| The              Library of Congress>>Especially              for Researchers>>Research              Centers   Home >> Country             Studies >> AlbaniaFindinFederal Research                      Division PagesResearchers                      Web PagesAll Library of Congress PagesA Country Study: Albania**Library of Congress Call Number DR910                   .A347 1994**- Albania  ForewordAcknowledgements
- Preface  Table                       A. Chronology of Important EventsCountry                       Profile
Country
- Geography  SocietyEconomy
- Transportation                           and Telecommunications  Politics                           and GovernmentNational                           Security 
- Introduction     - Chapter                       1 - Historical Setting  (Charles Sudetic)                            - The                           Ancient Illyrians  The                           Barbarian Invasions and the Middle AgesThe                           Albanian Lands Under Ottoman Domination, 1385-1876
The                               Ottoman Conquest of Albania
- Albanians                               under Ottoman Rule  Local                               Albanian Leaders in the Early Nineteenth CenturyNational                           Awakening and the Birth of Albania, 1876-1918
The                               Rise of Albanian Nationalism
- The                               Balkan Wars and Creation of Independent Albania  World                               War I and Its Effects on AlbaniaInterwar                           Albania, 1918-41
Albania's                               Reemergence after World War I
- Social                               and Economic Conditions after World War I  Government                               and PoliticsItalian                               Penetration
- Zog's                               Kingdom  Italian                               OccupationWorld                           War II and the Rise of Communism, 1941-44
The                               Communist and Nationalist Resistance
- The                               Communist Takeover of Albania   Communist                           Albania- Consolidation                               of Power and Initial Reforms  Albanian-Yugoslav                               TensionsDeteriorating                               Relations with the West
- Albania                               and the Soviet Union  Albania                               and ChinaThe                               Cultural and Ideological Revolution
- The                               Break with China and Self-Reliance       - Chapter                       2 - The Society and its Environment  (Walter R. Iwaskiw)                            - Physical                           Environment        - National                               Boundaries  TopographyDrainage
- Climate                                  The                           Albanian People- Population  Ethnicity- Gegs                                   and Tosks  Greeks                                   and Other MinoritiesAlbanians                                   in Kosovo
- Languages                               and Dialects  Settlement                               PatternsSocial                           System 
Traditional                               Social Patterns and Values
- Social                               Structure under Communist Rule   Religion- Before                               1944  Hoxha's                               Antireligious CampaignThe                               Revival of Religion
- Education    - PreCommunist                               Era  Education                               under Communist RuleHealth                           and Welfare
Medical                               Care and Nutrition
- Housing  Social                               Insurance- Chapter                       3 - The Economy  (Charles Sudetic)                          - Economic                           Policy and Performance      - The                               Precommunist Albanian Economy  Imposition                               of the Stalinist SystemDependence                               on Yugoslavia, 1945-48
- Dependence                               on the Soviet Union, 1948-60  Dependence                               on China, 1961-78Isolation                               and Autarky
- Economic                           System     - Governmental                               Bodies and Control  Ownership                               and Private PropertyEnterprises                               and Firms
- Finance                               and Banking  Currency                               and Monetary PolicyGovernment                               Revenues and Expenditures
- Savings   WORK                           FORCE AND STANDARD OF LIVING- Prices                               and Wages  Domestic                               ConsumptionStandard                               of Living
- Population                               and Work Force  Women                               in the Work ForceTrade                               Unions
- Agriculture    - The                               Land  Land                               Distribution and Agricultural OrganizationStructure                               and Marketing of Agricultural Output
- Livestock                               and Pasturelands  MechanizationFertilizers,                               Pesticides, and Seeds
- Forests  FisheriesIndustry
Energy                               and Natural Resources
- Manufacturing    - Chemicals  EngineeringLight                                   Industry
- Food                                   Processing   ConstructionEnvironmental                               Problems
- Transportation                           and Telecommunications    - Road                               Transportation  RailroadsAir                               Transportation
- Water                               Transportation  TelecommunicationsRetail                           Trade, Services and Tourism
Retail                               Trade and Services
- Black                               Market  TourismForeign                           Economic Relations
Foreign                               Trade Organization
- Foreign                               Trade Balance and Balance of Payments  Trade                               PartnersCommodity                               Pattern of Trade
- Activities                               of Foreign Companies in Albania  Foreign                               AssistanceProspects                           for Reform
Chapter                       4 - Government and Politics
 (Amy Knight)                       
Origins                           of the Political System
Albania                               after World War II
- The                               Hoxha Regime  Alia                               Takes OverAlbania's                           Communist Party
- The                           Government Apparatus    - People's                               Assembly  Council                               of Ministers and People's CouncilsCourts
- Mass                           Organizations     - Democratic                               Front  Union                               of Albanian Working YouthUnion                               of Albanian Women
- United                               Trade Unions of Albania   Mass                           Media Reform                           Politics 
Initial                               Stages
- Human                               Rights  Further                               Moves Toward DemocracyMultiparty                               System
- The                               Coalition Government of 1991   Foreign                           Policy - Shifting                               Alliances  Changes                               in the 1980sAlia's                               Pragmatism
- Albania                               Seeks New Allies       - Chapter                       5 - National Security  (Karl Wheeler Soper)                            - Development                           of The Armed Forces        - From                               Independence to World War II  World                               War II Postwar                               Development
- Evolution                           of National Security Policy  Defense                           Organization - Political                               Control  People's                               Army - Ground                                   Forces  Air                                   and Air Defense ForcesNaval                                   Forces
- Military                               Manpower    - Conscript                                   Training  Paramilitary                                   TrainingMilitary                                   Schools
- Military                               Budget and the Economy   Internal                           Security - Domestic                               Repression under Hoxha and Alia    - Penal                                   Code  Penal                                   SystemSecurity                               Forces
Directorate                                   of State Security
- Frontier                                   Guards  People's                                   PoliceAuxiliary                                   Police
Appendix. Tables
- Bibliography  Glossary
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