## Wisconsin’s Forestry Best Management Practices ( BMPs ) for Water Quality

2013 BMP Monitoring Report

Dave Kafura

Nolan Kriegel

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Division of Forestry2 

### Acknowledgements

This report would not be possible without the help of many individuals and organizations; we would like

to thank them for their time commitments and hard work:

 The foresters who took time out of their work schedule to help provide the BMP monitoring

teams with additional information on the review sites. This additional information was vital and

allowed our teams to understand exactly how BMPs were applied to each individual site.

 The BMP monitoring teams who evaluated sites all over Wisconsin in a variety of weather

conditions. The team lea ders who put in extra time handling their team and external logistics to

make all the monitoring efforts run as smoothly as possible.

 Paul Rasmussen, Research Scientist with Wisconsin DNR, who provided the statistical analyses of

this report. His experien ce and quality control measures have ensured high quality analyses of

the data collected in the field.

 The BMP Advisory Committee for their interest in Wisconsin’s Forestry BMPs and for their

guidance in developing a successful BMP monitoring program.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Box 7921

Madison, WI 53707



### PUB

- FR

- 555 2015

The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in its employment, programs, services, and

functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions, please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department o f

Interior, Was hington, D.C. 20240.

This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audio tape, etc.) upon request. Please call ( 608

- 267

- 7494 )

for more information.3



### Table of Contents Page

1. Executive Summary

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4

2. 2013 BMP Monitoring Site Map

................................ ................................ .................. 6

3. Introduction

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 7

a. Timber Harvest Information

................................ ................................ .................. 8

i. Harvest Age

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 8

ii. Harvest Size

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 9

iii. Season of Harvest

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 10

iv. Water Resources

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 10

v. Riparian M anagement Zones (RMZs)

................................ ................................ ............... 12

vi. Species Composition of Harvest Sites

................................ ................................ ............... 13

vii. Silviculture Prescriptions

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 14

viii. Timber Stand Improvements (TSI)

................................ ................................ .................... 15

ix. Harvest System

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 16

x. Equipment

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 16

xi. Road Systems

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 17



### 4. Results of BMP Monitoring

................................ ................................ ....................... 20

a. Overview

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 20

b. BMP Application

................................ ................................ ................................ .. 20

i. BMP Application by Monitoring Category

................................ ................................ ........ 22

ii. 2013 BMP Application Rates Compared to Prior Years

................................ .................... 24



### c. BMP Effectiveness

................................ ................................ ................................ 27

i. BMP Effectiveness for ‘Correctly Applied’ BMPs

................................ ............................. 28

ii. BMP Effectiveness for ‘Not Applied’ BMPs

................................ ................................ ...... 29



### 5. Conclusion and Recommendations

................................ ................................ ........... 30

6. Appendix

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 31

a. Methods

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 31

i. Sele ction of Timber Harvests

................................ ................................ ............................ 31

ii. Bias and Limitations

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 31



### b. Eligibility Criteria

– Field Form

................................ ................................ .............. 32

c. BMP Monitoring Teams

................................ ................................ ....................... 34

d. BMP Monitoring Team Maps

................................ ................................ ............... 35

e. BMP Monitoring Worksheets

................................ ................................ .............. 44

f. Monitoring Results

................................ ................................ ............................... 58

i. State lands

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 58

ii. County lands

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 754



# Executive Summary

In the fall of 2013, state land s and county forests were monitored for the application and effectiveness

of Wisconsin’s Forestry Best Management Practices ( BMPs ) for Water Quality. State lands had 42 sites

entered into the mon itoring program, and county fore st s had 33 sites. These sites were chosen because

of the water resources in or adjacent to the sale . Information on how the BMPs were implemented and

how effective they were, was rec orded along with site information such as : sale size, se ason of harvest

,

w ater resources, forest roads , and tree species of the harvest area.



### County

There were a total of 33 timber sales monitored on county forests during the 2013 BMP monito ring

cycle. The average size of the sale area was 97.8 a cres , with a grand total of 3227 acres monitored . Most

of the sites (11 each) were harvest ed either during the summer season or were cut during ‘more than

one’ season. The most common water resource was wetlands (28 sites) followed closely by the presence

of streams (23 sites). Every site that contained a water resource, for which the BMP manual

recommended a Riparian Management Zone (RMZ), had used a RMZ. The most com monly used RMZ

was one which me t the recommended distance specified in the manual. The most abundant dominant

tree species on the harvest sites was aspen (20 sites). Lastly, there were 30 sites that included forest

roads

– and 21 of those contain ed active roads. Eight of the sites that contained forest roads had roads

which included the presence of drainage structures

, like wa ter bars.

The overall BMP application rate on county lands was good at 9 5%, and the amount of ‘correctly

applied’ BMPs was only slightly less at 93%. BMPs were found to be ‘not applied’, in situations where

they were warranted, 5% of the time. When breakin g down the application rates into monito ring

categories, ‘fuels, waste, lubricants, and spills’ were rated the highest (98.4%) and ‘forest roads’ were

the lowest (84.4%).

The effectiveness of BMPs was very high, when their subsequent application rating wa s ‘applied

correctly’. The county effectively protected water quality 99.6% of the time (saw no negative impact to

water quality)

, when they applied the BMPs correctly. However, when BMPs were ‘not applied’ where

they were needed, water quality was only p rotected 36.1% of the time. This shows the importance of

using and correctly applying the BMPs in order to protect water quality.



### State

There were a total of 42 timber sales monitored on state lands during the 2013 BMP monito ring cycle.

The average size o f the sale area was 59.1 acres , with a grand total of 2484 acres monitored . The

majority (19) of the sites were harvested during the winter season . The most common water resource

present within the site s were wetlands (34 sites) followed by st r eams (30 sit es). Along surface water

resources, for which th e BMP manual designated the use of an RMZ, the most commonly used RMZ

distance was the one recommended by the B MP manual (20 sites). Pine and a spen were the most

common tree species present within the harvest ed areas (20 sites each). There were a total of 34 sites

that used forest roads to access the sale, and 14 contained active forest roads. Only two sites had the

presence of drainage structures on their forest roads.5



### The overall BMP application rate on state lands was very high at 97.8%, and the amount of ‘correctly

applied’ BMPs was only slightly less at 97.1%. BMPs were found to be ‘not applied’ in situations where

they were warranted, 2.2% of the time. When breaking down the application rates into mon itoring

categories, ‘fuels, waste, lubricants, and spills’ were rated the highest (100%) and ‘forest roads’ were the

lowest ( 94.9 %).

The effectiveness of BMPs was very high, when their subsequent application rating was ‘applied

correctly’. The state eff ectiv ely protected water quality 100 % of the time, (saw no negative impact to

water quality) when they applied the BMPs correctly. However, when BMPs were ‘not applied’ where

they were needed, water quality was only protected 76 % of the time. This shows t he importance of

using and correctly applying the BMPs in order to protect water quality.6



# 2013 BMP Monitoring Sites Map

Figure 1. The sites monitored by the 2013 B MP teams. Brown dots represent county sites and green dots represent state

sites. Note: Some dots are close together making the total number of sites difficult to determine on this map. Disclaimer:*The

Department has made reasonable efforts to provide you with accurate information, but cannot exclude the poss ibility of

errors or omissions in sources or of changes in actual conditions. The Department makes no warranties of any kind, either

the express or implied. Changes may be periodically made to the information herein.*7



# Introduction

Since the Federal Clean Water Act was originally passed in 1972, several revisions have been made and

now include the specific activities of silviculture and its ’ contributing factors to nonpoint source

pollution (NPS). Each state is required to develop either guidelines or reg ulations to reduce the NPS

from silviculture to the “maximum extent practical”. In Wisconsin, this has led to the development of

the B est Management Practices ( BMPs ), w hich are designed to protect water quality

– from silvicultural

activity

– according to the Clean Water Act of 1972 and its following revisions.

Wisconsin adopted the BMP program in 19 95, and through monitoring, statistical analysis, and written

reports, Wisconsin is able to document its success in protecting its water quality through the BM P

program. Initially, a ll silvicultural activities done within the state of Wisconsin were subject to being

monitored every year. There are many different landowners that reside over the forests of Wisconsin

including: Federal, Industrial (Large), County, State, Non

- Industrial Private (NIP), and Tribal landowners.

With this many landowners, monitoring a statistically valid sample si ze from each proved to be too

demanding of a task and the BMP Advisory Committee (comprised of individuals who represent many

d ifferent interests in Wisconsin’s forests) decided to only monitor one or two landowners on any given

year.

The two landowners being monitored during 2013 were county and state. There were a total of 467

timber sales cut on state lands and 1590 timber sal es cu t on county forests that were available to be

monitored for the 2013 BMP monitoring cycle. In order to run statistical analysis on the results, 42 state

sites and 33 county sites were chosen to be monitored to obtain a 95% confidence interval

. T he sites

that are randomly selected are examined to see if they are eligible to be monitored using both computer

satellite imagery and by taking trips to the potential sites. Sites that are chosen to be monitored have to

pass a set of eligibility criteria including:

 Harvesting completed within 200 feet of a lake, river or steam

 At least one acre of wetland harvested

 A significant length of wetland crossed (≥50 ft.)

 A stream crossed

This ensures that the BMP program, through the monitoring team s, will be foc using their time at timber

sales that can potentially have the most impact to water quality. Sites that lack any of these

characteristics are unlikely to impact water quality in a direct (observable) manner.

The BMP monitoring teams are comprise d of four to six individuals and have a wide background of

expertise ranging from hydrology, soil science, ecology, conservation, silviculture and logging. In order to

achieve consistent evaluations across all the different sites, there were trainings held for all t he teams,

put on by the DNR Forest Hydrol ogist. These trainings included both lecture/discussion in a classroom

type setting and field portions w h ere everyone went to site s to go through the monitoring worksheets

together . Information about the site was c ollected as w ell as being evaluated for the application and

effectiveness of BMPs

.8



# Timber Harvest Information

Harvest Age

All the sales monitored during the 2013 BMP efforts were closed between January 1 st 

### 2012 and

December 31 st 

### 2012. Although the sa les were closed during this time , the actual time between when the

sale was harvested and when it was monitored may vary. Sales are monitored the following year fr om

when they are closed for several reasons:

 The sale will have went through at least one runoff season (spring)

 The sale will no longer be active (safety reason and not hindering logging operation)

 Evidence of logging activity will still be fresh and easy to see and evaluate



### County

County sites had the majority (20 sites) cut 1

- 2 years prior to monitoring, and had roughly one

- third (10

out of 33 sites) cut less than one year prior to monitoring (Table 1) . Only three sites were cut more than

two years before they were monitored and no sites had the harvest age listed as ‘ unknown ’

.



### State

State s ites had slightly less than half their sales (20 sites each) cut less than one year before monitoring

and between 1

- 2 years before monitoring (Table 1) . Only one site was listed as being harvested more

than t wo years before monitoring and one site was list ed as the harvest age ‘ unknown ’

.

Table 1. Harvest Age

Age Class County State

<1 year old 10 20

1

- 2 years old 20 20

> 2 years old 3 1

Unknown 0 1

Table 1 . The amount of time that has passed since the site was harvested/ cut and when it was monitored.



## Harvest Size

The harvest size for any particular sale includes the entire area within the boundary of the sale. This

includes areas of non

- harvest such as: roads, reserve areas, wetlands and streams. Sales are individual

units of harvest that can occur in an isolated location or can bo rder several other active or recently

completed sales. A larger area of harvest can be broken down into sales based on a multitude of factors

including: tree species composition, silvicultural pre scriptions, property boundaries, natural boundaries,

seasonal restrictions/ time of harvest, tree age, logging contractors, and product demand. The more

differences between these factors in the area of harvest, the more likely they will be broken down into

smaller sales.9



### County

County sales are rather large, with the average size at 97.8 , and a grand total of 3227 acres monitored

.

However

, the sales range in size from 16 acres all the way up to 234 acres. Almost half (15:33) of the

sales fell into the lar gest harvest category of more than 100 acres. Very few (5) sales were in the

smallest two harvest size categories of less than 51 acres, and only one of those was smaller than 26

acres. One possible reason for the large county sales is the blowdown event that took place in

Northwest Wisconsin, and the subsequent salvage harvest operations that followed in the storms wake.



### State

State sales were comprised of both small sales and larger sales, but small sales were more common. The

average size was 59.1 acr es , with a grand total of 2484 acres monitored . Eighteen (42.8%) of the sales

fell into the two largest categories of over 76 acres while 23 (54.8%) of the sales fell into the two

smallest categories of 50 acres or less. Only one sale was found to be betwe en 51

- 75 acres.

