## Page 1 of 10

November 13, 2015

U.S. Department of Transportation

Docket Operations


## 1200 New Jersey Ave., SE Washington, DC 

## 20590 

# AERO-PIC PHOTOGRAPHY

Post Office Box 600582, Jacksonville, FL 32260

Phone (904) 647-7683/ E-Mail: photos@aeropicphoto.com**~** ... .....J



## Re: Submission of Request for Determination under Section 333 of the FAA Modernization· : and Reform Act and Exemptions under 

## 14 C.F.R. Section 

## 11.81 o**L~,..,t**


## Dear Sir or Madam:

Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 

## 2012 ("FMRA"), I,

Michael T. O'Brien hereby request a determination by the Secretary of Transportation authorizing conduct of commercial operations of its UAS for the purposes of photography, videography, inspection of infrastructure, surveying, construction progress, advertising, mapping and photogrammetry, precision agriculture, and scientific, environmental research 

## &

UAV flight instruction. Pending a grant of exemption, I will provide a broad spectrum of safe,

low cost, aerial solutions. I will be using UAS manufactured by 3D Robotics (3DR). Operations

will be conducted within and under the safeguards outlined herein and as may be established by the FAA under FMRA Section 333(c).

I also petition for exemptions as necessary to effect the determination requested pursuant to
FMRA Section 333. The attached documentation includes detailed exemption requests that

demonstrate how these reasons for exemptions request (RFER) are in the public interest and

will maintain at least an equal level of safety to existing regulations.

RFER: Authorizing Aero-Pic, Inc. to conduct commercial UAS operations would enhance community education and awareness of UAS. Further, operation of my UAS in these

commercial operations are less disruptive, safer, and more cost effective than manned aviation equivalents due to the low altitude environment, given the size, speed and inherent risk of

traditional commercial helicopter operations. These commercial operations often occur in the
unsafe areas of the height-velocity diagram requiring special precision and skill. I will conduct

the commercial UAS operations in a manner that will meet, and in many cases exceed, the

current level of safety of commercial helicopter operations. I will employ UAS that are under 

## 1 0 lbs, have a low noise signature, and carry no volatile fuel. The lower expense of operation compared to cost prohibitive manned aviation alternatives will allow a greater economic benefit

to businesses. For these reasons, granting an exemption under FMRA Section 333(c) is in the public interest. UAS technology used for these commercial purposes benefit the public interest

in the following ways:

## Page 2 oflO



## • Reduces the collateral damage risks to life and property associated with low altitude helicopter operations in undesirable portions of the height-velocity envelope.

•Increased public awareness regarding safe and responsible utilization of UAS.

• Increased economic wellbeing to local businesses via cost reductions.

• Enabling aerial business solutions to be available to a larger market.

• More efficient and frequent inspection of infrastructure due to reduced cost.

I would appreciate your careful consideration in granting this Section 333 of the FAA

Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 exemption to Aero-Pic, Incorporated, P.O. Box 600582, Jacksonville, FL 32260.

Table of Contents

I. Regulations

- Exemptions Requested

II. Commercial Operation/Operator

Ill. Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)

IV. UAS Pilot-in-Command (PIC)

V. Public Interest

VI. Summary

VII. Appendix A

- 

# XB+ Operating Documents

I. Regulations

- Exemptions requested

Pursuantto 14 C.F.R 

## § 11.81(e), I, Michael 

## T. O'Brien, President of Aero-Pic, Inc. seek exemption for Aero-Pic, Inc. from the below mentioned regulations and provide reason as to why the exemption should be approved based on the level of safety at least equal to that of

which the rules require.

•14 C.F.R. Part 21 Subpart 

## H- Airworthiness Certificates

o Establishes: The procedural requirements for the issuance of airworthiness
certificates as required by 14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.203(a)(1)

RFER: Given the small size of the UAS and the safeguards that will be taken as outline below

, an exemption from Part 21 Subpart H meets the requirements of an equivalent level of safety under Part 11 and Section 333 of the FMRA with consideration**~~of** 

## the size, weight, speed, operational capability, and proximity to airports and populated areas of the particular UAS."

•14 C.F.R. 

# § 45.23(b)- Aircraft Marking and Identification Requirements

o When marks include only the Roman capital letter "N" and the registration

number is displayed on limited, restricted or light-sport category aircraft or experimental or provisionally certificated aircraft, the operator must also display

on that aircraft near each entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or pilot station, in letters\



### Page 3 of 10



## not less than 2 inches nor more than 6 inches high, the words "limited," "restricted," "light-sport, "experimental," or "provisional," as applicable.

RFER: My UAS will ensure compliance with 

# § 45.29(f) to meet the intent of the regulation by displaying the registration number in the largest practicable lettering.

• 14 C.F .R. 61.113 (a)(b) and 61.133(a)(1 )(ii)

- Private and Commercial Pilot Privilege

and Limitations

o 14 C.F.R. 

# § 61.113: (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this section, no person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as pilot in

command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation

or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of

an aircraft. (b) A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in

command of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment

o 14 C.F.R. 

# § 61.133: (a) Privileges- (1) General. A person who holds a commercial pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft- (ii) For compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part

and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to the operation.

RFER: Currently, there are no applicable areas identified for UAS in either the private or the

commercial sector and therefore an exemption is required to conduct commercial operations. As flight operations will be conducted with an abundance of caution following the procedure outline below, my operations will achieve an equivalent level of safety for each individual flight especially when compared to commercial flights

identified in Part 61 when originally developed. My operation will be conducted with pilots who hold, at a minimum, a private pilot certificate of any category. I, Michael T. O'Brien,

a licensed private pilot, will oversee the Aero-Pic, Inc. UAS program.

•14 C.F.R. 91.7{a)- Civil Aircraft Airworthiness

o No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition.

RFER: Currently there is no airworthiness certificate for 3DR UAS. Daily pre and post flight inspections will be accomplished in accordance with manufactures maintenance manual(s) and guidance. During flight, the PIC will adhere to§ 91.7(b) and abort air operations immediately upon identification of an in-flight emergency or other unsafe

condition. By complying with procedures outlined by the manufacturer, an equivalent

level of safety will be achieved.

