months, the AHS income measures do not pertain to a fixed period. The poverty thresholds are based on the Department of Agriculture’s 1961 Economy Food Plan and reflect different consumption requirements by number of adults and chil

dren. They consider only money income (see the definition “Income”), not assets or benefits in kind, such as housing subsidies. The poverty thresholds are updated every year to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The official thresholds are on the next page in Table A-1. Note that in the official poverty thresholds, elderly are expected to need less than nonelderly in the one- to two person groups. Note that an all-adult household is expected to need less than the same size household where one member is a child, but if additional members are chil

dren, costs go down again. These official poverty thresholds are different from the poverty guidelines published for program purposes by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on February 18, 2005, Federal Register, Volume 70, number 33, pages 8,373 to 8,375. (Guidelines are 13.1 percent higher in Hawaii, and 20.1 percent higher in Alaska than shown above.) The HUD “very low income limits” (the L50 series) for four person households are 50 percent of median family income for families in each metropolitan area or Nonmetropolitan County. The HUD income limits vary among areas, and the average national HUD income limits in 2009 are shown (local details are at <www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/il /il09/index.html>). The HUD adjustments for household size in the L50 series are roughly based on national average differences in hous

ing cost. The HUD limits have smaller adjustments than the official and HHS poverty thresholds, which are based on food cost. Housing cost does not vary as much as

## A A-23 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## food does between small and large households. Academic research suggests even the HUD adjustments may be too large; see van Praag, “The Relativity of the Welfare Concept,” in Nussbaum and Sen, **Quality of Life,** Oxford University Press, 1993, page 374, which suggests 6 per

cent adjustments per person instead of HUD’s 10 percent and 8 percent adjustments. **Microdata.** Not applicable; may be calculated by comparing current or past income to the thresholds. Present and previous units. The present unit is the one occupied by the householder or respondent at the time of the interview. The previous unit is the one from which the householder or respondent moved. If the householder or respondent moved more than once during the 12 months prior to the date of the interview, the previous unit is the one last moved from. Previous home owned or rented by someone who moved here. **Publications.** These data are shown for units where the householder moved within the United States during the past year. **Microdata.** Data are shown for units where anyone in the present household moved within the United States during the past year. Previous occupancy. The statistics presented are restricted to housing units built in 1990 or later. “Previously occupied” indicates that someone, or people not now in the household, occupied the housing unit prior to the householder or other related household members’ occupancy. “Not previously occupied” indicates that either the householder or some other current household member was the first occupant of the housing unit. Primary metropolitan statistical area (PMSA). A PMSA is one subcomponent of a CMSA. For example, Washington is one PMSA of the Washington-Baltimore CMSA. Primary mortgage. Detailed information on regular and lump-sum home-equity mortgages was collected in the AHS on the first three mortgages reported, even if the unit had four or more mortgages. If the owner(s) had both a regular and a lump-sum home-equity mortgage, priority was given to the regular mortgage(s) for collecting detailed information. On the basis of this information, one of the mortgages was considered to be primary. The definition of the primary mortgage may not agree with legal defini

tions of a “first mortgage,” which would be paid first after a foreclosure. If there is only one mortgage, it is primary. If two or more mortgages exist, the following hierarchy was used: (1) regular mortgage (as opposed to a lump-sum home-equity loan); (2) Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Veterans Administration (VA), or Rural Housing Service/Rural Development (RHS/RD) mortgage; (3) assumed mortgage; (4) mortgage obtained first; and (5) largest initial amount borrowed. Primary source of water. A **public system or private company**  refers to any source supplying running water to six or more housing units. The water may be supplied by a city, county, water district, or private water company, or it may be obtained from a well that supplies six or more housing units. An individual well that provides water for five or fewer housing units is further classified by whether it is drilled or dug. Water sources such as springs, cisterns, streams, lakes, or commercial bottled water are included in the other category. See also the definition “Water supply stoppage.”

American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 1 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table A-1. 

## Poverty Thresholds

Total persons HUD average limits (L50)

Oct. 2008 to Sept. 2009 HHS guidelines Mar. 2008 to Mar. 2009 Poverty thresholds, January 2009 to December 2009

Weighted

average Number of related children under 18 years

None 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 or more 1 person (unrelated

individual) . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,400 10,830 10,956 Under 65 years . . . . . . . 22,400 10,830 11,161 11,161 65 years and over . . . . . 22,400 10,830 10,289 10,289 2 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,600 14,570 13,991 Householder under 65

years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,600 14,570 14,439 14,366 14,787 Householder 65 years

and over. . . . . . . . . . . . 25,600 14,570 12,982 12,968 14,731 3 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,800 18,310 17,098 16,781 17,268 17,285 4 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,000 22,050 21,954 22,128 22,490 21,756 21,832 5 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,550 25,790 25,991 26,686 27,074 26,245 25,603 25,211 6 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,100 29,530 29,405 30,693 30,815 30,180 29,571 28,666 28,130 7 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,700 33,270 33,372 35,316 35,537 34,777 34,247 33,260 32,108 30,845 8 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,250 37,010 37,252 39,498 39,847 39,130 38,501 37,610 36,478 35,300 35,000 9 persons or more . . . . . . . (N/A) 40,750 44,366 47,514 47,744 47,109 46,576 45,701 44,497 43,408 43,138 41,476 (NA) Not available. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement; HUD, Federal Register, Volume 74, Number 14, January 23, 2009, pp. 4199–4201; HUD, FY 2009 Income Limits.

## A-24 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Principal. Principal is the amount of money raised by a mortgage or other loan, as distinct from the interest paid for its use. It is the amount of debt excluding interest. See the definition “Total outstanding principal amount.” Private mortgage insurance. Private mortgage insur

ance is insurance that a lender generally requires a home buyer to obtain if the down payment made by the home buyer is below a certain percentage (often 20 percent down payment for conventional loans). Problems. See the definitions “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services,” “Physical problems,” and “Poverty status.” Property insurance. This item refers to insurance on the structure and/or its contents (such as furniture, appli

ances, or clothing) and usually contains some liability insurance. Renters usually do not have property insurance, (renter’s property insurance) but, if they do have it, its cost is counted. The total cost is the most recent yearly cost for which the occupants have actually been billed. Yearly cost was divided by 12 before calculating a monthly median cost. Medians for property insurance are rounded to the nearest dollar. Public elementary school. See the definitions “Academic comparison to other area elementary schools,” “Educational attainment,” and “Neighborhood conditions and neighbor

hood services.” Public transportation. Public transportation includes public bus or subway, taxicabs, trains, ferryboats, or any type of transportation service that is available to the pub

lic. Also included are bus or van service provided by the management of a housing development for its residents. School buses are not included as public transportation. Purchase price. The purchase price refers to the price of the house or apartment and lot at the time the property was purchased. Closing costs are excluded from the pur

chase price, and for mobile homes the value of the land is excluded. In the publications, the median purchase price is rounded to the nearest dollar. Quality. See the definitions “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services,” “Physical problems,” “Selected amenities,” and “Selected deficiencies.” Questionnaire. The AHS questionnaire no longer exists in a printed version. In 1997, the survey converted to an electronic version conducted using laptop computers. The exact wording of the questions can be found in the 2009 Instrument Items Booklet <www.huduser.org/datasets /AHS/AHSdata09.html>. Race and Hispanic origin. In the publications, the clas

sification of “race” refers to the race of the householder occupying the housing unit. The concept of race as used by the Census Bureau does not denote a clear-cut scientific definition of biological stock. Race is determined by a ques

tion that asked for self-identification of a person’s race. Hispanic is considered an ethnic origin rather than a race and is tallied separately. Revisions to the OMB Statistical Policy Directive 15 desig

nate five races (White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander) and two ethnic origins (Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic or Latino). In 2003, the AHS adopted the new terminology and allowed for reports of more than one race. The question on race using the new terminology included a list of five race categories. Respondents answering “Some other race” had their answer changed (allocated) to one of the other five categories (or a combination of them). The five race categories include:

• White

• Black or African American

• American Indian and Alaska Native

• Asian

• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander People who responded to the question on race by indi

cating only one race are referred to as the race alone population, or the group who reported only one race. For example, respondents who marked only the White cat

egory would be included in the “White alone population.” Individuals who chose more than one of the six race cat

egories are referred to as the “Two or more races popula

tion,” or as the group who reported more than one race. For example, respondents who reported they were White and Black or African American, or White and American Indian, or Alaska Native and Asian would be included in the Two or more races category. Ratio of loan to value. See the definition “Current total loan as percent of value.” Ratio of value to current income. **Publications.** The ratio of value to current income is com

puted by dividing the value of the housing unit by the total current (family) income (see the definition “Current income”). The ratio is computed separately for each hous

ing unit and is rounded to the nearest tenth. For value and current income, the dollar amounts are used. Units occu

pied by individuals who reported no income or a net loss composes the category **zero or negative income.** Medians for the ratio of value to current income are rounded to the nearest tenth. **Microdata.** Not applicable; can be calculated from value and income.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-25 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Real estate taxes. This item includes special assess

ments, school taxes, county taxes, and any other real estate taxes. Excluded are payments on delinquent taxes due from prior years. Rebates are subtracted from the total. When the real estate taxes are included with the mortgage, a separate amount for the taxes is obtained. To determine average monthly cost, yearly cost was divided by 12. In the publications, medians for real estate taxes are rounded to the nearest dollar. Reason primary mortgage refinanced. If the current primary mortgage was a regular mortgage (not a lump sum home-equity loan) and was not an assumed or wraparound mortgage, the respondent was asked if it was a refinancing of a previous mortgage and the reason for the refinancing. Reasons for leaving previous unit. These data are shown for units where the respondent moved during the 12 months before the interview. The distribution may not add to the total because the respondent was not limited to
one reason. **Private displacement** includes situations in which a private company or person wanted to use the housing unit for some other purpose; for example, to develop the land or build commercially, to occupy the unit, to convert the unit to a condominium or cooperative, or to make repairs and renovate the unit. **Government displacement** means the respondent was forced to leave by the government (local, state, or federal) because it wanted to use the land for other purposes, for example, to build a road or highway, for urban renewal or other public activity, because the building was condemned, or some other reason. **Disaster loss** includes damage by a tornado, storm, flood, earthquake, fire, landslide, or other similar occurrences. **New job or job transfer** indicates that the respondent moved to begin a new job or was transferred from the pre

vious location to the present location. **To be closer to work/school/other** means that the respon

dent moved because commuting was too far and respon

dent wanted to live closer to work, school, or some other commuting purpose. **Other, financial/employment related** refers to financial or employment related reasons, such as wanting to look for a new or different job because the person entered or left the U.S. Armed Forces, retired, or some other financial/employ

ment reason. **To establish own household** means that the respondent left a previous residence, such as parent’s home, rooming or boarding house, or shared apartment, to establish their own household. **Needed larger house or apartment** refers to moves that were necessary because of crowding or for aesthetic
reasons. **Married, widowed, divorced, or separated** is marked if the respondent moved because of marital reasons. **Other, family/personal related** indicates that the respon

dent moved because of family or personal reasons such as wanting to live closer to relatives. **Wanted better home** was marked if the respondent moved because the previous residence was too old, run-down, in need of too many repairs, or if there was nothing wrong with the previous home, the respondent simply wanted to move to a better one. **Change from owner to renter,** or change from renter to owner indicates a change in tenure. **Wanted lower rent or less expensive maintenance** indicates that the respondent moved because the rent (or mortgage) payments were too high at the previous residence or that the taxes or upkeep was too high. **Other housing related reasons** include such reasons as respondent wanted larger yard, different zoning, or wanted a better investment. **Evicted from residence** occurs due to nonpayment of rent or objectionable behavior by the renters. **Other** includes examples such as respondent wanted a change in climate, neighborhood crime problem, and racial or ethnic composition of neighborhood. See also the definitions “Choice of present home and home search” and “Choice of present neighborhood and neigh

borhood search.” **Microdata.** These data are shown for units in which the respondent moved during the 24 months before the interview.
Recent movers. Data for recent movers who moved in the 12 months prior to interview are shown for two categories of movers: (1) units where the householder moved into the present unit during the 12 months prior to the interview (shown as a column in most tables, and in Table 10 of each chapter), and (2) units where the respondent moved into the present housing unit during the 12 months prior to the interview (Table 11 of chapters 2 through 4). In most cases, the two groups represent the same households. Microdata also show moves of other household members during the 24 months prior to the interview. Recent mover comparison to previous home. This item is based on the respondent’s comparison between the present unit and previous unit as to which was better.

## A-26 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Recent mover comparison to previous neighbor

hood. This item is based on the respondent’s comparison between the present neighborhood and the previous neigh

borhood as to which was better. The definition of neighbor

hood is whatever the respondent considers it to be. Regions. States and the District of Columbia contained in each region are as follows: **Northeast.** Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. **Midwest.** Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. **South.** Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.
**West.** Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, California, and Hawaii. Remaining years mortgaged. The owner or owner’s spouse was asked the length of time it would take to pay off the loan at the current payments. The response reflects the amortization schedule. For example, in many balloon mortgages the initial monthly payments are calculated to pay off the loan in 30 years, though the mortgage is due in 5 years, and the 60th payment is very large. Such a mort

gage would count here as 30 years, not 5 years, minus whatever number of years have passed. In the publications, medians for remaining years mortgaged are rounded to the nearest year. Remodeling. See the definition “Additions, alterations, remodeling, repairs, and replacements.”
Rent. See the definition “Monthly housing costs.” Rent paid by lodgers. This item refers to regular, fixed rent: a set amount of money, billed or charged, which is paid at regular intervals by a lodger (usually weekly or monthly) to a member of the household. This category is restricted to lodgers who are 16 years and older, nonrela

tives of the householder, and people who are not spouses of a co-owner or co-renter, not children of a co-owner or co-renter, and not co-owners or co-renters themselves. Medians for rent paid by lodgers are rounded to the near

est dollar. Rent reductions. **Rent control** means that increases in rent are limited by estate or local law. The jurisdiction, state, or local agency, mandates that rent increases may not exceed some level, or must be approved by the government. This category does not include limits that HUD puts on all rental projects insured by the Federal Housing Administration. **Owned by a public housing authority** means the unit is owned by any local or state government agency, and oper

ated as public housing. These organizations may receive subsidies from the federal or state government, but the local agency owns the property. **Government subsidy** means the household pays a lower rent because a federal, state, or local government program pays part of the cost of construction, mortgage, or operat

ing expenses. These programs include rental assistance programs where part of the rent for low-income families is paid by HUD, and direct loan programs of HUD and the Department of Agriculture for reduced cost housing. Units requiring income verification are usually subsidized. Many households in these programs apply through the public housing authority and misreport themselves in public housing. Others do not think of their units as subsidized and misreport themselves as unsubsidized. Subsidies for homeowners, including HUD subsidies for cooperatives, are not counted, since the questions are asked only of renters. **Other income verification** means that the occupants are asked questions about their income when their lease is up for renewal, but they were unable to identify what type of rent reduction they received, if any. Rental vacancy rate. See the definition “Vacancy, seasonality.” Renter-occupied. See the definition “Tenure.” Renter maintenance quality. Renters were asked their opinions of owner’s response time and if owners were polite and considerate for maintenance and repairs of major and minor problems. The definition of a major or minor problem was left up to the discretion of the respon