Figure 2

. The number of acres that were harvest ed for each of the sales con ducted on state lands and county

forests

.



## Season of harvest

The season of harvest can play a vital role in the success of protecting water quality in silvicultural

activities. The presence of water resources within a timber sale may lead to harvesting guidelines where

it becomes best to operate harvesting equipment during dry (usually late summer/early fall) or frozen

ground conditions (winter). Many recommendations within the BMP manual call for operations during

these favorable ground conditions to avoid the potential problems of rutting and compacting hydric

soil s. 1 4 9 4 15

11 12 1 11 7

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

0-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101+ Sales

Acres Harvested 

# Acres Harvested for Individual Sales

County State10



### County

One

- third (11/33) of the c ounty sites were harvested during the course of more than one season, and

another third (11/ 33) were harvest ed during the summer (Figure 3) . The rest of the sites were

distrib uted between winter (7 sites), f all (3 sites ) and one site which the season of harvest was

undetermined. No sites were harvested during the spring.



### State

Winter was the most common season of harvest (19 sites), while spring was the least common season of

harvest (1 site). Multi

- Season was the seco nd most c ommon (12 sites) and the remaining sites were

distributed evenly between summer, fall and unknown with three, four and three sites respectively

(Figure 3)

.

Figure 3. Time when the sale was harvested.



## Water Resources

There were four types of water resources (lakes, streams, wetlands, and springs/s eeps) found in the

2013 BMP monitoring sites. Streams are broken down even fu rther by their width and designated trout

stream c lassification (Figure 5 ). Width and the presence of trout are important b ecause these two

factors help determine the distance of the Riparian Management Zone (RMZ) on streams

.

7 0 11 3 11 1 19 1 3 4 12 3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Winter Spring Summer Fall Multi-Season Unknown Number of Sites

Season



# Season(s) of Harvest

County State11

Figure 4. Stream crossing on Apple C reek (designated trout s tream on Iron County Forest ).



### County

The most common water resourc e was wetlands (28 si tes) with streams being the next most common

(23 sites , Figure 5). Springs/s eeps were the least common, with only tw o sites listing them as present,

lakes were found on one

- third (11:33) of the sites. The majority of the sites (17) that contained streams

w ere found to have streams either greater than three feet or classified as a designated trout stream.

Eight sites contained streams that were between the widths of 1

- 3 feet and only two sites had streams

of less than one foot wide. The county crossed a tota l of six streams on forest roads , and all of which,

used culverts as the crossing method (Table 2) . The stream crossing must fall with in the boundary of the

sale or be on a road primarily used for the sale (paved town roads or a network of roads that serve s a

multitude of timber sales were not included for these numbers).



### State

The most common water resource present was wetlands (34 sites) with streams being the second most

common (30 sites , Figure 5 ). Springs/seeps and lakes were both fairly uncommon (6 sites and 8 sites

respectively). The majority of the sites (28) that contained streams were found to have streams eith er

greater than three feet wide and/or classified as a des ignated trout stream. Si x sites (3 each) were found

to have streams betwe en the distances of 1

- 3 feet wide and less than one foot wide. Only one stream

was crossed, and that method of crossing was a ford (Table 2)

.

Table 2. Streams Crossed on Sites

Stream Crossed County State

Culverts 6 0

Fords 0 1

Bridges 0 0

Table 2. The number of streams that were crossed using different types of stream crossing methods.12

Figure 5

. The number of sites that contain different types of water resources . Streams are broken down into

three categories depending on width and/or if they are designated trout streams (DTS). Note: Sites may have

more than one type of water resource and more than one type of stream.



## R iparian M anagement Z ones (RMZ s )

Riparian Management Zones (RMZs) are areas of specific management criteria next to a stream or lake

in order to provide shade and soil sta bilization. Excess heat or erosion cau sed by exposed soil in a RMZ

can possibly lead to impacts to water quality. The two different RMZ distances are 1 00 feet and 3 5 feet.

A 100

- foot wide RMZ is recommended for lakes

, streams of a width three feet or greater

, and all

designated trout streams. A 35

- foot wide RMZ is recommended for the two catego ries of streams less

than three feet wide. All four water resources that r ecommend an RMZ, have different harvesting BMPs

unique to each resource. RMZs can be modified

, per the BMP manual

, by foresters for several reasons

including: timber species composition, presence of beavers, slope, soil, season of harvest, and storm or

ins ect damage. The BMP Manual’s recommended RMZ distance from Ordinary High Water Mark

(OHWM) to the timber harvesting edge can fall into one of four categories:

 The site RMZ can be increased in distance

 The site RMZ can meet the recommended distance

 The sit e RMZ can be decreased in distance

 The site may not have used an RMZ

11 28 2 23 17 8 2 8 34 6 30 28 3 3

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

total > 3 ft. or DTS 1-3 ft. wide < 1 ft. wide

Lakes Wetlands Springs or

Seeps Streams Number of Sites



### Water Resource Type 

## Types of Water Resources Located Within Monitoring Sites

county state13



### County

Most sites (21) used a RMZ that met the recommended distance listed in the BMP manual, and these

were found on all four different types of wat er resources that recommended a RMZ ( Figure 6) . The next

most common (13 sites) increased the recomm ended RMZ distance, while only four sites had decreased

the recommended RMZ distance. No sites w ere observed to have not used a RMZ on a water resource

where a RMZ was recommended.



### State

Most (20) used a RMZ that met the recommended distance listing in the BMP manual. Fifteen sites had

a RMZ distance that was increased from the recommended distance. RMZ distances that were

decreased were uncommon (2 sites) and three sites were found to hav e not used an RMZ for which the

BMP manual had a RMZ distance recommended.

Figure 6

. The number of sites that have RMZ specified water resource within or on the boundary of the sale. The

RMZ can be increased or decreased in width, follow the recommended distance, or not be used at all. The bars

are broken down to show the four different types of water resources.



## Species Composition of Harvest Sites

Seven different tree stand compositions were listed i n the 2013 monitoring report. Anytime they were

pres ent to a significant degree, they were recorded as being a dominant cover type for the harvest. This

leads to many sites having more than one dominant cover type. 0 5 10 15 20 25

Increased Meets Decreased RMZ Not

Used Increased Meets Decreased RMZ Not

Used

County State Number of Sites 

# Sites Containing a RMZ Specified Water Resource

Lakes > 3 ft. Wide or DTS 1-3 ft. Wide <1 ft. Wide14



### County

The most common tree stand composition was aspen (20 sites)

, with mapl e/basswood and oak/hickory

tied ( 14 sites ) as being the second most common (Figure 7) . Bottomland hardwoods and swamp conifers

were tied for being the least common tr ee stand composition with only one site each.



### State

The most common tree stand composition was aspen and pine, each of which were found to be a

dominant cover type in 20 sites (Figure 7) . Oak/hickory and maple/basswood were the next most

common with 15 sites and 9 sites having the species listed as a dominant cover type respectively. The

least common cover type was swamp conifers (1 site)

.

Figure 7 . Dominant tree species present on a site. Note: a site may have multiple dominant tree species listed as

present.



## Silviculture Prescriptions

Silviculture prescriptions determine several aspects of a timber harvest: it can determine which trees get

harvested, how many trees get harvested, what the remaining tree density should be, and may

determine which tree species are established post

- harvest.



### County

The most common silvicultural pres cription was ‘more than one’. Given the average size of sales, almost

100 acres, it is not surprising that ‘ more than one ’ type of silvicultural prescription was utilized

throughout the sale area. ‘ Clearcut ’

, ‘ shelterwood ’ , and ‘ seedtree ’ silvicultural pre scriptions were

completely absent from all sales conducted on county land (Figure 8)

. Although there were no sales that

20 5 10 14 14 1 1

4 20 3 20 9 15 4 1

3

0 5 10 15 20 25

Aspen Spruce/

Fir Pine Maple/

Basswood Oak/

Hickory Bottom

Hardwoods Swamp

Conifers Other Number of Sites

Tree Species 

## Sites Containing Tree Species as a Dominant Cover Type

County State15



### documented the solo use of the ‘clearcut’ silvicultural prescription, many sales included components of

‘clearcut’ that fell into the different categories of ‘other’, ‘clearcut with reserves’, and ‘more than one’.



### State

The most common silvicultural pres cription was ‘more than one’ (15 sales), with selection harvest being

a close second (14 sales). ‘Clearcut with reserves’ and ‘clearcut’ saw some utilization on state lands (9

and 4 sites respectively). ‘Shelterwood’, ‘seedtree’, and ‘other’ were not utili zed on any of the 42 sales

conducted on state lands.

Figure 8. T ypes of silvicultural prescriptions used on sites.



## Timber Stand Improvements

Timber stand improvements (TSI) are defined as improving the quality of a forest or tree stand by

removing unde sirable trees or tree species to obtain the desired forest composition or forest timber

productivity. This may include methods that yield no current merchantable timber including girdling,

spraying herbicide, and burning.



### County and State

Given the defini tion of TSI and the fact that it does not directly produce income, it is not surprising to

see that both state and county did not use many TSI (Table 3). Both state and county had one sale that

utilized ‘crop tree release’, and county had five sites that u sed ‘other’ method of TSI.

8 0 5 0 0 4 16 14 4 9 0 0 0 15

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Selection

Harvest Clearcut Clearcut

with

Reserves Shelterwood Seedtree Other More than

One Number of Sites

Harvest Perscriptions 

# Types of Silvicultural Perscriptions

County State16



### Table 3. Timber Stand Improvements

Timber Stand Improvements County State

None 27 41

Crop Tree Release 1 1

Pre

- Commercial Thinning 0 0

Other 5 0

Table 3

. Different types of timber stand improvements used on state and county lands.



## Harvest System

County

The most common harvesting system used on county sites was ‘shortwood’ (25 sites), while ‘other’ was

not utilized on any site (Table 4) . ‘T ree

- length’ and ‘mor e than 1 type’ were each used on three sites and

‘whole tree’ was found on only two sites.



### State

The most common harvesting system used on state sites was ‘shortwood’ (37 sites), while ‘other’ was

not utilized on any site. ‘Whole tree’ and ‘mor e than 1 type’ were each used on two sites and ‘tree

length’ was found only on one site.

Table 4. Harvesting System

Harvesting System County State

Shortwood 25 37

Tree

- length 3 1

whole tree 2 2

other 0 0

more than 1 type 3 2

Table 4

. T ypes of harvesting systems



## Equipment

The BMP monitoring teams determined the equipment used for the harvest operation using several

methods. If a site specific forester was present, they simply inquired him/her for that information.

Otherwise

, looking fo r signs of either wheel or track marks on the ground as a result of the harvest

operation also helped determine the type of equipment . If the ground was dry, frozen, or had lots of

snow, the equipment marks w ould be difficult to see if present.17



### County

Most of the sites (22 ) used both wheeled and tracked logging equipment during the harvesting process

(Table 5) . Wheeled equipment was solel y used in nine sites, while one site used solely tracked

equipment. On one site, the BMP monitoring team was unable to determine what type of logging

equipment was used.



### State

A combination of using both wheeled and tracked equipment during the harvesting process was the

most common (23 sites) equipment type (Table 5) . Wheeled equipment was the next most common

equip ment type and it was used on 17 sites. The sole use of tracked equipment along with the

equipment being ‘ unknown ’ was only present for one site each.

Table 5. Equipment Type

Logging Equipment County State

Wheeled 9 17

Tracked 1 1

Both 22 23

Unknown 1 1

Table 5

. T ypes of logging equipment used during the harvest.



## Road Systems

Forest roads serve several purposes: access to the sale by trucks and other equipment, moving wood

from the sale to the landing, and in some cases provide area for decking. How roads are designed,

constructed, and maintained plays a large role in how successful a harvesting operation will be at

protecting water quality. Roads that go through

, or adjacent to wetland, or roads that go against the

contours will most likely require some type of drainage structure to ensure that t he road stays in usable

condition and that water quality is not negatively impacted. For forest roads that go through wetlands,

equalization culverts help to maintain hydrol ogic flows beneath the roads, which will stop water buildup

that may potentially wash out the road. For roads that go up and down contours: water bars, broad

based dips, out

- sloping, or ditches can help reduce the flow on the road surface

– which will exte nd the

life of the road. The amount of drainage structures on roads that go across the contours will greatly

depend on several features, but primarily the length and gradient of the road.



### County

Most of the c ounty sites (30) had forest roads present (Tabl e 6). Thirteen of those sites had improved

the ro ad to some degree, either prior, during, or post

- harvest. Out of the 30 sites that had roads, 21 of

those sites contained active roads

– roads that receive use for the majority of the year. Drainage

structu res were also found on eight sites

– four existing and four new drainage structures.18

Figure 9 . This culvert was found on the forest road system owned by the county. The culvert is buried deep enough to handle

the weight of logging traffic along with a s table bank, due to the rock armoring.