•14 C.F.R. 91.9{b) Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements

o (b)(2) prohibits operation of U.S.- registered civil aircraft unless there is available

in the aircraft a current approved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual, approved

manual material, markings, and placards, or any combination thereof.

RFER: By keeping all operating documents, manuals, authorizations and exemptions in a binder co-located with the GCS, I can meet the intent of the regulations and therefore achieve

an equivalent level of safety.

•14 C.F.R. 91.109{a)- Flight Instruction

### Page4 of 

## 10

o No person may operate a civil aircraft (except a manned free balloon) that is being

used for flight instruction unless that aircraft has fully functioning dual controls.



## RFER: The majority of UAS by design are developed with single operational control through

the use of pre-determined GPS enabled waypoints programmed before or during flight in

addition to the use of a single hand held transmitter or control station controlled by the

PIC. The design does not allow for dual controls during flight training and therefore the exemption is requested to train operators, build experience, and maintain proficiency. An equal level of safety will be achieved by conducting all training in STILE environment. Training sessions will be accomplished separately from flights conducted for compensation or hire.



## •14 C.F.R. 91.119 (c)- Minimum Safe Altitudes

o Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may operate an aircraft

below the following altitudes: (b) Over any congested area of a city, town, or settlement, or over any open air assembly of persons, an altitude of 1,000 feet

above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet of the aircraft. (c) Over other than congested areas. An altitude of 500 feet above the surface,
except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft

may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or

structure. (d) Helicopters, powered parachutes, and weight-shift-control aircraft. If

the operation is conducted without hazard to persons or property on the surface- (1) A helicopter may be operated at less than the minimums prescribed in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, provided each person operating the helicopter complies with any routes or altitudes specifically prescribed for helicopters by the

FAA.

RFER: Commercial UAS operations will be conducted at or below 400 ft. AGL Given the size, weight and lack of fuel; combined with operation limitations listed below, the operation

will be conducted with a greater level of safety than exists with current manned aviation operations.



## • 14 C.F .R. 91.121

- Altimeter Settings

o Each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight

level of that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set,
when operating.


## RFER: UAS are equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS), which provide altitude and geo-location data to the operator without utilizing an altimeter. Due to this fact, an exemption is required. GPS are precise within a few feet and combined with fail-safes

and a visual observer the operation will meet an equivalent level of safety.



## •14 C.F.R. 91.151(a)- Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFR Conditions

o No person may begin a flight in an airplane under VFR conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly to
the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed- (1) During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes;


## RFER: This regulation is written based on the capabilities of a traditional aircraft, which have flight times of several hours or greater; therefore, with the majority of UAS which have flight

### Page 5 of 10



## times of only an hour or less, this regulation would effectively deny the ability of the air vehicle

to operate. The 3DR UAS display a visual and emit an audible low battery alert at 25% at

which time the UAS will automatically engage the landing sequence. Based upon that safeguard and the small operational area in VLOS, the operation can meet an equivalent level

of safety.



## •14 C.F.R. 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(2) and 91.417(a) 

## & (b)- Maintenance Inspections

o 

## 91.405(a) States: Each owner or operator of an aircraft-( a) Shall have that

aircraft inspected as prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this chapter

o 

## 91.407(a)(1) States: (a) No person may operate any aircraft that has undergone maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration unless-(1) It has

been approved for return to service by a person authorized under§ 43.7 of this chapter

o 

## 91.409(a)(2) States: (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, no

person may operate an aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months, it

has had-(2) An inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness certificate in

accordance with part 21 of this chapter. No inspection performed under paragraph (b) of this section may be substituted for any inspection required by this paragraph unless it is performed by a person authorized to perform annual inspections and is entered as an "annual" inspection in the required maintenance

records.

o 

## 91.417(a) 

## & (b) 

## States: (a) Except for work performed in accordance with §§

91.411 and 91.413, each registered owner or operator shall keep the following

records for the periods specified in paragraph (b) of this section: (paragraphs 1 (i -iii), 2 

## (i- vi)); (b) The owner or operator shall retain the following records for

the periods prescribed: (paragraphs 1- 3)

RFER: Because 3DR UAS at present do not have airworthiness certificates, these regulations

do not apply and therefore an exemption is required. Pre/Post flight inspections and

maintenance will be conducted in accordance with the manufacturer's guidance as stated

in the operations manual. In addition, to meet the intent of these regulations, I will maintain daily logs of pre and post flight inspections. If maintenance is required, a dedicated test flight

will be conducted to ensure safety before resuming commercial operations. All inspection,

maintenance and alterations 

## will be documented and maintained in a record. These actions will

meet the intent of the regulations from which exemption is being requested and lead to an equivalent level of safety.

## •

Page 6 of 10



## II. Commercial Operator/Operation Initially, I will be the sole operator of the exempted UAS, with subsequent hiring of employees

to follow. I have approximately thirty-two years of experience in aviation operating in restricted

and tactical airspace supporting military and civilian operations. I've held a private pilot certificate, airplane, single-engine land since 1985. I request that my future employees be
exempt from§ 61.113 (a} and (b) allowing operations of my UAS for compensation or hire, possessing a private pilot certificate. A private pilot certificate will demonstrate a safe and equivalent level of aeronautical safety, judgment, security and responsibility to operate AeroPic, Inc. UAS.

For each flight, my employees or 

## 1:

• Will contact the controlling air traffic organization to issue a NOT AM where necessary for

safe flight.

• Will obtain a preflight briefing from a pilot briefer, DUATS, or similar means.

• Will conduct a comprehensive worksite inspection and analysis, identifying limits of

customer property or authorized access areas.

• Will conduct preflight planning in accordance with Section 91.103 Preflight Action.

• Will operate in those areas only with the consent of the landowner or designated representative.

• Will identify potential obstructions or other hazards to safe operation.

• Will clear the area of personnel or bystanders that are non-essential to the operation, maintaining at a minimum, 500 feet away from non-participating persons.

• Will conduct a preflight safety briefing to Visual Observer (VO) and participating

persons.

• Will at all times yield to manned air traffic.

• Will operate within VLOS of both PIC and VO.

• Will maintain voice communications with VO and participating persons.

• Will operate under Class D visual flight rules, defined as 500 feet below and 2000 feet

horizontal from clouds with a minimum of 3 statute miles of visibility.