dent. Satisfaction was measured by the following choices: “usually,” “not usually,” “very mixed,” “haven’t needed any,” and “landlord not responsible for maintenance.” When problems occurred, renters were asked if problems were solved quickly once repairs started. Renter’s property insurance. Renter’s property insur

ance or renter’s coverage policy covers those aspects of the apartment and its contents not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex. This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries for guests as well as passers-by up to 150’ of the domicile. Common coverage areas are events such as lightning, riot, aircraft, explosion, vandalism, smoke, theft, windstorm or hail, falling objects, volcanic eruption, snow, sleet, and weight of ice. Repairs and replacements. See the definition “Additions, alterations, remodeling, repairs, and replacements.”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-27 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Respondent. Any knowledgeable adult household mem

ber 16 years of age or older is technically eligible to act as the respondent. That is, the one who is the most knowl

edgeable household member who appears to know—or might reasonably be expected to know—the answers to all or the majority of the questions. Reverse annuity mortgages. These were defined to the respondent as “reverse annuity mortgage or home-equity conversion mortgage.” These mortgages involve borrow

ing against home equity for retirement or income and sometimes do not need to be repaid until after the owner’s death.
Rooms. Rooms counted include whole rooms used for living purposes, such as bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, recreation rooms, permanently enclosed porches that are suitable for year-round use, lodger’s rooms, and other finished rooms. Also included are rooms used for offices by a person living in the unit. A dining room, to be counted, must be a separate room. It must be separated from adjoining rooms by built-in archways or walls that extend at least 6 inches from an intersecting wall. Half walls or bookcases count if built-in. Movable or collapsible partitions or partitions consisting solely of shelves or cabinets are not considered built-in walls. Bathrooms, laundry rooms, utility rooms, walk-in closets, pantries, and unfinished rooms are not counted as rooms. Rooms used for business. A room used for business is set up for use as an office or business for a business owner, contract worker, self-employed person, commer

cial use (such as daycare or catering), or regular job. The question asked if rooms were exclusively used for busi

ness space. Follow-up questions asked if there were direct access to the outside without going through any other room and whether the space was used both as business space and for personal use. See also the definition “Other activities on property.” Rural. See the definition “Urban and rural residence.” Safety equipment. Safety equipment installed inside the home includes: (1) a working smoke detector powered by electricity, batteries, or both (respondent is asked if the batteries in the smoke detector have been replaced in the last 6 months); (2) fire extinguishers purchased or recharged in the last 2 years; (3) sprinkler systems; and (4) working carbon monoxide detectors. Safety of primary source of water. Water was consid

ered safe (consumable or potable) if the main water source was used or could be used for drinking. The respondent was not asked what source was used by the household for drinking, but whether or not the main water source was safe for cooking and drinking. This item excludes units where the primary source of household water was commer

cial bottled water. Sample size. The sample size is the unweighted count of the actual sample cases. See Appendix B for an explanation of sample design. Schools. See the definitions “Academic comparison to other area elementary schools,” “Educational attainment,” “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services,” and “Public elementary school.” Seasonal units. See the definition “Vacancy, seasonality.” Secured communities. These types of communities are typically residential communities in which public access by nonresidents is restricted, usually by physical boundaries, such as gates, walls, and fences, or through private secu

rity. These communities sometimes require a special entry system, such as entry codes, key cards, or security guard approval. A public access restriction refers to the commu

nity, not a building or units. These communities exist in amyriad of locations and development types, including highrise apartment complexes, retirement developments, and resort and country club communities. Secured multiunits. Secured multiunits refer to one or more multiunit buildings that require some sort of special entry procedure, such as entry codes, key cards, or secu

rity guard approval for access. This also includes intercom systems where the occupants can identify and buzz-in visitors. Selected amenities. **Porch, deck, balcony, or patio** is counted if it is attached to the sample unit, not just to the building, or free stand

ing. Porches may be enclosed or open. The porch, deck, balcony, or patio is only counted if it is at least 4 feet by 4 feet. **Usable fireplace** excludes the following: fireplaces that have been blocked off or whose chimney or flue has been filled, decorative or artificial fireplaces and wood stoves, even if shaped like a fireplace. Freestanding fireplaces are included in this item. **Separate dining room** is an area separated from adjoining rooms by archways or walls that extend at least 6 inches from an intersecting wall. See the definition “Rooms.” **Living rooms, recreation rooms, etc.,** includes family rooms, dens, recreation rooms, and/or libraries. **Garage or carport** is only counted if it is on the same prop

erty, though not necessarily attached to the house. **Off-street parking** includes driveway or parking lot privi

leges that are paid for as part of the rent or owned with the unit. Data on garage or carport are not collected for occasional-use vacant units and other vacant units.

## A-28 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## See also the definition “Overall opinion of structure.” Selected deficiencies. **Signs of mice or rats** refer to respondents who reported seeing mice or rats or signs of mice or rats inside the house or building during the 3 months prior to interview or while the household was living in the unit if less than 3 months. Signs of mice or rats include droppings, holes in the wall, or ripped or torn food containers. **Holes in floors** are in the interior floors of the unit. The holes may or may not go all the way through to a lower floor or to the exterior of the unit. The holes are only counted if large enough for someone to trip in. **Open cracks or holes (interior)** are in the walls or ceil

ings of the housing unit. Included are cracks or holes that do not go all the way through to the next room or to the exterior of the housing unit. Hairline cracks or cracks that appear in the walls or ceilings, but are not large enough to insert the edge of a dime, are not counted. Very small holes caused by nails or other similar objects are also not counted. **Broken plaster or peeling paint (interior)** are on the inside walls or ceilings, and at least one area of broken plaster or peeling paint must be larger than 8 inches by 11 inches. **Exposed wiring** is any wiring that is not enclosed, either in the walls or in metal or plastic coverings. Excluded are appliance cords, extension cords, chandelier cords, and telephone, antenna, or cable television wires. **Rooms without electric wall outlets** are rooms without at least one working electric wall outlet. A working electric wall outlet is one that is in operating condition; that is, it can be used when needed. If a room does not have an elec

tric wall outlet, an extension cord used in place of a wall outlet is not considered to be an electric wall outlet. Selected physical problems. See the defini

tions “Physical problems—moderate” and “Physical problems—severe.” Senior citizen communities. These communities are agerestricted, meaning that at least one member of the family must be at least 55 years old or older. Communities that are age specific means that although not required, commu

nities attract people in the 55 or older age group. Sewage disposal, means of. See the definition “Means of sewage disposal.” Sewage disposal breakdowns. Sewage disposal break

downs are limited to housing units in which the means of sewage disposal was a public sewer, septic tank, or cess

pool. Breakdowns refer to situations in which the system was completely unusable. Examples include septic tank being pumped because it no longer perked, tank collapsed, tank exploded, sewer main broken, sewer treatment plant not operating as a result of electrical failure, or water ser

vice interruption. Data on breakdowns are shown if they occurred in the 3 months prior to the interview or while the household was living in the unit, if less than 3 months; and if the break

down lasted 6 consecutive hours or more. Housing units with a breakdown in sewage disposal also are classified according to the number of breakdowns. See also the definition “Means of sewage disposal.” Shared ownership. See the definitions “Cost and owner

ship sharing” and “Time sharing.” Single children, under 18 years old. See the definition “Household composition.” Site placement. This item is collected for manufactured/ mobile homes. “Site” refers to location (other than the manufacturer’s or dealer’s lot) and not necessarily a manu

factured/mobile home park site. The manufactured/mobile home does not have to be occupied at each site, as long as it is set up for occupancy. Smoke detector. See the definition “Safety equipment.” Source of drinking water. These statistics are restricted to units where the respondent answered that the primary source of drinking water was not safe to drink. Units where the primary source of water is commercial bottled water are excluded. See also the definition “Primary source of water.” Special or assisted living. Special living refers to ser

vices that management of multiunit complexes with 5 or more units in a building provides for residents where at least one household member is aged 55 or older. The ques

tions determine whether the management offers the follow

ing services to residents: meals, transportation, housekeep

ing, managing finances, aid with phone use, and shopping. If the resident said yes to any of the above services, then questions are asked if the management offers assistance with personal care, such as bathing, eating, moving about, dressing, and toilet use. Specified owner and renter. See the definition “Monthly housing costs.” Square feet per person. **Publications.** Square feet per person are computed for each single-family, detached housing unit and mobile home by dividing the square footage of the unit by the number of people in the unit. The figures refer to the number of housing units having the specified square feet per person. Median square footage is rounded to the nearest foot.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-29 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Microdata. Not applicable; may be calculated from house

hold size and square footage. Square footage of unit. Housing size is shown for singlefamily, detached housing units and manufactured/mobile homes. Excluded from the calculation of square footage are unfinished attics, carports, attached garages, porches that are not protected from weather (such as screened porches), and mobile home hitches. Both finished and unfinished basements are included. Median square footage is rounded to the nearest foot. Square footage is based on the respon

dent’s estimate of the size of the unit. Stories between main and apartment entrances. Data are presented for multiunit structures with two or more floors and are concerned with the number of floors from the main-entrance level of the building to the main entrance of the unit. “Same floor” indicates that the main entrance of the sample unit is on the same level as the main entrance that residents use to enter the building. Stories in structure. The statistics are presented for all housing units, except for manufactured/mobile homes. Any basement is included, whether finished or not. Finished attics also are included; unfinished attics are not. For split levels and bi-levels, the number of stories is deter

mined by the highest number of floors that are physically over each other. When respondents are asked how many stories are in the tallest building within a half block of their home/building, their answer is placed into 1 of 3 catego

ries—7 or more; 6 to 4; or 3 or less. Street noise or heavy street traffic. See the definition “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services.” Structure type of previous residence. These data are shown for householders who moved within the United States during the previous 12 months. They are based on the respondent’s classification. Subsidies. See the definition “Rent reductions.” Suburbs. Suburbs are defined in the AHS as the portion of each metropolitan area that is not in any central city. See also the definitions “Central cities” and “Metropolitan areas.” Suitability for year-round use. See the definition “Vacancy, seasonality.”
Taxes. See the definitions “Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value” and “Real estate taxes.”
Tenure. A housing unit is owner occupied (including a cooperative or condominium unit) if someone whose name is on the deed, mortgage, or contract to purchase lives in the unit. Units where the elderly buy a unit to live in for the remainder of their lives, after which it reverts to the seller, are considered owner occupied. All other occupied housing units are classified as renter occupied units, including units rented for cash, if occu

pants or others pay some rent, and/or occupied without payment of cash rent, such as a life tenancy or a unit that comes free with a job. Households who do not pay cash rent may still pay utilities. Tenure of previous unit. These data are shown for householders who moved within the United States during the 12 months prior to the interview. The previous unit was owner occupied if the owner or co-owner lived in the unit. All other previous units were renter occupied. Term of primary mortgage at origination or assump

tion. The term is the number of years from the date the present owner-occupants first obtained the present mortgage to the date the last payment is due according to the terms of the contract. On a balloon mortgage this term may be short and the last payment very large. In the publications, medians for term of primary mortgage are rounded to the nearest year. Time sharing. See the definition “Vacancy, seasonality.” Total home-equity line-of-credit limit. Total home equity line-of-credit limit is a mortgage loan that is usually in a subordinate position and allows the property owner to obtain multiple advances of the loan proceeds at the bor

rower’s discretion, up to an amount that represents a speci

fied percentage of the borrower’s equity in a property. This line-of-credit allows the property owner to borrow against the equity in the home from time to time without reapply

ing for a loan. Total outstanding line-of-credit loans. The total out

standing line-of-credit loan is the current balance on the home-equity line-of-credit. The current balance is usually reported on the monthly or quarterly statement. Total outstanding principal amount. **Publications.** The statistics represent the total amount of principal that would have to be paid if the loans were paid off in full on the date of interview. The formula used to cal

culate the outstanding principal amount does not take into account the fact that some households make additional principal payments. The resulting data, therefore, may be an overestimate of the total outstanding principal. In the publications, medians for outstanding principal amount are rounded to the nearest dollar. The data include all regularmortgages and lump-sum home-equity, but exclude line-ofcredit home-equity loans. **Microdata.** Not applicable.

## A-30 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties within 300 feet. The respondent was asked if there was trash, litter, or junk in the streets, roads, empty lots, or on any properties within a half block of the building. For this survey a half block is about 300 feet in length. Major accu

mulation includes tires, appliances, or large amounts of trash accumulated over a period of time. Minor accumula

tion includes small amounts of paper, cans, or bottles that do not give the impression of long neglect. The property on which the sample unit is located is included. Trucks. See the definition “Cars and trucks available.” Type of primary mortgage. The federal government agencies that currently insure or guarantee mortgages or similar debts include the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and Rural Housing Service/Rural Development (RHS/RD). Mortgage insurance is a promise to pay the lender’s losses in case the borrower fails to keep up the required mortgage pay

ments and defaults on the loan. Such insurance protection is offered by the government, acting as an insurance agent, and by private mortgage insurance companies. Mortgage loans that are not insured or guaranteed by these govern

ment agencies are referred to as “conventional” mortgages. Conventional mortgages, including mortgages insured or guaranteed by state or local governments, are shown as “Other types.” Types of mortgages. See the definition “Mortgages cur

rently on property.” Units. See the definitions “Housing units,” “Occupied hous

ing units,” and “Vacancy, seasonality.” Units in structure. In determining the number of hous

ing units in a structure, all units, occupied and vacant, are counted. The statistics are presented for the number of housing units, not the number of residential structures. A structure either has open space on all sides or is separated from other structures by dividing walls that extend from ground to roof. Structures containing only one housing unit are further classified as: detached, if it has open space on all four sides; or attached, if it has unbroken walls extending from ground to roof that divide it from other adjoining struc

tures, as in many row houses or townhouses. If a unit shares a furnace or boiler with adjoining units, then the walls are pierced by pipes or ducts, and all the units thus joined are included in one structure. Manufactured/mobile homes are shown as a separate cat

egory (see the definition “Manufactured/mobile homes”). Urban and rural residence. As defined for the 1980 and 1990 censuses, urban housing comprises all hous

ing units (a) in urbanized areas and (b) in places (see the definition “Place size”) of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas, but excluding housing units in the rural portions of extended cities. Housing units not classified as urban are rural housing. More information on urbanized areas and the histori

cal development of the urban-rural definition appears at <www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/urbanruralclass.html>. Usual residence elsewhere (URE). See the definition “Vacancy, seasonality.” Utilities. See the definition “Monthly costs paid for elec

tricity and piped gas.” Vacancy, seasonality. A housing unit is vacant if no one is living in it at the time of the interview, unless its occupants are only temporarily absent. In addition, hous

ing units where all the occupants have a usual residence elsewhere are grouped with vacant units. **Year-round housing units.** This includes all units occupied as a usual residence, regardless of design, and all vacant units that are intended by the owner for occupancy at all times of the year. For example, if a unit in a resort area is intended for occupancy in all seasons, it is a year-round unit.
**For rent.** Owners of some units offer them for rent. Other owners solicit offers either for rent or for sale. When separate categories for these are not shown, they are both included in for rent, as in the rental vacancy rate. **Rental vacancy rate.** The rental vacancy rate is the number of vacant year-round units for rent as a percent of the total rental inventory; i.e., all renter-occupied housing units and all year-round vacant housing units for rent or rented, not occupied. **For sale only.** Units “for sale only” are offered for sale and the owner does not solicit renter-occupants, even though the owner might eventually rent the unit. **Rented or sold.** If any money rent has been paid or agreed upon, but the new renter has not moved in as of the date of the interview, or if the unit has recently been sold, but the new owner has not yet moved in, the unit is classified as rented or sold. **Occasional use.** These are units held for weekend or other occasional use throughout the year. Second homes may be classified here or as seasonal.
**URE.** These are temporarily occupied by people with a Usual Residence Elsewhere. If all people in a housing unit usually live elsewhere, the unit is classified as vacant. For example, a beach cottage occupied at the time of the inter

view by a family who has a usual residence in the city is included in the count of vacant units. The home in the city or the home of a comparable vacationing family also could be in the AHS sample and would be reported as occupied,