### State

Many of the state sites (34) had forest roads present, while eight sites did not have roads present. Only

e ight of the 34 sites with roads were improved either before, during or post

- harvest. There were more

sites containing inactive roads (22) than sites with active roads (14). State sites had very few drainage

structures of any kind, with only two being new installation a nd none having pre

- existing ( Table 6)

.

Table 6. Road Characteristics

Road Characteristics County State

Sites w/Roads Present 30 34

Sites w/Roads Absent 3 8

Improved Roads 13 8

Drainage Structures New 4 2

Existing 4 0

Road Use Active 21 14

Inactive 11 22

Table 6

. The amount of sites with roads, whether they were active, if they were improved, and how many had

drainage structures present. Note: sites may have inactive and active roads on the same site.19



### Table 7. Road Types and Water Removal Efficiency

Water Removal

Efficiency Traffic Volume

Capacity Road Category Road Type County State

Low Temporary/

Seasonal Design Flat 20 28

Construction Below Grade 2 2

Construction At Grade with No Ditch 17 27

Moderate Seasonal Design In

- Slope/flat 0 2

Design Out

- Slope/flat 2 1

Design Crowned/Flat 5 2

Design Many Typed 1 0

Construction Combinations 7 4

High Permane nt Design Crowned 5 1

Construction Ditch < 1 ft. Deep 4 0

Construction Ditch > 1 ft. Deep 0 0

Table 7

. The construction and d esign of roads are shown on state lands and county forests , with their respective

water removal capabilities along with their associated recommended traffic volume capacity.20



# Results

Overview

During the 2013 Wisconsin Forestry Best Management Practices for Water Quality, 75 sites were visited

by the monitoring teams and included 42 sites for state lan ds and 33 sites for county forests . For each of

these sites, 119 BMPs were assessed for application a nd effectiveness (See Appendix E) . These BMPs

were divided into five categories:

 Fuels, Lubricants, Waste and Spills : There are two BMPs on the monitoring form and relate to

location of fueling, a nd cleaning up waste and spi lls.

 Riparian Management Zones (RMZs) : T here are 18 BMPs on the monitoring form and are

divided into sections according to different RMZ practices that oc cur on subsequent water

bodies

.

 Forest Roads : There are 47 BMPs on the monitoring form and they are divided into several

sections which cover a variety o f aspects including location, drainage structures , and stream

crossing on forest roads

.

 Timber Harvesting : There are 36 BMPs on th e monitoring form and they are divided into a

multitude of sections which include: skid trails and all aspects regarding them , log landings, and

dry washes.

 Wetlands : T here are 15 BMPs on the monitoring form and they cover wetland harvesting, filter

strips, and rutting in wetlands.

When teams go through the process of monitorin g a site, they decide which BMPs apply to the site and

how well the site protected water quality by using (or not using) BMPs

– which is termed evaluating for

application and effectiveness. There are several different application categories that describe h ow the

landowner either used

, or did not use a BMP

, as applicable . In turn, BMP effectiveness is rated for

indivi dual BMPs and is also divided into the different categories of application.



## BMP Application

The first element that a monitoring team must decide when answering a BMP from the monitoring

report is to determine if the individual BMP question is applicable to the site. The five options of BMP

applicability are:

 BMP not applicable to the site

 BMP app lied correctly where it was needed

 BMP applied but incorrectly

 BMP not applied where it was needed

 Insufficient information to rate how the BMP was applied21



### County

Application rates for county forests were good, at 95%. This means for every BMP that was applicable to

the site, 95% of the time, the BMP was applied (either correctly or incorrectly) and only five percent of

the time a BMP was not applied (Figure 10 ). The correct application rate was also good at 93%, which

implies that only two percent of the BMPs that were applicable to the site were applied incorrectly.



### State

Application rates for state lands were excellent, at 97.8%. Only 2.2% of the time, when a BMP was

applicable to the site, was on e ’ not applied ’ (Figure 10 ). The correct application rate for BMPs was also

very high, at 97.1%. This leads to a low rate of BMPs that were applied incorrectly (0.8%).

Figure 10 . BMP application rates for state lands and county forests

.

95

± 1.7 93

± 1.8 5

± 1.7 97.8

± 0.5 97.1

± 0.7 2.2

± 0.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

BMP applied where needed BMP applied correctly

where needed BMP not applied where

needed Percent

BMP Application Categories 

# BMP Application Rates

County

State22



## BMP Application by Monitoring Category

BMP application rates were broken down into respective monito ring categories to provide greater detail

of where BMPs were undergoing high or low compliance. Variances in application rates, between the

monitoring categorie s, are both common and expected. This is due to the intrinsic properties between

the monitoring categories and how easy or difficult it is for landowners to correctly apply BMPs . For

example, ‘forest roads’ is a BMP monitoring category where it is usually more difficult to achieve a

higher BMP correct application rating than the monitoring category of ‘fuel, waste, and spills’. Here are

just a few reasons the BMPs for ‘forest roads’ are more difficult to achieve compliance:

 ‘Forest roads’ BMPs are subject to criteria like location and design

 ‘Forest roads’ have both short and long term maintenance, which may include road closure

 ‘Forest roads’ may receive un

- intended or post closure use

This is compared with BMPs for the monitoring category ‘fuels, waste, and spills’ where, to achieve a

high application rate, is to clean up any trash or spills that may have occurred during the harvest

operation

– if they occurred at all.



### County

The monitoring category that received the highest rating was ‘fuels, waste, and spills’ (9 8.4%) followed

closely by ‘RMZs’ (98.3%). The monitoring category that had the lowest correct application rating was

forest roads (84.4%) by a considerable amount

– 8.8% behind the next lowest monitor ing category of

wetlands (93.2%, Figure 12)

.

Figure 11. This culvert on county forest does not extent far enough beyond the road, which does not allow for armoring on

the road side slope. This can lead to erosion around it

– like pictured here.23



### State

All the monitoring categories had a relatively high correct application rate

– which is to be expected due

to the very high overall application rate

– but there is a small variance of 5.1 % between the highest and

lowest rated monitoring categories. The hig hest, at 100%, is the monitoring category of ‘fuels, waste,

and spills’, and the lowest is ‘forest roads’ (94.9%). The remaining three monitoring categories were

approximately 97% (Figure 12 ).

Figure 12 . BMP correct application rates for the different monitoring categories for both state lands and county

forests

. 98.4

± 1.5 98.3

± 0.8 84.4

± 4.8 96.8

± 1.4 93.2

± 1.9 100

± 0 97.2

± 1.5 94.9

± 1.8 97.8

± 1.2 97

± 0.9

75 80 85 90 95 100

Fuels, waste,

spills RMZs Forest roads Timber

harvesting Wetlands Percent

Monitoring Category 

### Application Rates for Correctly Applying BMPs per Monitoring Category

County

State24



## 2013 BMP Application Rates Compared to Prior Years

The comparison of current results to past findings is an extremely important function of the BMP

monitoring program . It allows the ques tion to become a nswerable “ is Wisconsin’s BMP program

protecting water quality?” By comparing the applicat ion rates from different years

– silvicultural

activities c an be shown to ensure continued

– and hopefully

, ever improving protection of water quality

in Wisconsin. This self

- evaluation, also allows for changes to the BMP program to b e made, so it can

adopt the new ways to mea sure and protect water quality. Changes to both the BMP manual and the

monitoring worksheets have occurred, since its start in 1995, to incorporate better ways to monitor and

protect water quality.

Figure 13 . The correct application rate of BMPs from the 2013 results compared to past results in 2003 and the

combined years of 1995

- 1997 on both state and county lands

.

86

± 5 86

± 8 93

± 4 90

± 4 93

± 1.8 97.1

± 0.7

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

County State Percent

BMP Applied Correctly



## BMP Correct Application Rates Over Time

1995-1997

2003

201325



### County

The 2013 correct application rate has improved from th e base results in 1995

- 1997, and has remained

the same since 2003 (Figure 1 3)

. The confidence interval has also increased (decreased error) compared

to past years, due to a larger number of county sites evaluated compared to the past years, allowing a

more accurate representation of BMP ‘correct application’. When the results are broken down into

monitoring categories, the 2013 application rates were found to be higher when compared to pr ior

years, with one notable exception

– forest roads (Figure 14). There was a substantial drop in correct

application in ‘forest roads’ from 2003 to 2013 (96% to 84.4%); however, it was still an increase from the

baseline data in 1995

- 1997. The only other decrease was in ‘wetlands’ from the 2003 to the 2013 data.

All the other categories over the years were either increased or maintained the current ‘correct

application’ rate.

Figure 14

. Correct Application rates of BMPs on county lands, with different monitoring categories, of the 2013

BMP results to the past results in 2003 and 1995

- 1997.

86

± 7 85

± 7 81

± 9 91

± 5 89

± 7 97

± 3 91

± 6 96

± 4 96

± 4 96

± 4

98.4

± 1.5 98.3

± 0.8 84.4

± 4.8 96

± 1.4 93.2

± 1.9

65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

Fuels and Spills RMZs Forest Roads Timber

Harvesting Wetlands Percent

Monitoring Category 

### Correct Application of BMPs on County Forests Compared to Past Years

1995-1997

2003

201326



### State

The 2013 correct application rate is the highest out of all three years monitored. Each time it has been

monitored, it has shown improvemen ts, from 1995 to 2013 (Figure 13 ). This improving ‘correct

application’ shows that the BMP program has been very successful for state lands. The confidence

interval has also increased due to an increase in stat e sales that were monitore d. When breaking down

the ‘correct application’ into the different monitoring categories and comparing them to past years, it

becomes apparent that most of the overall ‘correct application’ improvement came from one

monitoring category

– forest roads (Figu re 15)

. ‘Forest roads’ increased its ‘correct application’ rate by

23.9% from 2003 and 15.9% from 1995

- 1997. ‘Fuels, waste, and spills’, ‘RMZs’, and ‘Wetlands’ saw

improvements from the two prior monitoring results, whereas, ‘timber harvesting’ has remaine d fairly

consistent

– yet very high

– ‘correct application’ rate.

Figure 15

. Correct Application rates of BMPs on state lands, with different monitoring categories, of the 2013

BMP results to the past results in 2003 and 1995

- 1997.

88

± 12 78

± 16 79

± 15 98

± 2 93

± 7 97

± 3 96

± 3 71

± 13 99

± 14 91

± 7 100

± 0 97.2

± 1.5 94.9

± 1.8 97.8

1.2 97

± 0.9

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

Fuels and Spills RMZs Forest Roads Timber

Harvesting Wetlands Percent

Monitoring Category 

### Correct Application of BMPs on State Lands Compared to Past Years

1995-1997

2003

201327



## BMP Effectivene ss

After a BMP monitoring team decides whether or not a BMP is applicable to the site, they must decide

how effective the respective BMP application is in protecting water quality. There are five different

categorical effectiveness ratings that can be give n to any BMP question that is found to be applicable:

 No adverse impact to water quality

 Minor short

- term impact to water quality

 Minor long

- term impact to water quality

 Major short

- term impact to water quality

 Major long

- term impact to water quality

The types of impacts

, which describe the effectiveness of the BMPs , are conducted as qualitative

measu re s. These evaluations reflect only the point in time for which the monitoring team is present.

The monitoring teams are asked to use their best professional judgment as to what the type of impact

the effectiveness of the BMP will have on water quality.

 Short term may refer to an impact that lasts less than one year o r recurring for a short period of

time for multiple years.

 Long term may refer to an impact that lasts more than one year or persist for a significant

length of time for multiple years.

 Minor refers to an slight adverse impact on water quality

 Major refer s to a significant adverse impact on water quality

By describing these impacts as a point in time reflectiveness, it means that the best professional

expertise is used to rate how an impact is occurring on a specific site at that current time. This could

l ead to impacts being more or less serious depending on what happens to the site in the future. For

example, a huge rain event could wash out a culvert that appeared to be working well which would

cause greater adverse impact, or foresters could be planning to fix a road problem after spring break

- up,

causing less adverse impact.

Figure 16 . Slash was used to effectively cross an area in order to protect the soils from rutting.28



## BMP Effectiveness for ‘Correctly Applied’ BMPs

County

As to be expected, BMPs that were ‘correctly applied’ received very high effectiveness rates : 99.6% of

the time, no adverse impact to water quality was observed . Only two monitoring categories, ‘forest

roads’ and ‘wetlands’ received slightly lower rates, at 99%. All other monitor ing categories received

100% effectiveness ratings.