• Will not exceed an altitude 400 feet AGL as determined by the installed GPS.

• Will keep operating documents, manuals, authorizations and exemptions in a binder

collocated with the GCS.

• Will immediately terminate flight, in the safest manner possible, when safety to persons

or property become compromised.

• Will terminate flight, in the safest manner possible, when unable to comply with these

limitations or any other limitations granted as part of this exemption.

RFER: In order to remain at an altitude at or below 400 feet AGL, relief is needed from Section

91.119 (c) and (d). By following these operating standards, the commercial operation will meet

an equivalent level of safety to the regulation in which relief is sought.

## •

Page 7 of 10



## Ill. Unmanned Aircraft System

I seek an exemption to operate the 3DR line of UAS. The X8+ is the primary aircraft in our operation for which we seek exemption. We will be acquiring the 3DR IRIS+, X8-M and Aero-M 

# " UAS at a later time and so wish to include those platforms in this exemption as well. T)le 3DR
UAS utilize a common autopilot system and common ground control station software (GCS).

The UAS will be flown via a combination of RC control, Tablet GCS, or PC-based GCS. The X8+, IRIS+ and X8-M are GPS equipped, multirotor helicopters. The IRIS+ is a quad-type utilizing four rotors. The X8+ and X8-M is a quad-type utilizing eight rotors in an "X" configuration. The Aero-M is a GPS equipped, lightweight, foam, fixed wing aircraft with a ·minimum airspeed of 22 MPH and a max airspeed of 45 MPH. The UAS are powered by lithium-polymer batteries. The UAS will carry Go Pro and other small point and shoot cameras.
The X8+ UAS have the capability to land at its current location with a dedicated switch. The
UAS also has several fail-safes for loss of RC signal, loss of GPS, and low battery as outlined

in the respective Operation Manuals. The UAS display a visual and emit an audible low battery

alert at 25% at which time the UAS will automatically engage the landing sequence. Based

upon that safeguard, I request exemption from Section 91.151(b) Fuel requirements for flight in

VFR conditions. The UA also has a geofence function, which will be programmed for a maximum altitude of 400 feet AGL and within the lateral boundaries of the worksite. The UAS

will rely on GPS to determine altitude and speed. Given the aircraft will be operated within
VLOS with the aid of aVO, I believe the operation can be conducted with an equivalent

amount of safety and therefore request exemption from Section 91.121. Given the size, weight, speed, and controlled operating area associated with the UAS to be utilized, an exemption

from 14 CFR part 21, Subpart H (Airworthiness Certificates) and§ 91.203 (a) and (b) is requested. I seek exemption from § 45.23 Marking of the aircraft. 

## The UA will display the registration number in the largest practicable lettering as to be issued by the FAA. We wish to
be exempt from§ 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(2) and 91.417(a) and (b). Maintenance inspections 

## will be conducted according to operations manual and prudent judgment as previously outlined to determine the integrity and safety of the UAS and associated equipment. Further, I require relief from 91.7(a), which prohibits the operation of an aircraft without an airworthiness certificate and 91.9(b) (2) requiring an approved flight manual in the aircraft. The
UAS will not be operating with an airworthiness certificate therefore, this would be inappropriate. The UAS are too small to carry the operating documents so an equivalent

amount of safety can be achieved through keeping the operating documents and manuals at
the GCS.

# ..

Page 8 of 10



## IV. UAS Pilot in Command (PIC) Under§ 61.113 (a) and (b) private pilots are limited to non-commercial operations, however I

can ensure my operation will achieve an equivalent level of safety as current regulation

because my UAS do not carry any pilots or passengers. A commercial pilot certificate will not

ensure RC piloting ability, as the psychomotor skills are different. The inherent risks of operating a UAS are far less than in the commercial activities outlined in 14 CFR part 61, et

seq., thus I request an exemption from § 61.113 

## Private Pilot Privileges and Limitations: Pilot

in command. All UAS PICs will have logged, in accordance with 61.51 (b), appropriate training

on the UA consisting of 25 hours as UAS rotorcraft, 10 hours multi rotor UAS or 25 hours as
UAS airplane, 10 hours single-engine as appropriate. PICs will maintain recent flight
experience on the UAS. Training and experience flights will be conducted separate from

commercial operations.

PIC Training will consist of:

• Pre-flight Tasks

o Assembly and inspection of UAS

o Set-up and configuration of RC radio and GCS

o System checks

**~**



## • Mission Tasks

o Takeoff and landing

o Manual flight modes

o Autonomous flight modes

o Emergency Procedures

• Post-flight Tasks

o Inspection

o Shutdown

o Disassembly

• Other Tasks

o Regulations

o Operating limitations

o Flight planning

## Page 9 of 10



## V. Aero-Pic 

# & Public Interest

Aero-Pic was established in 1950 by my father, Vernon Travis O'Brien (Commercial Pilot

License No. 1227777). I, Michael Travis O'Brien (Private Pilot License No. 262254249) joined Aero-pic in 1983 earned my pilots license in 1985. In 1988 my brother, Stephan George

O'Brien joined Aero-Pic and earned his pilot certificate in 1990 (Private Pilot License No.

264354321 ). We are professional aerial, commercial and industrial photographers. Given all of

the flight time logged, we have never had any incidents or accidents. Aero-Pic's offices were based on Jacksonville International Airport for 36 years. And as Aero-Pic has been based in

the northeast Florida region for over 65 years where we have Jacksonville International Airport,
Cecil Commerce Center which was previously a Navy Master Jet Base, JaxEx Craig Municipal Airport, Herlong Airport along with three military bases, NAS Jacksonville, Mayport NAS and

Whitehouse we are extremely well versed with the rules, regulations and understand the operations of class C 