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix A A-31 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## since the occupants are only temporarily absent. URE units also may be classified in any of the vacancy categories: seasonal or for sale. **Other vacant.** This category includes units held for settle

ment of an estate, units held for occupancy by a caretaker or janitor, and units held for personal reasons of the owner. **Seasonal units.** These are intended by the owner to be occupied during only certain seasons of the year. They are not anyone’s usual residence. A seasonal unit may be used in more than one season, for example, for both summer and winter sports. Published counts of seasonal units also include housing units held for occupancy by migratory farm workers. While not currently intended for year-round use, most seasonal units could be used year-round; see the next definition. **Suitability for year-round use.** For vacant housing units that are not intended by their current owners for year round use (seasonal and migratory), the respondent was asked whether the construction and heating of the housing unit made it suitable for the unit to be occupied on a year-round basis. A housing unit is suitable for year-round use if it is built as a permanent structure, properly equipped, insu

lated, and heated as necessitated by the climate. **Time sharing.** This item is restricted to vacant housing units, including units temporarily occupied by people who have usual residences elsewhere. Time sharing is a form of ownership in which a single property is owned by multiple owners. Each is entitled to occupy the unit for a limited period of time. The number of years of ownership may vary depending on the terms of the contract. Participants in time-sharing ownership usually, but not always, receive a deed of ownership. **Duration of vacancy.** This refers to the length of time (in months) from the date the last occupants moved from the housing unit to the date of the interview. The data, there

fore, do not provide a direct measure of the total length of time that units remain vacant. For newly constructed units that have never been occupied, the duration of vacancy is counted from the date construction was completed. For recently converted or merged units, the time is reported from the date that conversion or merger was completed. **Last used as a permanent residence.** The statistics refer to the length of time (in months) since units that are currently seasonal vacant were last used as a permanent residence, and are measured as of the date of interview. Units that have always been used for short-term or seasonal occu

pancy are classified as “Never occupied as permanent home.” Value. Value is the respondent’s estimate of how much the property (house and lot) would sell for if it were for sale. Any nonresidential portions of the property, any rental units, and land cost of mobile homes, are excluded from the value. For vacant units, value represents the sales price asked for the property at the time of the interview, and may differ from the price at which the property is sold. In the publications, medians for value are rounded to the nearest dollar. See also the definition “Ratio of value to current income.”
Water. See the definitions “Plumbing facilities,” “Primary source of water,” “Safety of primary source of water,” “Source of drinking water,” and “Water supply stoppage.” Water leakage during last 12 months. Data on water leakage are shown if the leakage occurred in the 12 months prior to the interview or while the household was living in the unit if less than 12 months. Housing units with water leakage are classified by whether the water leaked in from outside the building, and by the most common areas (roof, basement, walls, closed windows, or doors); or inside the building and the reasons of water leakage (fix

tures backed up or overflowed or pipes leaked). Water supply stoppage. Water supply stoppage means that the housing unit was completely without running water from its regular source. Completely without running water means that the water system servicing the unit sup

plied no water at all; that is, no equipment or facility using running water (in kitchen and bathroom sinks, shower, bathtub, flush toilet, dishwasher, and other similar items) had water supplied to it, or all were inoperable. The reason could vary from a stoppage because of a flood or storm, to a broken pipe, to a shutdown of the water system, to a failure to pay the bill, or other reasons. Data on water supply stoppage are shown if they occurred in the 3 months prior to the interview, or while the house

hold was living in the unit if less than 3 months, and if the breakdown or failure lasted 6 consecutive hours or more. Housing units with water supply stoppage also are classified according to the number of times the stoppages occurred. See also the definition “Primary source of water.” Work. See the definitions “Income” and “Journey to work.” Worked at home last week. This question determines who is working out of the office. This can include telecom

muters (a company employee who works from home full or part-time during normal business hours), real estate sales

person, and any person who works at home on a regular job. Worked at home last week for householder. This question determines who in the household worked for the householder last week. The person need not be related to the householder. The time worked may have been part time, even 1 or 2 hours last week. It includes baby-sitting for pay, helping in a family store or family farm, and similar work. Excluded is the person’s own housework or odd

## A-32 Appendix A American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## jobs around the house (painting the porch, cutting grass, etc.); unpaid baby-sitting for family, relatives, or friends; and unpaid volunteer work for a church, etc. Work done by residents of an institution is not considered work for the purpose of this survey. The time period covered is the full calendar week, from Sunday through Saturday, preceding the date the interview is completed. Year householder immigrated to the United States. See the definition “Citizenship.” Year householder moved into unit. The data are based on the information reported for the householder and refer to the year of latest move. Thus, if the householder moved back into a housing unit previously occupied, the year of the latest move was to be reported. If the householder moved from one apartment to another in the same build

ing, the year the householder moved into the present unit was to be reported. The intent is to establish the year that present occupancy by the householder began. The year the householder moves is not necessarily the same year other members of the household move; although, in the great majority of cases the entire household moves at the same time. In the publications, the median year householder moved into unit is rounded to the nearest year. See also the definition “Year structure built.” Year primary mortgage originated. The year the pri

mary mortgage was originated is the year the mortgage was signed (see the definition “Primary mortgage”). In the publications, medians for year primary mortgage origi

nated are rounded to the nearest year. Year structure built. Year structure built represents the respondent’s estimate of when the building was first constructed, not when it was remodeled, added to, or converted. The figures refer to the number of housing units in structures built during the specified periods and in existence at the time of the interview. For manufactured/ mobile homes, the manufacturer’s model year was assumed to be the year built. For manufactured/mobile homes, the year the householder moved in can be earlier than the year the structure was built because the manufactured/mobile home site, not the manufactured/mobile home itself, is in sample. The householder could have replaced an older manufactured/mobile home with a newer model. In the publications, median year built is rounded to the nearest year. Also, the median is estimated from the printed distribution (i.e., an interpolated median) because year built is collected as a range of values. Year unit acquired. The year the unit was acquired or inherited refers to the year in which the present owner acquired or inherited the house or apartment; for example, the year the contract was signed. This date may be dif

ferent from the date when the occupants moved in. If the land and building were bought at different times, the year the building was acquired was recorded. If there was a land contract only, the year the contract was signed was recorded. In the publications, median year acquired is rounded to the nearest year. Contents Appendix A. A-1 Definitions A-1

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Appendix B B-1 

# Appendix B. Sample Design and Weighting

SAMPLE SIZE The 2009 national data are from a sample of housing units interviewed between April and September 2009. The same basic sample of housing units is interviewed every 2 years until a new sample is selected. The U.S. Census Bureau updates the sample by adding newly constructed housing units and units discovered through coverage improvement efforts. For the 2009 American Housing Survey-National (AHS-N) sample, approximately 62,000 housing units were origi

nally selected for interview. The units reduced from the 2007 sample were not included for interview in 2009. 1 

## However, a supplemental sample of about 6,300 housing units in the Chicago, Detroit, New York, Northern New Jersey, and Philadelphia MSAs was included. About 2,200 of the 62,000 total units included for interview were found to be ineligible because the unit no longer existed or because the unit did not meet the AHS definition of a housing unit. Of the 59,800 eligible sample units, about 6,450 were classified (both occupied and vacant housing units) as “Type A” noninterviews because (a) no one was at home after repeated visits, (b) the respondent refused to be interviewed, or (c) the interviewer was unable to find the unit. This classification produced an unweighted overall response rate of 89 percent. The weighted overall response rate was 91 percent. SAMPLE SELECTION The Census Bureau has interviewed the current sample of housing units since 1985. First, the United States was divided into areas made up of counties or groups of coun

ties and independent cities known as primary sampling units (PSUs). A sample of these PSUs was selected. Then, a sample of housing units was selected within these PSUs. Selection of sample areas. The sample for AHS is spread over 394 PSUs. These PSUs cover 878 counties and independent cities with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. If there were over 100,000 housing units in a PSU at the time of selection, the PSU is known as a self-representing PSU because it was removed from the probability sampling operation. It was in sample with certainty. The sample fromthe PSU represents only that PSU. There are 170 selfrepresenting PSUs.

1 

### Due to budgetary constraints, roughly 8 percent of units were taken out of the 2007 sample and were not interviewed. 

## The Census Bureau grouped the remaining PSUs and selected one PSU per group, proportional to the number of housing units in the PSU, to represent all PSUs in the group.These selected PSUs are referred to as non-selfrepresenting PSUs. The sample non-self-representing PSUs for AHS are a subsample of the Current Population Survey’s (CPS) sample areas based on the 1980 census. Selection of sample housing units. The AHS sample consists of the following types of units in the sampled PSUs:
1. Housing units selected from the 1980 census. The Census Bureau picked a systematic sample so every unit had a 1 in 2,148 chance of being included in the AHS. In areas where addresses are complete (at least 96 per

cent of units having a house number and street name) and permits are required for new construction, housing units receiving 1980 census long-form questionnaires were sorted by the following items:

• PSU

• Central city, urbanized area, urban outside urbanized

area, rural

• Owner, renter, vacant for rent, vacant for sale, other

types of vacant housing units

• Number of rooms

• Value of housing unit or gross rent

• Manufactured/mobile home or not a manufactured/

mobile home In areas where addresses are not complete or permits are not required for new construction, land areas were sorted using a formula incorporating the following items:

• PSU

• Central city, urbanized area, urban outside urbanized

area, rural

• Median value of housing unit

• Number of children under 6 years old

• Number of elderly people

• Number of owner-occupied housing units

• Number of manufactured/mobile homes

## B-2 Appendix B American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## • Number of housing units lacking some plumbing

• Number of owner-occupied housing units whose value

is below $45,000

• Number of renter-occupied housing units with rent

below $200

• Number of Black and Hispanic people

• Number of 1-room housing units
2. New construction in areas requiring building permits. In areas that require building permits for new construction, the Census Bureau selected a sample of permits. These permits do not cover manufactured/ mobile homes or conversion of buildings to residential
use. 3. Housing units missed in the 1980 census. The Census Bureau conducted a special study which identi

fied units at addresses missed or inadequately defined in the 1980 census. A sample of these identified units was selected.
4. Other housing units added since the 1980 census. If extra units are added in buildings or manufactured/ mobile home parks where AHS already has sample units, a sample of these extra units was selected. To find when whole buildings are built (in addition to building per

mits, mentioned above) or are converted from nonresi

dential to residential use, the Census Bureau listed all residential buildings in a sample of areas around the country, found any additional buildings, and selected a sample of their units.
5. Housing units selected from Census 2000 . The following adjustments were made to the AHS-N sample in 2005 by adding certain types of units selected from Census 2000:

• A new sample of manufactured/mobile homes was

selected from Census 2000 in an attempt to improve coverage of manufactured/mobile homes built between 1980 and 2000. These units were selected at the same rate as the 1980-based units. One-half of this sample was included in the 2005 interviewing and, as a result, one-half of the 1980-based sample was not included. The units interviewed in 2005 were also interviewed in 2007 and 2009.

• In an attempt to improve coverage of the elderly, a

sample of assisted living units was selected from Census 2000. The Census Bureau purchased address lists of assisted living facilities from two vendors and supplemented these lists with facility addresses from various assisted living facility Internet sites. These addresses were matched to Census 2000 to identify Census 2000 housing units in assisted living facilities from which the resulting sample of these units was drawn. Because the universe was so small, a double sample of units was selected. Before interviewing, the resulting sample was screened to confirm eligibility. There were 921 units in the initial sample with 486 remaining after the screening. Supplemental Metropolitan Sample . In 1995, the Census Bureau supplemented the national sample in six metropolitan areas (Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York, Northern New Jersey, and Philadelphia). These met

ropolitan areas are based on the definitions used in 1985. This supplemental sample was combined with the existing national sample in these areas in order to produce metro

politan level estimates. This supplemental sample was last used in 2003. A new supplemental sample was used in 2009 for five of the six areas (Los Angeles is scheduled for a later date). The definitions of these areas differ from the 2003 OMB definitions in the following ways:

• The Chicago MSA does not include DeKalb County from

the Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL Metropolitan Division (MD), Kenosha County, WI from the Lake County–Kenosha County, IL-WI MD, or any part of the Gary, IN MD.

• The Detroit MSA includes the Monroe, MI MSA.

• The New York MSA includes Orange County, NY from the

Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY MSA and does not include Bergen, Hudson, and Passaic, NJ Counties from the New York-Wayne-White Plains, NY-NJ MD.

• The Northern New Jersey MSA includes Bergen, Hudson,

and Passaic, NJ Counties from the New York-Wayne-White Plains, NY-NJ MD. It does not include Pike County, PA from the Newark-Union, NJ-PA MD, the Edison, NJ MD or Trenton-Ewing, NJ MSA.

• The Philadelphia MSA does not include the Wilmington,

DE-MD-NJ MD. Table 1 provides the size of the supplemental sample in each of the five metropolitan areas. This sample was com

bined with the existing sample in these areas to produce metropolitan estimates.

American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 1 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 1.

