II 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 4140 

To require the Secretary of Energy to identify, analyze, and share available 

data for the purpose of improving the reliability and resilience of the 

electric grid, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

APRIL 17, 2024 

Mr. HEINRICH (for himself, Mr. WYDEN, and Mr. PADILLA) introduced the 

following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

A BILL 

To require the Secretary of Energy to identify, analyze, 

and share available data for the purpose of improving 

the reliability and resilience of the electric grid, and 

for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Grid Reliability and 

5 Integrated Data Act of 2024’’ or the ‘‘GRIData Act of 

6 2024’’. 

7 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—In this Act: 


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1 (1) CUSTOMER AVERAGE INTERRUPTION DURA2 TION INDEX; CAIDI.—In accordance with IEEE 

3 1366, the term ‘‘Customer Average Interruption Du4 ration Index’’ or ‘‘CAIDI’’ means the average num5 ber of minutes per sustained interruption experi6 enced by customers per year. 

7 (2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 

8 means the Department of Energy. 

9 (3) ENERGY COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘energy 

10 community’’ has the meaning given the term in sec11 tion 45(b)(11)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 

12 1986. 

13 (4) IEEE 1366.—The term ‘‘IEEE 1366’’ 

14 means the standard published by the Institute of 

15 Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards As16 sociation entitled ‘‘IEEE Guide for Electric Power 

17 Distribution Reliability Indices’’ and numbered 1366 

18 (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act). 

19 (5) INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING.—The 

20 term ‘‘integrated resource planning’’ means mod21 eling and evaluating how projected long-term elec22 tricity demands (such as electricity demands over pe23 riods of 5, 10, 20, or more years) within a service 

24 area can be met with a combination of electric gen25 eration resources that best achieve desired metrics, 


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1 such as metrics relating to reliability, resilience, and 

2 cost. 

3 (6) MOMENTARY AVERAGE INTERRUPTION FRE4 QUENCY INDEX; MAIFI.—In accordance with IEEE 

5 1366, the term ‘‘Momentary Average Interruption 

6 Frequency Index’’ or ‘‘MAIFI’’ means the average 

7 number of momentary interruptions experienced by 

8 customers per year. 

9 (7) MOMENTARY INTERRUPTION.— 

10 (A) IN GENERAL.—In accordance with 

11 IEEE 1366, the term ‘‘momentary interrup12 tion’’ means a brief loss of power, as deter13 mined by the applicable electric utility, subject 

14 to subparagraph (B). 

15 (B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘‘momentary 

16 interruption’’ does not include a loss of power 

17 lasting more than 5 minutes. 

18 (8) RELIABILITY.—The term ‘‘reliability’’, with 

19 respect to the electric grid, means the ability of the 

20 electric grid or the components of the electric grid 

21 to withstand instability, uncontrolled events, cas22 cading failures, or unanticipated loss of system com23 ponents. 

24 (9) RESILIENCE.—The term ‘‘resilience’’, with 

25 respect to the electric grid, means the ability of the 


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1 electric grid or the components of the electric grid 

2 to adapt to changing conditions and withstand and 

3 rapidly recover from disruptions, including disrup4 tions caused by extreme weather conditions or 

5 emerging threats. 

6 (10) RESOURCE ADEQUACY.—The term ‘‘re7 source adequacy’’ means the adequate supply and 

8 provision of electricity from various electric genera9 tion resources to meet projected electricity demands 

10 in a service area. 

11 (11) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ 

12 means the Secretary of Energy. 

13 (12) SUSTAINED INTERRUPTION.—In accord14 ance with IEEE 1366, the term ‘‘sustained interrup15 tion’’ means an interruption in power service lasting 

16 more than 5 minutes. 

17 (13) SYSTEM AVERAGE INTERRUPTION DURA18 TION INDEX; SAIDI.—In accordance with IEEE 

19 1366, the term ‘‘System Average Interruption Dura20 tion Index’’ or ‘‘SAIDI’’ means the average number 

21 of minutes of sustained interruption per customer 

22 per year. 

23 (14) SYSTEM AVERAGE INTERRUPTION FRE24 QUENCY INDEX; SAIFI.—In accordance with IEEE 

25 1366, the term ‘‘System Average Interruption FreVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:03 Apr 26, 2024 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S4140.IS S4140

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1 quency Index’’ or ‘‘SAIFI’’ means the average num2 ber of sustained interruptions per customer per year. 