## & D airspace and very comfortable with working with ATC. One of our major accounts is BAE Systems Southeast Shipyards where we have been cleared to shoot

aerial 

## & commercial photography on Navy vessels at Mayport NAS as well as work on commercial vessels. These photo shoots have generally have been done from helicopters but

would have been more suitable to the altitudes of a drone allowing for better close-up images

and a lower cost to the customer. Additionally, we do contract photography for the Jacksonville Airport Authority and have flown aerial photography in these restricted airspaces for years of

course all the while in constant contact with ATC. Given our unique location with so many airports in the region, if we ever have the need to fly our UAS within these airport areas we would be in touch with A TC for permission/clearance prior to the flight to include location of the flight, altitude to be flown and the duration of the flight. And again to emphasize the UAS would

never exceed an altitude of 400 feet AGL

Given the above stated history of Aero-Pic, evidence, procedures, and precautions; I feel that operating my UAS commercially for the purposes of photography, videography, inspection of infrastructure, surveying, mapping and photogrammetry, precision agriculture, forensic and

scientific 

## & environmental research will ultimately be in the public interest. These operations,

when executed with prudence, will exceed the current level of safety as the regulations from

which I seek exemption. My operation will allow greater access to commercial aerial services

that were not previously economically feasible for many firms. This will provide a much needed

economic uplift to the community and hence the public. My operation will be conducted with

less risk of collateral damage to persons and property while limiting disruptive noise pollution

associated with low altitude aviation operations.

A major factor to consider regarding the public interest is the current state of UAS operations in

the US. As a manned aviator, the need to integrate UAS into the national airspace system in a safe, deliberate manner, is always at the forefront of my mind. While not all, many individuals operate UAS and model aircraft in a reckless manner out of either ignorance or carelessness,

as evidenced by the increasing reports of manned-unmanned incursions and incidents. As the technology becomes more readily available, the challenges will intensify. By allowing

commercial operations, it will enable communities to become educated in the proper use of this technology. Granting my exemption will result in a direct extension of these efforts, which is in

the public interest.

# ..

Page 10 of10



## VI. Summary

Pursuant to Section 333 of PL 112-95 commonly known as the "FAA Modernization and

Reform Act of 2012", Aero-Pic, Inc., hereby applies for authorization to conduct commercial

unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operations for the purposes of photography, videography, inspection of infrastructure, surveying, mapping and photogrammetry, precision agriculture,

and scientific & environmental research.

Rules in which I seek exemption:

• 14 C.F.R. Part 21 Subpart H

• 14 C.F.R. 

## § 45.23(b)

•14 C.F.R. 

## § 61.113 and 61.133(a)(1)(ii)

• 14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.7(a)

• 14 C.F.R. 91.9(b)

•14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.103

•14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.109(a)

•14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.119

• 14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.121

•14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.151(a)

• 14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.405(a)

•14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.407(a)(1)

• 14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.409(a)(2)

•14 C.F.R. 

## § 91.417(a) 

# & (b)

Throughout this exemption request, I have shown how my expertise and knowledge with UAS technology will ensure the public's best interest is at hand and how my operation will aid in safely integrating civil UAS into the national airspace system.

Aero-Pic, Incorporated



# Aero-Pic Photography

CUSTOM AERIAL&: COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SINCE 1950

# . Meetthexs+

Thank you for purchasing an 

### XB•!

The X8 is a powerful octocopter platform for aerial video.

Review this manual in 

### its entirety before your first flight.

Additional instructions can be found in the X8 infonnation
portal at 30R.com!XB/info.

Happy flying!



### -----~·



# Contents

Parts 2

Setup 4 Assembly 

### 4

Ground Station 

### 5

Power Management 7 Charging 8 Safety 8
Controller Battery 9 Powering the X8 

### 10 Connecting to a Ground Station 11

Flight Basics 

### 12 Safety 

### 12 Operating Umits 13
Controls 

### 14

Modes 

### 17

Return to Launch 

### 19

Failsafes 

### 20

Status Indicators 

### 22 **,-..........4~-~,---·**

**---~.,..,.,.,.,...,-~--** 

### -- 

## --.

**~- -~~--.,~-"~**  ,,.., **--~~-;;;.....** 

# ____ _

Flight Procedures 

### 24

Takeoff 

### 24 Landing 

### 26 Monitoring 

### 27

Missions 

### 28 Planning 

### 29 Saving 30 Initiating 

### 31 Ending 

### 31

Appendix 

### 32 Troubleshooting 

### 32

Maintenance 

### 32 Specs 

### 33
Resources 34

# . Ground Station

A ground station is a laptop or tablet running an ArduPi!ot-compatible mission control application.

In the field, a ground station helps you monitor the X8 during flight, plan missions, and troubleshoot issues. We recommend using a ground station at all times with the X8.

To set up a ground station, choose a platform below and visit 3DR.comldownload_sottwsre to install
the application. 

# e II II

DroidPianner 2 Mission Planner APMPianner

Android Windows OSX

Important Note About Vehicle Setup in Mission Planner and APM Planner:
Your X8 has been pre-configured at the factory and is ready to fly. Re-performing the
calibrations on the lnltfal Setup screen, including the mandatory hardWare configurations

and setup wizard, can adversely affect the performance of your aircraft.

iOS? ·There are currently no ground station applications available for iOS.



# Power**Mana~ement**

The X8 is powered by a rechargeable lithium polymer (UPo) battery. When fully charged, the battery provides up to 15 minutes of flight time depending on payload,
environmental conditions, and flying style. Aying with a gimbal, GoPro, and FPV system can reduce flight time by up to 5 minutes. Aying aggressively or in high winds

can affect power consumption and reduce flight time. Monitor power consumption using the flight data display on the controller (press and hold the ON button).

When the battery reaches the low voltage limit, the X8 will initiate a low battery failsafe
and land automatically at the current position. (See page 20 for more information about failsafes.) To avoid a low battery failsafe, monitor battery voltage during flight on the
controller's flight data display, and end your flight before the battery reaches the low voltage limit.



# ,--. flight battery level

Full battery: 16.8 V
Low battery limit: 14 V Press and hold the ON
button to view flight data.



# J

.&, End your flight at 14.1 V.

• 11- flight battery mAh consumed since armed Controller

Controller Right Data Display: Screen 1 Another way to monitor power consumption is by using milliamp-hours (mAh).

Monitor the mAh on the controller, and ensure that it does not exceed 8,000

mAh (80% of the battery's available capacity). Exceeding 8,000 mAh can render the battery permanently unusable.

Do not exceed 8,000 mAh for a fully charged X8+ battery. 6

7

## Chan~in~

Charge the battery before your first flight!