### State

When BMPs were ‘correctly applied’ on state lands, they were effective 100% of the time. This means

for every time a BMP was applicable and applied correctly, there were no negative impacts to wat er

quality observed on state lands.

Figure 17

. The effectiveness rates for BMPs that are ‘applied correctly’. They are additionally broken down by

monitoring categories and divided between state lands and county forests

.

100

± 0 100

± 0 99

± 1.4 100

± 0 99.1

± 1.3 99.6

± 0.4 100

± 0 100

± 0 100

± 0 100

± 0 100

± 0 100

± 0

96 97 98 99 100 101

Fuels, waste,

spills RMZs Forest roads Timber

harvesting Wetlands All Percent

Monitoring Category 

### Effectiveness rates at Protecting Water Quality when BMPs are 'Applied

Correctly'

County

State29



## BMP Effectiveness for ‘Not Applied’ BMPs

County

When BMPs we re ‘not applied’ on county forests , impacts to water quality were much more common

(Figure 18 ). Only 36.1% of the time, when a BMP wa s ‘not applied’ there was no negative impact on

water quality o bserved by the monitoring teams. This means almost 65% of the time, there were

negative impacts to water quality observed when a BMP was ‘not applied’. The most common impact

observed was ‘minor, short

- term impacts’, which occurred 50.8% of the time when a BMP was ‘not

applied’.



### State

Only minor impacts were found on state lands when BMPs were ‘not applied’ and the most common

result was still ‘ no adverse impact ’ at 76% (Fi gure 18 ). Negative impacts to water quality were found

24% of the time when BMPs were ‘not applied’. Both minor ‘ short

- term ’ and ‘ minor long

- term ’ impacts

were found, but only 12% of the time for each impact type. There were no ‘ major impacts ’ of any kind

found on state lands.

Figure 18 . Water quality impact rates when the BMPs were ‘not applied’ . They are divided between the different

types of impact rates and between landowners

– state and county.

36.1

± 16.8 11.5

± 12.5 50.8

± 22.8

1.6

± 3.3 0

± 0 76

± 19.1 12

± 12.3 12

± 16.4

0

± 0 0

± 0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

No Adverse

Impact Minor Short Term

Impact Minor Long Term

Impact Major Short Term

Impact Major Long Term

Impact Percent

Impact Type 

## Water Quality Impact Rates when BMPs are 'Not Applied'

county state30



# Conclusion and Recommendations

The resul ts from the 2013 monitoring cycle reveal that the BMP program has seen continued and

growing success. High rates of ‘correctly applying’ BMPs (93.0% county, 97.1% state) led to an even

higher rate of protecting water quality (99.6% county, 100% state). Eve n within this overall high

application rate however, individual BMP monitoring categories experience different amount s of

compliance. Forest roads, which are historically low, improved on state sites but failed to improve on

county sites. It still remains the BMP monitoring category that has the largest room for improvement.

Comparing BMPs that were ‘correctly applied’ to when BMPs are ‘ failed to be applied ’

– only 5.0%

county and 2.2% state

– water quality is protected far less often (36.1% county, 76% sta te). However,

even these are usually rated to be ‘ minor impacts ’ to water quality. The most direct way to protect

Wisconsin’s water quality even further is by continuing to improve the rate on which BMPs are correctly

applied

– especially on forest roads.

This reinforces the continued use of BMP program and all its derivatives, which includes:

 the education of BMPs to loggers, foresters, and landowners

 training monitoring teams to review harvest sites for BMP application and effectiveness

 producing reports to assess effectiveness and compliance with the BMP program

 Continue improving the BMP Field Manual and Monitoring Worksheet in order to incorporate

new scientific findings on water quality and to ensure clear understanding of all BMP rules,

guidelines, a nd goals.

With the sustained use of the BMP program we hope to see even greater correct application rates, and

therefore water quality protection, in the future for Wisconsin’s waters.31



## Appendix A: Methods

Selection of Timber Harvests

There were a total of 467 sales cut on state lands an d 1590 sales cut on county forests that were able to

be monitored for the 2013 BMP monitoring cycle. It was determined that 42 state sites and 33 county

sites were needed to en sure a sample size that held statistical validity

. A single stage cluster sampling

method (which used each sale as a cluster) was used for analysis. By assuring that 42 state and 33

county sites were monitored, this report could confidently (95% confidence interval) assess the accuracy

in that t he monitoring results were a true representation of the total number of sites cut on state and

county lands during the year 2012.

Bias and Limitations

Bias, with regard to BMP monitoring, is where one site is more likely to be selected than another

regard less of eligibility criteria. This type of bias can result in a skewed depiction of the total sales, and

was limited to the best possible extent.

One a rea that could have possibly le d to a bias in the selection of timber harvests was the blowdown

event tha t took place (mostly) in Burnett and Douglas County , summer 2011

. Both the state and county

owned, and was still working on, much of that blowdown area. This may have led to the size of harvest

becoming larger than it normally would have been (due to the l arge salvage harvests associated with

blowdown ev ents). Also, this would have prompted the harvest of areas concentrated to the blowdown

event that would not naturally occur. The c luster of sales, associated with this event can be seen by

looking a t the ‘T eam Aquamarine’ map in A ppendix D.

All sales that were thought to be cut in 2012 on state and county lands were entered into a database by

DNR personal and then passed to the DNR Forest Hydrologist and DNR BMP Forester to review. A bias

introduced intentionally by our eligibility criteria i nclude sites that have water resources and are close

enough to a road system for a monitoring team to walk to them in a timely manner. These intentional

biases are brought in so that monitoring teams can focus on sites that have the most possible BMPs

appl icable and that they can monitor those sites in a time effective manner.

To prevent unwanted bias, all sites were entered into a spreadsheet w h ere they were selected using a

random number generator. All sites that were randomly selected were determ ined to be eligible for

monitoring based on the set eligibility criteria found through the combination of: a trip to the site, and

satellite review through DNR Surface Water Data Viewer and Google Earth.32



## Appendix B : Eligibility Criteria

– Field Form333435



## Ap pendix C : 2013 BMP Monitoring Teams

Team 1: Duran Bjorklund, Chris Martin, Sue Reinke, Paul Hanson



## Team 2: Scott Mueller, Roberta Kunzman, Nick Crane, Laura Giese



## Team 3: Dave Kafura, Charlie Zinsmaster, Will Erickson, Robert Hurray



## Team 4: Kent Mikkelson, Quita Sheehan, Steven Kaufman, Manny Oradei



## Team 5: Peter Kinsman, Scott leonhardt, Ben Parsons, Brad Hutnick



## Team 6: Sara Sommer, Lowell Petersen, Joseph Mattke, Tim Allen



## Team 7: Steve Williamson, Randall Mell, Rachel McDonald, Matthew Hansen



## Team 8: St eve Kariainen, Joesph Kies, Craig Dalton, Greg Rebman36



## Appendix D: Team Maps373839404142434445



## Appendix E: Monitoring Worksheet 

# 2013 BMP Monitoring Worksheet

for Wisconsin's Forestry Best Management Practices for Water Quality

Objectives of BMP Monitoring

1) Determine the extent to which BMPs were applied on the selected sites.

2) Determine the effectiveness of properly applied BMPs in protecting water quality on the

selected sites.

3) Determine the effects of not applying BMPs where needed on the selected sites.

4) Obtain descriptive information about RMZs and buffer strips (where present) with respect to

size, vegetative composition, and past use.

The results of these objectives from BMP Monitoring will be used to:

* Identify trends

* Identify where modifications may be needed in the BMP field manual

* Identify research and information needs

* Educate landowner, loggers and foresters involved in the sites that are monitored

* Compare and contrast with other landowner categories

Timber Sale ID:

Landowner Name:

Date:

Team: Aquamarine Lime Olive

Chartreuse Malachite Sage

Jade Moss Verdigris

Non

- Team Members:

Age of Harvest:  Less than 1 y.o.  1 to 2 y.o.  More than 2 y.o.

 Unknown

Acres Harvested:

Weather Conditions:  Sunny  Partly Sunny  Cloudy/Overcast

 Rain  Snow  Drought

Any Extreme or Rare

Weather Events?  Yes  No

Please explain:46



### APPLICATION

Was the BMP applied at the sale?

1

-- BMP applied correctly

2

-- BMP applied but incorrectly

3

-- BMP not applied

4

-- Insufficient information to rate

X

-- BMP not applicable to the site (site or harvest

conditions not found on site) EFFECTIVENESS

What effect did applying (or not applying) the BMP

have?

1

-- No adverse impact

2

-- Minor short

- term impact

3

-- Minor long

- term impact

4

-- Major short

- term impact

5

-- Major long

- term impact

X

-- Effectiveness rating not applicable

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES APPLICATION

EFFECTIVENESS

COMMENTS/IMPACT

A. Fuels, Lubricants, Waste and Spills

Fuels, Lubricants, and Waste (p. 115)

1. Designate specific areas for equipment maintenance

and fueling. Locate these areas on level terrain, a

minimum of 100 feet from all streams and lakes.

2. Collect all waste lubricants, containers, and trash (i.e.

grease cartridges).

B. Riparian Management Zones

BMPs Common to All Three RMZ Categories (p. 90)

B

- a. Is there a lake or stream present in the area monitored

for the timber sale? (Check all that apply.)  Yes

– lake(s).

 Yes

– stream(s).

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section C

–

Forest Roads.

3. Locate roads outside the RMZ, unless necessary for

stream crossings.

4. Locate landings outside the RMZ.

5. Do not dispose of or pile slash within the RMZ.

6. Minimize soil exposure and compaction to protect

ground vegetation and the duff layer.

B

- b. Did harvesting occur within the RMZ?  Yes.  No.

B

- c. If harvesting occurred within the RMZ, what type of

equipment was used?

BMPs for Lakes, Designated Trout Streams, & Streams 3’ Wide & Wider (100’ RMZ) (p. 91)

B

- d. Is there a lake, designated trout stream, or stream 3’ wide or

wider in or adjacent to the harvest area of the timber sale?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question B

- i.

7. Do not operate wheeled or tracked equipment within 15 feet

of the ordinary high water mark (OHWM) except on roads

or at stream crossings.

8. Operate wheeled or tracked equipment within 15 to 50 feet

of the OHWM when the ground is frozen or dry.

9. Do not harvest fine woody material within 50 feet of the

OHWM.

10. Use selection harvests and promote long

- lived tree species

appropriate to the site.

11. Harvesting intervals should be a minimum of every 10 years47

12. Harvesting plans should leave at least 60 ft 2 of basal area per

acre in trees 5 inches DBH and larger, evenly distributed.

13. Develop trees 12 inches DBH and larger.

B

- e. The RMZ width....  Meets the minimum standard of 100 feet.

 Exceeds the minimum standard of 100 feet.

 Is less than the minimum standard of 100 feet.

 An RMZ was not used.

B

- f. If the RMZ width was modified, it was...  Increased ___________ feet.

 Decreased ___________ feet.

B

- g. The basal area retained within the RMZ was...  0

– 20 sq. ft./acre

 20

– 40 sq. ft./acre

 40

– 60 sq. ft./acre

 60

– 80 sq. ft./acre

 More than 80 sq. ft./acre

B

- h. The pre

- harvest condition of the RMZ was...  Forested the entire width

 Forested greater than 50% of the width

 Forested less than 50% of the width

 Not forested (tag alders or sedge meadow)

BMPs for Stream Less Than 3’ Wide (35’ RMZ) (p. 92)

B

- i. Is there a stream less than 3 feet wide in or adjacent to the

harvest area of the timber sale?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question B

- n.

14. Operate wheeled or tracked harvesting equipment within 15

feet of the ordinary high water mark (OHWM), only when

the ground is frozen or dry.

15. Do not harvest fine woody material within 15 feet of the

OHWM.

16. Use selection harvests and promote long

- lived tree species

appropriate to the site.

17. Harvesting intervals should be a minimum of every 10 years.

18. Harvesting plans should leave at least 60 ft 2 of basal area per

acre in trees 5 inches DBH and larger, evenly distributed.

B

- j. The RMZ width....  Meets the minimum standard of 35 feet.

 Exceeds the minimum standard of 35 feet.

 Is less than the minimum standard of 35 feet.

 An RMZ was not used.

B

- k. If the RMZ width was modified, it was...  Increased ___________ feet.

 Decreased ___________ feet.