## 2009 Sample Size for the Five AHS-NationalBased Metropolitan Areas
Metropolitan area Basic sample Supplemental sample Total sample size Chicago, IL. . . . . . . 1,461 1,097 2,558 Detroit, MI . . . . . . . 834 1,747 2,581 New York, NY . . . . . 2,158 426 2,584 Northern New

Jersey, NJ . . . . . . 1,209 1,348 2,557 Philadelphia, PA

. . . 909 1,696 2,605

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix B B-3 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2 summarizes the interview activity for the five AHS-National metropolitan areas. The table provides the response rate, number of eligible units (comprised of com

pleted interviews and noninterviews), and the number of units visited but ineligible for interview.
ESTIMATION FOR AHS-NATIONAL Each housing unit in the AHS sample represents itself and over 2,000 other units. The exact number it represents is its “weight.” The weight was calculated in six steps. The purpose of these steps is to minimize both sampling errors and errors from incomplete data. The result of these steps is also to force consistency with some major categories of data in other Census Bureau surveys, so figures on these categories do not actually depend on the AHS sample, but on the other surveys.
1. Basic weight. The Census Bureau assigned each unit a weight to reflect its probability of selection. With rare exceptions, this weight is 2,148. One exception is the assisted living sample which is assigned a weight of 1,074.
2. Sample adjustment. An adjustment was made to the units remaining after the overall national reduction implemented in 2007; the basic weight was multiplied by 1.09 to reflect this reduction. An additional sample adjustment was implemented to account for the addi

tion of the supplemental sample in the five metropolitan areas in 2009. 3. Noninterview adjustment. An adjustment was made for refusals and occupied units where no one was home. The calculations for this adjustment do not include units the Census Bureau could not locate. The earlier weight was multiplied by the following factor: Interviewed units + Units not interviewed Interviewed units It is assumed the units missed are similar in some ways to the units interviewed for AHS. This adjustment is done separately for groups defined by cross-classifying the following data items if prior year data for the indicated items are available:

• Four census regions

• 1990 central city, suburb, or nonmetropolitan

• 1990 urban or rural

• Manufactured/mobile home or not a manufactured/

mobile home

• In an assisted living facility or not in an assisted living

facility (only if the housing unit is not a manufactured/ mobile home)

• Owner/for sale or renter/for rent

• Number of units in structure*

• Number of rooms*

• Occupied, vacant year round, or seasonal/migratory

vacant* (*If known from a previous survey; otherwise, the Census Bureau substituted whether or not units were drawn from building permits for these items.) For seasonal/migratory vacants and year round vacantsother than those for rent or for sale, units were crossclassified only by census region and Census 2000 cen

tral city/suburb/nonmetropolitan.
4. PSU adjustment . The Census Bureau adjusted for differences that existed in 1990 between the number of 1990 census housing units estimated from the AHS sample of non-self-representing PSUs and the 1990 census counts outside the self-representing PSUs. The earlier weight was multiplied by the following factor:

1990 census housing units in all areas that could have been chosen as non-self-representing PSUs 1990 census housing units estimated from the AHS sample of non-self-representing PSUs This adjustment is done separately for groups defined by cross-classifying:

• Four census regions

• Owner, renter, or vacant

• 1990 central city, suburb, or nonmetropolitan

• 1990 urban or rural

2 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table 2.

## Interview Activity for the Five AHS-NationalBased Metropolitan Areas

Metropolitan area Unweighted response rate 1 (percent) Weighted response rate 2 (percent) Eligible units Ineligible units 4 Total Interviewed Notinterviewed 3 TOTAL . . . . . . . . . 88.40 90.00 12,382 10,943 1,439 503 Chicago, IL. . . . . . . . . . . 88.10 89.50 2,452 2,159 293 106 Detroit, MI . . . . . . . . . . . 89.40 90.80 2,489 2,225 264 92 New York, NY . . . . . . . . . 88.70 90.20 2,461 2,184 277 123 Northern New Jersey,

NJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.20 92.20 2,465 2,249 216 92 Philadelphia, PA . . . . . . 84.50 86.70 2,515 2,126 389 90

1 The unweighted response rate is computed by dividing the unweighted number of interviews by the unweighted total number of cases eligible for interview and multiplying by 100.

2The weighted response rate is computed by dividing the weighted number of interviews by the weighted total number of cases eligible for interview and multiplying by 100.

3Sample units were classifi ed as “Type A” noninterviews because (a) no one was at home after repeated visits, (b) the respondent refused to be interviewed, or (c) the interviewer was unable to fi nd the unit.

4Sample units were found to be ineligible because the unit no longer existed or because the unit did not meet the AHS defi nition of a housing unit.

## B-4 Appendix B American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## • Hispanic or non-Hispanic householder (only in South

and West regions)

• Black or non-Black householder (only in South region)
5. New construction adjustment. The Census Bureau adjusted for known deficiencies in sampling new con

struction by multiplying the earlier weight by the follow

ing factor: Independent estimate AHS sample estimate This adjustment is done separately for groups defined by cross-classifying:

• Four census regions

• Manufactured/mobile home or not a manufactured/

mobile home

• Number of units in structure

• Year built (pre-1970 and 5-year categories after 1970

as shown in the publication) Independent estimates are based on the Census Bureau’s Survey of Construction and Manufactured Homes Survey. Note that final AHS figures for the categories above are not based on the AHS sample findings, but on the inde

pendent sources. 6. Demographic adjustment. Comparability among the surveys was ensured by multiplying the earlier weight by the following factor: Independent estimate AHS sample estimate This adjustment is done in two steps for occupied units. First, the factors were computed and applied for the Hispanic or non-Hispanic groups defined by cross-classifying:

• Four census regions

• Owner or renter

• Hispanic or non-Hispanic householder

• Husband-wife, other male householder, or other

female householder

• Age of householder Next, the demographic adjustment is repeated with the same cells, except classified by the Black or non-Black groups, rather than the Hispanic or non-Hispanic groups. Vacant for sale, vacant for rent, other year round vacant,and seasonal/migratory vacant units were crossclassified only by the four census regions and Census 2000 central city, suburb, or nonmetropolitan
area. The percentage of occupied and vacant units was based on the AHS itself. The distribution within occu

pied and vacant units are from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey for occupied units and from the Housing Vacancy Survey for vacant units. The total number of all housing units in the United States is based on the Census 2000 adjusted to account for new and lost units. Note that final AHS figures for the categories above are not based on the AHS sample findings, but on the independent sources. Repetitions. The new construction and demographic adjustments were repeated to help match both sets of independent estimates simultaneously. These adjustments were repeated until every cell’s factor is between 0.98 and 1.02 or the change in each factor from one repetition to the next is less than 0.015. Small cells. In each step of weighting, many items were cross-classified; so some cells may have few cases. When a cell is too small (less than 30 cases for the noninterview adjustment or less than 50 cases for the demographic adjustment) or the adjustment factor is too extreme (greater than 1.5 for the noninterview adjustment or out

side a range of 0.5 to 2.0 for the demographic adjustment), the Census Bureau combined the cell with one or more other cells that are similar in most respects. Cells for the PSU adjustment or the new construction adjustment were not combined.
ESTIMATION FOR AHS-NATIONAL-BASED METROPOLITAN AREAS The sample housing units were weighted according to a one-stage ratio estimation procedure.
1. Basic weight. The basic weight is the inverse of the probability of selection. The basic weight varies for each metropolitan area depending on the size of the supple

mental sample.
2. Noninterview adjustment. An adjustment was made for refusals and occupied units where no one was home. The calculations for this adjustment do not include units the Census Bureau could not locate. The earlier weight was multiplied by the following factor: Interviewed units + Units not interviewed Interviewed units It is assumed the units missed are similar in some ways to the units interviewed for AHS. This adjustment is done separately for groups defined by cross-classifying the following data items if prior year data for the indicated items are available:

• 1990 central city, suburb, or nonmetropolitan

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix B B-5 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## • Manufactured/mobile home or not a manufactured/

mobile home

• In an assisted living facility or not in an assisted living

facility (only if the housing unit is not a manufactured/ mobile home)

• Owner/for sale or renter/for rent

• Number of units in structure*

• Number of rooms*

• Occupied, vacant year round, or seasonal/migratory

vacant* (*If known from a previous survey; otherwise, the Census Bureau substituted whether or not units were drawn from building permits for these items.) For seasonal/migratory vacants and year round vacantsother than those for rent or for sale, units were crossclassified only by census region and Census 2000 cen

tral city/suburb/nonmetropolitan. 3. Independent total housing unit ratio estimation. For the ratio estimation procedure described below, each metropolitan area was subdivided into geographic areas consisting of individual counties or a combination of counties. The ratio estimation procedure reduced the sampling error for most statistics below what would have been obtained by simply weighting the results of the sample by the inverse of the probability of selection. Since the housing population of the sample differed somewhat by chance from the metropolitan area as a whole, one can expect that the sample housing population, or dif

ferent portions of it, is brought into agreement with known good estimates of the metropolitan area housing population. The Census Bureau applied the following ratio estima

tion procedure in all areas: Independent estimate of the total housing inventory for the corresponding geographic subdvision of the metropolitan area Sample estimate of the total housing inventory for the corresponding geographic subdvision of the metropolitan area The numerator of this ratio was determined by making adjustments to Census 2000 data to account for resi

dential new construction as well as losses to the hous

ing inventory. These estimates were generated at the county level and combined to form geographic subdivi

sions. The denominator was obtained using the existing weight of AHS sample units (that is, the product of the basic weight and the weighting factors). The computed ratio estimation factor was then applied to all appropriate housing units in the corresponding geographic area of each metropolitan area, and the resulting product was used as the final weight for tabu

lation purposes.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Appendix C C-1 

# Appendix C Historical Changes: 2009

The American Housing Survey (AHS) began in 1973 as the Annual Housing Survey. Since 1981, the U.S. Census Bureau has conducted the national survey every odd numbered year. It was renamed the American Housing Survey in 1984. Only changes for the 2009 survey year are noted in this appendix. Historical changes prior to 2009 can be found online at <www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing /ahs/datacollection.html> or in previous publications. When comparing the 2009 publication tables to prior years, please note the following. Chapter 1. The following tables are no longer included in the report: Tables 1B-1 to 1B-7 (Central Cities) Tables 1C-1 to 1C-7 (Suburbs) Tables 1D-1 to 1D-7 (Outside MSAs) Tables 1A-1 through 1A-6 are renumbered as 1-1 through 1-6. Table 1-7 (Financial Characteristics—All Housing Units) is no longer included; this information can be found in chapters 2 and 3. Chapters 2 through 7. In order to reduce the report table width some columns are no longer included. Tables 17 through 25 have been deleted in each chapter. Chapters 5 through 7 are no longer included in the report. Comparison to local area elementary schools. The universe for this category changed in 2009. This ques

tion is now only asked of households with children aged 0 to 13 who were dissatisfied with their local area elemen

tary school. Current interest rate. Size categories were revised in 2009; the resulting top size category is now 9 percent or more. The published top size category prior to 2009 was 20 percent or more. Current line-of-credit interest rate. Size categories were revised in 2009; the bottom size category is now less than 3 percent, and the resulting top size category is now 8 percent or more. Prior to 2009, the published bottom size category was less than 6 percent, and the top size category was 20 percent or more. Dependent interviewing. Down payment percentage was not asked if a valid answer was obtained in a previous interview and if the current interview was at the same housing unit. In this case, the answers from the previous interview were used to process and tabulate the data. Disabilities. Questions were added to determine the disability status of household members. Heating equipment. The heating equipment questions were revised to address underreporting of “other heating equipment” in 2007. In 2007, the series of questionnaire items dealing with “other heating equipment” began with a question asking if the respondent had any other kind of working heating equip

ment in their homes. Only respondents who answered “yes” to this question were asked follow-up questions on types of “other heating equipment.” In 2009, the screener question was removed and the next question in the series was revised, so that all respondents were read the types of “other heating equipment” when asked if they had any “other heating equipment.” Prior to 2007, respondents were not asked the screener question, but rather were asked from the outset if they had specific types of “other heating equipment.”
Income. The reference period for the income questions was changed from “in the last twelve months” or “during the past twelve months” to a specific date, which is exactly twelve months prior to the date of the interview. Median. All medians are now calculated as true medians (see the definition “Median” in Appendix A) with the exception of “Year Structure Built” which continues to be calculated as an interpolated median, as in previous publications. Monthly payment for principal and interest. Additional size categories are shown in 2009; the resulting top size category is now $2,000 or more. The published top size category prior to 2009 was $1,500 or more.

## C-2 Appendix C American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## No cash rent. In 2009, the answer categories were changed to (a) rented, or (b) occupied without payment of rent. Prior to 2009, respondents were asked if the unit was (a) rented for cash rent, or (b) occupied without payment of cash rent. Public elementary school. Questions about school satisfaction and proximity are no longer asked of households where all children are 5 years of age or younger. Prior to 2009, these households were included in their respective “Not Reported” rows. Public transportation. The table rows have been reordered to more accurately reflect how this series of questions is asked. Also, prior to 2009, the “Not Reported” rows included households who did not have public transportation in the area. Ratio of value to current income. Additional size categories are shown in 2009; the resulting top size category is now 11.0 or more. The published top size category prior to 2009 was 5.0 or more. Rent paid by lodgers. The bottom size category is expanded to less than $200 in 2009, and additional size categories are shown. The resulting top size category is now $800 or more. Prior to 2009, the published bottom size category was less than $100 and the top size category was $400 or more. Wiring. A rewording of the dependent interviewing verification questions from 2005 to 2007 resulted in an overestimate of households with exposed wiring. In 2009, dependent interviewing was not used and all households were asked the wiring questions. Contents Appendix C Historical Changes: 2009 C-1

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix D D-1 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

# Appendix D. Err ors

All numbers from the American Housing Survey (AHS), Table D-1. 

## Poorly Covered Units except for sample size, are estimates. As in other surveys, errors come primarily from the following: **Type of Unit Type of Deficiency** 



##  Incomplete data (Incomplete data are adjusted by Manufactured/mobile No coverage of new 

## assuming that the respondents are similar to those homes, boats, and manufactured/mobile home recreational vehicles (RVs) parks, new marinas, and new 

## not answering, and the size of these errors is RV parks since April 1980 for 

## estimated.) AHS-N in areas where addresses are complete and permits are required for new



##  Wrong answers (The U.S. Census Bureau does not construction. 

## adjust for wrong answers and does not estimate the Conventional new No coverage of permits issued construction in permit fewer than 8 months before 

## size of the errors.) issuing areas interviewing or housing units built without permits where permits are required. In 

##  Sampling (Sampling errors are not adjusted, and the addition, eligible units could 

## size of the error is estimated.) be missed and ineligible units included because of 

## Incomplete data and wrong answers are usually the incorrect answers to questions used to screen out 

## largest source of errors, larger than sampling errors. ineligible units. New construction in special Not covered in either permit- 

## INCOMPLETE DATA places (for example, issuing or non-permit-issuing 

## Coverage errors. Because of deficiencies with the college campuses, areas. prisons) 

## sampling lists, the housing units in the survey do not represent all housing units in the country. The Census Group quarters and houses Eligible units could be missed 

## Bureau attempts to adjust for the deficiencies by moved in because of incorrect answers to questions used to screen 

## raising the raw numbers from the survey proportionally out ineligible units. 

## so that the numbers published here match independent Conversions from Minimal coverage of 

## estimates of the total number of housing units. See nonresidential units nonresidential units in 

## Appendix B, “New Construction and Demographic buildings with no living quarters at the time of the 

## Adjustments.” The independent estimates changed 1980 census that converted 

## around 2.5 percent in both 1981 and 1991 (after the to housing units by 1991 (and no coverage since 

## 1980 and 1990 censuses, respectively) which implies 1991) in areas where 

## that some error existed in the independent estimation addresses are complete and permits are required for new 

## procedures in the years just before the censuses. By construction. 

## comparison, the independent estimates changed by 0.8 Within-structure additions Some extra apartments 

## percent in 2003 (after Census 2000). created illegally or occupied by fugitives are probably 

## In 2005, the Census Bureau attempted to reduce the missed because people do not report them for fear of 

## undercoverage in two segments of the population by penalties. 

## adding sample units selected from Census 2000 (i.e., Whole structure additions These units are chosen with 

## manufactured/mobile homes built between 1980 and not covered by permit the aid of screening 

## 2000 and special living units). Overall, housing unit sampling questions. Eligible units could be missed and 

## undercoverage is about 3.8 percent for the 2009 ineligible units included 

## American Housing Survey National (AHS-N). Table D-1 because of incorrect answers to the screening questions. 

## lists units that have known coverage deficiencies.

## D-2 Appendix D American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Missing data. Some people refuse the interview or Change over time. Several aspects of the AHS make some of the questions, or do not know the answers. estimates of change from previous data unreliable. When the entire interview is missing, other similar These changes may elicit different answers from the interviews represent the missing ones (see Appendix B, past, even if nothing changed in the housing unit. “Noninterview Adjustment”). For most missing Some examples of changes that may have affected answers, an answer from a similar household is answers include: copied. 1 