### 1 Connect the charger to the power adapter cable and a wall outlet. Connect the red cable to the + port and the black cable to the

- 

### port.

Charger with power cable and spUt-wire charging cable



### 3 Connect the white connector to the 48 

### port, and join the two yellow connectors together.

4S

Right battery charging wiring



# Controller Battery 2

Set the charger to UPo and 3A

UPo 3A

Charger settings

4 

### Secure the battery inSide the guard bag,
and charge until the 

### status indicator d"ISplays 

### green. 

# •

Charging



# ~· Complete

Cha'lling in process 

# Safety

· flyir1Q. with 

## 8: lovv battery is a safety



### riskand 

### can render

**~he** battety 

# i:iStrna:i)eirtiY unuSable. 

### AlWays fly



## . ·With a

**tuny~arged** tiattery.

Charge the bl;lttery using a.designated
UPo 

# balai1ce charger only. 

### A.Jv'.niys
·monitor 

## the tiattery\vhile charging. 

## Prb1eiit the battery from 

### ext:reine · heat,

**~Xtreme** cold; pune;tl.lnng, and 

### !18tnhiim1e surfilci§S; 

### 'AlWays 

### transport' charge, 

## :arid store 

### the battery in the QUafdbag

...

Inspect the battery for damage before
arid a:tter 

### flying: If you obsenie any ,$Welling 

## ottl!e

**pac~ge** ()r .1he t>attery 

## ' :ceases to :(i.n'lcltlon, 

## do t\C>t.use 

### .tlie)!; •



# ;!,~~~~~~' trash;.: · ·

The controller is powered by 8 AA batteries Qncluded). The controller's flight data display allows you to monitor the voltage of the controller. When fully charged, the controller will diSplay 12 V; when completely

out of charge, the controller will display 9 V. Replace the batteries when the controller displays 9.1 V. 

### Press and hold 

### the ON button to view flight data.

Con!JO!Ier



### ----f> controller battery level (9-12 V)

Controller Flight Data Display. Screen 1 Replace controller batteries at 9.1 V. 8

9theXSFollowthesestepstopowertheX8.1Turnonthecontroller.EnsurethattheswitchesaresettoCH7OFF,STD,andRTLOFF.RCcontrollerCH7swltch2ModeswitchRTLswhchJointheyellowconnectoronthebatterywiththeyellowconnectorontheX8;thiswillpowerontheX8.KeeptheX8stillandlevelwhileitpowersonandInitializesthesensors.CheckthestatusLED;whenitdisplaysblinkingblue,thesensorshavecompletedInitializationandyoucanmovethexa.StatusLEDindicators:eeeeInitializing,keepstillandleveloeoeX8:Connectbattery,keeplevelwhileInitializing3WhentheinitializationprocessIscomplete,turnoverthexaandsecurethebatterytotheundersideofthevehicleusingthevelcrostraps.Xa:Securebattery10InitializingcompleteA·ttImportanttoestablish.·.communlcatiqnbeforepowering''·.onttiexa.Alwaysturnonthe.'Controllerbeforeconnectingthe'battery.Whenpoweringoffthe.xa,disconnectthebatterybefore.turning·offtheconti'QIIer.··toaGroundStationToconnecttheXBtoagroundstation,connectthegroundstationradiotoyourlaptoportablet,andpowertheX8.Laptop(MissionPlanner/APMPlanner)12.,ConnectthegroundstationradiotoyourlaptopusingtheUSBadapter.OpenMissionPlannerorAPMPlanner.Select57600andAUTO,thensalectCONNECT.(WhanconnectingdirectlytoPixhawk'smicro-USBport,settherateto115200.)Groundstationlaptopwithradioconnected3SelectFlightDatatoviewlivedatafromtheX8.MissionPlannerConnecttool(top-rightcomer)••MissionPlannerFlightDatatab:connectedtoaircraftTablet(DmldPianner)1ConnecttheblueandoftheAndroidadaptertoyourdeviceandtheblackendtotheradio.Groundstationtabletwithradioconnected2SelectConnect.11DroidPianner:ConnectIcon11'

## €fi~llt=Baiics:-Safetp

To ensure safe and successful flying, always fly in accordance

with your location regulations and these best operating practices.

Before you fly, determine the boundaries of your safe flying 

### area. If the X8 moves outside the designated area or exhibits instability

in flight, switch to standard mode and land the X8 manually.

The X8 will not avoid obstacles on its own, including during

missions. As the operator, it's your job to recognize and avoid

obstructions while flying. AJways be ready to regain manual

control of the X8 in the event of an unsafe situation.**t:=ocation~**

Always fly below 400 ft (120 m) and within your visual line of sight. Don't let the X8 get too far

away from you; make sure you can always see its

orientation. Don't fly in low light, heavy wind, rain,

or other conditions that might impede visibility.

## tOper:atirr¢tim~

Always fly within the X8's operating limits.

# ~**~~~~~~~de*****~-.=-- 100m~~---**  ..

# -~-~

# ~**~ ~~~e·** **~** _ ·-----300m (984ft) from launch point--. •

# ~**G~ ~~----**  GPS lock

# ~~:ed at all times 

# J

# ~~':'~..::""" fl;ght 

## tim•

# 15m;"----------~.....,**~ayload** capacity

_ 800 g (l71bs) 

# _j

-while geofence enabled (default) 

# 0

100ft (]Om)

Propellers



# •••• AJways fly at least 1 00 feet (30 m)

away from people, vehicles, and buildings. Make the safety of people

and property your first priority!

AJways fly at least 

### 5 miles (8 km)

away from airports and other 

### areas where pilots operate manned aircraft.

Spinning propellers 

### can cause serious injury. The safety

button indicates the status of the motors to help you prevent hazardous 

### contact with the X8's high-speed propellers.

• When the 

# xa is powered on, the safety

button will blink red, indicating that the

motors are inactive and the propellers are safe to handle.

