| The              Library of Congress>>Especially              for Researchers>>Research              Centers   Home >> Country             Studies >> South AfricaFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress PagesA Country Study: South Africa**Library of Congress Call Number DT1719                   .S67 1997**- South                       Africa  ForewordAcknowledgments
- Preface  Table                       A. Selected Acronyms and ContractionsTable                       B. Chronology of Important Events
- Country                       Profile    - Country  GeographySociety
- Economy  Transportation                           and TelecommunicationsGovernment                           and Politics
- National                           Security   Introduction- Chapter                       1 - Historical Setting  (William H. Worger)                          - Southern                           African Societies to ca. 1600      - The                               Earliest South Africans  The                               Arrival of Bantu-Speaking AfricansEarly                           European Settlement
Origins                               of Settlement
- Establishing                               a Slave Economy  Emergence                               of a Settler SocietyThe                           Rise of African States
Background                               to the Mfecane
- Shaka                               and the Rise of the Zulu State  Swazi,                               Sotho, and Ndebele StatesThe                           Expansion of European Settlement
British                               Colonialism
- The                               Great Trek  The                               Voortrekker Republics and British PoliciesIndustrialization                           and Imperialism, 1870-1910
The                               Mineral Revolution
- Africans                               and Industrialization    - African                                   Enterprise  Extending                                   European ControlAfrican                                   Initiatives
- British                               Imperialism and the Afrikaners    - Minerals                                   and the Growth of Boer-British Antipathy  The                                   South African WarMilner's                                   Peace
- Formation                               of the Union of South Africa, 1910   Segregation,                           1910-48- Building                               the Legal Structure of Racial Discrimination  Formation                               of the African National Congress, 1912World                               War I and Afrikaner Nationalism
- Conflict                               in the 1920s  The                               Great Depression and the 1930sThe                               Impact of World War II
- The                               1948 Election   Apartheid,                           1948-76- The                               Legislative Implementation of Apartheid    - Separating                                   Black from White  Separate                                   and UnequalSecurity                                   Legislation
- White                                   Politics   Black                               Resistance in the 1950s- The                                   Congress Youth League and the Programme of Action  The                                   Congress of the People and the Freedom CharterThe                                   Pan-Africanist Congress and Sharpeville
- Consolidating                               Apartheid in the 1960s    - The                                   ANC and the PAC Turn to Violence  Consolidating                                   ApartheidThe                               Rise of Black Consciousness
Steve                                   Biko and the South African Students' Organisation
- Soweto,                                   1976    Government                           in Crisis, 1978-89- The                               Contradictions of Apartheid  Divisions                               in the White CommunityLimited                               Reforms
- Dismantling                           Apartheid, 1990-94    - The                               Quest for Peace  "Irreversible                               Progress" Toward DemocracyPreparing                               for Elections
Chapter                       2 - The Society and Its Environment
 (Robert Thornton                       and Rita M. Byrnes)                       
Physical                           Setting
Geographic                               Regions
- Lakes                               and Rivers  Climate                               and RainfallEnvironmental                               Trends
- Population    - Size                               and Growth  DistributionEthnic                           Groups and Language
Language                               Groups
- Nguni    - Zulu  SwaziXhosa
- Ndebele   Sotho- Northern                                   Sotho  Southern                                   SothoTswana
- Tsonga                               and Venda    - Tsonga  VendaAfrikaans                               Speakers
Afrikaners
- "Coloureds"   English                               Speakers- "Europeans"  AsiansKhoisan
- Religion    - Historical                               Background      - African                                   Religions  The                                   Arrival of Christianity Religion                               and Apartheid
Dutch                                   Reformed Churches
- Other                                   Religious Organizations   Zion                               Christian ChurchIslam
- Education    - Early                               Development  Education                               under Apartheid- The                                   Bantu Education Act  Soweto                                   and Its AftermathThe                               School System in the 1990s
- Higher                               Education   Health                           and Welfare- Incidence                               of Disease  Acquired                               Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Health                               Care Services
- Social                               Welfare    - Disabilities                                   and the Aged  RefugeesNarcotics