3 (b) DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITY; LOW-INCOME

4 COMMUNITY; RURAL AREA.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall define 

6 the terms ‘‘disadvantaged community’’, ‘‘low-income 

7 community’’, and ‘‘rural area’’ for purposes of this 

8 Act. 

9 (2) REQUIREMENT.—In carrying out paragraph 

10 (1), the Secretary shall take into consideration, as 

11 applicable, the following: 

12 (A) The definition of the term ‘‘disadvan13 taged community’’ in each of— 

14 (i) section 6001 of the Omnibus Pub15 lic Land Management Act of 2009 (16 

16 U.S.C. 1015); and 

17 (ii) section 50121(d) of Public Law 

18 117–169 (commonly known as the ‘‘Infla19 tion Reduction Act of 2022’’) (42 U.S.C. 

20 18795(d)). 

21 (B) The definition of the term ‘‘low-income 

22 community’’ in each of— 

23 (i) section 11406(a) of the Infrastruc24 ture Investment and Jobs Act (23 U.S.C. 

25 149 note; Public Law 117–58); and 


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1 (ii) section 45D(e) of the Internal 

2 Revenue Code of 1986. 

3 (C) The definition of the term ‘‘rural area’’ 

4 in each of— 

5 (i) section 609(a) of the Public Utility 

6 Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 

7 918c(a)); 

8 (ii) section 343(a) of the Consolidated 

9 Farm and Rural Development Act (7 

10 U.S.C. 1991(a)); and 

11 (iii) section 6702(a) of title 49, 

12 United States Code. 

13 SEC. 3. IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS, AND SHARING OF 

14 DATA. 

15 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall work with ap16 propriate entities, as necessary, to identify, analyze, and 

17 share available data in a manner necessary— 

18 (1) to inform and improve the reliability and re19 silience of the electric grid, especially in rural areas, 

20 low-income communities, disadvantaged commu21 nities, and energy communities; and 

22 (2) to improve long-term reliability assessments, 

23 resource adequacy models, and integrated resource 

24 planning. 

25 (b) DATA IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS.— 


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1 (1) RELIABILITY AND RESILIENCE DATA.— 

2 (A) TYPES OF RELIABILITY AND RESIL3 IENCE DATA.—In identifying and analyzing rel4 evant data under subsection (a), the Secretary 

5 shall consider the types of data to be shared, 

6 including— 

7 (i) existing IEEE 1366 reliability 

8 data and metrics, including— 

9 (I) the System Average Interrup10 tion Duration Index (SAIDI); 

11 (II) the System Average Inter12 ruption Frequency Index (SAIFI); 

13 (III) the Customer Average 

14 Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI); 

15 (IV) the Momentary Average 

16 Interruption Frequency Index 

17 (MAIFI); and 

18 (V) any other reliability data or 

19 metric defined in IEEE 1366, as the 

20 Secretary determines to be appro21 priate; and 

22 (ii) any new or modified data or met23 ric, as the Secretary determines to be ap24 propriate. 


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1 (B) TEMPORAL FREQUENCY OF RELI2 ABILITY AND RESILIENCE DATA.—In identifying 

3 and analyzing relevant data under subsection 

4 (a), the Secretary shall consider— 

5 (i) the temporal frequency of the pro6 duction or collection of that data— 

7 (I) to inform the reporting and 

8 dissemination of information relating 

9 to the reliability and resilience of the 

10 electric grid on an annual basis, espe11 cially in rural areas, low-income com12 munities, disadvantaged communities, 

13 and energy communities; and 

14 (II) to the maximum extent prac15 ticable, to inform customers experi16 encing power outages of anticipated 

17 recovery times on a real-time basis, 

18 such as through the Outage Data Ini19 tiative Nationwide (ODIN) program 

20 of the Department; and 

21 (ii) any other considerations relating 

22 to the temporal frequency of the produc23 tion or collection of that data, as the Sec24 retary determines to be appropriate. 