• When you're ready to fly, press and hold the safety button until it shows solid red. This

indicates that the motors are active and the propellers 

### can spin if armed. To make the propellers safe to handle again, press and

hold the safety button until it blinks red. 12

1314ControlsManeuvertheX8inflightusingthecontroller'stwojoysticks.ThrottleMovetheleftstickverticallytocontrolaltitude.To-offoodto®0gainaltitude,raisethethrottlestickslightlyabovecenterposition.leftstick:throttle&yawrightstick:pitch&roll..........................................,...,,..,...........................................................tocentertomaintainthecurrentaltitude.IIAIISetthefrlotlle''""_((·\0...........................................Lowerthethrottlestickbelowcentertodecreasealtitude.........................................Setthethrottlestick0fullydowntolandoncethexaisafewInchesabovetheground.L>;.*"!'-1-r...:{51YawMovetheleftstickhorizontallytorotatetheXBandchangeorientation.Foraslowrotation,movethestickslightlyawayfromthecenterineitherdirection.Movingthestickfartherfromthecentercreatesafasterrotation.Movethesticktothelefttorotatecounterclockwise.Movethesticktotherighttorotateclockwise.leftstick00''''"''""""""""""''''''''"'"'"••••"""''•••••""'"""'"""'""'"'"""""""'"P''""...,...,"""........."""""""""'..""Releasethestickto®·0stoprotatingandmaintainthecurrentorientation.c;._-..Q'.,..P.<?&,,0,,.15.1&PitchandRollTherightstickallowsyoutocontroltheX8'spositionintheair.MovetherightsticktotelltheX8tomoveinthatdirection:forward(towardthebluearms),back(towardtheblackarms),left(towardtheleftarms),orright(towardstherightarms).HowfaryoumovethestickfromthecenterbeforereleasingittellstheX8howfasttomove.Movetherightstickforwardtoflyforward.Movetherightstickbacktoflybackward.Movetherightsticklefttoflyleft.Movetherightstickrighttoflyright.rightstick00........................................0........................................0FlightTip·....··.·..•·.··...>·•··.·.............·...............··.··.·······•·•...........•>·.··.··.·TheX8movesaccordingto'ItsTt:iebh.)eaimsfacefor.Wa,tc:;l;·and•theblackarmsfaoebackward.ri.liJf'ltsUc.k,UseyawtQkeeptheX6.fi:IGingin..•·.•·outwar<:l.orientationso.thattheblacKarmsf!i\C\3toV.iardsyol).andthebluearti'lsl:l(ldface.·trpmyou.····················.··A'I'1ttloais:JTheX8includesthreeflightmodes:manualflight(STD-altitudehold),hovermode(LTR-Iolter),andmissionflight(AUTO).Usetheswitchonthesideofthecontrollertoselectafllohtmode.(altitudeholdmode)STOflymanuallyInstandardtoselectaltitudeholdmode,andflymanuallyusingthecontroller.LTRhoverSelectloitertohoverinplaceautomatically.UsethecontrollertoadjusttheX8'spositionthenreleasethestickstoholdthatposition.LoiterIsagreatwayforbeginnerstolearnhowtofly!Ifyou'renewtoflying,startyourfirstflightinloiterInsteadofstandard.4..Toavoidsuddenchangesinp.ltitude,setth\!1throttlestlc!<tocenterpositionbeforeswitchingmodes;··•..Includingin.theevent.ofaGPSfailsafe.Seepage.formoreInformationatx)\,11failsafes;....17/:/utamodeflyamissionSelectautomodetoflyanautonomousmission.TheXSwillautomaticallyflytheseriesofwaypointssavedtotheautopilot.SeetheMissionssectiononpage28forinstructionson.··..•A.·obnotactlvateautomodeA.totheX8'.•."..,........;.......·...;··..·,··"··......GimbalcontrolTILTtiltthecameraupanddownmissions.ConnectaTarotGimbal{soldseparately),andusetheTILTknobtocontroltheangleofthecamerainflight.Visit3DR.com/X81infoforinstructions./}Land\1CH7'16landatthecurrentpositionSettheCH7switchtoONtoendyourflightandlandatthecurrentposition.Onceyouactivateland,setthethrottlestickfullydown,andtheXBwillauto·.maticallydisarmafterlanding.TheX8willnotdisarmautomaticallyunlessthethrottlestickissetfullvdown.Repositionduringlanding:Duringlanding,usetherighto.Q0stickonthecontrollertoadjusttheXS'sposition.·llliatom:to:t:auncft1landatthelaunchpointSettheRTLswitchtoONtoendyourflightandreturntheX8tothelaunchpointautomatically.OnceyouactivateRTL,setthethrottlestickfullydown,andtheX8willautomaticallydisarmafterlanding.TheX8willnotdisarmautomaticallyunlessthethrottlestickissetfullydown.EnsurethattheRTLswitchissettoOFFbeforetakeoff.-:..WhencommandedtoRTL,the'X8will:1Achieveminimumaltitudeof15m(50ft)ormaintaincurrentaltitudeIfabove15m.2Movetolaunchpointandloiterfor5seconds.3Landatlaunchpoint.Waitafewsecondsanddisarmautomatically."''15meters*..............................................................2hover5seconds....launchpointRepositionduringlanding:Duringlanding,usetherightostickonthecontrollertoadjusttheXS'sposition.·ARTLthet6.:··A..AlwaYS.armtl'leXaatasafe,un6bstructe.dlaunqhpoint.19\failsafes-:=J..TheX8isprogrammedwithasetoffailsafebehaviorstopreventacrashintheeventofalossofoneofthedataorcommunicationchannelsrequiredforflight.AlthoughcertainfailsafeshaveassignedLEDindicatorsandtones,Itisunlikelythatyouwillbeabletoseetheseatadistance.MonitorthegroundstationforfailsafeIndications.Ifafailsafeistriggered,theassignedbehaviorwillactivate.Tooverridethefailsafebehavior,usethecontrollertoswitchtostandardmodeandregainmanualcontrol."Conlmlle•SignalFall"""PhysicalobstructionsandinterferencefromnearbywirelesssignalscanaffecttheXB'sconnectionwiththecontroller.IftheXBlosescontactwiththecontroller,itwillreturntothelaunchpointautomaticallyandland,indicatedbyablinkingyellowstatusLED.,..........;/········*...0000BatteryFailsafeEnvironmentalconditions,payload,andflyingstylecanaffectpowerconsumption.Usethecontroller'sflightdatadisplaytomonitorthe'\voltageofthebatteryduringflight."f.2oIfthebatteryreaches14V,theXBwilllandautomaticallyatthecurrentposition,indicatedbyablinkingyellowstatusLEDandaquickrepeatingtone.D*.&.:s0000c::»4sFailsafeTheXBrequiresGPSlockbeforetakeoff.Enclosedareas,physicalobstructions,andlackofavailablesatellitescanaffectGPSstrength.IftheXBlosesGPSlockinflight,itwilltriggeraGPSfailsafe,IndicatedbyablinkingblueandyellowLEDwithahigh-high-high-lowtone,andautomaticallyswitchtomanualcontrol(standard-altitudeholdmode).AlwaysbepreparedtoregainmanualcontrolatanytimewhileflyingandchooseanunobstructedflyingareatoimproveGPSsignalstrength.Whenflyingamission,werecommendedchangingtheGPSfailsafebehaviortoland.(Visit3DR.com/X8/infoformoreinformationaboutconfiguringtheGPSfailsafe.).......-//-·······*manualcorrtrolFailsafeTheXBhasa 100m(328ft)altitudegeofenceenabledbydefault.Ifthegeofenceisbreached,theXBwillautomaticallyRTL.*.&.c::»FailsafeTheXBhasa300m(984ft)horizontalgeofenceenabledbydefault.IftheXBtravelsfartherthan300mfromthelaunchpoint,itwillautomaticallyreturntothelaunchpointandland.Ifyouplantoflyamissionthatexceedsthisrange,youwillneedtodisablethehorizontalgeofence.(Visit3DR.com/X8/infoforinstructions.)TherangefailsafewillbedisabledintheeventofaGPSfailsafe.21\Status Indicators . . t: ;._ **2~** LED The Pixhawk