## The Census Bureau does not know how close
**** Question wording the imputed values are to the actual values. For other
**** Order of questions items, “not reported” is used as an answer category.
**** Switch from paper to computer questionnaire in The items with the most missing data are primarily 1997 those that people forget or consider personal:

**** Lack of Spanish questionnaire, prior to 2009 mortgages, other housing costs, and income. Incompleteness can cause large errors since, when even 

## WRONG ANSWERS 10 percent of housing units are missed by a particular Wrong answers happen because people misunderstand question, they represent about 13 million housing units questions, cannot recall the correct answer, or do not that have to be estimated on little or no basis (there are want to give the right answer. See American Housing about 130 million housing units in the United States). Survey for the United States: 2005 for more discussion The survey estimates them by assuming that they are on this topic. like some group of housing units that did give data, an assumption that is never exactly true although it is 

## SAMPLING ERRORS usually better than ignoring the housing units with the Sampling errors definition. Error from sampling missing data. Thus, it is not surprising that large reflects how estimates from a sample vary from the biases, as shown in Table D-2, are possible when the actual value. (Note: “Actual value” means the value survey has data for only 50 to 90 percent of housing derived if all housing units had been interviewed, under units for particular items. Readers should be wary of the same conditions, rather than only a sample.) A items with highly incomplete data. 2 

## confidence interval is a range that contains the actual value with a specified probability. The range of Rates of completeness were not computed for 2009. nonsampling error is usually larger than this Table 2 in Appendix D of American Housing Survey for confidence interval. the United States in 1995 gives the completeness rates for 1995. Due to the change in data collection C ounts. Most numbers from the AHS are counts of methodology, the rates for 2009 may be higher or housing units (for example, units with basements or lower than in the past. However, the items that were units with an elderly person). These counts have errors most incomplete in 1995 are probably still the most from sampling. As with the other types of errors, incomplete for 2009. readers should be wary of numbers with large errors from sampling. Table D-3 gives a convenient list of errors for a range

1 Hot deck allocation is used: an answer is copied from the most 

## of numbers for the 2009 AHS-N. The error from recently processed similar household before the household with the 

## sampling cannot be known exactly. For numbers not in missing item. 

## Table D-3, the error from sampling is approximated

2 Statistical note: The November 1990 paper, How Response Error, 

## using the following formula for constructing a 90 Missing Data and Undercoverage Bias Survey Data, estimates that 90 

## percent confidence interval: percent of errors from incomplete data are less than: 1.645 x (.0012 x U + .0363 x (lesser of A or U-A)) where A is any count from the AHS and U is the total number of housing units in the United States or metropolitan area (both in thousands, result also in thousands). 

## where A is a ͳǤ͸Ͷͷݔ

number ඥ ሺ ͶǤͲͻݔ െ ଶ 

## (a count ܣ ሻ
of  ሺǤ
unit

ݔʹ͵ͲͲͲͲ
s in tho ܣ ሻ usands) Weights are adjusted to reduce these errors, but it is not known how 

## from the AHS. This formula is an overestimate for most much error remains.How Response Error, Missing data and Undercoverage Bias Survey Data, order number HUD-6458, is available 

## items. For more accurate estimates, use the formulas from HUD USER by e-mail at <helpdesk@huduser.org> or call 

## in Table D-4. 1-800-245-2691.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix D D-3 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau



## For exa
����� �

mple i� f �

A
��0� � is 20
200 0: � � � � 0000�2 � 200 � 

## � � �� as a ratio of the number of Blacks) the error from sampling is different. 5 

## M edians. The steps in Table D-5 calculate the error The 90 percent confidence interval can then be formed from sampling for a 90 percent confidence interval for by adding and subtracting this error to the survey medians. This is an approximation of the error. estimate of 200 (that is, 200 plus or minus 47). Statements such as “the actual value is in the range 200 For small bases, the confidence interval on medians plus or minus 47 (153 to 247),” are right 90 percent of cannot be estimated reliably. To estimate a median's the time and wrong 10 percent of the time. 3 

## sampling error more accurately, find the sampling error on 50 percent as described in Table D-6 and compute Numbers in the publication are printed in thousands, the 90 percent confidence interval. so 200 means 200,000. The formulas are designed to D ifferences. Two numbers from the AHS, like 34 and use numbers directly from the publication; do not add 40 or 40 percent and 45 percent have a "statistically zeros. The result is also in thousands, so 47 means significant difference" if their ranges of error from 47,000. sampling for a 90 percent confidence interval do not P ercents. Any subgroup can be shown as a percent of a overlap. 6 

## larger group. For AHS-N, the error from sampling for a

����� � � ���0� � � � � �00 � � � �/� F ormulas for error from sampling. The letter “A” in the 90 percent confidence interval for this percent is: formulas in Tables D-4, D-5, and D-6 represents a number (a count of units in thousands) from AHS (see “Sampling Errors” text for an example of how “A” is where p is the percent; A is the denominator, or base of used). For AHS-N, the minimum error from sampling is the percent in thousands. + 9 (meaning +9 thousand). 7

## If a formula gives an For example, the error from sampling for a 90 percent error smaller than 9, use 9. confidence interval for 40 percent of 200 (meaning

����� � � � ��0� � �0 � �0 � /200 For AHS-N, if an item falls into two different categories 200,000) is: in Table D-4, use the formula that gives the largest = 11.5 error. For example, for Hispanics’ income in the South use the formulas for the South (since there is no Statements such as “the actual percent is in the range 28.5 percent to 51.5 percent” are right 90 percent of the time. 5 The error from sampling for a 90 percent confidence interval for a 

## This formula is an overestimate for most items. To get ratio C/D is: 

## a more accurate estimate for AHS-N, replace the first number under the square root sign above with the first when the e C

r /

r D

or

�

f

�

o �

r �
C ��

s �
h

�

o �

u � �/�� �

ld be i �

nt�

e �

r �
p �

r �

e �

t e �
d ��

a �

s /

t �
h � �

e error for a 90 percent 

## number under the square root sign of the appropriate confidence interval for C. Likewise, the error for D should be 

## formula from Table D-4. 4 interpreted as the error for a 90 percent confidence interval for D. 

## Note that when a ratio C/D is computed where C is not 6 When ranges of error from sampling for a 90 percent confidence 

## a subgroup of D (for example, the number of Hispanics interval do overlap, numbers are still statistically different if the result of subtracting one from the other is more than

� �
The error fo �

r �

t �
h ��

e � �

f i�

r �

s �

t a ���

n ��
d �

s �

e �

c�

o �

n �
d �

n

�

um

���

b �

e �

r �

s � �

s �
h �

o �

u �
l �
d � �

b e

�
i ��

nt

�

e �

r �
p �
reted as the error for a 90 percent confidence interval for the first and second numbers respectively.
3 The formula in the text is based on 1.645 times the standard error 7 This minimum error formula is based on the following binomial 90 from sampling. This formula gives “90 percent confidence interval percent confidence interval on zero U x (1 - .1 ) =9 (where U is the errors.” For 95 percent confidence interval errors, multiply by 1.96 4.23/U total number of housing units from the AHS). For a 95 percent instead of 1.645; for 99 percent confidence, multiply by 2.576 instead confidence interval, substitute .05 for .1 in the above formula. For a 99 of 1.645.

4 This formula is actually data to the effective samp ��

l�
e �
s �i z

�e

�

. � � �00 � � � /�, percent confidence interval, substitute .01 for .1. More discussion and other approximations are in the paper “Sampling Errors for Small since 4.09/A adjusts the Groups” available from HUD USER at <www.huduser.org/datasets /ahs/ahsprev.html>.

## D-4 Appendix D American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## specific formula for income and errors for the South **** Conditions of streets within 300 feet will be bigger than those for Hispanics). For the **** Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties following neighborhood characteristics, use the within 300 feet neighborhood formulas: For the following special characteristics, use the special

**** Opinion of neighborhood characteristics formulas. The following items are

**** Street noise or traffic defined as special characteristics:

**** Neighborhood crime
**** Cooperatives or condominiums
**** Odors
**** No complete bathroom
**** Other bothersome neighborhood conditions
**** Less than 1,500 square feet of detached one-
**** Elementary school family or manufactured/mobile homes
**** Academic comparison to other area elementary
**** Well serving 1 to 5 units schools
**** Manufactured/mobile homes in a group
**** Public transportation
**** Area within 300 feet includes open space, park,
**** Neighborhood shopping farm, or ranch
**** Police protection
**** Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet
**** Parking lots
**** Five or more acres in lot size
**** Description of area (except open space, park, farm,
**** No bedroom or ranch) within 300 feet

**** Lacking complete kitchen facilities
**** Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet
**** Lacking some plumbing facilities
**** Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed
**** No flush toilet within 300 feet
**** Major street repairs needed
**** Bars on windows of buildings within 300 feet

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix D D-5 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau



### Table D-2. 

## Errors for Incomplete Data Table D-3. 

## Errors From Sampling: 2009 AHS–N B ias: 2009 AHS–N [Numbers in thousands] [Numbers in thousands] When the AHS gives The chances are 90 percent that the actual one of the following value is inside the range of plus or minus When the AHS gives The chances are 90 percent that the complete numbers— one of the following value 1 is inside the range of plus or minus numbers— 0 9 0 257 10 11 10 257 100 33 100 263 1,000 105 1,000 316 2,500 165 2,500 406 5,000 231 5,000 555 10,000 319 10,000 854 25,000 472 25,000 1,749 50,000 580 50,000 3,242 75,000 586 75,000 3,363 100,000 491 100,000 1,793 110,000 412 110,000 1,163 120,000 285 120,000 535 125,000 174 125,000 225 130,000 44 130,000 33 Source: These errors were computed based on a formula with high sampling error in Table D-6. This table represents a conservative example. 1 “Complete value” means the value derived if there were no missing data.



### Table D-4. 

## Formulas for 90 Percent Confidence Intervals: 1 

## 2009 AHS–N

General formulas Other formulas Characteristics All characteristics except those Fuels, heating/cooling equipment listed under other formulas and neighborhood characteristics Special characteristics Total units, Midwest, West,

Elderly, Black, new construction, manufactured/ mobile homes, vacant . . . . . . . Northeast, central city, ͳǤ͸Ͷͷݔ ඥ͵Ǥ͵͸ݔ െ ͲǤͲͲͲͲʹ͸ ݔ  ଶ 

### ͳǤ͸Ͷͷ ݔ ඥ͵Ǥ͵ͷ ݔ  െ ͲǤͲͲͲͲʹ͸ ݔ  ଶ 

### ͳǤ͸Ͷͷݔ ඥͶǤͲͻݔ െ ͲǤͲͲͲʹͶ͹ ݔ  ଶ



### Hispanic, urban, suburbs . . . . Rural, South, outside ͳǤ͸Ͷͷݔ ඥʹǤ͸͹ݔ െ ͲǤͲͲͲͲʹͳ ݔ  ଶ 

### ͳǤ͸Ͷͷ ݔ ඥʹǤ͸͹ ݔ  െ ͲǤͲͲͲͲʹͳ ݔ  ଶ 

### ͳǤ͸Ͷͷݔ ඥͶǤͲͻݔ െ ͲǤͲͲͲʹͶ͹ ݔ  ଶ



### (P)MSAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special living sample units . . . . . ͳǤ͸Ͷͷݔ ඥ͵Ǥʹͳݔ െ ͲǤͲͲͲͲʹͷ ݔ  ଶ

ଶ 

### ͳǤ͸Ͷͷ ݔ ඥͶǤͲͻ ݔ  െ ͲǤͲͲͲͲ͵ʹ ݔ  ଶ

ଶ 

### ͳǤ͸Ͷͷݔ ඥͶǤͲͻݔ െ ͲǤͲͲͲʹͶ͹ ݔ  ଶ

ଶ

1 The formula in the test is based on 1.64 

### ͳ

5 

### Ǥ͸

t 

### Ͷ

im 

### ͷ

e 

### ݔ

s t



### ඥ

he



### ͳ

Ǥ

s 

### ͷ

ta 

###  ͅ

n 

### ݔ

da 

### 

rd 

### െ

erro



### ͲǤͲ

r 

### Ͳ

fro 

### Ͳ

m



### Ͳͳ

sampling. 

###  ݔ ʹ ͳ

This 

### Ǥ͸Ͷͷ

fo

### ݔ

rmula



### ඥ ͳǤͷ

gives 

###  ݔ  ͅ

“90



### െ

percent



### ͲǤͲͲͲͲ

co 

### ͳʹ

nfidence



###  ݔ

int 

### ͳ

erval 

### Ǥ͸Ͷͷ

erro 

### ݔ ඥ

rs.” 

### ͵Ǥ ͅ ͷ

Fo 

### ݔ

r 95



###  െ

percent



### ͲǤͲͲͲ

co 

### ʹͷ

nfidence 

###  ݔ ͷ

interval errors, multiply by 1.96 instead of 1.645; for 99 percent confidence, multiply by 2.576 instead of 1.645.

## D-6 Appendix D American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Table D-5. 

## How to Compute the Error From Sampling for a 90 Percent Confidence Interval for a Median
Steps for calculations The formula An example Your data
How many total units is the median based on (in

thousands, exclude “not reported” and "don’t know")? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 200 **-----** What are the end points of the category the

median is in? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X–Y $600–699
**-----** What is the width of this category (in dollars,

**-----** W $100 rooms, or what ever the item measures)? . . . . . . . .
How many housing units are in this median

category (in thousands)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 30 **-----** Then the error from sampling for the median is

approximately: 1



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K x W x √ A �.�� � �00 � √200 B 30.0 � $78

**-----**

The 90 percent confidence interval for the median

is: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ������ � K x W x √ A ������ � $78
**-----**

1 Note: To obtain an appropriate value for K, multiply the numerator of the formula for co 

### B

mputing the error from sampling for 50 percent by a factor of .01.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Appendix D D-7 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Contents Appendix D. D-1
Errors D-1 Table D-6. 

## Calculation of the 90 Percent Confidence Interval for Medians
In the following example, cost data are used to calculate the 90 percent confidence interval for medians (all numbers are in thousands):
Cumulative number of housing units Total housing units 209
Less than $500 50 50 $500 to $599 45 95 $600 to $699 30 125 $700 to $799 20 145 $800 or more 55 200 Not reported 9 Median $627
Bottom limit Top limit
Item Your Your Formula Example data Example data

How many total units is the median based on (in

thousands, exclude “not reported”)?