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1 (C) SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF RELIABILITY

2 AND RESILIENCE DATA.—In identifying and 

3 analyzing relevant data under subsection (a), 

4 the Secretary shall consider— 

5 (i) the spatial resolution of that data, 

6 with a goal— 

7 (I) to inform the reporting and 

8 dissemination of information relating 

9 to the reliability and resilience of the 

10 electric grid on an annual basis, espe11 cially in rural areas, low-income com12 munities, disadvantaged communities, 

13 and energy communities; and 

14 (II) to the maximum extent prac15 ticable, to inform customers experi16 encing power outages of anticipated 

17 recovery times on a real-time basis, 

18 such as through the Outage Data Ini19 tiative Nationwide (ODIN) program 

20 of the Department; and 

21 (ii) any other considerations relating 

22 to the spatial resolution of that data, as 

23 the Secretary determines to be appropriate. 

24 (2) WEATHER DATA.—In identifying and ana25 lyzing relevant historical or simulated future weather 


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1 data required for long-term reliability assessments, 

2 resource adequacy models, and integrated resource 

3 planning under subsection (a), the Secretary shall, 

4 as necessary, work with National Laboratories, the 

5 National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Na6 tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and 

7 other agencies or entities to consider— 

8 (A) the type of data, which shall include 

9 meteorological variables that have significant 

10 impact on— 

11 (i) generation, transmission, storage, 

12 or distribution availability; or 

13 (ii) electricity demand; 

14 (B) the representativeness of the data, 

15 with a goal to approximate actual conditions as 

16 closely as reasonably possible with representa17 tiveness validated and uncertainty quantified; 

18 (C) the spatial resolution of observational 

19 data, with a goal to provide weather data over 

20 a grid with 2 kilometer spacing or smaller; 

21 (D) the frequency of the data, with a goal 

22 to report weather data not less frequently than 

23 hourly, and preferably every 15 minutes; and 

24 (E) the duration of the data, with a goal 

25 for the data to be— 


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1 (i) chronologically consistent, com2 plete, and span at least a 30-year period; 

3 and 

4 (ii) updated periodically, as deter5 mined by the Secretary. 

6 (3) POTENTIAL DATA NEEDS.—In identifying 

7 and analyzing relevant data under subsection (a), 

8 the Secretary shall consider potential future needs, 

9 including— 

10 (A) emerging technologies that employ ma11 chine learning or artificial intelligence for the 

12 purposes of improving— 

13 (i) the reliability and resilience of the 

14 electric grid, especially in rural areas, low15 income communities, disadvantaged com16 munities, and energy communities; and 

17 (ii) long-term reliability assessments, 

18 resource adequacy models, and integrated 

19 resource planning; 

20 (B) the changing mix of energy generation 

21 resources and demands on the electric grid, in22 cluding energy efficiency as a resource; 

23 (C) the security and costs associated with 

24 collecting and sharing those data; and 


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1 (D) ways to mitigate risks and cost im2 pacts to utilities associated with data collection 

3 and sharing. 

4 (4) METHODS AND PLATFORMS.—In identifying 

5 and analyzing relevant data under subsection (a) 

6 with consideration of the factors described in para7 graphs (1) through (3), the Secretary shall consider 

8 the available methods and platforms for acquiring 

9 and sharing the data, including— 

10 (A) existing surveys, such as the surveys 

11 carried out using Form EIA–861 of the Energy 

12 Information Administration; 

13 (B) existing data sharing platforms, such 

14 as— 

15 (i) the Open Energy Data Initiative of 

16 the Department; 

17 (ii) the Outage Data Initiative Na18 tionwide (ODIN) program of the Depart19 ment; 

20 (iii) the U.S. Energy Atlas of the En21 ergy Information Administration; 

22 (iv) the Wind Data Hub of the Pacific 

23 Northwest National Laboratory; and 


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1 (v) the National Solar Radiation 

2 Database of the National Renewable En3 ergy Laboratory; and 

4 (C) other methods and platforms, as the 

5 Secretary determines to be appropriate, includ6 ing automated data collection methods. 

7 (c) DATA AND INFORMATION SHARING.— 

8 (1) REPORT.— 

9 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 

10 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec11 retary shall submit to Congress and make pub12 licly available a report that summarizes the 

13 findings from the activities conducted under 

14 subsection (b). 

15 (B) REQUIREMENT.—The report under 

16 subparagraph (A) shall provide recommenda17 tions on the data types, spatial and temporal 

18 resolution, collection methods, and sharing plat19 forms that will better assist utilities, regulators, 

20 National Laboratories, academic institutions, 

21 and associated agencies and entities in improv22 ing long-term electric reliability, resilience, re23 source adequacy modeling, and integrated re24 source planning. 