B

- l. The basal area retained within the RMZ was...  0

– 20 sq. ft./acre

 20

– 40 sq. ft./acre

 40

– 60 sq. ft./acre

 60

– 80 sq. ft./acre

 More than 80 sq. ft./acre

B

- m. The pre

- harvest condition of the RMZ was...  Forested the entire width

 Forested greater than 50% of the width

 Forested less than 50% of the width

 Not forested (tag alders or sedge meadow)48

BMPs for Streams Less Than 1’ Wide (35’ RMZ) (p. 93)

B

- n. Is there a stream less than 1 foot wide in or adjacent to the

harvest area of the timber sale?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section C

– Forest

Roads.

19. Operate wheeled or tracked harvesting equipment within 15

feet of the ordinary high

- water mark (OHWM) only when

the ground is frozen or dry.

20. Do not harvest fine woody material within 15 feet of the

OHWM.

B

- o. The RMZ width....  Meets the minimum standard of 35 feet.

 Exceeds the minimum standard of 35 feet.

 Is less than the minimum standard of 35 feet.

 An RMZ was not used.

B

- p. If the RMZ width was modified, it was...  Increased ___________ feet.

 Decreased ___________ feet.

B

- q. The basal area retained within the RMZ was...  0

– 20 sq. ft./acre

 20

– 40 sq. ft./acre

 40

– 60 sq. ft./acre

 60

– 80 sq. ft./acre

 More than 80 sq. ft./acre

B

- r. The pre

- harvest condition of the RMZ was...  Forested the entire width

 Forested greater than 50% of the width

 Forested less than 50% of the width

 Not forested (tag alders or sedge meadow)

C. Forest Roads

Location and Design of Forest Roads (p. 37 & 44)

C

- a. Was there a forest road system for this timber sale?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section D

– Timber

Harvesting.

C

- b. What best describes the forest road design? (Check all that

apply.)  Crowned

 Out

- sloped  In

- sloped

 Flat

C

- c. What best describes the predominant construction of forest

roads?  Roads are below the grade of adjoining land.

 Roads are at grade with no ditch constructed.

 Roads have an excavated ditch less than 1 foot deep.

 Roads have an excavated ditch greater than 1 foot deep.

 Roads were created by cut and fill on s ide slopes.

 Roads were constructed of fill material with no

excavation.

 Roads are a combination of these types.

C

- d. Was there an existing forest road system for this timber sale?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question C

- e.

21. Use existing roads when they provide the best long

- term

access.

C

- e. Were forest roads constructed or improved for this timber

sale?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question C

- d

22. Select road locations that allow for drainage away from the

road.

23. Where possible, locate roads on well

- drained soils.

24. Minimize the number of stream, dry wash, and wetland

crossings.49

25. Locate roads outside of riparian management zones and

wetland filter strips, except at crossings

26. Road grades should not exceed 10%. If road grades greater

than 10% are necessary, limit grade length or break the grade

using drainage structures.

27. Construct roads to follow natural contours and minimize cut

and fills.

28. Construct roads to remove water from road surfaces.

29. Construct stable cut and fill slopes that will re

- vegetate

easily, either naturally or artificially.

30. Do not bury debris in the road base.

Drainage Structures on Forest Roads (p. 53)

C

- f. Were forest roads constructed or improved for this timber

sale?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question 35.

31. Install drainage structures to remove water from road surface

and ditches.

32. Install a berm at the inlets of drainage structures, if needed,

to direct water into the structures.

33. Provide erosion protection at the outlets of drainage

structures to minimize erosion and disperse the water.

34. Install drainage structures at grades of at least 2% more than

the ditch grade and at a 30 to 45 degree angle to the road.

35. Check drainage structures to ensure that they are not filling

with sediment or other debris. Clean if needed.

C

- g. What types of drainage structure were used on the road

system? (check all that apply)  New cross drain culvert(s). Go to Question 36.

 Existing cross drain culvert(s)

 New open

- top culvert(s)

 Existing open

- top culvert(s)

 New broad

- based dip(s). Go to Question 37.

 Existing broad

- based dip(s)

 New water bar(s)

 Existing water bar(s)

 New diversion ditch(es)

 Existing diversion ditch(es)

 No drainage structures were used

Cross Drain Culverts for Drainage on Forest Roads (pp. 54)

36. Install cross drain culverts long enough to extend beyond the

road fill.

Broad

- based Dips for Drainage on Forest Roads (p. 54)

37. Construct broad

- based dips deep enough to provide adequate

drainage and wide enough to allow trucks and equipment to

pass safely.

Soil Stabilization on Forest Roads (p. 56)

38. Use seed, mulch and/or erosion control netting where

necessary to minimize soil erosion into lakes, streams and

wetlands. See Tables 4

- 3 and 4

- 4.

39. Install sediment control structures where necessary to slow

the flow of runoff and trap sediment until vegetation is

established at the sediment source. See Tables 4

- 3 and 4

- 4.

40. Maintain, clean and/or replace sediment control structures

until areas of exposed soil are stabilized.50

Forest Road Maintenance

– Active Forest Roads (p. 61)

C

- h. Does the forest road system include active roads? Roads are

considered active if they continue to be used by the landowner

and/or public for multiple uses, such as forest management,

hunting and recreation.  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question C

- i.

41. Inspect the road system at regular intervals. Clear debris

from drainage struc tures to prevent clogging that can lead to

washouts.

42. Keep traffic to a minimum during wet periods and spring

break

- up to reduce maintenance needs.

43. Shape road surfaces periodically to maintain proper surface

drainage. Fill in ruts and holes with gravel or compacted fill

as soon as possible to reduce erosion potential.

44. Remove berms along the edge of the road if they will trap

water on the road.

45. When dust control agents are used, apply them in a manner

that will keep these compounds from entering lakes, stream

and groundwater.

Forest Roads Maintenance

– Inactive Forest Roads (p. 62)

C

- i. Does the forest road system include inactive roads? Inactive

roads are not used for extended periods of time and may be closed

by gates, berms, boulders, pits or other measures that make

vehicle passage unlikely in order to protect the road surface and

water protection measures. In some instances, the length of time

and/or reason for closure may be posted and acceptable uses may

be invited to assu re compliance with the road closure.  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question C

-

j.

46. Remove all temporary drainage and crossing structures.

47. Shape all road system surfaces to maintain proper surface

drainage, if necessary.

48. Inspect and maintain road surfaces, drainage structures, and

crossings to minimize erosion.

General BMPs for Stream Crossings on Forest Roads (p. 67

- 68)

C

- j. Was a stream crossed in forest road system?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section D

– Timber

Harvesting.

C

- k. Which of the following best describe the stream crossing?  New crossing used. Go to next question.

 Existing stream crossing used. Go to Question 55.

 Both new and existing stream crossings used. Go to next

question.51

49. Identify optimum stream crossing locations: straight and

narrow stream channels; low banks; firm rocky soil; keep

approaches at the least gradient possible.

50. Install stream crossing structures at right angles to the stream

channel.

51. Install stream crossings using materials that are clean, non

erodible and non

- toxic to aquatic life.

52. Minimize channel changes and the amount of excavation or

fill needed at the crossing.

53. Limit construction activity in the streambed to periods of

low or normal flow. Keep use of equipment in the stream to

a minimum.

54. Use soil stabilization practices on exposed soil at stream

crossings.

55. Design, construct and maintain stream crossings to avoid

disrupting the migration/movement of fish and other aquatic

life.

56. Use diversion ditches, broad

- based dips, or other practices

on the road approaches to prevent road runoff from entering

the stream.

57. Stabilize approaches to crossings with aggregate or other

suitable material to reduce sediment entering the stream.

C

- l. What type of stream crossings were used in the forest road

system?  Bridges

 Culverts

 Fords

 Pole fords (PVC or logs)

 Timber mats

 Frozen snow/ice crossing

 Other: __________________________________

 Stream crossed without any structure

Stream Crossing BMPs for Culverts on Forest Roads (p.69)

C

- m. Were culverts used as stream crossing structures on the

forest roads?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question C

- o.

C

- n. Which of the following best describe the stream crossing

structure(s)?  New culvert(s) were installed. Go to next question.

 Existing culvert(s) were used. Go to Question 63.

 Both new and existing culvert(s) were used. Go to next

question.

58. Install culverts that extend at least 1 foot beyond the road

fill.

59. Install culverts that are large enough to pass flood flows.

60. Install culverts so there in no change in the stream bottom

elevation. Culverts should not dam or pool water.

61. Firmly compact material around culverts, particularly the

bottom half. To prevent crushing, cover the top of culverts

with fill to a depth of 1/3 the culvert diameter or at least 12

inches, whichever is greater.

62. Use riprap around the inlet and outlet of culverts to prevent

water from eroding and undercutting the culvert.52

63. Keep culverts clear and free of debris so that water can pass

unimpeded at all times.

Stream Crossing BMPs for Fords on Forest Roads (p. 70)

C

- o. Were fords installed as stream crossing structures on the

forest roads?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question C

- p.

64. Locate fords where stream banks are low.

65. Locate where the stream bed has a firm rock or gravel

streambed.

Temporary Stream Crossing BMPs on Forest Roads (p. 71)

C

- p. Were temporary stream crossing structures installed on

the forest roads?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section D

– Timber

Harvesting.

66. Use temporary stream crossings such as timber mats, pole

fords, or frozen fords when appropriate.

67. Anchor temporary structures on one end with a cable or

other device so they do not float away during high water.

D. Timber Harvesting

Landings BMPs (p. 74)

D

- a. Were there any existing landings available for this timber

sale?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question 69.

68. Use existing landings if possible.

69. Locate landings on frozen ground or on firm well

- drained

soils with a slight slope or that have been shaped to promote

efficient drainage.

70. Locate residue piles (sawdust, chipping residue, and other

material) away from areas where runoff may wash residue

into streams, lakes or wetlands.

Skid Trail BMPs (p. 39)

71. Where possible, keep skid trail grades less than 15%. Where

steep grades are unavoidable, break the grade and install

drainage structures at recommended intervals. Grades greater

than 15% should not exceed 300 feet in length.

72. Use existing skid trails if they provide the best long

- term

access.

General Timber Harvesting BMPs (p. 76)

73. Limit the length and number of skid trails, landing, and

stream crossing to the minimum necessary for conducting

the harvest operation and to meet the landowner’s objectives.

74. Whenever possible, winch logs up steep slopes if

conventional skidding could cause erosion that affects water

quality.

75. Avoid operating equipment where excessive soil

compaction, rutting, or channelized runoff may cause

erosion that affects water quality.53

76. Fill in ruts, apply seed and mulch, and install sediment

control structures and drainage structures on skid trails and

landings where needed to prevent erosion and sedimentation

into surface waters.

77. Inspect soil stabilization practices periodically during and

after harvest operations to insure that they are successf ul and

remain functional.

78. Do not dispose of or pile slash in areas where runoff may

wash slash into lakes, streams, or wetlands.

79. For winter harvesting, mark stream channels, dry washes,

and existing culvert locations before snowfall.

Dry Wash BMPs (p.78)

D

- b. Are there any dry washes associated with the timber

harvest?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question D

- c.

80. Use selection harvests or patch clear

- cuts within 35 feet of

the dry wash to promote tree species appropriate to the site.

81. Avoid locating roads and landings within 35 feet of the dry

wash unless necessary for crossings.

82. Operate wheeled or tracked equipment within 15 feet of the

dry wash only when the ground is frozen or dry.

83. Do not harvest fine woody material within 15 feet of the dry

wash.

84. Minimize soil exposure and compaction to protect ground

vegetation and the duff layer.

85. Avoid cabling logs across the dry wash, where feasible, to

prevent damage to the banks of the dry wash.

General BMPs for Stream Crossings on Skid Trails (p. 67

- 68)

D

- c. Are there any stream crossings associated with the skid

trails?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section E

– Wetlands.

D

- d. Which of the following best describe the stream crossing?  New crossing used. Go to next question.

 Existing stream crossing used. Go to Question 92.

 Both new and existing stream crossings used. Go to next

question.

86. Identify optimum stream crossing locations: straight and

narrow stream channels; low banks; firm rocky soil; keep

approaches at the least gradient possible.

87. Install stream crossing structures at right angles to the stream

channel.

88. Install stream crossings using materials that are clean, non

erodible and non

- toxic to aquatic life.

89. Minimize channel changes and the amount of excavation or

fill needed at the crossing.

90. Limit construction activity in the streambed to periods of

low or normal flow. Keep use of equipment in the stream to

a minimum.

91. Use soil stabilization practices on exposed soil at stream

crossings.

92. Design, construct and maintain stream crossings to avoid

disrupting the migration/movement of fish and other aquatic

life.