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 200 **-----**
Half the total, for the median (in thousands)



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . A/2 100 **-----**
Error from sampling for 50 percent of the base of this

median (first line) 1



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 / 11.7 **-----**
Multiply this percentage error by .01 to turn it into a √ A

fraction and by total units to give the error in housing



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.66 23.5 **-----** units
Bottom of error range (second line minus fourth line, in √ A

thousands)



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B bottom 76.5* **-----**
Top of error range (second line plus fourth line, in

thousands)



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B top 123.5* **-----**
*Start adding up the housing units in the table, category

by category, cumulatively from the beginning of the table, until you exceed the starred number above. What interval does the starred number fall in?



### . . . . . . . . . $500–599
**-----** $600–699
**-----**
How many housing units are in all the categories before

this one (in thousands)?



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 50 **-----** 95 **-----**
How many housing units are in this category (in

thousands)?



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 45 **-----** 30 **-----**
What is the bottom limit of this category (in dollars,

rooms, or whatever the item measures)?



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . E $500
**-----** $600
**-----**
What is the bottom limit of the next category (in dollars,

rooms, etc)?



### . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F $600
**-----**

Formula to calculate limits of confidence interval



### . . . . . . . . . . � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���5 � 50 � � �

**-----** � 1�3�5 � �5 � � �

Limits of confidence interval (in dollars, rooms, etc.)



### . . . . . . D 45 100 �

$559 500

**-----** 30 100 � $700

�00 **-----**

**-----** $695

**-----**
*Starting with the starred step, this worksheet is equivalent to interpolation, for those who are familiar with this term.

1 Statistical note: This formula is based on the error from sampling for 50 percent (using the appropriate formula, 1��45���� � 4�0����50 � � � 100 � 50 � �� � 1��� √ A�

.

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Index-1 

# Index for Table Numbers and Appendixes

Academic comparison to other area elementary schools: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Academic comparison to other area elemen

tary schools”
Access to structure: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, rent

ers 4-7, Appendix A “Access to structure” Accuracy, incomplete data or wrong answers: See Appendix D “Errors” Acquired, how (home): owners 3-14, Appendix A “How the housing unit was acquired” Acreage: See “Lot size” Adjustable mortgages: See “Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages” Adults and single children under 18 years old: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Household composition” Adult children: See “Persons” African American (Black): See “Black alone” Age of building (year structure built): See “Year struc

ture built” Age of children: See “Household com position by age of householder” Age of householder: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, rent

ers 4-9, Appendix A “Age of house holder” Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Age of other residen tial buildings within 300 feet” Air conditioning equipment: See “Equipment” Air conditioning fuel: See “Fuels” Airport, highway, or railroad nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Alaska Native: See “Race and Hispanic origin” Alimony: See “Income” Amenities, selected: See “Selected amenities” American Indian: See “Race and Hispanic origin” Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value: owners 3-13, Appendix A “Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value” Apartment building: See “Units in structure” Apartment building, previous residence: See “Structure type of previous residence” Apartments, efficiency: See “Rooms” Apartments, home search: See “Home search” Appearance of home (reason to live here): See “Home search” Appearance of neighborhood (reason to live here): See “Neighborhood search” ARM (adjustable rate mortgage): See “Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages” Asian alone: See “Race and Hispanic origin” Assistance available to residence: See “Special living” Assistance for food (food stamps): See “Food stamps” Assisted housing (mortgages): See “Lower cost state and local mortgages” Assisted housing (rentals): See “Rent reductions” Assumed mortgage: See “Mortgage origina tion” Average monthly cost paid for fuel oil: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, and renters 4-13, Appendix A “Monthly housing costs” Average monthly cost paid for real estate taxes: own ers 3-13, Appendix A “Monthly housing costs” Balcony: See “Selected amenities” Balloon mortgages: See “Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages” Bars on windows of buildings within 300 feet: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Bars on windows of buildings within 300 feet” Bars on windows (this building): S ee “External building conditions” Basement leaked: See “Water leakage during last 12 months” Basement, type of: See “Foundation” Bathrooms: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3, Appendix A “Complete bathrooms” Bathtub or shower: See “Plumbing”

## Index-2 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Bedrooms: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3, Appendix A “Bedrooms” Below poverty level: A column heading in most tables, Appendix A “Poverty status” Black alone: A column heading in most tables, compari

sons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Race and Hispanic origin” Bodies of water within 300 feet: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Bodies of water within 300 feet” Borrowing for down payment: See “Major source of down payment” Bottled gas, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Bottled gas, use of: See “Fuels” Breakdown, electrical: See “Electric fuses and circuit breakers” Breakdown, heating or toilet: See “Heating problems” and “Flush toilet breakdowns” Breakdown, water supply or sewage system: See “Sewage disposal breakdown” or “Water supply stop page” Bricks, missing: See “External building conditions” Broken into, buildings: See “Other buildings vandal

ized or with interior exposed within 300 feet,” Appendix A “Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed” Broken plaster: See “Selected deficiencies” Broken siding, foundation, roof, windows: See “External building condi tions” Building, age of: See “Year structure built” Building and ground maintenance: renters 4-7, Appendix A “Building and ground maintenance” Building neighbor noise: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Building neighbor noise” Building, outside condition of: See “External building conditions” Building, size: See “Units in structure” Buildings, nearby: See “Age of other residential buildings within 300 feet”
Burners: See “Equipment” Business income: See “Income” Business space: See “Other activities on property” Buy-down (graduated payment mortgage): See “Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages” Carport: See “Selected amenities” Cars and trucks available (kept at home): comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Appendix A “Cars and trucks available” Cash received in primary mortgage refinance: own ers 3-15, Appendix A “Cash received in primary mort gage refinance”
CD-ROMs: See Introduction “Data Availabil ity” Cellar leaked: See “Water leakage during last 12 months” Cellar, type of: See “Foundation”
Census 2000: See Appendix A “Comparability with Cen sus 2000 Population and Housing data” Central air conditioning: vacant homes 1-4, compari

sons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Equipment” Central air conditioning fuel: See “Fuels” Central cities: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, own

ers 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Central cities” Cesspool: See “Sewage disposal” and “Sewage disposal breakdown” Change in housing costs: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Appendix A “Change in housing costs” Change in housing quality: See “Reasons for leaving pre vious unit” Chemical toilet: See “Sewage dis posal” Child support: See “Income” Children: See “Household composition by age of householder” Choice of present home: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Appendix A “Choice of present home and home search” Choice of present neighborhood: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Appendix A “Choice of present neighborhood and neighborhood search,” and “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Circuit breakers tripped: See “Electric fuses and circuit break ers” Citizenship of householder: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Citizenship” City: See “Central cities” City services: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, rent ers 4-8, Appendix A “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services” Clothes dryer: See “Equipment”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Index-3 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Clothes dryer fuel: See “Fuels” Clothes washer: See “Equipment” Coal, use of: See “Fuels” Coke fuel, use of: See “Fuels” Cold home: See “Heating problems” College education: See “Educational attainment (of the householder)” Commercial neighbors: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Commercial space: See “Other activities on property” Community quality: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, rent

ers 4-8, Appendix A “Community quality” Commuting distance caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Comparability with Census 2000 Population and Housing data: See Appendix A “Comparability with Census 2000 Population and Housing data” Comparability with Current Construction Reports from the Survey of Construction: See Appendix A “Comparability with Current Construction Reports from the Survey of Construction” Comparison to previous home, (cost): See “Recent mover comparison to previous home” Comparison to previous home, (quality): See “Recent mover comparison to previous home” Comparison to previous neighborhood: See “Recent mover comparison to previous neighborhood” Complete bathrooms: See “Bathrooms” Complete kitchen facilities: See “Equip ment” Completeness of data: See Appendix D “Incomplete data” Composition of household: See “Household composition by age of householder” Concealed wiring: See “Selected deficiencies” Concrete slab: See “Foundation” Condition of streets within 300 feet: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Condition of streets within 300 feet” Condominium: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Cooperatives and condominiums” Condominium conversion caused move: See “Rea sons for leaving previous unit” Condominium and cooperative fee: owners 3-13, Appendix A “Condominium and cooperative fee” Construction date: See “Year structure built” Construction quality (reason to live here): See “Choice of present home”
Contract rent: See “Monthly housing costs” Conventional mortgages: See “Mortgages currently on property” Cooking stove/equipment: See “Equip ment” Cooking fuel: See “Fuels” Cooperative conversion caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Cooperative fee: See “Condominium and cooperative fee” Cooperatives and condominiums: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Cooperatives and condo miniums”
Co-owner: See “Persons”
Co-renter: See “Persons” Cost, former home: See “Change in housing costs” Cost and ownership sharing: own ers 3-13, Appendix A “Cost and ownership sharing” Cost burden of rent or mortgage: See “Monthly housing costs as percent of current income” Cost of home caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Cost of home (monthly): See “Monthly housing costs” Cost of home (purchase price or value): See “Purchase price of home” County services: See “Choice of present neighborhood” and “Neighborhood conditions/services” Couples, married: See “Household com position by age of householder” Coverage of sample: See Appendix B “Sample selection,” Appendix D “Coverage errors” Crack in inside wall: See “Selected deficien cies” Cracked or crumbling foundation: See “External build

ing conditions” Crawl space: See “Foun dation” Crime nearby: See “Neighborhood conditions/services” Crowding: See “Persons per room” Current income: See “Income”

## Index-4 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Current interest rate: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Current interest rate” Current line-of-credit interest rate: See “Line-of-credit interest rate, current” Current total loan as percent of value: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Current total loan as percent of value” Data, incomplete: See Appendix D “Incomplete data” Debt, mortgage: See “Mortgage, total outstanding princi

pal amount” Deck: See “Selected amenities” Deficiencies, selected: See “Selected deficiencies” Dentist’s office: See “Other activities on prop erty” Description of area within 300 feet: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Description of area within 300 feet” Design of home (reason to live here): See “Choice of present home” Design of neighborhood (reason to live here): See “Choice of present neighborhood” Design of sample: See Appendix B “Sample size” and “Sample selection” Dilapidation: See “External building conditions” Dining rooms: See “Selected amenities” Disabilities: See “Households with disabled persons” Disaster loss caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previ ous unit” Discomfort from cold: See “Heating problems” Dishwasher: See “Equipment” Displacement caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Disposal in sink, garbage: See “Equip ment” Dividends: See “Income” Divorced, (caused move): See “Reasons for leaving previ

ous unit” Doctor’s office: See “Other activities on prop erty” Door leaks: See “Water leakage during last 12 months” Doubled up families: See “Persons” Down payment major source: owners 3-14, Appendix A “Major source of down payment” Dryer for clothes: See “Equipment” Dryer for clothes, fuel for: See “Fuels” Ducts: See “Heat ing equipment” Duplexes: See “Units in structure” Duration of vacancy: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Educational attainment (of the householder): com parisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Educa

tional attainment” Efficiency apartments (size of unit): See “Rooms” Elderly: A column heading in most tables, see “Persons 65 years old and over” Electric fuses and circuit breakers: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Appendix A “Electric fuses and cir

cuit breakers” Electric heaters: See “Heating equipment” Electric wall outlets: See “Selected deficiencies” and “Selected physical problems” Electric wiring adequacy: See “Selected deficiencies” and “Selected physical problems” Electricity, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Electricity, use of: See “Fuels” Elementary school education: See “Neighborhood condi

tions/services,” Appendix A “Schools” Elevator on floor: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Appendix A “Elevator on floor” Entrance floor: See “Stories between main and apartment entrances” Equipment: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Equipment” Equity in home (loan as percent of value): See “Current total loan as percent of value” Error, nonsampling: See “Incomplete data” Error, sampling: See “Sample” Eskimo: See “Race and Hispanic origin” Establish own household (caused move): See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Estimation: See Appendix B “Estimation for AHS-National” Ethnicity: See “Race and Hispanic origin” Exposed wiring: See “Selected deficiencies” and “Selected physical problems” External building conditions: vacant homes 1-2, com

parisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Appendix A “External building conditions”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Index-5 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Extra unit: See “Reasons extra unit owned” Family composition: See “Household composition by age of householder,” Appendix A “Family or primary individual” Family size: See “Household composition by age of householder,” Appendix A “Family or primary individual” Farm income: See “Income,” Appendix A “Crop sales” Farm or open space nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Federal Housing Administration (FHA): See “Mortgages currently on property” Female: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters, 4-9, Appendix A “Household composition” Financing: See “Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages” Fire caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Fireplace, usable: See “Selected amenities” Fireplace used for heat: See “Heating equipment” Firewood, use of: See “Fuels” First occupants: See “Previous occupancy” First site, this manufactured/mobile home: See “Site placement” First-time owners: owners 3-14, Appendix A “First-time owners” Fixed mortgage payments: See “Payment plan of pri

mary and secondary mortgages” Flood caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previ ous unit” Floors, holes in: See “Selected deficiencies” Floors, number of: See “Stories in structure” Flues, heating: See “Heating equipment” Flush toilet breakdowns: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Appendix A “Flush toilet and flush toilet break

downs,” “Physical problems” Food stamps: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Appendix A “Food stamps” and “Income” For sale: A column heading in Chapter 1 (Vacant), Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Formation, household: See “Household moves and for

mation in last year” Formation of household caused move: See “Rea sons for leaving previous unit” Former home: comparisons 2-10, 2-11, owners 3-10, 3-11, renters 4-10, 4-11, Appendix A “Present and previ

ous units” Foundation: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Appendix A “Foundation” Foundation, cracked or crumbling: See “External build

ing conditions” Friends nearby (reason to live here): See “Neighborhood search” Fuel, air conditioning: See “Fuels” Fuel, clothes dryer: See “Fuels” Fuel, cooking: See “Fuels” Fuel, cost of: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters 4-13, Appendix A “Monthly housing costs” Fuel, heating: See “Fuels” Fuel, water heating: See “Fuels” Fuels: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Appendix A “Fuels”
Furnace: See “Heating equipment” Fuses blown: See “Electric fuses and circuit breakers” Garage: See “Selected amenities” Garbage: See “Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any prop

erties within 300 feet” Garbage disposal in sink: See “Equipment” Gas, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Gas, use of: See “Fuels” Gender: See “Household com position by age of householder” Generations, multiple: See “Persons” Gift of home: See “Major source of down payment” Good home, compared to previous: See “Choice of present home” Good home, moved to: See “Recent mover comparison to previous home” Good home, rating of: See “Opinion of home” Good neighborhood: See “Choice of present neighbor hood” Good neighborhood, rating of: See “Opinion of neighborhood” Government displacement caused move: See “Rea sons for leaving previous unit”