LED indicates

the status

of the X8. During flight,

the LED won't be visible,

so you
will need

to use

a ground station

to view

the status

of the X8. Visit 3DR.com/X8/Info

to listen

to Pixhawk's

status tones

. XB Status

LED •••• oeoe oeoe •••• •

))J ))J

Status

LEO Initializing,

hold

the XB still and level Acquiring

GPS, please

wait Autopilot

ready.
GPS locked Armed Loss

of RC signal, automatic
landing Low battery; automatic
landing Loss

of GPS signal, switch

to standard

mode (altitude

hold) Pre-arm safety check failure. Connect

to

a ground station and see
the troubleshooting

section.

\ **~** \ **~Buttorv** The safety button indicates

the status

of the motors to allow

you

to arm and disarm

the xa safely. X$ Safety Button eo eo ••••

**~**

Safety buttoro Motors inactive,

safe

to handle Motors active, deactivate

before handling

23Followthesestepstotakeoff.CClieckllsfPropellersareattachedtightlytothemotorsinthecorrectorderand-§theGPSmastisorientedvertically.TheXSIspoweredwiththebatterysecuredtotheundersideofthevehicle.(RemembertoholdtheXSstillandlevelwhilethesensorsinitialize.)&0?24-ThecontrollerissettoCH7OFF,standard(STD)mode(loitermodeforbeginners),andRTLOFF.ThestatusLEDdisplaysblinkinggreen,IndicatingthattheXShasacquiredGPSlock.Thiscantakeafewminutesdependingonyourflyinglocation.TheXSissituatedatasafe,unobstructedlaunchpoint,facingawayfromyou.'ArmAftercompletingthechecklist,you'rereadytofly!ArminganddisarmingareImportantstepsthatmustbecompletedbeforetakeoffandafterlanding.TherearetwostepstoarmingtheXS:thesafetybuttonandthecontroller.1'Pressandholdthesafetybuttonuntil'itdisplayssolidred.ThisindicatesthattheX8isnowactive.Standback!e0•0Motorsinactive,safetohandle•ee•active,deactivatebeforehandlingSafetybuttonIndicators2Toarmthemotors,holdtheleftstickdown/rightuntilthemotorsspin.®oControllerleftstick:annlngposition•·Theproceduresthatybu®r1safety..·stopwi.th()!JtofInjury.TheX8's.moforsWlllspinwhenarmedlMaKe..sureafi3.plearofanyyourhands,.arming.[)()nptf1andle.thepropellersorpickQptheX8vmilethe.sa,fetybl;ltton.·lsactlve(solidred).<············.·...·······25

## \t;atldi~~

If you end your flight using the Ch 7 land command or RTL, the X8 will

disarm automatically; wait for the motors to stop, and proceed to powering

off. Attempting to disarm the X8 in either land or RTL can cause the cause
the copter to flip.



### Disarm

For manual landing in standard or loiter mode:

2

Press and hold the safety button until it

blinks red. The motors are now inactive,

and the X8 is safe to handle. To disarm the motors, hold the left stick down/left

until the motors stop.



# e O 

# e O Motors inactive, safe to handle



# e e e e Motors active, deactivate before handling

Safety button indicators

' ··:··.·.:.·i 

# ** tte- 7 6



# CMnnitorina===:J Controller left stick: disarming position

····-··--ev-·· ..-

Monitor the X8 in flight using the controller's flight data screens.

I I



# •

Controller

GPS status

connection strength

altitude in meters

speedinrnls

meters from launch point

flight time

current latitude

current longitude

altitude in meters .· Press and hold the ON button to access the flight data screens

. Press ON again to toggle between screens.

current flight mode

GPS signal strength in # of satellites

flight battery level (14-16.8 V)

flight battery mAh

consumed since armed



## 1::\ End your flight at 14.1 V. 

### Ll...}. Do not exceed 8000 mAh for a fully charged X8+ battery (80% of

available capacity).

controller battery level (9-12 V) 26

#tiff"?

27

# Missions

The XB's Pixhawk autopilot is capable 

### of flying an autonomous mission

without operator input. Ensure that you feel comfortable operating the X8 manually before attempting an autonomous mission.

Environmental Awareness

Before you fly, assess the features of your flying area. Determine the boundaries of the safe flying area, and be prepared to recover the copter manually

if It goes outside this area. 