93. Use diversion ditches, broad

- based dips, or other practices

on the road approaches to prevent road runoff from entering

the stream.5 4

94. Stabilize approaches to crossings with aggregate or other

suitable material to reduce sediment entering the stream.

D

- e. What type of stream crossings were used on the skid trails?  Bridges

 Culverts

 Fords

 Pole fords (PVC or logs)

 Timber mats

 Frozen snow/ice crossing

 Other: __________________________________

 Stream crossed without any structure

Stream Crossing BMPs for Culverts on Skid Trails (p. 69)

D

- f. Were pipe culverts used for crossing streams on skid trails?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question D

- h.

D

- g. Which of the following best describe the stream crossing

structure(s)?  New culvert(s) were installed. Go to next question.

 Existing culvert(s) were used. Go to Question 100.

 Both new and existing culvert(s) were used. Go to next

question.

95. Install culverts that extend at least 1 foot beyond the road

fill.

96. Install culverts that are large enough to pass flood flows.

97. Install culverts so there in no change in the stream bottom

elevation. Culverts should not dam or pool water.

98. Firmly compact material around culverts, particularly the

bottom half. To prevent crushing, cover the top of culverts

with fill to a depth of 1/3 the culvert diameter or at least 12

inches, whichever is greater.

99. Use riprap around the inlet and outlet of culverts to prevent

water from eroding and undercutting the culvert.

100. Keep culverts clear and free of debris so that water can pass

unimpeded at all times.

Fords for Stream Crossings on Skid Trails (p. 27 & 40)

D

- h. Were fords used for crossing streams on skid trails?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question D

-

j.

D

- i. Which of the following best describe the stream crossing

structure(s)?  New ford(s) were installed. Go to next question.

 Existing ford(s) were used. Go to Question D

- h.

 Both new and existing ford(s) were used. Go to next

question.

101. Locate fords where stream banks are low.

102. Locate where the stream bed has a firm rock or gravel

streambed.55

Temporary Stream Crossing BMPs on Skid Trails (p. 71)

D

- j. Were temporary stream crossing structures installed on

skid trails?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section E

– Wetlands.

103. Use temporary stream crossings such as timber mats, pole

fords, or frozen fords when appropriate.

104. Anchor temporary structures on one end with a cable or

other device so they do not float away during high water.

E. Wetlands

General Wetland BMPs (p.100)

E

- a. Is there a wetland present?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section F

– Supplemental Questions.

105. Whenever practical, avoid locating roads and landings in

wetlands; otherwise use extreme caution.

106. Whenever possible, forest management activities in wetlands

should occur on frozen ground to minimize rutting.

107. Do not dispose of or move upland slash into a wetland. Slash

from trees harvested within the wetland may remain in the

wetland.

E

- b. What best describes the source of slash deposition in

the wetland?  Slash was moved into the wetland from the uplands.

 Slash was from trees harvested in the wetlands.

 No slash was left in the wetland.

108. Keep slash out of open water.

109. Whenever practical, avoid equipment maintenance and

fueling in wetlands.

Wetland Filter Strip BMPs (p.101)

110. Whenever practical, avoid locating roads and landings in the

wetland filter strip; otherwise use extreme caution.

111. Minimize soil exposure and compaction to protect the

ground vegetation and the duff layer in the wetland filter

strip.

112. Operate equipment in the wetland filter strip only when the

ground is firm or frozen.

Wetland Roads, Skid Trails, and Landings (pp. 105

- 108)

E

- c. Were any wetlands crossed to access or to harvest the timber

sale or were any wetlands used as landings?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Section F

– Supplemental Questions.

113. Construct upland approaches to the wetland so the surface

runoff is diverted away from the road approach prior to

reaching the wetland.

114. If landings are necessary in a wetland, build them to the

minimum size required for the operation and to achieve the

landowner’s objective.56

115. Avoid operating equipment in areas of open water, springs,

or seeps.

116. Provide for adequate cross

- road drainage in roads to

minimize changes to natural surface and subsurface flow in

the wetland.

117. Use low ground pressure equipment, such as wide tire or

tracked equipment, if necessary to minimize rutting.

118. Minimize rutting in wetlands by conducting forestry

activities on firm or frozen ground that can support the

equipment.

119. Cease equipment operations when rutting becomes

excessive.

F. Supplemental Questions

Water Resources

F

- a. Are there any springs or seeps present?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question F

- d.

F

- b. Was there a skid trail or forest road in a spring or seep?  Yes.

Go to next question.  No.

Go to Question F

- d.

F

- c. What was the impact on the spring or seep?  No adverse impact to water quality.

 Minor short

- term impacts to water quality

 Minor long

- term impacts to water quality.

 Major short

- term impacts to water quality.

 Major long

- term impacts to water quality.

Timber Harvesting

F

- d. What is the dominant cover type(s) of the harvested area?

(check all that apply)  Aspen

 Spruce/Fir

 Pine

 Maple/Basswood

 Oak/Hickory

 Bottomland Hardwoods

 Swamp Conifers

 Other:

F

- e. If the dominant tree species that were harvested are different

than the dominant cover type, what types of tree species were

harvested?  Aspen

 Spruce/Fir

 Pine

 Maple/Basswood

 Oak/Hickory

 Bottomland Hardwoods

 Swamp Conifers

 Other:

F

- f. What best describes the silvicultural prescription(s) used?  Clearcut

 Clearcut with reserves

 Shelterwood

 Seedtree

 Selection harvest

 Other:

F

- g. What best describes the timber stand improvements that were

used, if any.  Pre

- commercial thinning

 Crop tree release

 Other:

 None

 Shortwood (cut

- to

- length)

F

- h. What best describes the type of harvesting system(s) used?  Tree

- length (pole skidding)57

(check all that apply)  Whole tree (chipping operation)

 Other:

 Wheeled

F

- i. What best describes the logging equipment used?  Tracked

 Both

 Other:

F

- j. Was this a salvage operation?  Yes  No.

F

- k. What season(s) did harvesting occur?  Spring (March

– May)

 Summer (June

– August)

 Fall (September

– November)

 Winter (December

– February)

 Unknown

Overall Evaluation

F

- l. What were some of the positive aspects of this timber sale?

F

- m. With respect to water quality, what could have been done better?

F

- n. How would you rate this site for the overall application of

BMPs for water quality?  1 = Total negligence

 2 = Poor

 3 = Average

 4 = Good

 5 = Excellent

F

- o. How would you rate this site for its overall impact on water

quality?  1 = Severe impacts to water quality

 2 = Moderate impacts to water quality

 3 = Slight impacts to water quality

 4 = Negligible impacts to water quality

 5 = No visible impacts to water quality58 

## GPS and Photo Waypoint Log

(Important for documenting waypoint data)

Lat/Long/Waypoint Name Description of Waypoint and Photo Date and Time59



## Appendix F

- 1 : State Results

Timber Sales Application

Rating Effectiveness

Rating

BMP Application Total No

Adverse

Impact Minor

Short

Term

Impact Minor

Long

Term

Impact Major

Short

Term

Impact Major

Long

Term

Impact

Summary of

ALL BMPs Not Applicable 3785

Insufficient

Information 32

Applied Correctly 1147 1147 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 8 2 6 0 0 0

Not Applied 26 21 3 2 0 0

Fuels, Lubricants, Waste, and Spills

1. Designate soecific areas for

equipment maintenance and

fueling. Locate these areas on level

terrain, a minimum of 100 feet

from all lakes and streams. Not Applicable 0

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 42 42 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

2. Collect all waste lubricants,

containers and trash (i.e. grease

cartridges). Not Applicable 0

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 42 42 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

Riparian Management Zones

3. Locate roads outside the RMZ,

unless necessary for stream

crossings. Not Applicable 14

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 27 27 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

4. Locate landings outside the RMZ. Not Applicable 8

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 34 34 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. Do not dispose of or pile slash

within the RMZ. Not Applicable 9

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 31 31 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

6. Minimize soil exposure and

compaction to protect ground

vegetation and the duff layer. Not Applicable 12

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 29 29 0 0 0 060 Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

7. Do not operate wheeled or

tracked equipment within 15 feet

of the ordinary high water mark

(OHWM) except on roads or at

stream crossings. Not Applicable 15

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 26 26 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

8. Operate wheeled or tracked

equipment within 15 to 50 feet of

the OHWM when the ground is

frozen or dry. Not Applicable 19

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 22 22 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

9. Do not harvest fine woody

material within 50 feet of the

OHWM. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 11 11 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

10. Use selection harvests and

promote long

- lived tree species

appropriate to the site. Not Applicable 22

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 17 17 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

11. Harvesting intervals should be a

minimum of every 10 years. Not Applicable 18

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 24 24 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. Harvesting plans should leave

at least 60 ft2 of basal area per

acre in trees 5 inches DBH and

larger, evenly distributed. Not Applicable 21

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 19 19 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 2 1 1 0 0 0

13. Develop trees 12 inches DBH

and larger. Not Applicable 23

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 19 19 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

14. Operate wheeled or tracked

harvesting equipment within 15

feet of the ordinary high water

mark (OHWM), only when the

ground is frozen or dry. Not Applicable 39

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 061 Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

15. Do not harvest fine woody

material within 15 feet of the

OHWM. Not Applicable 40

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

16. Use selection harvests and

promote long

- lived tree species

appropriate to the site. Not Applicable 39

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

17. Harvesting intervals should be a

minimum of every 10 years. Not Applicable 39

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

18. Harvesting plans should leave

at least 60 ft2 of basal area per

acre in trees 5 inches DBH and

larger, evenly distributed. Not Applicable 39

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

19. Operate wheeled or tracked

harvesting equipment within 15

feet of the ordinary high

- water

mark (OHWM) only when the

ground is frozen or dry. Not Applicable 40

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

20. Do not harvest fine woody

material within 15 feet of the

OHWM. Not Applicable 41

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest Roads

21. Use existing roads when they

provide the best long

- term access. Not Applicable 12

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 30 30 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

22. Select road locations that allow

for drainage away from the road. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 10 10 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 062 Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

23. Where possible, locate roads on

well

- drained soils. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 11 11 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

24. Minimize the number of

stream, dry wash, and wetland

crossings. Not Applicable 34

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 8 8 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

25. Locate roads outside of riparian

management zones and wetland

filter strips, except at crossings Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 11 11 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

26. Road grades should not exceed

10%. If road grades greater than

10% are necessary, limit grade

length or break the grade using

drainage structures. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 8 8 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

27. Construct roads to follow

natural contours and minimize cut

and fills. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 10 10 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

28. Construct roads to remove

water from road surfaces. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 9 9 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

29. Construct stable cut and fill

slopes that will re

- vegetate easily,

either naturally or artificially. Not Applicable 37

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

30. Do not bury debris in the road

base. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 10 10 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 063

31. Install drainage structures to

remove water from road surface

and ditches. Not Applicable 37

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

32. Install a berm at the inlets of

drainage structures, if needed, to

direct water into the structures. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

33. Provide erosion protection at

the outlets of drainage structures

to minimize erosion and disperse

the water. Not Applicable 40

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

34. Install drainage structures at

grades of at least 2% more than the

ditch grade and at a 30 to 45

degree angle to the road. Not Applicable 39

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

35. Check drainage structures to

ensure that they are not filling with

sediment or other debris. Clean if

needed. Not Applicable 40

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

36. Install cross drain culverts long

enough to extend beyond the road

fill. Not Applicable 41

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

37. Construct broad

- based dips

deep enough to provide adequate

drainage and wide enough to allow

trucks and equipment to pass

safely. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

38. Use seed, mulch and/or erosion

control netting where necessary to

minimize soil erosion into lakes,

streams and wetlands. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 9 9 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

39. Install sediment control Not Applicable 4164

structures where necessary to slow

the flow of runoff and trap

sediment until vegetation is

established at the sediment source. Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

40. Maintain, clean and/or replace

sediment control structures until

areas of exposed soil are stabilized. Not Applicable 41

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

41. Inspect the road system at

regular intervals. Clear debris from

drainage structures to prevent

clogging that can lead to washouts. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 2

Applied Correctly 9 9 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

42. Keep traffic to a minimum

during wet periods and spring

break

- up to reduce maintenance

needs. Not Applicable 29

Insufficient

Information 2

Applied Correctly 10 10 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

43. Shape road surfaces

periodically to maintain proper

surface drainage. Fill in ruts and

holes with gravel or compacted fill

as soon as possible to reduce

erosion potential. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 2

Applied Correctly 5 5 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 2 2 0 0 0 0