## Index-6 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Government subsidy for repairs: owners 3-13, Appendix A “Government subsidy for repairs” Graduated mortgage payments: See “Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages” Grandparents: See “Persons”
Gross rent: See “Monthly housing costs” Ground anchors: See “Manufactured/mobile homes tiedowns” Group quarters: See Appendix A “Housing units” Half bathrooms: See “Bathrooms” Heat pump: See “Heating equipment” Heated for year-round use: See “Suitability for yearround use” Heating capacity, inadequate: See “Heat ing pr oblems” Heating equipment: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Heating equipment” Heating equipment breakdowns: See “Heating prob lems” Heating fuel: See “Fuels” Heating problems: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, rent

ers 4-6, Appendix A “Heating problems” and “Physical problems” High cost: See Appendix A “Cost” High income: See Appendix A “Income” High rise: See “Stories in structure” High rise nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” High school education: See “Educational attainment (of the householder)” Highway, railroad, or airport nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Hispanic: A column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Hispanic” and “Race and Hispanic origin” Hole in foundation: See “External building conditions” Hole in inside wall: See “Selected deficiencies” Hole in outside wall: See “External building conditions” Hole in roof: See “External building conditions” Holes in floors: See “Selected deficiencies” Home, choice of present: See “Home search” Home, comparison to previous cost of: See “Recent mover comparison to previous home” Home, comparison to previous quality of: See “Recent mover comparison to previous home” Home equity line of credit: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Home equity line-of-credit” Home equity lump-sum mortgage: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Home equity lump-sum loan” Home equity mortgage: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Home equity lump-sum loan” Home search: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, rent

ers 4-11, Appendix A “Choice of present home and home search” Homeowner association fee: See “Other housing costs per month”
Homeowner tenure: See “Tenure” Homeowner’s insurance: See “Property insurance” Homes currently for sale or rent: vacant 1-1, Appendix A “Homes cur r ently for sale or rent” and “Vacancy, seasonality” Hot piped water: See “Plumbing” Hot water heating: See “Heating equipment” Hotels: See Appendix A “Housing units” House previous residence: See “Structure type of previ

ous residence” Household: See Appendix A “Household” Household composition by age of householder: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Household composition” Household formation caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Household income: See “Income” Household moves and formation in last year: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “House hold moves and formation” Household size: See “House hold composition by age of householder” Household size, former home: See “Persons

— previous residence” Householder: See Appendix A “Householder” Households with disabled persons: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Disabilities” Housing unit: See Appendix A “Housing unit”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Index-7 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## How acquired: See “Acquired, how (home)” Inadequate heating capacity: See “Heat ing pr oblems” Inadequate insulation: See “Heating problems”
Income: comparisons 2-12, owners 3-12, renters 4-12, Appendix A “Current income” and “Income” Income, negative or zero: See “Ratio of (house) value to
cur r ent income” Income of families and primary individuals: See “Income” Income sources of families and primary individuals: See “Income” Income verification for rent reductions: See “Rent reductions” Incomplete data: See Appendix D “Incomplete data” Indian (American Indian): See “Race and Hispanic origin” Industrial neighbors: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Inheritance of home: See “Major source of down payment” Institutional neighbors: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Insulation, inadequate: See “Heating problems” Insurance in monthly payment: See “Items included in primary mortgage payment” Insurance, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Insurance, mortgage: See “Items Included in primary mortgage payment” Interest and principal, cost of: See “Monthly payment for principal and interest” Interest income: See “Income” Interest rate on mortgage: See “Current interest rate” Interviews, errors in: See Appendix D “Errors” Interviews, number of: See Appendix B “Sample size” Investment for down payment: See “Major source of down payment” Investments and savings: See “Income” Item nonresponse: See Appendix D “Incomplete data” Items included in primary mortgage payment: own ers 3-15, Appendix A “Mortgages currently on property” Job commuting caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Job transfer caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Kerosene, use of: See “Fuels” Kitchen: See “Equipment” Kitchen attractive (reason to live here): See “Choice of present home” Kitchen present: See “Equipment” Kitchen problems: See “Selected physical problems” Kitchen sink: See “Equipment” Lake nearby (body of water): See “Bodies of water within 300 feet” Land contract: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Land contract” Land rent fee: See “Other housing costs per month” Land used for down payment: See “Major source of down payment” Landlady or landlord lives on property: See “Owner or manager (lives) on property (rentals)” Larger home, moved to: See “Reasons for leaving previ

ous unit” Last home: See “Structure type of previous residence” Last occupancy date: See “Last used as permanent residence” Last used as permanent residence: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Latino: See “Hispanic” Layout of home (reason to live here): See “Choice of present home” Leaks: See “Water leakage during last 12 months” Leisure activities (reason to live here): See “Choice of present neighborhood” Lenders of primary and secondary mortgages: own ers 3-15, Appendix A “Lenders of primary and secondary mort gages” Length of mortgage: See “Term of primary mortgage at origination or assumption” Length of stay: See “Year householder moved into unit” Length of vacancy: See “Duration of vacancy” Line of credit: See “Home equity line of credit” Line-of-credit amount used for home additions, improvements, or repairs: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Line-of-credit amount used for home additions, improve

ments, or repairs”

## Index-8 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Line-of-credit interest rate, current: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Current line-of-credit interest rate” Line-of-credit monthly payment: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Line-of-credit monthly payment” Litter nearby: See “Neighborhood conditions/services” Litter on streets or lots: See “Neighborhood conditions/ services” Living quarters: See Appendix A “Housing units” Living rooms: See “Selected amenities” Loan to value ratio: See “Current total loan as percent of value” Local housing subsidy: See “Rent reductions” Local mortgage program: See “Lower cost state and local mortgages” Location of extra unit: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Extra unit” Lodgers: See Appendix A “Lodgers” and “Persons other than spouse or children” Lodgers’ rent: See “Rent paid by lodgers” Lot size: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3, Appendix A “Lot size” Lots, trash on neighbors: See “Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any prop erties” Low income: See “Income” Low rise: See “Stories in structures” Lower cost state and local mortgages: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Lower cost state and local mortgages” LPG (bottled gas), cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” LPG (bottled gas), use of: See “Fuels” Lump-sum loan: See “Home equity lump-sum mortgage” MA (Metropolitan area): See “Metropolitan area” Main heating equipment: See “Heating equipment” Main house heating fuel: See “Fuel” Main reason for choice of present home/neighbor

hood: See “Choice of present home” and “Choice of present neighborhood” Main reason for leaving previous unit: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Maintenance caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Maintenance cost (routine maintenance last year): owners 3-13, Appendix A “Change in housing costs” and “Monthly housing costs” Maintenance problem: See “Renter maintenance quality” and “Selected physical problems” Major source of down payment: owners 3-14, Appendix A “Major source of down payment” Male: See “Household composition by age of householder” Manager of rental lives on property: See “Owner or manager (lives) on property (rentals)” Manufactured/mobile homes: A column heading in all tables, Appendix A “Housing units” and “Manufactured/ mobile homes” Manufactured/mobile home, former home: See “Structure type of previous residence” Manufactured/mobile home park fee: See “Other hous

ing costs per month” Manufactured/mobile home site: See “Site placement, manufactured/mobile homes” Manufactured/mobile home size: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Appendix A “Manufactured/mobile homes” Manufactured/mobile home tiedowns/set up: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Appendix A “Manufactured/mobile home set up” and “Manufactured/mobile home tiedowns” Manufactured/mobile homes, choice of: See “Choice of present home” Manufactured/mobile homes in group: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Manufactured/mobile homes in group” Married, caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previ ous unit” Married couples: See “Household com position by age of householder” Means of sewage disposal: See “Sewage disposal” Median monthly housing costs for owners: own ers 3-13, Appendix A “Median monthly housing costs for owners” Medians: See Appendix A “Medians” Medical office: See “Other activities on prop erty”
Men: See “Household composition by age of householder” Metropolitan area: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Metropolitan areas”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Index-9 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Mice: See “Selected deficiencies” Microdata: See Introduction “Data avail ability” Microwave oven: See “Equipment” Middle income: See Appendix A “Income” Midwest: A column heading in most tables, vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Regions” Minor: See Appendix A “Household com position” Missing interviews: See Appendix D “Incomplete data” Mistakes (nonsampling error): See Appendix D “Wrong answers” Monthly cost paid for electricity: See “Monthly housing costs” Monthly cost paid for piped gas: See “Monthly housing costs” Monthly costs paid for selected utilities and fuels: See “Monthly housing costs” Monthly expenses, additional help with: See Appendix A “Monthly expenses, additional help with” Monthly housing costs: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters 4-13, Appendix A “Monthly costs paid for electricity and piped gas” and “Monthly housing costs” Monthly housing costs as percent of current income: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters 4-13, Appendix A “Monthly housing costs as percent of current income” Monthly payment for principal and interest: owners 3-13, Appendix A “Items included in primary mortgage pay

ment” and “Monthly payment for principal and interest” Mortgage, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Mortgage, home equity: See “Mortgages currently on property” Mortgage insurance: See “Items included in primary mortgage payment” Mortgage origination: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Mortgage origina tion” Mortgage, total outstanding principal amount: own ers 3-15, Appendix A “Mortgages currently on property” and “Total outstanding principal amount” Mortgage, primary: See “Mortgages currently on prop erty” Mortgage revenue bonds: See Appendix A “Mortgages currently on property” Mortgage term: See “Term of primary mortgage at origi

nation or assumption” Mortgaged, remaining years: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Mortgages currently on property” Mortgages currently on property: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Mortgages currently on property” and “Type of primary mortgage” Mortgages, lower cost state and local: See “Lower cost state and local mortgages” Mortgages, number of regular and home equity: See “Number of regular mortgages and home-equity mortgages” Mortgages, types of: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Mortgages currently on property” Move, reasons for: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Multifamily: See “Persons” Multifamily, choice of: See “Choice of present home” and “Choice of present neighbor hood” Multifamily, former home: See “Persons—previous residence” Native American: See “Race and Hispanic origin” Nativity and citizenship: See “Citizenship of house holder” Natural gas, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Natural gas, use of: See “Fuels” Negative income: See “Monthly housing costs as a percent of current income” and “Ratio of (house) value to current income” Neighborhood, choice of (reason to live here): See “Choice of present neighborhood” Neighborhood, comparison to previous: See “Choice of present neighborhood” Neighborhood conditions/services: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services” Neighborhood crime: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, rent

ers 4-8, Appendix A “Neighborhood conditions and neigh

borhood services” Neighborhood, move within: See “Recent mover com

parison to previous neighborhood” Neighborhood rating: See “Opinion of neighborhood” Neighborhood search: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Appendix A “Choice of present neighborhood

## Index-10 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## and neighborhood search,” and “Reasons for leaving previ

ous unit” Neighborhood shopping: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services” Never occupied: See “Duration of vacancy” New construction 4 years: A column heading in all tables, Appendix A “Year structure built” New housing units: See Appendix A “Housing units” Nights owner rented/spent at extra unit: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Extra unit” No cash rent: See “Monthly housing costs” and “Monthly housing costs as percent of current income” Noise nearby: See “Neighborhood conditions/services” and “Building neigh bor noise” Noninterview: See Appendix A “Noninterview,” Appendix B “Noninterview adjustment” Nonmetropolitan area: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Metropolitan areas” Nonrelatives, former home: See “Previous home owned or rented by someone who moved here” Nonrelatives in home: See “Persons” Nonsampling error: See Appendix D “Errors” Northeast: A column heading in most tables, vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Regions” Number of cases: See Appendix B “Sample size” Number of regular mortgages and home-equity mortgages: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Number of regular mortgages and home-equity mortgages” Number of single children under 18 years old: com parisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “House

hold composition” Occasional use: A column heading in chapter 1 (Vacant), Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Occupancy prohibition caused move: See “Rea sons for leaving previous unit” Occupied housing units: See Appendix A “Occu pied housing units” Occupied previously: See “Previous occupancy” Ocean nearby (body of water): See “Bodies of water within 300 feet” Odors: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services” Off-street parking: See “Selected amenities” Oil, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Oil, use of: See “Fuels” Older people: See “Elderly” One-family homes: See “Units in structure” One-family homes, choice of: See “Home search” One-family homes, former home: See “Persons—previ

ous residence” Open space nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Opinion of home: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Appendix A “Overall opinion of structure” Opinion of neighborhood: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Overall opinion of neighbor hood” Origin: See Appendix A “Race and Hispanic origin” Other activities on property: owners 3-14, Appendix A “Other activities on property” Other bothersome neighborhood conditions: com parisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Neigh

borhood conditions and neighborhood services” Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed within 300 feet: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Other buildings van

dalized or with interior exposed” Other central air fuel: See “Fuels” Other heating equipment: See “Heating equipment” Other house heating fuels: See “Fuels” Other housing costs per month: owners 3-13, Appendix A “Other housing costs per month” Outhouse: See Appendix A “Means of sewage disposal” Outside building conditions: See “External building conditions”
Oven: See “Equipment” Overall opinion of neighborhood: See “Opinion of neighborhood” Overall opinion of structure: See “Opinion of home” Own never married children under 18 years old: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Household composi tion”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Index-11 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Owner-occupied: See “Tenure” Owner-occupied, former home: See “Tenure of previous unit” Owner or manager (lives) on property (rentals): vacant homes 1-6, renters 4-7, Appendix A “Owner or man

ager on property” Ownership sharing: See “Cost and ownership sharing” Pacific Islander: See “Race and Hispanic origin” Paint, peeling: See “Selected deficiencies” Park or open space nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Parking for this home: See “Selected ameni ties” Parking lots: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Parking lots” Partners sharing occupancy: See “Persons” Patio: See “Selected amenities” Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Payment plans of primary and secondary mortgages” Peeling paint: See “Selected deficiencies” Pensions: See “Income” People, as neighborhood problem: See “Neighborhood conditions/services” People nearby (reason to live here): See “Neighborhood search” People per room/per bedroom: See “Persons per room” and “Persons per bed r oom” Percent of nonrefinanced primary mortgage, includ

ing home equity lump-sum, used for home pur chase and improvement: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Percent of nonrefinanced primary mortgage, including home equity lump-sum, used for home purchase and improvement” Percent of primary mortgage refinanced cash used for home additions, improvements, or repairs: own ers 3-15, Appendix A “Percent of primary mort gage r efi

nanced cash used for home additions, improve ments, or repairs” Permanent residence, last used as a: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Vacancy, sea sonality”
Persons: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Household,” “Population in housing units,” and “Persons other than spouse or children” Persons 65 years old and over: comparisons 2-9, own

ers 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Elderly” Persons

— previous residence: comparisons 2-10, own

ers 3-10, renters 4-10, Appendix A “Persons—previous residence” Persons per room: comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3, Appendix A “Per sons per r oom” Persons per bedroom: comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3, Appendix A “Persons per bedroom” Phone: See “Selected ameni ties” Physical problems: See “Selected physical problems” Piped water: See “Plumbing” Pipes leaked: See “Water leakage during last 12 months” Place: See Appendix A “Place” Place size: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Place size” Plaster, broken: See “Selected deficiencies” Plumbing: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Plumbing facilities” Plumbing problems: See “Selected physical problems” Police protection: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Neighborhood conditions and neighbor

hood services” Poor home, compared to previous: See “Recent mover comparison to previous home” Poor home, rating of: See “Opinion of home” Poor neighborhood: See “Recent mover comparison to previous neighborhood” Poor neighborhood, rating of: See “Opinion of neigh borhood” Population in housing units: See “Household composi

tion by age of householder,” Appendix A “Population in housing units” Population of places: See “Place” Porch: See “Selected amenities” Poverty: See “Below poverty level” Present units: See Appendix A “Present and previ ous units” Previous home: See Appendix A “Present and previous units” Previous home owned or rented by someone who moved here: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Appendix A “Previous home owned or rented by someone who moved here”