- Women                           in Society    - Women                               and Apartheid  Women                               in the 1990s- Chapter                       3 - The Economy  (Nancy L. Clark)                          - Historical                           Development  Postapartheid                           ReconstructionStructure                           of the Economy
Gross                               Domestic Product
- External                               Debt  InflationEconomic                               Distortions and Apartheid
- Role                           of the Government    - Legal                               Restrictions  ParastatalsBudgets
- Foreign                           Trade and Investment    - Foreign                               Trade  InvestmentBalance                               of Payments
- Employment                           and Labor    - Labor                               Force  Labor                               and PoliticsEducation                               and Employment
- Extractive                           Industries    - Gold  Diamonds                               and PlatinumFerrous                               and Nonferrous Metals
- Energy                               Minerals and Petroleum   Agriculture,                           Forestry, and Fishing- Crops  LivestockForestry
- Fishing   Manufacturing- Electric                               Power  Heavy                               IndustryChemicals                               Industry
- Consumer                               Goods   Transportation                           and Telecommunications - Railroads  Ports                               and ShippingRoad                               System and Transport
- Civil                               Aviation  PipelinesTelecommunications                               and Postal Service
- Environmental                           Protection and Tourism    - Environmental                               Protection  TourismBanking                           and Currency
Banking
- Currency   Growth                           Trends and Potential- Chapter                       4 - Government and Politics  (Joshua Sinai)                          - System                           of Government      - Historical                               Background  Constitutional                               ChangeThe                               Interim Constitution
- Executive                               and Legislative Authority    - The                                   President  The                                   CabinetParliament
- Volkstaat                                   Council   Provincial                               and Local GovernmentDrafting                               a Final Constitution
- The                           Legal System    - The                               Apartheid-Era Legal System  The                               New Legal SystemPolitical                           Participation
The                               1994 Elections
- Political                               Parties    - African                                   National Congress   South                                   African Communist PartyNational                                   Party
- Inkatha                                   Freedom Party  Freedom                                   FrontOther                                   Political Parties
- Interest                               Groups    - Afrikaner                                   Broederbond  United                                   Democratic FrontMass                                   Democratic Movement
- Trade                                   Unions   Political                               ElitesCommunications                           Media
Radio                               and Television
- Newspapers,                               Magazines, and Journals    Foreign                           Relations- Relations                               with African States    - Botswana  LesothoSwaziland
- Zimbabwe  NamibiaMozambique
- Zambia  AngolaKenya
- Nigeria   Relations                               with Non-African States- United                                   States  European                                   UnionRussian                                   Federation
- Iran  IsraelRelations                                   with Other Countries
- International                           Organizations      - Chapter                       5 - National Security  (Joseph P. Smaldone)                            - Historical                           Background        - Precolonial                               Warfare  Early                               Development of the South African Military- Ground                                   Forces  Air                                   and Naval ForcesRise                               of the Security Establishment
National                                   Security Management System
- Specialized                                   Forces  Homeland                                   MilitariesWomen                               in the Military
- Global                           and Regional Issues    - Arms                               Trade and the Defense Industry      - Growth                                   of the Defense Industry  Defying                                   International EmbargoesNuclear,                               Chemical, and Biological Weapons
- Regional                               Issues   Constitutional                           and Legal FrameworkMilitary                           Organization
Army
Integrating                                   Armies in the 1990s
- The                                   New Face of the Army   Air                               ForceNavy
- Medical                               Service  Uniforms,                               Ranks, and InsigniaMilitary                               Intelligence and Intelligence Coordination
- Defense                           Budget  Internal                           Security- Police    - Early                                   Development  The                                   Police in the 1990sCrime                               and Violence
Community                                   Response
- Government                                   Response   Prison                               SystemPenal                               Code
- Human                           Rights and National Reconciliation      - Appendix.                       Tables    BibliographyGlossary

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