44. Remove berms along the edge

of the road if they will trap water

on the road. Not Applicable 37

Insufficient

Information 2

Applied Correctly 3 1 0 2 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

45. When dust control agents are

used, apply them in a manner that

will keep these compounds from

entering lakes, stream and

groundwater. Not Applicable 40

Insufficient

Information 2

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

46. Remove all temporary drainage

and crossing structures. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

47. Shape all road system surfaces

to maintain proper surface Not Applicable 27

Insufficient 065

drainage, if necessary. Information

Applied Correctly 15 15 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

48. Inspect and maintain road

surfaces, drainage structures, and

crossings to minimize erosion. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 15 15 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

49. Identify optimum stream

crossing locations: straight and

narrow stream channels; low

banks; firm rocky soil; keep

approaches at the least gradient

possible. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

50. Install stream crossing

structures at right angles to the

stream channel. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

51. Install stream crossings using

materials that are clean, non

-

erodible and non

- toxic to aquatic

life. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

52. Minimize channel changes and

the amount of excavation or fill

needed at the crossing. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

53. Limit construction activity in

the streambed to periods of low or

normal flow. Keep use of

equipment in the stream to a

minimum. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

54. Use soil stabilization practices

on exposed soil at stream

crossings. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

55. Design, construct and maintain

stream crossings to avoid

disrupting the Not Applicable 41

Insufficient

Information 066

migration/movement of fish and

other aquatic life. Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

56. Use diversion ditches, broad

- based dips, or other practices on

the road approaches to prevent

road runoff from entering the

stream. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

57. Stabilize approaches to

crossings with aggregate or other

suitable material to reduce

sediment entering the stream. Not Applicable 41

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

58. Install culverts that extend at

least 1 foot beyond the road fill. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

59. Install culverts that are large

enough to pass flood flows. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

60. Install culverts so there in no

change in the stream bottom

elevation. Culverts should not dam

or pool water. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

61. Firmly compact material around

culverts, particularly the bottom

half. To prevent crushing, cover the

top of culverts with fill to a depth

of 1/3 the culvert diameter or at

least 12 inches, whichever is

greater. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

62. Use riprap around the inlet and

outlet of culverts to prevent water

from eroding and undercutting the

culvert. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

63. Keep culverts clear and free of

debris so that water can pass

unimpeded at all times. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 067 Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

64. Locate fords where stream

banks are low. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

65. Locate where the stream bed

has a firm rock or gravel

streambed. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

66. Use temporary stream

crossings such as timber mats, pole

fords, or frozen fords when

appropriate. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

67. Anchor temporary structures

on one end with a cable or other

device so they do not float away

during high water. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

Timber Harvesting

68. Use existing landings if possible. Not Applicable 23

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 19 19 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

69. Locate landings on frozen

ground or on firm well

- drained soils

with a slight slope or that have

been shaped to promote efficient

drainage. Not Applicable 0

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 42 42 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

70. Locate residue piles (sawdust,

chipping residue, and other

material) away from areas where

runoff may wash residue into

streams, lakes or wetlands. Not Applicable 12

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 30 30 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

71. Where possible, keep skid trail

grades less than 15%. Where steep

grades are unavoidable, break the

grade and install drainage Not Applicable 15

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 26 26 0 0 0 068

structures at recommended

intervals. Grades greater than 15%

should not exceed 300 feet in

length. Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

72. Use existing skid trails if they

provide the best long

- term access. Not Applicable 24

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 18 18 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

73. Limit the length and number of

skid trails, landing, and stream

crossing to the minimum necessary

for conducting the harvest

operation and to meet the

landowner’s objectives. Not Applicable 1

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 40 40 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

74. Whenever possible, winch logs

up steep slopes if conventional

skidding could cause erosion that

affects water quality. Not Applicable 40

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

75. Avoid operating equipment

where excessive soil compaction,

rutting, or channelized runoff may

cause erosion that affects water

quality. Not Applicable 2

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 39 39 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

76. Fill in ruts, apply seed and

mulch, and install sediment control

structures and drainage structures

on skid trails and landings where

needed to prevent erosion and

sedimentation into surface waters. Not Applicable 34

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 7 7 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

77. Inspect soil stabilization

practices periodically during and

after harvest operations to insure

that they are successful and remain

functional. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 10 10 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

78. Do not dispose of or pile slash

in areas where runoff may wash

slash into lakes, streams, or

wetlands. Not Applicable 3

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 37 37 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

79. For winter harvesting, mark

stream channels, dry washes, and

existing culvert locations before

snowfall. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 7 7 0 0 0 069 Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

80. Use selection harvests or patch

clear

- cuts within 35 feet of the dry

wash to promote tree species

appropriate to the site. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. Avoid locating roads and

landings within 35 feet of the dry

wash unless necessary for

crossings. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. Operate wheeled or tracked

equipment within 15 feet of the dry

wash only when the ground is

frozen or dry. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

83. Do not harvest fine woody

material within 15 feet of the dry

wash. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

84. Minimize soil exposure and

compaction to protect ground

vegetation and the duff layer. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

85. Avoid cabling logs across the

dry wash, where feasible, to

prevent damage to the banks of

the dry wash. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

86. Identify optimum stream

crossing locations: straight and

narrow stream channels; low

banks; firm rocky soil; keep

approaches at the least gradient

possible. Not Applicable 37

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 5 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

87. Install stream crossing

structures at right angles to the

stream channel. Not Applicable 38

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 4 4 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 070 Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

88. Install stream crossings using

materials that are clean, non

-

erodible and non

- toxic to aquatic

life. Not Applicable 38

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 4 4 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

89. Minimize channel changes and

the amount of excavation or fill

needed at the crossing. Not Applicable 37

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 5 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

90. Limit construction activity in

the streambed to periods of low or

normal flow. Keep use of

equipment in the stream to a

minimum. Not Applicable 37

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 5 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

91. Use soil stabilization practices

on exposed soil at stream

crossings. Not Applicable 40

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

92. Design, construct and maintain

stream crossings to avoid

disrupting the

migration/movement of fish and

other aquatic life. Not Applicable 37

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 5 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

93. Use diversion ditches, broad

- based dips, or other practices on

the road approaches to prevent

road runoff from entering the

stream. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

94. Stabilize approaches to

crossings with aggregate or other

suitable material to reduce

sediment entering the stream. Not Applicable 39

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

95. Install culverts that extend at

least 1 foot beyond the road fill. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 071

96. Install culverts that are large

enough to pass flood flows. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

97. Install culverts so there in no

change in the stream bottom

elevation. Culverts should not dam

or pool water. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

98. Firmly compact material around

culverts, particularly the bottom

half. To prevent crushing, cover the

top of culverts with fill to a depth

of 1/3 the culvert diameter or at

least 12 inches, whichever is

greater. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

99. Use riprap around the inlet and

outlet of culverts to prevent water

from eroding and undercutting the

culvert. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

100. Keep culverts clear and free of

debris so that water can pass

unimpeded at all times. Not Applicable 42

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

101. Locate fords where stream

banks are low. Not Applicable 39

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

102. Locate where the stream bed

has a firm rock or gravel

streambed. Not Applicable 40

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

103. Use temporary stream

crossings such as timber mats, pole

fords, or frozen fords when

appropriate. Not Applicable 37

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 5 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

104. Anchor temporary structures Not Applicable 3872

on one end with a cable or other

device so they do not float away

during high water. Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 3 3 0 0 0 0

Wetlands

105. Whenever practical, avoid

locating roads and landings in

wetlands; otherwise use extreme

caution. Not Applicable 8

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 34 34 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

106. Whenever possible, forest

management activities in wetlands

should occur on frozen ground to

minimize rutting. Not Applicable 20

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 18 18 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 3 2 1 0 0 0

107. Do not dispose of or move

upland slash into a wetland. Slash

from trees harvested within the

wetland may remain in the

wetland. Not Applicable 8

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 32 32 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 2 2 0 0 0 0

108. Keep slash out of open water. Not Applicable 19

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 22 22 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 1 0 0 0

109. Whenever practical, avoid

equipment maintenance and

fueling in wetlands. Not Applicable 9

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 33 33 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

110. Whenever practical, avoid

locating roads and landings in the

wetland filter strip; otherwise use

extreme caution. Not Applicable 9

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 33 33 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

111. Minimize soil exposure and

compaction to protect the ground

vegetation and the duff layer in the

wetland filter strip. Not Applicable 8

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 34 34 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

112. Operate equipment in the Not Applicable 1273

wetland filter strip only when the

ground is firm or frozen. Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 30 30 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

113. Construct upland approaches

to the wetland so the surface

runoff is diverted away from the

road approach prior to reaching

the wetland. Not Applicable 35

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 5 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 2 2 0 0 0 0

114. If landings are necessary in a

wetland, build them to the

minimum size required for the

operation and to achieve the

landowner’s objective. Not Applicable 41

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

115. Avoid operating equipment in

areas of open water, springs, or

seeps. Not Applicable 35

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 7 7 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

116. Provide for adequate cross

- road drainage in roads to minimize

changes to natural surface and

subsurface flow in the wetland. Not Applicable 39

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

117. Use low ground pressure

equipment, such as wide tire or

tracked equipment, if necessary to

minimize rutting. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 11 11 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

118. Minimize rutting in wetlands

by conducting forestry activities on

firm or frozen ground that can

support the equipment. Not Applicable 29

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 13 13 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

119. Cease equipment operations

when rutting becomes excessive. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 9 9 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 074



## Appendix F

- 2 : County Sales

Timber Sales Application

Rating Effectiveness

Rating

BMP BMP Application Total No

Adverse

Impact Minor

Short

Term

Impact Minor

Long

Term

Impact Major

Short

Term

Impact Major

Long

Term

Impact

Summary of

ALL BMPs Not Applicable 2686

Insufficient

Information 6

Applied Correctly 1152 1143 8 1 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 21 2 9 10 0 0

Not Applied 62 23 10 28 1 0

Fuels, Lubricants, Waste, and

Spills

1. Designate soecific areas for

equipment maintenance and

fueling. Locate these areas on level

terrain, a minimum of 100 feet

from all lakes and streams. Not Applicable 0

Insufficient

Information 2

Applied Correctly 31 31 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

2. Collect all waste lubricants,

containers and trash (i.e. grease

cartridges). Not Applicable 0

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 32 32 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

Riparian Management Zones

3. Locate roads outside the RMZ,

unless necessary for stream

crossings. Not Applicable 4

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 29 29 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

4. Locate landings outside the

RMZ. Not Applicable 3

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 30 30 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

5. Do not dispose of or pile slash

within the RMZ. Not Applicable 4

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 28 28 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

6. Minimize soil exposure and

compaction to protect ground Not Applicable 4

Insufficient 075

vegetation and the duff layer. Information

Applied Correctly 29 28 1 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

7. Do not operate wheeled or

tracked equipment within 15 feet

of the ordinary high water mark

(OHWM) except on roads or at

stream crossings. Not Applicable 10

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 23 23 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

8. Operate wheeled or tracked

equipment within 15 to 50 feet of

the OHWM when the ground is

frozen or dry. Not Applicable 12

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 21 20 1 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

9. Do not harvest fine woody

material within 50 feet of the

OHWM. Not Applicable 15

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 18 18 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

10. Use selection harvests and

promote long

- lived tree species

appropriate to the site. Not Applicable 16

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 17 17 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

11. Harvesting intervals should be

a minimum of every 10 years. Not Applicable 11

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 22 22 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

12. Harvesting plans should leave

at least 60 ft2 of basal area per

acre in trees 5 inches DBH and

larger, evenly distributed. Not Applicable 13

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 18 18 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 2 2 0 0 0 0

13. Develop trees 12 inches DBH

and larger. Not Applicable 15

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 18 18 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

14. Operate wheeled or tracked

harvesting equipment within 15

feet of the ordinary high water Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 076

mark (OHWM), only when the

ground is frozen or dry. Applied Correctly 7 7 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

15. Do not harvest fine woody

material within 15 feet of the

OHWM. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 7 7 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

16. Use selection harvests and

promote long

- lived tree species

appropriate to the site. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 7 7 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

17. Harvesting intervals should be

a minimum of every 10 years. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 7 7 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

18. Harvesting plans should leave

at least 60 ft2 of basal area per

acre in trees 5 inches DBH and

larger, evenly distributed. Not Applicable 27

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 6 6 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

19. Operate wheeled or tracked

harvesting equipment within 15

feet of the ordinary high

- water

mark (OHWM) only when the

ground is frozen or dry. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

20. Do not harvest fine woody

material within 15 feet of the

OHWM. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest Roads

21. Use existing roads when they

provide the best long

- term access. Not Applicable 3

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 30 30 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

22. Select road locations that allow

for drainage away from the road. Not Applicable 19

Insufficient

Information 077 Applied Correctly 13 12 1 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