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1 (C) CONSIDERATION OF COSTS AND SECU2 RITY RISKS.—To the extent practicable, the re3 port under subparagraph (A) shall consider 

4 costs and potential security risks associated 

5 with data collection and sharing, with the goal 

6 of minimizing costs and maximizing privacy and 

7 security, as needed. 

8 (2) WEBSITES.— 

9 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 

10 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 

11 the Secretary shall identify existing websites ad12 ministered by the Department or entities fund13 ed by the Department, including websites of the 

14 Energy Information Administration or the Na15 tional Laboratories, or establish new websites, 

16 to share available data in a manner identified 

17 under subsection (b) and reported under para18 graph (1). 

19 (B) PREFERENCE.—To improve accessi20 bility and standardization, the Secretary, in 

21 carrying out subparagraph (A), shall give pref22 erence to fewer centralized and integrated 

23 websites with appropriate links and references, 

24 as necessary, rather than to multiple inde25 pendent websites. 


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1 (C) UPDATES.—The websites described in 

2 subparagraph (A) shall be updated as needed, 

3 as determined by the Secretary. 

4 (d) STEERING COMMITTEE.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 

6 a steering committee comprising a group of stake7 holders, including, as the Secretary determines to be 

8 appropriate— 

9 (A) representatives from relevant Federal 

10 agencies, such as— 

11 (i) the Office of Science and Tech12 nology Policy; 

13 (ii) the Office of Electricity of the De14 partment; 

15 (iii) the Office of Energy Efficiency 

16 and Renewable Energy of the Department; 

17 (iv) the Office of Cybersecurity, En18 ergy Security, and Emergency Response of 

19 the Department; 

20 (v) the Energy Information Adminis21 tration; and 

22 (vi) the Federal Energy Regulatory 

23 Commission; 

24 (B) representatives of regulators and elec25 tric power sectors, such as— 


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1 (i) the North American Electric Reli2 ability Corporation; 

3 (ii) the National Association of Regu4 latory Utility Commissioners; 

5 (iii) State utility commissioners; 

6 (iv) grid asset owners and operators 

7 from the investor-owned utility segment; 

8 (v) grid asset owners and operators 

9 from the public power segment; 

10 (vi) grid asset owners and operators 

11 from the cooperative segment; and 

12 (vii) the Institute of Electrical and 

13 Electronics Engineers; and 

14 (C) subject matter experts. 

15 (2) PURPOSE.—The steering committee estab16 lished under paragraph (1) shall help inform and 

17 guide the development and goals of the activities 

18 carried out under subsection (a) by identifying prior19 ities for the identification, analysis, sharing, and use 

20 of data under that subsection, such as— 

21 (A) customer affordability; 

22 (B) feasibility; 

23 (C) the leveraging of existing capabilities 

24 to minimize duplication of effort; and 


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1 (D) the protection of sensitive data or in2 formation. 

3 (3) APPLICABILITY OF FACA.—Chapter 10 of 

4 title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as 

5 the ‘‘Federal Advisory Committee Act’’), shall not 

6 apply to the steering committee established under 

7 paragraph (1). 

8 (e) RESPONSIBILITIES AND COSTS.— 

9 (1) COLLABORATION.—In administering the ac10 tivities described in subsections (a) through (d), the 

11 Secretary may work with utilities, electric coopera12 tives, National Laboratories, and other agencies and 

13 entities, as the Secretary determines to be appro14 priate. 

15 (2) AVOIDANCE OF ADDITIONAL COSTS.—In ad16 ministering the activities described in subsections (a) 

17 through (d), the Secretary shall use amounts appro18 priated under subsection (f) to avoid imposing addi19 tional costs on electric cooperatives, utilities, and as20 sisting entities. 

21 (3) ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS.—The Secretary 

22 may establish new programs to carry out the activi23 ties described in subsections (a) through (d), as nec24 essary, using amounts appropriated under subsection 

25 (f). 


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1 (4) SAVINGS PROVISION.—Nothing in this Act 

2 precludes a State from continuing to collect, or add3 ing to, specific data required to be submitted to a 

4 State agency. 

5 (f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

6 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 

7 out this section $10,000,000 for the first fiscal year begin8 ning after the date of enactment of this Act, to remain 

9 available until expended. 

Æ 


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