### Be aware of any risks at your location, induding
bodies of water, structures, trees, etc. Designate a few 

### areas as safety zones where you 

### can safely land the copter in 

### case of an unsafe situation.

Radio Signal Conditions

Rying behind solid objects, like buildings and trees, will block radio signals. Always maintain visual contact with the copter to ensure that the radio signal
is unobstructed. Radio towers, cell phone towers, and nearby WiR signals

can also cause interference with the radio system and decrease its range. Avoid flying in populated areas to avoid sources 

### of interference.

Altitude

Select an appropriate altitude for your flying location and local regulations.
Remember the X8 will not avoid obstades during a mission; it will complete

the mission as planned. Select altitudes that avoid any obstacles, such as trees, and comply with the safety information in this manual.



### Speed

By default, the X8 will travel at 6.5 m/s (14.5 mph) during a mission.



# ···r**Plannin~**

To plan a mission, power the XB and connect 

### to your ground station. Ground

station applications require an Internet connection to access maps.

Tablet (DroidPianner)

Select the DroidPianner icon, select EditrJr. Tap to add waypoints, or select the brush tool and draw a path
for the X8 to follow. 

# '6**'~-:·** 

# ; -=-=·

:(( Flight Data


### ( 9 Editor 

# J

6' locator

OroidPianner. Edit waypoinls

Takeoff and Landing

Both ground station options provide the choice to configure automatic takeoff
and landing into the mission. Missions without automatic takeoff and landing

must be initiated and ended in flight. Power

As the operator, it is your responsibility to ensure that all missions comply

with the XB's operating limits, induding flight time. Don't forget to take into

account the effect of current wind conditions on power consumption.

Regaining Manual Control

During 

### a mission, keep the controller easily accessible, and be prepared to regain manual control at any time. To regain manual control during the 

### mission, switch to standard mode using the controller. 

### H you observe instability in the XB's flight behavior 

### or it the copter moves outside your designated safe flying area, switch to 

### RTL. Turning 

### off the controller will automatically trigger an RTL and can be used in an emergency situalion

as a hard recall command.

Fallsafes

The X8's default failsafe behaviors are optimized for manual flight. For

autonomous missions, 

### we recommend re-configuring the failsafe settings
for your flying location. For instructions, visit 3DR.com/XB!info.



### Laptop (Mission Planner, APM Planner)

Select Right Plan, and click to add waypoints. Select the green arrows at
the bottom of the screen to configure altitude and change waypoint types. 28



# •

Mission Planner: Flight Plan

29

## Savin~

After planning the mission, save the mission to 

### the X8. The Pixhawk autopilot



### can store one mission at a time. When you initiate the mission, the X8 will



### start the mission stored to the autopilot 

### at the time.

Tablet (DroidPianner)

Select the option menu in the top-right comer, and

select Send Mission. This will save the mission to the X8.

OroidPianner: Send Mission (option menu) Laptop (Mission Planner. APM Planner)

On the Right Plan screen, select Writs WPs to save the mission to the 

### X8.
Select Save WP Rle to save the mission to your computer for future use

. 

# •

Mission Planner: Right Plan

30

## lnitiatin~

Once you've saved the mission to the X8, follow these steps to fly the mission.

1 Perform 

### a pre-mission 

### test flight.
Follow the standard takeoff procedure, and fly a brief test flight to verify that all controls (throttle,

yaw, roll. and pitch) are responding normally.

2 Arm in standard mode.
When you're ready to start the mission,

arm the X8 in standard {STD) mode.

Controller. mode**sw~ch** 3 Switch to auto mode.
For automatic takeoff, 

### arm the X8 in standard
mode. 

### Then switch to auto mode, and raise the
throttle to initiate the mission.

For manual takeoff, initiate the mission in flight by switching to auto mode.

Controller. mode**~ch** For auto-takeoff, raise
throttle to start mission. 

# ®0

Controller: left stick 

# En**din~**

End the mission according to the type of landing configured in the mission.

Automatic landing
For missions configured with a land waypoint, the X8 will disarm automatically
after landing. Ensure that the throttle
.stick is set fully down during landing; the
X8 will not disarm automatically unless

. the throttle stick is set fully down.

Manual landing
For missions without a land waypoint,
switch to standard or loiter mode in flight

then land manually.

.-

__ . - -_ .·.

. 

# ·4

Toavoid suddef1ctJanges

.. • 

# J

• •··. iri altitt.ide when switching• 

## >
from auto mode to 

### standard· •

.• ..•. mOde, ensure that 

### the left

. ( ;

. · ·.··. stick is 

### set to the center



# ; >. .pbsiti()(l. · ·

31

# .. Appendix:**Troubleshootin~**

Pre-Ann Safety Check Failure



### If the status 

### LEO displays blinking yellow, the 

### X8 is failing one the pre-ann safety checks. To determine the specific failure, check the heads-up display on the ground station. There wlll be an error message specifying the failed check.

Radio Calibration Failure:

Accelerometer Calibration Failure: Compass Calibration Failure:
GPS Failure: Perform Radio Calibration or 

### RC controller re-binding
Perform Accelerometer Calibration

Perform Compass Calibration

Wait for improved GPS signai or 

### move to a more 

### open area

Video tutolials for performing calibrations 

### can be found at 3DR.com/X8/info.



# Maintenance

Replacement parts for the X8 

### can be purchased at store.3DA.com.

Instructions for replacing the wiring, plates, motors, and legs of the X8 can 

### be
found at 3DA.com1X8/info.

## CSpec.s~

Battery: Battery Dimensions: 

### Battery Weight Autopilot hardware: Autopnot fir:rmrrare:
GPS:
Ground Station Rad:oi:
Motors: Frame"JYpe:**~:** 

### 4S 14.8V 10,000 mAh 10C



### 6.6 in 

### x 2.6 in 

### x 1.4 in (16.7 

### em x 6.5 

### em x 3.5 em) 

### 803g

F'ixhawk 112.4.5 ArduCopter 3.2

3DR u-blox GPS with Compass (LEA-6H module, 5 Hz update)

3DA Radio v2 (915 MHz or 433 MHz) SUrni}'SkY V2216-12 KV800 II

X 

### APC Propeller 11x4.7 SF (4)


### A.OC Propeller 11x4.7 SFP (4)

13.7 inx 20.1 in 

### x 11.8 in (35 

### em x 51 em 

### x 20 em) 800g {1.7lbs) 2.56I<g {5.61bs) 

## ·1oom

.soomfitim launch point (1 km when geofence disabled)**•t5~"l** 32