23. Where possible, locate roads

on well

- drained soils. Not Applicable 18

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 15 15 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

24. Minimize the number of

stream, dry wash, and wetland

crossings. Not Applicable 19

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 14 14 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

25. Locate roads outside of riparian

management zones and wetland

filter strips, except at crossings Not Applicable 18

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 15 15 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

26. Road grades should not exceed

10%. If road grades greater than

10% are necessary, limit grade

length or break the grade using

drainage structures. Not Applicable 21

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 11 11 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 0 1 0

27. Construct roads to follow

natural contours and minimize cut

and fills. Not Applicable 18

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 15 15 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

28. Construct roads to remove

water from road surfaces. Not Applicable 18

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 12 12 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 3 1 1 1 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

29. Construct stable cut and fill

slopes that will re

- vegetate easily,

either naturally or artificially. Not Applicable 25

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 7 7 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 1 0 0 0

30. Do not bury debris in the road

base. Not Applicable 19

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 14 14 0 0 0 078 Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

31. Install drainage structures to

remove water from road surface

and ditches. Not Applicable 24

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 6 6 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 2 0 1 1 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

32. Install a berm at the inlets of

drainage structures, if needed, to

direct water into the structures. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 0 1 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

33. Provide erosion protection at

the outlets of drainage structures

to minimize erosion and disperse

the water. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 5 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 2 0 1 1 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

34. Install drainage structures at

grades of at least 2% more than

the ditch grade and at a 30 to 45

degree angle to the road. Not Applicable 29

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 0 1 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

35. Check drainage structures to

ensure that they are not filling with

sediment or other debris. Clean if

needed. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 4 1 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 0 1 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

36. Install cross drain culverts long

enough to extend beyond the road

fill. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

37. Construct broad

- based dips

deep enough to provide adequate

drainage and wide enough to allow

trucks and equipment to pass

safely. Not Applicable 28

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 3 0 2 1 0 0

38. Use seed, mulch and/or

erosion control netting where

necessary to minimize soil erosion

into lakes, streams and wetlands. Not Applicable 21

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 8 8 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 079 Not Applied 2 0 1 1 0 0

39. Install sediment control

structures where necessary to slow

the flow of runoff and trap

sediment until vegetation is

established at the sediment

source. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 4 4 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 3 0 2 1 0 0

40. Maintain, clean and/or replace

sediment control structures until

areas of exposed soil are stabilized. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

41. Inspect the road system at

regular intervals. Clear debris from

drainage structures to prevent

clogging that can lead to washouts. Not Applicable 15

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 16 16 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

42. Keep traffic to a minimum

during wet periods and spring

break

- up to reduce maintenance

needs. Not Applicable 12

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 20 20 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

43. Shape road surfaces

periodically to maintain proper

surface drainage. Fill in ruts and

holes with gravel or compacted fill

as soon as possible to reduce

erosion potential. Not Applicable 12

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 18 17 1 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 3 1 0 2 0 0

44. Remove berms along the edge

of the road if they will trap water

on the road. Not Applicable 20

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 10 10 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 3 2 0 1 0 0

45. When dust control agents are

used, apply them in a manner that

will keep these compounds from

entering lakes, stream and

groundwater. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

46. Remove all temporary drainage

and crossing structures. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 080

47. Shape all road system surfaces

to maintain proper surface

drainage, if necessary. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 6 6 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

48. Inspect and maintain road

surfaces, drainage structures, and

crossings to minimize erosion. Not Applicable 25

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 8 8 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

49. Identify optimum stream

crossing locations: straight and

narrow stream channels; low

banks; firm rocky soil; keep

approaches at the least gradient

possible. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

50. Install stream crossing

structures at right angles to the

stream channel. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

51. Install stream crossings using

materials that are clean, non

-

erodible and non

- toxic to aquatic

life. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

52. Minimize channel changes and

the amount of excavation or fill

needed at the crossing. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

53. Limit construction activity in

the streambed to periods of low or

normal flow. Keep use of

equipment in the stream to a

minimum. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

54. Use soil stabilization practices

on exposed soil at stream

crossings. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

55. Design, construct and maintain Not Applicable 2781

stream crossings to avoid

disrupting the

migration/movement of fish and

other aquatic life. Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 4 1 0 3 0 0

56. Use diversion ditches, broad

- based dips, or other practices on

the road approaches to prevent

road runoff from entering the

stream. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

57. Stabilize approaches to

crossings with aggregate or other

suitable material to reduce

sediment entering the stream. Not Applicable 27

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 4 4 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 2 0 0 2 0 0

58. Install culverts that extend at

least 1 foot beyond the road fill. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

59. Install culverts that are large

enough to pass flood flows. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 0 1 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

60. Install culverts so there in no

change in the stream bottom

elevation. Culverts should not dam

or pool water. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

61. Firmly compact material

around culverts, particularly the

bottom half. To prevent crushing,

cover the top of culverts with fill to

a depth of 1/3 the culvert diameter

or at least 12 inches, whichever is

greater. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

62. Use riprap around the inlet and

outlet of culverts to prevent water

from eroding and undercutting the

culvert. Not Applicable 30

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

63. Keep culverts clear and free of

debris so that water can pass Not Applicable 28

Insufficient 082

unimpeded at all times. Information

Applied Correctly 3 3 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 2 1 0 1 0 0

64. Locate fords where stream

banks are low. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

65. Locate where the stream bed

has a firm rock or gravel

streambed. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

66. Use temporary stream

crossings such as timber mats, pole

fords, or frozen fords when

appropriate. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

67. Anchor temporary structures

on one end with a cable or other

device so they do not float away

during high water. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 1

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

Timber Harvesting

68. Use existing landings if

possible. Not Applicable 13

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 20 20 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

69. Locate landings on frozen

ground or on firm well

- drained

soils with a slight slope or that

have been shaped to promote

efficient drainage. Not Applicable 1

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 32 32 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

70. Locate residue piles (sawdust,

chipping residue, and other

material) away from areas where

runoff may wash residue into

streams, lakes or wetlands. Not Applicable 10

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 23 23 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

71. Where possible, keep skid trail

grades less than 15%. Where steep Not Applicable 9

Insufficient 083

grades are unavoidable, break the

grade and install drainage

structures at recommended

intervals. Grades greater than 15%

should not exceed 300 feet in

length. Information

Applied Correctly 24 24 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

72. Use existing skid trails if they

provide the best long

- term access. Not Applicable 17

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 16 16 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

73. Limit the length and number of

skid trails, landing, and stream

crossing to the minimum necessary

for conducting the harvest

operation and to meet the

landowner’s objectives. Not Applicable 0

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 33 33 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

74. Whenever possible, winch logs

up steep slopes if conventional

skidding could cause erosion that

affects water quality. Not Applicable 25

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 8 8 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

75. Avoid operating equipment

where excessive soil compaction,

rutting, or channelized runoff may

cause erosion that affects water

quality. Not Applicable 1

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 30 30 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 0 1 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

76. Fill in ruts, apply seed and

mulch, and install sediment control

structures and drainage structures

on skid trails and landings where

needed to prevent erosion and

sedimentation into surface waters. Not Applicable 13

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 16 16 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 3 1 1 1 0 0

77. Inspect soil stabilization

practices periodically during and

after harvest operations to insure

that they are successful and

remain functional. Not Applicable 16

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 16 16 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

78. Do not dispose of or pile slash

in areas where runoff may wash

slash into lakes, streams, or

wetlands. Not Applicable 1

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 32 32 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

79. For winter harvesting, mark

stream channels, dry washes, and Not Applicable 29

Insufficient 084

existing culvert locations before

snowfall. Information

Applied Correctly 4 4 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

80. Use selection harvests or patch

clear

- cuts within 35 feet of the dry

wash to promote tree species

appropriate to the site. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

81. Avoid locating roads and

landings within 35 feet of the dry

wash unless necessary for

crossings. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

82. Operate wheeled or tracked

equipment within 15 feet of the

dry wash only when the ground is

frozen or dry. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

83. Do not harvest fine woody

material within 15 feet of the dry

wash. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

84. Minimize soil exposure and

compaction to protect ground

vegetation and the duff layer. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

85. Avoid cabling logs across the

dry wash, where feasible, to

prevent damage to the banks of

the dry wash. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

86. Identify optimum stream

crossing locations: straight and

narrow stream channels; low

banks; firm rocky soil; keep

approaches at the least gradient

possible. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

87. Install stream crossing

structures at right angles to the

stream channel. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 085 Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

88. Install stream crossings using

materials that are clean, non

-

erodible and non

- toxic to aquatic

life. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

89. Minimize channel changes and

the amount of excavation or fill

needed at the crossing. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

90. Limit construction activity in

the streambed to periods of low or

normal flow. Keep use of

equipment in the stream to a

minimum. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

91. Use soil stabilization practices

on exposed soil at stream

crossings. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 2 2 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

92. Design, construct and maintain

stream crossings to avoid

disrupting the

migration/movement of fish and

other aquatic life. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 1 0 0 0 0

93. Use diversion ditches, broad

- based dips, or other practices on

the road approaches to prevent

road runoff from entering the

stream. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

94. Stabilize approaches to

crossings with aggregate or other

suitable material to reduce

sediment entering the stream. Not Applicable 31

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 1 0 0 0

95. Install culverts that extend at

least 1 foot beyond the road fill. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 086 Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

96. Install culverts that are large

enough to pass flood flows. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

97. Install culverts so there in no

change in the stream bottom

elevation. Culverts should not dam

or pool water. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

98. Firmly compact material

around culverts, particularly the

bottom half. To prevent crushing,

cover the top of culverts with fill to

a depth of 1/3 the culvert diameter

or at least 12 inches, whichever is

greater. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

99. Use riprap around the inlet and

outlet of culverts to prevent water

from eroding and undercutting the

culvert. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

100. Keep culverts clear and free of

debris so that water can pass

unimpeded at all times. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

101. Locate fords where stream

banks are low. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

102. Locate where the stream bed

has a firm rock or gravel

streambed. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

103. Use temporary stream

crossings such as timber mats, pole

fords, or frozen fords when

appropriate. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 087 Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

104. Anchor temporary structures

on one end with a cable or other

device so they do not float away

during high water. Not Applicable 33

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wetlands

105. Whenever practical, avoid

locating roads and landings in

wetlands; otherwise use extreme

caution. Not Applicable 5

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 28 28 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

106. Whenever possible, forest

management activities in wetlands

should occur on frozen ground to

minimize rutting. Not Applicable 10

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 18 18 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 2 0 1 1 0 0

Not Applied 3 3 0 0 0 0

107. Do not dispose of or move

upland slash into a wetland. Slash

from trees harvested within the

wetland may remain in the

wetland. Not Applicable 5

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 26 26 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 2 2 0 0 0 0

108. Keep slash out of open water. Not Applicable 9

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 24 24 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

109. Whenever practical, avoid

equipment maintenance and

fueling in wetlands. Not Applicable 8

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 25 25 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

110. Whenever practical, avoid

locating roads and landings in the

wetland filter strip; otherwise use

extreme caution. Not Applicable 14

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 19 19 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

111. Minimize soil exposure and

compaction to protect the ground

vegetation and the duff layer in the

wetland filter strip. Not Applicable 15

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 18 17 1 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 088 Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

112. Operate equipment in the

wetland filter strip only when the

ground is firm or frozen. Not Applicable 17

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 15 14 1 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

113. Construct upland approaches

to the wetland so the surface

runoff is diverted away from the

road approach prior to reaching

the wetland. Not Applicable 26

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 6 6 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 1 0 0 0

114. If landings are necessary in a

wetland, build them to the

minimum size required for the

operation and to achieve the

landowner’s objective. Not Applicable 32

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 1 1 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

115. Avoid operating equipment in

areas of open water, springs, or

seeps. Not Applicable 23

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 10 10 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

116. Provide for adequate cross

- road drainage in roads to minimize

changes to natural surface and

subsurface flow in the wetland. Not Applicable 27

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 5 4 1 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 1 0 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 0

117. Use low ground pressure

equipment, such as wide tire or

tracked equipment, if necessary to

minimize rutting. Not Applicable 21

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 11 11 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 0 0 0 0 0 0

Not Applied 1 0 0 1 0 0

118. Minimize rutting in wetlands

by conducting forestry activities on

firm or frozen ground that can

support the equipment. Not Applicable 21

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 9 9 0 0 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 0 1 0 0

Not Applied 2 1 0 1 0 0

119. Cease equipment operations

when rutting becomes excessive. Not Applicable 22

Insufficient

Information 0

Applied Correctly 10 9 0 1 0 0

Applied Incorrectly 1 0 0 1 0 0

Not Applied 0 0 0 0 0 089