## Index-12 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Previous home’s householder: See “Household moves and formation in last year” Previous occupancy: comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, rent

ers 4-2, Appendix A “Previous occupancy” Price of home: See “Purchase price of home” Primary mortgage: See “Mortgages currently on property” Primary source of water: vacant homes 1-4, compari

sons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Primary source of water” and “Water supply stoppage” Principal amount: See “Mortgage, total outstanding prin

cipal amount” Principal and interest, cost of: See “Monthly payment for principal and interest” Principal in monthly payment: See “Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages” Private mortgage insurance: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Items included in pri mary mortgage payment” and “Private mortgage insurance” Problems, outside: See “External building conditions” Propane (bottled gas), cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Propane (bottled gas), use of: See “Fuels” Property insurance: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters 4-13, Appendix A “Property insurance” Property tax: See “Items included in primary mortgage payment” Public assistance (welfare): See “Income” Public elementary school: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, see Appendix A “Public elementary school” Public housing: See “Rent reductions” Public services: See “Choice of present neighborhood” and “Neighborhood conditions/services” Public transit (reason to live here): See “Choice of pres

ent neighborhood” Public transportation: See “Choice of present neighborhood” Purchase price of home: own ers 3-14, Appendix A “Purchase price” Quality: See “Selected amenities,” “Selected physical prob

lems,” and “Opinion of neighborhood” Quality, compare previous and present home: See “Recent mover comparison to previous home” Quality of construction (reason to live here): See “Choice of present home” Questionnaire: See Appendix A “Ques tionnair e” Race and Hispanic origin: comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Race and Hispanic origin” Railroad, airport, or highway nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Ranch income: See “Income” Ranch or open space nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Rating of home: See “Opinion of home” Rating of neighborhood: See “Opinion of neighborhood” Ratio of (house) value to current income: owners 3-14, Appendix A “Ratio of value to current income” Ratio of loan to value: See “Cur r ent total loan as percent of value” Ratio of monthly housing cost to current income: See “Monthly housing costs as percent of current income”
Rats: See “Selected deficiencies” Real estate taxes: owners 3-13, Appendix A “Real estate taxes” Reason primary mortgage refinanced: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Reason primary mortgage refinanced” Reasons extra unit owned: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Extra unit” Reasons for leaving previous unit: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Appendix A “Reasons for leav

ing previous unit” Recent mover comparison to previous home: compari

sons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Appendix A “Recent mover comparison to previous home” Recent mover comparison to previous neighbor

hood: comparisons 2-11, owners 3-11, renters 4-11, Appendix A “Recent mover comparison to previous neighborhood”
Recent movers: See Appendix A “Recent movers” Recreation (reason to live here): See “Choice of present neighborhood” Recreation rooms: See “Selected amenities” Refrigerator: See “Equipment” Regions, four parts of United States: A column head

ing in most tables, vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Regions”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Index-13 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Relatives, former home: See “Persons—previous residence” Relatives in home: See “Persons” Relatives nearby (reason to live here): See “Choice of present neighborhood” Remaining years mortgaged: See “Mortgaged, remain

ing years” Rent, contract: See “Monthly housing costs” Rent control: See “Rent reduc tions” Rent, gross: See “Monthly housing costs” Rent, land: See “Monthly hous ing costs” Rent paid by lodgers: comparisons 2-13, owners 3-13, renters 4-13, Appendix A “Rent paid by lodgers” Rent reductions: renters 4-12, Appendix A “Rent reductions” Rent to current income ratio: See “Monthly housing costs as percent of cur r ent income” Rental income: See “Income” Rental vacancy rate: A column heading in chapter 1 (Vacant), Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Rented or sold: A column heading in chapter 1 (Vacant), Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Renter maintenance quality: renters 4-7, Appendix A “Renter maintenance quality” Renter-occupied: See “Tenure” Renter-occupied, former home: See “Tenure of previous residence” Renter’s insurance: See “Monthly housing costs” Repairs caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previ ous unit” Replacements and additions: See Appendix A “Repairs and replacements” Response error: See Appendix D “Wrong answers” Reverse annuity mortgages: See “Mortgages currently on property,” Appendix A “Reverse annuity mortgages” RHS/RD (Rural Housing Service/Rural Development Mortgage): See “Mortgages, types of” River nearby (body of water): See “Bodies of water within 300 feet” Rodents (rats): See “Selected deficiencies” Roof condition: See “External building conditions” Roof leaked: See “Water leakage during last 12 months” Rooming houses: See Appendix A “Housing units”
Rooms: vacant homes 1-3,1-6, comparisons 2-3, 2-7, owners 3-3, 3-7, renters 4-3, 4-7, Appendix A “Rooms” and “Selected amenities” Rooms used for business: comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3, Appendix A “Rooms used for business” Rooms without electric outlets: See “Selected deficiencies” Routine maintenance in last year: See “Maintenance cost” Running water: See “Plumbing” Rural Housing Service/Rural Development Mortgage (RHS/RD): See “Mortgages, types of” Safety Equipment: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Safety equipment” Safety of primary source of water: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Source of drinking water” Salaries: See “Income” Sale of previous home: See “Major source of down payment” Sample: See Appendixes A and B “Sample size,” Appendix B “Sample selec tion,” and Appendix D “Err ors” Savings for down payment: See “Major source of down payment” School commuting caused move: See “Reasons for leav

ing previous unit” Schools: See “Neighborhood conditions/services,” Appendix A “Schools” Schools nearby (reason to live here): See “Choice of present neighborhood” Search for home: See “Home search” Seasonal (home): A column heading in chapter 1 (Vacant), Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Secondary families: See “Persons” Secondary mortgage: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Payment plans of primary and secondary mortgages” Secured communities: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Secured communities” Secured multiunits: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, rent

ers 4-8, Appendix A “Secured multiunits”

## Index-14 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Selected amenities: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Appendix A “Selected ameni ties” Selected deficiencies: vacant homes 1-6, compari

sons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Appendix A “Selected deficien cies” Selected physical problems: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Appendix A “Physical problems

— severe” and “Physical problems

— moderate” Self-amortizing mortgage payments: See “Payment plan of primary and secondary mortgages” Seller financing: See “Lenders of primary and secondary mortgages” Senior citizen communities: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Senior citizen com munities” Senior citizens: See “Persons 65 years old and over” Separated, caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previ

ous unit” Septic tank: See “Sewage disposal” and “Sew age disposal breakdown” Septic tank stoppage: See “Sew age disposal br eakdown” Sewage disposal: vacant homes 1-4, comparisons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Means of sewage disposal” and “Sew age disposal br eakdown” Sewage disposal breakdown: comparisons 2-6, own

ers 3-6, renters 4-6, Appendix A “Sewage disposal breakdowns” Sewer breakdown: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Appendix A “Means of sewage disposal” and “Sew age disposal breakdowns” Sex of householder: See “Household composi tion by age of householder” Shared cost: See “Cost and ownership sharing” Shared ownership: See “Cost and ownership sharing” Shopping: See “Neighborhood shopping” Shower or bathtub: See “Plumbing” Siding condition: See “External building con ditions” Single children under 18 years old: See “Own never married children under 18 years old” Single family, former home: See “Persons—previous residence” Single family homes: See “Units in structure” Single family homes, choice of: See “Choice of present home” Single people: See “Household composition by age of householder” Sink, kitchen: See “Equipment” Site placement, manufactured/mobile homes: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Appendix A “Site placement” Size of building: See “Units in structure” Size of building, former home: See “Structure type of previous residence” Size of group of manufactured/mobile homes: See “Manufactured/mobile homes in group” Size of home: See “Square footage of unit” Size of home, moved to: See “Choice of present home” and “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Size of home (reason to live here): See “Choice of pres

ent home” Size of household: See “Household composition by age of householder” Size of household, former home: See “Persons—previ

ous residence” Size of lot: See “Lot size” Slab foundation: See “Foundation” Social security: See “Income” Solar energy, use of: See “Fuels” Sold: See “Rented or sold” Source of drinking water: comparisons 2-4, owners 3-4, renters 4-4, Appendix A “Source of drinking water” Source of water, primary: See “Primary source of water” Source of water, safety of: See “Safety of primary source of water” South: A column heading in most tables, vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Regions” Special living: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Appendix A “Special or assisted living” Spouse: See Appendix A “Household composition” Square feet (of home) per person: comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3, Appendix A “Square feet per person” Square footage of unit: vacant homes 1-3, comparisons 2-3, owners 3-3, renters 4-3, Appendix A “Square footage of unit”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Index-15 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## SSI (supplemental security income): See “Income” Standard error: See Appendix D “Errors” State housing subsidy: See “Rent reductions” State mortgage program: See “Lower cost state and local mortgages” Steam heat: See “Heating equipment” Stoppage, heating or toilet: See “Heating problems,” “Flush toilet breakdowns,” “Selected physical problems” Stoppage, water supply or sewage system: See “Water supply stoppage,” “Sewage disposal breakdown” Store in building: See “Other activities on prop erty” Store nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Stories between main and apartment entrances: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Appendix A “Stories between main and apartment entrances” Stories in structure: vacant homes 1-2, comparisons 2-2, owners 3-2, renters 4-2, Appendix A “Stories in structure” Stove, cooking or heating: See “Equip ment” Street noise or traffic: comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Neighborhood conditions and neighborhood services” Street repairs needed: See “Conditions of streets within 300 feet” Streets, trash on: See “Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties within 300 feet” Structure type of previous residence: comparisons 2-10, owners 3-10, renters 4-10, Appendix A “Struc tur e of previous residence” Subfamilies: See “Persons” Subsidized mortgages: See “Lower cost state and local mortgages” Subsidized rentals: See “Rent reductions” Subsidy for food: See “Food stamps” Substandard: See “Selected deficiencies” and “Selected physical problems” Suburbs: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Suburbs” Suitability for year-round use: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Supplemental security income (SSI): See “Income” Taxes in monthly payment: See “Items included in pri

mary mortgage payment” Taxes (real estate), cost of: See “Annual taxes paid per $1,000 value” and “Real estate taxes” Telephone: See “Selected amenities” Temperature, cold indoor: See “Heat ing pr oblems” Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF): See “Income”
Tenure: A column heading in most tables, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Tenure” Tenure, moved to change: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Tenure of previous residence: comparisons 2-10, own

ers 3-10, renters 4-10, Appendix A “Tenure of previous unit” Term of primary mortgage at origination or assump

tion: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Term of pri mary mortgage at origination or assumption” Time sharing: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Toilet stoppage: See “Flush toilet breakdowns” Total home-equity line-of-credit limit: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Total home-equity line-of-credit limit” Total outstanding line-of-credit loans: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Total outstanding line-of-credit loans” Total outstanding principal amount: See “Mortgage, total outstanding principal amount” Traffic nearby: See “Neighborhood conditions/services” Trailer (manufactured/mobile homes): A column head

ing in most tables, vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Housing units” and “Manufactured/mobile homes” Trailer (manufactured/mobile homes), former home: See “Structure type of previous residence” Trailers (manufactured/mobile homes), choice of: See “Choice of present home” Transit, public (reason to live here): See “Choice of present neighborhood” Trash compactor: See “Equipment” Trash, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties within 300 feet: vacant homes 1-6, comparisons 2-8, owners 3-8, renters 4-8, Appendix A “Neighborhood condi

-

## Index-16 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## tions and neighborhood services,” “Trash, litter, or junk on streets or any properties within 300 feet” Triplexes: See “Units in structure” Trucks: See “Cars and trucks available” Trucks, traffic nearby: See “Neighborhood conditions/ services” Types of mortgages: See “Mortgages currently on property” Uncomfortably cold: See “Heating problems” Under-coverage of sample: See Appendix D “Errors” Unfit for occupancy caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previous unit” Units in structure: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Units in structure” Units using each fuel: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Appendix A “Fuels” Upkeep (maintenance cost): See “Change in housing costs” and “Monthly housing costs” Upkeep problem: See “Selected physical problems” URE (usual residence elsewhere): A column heading in chapter 1 (Vacant), Appendix A “Vacancy, sea sonality” Utilities, cost of: See “Monthly housing costs” Utilities interruption, heat: See “Heat ing pr oblems” VA (Veterans Administration): See “Mortgages, type of” Vacancy rate, rental: See “Rental vacancy rate” Vacancy units: See Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Vacant, seasonal: vacant homes 1-1, Appendix A “Vacancy, seasonality” Value (of home): owners 3-14, Appendix A “Value” Value to current income ratio: See “Ratio of (house) value to current income” Vandalized buildings: See “Other buildings vandalized or with interior exposed” Vans, kept at home: See “Cars and trucks” Verification of income: See “Rent reductions” Vermin (rats): See “Selected deficiencies” Veterans Administration mortgages: See “Mortgage, type of” View attractive (reason to live here): See “Choice of present home” Wages: See “Income” Wall, interior (open cracks or holes inside): See “Selected deficiencies” Wall, leaks in: See “Water leakage during last 12 months” Wall, outside conditions of: See “External building conditions” Washing machine: See “Equipment”
Water cost: See “Monthly housing costs” Water, drinking: See “Source of drinking water” Water heating fuel: vacant homes 1-5, comparisons 2-5, owners 3-5, renters 4-5, Appendix A “Fuels” Water leakage during last 12 months: comparisons 2-7, owners 3-7, renters 4-7, Appendix A “Physical prob

lems” and “Water leakage during last 12 months” Water plumbing: See “Plumbing” Water, primary source of: See “Primary source of water” Water supply stoppage: comparisons 2-6, owners 3-6, renters 4-6, Appendix A “Water supply stoppage” Water systems: See “Primary source of water” Water well: See “Primary source of water” Wealth: See “Income” Weights: See Appendix B “Estimation for AHS-National” Welfare: See “Income” Well, water: See “Primary source of water”
West: A column heading in most tables, vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Regions” White alone: See “Race and Hispanic origin” Widowed, caused move: See “Reasons for leaving previ

ous unit” Window bars: See “External building conditions” Window leaks: See “Water leakage during last 12 months” Windows, barred nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Windows, broken: See “External building conditions” Winter, heating breakdowns: See “Heat ing pr oblems” Wiring, concealed: See “Selected deficiencies”
Women: See “Female” Wood fuel, use of: See “Fuels” Wood stoves: See “Equipment”

## American Housing Survey for the United States: 2009 Index-17 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau 

## Woods or open space nearby: See “Description of area within 300 feet” Wrap-around mortgage: See “Mortgage origination” Yard attractive (reason to live here): See “Choice of present home” Year householder immigrated to the United States: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Citizenship” Year householder moved into unit: comparisons 2-9, owners 3-9, renters 4-9, Appendix A “Year householder moved into unit” Year last occupied: See “Last used as permanent residence” Year primary mortgage originated: owners 3-15, Appendix A “Year primary mortgage originated” Year-round use: See “Suitability for year-round use” Year structure built: vacant homes 1-1, comparisons 2-1, owners 3-1, renters 4-1, Appendix A “Year structure built” Year unit acquired: owners 3-14, Appendix A “Year unit acquired” Young people: See “Household composition by age of householder” Zero income: See “Monthly housing costs as percent of current income” and “Ratio of (house) value to current income” Contents Index for Table Numbers and Appendixes 1