Characteristics of EIA Cooling SystemD tataEnergy-Water NexusGlenn McGrath, Team LeadMarch 22, 2012| Washington DCwww.eia.govU.S. Energy Information AdministrationIndependent Statistics & AnalysisOverview of the Cooling Water DataOverviewoftheCoolingWaterData• Advantages:High coverage of the level of the U S generating capacity–HighcoverageoftheleveloftheU.S.generatingcapacity– System level reporting allows for accurate representation of plant configurationsand operation• Disadvantages:– Complexity of Generator:Boiler:Cooling system configurations make simplifiedanalyses difficult– The survey instrument can be bulky, making certain configurations difficult toreport•Question before us Today:QuestionbeforeusToday:– Are there better ways to present the data without sacrificing meaningfulness oraccuracy?Glenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 20122In Terms of Capacity Total Coverage is HighInTermsofCapacity,TotalCoverageisHighTotal US OperableCapacitySources of CoolingSystem DataUnits 18,151 3,479Plants 5,825 878Capacity (MW)1,039,062 715,7802010 EIA-860Cooling water data is collected on 15% of the plants in our frame, representing 69% of the US generating capacity.3Glenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012Data FrameDataFrame• The EIA-860 is the asset surveyCompany level form with plant and unit level data–Companylevelformwithplantandunitleveldata– By gathering key asset level data, its sets the frame of the operational surveys• Keyassetleveldatainclude:asset e e data c ude– Equipment identification, design characteristics, type, status, energy sources,– Relationships between the other plant assets• Complex asset relationships need to be accounted for in thevalidation and analysis of operational dataGlenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 20124There is High Coverage Among Key Energy SourcesThereisHighCoverageAmongKeyEnergySourcesCoal Natural Gas Nuclear PetroleumTotal CoolingDataTotal CoolingDataTotal CoolingDataTotal CoolingDataUnits 1,396 1,055 5,484 1,746 104 104 3,779 402Plants 582 406 1,657 437 65 65 1,169 149Capacity(MW)316,000 309,886405,112 265,981 101,167101,167 55,647 35,281The addition of non-duct fired natural gas in 2010 added 51 plants, 61 systems, and 32,405 MW of additional natural gascapacity Additionally all the nuclear capacity was addedcapacity.Additionally,allthenuclearcapacitywasadded.5Glenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012Singular Relationship between Generator:Boiler:Cooling SystemSingularRelationshipbetweenGenerator:Boiler:CoolingSystemCapacityPlants(MW) Systems1:1 Systems 155 37,755 180Total873 715,7801,673Percentage18% 5% 11%Singular Systems by Energy SourceEnergy SourcePlants Capacity SystemsCount Share MW Share Count ShareCoal11520%63 17720%24927%,Natural Gas77 38% 38,424 25% 144 18%Nuclear38 58% 47,219 46% 77 75%Singular system relationships facilitate the use of CFS/MW and CFS/MWh ratios to promote quality assurance and analyticalefforts.6ManyGlenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012Multiple Generators to a Single BoilerGenerator:Boiler CapacityRatio Generatorsp y(MW) Plants1:1 1,607 514,596 6531:2 243 46,556 1781:3 or more 173 19,910 84Gens without Boilers(mostly CTs) 1,395 134,718 453Total 3,479 715,780 1,3681:1 Generator:Boiler relationships dominate the population, with about 71% of the total capacity.7ManyGlenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012Multiple Boilers to a Single GeneratorBoiler:GeneratorRatio Boilers Plants1:1 2,132 8121:2 106 351:3 76 171:4 12 31:5 and greater 27 3Total2,353 8781 1’ l d i t h ith b t 90% f th b il f1:1’s alsodominatehere, withabout90%oftheboilerframe.Backtracking generator capacity to boilers is often not easy or meaningful8ManyGlenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012Boiler to Cooling System RelationshipsBoiler:CoolingSystem Ratio Systems Plants1:1 880 4011:2 624 2401:3 313 991:4 335 9114721:5 or more 200 47Total 2,353 878Most boilers are served by multiple cooling systems.9ManyGlenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012Cooling System to Boiler RelationshipsCoolingSystem:Boiler Ratio Systems Plants1:1 1,177 5481:2 311 2471:3 81 711:4 42 371:5 19 131:6 21 141:7 or more 23 16497Total 1,674 962Systems Plants Capacity (MW)Coollng systems with multiple designtypes966086,783Systems with multiple types that haveboth open and closed loop design types 46 29 38,754The term ‘system’ is not standard. Many systems have multiple design types and some systems include both open and closedloop design characteristics10Glenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012loopdesigncharacteristics.Combined Cycle SystemsC bi d C l S tCombinedCycleSystemPlants Units CapacityDuct-Fired 213 816 137,500Non Duct Fired 51 172 29,431Subtotal of CoolingSystem Respondents264 988 166,93152% 54% 80%All other CombinedAllotherCombinedCycle Respondents 244 827 41,082Total 508 1815 208,01380% of the combined cycle systems report cooling water data. Ofall the systems that report cooling water data, combined cyclerepresents 23%.11ManyGlenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012pImplications Challenges and OpportunitiesImplications,ChallengesandOpportunities• Complex systems require complex data structures• Resources to this point have been targeted at cost effectivelycollecting timely and accurate data, minimizing respondentburden to as low as reasonablyossiblep• The point of collecting this data is to ensure its used anduseful.• What can we do to make it more so?12Glenn McGrath, Washington DC,March 22, 2012